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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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! UNITED STATES OE AMERICA.! 



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60. 






PUBLISHED BY HARPER AND BROTHERS, NEW-YORK. 



ANTHON'S SERIES OF CLASSICAL WORKS. 

The following works, already published, may be regarded as specimens of the 
whole series, which will consist of about thirty volumes. They are all bound in the 
most durable and tasteful manner, and are for sale at reasonable prices by the prin- 
cipal booksellers throughout the United States. 

First Latin Lessons, containing 
the most important Parts of the 
Grammar of the Latin Language, 
together with appropriate Exer- 
cises in the translating and writing 
of Latin, for the Use of Beginners. 
12mo. 



First Greek Lessons, containing 
the most important Parts of the 
Grammar of the Greek Language, 
together with appropriate Exer- 
cises in the translating and writing 
of Greek, for the Use of Beginners. 
12rno. 

A Grammar of the Greek Lan- 
guage, for the Use of Schools and 
Colleges. 12mo. 

A System of Greek Prosody and 
Metre, for the Use of Schools 
and Colleges ; together with the 
Choral Scanning of the Prome- 
theus Vinctus of iEschylus, -and 
the Ajax and CEdipus Tyrannus of 
Sophocles ; to which are append- 
ed Remarks on the Indo-Germanic 
Analogies. 12mo. 

Cesar's Commentaries on the 
Gallic War ; and the first Book 
of the Greek Paraphrase ; with 
English Notes, critical and explan- 
atory, Plans of Battles, Sieges, 
&c, and Historical, Geographical, 
and Archaeological Indexes. Map, 
Portrait, &c. 12mo. 



Sallust's Jugurthine War and 
Conspiracy of Catiline, with 
an English Commentary, and Geo- 
graphical and Historical Indexes. 
Ninth Edition, corrected and en- 
larged. 12mo. Portrait. 

Select Orations of Cicero, with 
English Notes, critical and explana- 
tory, and Historical, Geographical, 
and Legal Indexes. A new Edi- 
tion, with Improvements. 12mo. 
With a Portrait. 

The Works of Horace, with Eng- 
lish Notes, critical and explana- 
tory. New Edition, with correc- 
tions and improvements. 12mo. 

Jacobs's Greek Reader With 
Notes, critical and explanatory. A 
New Edition. 12mo. 

A Classical Dictionary, contain- 
ing an account of all the Proper 
Names mentioned in Ancient Au- 
thors, and intended to elucidate 
all the important points connected 
with the Geography, History, Biog- 
raphy, Archaeology, and Mythol- 
ogy of the Greeks and Romans, 
together with a copious Chrono- 
logical Table, and an Account of 
the Coins, Weights, and Measures 
of the Ancients, with Tabular Val- 
ues of the same. By Charles A n- 
thon, LL.D. In one volume, royal 
8vo. (Nearly ready.) 



The above editions of the Classical authors are based on the latest and 
most accurate texts, and are accompanied by English Commentaries, con- 
taining everything requisite for accurate preparation on the part of the stu- 
dent and a correct understanding of the author. 

The publishers take the liberty of adding, that all of the above works 
have been republished in England and Scotland. Some of them, indeed, 
have already passed through four editions. They are republished under 
the superintendence of that eminent scholar, James Boyd, LL.D., one of 
the masters in the High School in Edinburgh, who says, "In superintend- 
ing the publication, 1 have not felt my self warranted to make any alteration on the 
text, as given by Professor Anthon, nor to mutilate, by the slightest omission, his 
admirable Explanatory Notes." 

TT7 A more detailed view of the plan of the series, &c, will be found 
on the next page. 



anthon's series of classical works 
for schools and colleges. 



In presenting the volumes of this series, as far as it has been comple- 
ted, to the notice of the public, the subscribers beg leave to say a few 
words respecting its general features, and the advantages that are to re- 
sult from it both to students and instructers. 

The plan proposed is to give editions of all the authors usually read in 
our schools and colleges, together with such elementary and subsidiary 
works as may be needed by the classical student either at the commence- 
ment, or at particular stages, of his career. 

The editions of the Classical authors themselves will be based on the 
latest and most accurate texts, and will be accompanied by English com- 
mentaries, containing everything requisite for accurate preparation on 
the part of the student and a correct understanding of the author. The 
fear entertained by some instructers, lest too copious an array of notes 
may bribe the student into habits of intellectual sloth, will be found to be 
altogether visionary. That part of the series which contains the text- 
books for schools must, in order to be at all useful, have a more ex- 
tensive supply of annotations than the volumes intended for college lec- 
tures ; and when these last make their appearance, the system of com- 
menting adopted in them will not fail to meet with the approbation of all. 

The advantages, then, which this series promises to confer are the 
following : the latest and best texts ; accurate commentaries, putting the 
student and instructer in possession of the opinions of the best philolo- 
gists ; together with all such subsidiary information as may serve, not 
only to throw light upon the meaning of the author, but also to give 
rise in the young student to habits of correct thinking and to the for- 
mation of a correct taste. 

Many of the works at present used in our Classical schools are either 
reprints of antiquated editions, swarming with errors, not merely in the 
typography, but in the matter itself; or else they are volumes, fair to 
the view, indeed, as far as manual execution is concerned, but either 
supplied with meager and unsatisfactory commentaries, or without any 
commentaries at all. These are the works that drive students to the 
use of translations, and thus mar the fairest prospects of youthful 
scholarship, producing an infinitely stronger habit of intellectual in- 
dolence than the most copious commentary could engender. Indeed, 
to place this matter in its proper light, and to show, within a very 
brief compass, how much good the projected series is about to ac- 
complish, it may be sufficient to state, that the printed translations of 
those authors whose works have been thus far published in the series 
meet now with a much less ready sale than formerly ; and are seldom, 
if ever, seen in the hands of those whose instructers have the good 
sense and judgment to give a decided preference to the volumes edited 
by Professor Anthon. 

The publishers take the liberty to subjoin a few of the communica- 
tions relative to the published volumes of the series, which they have 
received from gentlemen of high classical reputation in different parts of 
the country. 

Harper & Brothers, 
New-York, May, 1839. 82 cliff-street. 



Harpers' Enlarged Edition, edited by Anthon. 



THE GREEK READER, 



BY FREDERIC JACOBS, 



PROFESSOR IN THE GYMNASIUM AT GOTHA, EDITOR OF THE GREEK 
ANTHOLOGY, &C, &C. 



A NEW EDITION, 
WITH ENGLISH NOTES, 

CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY, 



A METRICAL INDEX TO HOMER AND ANACREON, AND A 
COPIOUS LEXICON. 



CHARLES ANTHON, L L. D., 

JAY-PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA 
COLLEGE, NEW-YORK, AND RECTOR OF THE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL. 






N E W-Y O R K : |Tg^ 

HARPER & BROTHERS, 82 CLIFF-STREET. 




184 0. 






Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840, by 

Charles Anthon, 
in the Clerk's Office of the Southern District of New-York, 



3 1 



TO 



THE HON. JOHN C. SPENCER, 

WHO HAS WON FOR HIMSELF SO ENVIABLE A NAME, AS WELL FOR 

PROFESSIONAL ATTAINMENTS, 

AS FOR THE ENLIGHTENED ZEAL WITH WHICH HE FOSTERS THE 

BEST INTERESTS OF SOUND EDUCATION, 

THIS WORK 

IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, 

BY ONE WHO, THOUGH A STRANGER TO HIM PERSONALLY, 

IS YET PROUD TO CALL HIMSELF 

HIS COUNTRYMAN. 



PREFACE. 



In preparing a Greek Reader for the press, three plans 
suggested themselves to the attention of the editor. The 
first of these was, to make an entirely new selection from 
the ancient writers ; the second, to take merely those parts 
of the work of Professor Jacobs, which presented fewest 
difficulties for the young student ; the third, to retain unalter- 
ed whatever portions of the German work had already been 
adopted in our Classical seminaries. The first of these 
plans was certainly the most attractive one for an editor, but 
reflection soon showed it to be attended by serious evils ; 
and not the least of these were the adding to the already 
crowded list of works of education, and the trouble and ex- 
pense invariably connected with the introduction of a new 
text-book into schools. The second plan appeared deroga- 
tory in a national point of view. It was equivalent to con- 
fessing, that our Classical instructers were unable to grapple 
with ordinary difficulties, and that the easiest and simplest 
passages alone could either be comprehended by themselves 
or made intelligible to their pupils. Such a mode of editing 
would bring us back to the days of the Collectanea Minora, 
when to be able to read selections from Hierocles and Pa- 
laephatus was regarded as a great feat in American schol- 
arship. 

The only remaining course, therefore, was to take those 
selections from the German work which had been adopt- 
ed in the more respectable portion of our Classical schools, 
and to make these the basis of a new edition. In works 
of this nature different kinds of style must of course occur ; 
and though some among us are very loud in their outcries 
for pure Attic Greek, and think this alone worthy of being 
read, yet it is apparent enough, that the deviations from this 
standard, if brought in a proper manner before the attention 



VI PREFACE. 

of the young student, can be made productive of as much 
benefit to him as if his reading were confined merely to At- 
tic models. Nay, indeed, this very variety of style will 
prove of greater service to him than if his reading lay all 
in one beaten path ; for he will be enabled, in this way, to 
become more fully aware of the variety and extent of the 
language which he is acquiring. 

The notes appended to the present volume will be found 
to be copious, and, it is hoped, satisfactory. The plan has 
hitherto been tried of editing the Greek Reader with few 
notes ; a plan very much in vogue in some sections of our 
country, but which never has and never will make scholars. 
The opposite course is here attempted ; and, as it has suc- 
ceeded on other occasions, the editor trusts that it will be 
accompanied in the present instance with the same favour- 
able results. In what has just been said, however, respect- 
ing previous editions, the editor must not be understood as 
at all referring to the New- York edition by Mr. Casserly. 
He only regrets, that this gentleman was confined to so nar- 
row limits by the arrangements of his publisher. Had these 
restrictions been removed, and Mr. Casserly been allowed 
to expatiate more freely, his known abilities as a scholar 
would have entirely precluded the necessity of the present 
publication. 

The editor would be doing violence to his own feelings 
did he not, before closing these remarks, make some tribute 
of acknowledgment to his young friend, Mr. Henry Drisler, 
a graduate of Columbia College, and an instructer in the 
Grammar School, for the very valuable assistance he has 
derived from him in the correcting of proofs, and in giving 
the present work, as he trusts, so complete and accurate a 
form. The native abilities, and sound and extensive ac- 
quirements, of Mr. Drisler, already point him out as one 
who will gain, at no distant period, a distinguished name 
among the scholars of his country. 

Columbia College, Feb. Uh, 1840. 



TABLE OF REFERENCE 

TO THE 
AUTHORS FROM WHOM THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS ARE MADE. 



FABLES AND ANECDOTES. 

Fables. 
P. 31. ^Esop. Fables. 

Anecdotes of Philosophers. 
33. Zeno. $ 1. Diogenes Laertius, vii., 23.—$ 2. lb.— $ 3. lb., 21. 
— $ 4. Stobaei Florileg., xxxiii., p. 214. 

33. Aristotle. $ 5-9. Diog. Laert., v., 17-21.—$ 10. Plutarch, ii., p. 
503, B. 

34. Plato. $ 11. Stobaeus, lxxvii., p. 456.—$ 12. Id., xx., p. 174. 
34. Socrates. $ 13. Diog. Laert., ii., 36. — $ 14. Stobaeus, cvi., p. 570. 

34. Diogenes. $ 15. Diog. Laert., vi., 55.—$ 16. lb., 22.—$ 17. 
iElian, V. H., xiii., 28.—$ 18. Diog. Laert., vi., 37.—$ 19. lb., 
41.—$ 20, 21. lb., 29, 30.—$ 22-26. lb., 40.—$ 27. Stobaeus, 
xv., p. 152.—$ 28. Id., xiii., p. 146.—$ 29. Plutarch, ii., p. 78, D. 

35. Antisthenes. $ 30-33. Diog. Laert., vi., 5-8.— $ 34. Stobaeus, 
xiv., p. 149. 

36. Aristippus. $ 35-45. Diog. Laert., ii., 69-80. 

37. Solon, Gorgias. $46. Stobseus, cxxi., p. 611.— $ 47, 48. Id., 
xcix., p. 546.—$ 49. Id., cxvii., p. 598. 

37. Pittacus, Xenophon. $ 50. Stobaeus, xix., p. 169. — $ 51. Diog. 
Laert., ii., 54, 55. 

Anecdotes of Poets and Orators. 
37. $ 52. Stobaeus, xci., p. 508 and 511.—$ 53. Plutarch, ii., p. 515, 
D.— $ 54. iElian, V. H., v., 19.—$ 55. Stobaeus, xiii., p. 145.— 
$ 56. Lucian, t. viii., p. 129.—$ 57. 76.—$ 58. ^Elian, V. H., ix., 
14.—$ 59. Plutarch, ii., p. 508, C— $ 60. Stobaeus, xxxvi., p. 218. 
— $61. Plutarch, t. ii., p. 504, C. 

Anecdotes of Princes and Statesmen. 
39. $ 62. Plutarch, ii., p. 174, A.— $ 63. lb., p. 509, A.— $ 64. lb., p. 
176, C— $ 65. Stobaeus, lii., p. 366.—$ 66. Plutarch, ii., p. 177, 
C— $ 67. Stobseus, lii., p. 366.—$ 68. Id., xcvi., p. 532.—$ 69. 
Plutarch, ii., p. 105, A.— $ 70. ^Elian, V. H., viii., 15.—$ 71. 
Plutarch, ii., p. 331, F.— $ 72. lb., p. 335, B.— $ 73. lb., p. 466, 
C— $ 74. ^Elian, V. H., xiii., 13.—$ 75. Stobaeus, xlvii., p. 344. 
— $ 76. Plutarch, ii., p. 506, C— $ 77. lb., p. 334, A.— $ 78. 
Stobaeus, xiv., p. 323.—$ 79, 80. Plutarch, ii., p. 184. — $ 81. 
iElian, V. H., xiii., 40.—$ 82. Plutarch, ii., p. 185, C— $ 83. lb., 
p. 183, D.— $ 84. lb., p. 185, E.— $ 85. JElian, V. H., v., 5.— 
$ 86. Stobaeus, lii., p. 365.—$ 87. ^Elian, V. H., xiv., 38.—$ 88. 
Plutarch, ii., p. 39, B.— $ 89. Stobaeus, xl., p. 238.—$ 90. Id., lii., 
p. 366.—$ 91. iElian, V. H., ix., 6.—$ 92. Id., xiii., 41. 



Till TABLE OF REFERENCE. 

Anecdotes of Spartans. 
P. 42. $ 93. Stobseus, vii., p. 29.— $ 94. Plutarch, ii., p. 216, C— $ 95. 
15., p. 231, D.— $ 96. lb., p. 215, B.— $ 97. 76., p. 232, B.— $ 98. 
75., p. 192, C— $ 99. i5.— $ 100. 76., p. 218, C— $ 101. 75., E. 
— $ 102. 16., p. 219, A.— $ 103. 15., p. 212, F.— $ 104. Plutarch, 
Vit. Lycurg., c. 13. — $ 105. Stobseus, xii., p. 140. Compare 
^Elian, V. H., vii., 20.—$ 106. ^Elian, xiii., 19 — $ 107. Stobse- 
us, xix., p. 169.—$ 108. Id., xxxviii., p. 228.—$ 109. Plutarch, ii., 
p. 79, E.— $ 110. iElian, V. H., iii., 25.—$ 111. Plutarch, ii., p. 
225, B.— $ 112. 75., C— $ 113. ^Elian, V. H., xii., 21.—$ 114. 
Stobseus, vii., p. 88.—$ 115. 25.—$ 116. Plutarch, Vit. Lycurg., c. 
14.—$ 117. lb., c. 25.—$ 118. Plutarch, ii., p. 241, C— $ 119. 
i5., p. 241, F.— $ 120. lb., D.— $ 121, 122. 75., p. 240, D. 

Miscellaneous Anecdotes. 
46. $ 123. Plutarch, ii., p. 94, F.— $ 124. ^Elian, V. H., xiv., 7.— 
$ 125. Stobasus, lii., p. 365.—$ 126, 127. Plutarch, ii., p. 105.— 
$ 128. 75., p. 213, A.— $ 129. ./Elian, V. H., xii., 51.— $ 130. Id., 
iv., 25.—$ 131. Plutarch, Vit. Alcib., i., p. 199, C— $ 132. 
Stobseus, lxxxiv., p. 493.—$ 133. JSlian, V. H., ix., 36.—$ 134. 
Stobseus, lxxii., p. 443. — $ 135. 75. — $ 136. Lucian, vi., p. 31. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 

48. $ 1. Aristot., Hist. An., viii., 28.—$ 2. JElian, Hist. Anim., 1, 38.— 
$ 3. Aristot., Hist. An., i., 11. — $ 4. 75., ix., 1. — $ 5. Strabo, xv., p. 
705, B. C— $ 6-8. Plutarch, ii., p. 968.—$ 9. Aristot., Hist. An., 
ix., 1.—$ 10. Diodor. Sic, iii., 85.—$ 11. Id., I, 35.—$ 12. 
Arist., Hist. An., ii., 1.— $ 13. Diodor. Sic, iii., 35.—$ 14. lb.— 
$ 15. Plutarch, ii., p. 968, F.— $ 16. 75., p. 971, E.— $ 17. 75., F. 
— $ 18. 75., p. 969, C— $ 19. 75., 970, C. F.— $ 20. ^Elian, 
Hist. An., iii., 43.— $ 21. Aristot., de Mir., c 13.— $ 22. Diodor. 
Sic, ii., 50.—$ 23. Plutarch, ii., p. 973, B, C— $ 24. Diodor. Sic, 
i. } 35._$ 25. Herod., ii., 68.—$ 26. Arist., Hist. An., v., 19.—$ 27. 
Plutarch, ii., p. 967, B.— $ 28. 75., p. 978, C— $ 29. 75., p. 980, 
B.— $ 30. 75., F.— $ 31. 75., p. 982, B.— $ 32. Plato, t. iv., p. 186, 
ed. Bipont. — $ 33. Aristot., de Mir., c. 54. 



MYTHOLOGY. 

MYTHOLOGICAL NOTICES. 

57. $ 1. Lucian, de Sacrif., $ 8, t. iii., p. 73, cd. Bip. — $ 2. Lucian, 
Icaromen., t. vii., 40. — $ 3. Lucian, de Sacrif., t. iii., p. 77.—$ 4. 
Lucian, 75., t. iii., p. 76.—$ 5-10. Diodor. Sic, v., 72, 73.—$ 11. 
iiZ.,iv., 7. — $ 12. Lucian, de Luctu., t. vii., p. 206. — $ 13. Apollo- 
dor., Bibl., ii., 5, 12.—$ 14. Id., i., 1, 13. 

MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 

Apollo and Diana. 
$ 1. Apollodor., i., 4, 1.—$ 2. 75., 9, 15.—$ 3. 75., ii., 5, 9.—$ 4. 
Diodor. Sic, iv., 74.—$ 5. Apollodor., iii., 5, 6.—$ 6. 75., 4, 4.— 
$ 7. 75., 10, 3. 

Bacchus. 
63. $ 1. Apollodor., iii., 5, 1.—$ 2. lb., 5, 2.—$ 3. 75., 5, 3.—$ 4. 
lb., 14, 7. 



TABLE OF REFERENCE. IX 

Mercury. 
P. 64. $ 1. Apollodor., iii., 10, 2. 

Minerva. 

65. $ 1. Apollodor., iii., 14, 1.—$ 2. U., 6, 7. 

HercwZes. 

66. $ 1. Anal. Vet. Poet., t. ii., p. 475.— § 2. Diodor. Sic, v., 76.—$ 3. 
Apollod., ii., 4, 8.—$ 4. Ib., 5, 1.—$ 5. lb., 5, 6.—$ 6. Ii., 5, 11. 
— $ 7. lb.— $ 8. 75., 8, 1. 

Expedition of the Argonauts. 
68. $ 1. Diodor. Sic, iv., 47.—$ 2. Apollod., i., 9, 16.—$ 3. Ii., 21. 
— $ 4. !&., 22.—$ 5, 6. lb., 23.—$ 7. 75.—$ 8. lb., 27. 
Miscellaneous Fables. 
72. $ 1. Apollod., i., 3, 2.—$ 2. Diodor. Sic, v., 23.—$ 3. Apollod., i., 
7> i._$ 4. ij., 2.—$ 5. lb., 9, 7.—$ 6. Id. ii., 1, 4.—$ 7. Id., 
iii., 15, 8.—$ 8. Diodor. Sic, iv., 64.—$ 9. Apollod., iii., 10, 8.— 
$ 10. lb., 13, 6.—$ 11. Isocr., Laud. Evag., c. 5, 7.—$ 12. Isocr., 
Encom. Helen., c 13. 

MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 

77. $ 1. Lucian, Deor. Dial., iii.-^-$ 2. lb., viii. — $ 3. lb., xiii. — $ 4. 
lb., xvi. — $ 5. lb., xviii. — $ 6. lb., xxiv. — $ 7. Id., Dial. Marin., 
xv.— $ 8. Id. ib., ii.— $ 9. Id. ib., v.— $ 10. Id. ib., xi.— $ 11. Id., 
Dial. Mort., six. — $ 12. Id., Dial. Marin., xiv. 



GEOGRAPHY. 
Europe. 
89. $ 1, 2. Strabo, ii., p. 126, 127.—$ 3. Id., iii., p. 137.—$ 4. Epitom. 
Strab., iii., p. 25, 27.—$ 5. Strabo, iii.. p. 146.—$ 6, 7. Diodor. 
Sic, v., 34, 35.—$ 8. Ib., 17, 18.—$ 9. Ib., 25.—$ 10. Epitom. 
Strab., iii., p. 33. — $ 11. Diodor. Sic, v., 27, and Strabo, iv., p. 
190.—$ 12. Diodor. Sic, lb.— $ 13. Epitom. Strab., iii., p. 35.— 
$ 14. Diodor. Sic, v., 28.—$ ] 5. lb., 29.—$ 16. lb., 21.—$ 17. Ib., 
22.—$ 18. Epitom. Strab., 3, p. 38, Strabo, iv., p. 200.—$ 19. 
Epitom. Strab., vii., p. 81, and 290.—$ 20. lb., p. 297.—$ 21. Id,, 
v., p. 209, 212, 215.—$ 22. Diodor. Sic , v., 39.—$ 23. Strab., 
v., p. 218.—$ 24. Diodor. Sic, v., 40.—$ 25. Strab., v., p. 219. 
— $ 26. Ib., p. 231.—$ 27. Ib., p. 242.—$ 28. lb., p. 247.—$ 29. 
Id., vi., p. 262.—$ 30. Ib., p. 263.—$ 31-33. Athenseus, xii., p. 
518.—$ 34, 35. Diodor. Sic, v., 2, 3, 4.—$ 36. Strabo, vi., p. 273. 
— $ 37. Diodor. Sic, v., 13, 14.—$ 38. Strabo, viii., p. 335.— 
$ 39. Pausanias, v., 10. Strabo, viii., p. 353. — $ 40. Pausanias, 
v., 11.—$ 41. Strabo, viii., p. 366, 367.—$ 42. Stobaeus, xlii., p. 
293.—$ 43. Strabo, ix., p. 417, 419.—$ 44. Xenophon de Vectigal. 
init.— $ 45, 46. Strabo, ix., p. 395.—$ 47. Id., x., 476. 

Asia. 
104. $ 1. Strabo, xi., p. 490. Arrian, Exp. Alex., v., 5.—$ 2. Strabo, 
xi., p. 497, 499.—$ 3. Id., xi., p. 499.—$ 4. lb., p. 501.—$ 5. 
Diodor. Sic, ii., 48.—$ 6. Ib., 49.—$ 7. Ib., 50.—$ 8. Ib., 54.— 
$ 9. Arrian, Exp. Alex., vii., 7.—$ 10. Diodor. Sic, ii., 37.—$ 11. 
Strabo, xv., p. 690. — $ 12. Ib., p. 693. Compare Epitom. Strab., 



X TABLE OF REFERENCE. 

p. 194.— $ 13. Strabo, xv., p. 726, 727.—$ 14. Diodor. Sic. xvii., 
70, 71.—$ 15. Epitom. Strab., p. 202.—$ 16, 17. Xenophon, 
Cyrop., i., 2, 6, 7, 8. 

Africa. 
P. 111. $ 1. Strabo, xvii., p. 788.—$ 2. Diodor. Sic, i., 32.—$ 3. Strabo, 
xvii., p. 788.—$ 4. Diodor. Sic, i., 10.—$ 5. Strabo, xvii., p. 808, 
and Epitom. Strab., p. 220.—$ 6. Strabo, xvii., p. 816.—$ 7. Dio- 
dor. Sic, iii., 12, 13.—$ 8. Id., xvii., 52.—$ 9, 10. Strabo, xvii., p. 
821.—$ 11. Diodor. Sic, iii., 49.— $ 12. lb., 50.—$ 13, 14. Strabo, 
xvii., p. 832. 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 

Solon. 

119. Plutarch. Vita Solon., c. 8. 

Aristides. 

120. Plutarch. Vita Aristid., c 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 24, 25. 

Themistocles. 

123. Plutarch. Vita Themist., c. 3, 4. 

Incidents in the Second Persian War. 

124. Plutarch. Vita Themist., c. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17. 

Cimon. 
130. Plutarch. Vita Cimon., c 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13. 

Alcibiades. 
133. Plutarch. Vita Alcibiad., c 2, 7, 10, 11, 13. 

Death of Alcibiades. 
136. Plutarch. Vita Alcibiad., c 38, 39. 
Pericles. 

138. Plutarch. Vita Pericl., c 33, 34. 

Death of Pericles. 

139. Plutarch. Vita Pericl, c 38, 39. 

End of the Peloponnesian War, and Taking of Athens. 

140. Plutarch. Vita Lysandri, c 13, 14, 15. 

Phocion. 
142. Plutarch. Vita Phocion., c 4, 5, 11, 16, 17, 18. 

Phocion' s Condemnation and Death. 
144. Plutarch. Vita Phocion., c 34-38. 
Demosthenes. 
147. Plutarch. Vita Demosthenis, c 7, 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 28, 29. 



POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

155. Homeri Iliad., vi., 369-502: viii., 1-29: xxii., 376-515: xxiv. 

471-675. 
170. Anacreon, 1, 5, 9, 33, 37, 40, 43, 47. 
174. Bion, Idyll., 1, 2, 6. 
177. Moschus, Idyll., 1, 3. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

OF THE DIFFERENT WRITERS, SELECTIONS FROM WHOSE WORKS 
OCCUR IN THE COURSE OF THE PRESENT VOLUME. 



JElun, Claudius, a native of Prse- 
neste in Italy, who flourished during 
the reigns of Heliogabalus and Alex- 
ander Severus (218-235 A.D.). He 
composed in the Grecian language, 
of which he was a complete master, 
a work on the " Peculiarities of An- 
imals" (Hepl £6ov IdioTrjTos), in sev- 
enteen books, chiefly a compilation 
from earlier writers, full of absurd 
stories, intermingled occasionally 
with interesting notices ; another 
entitled "Various History" (Hoik 1X7) 
'laTcpia), in fourteen books, a mere 
compilation, evincing little taste, 
judgment, or critical discrimination. 
He died at the age of about sixty 
years. 

-^Esop, a celebrated fabulist, who 
is supposed to have flourished about 
620 B.C. According to most author- 
ities, he was born at Cotyaeum, a 
town of Phrygia, of servile origin, 
and owned in succession by several 
masters, the last of whom, Iadmon, 
a Samian philosopher, gave him his 
liberty. Little, if anything, however, 
is known with certainty respecting 
his life. None of the fables which 
at present go under the name of 
.#]sop were ever written by him. 
They appear to have been preserved 
for a long time in oral tradition, and 
only collected and reduced to writing 
at a comparatively late period. 

Anacreon, a celebrated Greek 
lyric poet, who flourished at the court 
of Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, 
in the sixth century B.C. Little is 
actually known concerning his life. 
It is, however, generally admitted 
that he was bom at Teos, a city of 



Ionia, where he is also reported to 
have died, at the age of eighty-five 
years, from suffocation, in conse- 
quence of swallowing a grapestone 
while in the act of drinking. Very 
few of the pieces ascribed to Anac- 
reon are genuine ; by far the greater 
portion having been added subse- 
quently to his time. 

Apollodorus, a native of Athens, 
flourished about 146 B.C., and was 
celebrated for his numerous produc- 
tions, both in prose and verse. Of 
the former we have, with the excep- 
tion of a few fragments, only the 
work entitled " Library" (BtSXiodij- 
ktj), which is a collection of the fa- 
bles of antiquity, drawn from the 
poets and other writers, and related 
in a clear and simple style. 

Aristotle, a distinguished Gre- 
cian philosopher, born at Staglra in 
Macedonia, B.C. 384, whence he is 
frequently called the Stagirite. He 
went to Athens while young, studied 
philosophy under Plato, and became 
subsequently the instructer of Alex- 
ander the Great. He died in Chal- 
cis, B.C. 321. Aristotle was the 
most voluminous writer of the an- 
cient philosophers. Besides his phil- 
osophical and critical works, he has 
given a " History of Animals" (TLepi 
^uuv iaropiag), in ten books. There 
is also ascribed to him a treatise " On 
Wonderful Reports" (Uepi ^avfiaai- 
ov), which, however, if ever written 
by Aristotle, has undergone great al- 
teration since it came from the hand 
of the author. 

Arrian, a Greek historian, a na- 
tive of Nicomedia, who flourished 



Xll 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



in the second century under Hadrian 
and the Antonines. He has left us 
a history of the expedition of Alex- 
ander, in seven books, which is val- 
uable as being compiled from the 
memoirs of Ptolemy Lagus and Aris- 
tobulus, who both served under that 
monarch. 

Athen^us, a native of Naucratis 
in Egypt, who flourished about the 
beginning of the third century A.D. 
He is the author of a very interesting 
compilation entitled " The Learned 
Men at Supper" (AeiKvoooQiGTai), 
from which the moderns have derived 
a large portion of their knowledge 
respecting the private life of the an- 
cient Greeks. 

Bion, a pastoral poet, a native of 
Smyrna in Asia Minor, who flour- 
ished about B.C. 187, in the island 
of Sicily. He wrote in the Doric 
dialect, and followed Theocritus as 
a model. 

Diodorus, an historian, surnamed 
Siculus, because born at Argyrium 
in Sicily, flourished under Julius 
Caesar and Augustus. His " His- 
torical Library" (B 16X1067} kij 'lorop- 
IK7)) consisted of forty books, and 
extended from the earliest times 
down to 60 B.C. Of these, only fif- 
teen books remain, with fragments 
of the rest. To the preparation of 
this great work he had devoted thirty 
years of his life. 

Diogenes La'ertius, so called 
from his native city Laertes in Cili- 
cia. He wrote the lives of the phi- 
losophers in ten books, which are 
still extant. The period when he 
lived is not exactly known. 

Herodotus, a celebrated Greek 
historian, born at Halicarnassus in 
Caria, B.C. 484. His history con- 
sists of nine books, which, for the 
ease and sweetness of the style, have 
been named after the nine muses. It 
was originally rehearsed in part at the 
Olympic games, and at the Panathe- 
naean festivals of Athens, and ulti- 
mately improved and finished at Thu- 
rium in Lower Italy, where the histo- 
rian passed the latter part of his life. 



Homer, the most distinguished of 
the Grecian epic poets. Of his histo- 
ry little, if anything, is known. He is 
commonly supposed to have been 
born near Smyrna, on the banks of the 
Meles, whence he is termed Melesi- 
genes ; but it still remains a contested 
question whether such a poet ever 
existed, and whether the poems that 
pass under his name are not the pro- 
ductions of several bards, collected 
together in a later age. These po- 
ems are the Iliad and the Odyssey, 
the former of which details the oper- 
ations of the Grecian army before 
the city of Troy, ending with the 
death and funeral honours of Hec- 
tor; the latter, the wanderings and 
adventures of Ulysses on his re- 
turn from the Trojan war to the isl- 
and of Ithaca. 

Isocrates, a celebrated Grecian 
orator, or rather oratorical writer, 
born at Athens B.C. 436. In youth 
he was a companion of Plato, and, 
like him, a great admirer of Socrates. 
He is said to have died by voluntary 
starvation, from grief for the fatal 
battle of Chasronea, in the 98th year 
of his age, B.C. 338. There are 
21 orations ascribed to him. 

Lucian, a celebrated Greek writer, 
was born at Samosata in Syria, and 
flourished in the second century after 
Christ. His father, who was in hum- 
ble circumstances, designed him for 
the profession of a sculptor, and with 
that view placed him under the in- 
struction of his uncle. Becoming 
soon disgusted with this employ- 
ment, he turned his attention to lit- 
erature, and travelled into Greece 
and Asia Minor, and engaged in the 
business of an advocate at Antioch. 
This, however, he soon renounced 
for the more congenial pursuit of 
sophistic declamation, which brought 
him both fortune and fame. He 
subsequently took up his residence 
at Athens, and devoted himself to 
the study of philosophy ; but em- 
braced no one of the systems then 
in vogue. His writings, which are 
mostly in the dialogue form, display 



■H 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Xlll 



a genius eminently satirical, great 
brilliancy of thought, a deep insight 
into the human heart, and a larger 
share of humour than any other au- 
thor of antiquity, with the exception 
perhaps of Aristophanes and Hor- 
ace. 

Moschus, a Greek pastoral poet, 
born at Syracuse in the island of Sic- 
ily, but at what period is not clearly 
ascertained. He wrote in the Doric 
dialect, and adopted his master, Bion, 
as a model. There remain from 
Moschus four Idyls, and a few smaller 
pieces. 

Pausanias, a traveller and geo- 
graphical writer, who is commonly 
supposed to have been born in Lydia, 
and to have flourished during the 
reigns of Hadrian and the Antonines. 
He travelled in Greece, Macedonia, 
Asia, Egypt, and even in Africa as 
far as the temple of Jupiter Ammon. 
After this, he appears to have taken 
up his residence at Rome, and to 
have there published his "Itinerary 
of Greece" ('EA/ludof •xepifiyqcLs), 
in ten books. This work is full of 
instructive details for the antiquarian, 
especially in reference to the history 
of art, combining, as it does, with a 
description of public edifices and 
works of art, the historical records 
and the legends connected with 
them. 

Plato, a distinguished philoso- 
pher, an Athenian by descent, but 
born in the island of ^Egina, where 
his father Aristo resided, B.C. 429. 
At the age of twenty he became a 
disciple of Socrates, and attended the 
lectures of that philosopher for eight 
years. After the death of his master, 
Plato travelled into foreign countries, 
and on his return to Athens open- 
ed a school in a public grove called 
the Academy, which soon became fa- 
mous, and attracted crowds of admi- 
ring auditors. Plato's works consist 
of numerous dialogues, thirty-five in 
number, on different subjects, meta- 
physical, political, moral, and dialec- 
tic. They are exceedingly valuable 
both for style and matter, rich in 



thought, and abounding in beautiful 
and poetical images. 

Plutarch, a native of Chaeronea 
in Bceotia, flourished towards the end 
of the first century A.C. He was 
early engaged in civil affairs, and 
the Emperor Trajan, who patronised 
him, conferred on him high hon- 
ours. Civil occupations, however, 
did not prevent him from pursuing 
his literary and philosophical studies. 
He was an extremely voluminous 
writer, but the most celebrated of his 
productions is his " Parallel Lives" 
(Bi'ot Uapa?J,7}?,oi). In these he 
exhibits and compares, in a very 
full and instructive manner, the char- 
acters of the most distinguished 
Greeks and Romans. There are 
twenty-two parallels, sketching the 
lives of forty-four persons, given in 
such a way that a Roman is always 
compared with a Greek. Five other 
biographies are isolated ones, and 
twelve or fourteen are lost. 

Stob^eu s Johannes, a native of Sto- 
bi in Macedonia, whence his name 
Stobaeus. He published, in four 
books, a collection of extracts in both 
prose and verse, from upward of five 
hundred authors, whose works have 
in a great measure perished. These 
extracts he arranged systematically, 
under separate heads, according to 
their subjects. 

Steabo, a celebrated geographer, 
born at Amasea in Pontus, about 54 
B.C. After travelling through vari- 
ous countries of Asia and Africa, he 
was sent by Augustus on an expedi- 
tion into Arabia. At a subsequent 
period he travelled over Greece, Ma- 
cedonia, and most of Italy. By this 
means he became well qualified to 
compile his " Work on Geography" 
(VeuypatpiKa), in seventeen books. 
This has come down to our time 
complete, with the exception of the 
seventh book, which is imperfect. 
The work is not a mere register of 
names and places, but a rich store of 
interesting facts and mature reflec- 
tions, and of great utility in the study 
of ancient literature and art. There 



XIV 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



exists also an Epitome, or Chrestom- 1 the most worthy characters among 
athy, of Strabo, made subsequently to I the disciples of Socrates. He has 
980 A.C., by some unknown person, left works on history, philosophy, and 



Xenophon, an Athenian, son of 
Gryllus, distinguished as an histori- 
an, philosopher, and commander. 
He was born at Ercheia, a borough 
of Athens, B.C. 445, and was one of 



politics, which have afforded to all 
succeeding ages one of the most 
perfect models of purity, simplicity, 
and harmony of language, and abound 
with sentiments truly Socratic. 



GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. 



I. FIRST DECLENSION. 

1 . ' H fie$7) fiiKpd fiavla korlv. — ILoXXdfug fipaxela rjdovT) 
uatcpdv tlktsl Xvnr\v. — $LXei Tfjv naidetav, oocppoavvrjVy 
<pp6vr]OLV, dXrjdeiav, olK,ovo\iiav, rexvqv, evoe(3eiav. — Bto)V 
ZXeye rr\v (piXapyvptav elvai \ir\rpbnoXiv ndoqg Kan'iag. — 
Ov nevia Xvnr\v kpyd^erac, dXX' kncfrvfita. — 'Qg ovfxnoo- 5 
iov x^piS b\LiXiag, ovrojg nXovrog %o>p^ dperrjg ovdev 
7]6ovrjg ex ei - 

2. Ac rcrrjoeig rrjg dperrjg fiovac (3e6acai eloiv. — f H nai- 
deia kv fiev ralg ev-v%iaic; tcoofiog korlv, kv 6e ralg dry* 
#icu£ Karacpvyrj . — Uaocov rtiv dperdv rjyefi&v konv r\ 10 
evoeteta. — Tlpocquei rolg d&Xrjralg rb ou>[ia del yvfivd^- 
eiv. — KXetvorarov r\v kv 'OXvfinia Acbg ayaXpa, fyetdiov 
epyov. — Merd rbv Alveiov tidvarov, 'Aondviog rr\v /3aoi- 
Xetav napeXadev. — f O Aivog nalg r\v ^p^iov nal Movoqg 
Ovpavlag. — f H 'Igjvlkt] (piXooofyia r\p%aro dnb QaXov, rj 15 
'lraXiKT) dnb Jiv&ayopov . 

3. Nov/idg Uioreojg ical Tep/iovog lepbv ISpvoaro. — 
f H Nea Kapxrjdtiv \irio\ia korlv 'Ao6pov6a, rov degafievov 
Bdpitav, rbv 'Avvi6a narepa. — To rdXavrov rb Ba6vXa>- 
vlov 6vo ttal e66ojxr]KOVTa fivdg 'Arnrcdg dvvarat. — '~Enl 20 
Kopv<pirj rrjg atcpag Sow iov vabg konv 'A&rjvdg l^ovviddog* 

II. SECOND DECLENSION. 
1. 'O ftviLbg aXoyioroc. — f O nXovrog ■Qv^rbg, r\ doga 
dddvarog. — 'O Xoyog rrjg ipvx^g eldcoXov konv. — AecXbv 
6 nXovrog nal (piXoipvxov Kaaov. — r O Tir\yaoog Innog tjv 
nrrjvog. — f H Aiyvnrog dupov eon rov NeiXov. — Mrj aa- 25 
ronvet \iaapdv bdbv nopeveoftai npbg rovg diddotceiv re 
Xpr\oi\iov knayyeXXofievovg. — 0/ 'HpaicXeovg enyovoi aar- 
fjXdov elg rrjv UeXonovvrjoov. 

A 



2 III. THIRD DECLENSION. 

2. 0/ Alyimrioc rbv r\Xiov teal rr\v ueXrjVTjv #eovg uvai 
Xeyovoiv. — f 'Aprjg pioel rovg naitovg. — Ol Uvyfialoi 
rolg yepdvoig ixoXe\iovaiv . 

3. Avkg) tcai irnrG) cvvvoyud eorov Xeatva 6e ical Xewv 
5 ov rr\v avrfjv laacv. — f H dpyfj nai t\ davveaca, dvo) fiey- 

loro) Kafcti), noXXovg dncjXeaav. — '0 Zev^cg enocrjaev 'Itt- 
nofcevravpov, dvarpe<povoav Tiacdite 'iTnrofcevravpo) 6c- 
dvfjio, KOfjudrj vrjnicj. 

4. Ol rd dapa rov "A-^gj evocKOvvreg fiaKpo6c(oraroc 
10 elvac Xeyovrac. — UoXXdacg dv&ptjnuv opyrj voov e%eicd- 

Xwf>e fcpvnrofjievov. — Kdronrpov eMovg %aXKog ear', olvog 
6e vov. — 'Avdpbg olvog edecije voov. 

5. 'Ev "Epvtcc rr\g ZLiteXiag, 'A(f>podcrr)g veug eorcv 
aycog, ev o> ttoXv TrXrj'dog irepcareptiv rpecjyerac. — ILroXe- 

15 [idlog 6 $>iXo7rdTG)p Kareanevaoev r Op,rjp<*) veuiv. — Alpovv- 
rat ol Xayo) vnb dX(*)neKG)v, tots p,ev dpofio), rore 6e ri- 
Xyq. — 'Ev t%i Hdfito, t%i "Hpa nXeiarovg raibg erpetyov, ical 
knl rov vo\iio\iarog rtiv ^ap,io)v raibg rjv. 

III. THIRD DECLENSION. 

1. r H rvpavvig a6aciag \ir\rr\p eoriv. — f deiXog rr\g 

20 narpi6og 7Tpod6rr]g eoriv. — "A6o)vcg ere iralg cbv, 'Aprep- 

tdog %6X(x> ev ftrjpaig vnb avbg enXrjyrj. — Jlpofcvrj eyevero 

drjdcbv, fyiXo\Lr\Xa xeXid&v, Trjpevg eyevero enoip. — '0 eXe- 

(f)ag rbv dpdfcovra bppuydel. — YXavicog , ere vi]ncog vnapx^v, 

p/vv 6lg)kg)v, elg fieXcrog niftov neouv dnedavev. 

25 2. Aceondoavro rbv Jlev&ea at Macvddeg, nai at Gpar- 

rai rbv 'Op(f>ea, ical rbv 'Aicraiova at Kvveg. — 0/ dyadol 

avdpeg ■detiv eltcoveg eloiv. — Trjv 'IraXiav hicqoav npojrot 

Avaoveg avrox^oveg. — "Anavreg ol Xeovreg elacv aXiufioi. 

3. Zrayoveg vdarog nerpag KOtXaivovacv. — f oprv% 

30 r}dv<j)G)vog nai paxqriKog. — Ol (polvitceg tw 'HpanXel oprv- 

yag e&vov. — 0/ nepdifceg ev rg 'Amny exxpuvot, ol 6e ev 

Boioyrla lo~xvb(f)G)voL rjaav. — 'H Trapotfiia Xeyet, TraXip,- 

ircudag rovg yepovrag yiyveo&ai. — TLaXaibg [ivdog Xeyet, 

rovg Mvpfiidovag etc \ivp\ii\K,^v dvdpag yeyovevat. 



IV. CONTRACTED DECLENSION. 3 

4. 0/ Nopddeg rtiv Al6vcjv ov ralg rj/jbepaig, dXXd ralg 
vvi-lv dpL$p,ovGiv. — Ueplavdpog eporrf^elg, ri \iiyiGrov ev 
eXaxiOTU, sine, <bpeveg dyatial ev Gb)\ian dvdpunov. — 
Tvg)/j,7) Kpeiao(x>v early r) pcj[i7] x E P& v - — EvwoYa Kal \ivpov 
yviplv alria tiavdrov. — Vvvau^l kog\lov 7) Giyr) cf>epet. — 5 
XaXenov eart Xeyeiv npbg yaarepa, o>ra ovk exovoav. 

5. "HtyaiGrog tw node x^^bg rjv. — f H M.f)6eia ypdcperac 
tg) 7ralde deivbv viroPXenovGa' ex et °*& £ £ '0°? ^ v X e P°^"> T & 
6e d-&AtG) Ka&rjodov yeXtivre, firjdev tgjv fieXXovrov eidore, 
Kal ravra bpCdvre rb %l(pog ev ralv x e polv rrjg p,rjrpbg. 10 

IV. CONTRACTED DECLENSION. 

1. f H <f)p6v7]oig fjieytarov eanv dyatiov. — f H (pvGig avev 
fia-&rjoeo)g rvcpXbv, r) de \id$r\oig avev <pvoe(og eXXnreg. — 
UoXeug i^vx 7 ) ol vbjioi. — Ovk eanv ovdev upelaoov rj 
vofioc TToXei. — 'ApCoTLTTTTog e(pr] rrpbg rbv adeX^ov Mefi- 
vtjgo, on rrjg jiev Siaardaeojg gv rjpi-o), rr)g de diaXvoeug 15 
eyo). 

2. 'H vdpavXig eanv evprjfia Ktt]gl6lov, 'AXe^avdpeug, 
Kovpeoyg rrjv rexvr/v. — 'Ofiovoovvrcov ddeX<f)(DV GVfibLuGig 
navrbg relxovg tGxvporepa. — "B.'&ovg fSdaavog eonv dv- 
•&p(*)7T0ig XP° V0 S' — HeXtav, rbv HooetdCyvog Kal Tvpovg20 
vlbv, Imrog eftpeibev. — 'AttoXXojv, 6 Atbg Kal Ar/rovg Tralg, 
ore rbv ILvftova Karerb^evaev, r)X&ev elg AeXcpovg Kal 
napeXabe rb \iavrelov rrjg Tr)g. — Aldovg rcapd ixdoiv a^iog 
eaec, edv nptirov ap^rjg oavrbv aldelcr&aL. 

3. Ol b(f)eig rbv ibv ev rolg oSovglv exovGiv. — '0 Hap- 25 
vaoobg \ieya Kal gvgklov bpog eGriv. — 'Ev Boiwrla 6vo 
elGlv entGrjiia bprj, rb fiev 'JZXikgjv KaXovpevov, erepov de 
Kitiaipcov. — f NeZXog e%ei ixavrola yevrj Ix'&vcjv. — Kepdrj 
TTOvrjpd ^r\\i'iav del (pepec. — Atfibg fieytGrov aXyog dv$p(h- 
Trotg e<pv. — Zi<pog rtrpcdGKei Ga>fia, rbv de vovv Xoyog. — 30 
Arjfir]rptog 6 UoXiopKf)rrig (3la ypei rag noXecg, KaraGeiov 
ra relxrj, Tijj,6$eog de Trei-Bodv. — 'Eyevero Kara rovg Ti(3ep- 
iov xpbvovg dvrjp rig 'AniKiog, d<p' ov irXaKOvvrov yevrj 
TroXXd 'ATTiKia bvo\idZ,erai. — Tip,a rovg yoveig. — AlaKbg 



4 V. EXAMPLES IN ALL THE DECLENSIONS. 

rag nXelg rov adov <bvXdrrei.—Ol noXimodeg eXXox&ai 
rovg l%dvg. — ' k.va%apoiq rr\v d\LixeXov elne rpelg (pepeiv 
fiorpvg- rbv rcpCorov, r)5ovr]g' rbv devrepov, fiedrig' rov 
rptroVj arid Lag. 

V. EXAMPLES IN ALL THE DECLENSIONS. 

5 1. Tiovog evKXeiag irarf)p. — "EvKXecav eXa6ov ovk avev 
noXX&v tcovgjv. — ^v%r\g vooovorjg earl <j)dpp,aKov Xoyog. — 
XaXenbv rb yrjpdg eanv dv&pdjirotg (3dpog. — 'Queavov Kal 
Trftvog rralg r\v "Ivaxog, a</>' ov nor ap.bg ev "Apyei "Ivaxog 
KaXelrat. — Ovre rbv appcoorov d)(peXel r) xpvoq kXlvtj, 

10 ovre rbv dvorjrov r) enior\\iog evrvxta. 

2. Ol rerriyeg airovvrai rr)g dpooov. — Aoi-a nal rrXov- 
rog avev ovveoiog ovk do(paXea Krr\\iara. — 'Aya&otcXeovg 
etcXeXoinorog, ndvra ev HmeXia \ieard r)v ordcecog ical 
dvapxiag. 

15 'Eft; ve$eXr\g (peperai x^ovog p,evog rjde x a Xd^r\g, 
T&povrr) 6' etc Xapmpdg aareponr\g <peperai, 
'E^ dvep,G)v 6e -ddXacroa rapdaaerai. 
— 'H rdv (3por£jv cpvoig nal voacov rjrrcjv, teal yrjpog, real 
rj fiolpa anapalrrrrog. 

20 3. "Apyog 6 Travonrrjg o^aXfiovg elxev ev navrl tgj ogj- 
fian. — KXedvdr/g e$r\, rovg dnaidevrovg fiovyj rq f^opebff 
r&v -fkipioyv 6ia<pepeiv. — , Avdxapoig bvei6i^6\ievog, on 
Sfcvdvjg eorlv, elne, Tcj yevei, dXX' ov r£> rponcp. — 'E^v 
Kal tgj 'AxtXXel ^v nal j3aoiXeveLV rtiv Mvppudovov, Kal 

25 tcj Ne<7Topt ev UvXg) ev elprjvy apxstv, Kal tgj 'Odvooel 
oikoi \ieveiv, rj napd KaXvnfjol ev avrpo) tcarappvrG) Kal 
KaraGKiG), dyrjpix) bvri Kal aftavdrtd' dXX' oi>x elXero 
d&dvarog elvat, dpybg cjv, Kal firjdev xp<*>^evog rqj apery. — 
Ae£ rovg veovg Koa\iiorr]ri xP^ G ^ ai £ y Tzopeca Kal oxcart 

30 Kal nepiboX'q. — 'HpaKXrjg ry x°^V r l$ Aepvaiag vdpag 

rovg dtorovg edaipev. — 'AKpiocog rrjv eavrov tivyarepa 

kavdr\v \ierd rov rraidbg ILepoeog ev XdpvaKi tig tidXaa- 

oav eppiipev r) 6e Xdpva% npoorivex^ 2epi<p(t) r%/ vrjoo). 

4. lionet av&pcdnog vvKra [left' rjXiov, Kal Xt/ibv fxerd 



VI. ADJECTIVE. 5 

tcopov, Kal dhpav fierd \ie&r\v nav dfyeXyg avrov rr\v fie- 
radoXrjv, Xvrrrjv rr\v tjSovtjv nocelg. — 'RpaKXrjg eXa6e irapa 
'Epfiov fiev t-ccpog, nap' ' AnoXXovog de ro^a, irapa 'H$>- 
aiorov de -&G)pana %pvoovv, rrapd de ' A$7]v ag ixeixXov. — T ft 
Zev, Kal 'A'drjva, Kal "AnoXXov, Sore \ioi dperrjv ipvxrjg, Kal 5 
rjovxlav (3iov, nai ^cjtjv a/iefiTTTOv, nai eveXmv -ddvarov. 

5. Eepgov ev 'JZXXddc noXefiovvrog, r\ avrov \i7\rr\p 
edoKei ev bvelpoig idelv dvo yvvaltte, fieyedei, ttoXv eicnpe- 
ireordra, ndXXei duti^G), teal KaoLyvrjra rov avrov yevovg, 
'Aoiav not 'JhXXdda. — QiXinnog yevo\ievoq Kptrr\g dvelv 10 
Trovrjpolv, efteXevoe rov p,ev cbevyetv en MaKedovlag, rov 
de erepov di&Keiv. 

6. ~K.oXd^ovrai ev adov ndvreg ol ica/col, j3aatXelg, dov- 
Xoi, oarpdirai, Trevrjreg, nXovotoi, TrrG)%oL — At Qoptcov 
"dvyarepeg ypalai rjoav en yeverrjg, eva re ocpdaXfibv nai 15 
eva odovra el%ov, rpelg ovoac, nai ravra irapa fiepog dX- 
Xr\Xaig tirraoav. — HLXedv&rjg eig oarpana Kal j3oo)V <bp,o- 
irXdrag eypa<pev airep TJtcove irapa rov Zrjvcjvog diropict, 
nepfidrov, ejerre cjvfjaaod^aL x^P rLa - 

7. Qebg etcdar(x> birXov ri evet\ie, Xeovatv dXttr\v teal 20 
raxvrijra, ravpoig Kepara, \ieXiaoaig Kevrpa, dvdpl Xoyov 
Kal aocptav. — Xelpojv 6 Kevravpog rov 'AxtXXea, iralda 
en bvra, erpecpe oirXdyxvoig Xebvrcjv nai ovCdv dypcG)v, 
Kal aptcr(dv p/veXolg, nai rcaprepbv edrjue Kal irodteKrj. — 
Ztjvov e(f)7j, delv rag irbXetg KOGfielv ovk dvaM\\iaoiv^ 
dXXa ralg rtiv otKOvvrcjv dperalg. — f H Aepvaia vdpa 
elxev vnepfieye'Seg oti^a, KecbaXag de evvea, rag p,ev OKr& 
ftvqrag, rr\v de \iear\v dftdvarov. 

VI. ADJECTIVE. 

1. ''E.yyvg 'IraXiag Kelrai 7} I>iKeXta, V7\oog svdaLficjv 
Kal iroXvavtipojirog. — Bpaxvg 6 (3cog, tj de rexvq fiaKpd. — 30 
Bpaxda repipcg 7]dovr\g KaKTfg. Kepdog alaxpbv, (3api> Ket- 
\ii\Xiov. — To fieXXov doa<beg. — KaKrjg an' apx^g yiyverat 
reXog KaKov. — Tbv ttXovolov d[ia-&rj Lioyevr\g npotarov 
elne xpvcr6(j,aXXov. 

A2 



6 VI. ADJECTIVE. 

2. Tvpavvlg XPW a ¥^ v c<paXepbv, iroXXol de avrr)g 
kpaarai eioiv. — Tv(pXbv 6 rrXovrog. — TLiorbv r) yrj, amo- 
rov r) ddXaooa. — KaXbv r)ov%ia. — KaXbv f) dXrfteia teal 
\iovi\iov. 

5 Td \ieyaXa d&pa rr)g tv%7\q e%ei Qodov, 

Kal to Tcdvv Xafinpbv ovk aKivdvvov Kvpel, 
Ovd' dacpaXeg irav vipog ev -&vr]T(x) yevet. 

3. 'Kpelrrov earl \iet 7 6XCy(x)v dyatitiv Trpbg anavrag 
rovg nanovg, r] fierd iroXXtiv /cafctiv npbg oXiyovg dyaftovg 

10 (j,d%eo-&aL. — Ovdev opyr)g dSt/ccjTspov. — ILoXefiag evdo^og 
siprjvrjg aioxpag alpercjrepog. — Blcjv e<pr}, delv rbv dya- 
tibv dpxovra, rravofievov rrjg dpxrjg, fir) TrXovocterepov, dXX' 
kvdo^orepov yeyovevai. — Ovdev Krrjfia o~o(piag Ti\ii6>Tepov 
eamv. — 2o<pia ttXovtov Krr\\ha rtfiiior epov. — TLapd Tap- 

lbrrjooioig veorepG) irpeotvrepov Karafiaprvpelv ovk e^ear- 
iv. — Ad^a do-$evr\g ayavpa, rcXovrog ere dofteveorepa.- — 
y Aperr)g ovdev XPW a oefivorepov, ovde (3e6cu6rep6v eoriv. 

4. UoXXa r£)v ^gjov avaifid eon, naftoXov de, baa 
irXeiovg nodag ex ei Terrdpcjv. — XaXenbv to notelv, rd 

20 de KeXevoai padiov. — Ovdev yXvKiov rr)g Tzarpidog. — Ovk 
eotiv ovdev fjLrjrpbg r)dcov reKvotg. — Kpetooov oiktip\lov 
(ftdovog. — Xpr) otyav, r) Kpeiooova oiyr)g Xeyeiv. — Aid 
rovro dvo wtc exofiev, ardfia de ev, Iva nXelo) fiev aKovo)- 
fiev, Tjrrova de Xeyotfiev. — To Kevbv ev tgj (3i(x> rrXeZov 

25 eon rov cvfMpepovrog. — "A/o%£ oavrov firjdev rjrrov rj rdv 
dXXo)v. — Srepye p,ev rd irapovra, tyyrei de rd (3eXrto. — 
0/ rcov reXerCdv fierexovreg irepl rrjg rov (3tov reXevrrjg 
r)diovg rdg eXnldag exovaiv. 

5. f \ieXag olvog eon 'SpenriKcorarog, 6 de XevKog, 
SOXsTTTOTarog. — f H BaKrpiavr\ %c5pa evdai\ioveordrr) earl 

Kal evd>opo)rdrrj. — Hpea6vTarov t&v ovtcjv $eog' dyev- 
vrjrog yap' KaXXiarov Koafiog- rroirj^a yap $eov- \ieyia- 
tov roTTog' txavra yap ^wper rdxiGTOV vovg' dtd iravrbg 
yap rpexst' laxvpbrarov dvdyKrj- Kparel yap TraVTUV 
35 oofytirarov xp° V0 S' dvevpioKei yap izavra. — f KpOKodei- 



VI. ADJECTIVE. 7 

Xog ei; kXaxiarov yiyverat \iiyiaTog' to fiev yap (hbv ov 
fiel^ov egti %7]vdov, aWbg 6e yiverat Kal ETTTanaide- 
Kdnrjxvg. — f tcjv ttXelgtov fiiog fiEXXrjGfiip ixapaixoX- 
Xvtcll. 

YLdXXtOTOV to diKaiOTarov paOTOV #' vytaiveiv, 5 
"HdiOTOV ds tvx^Iv &v Ttg enaoTog spa. 
— 'O -&dvaTog Kotvbg Kal Tolg %eipi<JTOig Kal Tolg j3sX- 
TLOTOig' ovte Tovg Trovrjpovg vnepopa, ovte Tovg dyaftovg 
•dav jid&i. 

6. 'H yr) acpaipostdrjg egti Kal kv [iegg) KEiTat. — 0/ 10 
ttXovgloi TToXXanig ixp' r)6ovr)g dirrvEKovg ov GvviEVTai Tr)g 
tvTVxiag. — ''ETrafitvuvdag naTpbg r)v dcpavovg. — UdvTa ek 
Tr\g EiuiLEXELag, teal Trjg dcapKovg (f)povTidog, Kal Tijg gttov- 
dr)g Tr\g dvEXXmovg ttpeiTTOva yiyvEO$ai dvvaTai. — e/ Op,r}p- 
og Tolg TjpcjGtv aTrXrjV Kal naoLV b\ioiav diaiTav dixodid^KE. 15 
— Aiovvatog 6 Tvpavvog to 'AnoXXovog dyaX\ia nepiEOv- 
Xtjge, xpvoovg (3ooTpvxovg e%ov, Kal tt)v ixapaKEi\iEvr\v 
ai>TU> xP va V v TpdnE^av dcpElXsv. — HoKpaTrjg Idcjv fietpd- 
klov ttXovglov ical dnaidEVTOV, 'Idov, £<prj, xpvGovv dvdpd- 
nodov. 20 

7. Ta bpr\ rroppodEV dspoEtdr) (palvsTCU Kal Xsla, syyv- 
$ev ds Tpaxea. — Ov KpELTTOV, ixEvixpbv fisv, aGcpaXr) 6e 
ical ddsd (3iov doTrdoao'&aL, rj ttXovglov nal etukivSwov ; — 
''EXsv&Epov dvdpog egtlv, dsi TdXrj'&r) Xsystv. — 'NtKOKpscov 

6 Kvnpiog TETpdicEpojv sXacfrov eI%ev. — "Ev tivi vaCd Aibg 25 

TplKEpG) Kal TETpdKSpG) TTp66aTa TjV. ' ApiGTOTsXr/g (Stfyfa 

TTjg Traidsiag Tag fisv pi^ag slvac uutpdg, yXvKslg ds Tovg 
Kapnovg. — Tpslg eIgl diKaoTal Ka$' adov, ot Toi)g evoebelg 
Kal Trovrjpovg diaKpivovGLV. — Aelvov egti Tovg %Eipovg 
t£)v (3eXtl6v(x)v ap%ELV. 30 

8. 'Avdxapatg KpEtTTOV EXsysv, eva (ptXov exetv ttoX- 
Xov ai-iov, rj ToXXovg fj,7]6evbg d^tovg. — f H fivla, e^dnovg 
ovoa, Tolg jj,ev Teaaapai (3adlfa fiovotg, Tolg de Trpooftioig 
dval &g x E 9° l XPV TaL - — Hvppog kv 'iTaXia EiroXEfirjOEV 
ettj 6vo Kal \vf\vag Tsaaapag. — &tXrj{M*)V 6 KOfitKog sypaifiE 35 
dpd\iaTa enTa Kal evvsvrjKovTa, (Siuaag ettj Evvea Kal ev- 



8 VII. PRONOUNS. 

vevrjKOvra. — "Avvuv, 6 7rpea6vrepog, en rrjg Aidvrjg ene- 
paos \n,eydXr\v 6vva\uv elg SiKeXiav, tts^gjv fivpid6ag irevre, 
iTrnelg 6e e^aKiax^Xiovg, eXefyavrag 6e e^rjKovra. — Tovg 
Lrjpag laropovai \iexpi rptaKOGiov ^v ertiv, Kal rovg XaX- 
5 daiovg virsp rd eaarbv errj j3tovv Xoyog. 

9. 'Apyav&uviog, 6 TaprrjGGLGiv (3aotXevg, TrsvrrjKovra 
Kal sKarbv errj fii&oai Xeyerai. — K.rrjGidLog Gvyypacpevg 
EKarbv elKoairsaadpojv erwv ev TrepindrG) ereXevrrjaev. — 
f O TLXdruv ereXevrrjGe tg> Trp&rG) erei rrjg oydorjg Kal 

10 eKaroarrjg 'OXvpmddog, f3iovg erog ev rrpog rolg oydorj- 
Kovra. — liiXovlov evbg 6eovra rpiaKOvra errj fiaoiXevoav- 
rog, Alveiag, vlbg avrov, evl nXelo rpiaKovra ercJv rr)v 
dvvaoreiav el^ev. — Ol AaKs6ai\iovioi rolg 'A-drjvaiotg (3orj- 
drjGovreg ev rptolv rj\iepaig Kal rooavraig vv%l 6iaKoaia 

15 Kal xLXia orddia 6ir)X$ov. 

VII. PRONOUNS. 

1. ArjfJirjrptog rig elite ray Nepom* 2v p,sv dneiXelg sfiol 
rbv ddvarov, ool 6s r) (pvGig. — Atdvfioiv ddeX(f>o)v elg 
ereXevrrjae' GXoXaoriKog ovv dnavrfjoag tcj ^Cdvri, ijp&ra' 
2i> drre-daveg rj 6 ddeXcpog gov ; — Ti rovr' eorlv, & yvvai, 

20 on efie dixoXaxovaa darvde -baybi^sig ; ovk eon rovro 
OGHppovelv, ovx ovro) 6s as 6 narrjp gov sfiol elg yd\iov 
7raps6G)Ksv. 

2. ^%oXaariKbg diropajv, rd j3t6Xia avrov eninpaGKe, 
Kal ypd<po)v npbg rbv rrarepa sXsys' 'Lvyxatpe rjfilv, rrdrep' 

25rj6rj yap rjjjbdg rd (3i6Xta rps<psi. — 'Ev AdrpLG) rrjg Kapiag 
OKopmoi elvai Xeyovrai, ol rovg jiev iroXirag G(ptai iraiov- 
oiv elg -&dvarov, rovg 6e %svovg r)Gvx%j- — Koptivai, aXXr)- 
Xaig slgl ixiGrorarai Kal Trdvv a666pa dyantiGi, G<pag* 

3. 'AvdxapGig 6 XKvdrjg kpurrjdelg vno nvog, rt earl 
30 TtoXe\iiov avftpumoig ; Avrol, e<prj, eavrolg. — f O Zevg rr\v 

'A-&rjvav e(f)VGev eK rrjg eavrov KeefyaXrjg. — Ov6slg sXsv- 
ftspog eavrov fir) Kpardv. — ~N6p,og ovrog UepGiKog, orav 
slg dypovg eXavvrj 6 (SaGiXevg, irdvreg JlepGat, Kara rr)v 
kavrov 6vva\iw eKaorog, 6wpa avrti rtpoGKOiii^ovGiv ,—- 



VIII. REGULAR VERB IN 6J. 9 

H^oXaarLKog oiKiav nuXiov, XL-dov an' avrrjg elg detyfia 
nepii(pepev. — Kpirrjg cjv, del ravrd nepl r£>v abrGzv yiy- 
wane, ovdev npbg %dpiv noidv. — "ivxrjg enifieXov rjjg 
ceavrov. — BovXov dpeoKeiv ndot, fii) cavrco fiovov. — ILdv- 
tcjv fidXiara aavrbv ala%vvov. 5 

VIII. REGULAR VERB IN 6). 
1. Active. 

1. 0/ novrjpol elg rb Kepdog fiovov anobXenovaiv. — 
"Oorig firj KoXd^ei rd nd$7], avrbg vn' avrcjv KoXd^erai. 
— Uaaa dvvafiig Kal nag nXovrog vneiKei riff apery. — 
"Orav nvd tieXuoiv ol tieol ou&odai, nal ef avrtiv dvao- 
irtiot (3apd$pG)v. — Ovdev rr\g evfiop(f>iag 6<f>eXog, orav rig 10 
firj (ppevag e%fy; — Ev tivrjoKoig, orav aol to XP e & v eX&q. — 
Trjprjg, 6 fiaaXevg, eXeyev, bnore axoXd^oi nal fir) orpa- 
revoiro, rdv InnoKOfiov o'ieodai firjdev diacpepeiv. — 'Ayrjoi- 
Xaog epG)T7)$eig, ndg av rig fidXiara nap' dv&p&noig evdo- 
KLfiolr], Et Xeyoi, elne, rd apiara, npdrroi 6e rd ndXXiora. 15 
— "Ayig kporrjdelg, ncog av rtg eXev-Bepog diafievoi, Qava- 
rov itaracppovGJV, e<f>7]. 

2. Qdnrovoiv ol Alyvnrioi rovg venpovg rapixevovreg, 
'Fo)fialoi 6e Kaiovreg. — "Av&pconoi rbv Sdvarov (pevyovreg, 
SicJKovaiv. — QiXmnog rovg 'Adrjvaiovg e'Ua^e rolg 'Hpfiaig, 20 
ordfia fiovov e%ovoiv. 

3. Aiovvaiog 6 LineXbg nepl rr\v larpiKr\v eonovdaoe, 
nal avrbg laro, Kal erefive, nal eKaie, Kal rd Xomd. — 
QefiLoroKXrjg Kal 'ApicreiSrjg earaaia^errjv en naide bvre. 
— Qrfoevg rrjv ' Apid6vr\v ev Nc^w KareXine Kal e^enXevaev 25 
Aiovvoog 6e avrrjv dnrjyayev. — f H yXcoooa noXXovg elg 
oXeftpov rjyayev. — 'F>npu)revGev r\ AaKe6aifio)v rr\g f EX- 
Xddog evvofiia Kal dbfy, %povov ertiv nevraKOcriuv, rolg 
AvKOvpyov xpofievr] vo\ioig. 

4. f O Aioyevrjg eXeyev, ore ol fiev dXXoi Kvveg rovg 30 
ex&povg daKvovoiv, eyd> 6e rovg (piXovg, Iva acjaco. — Mrjdevl 
ovfj,<f)opdv oveidLoxig, koivt\ yap tj rvxrf, Kal rb fieXXov 
aoparov. — Kav fiovog %g, (pavXov firjre Xefyg, firjre epydaq 



10 VIII. REGULAR VERB IN 0). 

Hrj6ev. — Aldovg irapa naoiv a%iog eoei, eav ixpCdTOV dp%%\g 
oavrbv aidela&ai. 

5. 'Advvarov dvev Tr\g t&v ovpavlov -&eG)plag yeu>- 
ypatyrjGai.—XaXeTrbv rb ttolelv, to de KeXevGat pddiov. — 
5Aioyevrjg Xvxvov //£#' rjfiepav aipag, * Av&punov , (^rjal, 
tyro). — 0/ AaKuveg ttjv rrjg naXaiag 6iaiT7\g GfcXrjporrjra 
KaraXvaavreg, k^cjKecXav elg rpv<f>7)v. — f Qqoevg fierd 
ttjv Alyeog reXevrrjv cvvoiKioag rovg tt\v 'Atti/ctjv icar- 
oiKovvrag elg ev aorv, eva drifiov dnecprjvev. 

10 6. To KaXtig dno&avelv Idiov rolg dyadolg r) <pvGig 
aneveifiev. — OvTrwrrore eyo) Kara rrjv 'ATTiicfjv virefieiva 
togovtov %eL[/,6)va. — 'E£ ov (ptXoGotyelv enevorjGag, Gefivog 
rig eyevov, Kal Tag 6(ppvg vnep Tovg KpOTd(f>ovg enrjpag.-— 
"Apn \ioi ttjv aXo 6iaK.a&r\p(ivTi 6 deGnoTrjg ensGrrj teal 

15 enyvet tt)v (piXepyiav. — Kddfiog dnoKreiveL dpaKOvra, rr)g 
*Apeiag Kprjvrjg <j>vXaica, Kal Tovg odovrag avTOv Gnecper 
tovtov 6e GTTapevrcjv, dvsTBiXav en yr\g dvdpeg evonXoi. — 
' A(f>poGvvrjg sgtl to Kplvai itaK(og rd Trpdyfiara. — Ovre 
irvp IfiaTLG) 7TepiGTelXai dvvaTov, ovre aiG%pbv a\hdpTr\\ia 

20XP 6v( i>' 

7. H^o/lacrTitfd^, fia-&G)v bri 6 Kopa% imep Ta diaaoGia 
ettj £§, dyopaGag nopaica elg dnoneipav eTpecpev. — QuXel 
tgj KdfivovTL GvyKaaveiv -deog. — Ovtc dv dvvaio [ir] Kafji&v 
evSai\iovelv. — f O 'HpatcXrjg to fronaXov, b ecpopec, avrbg 

25 ETE\Lev ek Nep,eag. — Ar}fioG$evovg elnovTog Trpbg tov <I>a)- 
KLiova, 'AnoiCTevovGL Ge 'Ad-rjvaloi, eav fiavuGL, Nat, elirev, 
efie fiev, eav jiavCtGi, ge de, eav Gocfypovtioiv. 

8. ILXaTOv Xoidopovfievog vtto Tivog, Aeye, ecprj, Kaictig, 
enel icaXCJg ov fieuddrjicag. — f O icaXbg Kal dyatibg dvfjp 

30 rrjv eavTOv yvGifirjV vnoreraxs tw Slolkovvtl Ta bXa, 
Kafidnep ol dyadol noXlTat tc5 vofjbG) Tr)g TroXeojg. — Tov 
evTV%ovvTa %pr\ Gocpbv irefyvnevai. — HL%oXaGTittbg tear' bvap 
Sokgjv r)Xov TTenarrjKevai, tov noda vnap TreptedrjGaTO' 
erepog de fia&cbv ttjv aWlav, e(prj- Aid ri yap dvvnodrjTog 

35 naftevdeLg ; — ~Bi(*)v 6 GocpiGTTjg, Idcjv cf)-&ovepbv G<j)6dpa Ke- 
Kvcpora, elirev ,V H tovtg) \ieya ttanbv GV(j,6e6rjitev, r) aXXid 



VIII. REGULAR VERB IN W. 11 

fieya dya&ov. — Ol rrpbg rr)v dot-av KEX^vorsg anavccjg 
evdogot ytyvovrai. — JZlpiJKaOL nveg, rbv r\Xiov Xidov elvai 
tcai fivSpov dtdnvpov. — AaidaXog, apxirittTUV wv, kv Kpfjrri 
tcarEGKEvaoE Aabvpivftov, rrE(pEvycjg e% 'A-&t)vgjv ettl (povo). 

9. 'AraXdvrrj ette&vkei ojkigtt} rovg rrodag. — 'Enenveov 5 
ol dvefiot, nai eirecppiicei 6 novrog, Kal 6 d(f)pbg rov vdarog 
£%r\v$r\K£i. — Arj/jLoa^vrjg rrpbg kXettttjv slrrovra, Ovk fydeiv 
on gov egtiv, "On 6e, E(pr], gov ovk, egtiv qdetg. — Trig 
t£)v nai.do)v reXevrr]g npooayyeXdeiarig 'Avai-ayopa, eIttev 
ydecv avrovg tivrirovg yevvf)Gag. — f %pr\Giyt eldcjg, oi>x 10 
6 ttoXX' eidCjg GO(p6g. 

2. Middle. 

1. QeoKpLTog epcoTrjdeig, did ri ov Gvyypdfei, "On, 
elrrev, <Jjg [isv fiovXofxai, ov dvvafiai, &g 6s 6vva\iai^ 
ov fiovXofiai. — UdvTG)v \idXiGra Gavrbv aiGxvvEO. — Ovk 
afj,iG$ov to ev noielv, ndv p) napaxpijfAa Tr)g EVEpyEGiag 15 
rj dvridoGig <$>aivr\rai. — Ov rb Treveodai alGXpbv, dXXd rb 
did aiGXpdv airlav neveo&aL, ovecdog. — Tov boyi^6\iEvov 
v6\liZ,e rov fiaivofievov %povo) dcacpepecv. — 'Avriyovog vrco- 
X<>>p<*)v ttote rolg notefiiotg eTrepxo/jievocg, ov/c, e0?y, (pevyetv, 
dXXd 6iG)K£tv rb GVfMpspov ottlgcj ke'i\ievov. — Ol irdXat 20 
'Adrjvalot dXovpyr) rjfjnreixovro Ijidria, ixoiKiXovg 6e eve- 
dvvov x CT< *>vag> — '~Ep<x)Tr}Gavr6g rivog rbv 'AvraXfcidav, 
TTGJg dv rig fidXiGra dpeGfcoi rolg dv&p&Ttoig ; EZ r)diGra 
fiev, e<f>7], avrolg SiaXeyocro, ^(peXtfi^rara 6e irpoGcpepotro. 

2. Teyova/iev dnai-- dig 6' ovk egtl yeveG$ai. — "T&oikev 25 
6 /3iog fearpcd. — At KaiJLTjXonapddXsLg Kara rr)v pdxiv 
Kvproyfia napEfupEpsg exovgl KanrjXu, tgj 6i xP ( ^l iari Ka ^ 
T V fpix&GEi irapddXEGcv koiKaGi. — kEdoiKaGiv at \leXig- 
Gai ov roGovrov rb Kpvog, ogov rbv 6/i6pov. — Ovk aKf). 
Koag, d)g ol TErrtysg, ovrsg avdponoi rb naXatbv, elg 30 
bpvcdag \iEritaXov ; — '~E,Xnig EypTjyoporog evvttvlov. — Hiv- 
dapog etrre, rag EXnidag elvat Eypr\yoporo)v evvttvcu. 

3. ArfiMJva^ £pG)rr]$Eig, ttote rjpgaro cj)iXoGo<j)Elv, "Ore, 
£077, KaraytyvcoGKEiv Efiavrov r\p^d\irrv. — 'ApiGrnnrog e<^ 



12 till. REGULAR VERB IN 0). 

Trpbg rbv ddsXcpbv, Me^vrjoo, on rr\g \iev diaordoeug ov 
7Jp!;<*), rr)g 6e diaXvaeug eyu. — $iX6!-evog, 6 yaarpifiapyog, 
enLfiefupOjievog rrjv (pvatv, rjvi-aro yepdvov rr)v (pdpvyya 
EXEiv. — Kvpog, 6 \ieyag, Hv&dpx(*> tgj Kv^tKTjVG), <piX(p 

5 bvrc, exapioaro enrd noXeig. 

4. Koyioat npb epyov. — Aioyevrjg npbg rbv evoeioavra 
avr£) doftbv, elra einovra, <bvXa£;ai, nXfjgag avrbv r'q 
(3afCT7)pia, sine, <S?vXa^at. — Totovrog yiyvov nepl rovg 
yovelg, olovg dv ev^aio nepl aeavrbv yeveo-dai rovg aeavrov 

10 naldag. — Aeyerai 'Iw, r) y \vd%ov, elg (3ovv [lErajioptytedEiaa, 
rbv Boanopov vr\%ao$ai nai dovvai t<5 nopd/j,G) rb bvoua. 
— IXoXaontcbg KoXv\L$av (3ovX6fiEvog, napd \iiapbv Enviyr}' 
&ILOOSV ovv fjirj aipaodai vdarog, edv p,r) npdrov p,d&q ko- 
Xvp,f3av. 

15 5. Tpavv rivd <paoi \ioaxov yaupbv dpafif.vrjv, real rovro 
naW rjfiepav nocovoav, Xaftslv f3ovv (pepovoav. — MlXov, 6 
etc Kporoyvog d^Xrjrrjg, ravpov dpdfievog e<pepe did rov 
cradiov fieaov. — AevicovXXog 6 'Pw/xatcov arparrjybg, 6 rbv 
Mi$paddT7)v /cat Tiypdvrjv narayoviodfievog, npCyrog dieted ji- 

20 tffev eig 'IraXcav rbv nepaoov. 

6. 'Enecdrj deoi oorrjpeg fcvfidrcov nal Kivdvvov ep,e e%ei- 
Xovro, en' epyaaiav rpeipofiai, nai fiadcovfiaL ev tw aypai 
6carpLJ3(ov. — Aecjv idrjg dtcovoag rbv r\Xiov eniGKid^eoftaL 
rolg Hepativ ro^evfiaoi, Xdptev, e<prj, on nai vnb oklcL 

25 \iaxov\ie$a. — Qeotcptrog epoyrrj'&eig vnb ddoXeaxov, onov 
avrbv avpiov bipoiro ; e<prj, "Onov eyib as ovtc oipofiai. 

3. Passive. 

1. 'Em rr)g KoXaneiag, &g eni \ivr\\iarog, avrb \iovov rb 
ovo\ia rr)g (piXiag emyeypanrai. — f T7rd rov nXrjdovg ra>v 
napovrcjv ev rxj eKKXrjoia diarerdpay\iai rr)v yvcjfirjv, teal 

Wvnorpofiog elpi, nal r) yXdrrd \ioi nenedrjfievr) 'eottce, nal 
EniXeXr\G\Lai rb npool\iiov ru>v Xoyuv, b napeoKevaad\L7)V . 
E2 rolg ev o'lfcco XPW a<JLV XeXeififteda, 
'H (5' evyeveta nal rb yevvalov \ievei. 

2. OvdEfita en rtiv noXeuv dnepaiog sonv, r)ng ov% 



VIII. REGULAR VERB IN 0). 13 

bp,6povg e%££ rovg KaKcJg 7roir)oovrag, d)g rerfirjodaL fikv 
rag x&pag, nenop^r\adat 6e rag -rroXeig, dvacrdrovg de) 
yeyevrjodac rovg o'itcovg rovg idiovg, dveorpd^at 6s rag 
noXtreiag, Kal KaraXeXvodai rovg vdfwvg. — "Avfipunog 
cjv, fiefj,v7]OQ rrjg KOivr\g rvx 7 ]^- — Meuvrjoo ore ■ftvrjrbg elg. 5 
— J&vpinidrjg ev Maicedovia redanrai. 

3. f SapdavdnaXXog eKelvog, 6 rb oojfia evrerptfifievog, 
Kal rr)v ^alrrjv dianenXeyiievog, Kal ev iropcpvpioi Kar- 
opopvyfievog, Kal ev ftaatXelocg KaraKeKXeiauevog, ovdev 
dXXo ediGJtcev rj evdaifiovtav Kal r)6ovf)v. — 0/ ILvdayopiKol 10 
eXeyov, evdedec&ai rw awfiarc rag dv&ptincjv ipvx&g ri\HA- 
plag x^P tv ' — Tfc/xjv, Tr)g vlbg Kal Taprdpov, \ie\iiy\ievr\v 
slfte (pvoiv dvdpbg nal &rjpiov. 

4. Tov jxev dv^pcjTvov r) tcapdia r& fiasco ru> Xai& rrpoo- 
Tjprrjrat, rolg de aXXoig tyoig ev fieeto rti orrftei npoa. 15 
nenXaorai. — 'Po)[xatG)v at noXXal yvvalaeg ra avrd vtto- 
6rjp,ara <popelv rolg dvdpdocv el-&iop,evai elaiv. — %o(f)OKXr]g 
jaerd rr)v ev SaXaulvi vav[iaxLav, en nalg cov, uepl rponacov 
yvjivbg dXr\Xi\i\ievog exopevaev. — Acoyevrjg Iduv nore yv- 
valfcag an' eXaiag dTrrjyxoviop,evag, Et#£ yap, e<prj, ndvra 20 
rd devdpa roiovrov tcapirbv rjveyfeev. — 0/ nepl rbv Qefite- 
rofcXea "FiXXrjveg dieonap\hevoig rolg Hepaaig ovvenXeKov- 
ro. — To ei\iap\ievov diacpvyelv ddvvarov. — Zrjvcjv dovXov 
efiaarlyov enl fcXonq' rov de elnbvrog' 'Elfxapro [j,ol rcXeipar 
Kal daprjvat, Zr)vG)v efyrj. — 'Ev rolg ApaKOvrog vo\ioig \iia 25 
dnaatv tiptoro rolg d\iaprdvovai ^rjjila, ftdvarog. — Ot Tl- 
yavreg rjKOvri^ov elg ovpavbv nerpag nal dpvg rjfifievag. 

5. TLvdayopag npcorov eavrbv (ptXoaocpov (bvofiaaev 
61 de naXawrepoi aocpol (hvoudo&qoav. — Hv&ayopag rr)g 
avrrjg rjjiepag Kal Kara rr)v avrr)v &pav &(f>&r] ev Mera- 30 
novrlo) Kal ev Kporo)vc. — Ot evepyerai rdv dv$pcjnG)v 
ddavdrcjv nu&v r)$;LU)-&7]oav. — r Kv ' k&r\vaioig nore nd- 
rpiov, j]yelo§ai rrjg ( ~EXXddog, Kal rolg rvpdvvoig imep 
rrjg eXevdepiag dvrayGJVL&o&ac. — Ovrog 6 vo\iog r)p^aro 
jiev dnb MiXrcddov, r\K\iaae 6e enl QefiioroKXeovg, Karebr\ 35 
<5e elg KtjLtwva, e(pvXdx$T} 6e vnb HepiKXeovg, Kal e$av\ido-&r} 

B 



14 VIII. REGULAR VERB IN 0). 

vrcb 'AXKidcddov. — UroXefialog, 6 MaKedoviag (3aaiXevg, 
vnb TaXar&v ea<pdyri, Kal irdoa rj Maicedoviicff dvvafug 
KarenoiTr} Kal dcecfy&dpr]. — Aovptg 6 ^dyabg <fyqoi, UoXvanep- 
Xovra, rbv Mafcedovuv arparrjybv, el fie^va-detrj, Kairoi 
5 7Tpeo6vrepov bvra, ev decTrvcd opxslo'&ai. — Al n-&r]vai 
efircrvovac rolg iratdioig, <bg /jltj fiaoKavd&GLV. 

6. Neog a>v 6 liXdrtdv ovrayg i\v aidrjfuw Kal KOGfitog, 
&OTE firjdeTTore 6§§r\vai yeXtiv vnepdyav. — Aoyog rig earl, 
'Podiovg vo-&rjvat xpvoti), %pvorjv £7r' avrovg rov Aibg vecpe- 

IOXtjv pr^avrog. — 'Hpodorog Xeyei, em "Arvog did \i\ibv 
evpe$7\vai rag rxaididg. — 'Apiddvrjv ol fiev fyaoiv array i-aa- 
■&ac aTToXeMptieloav vrrb rov Brjoecjg, ol de elg Na£oi> ko\ug- 
•&elcav Alovvgg) ya\ir\$r\vai. — 'KpaitXrjg ev Qrj6aig rpa^elg 
Kal rraidev&elg ical \idXiara ev rolg yvfivaaloig diarrovrj- 

15 tielg rrepi66r]rog eyevero. — 'ArroXXuv KaradiKaodelg em tg> 
rojv KvkXg)ttg)v davdrG), Kd^oarpaKicdelg did rovro en rov 
ovpavov, KarenefMp'&r) eg yr\v, ical e-drjrevaev ev QerraXia 
trap* 'AdfiTjrh) Kal ev <&pvyia rxapd Aao^edovn. — TLovov 
fieraXXax^evrog ol rxovoi yXvKelg. 

20 7. ,x O fieXXeig rxpdrreiv, \ir\ npoXeye' anorv%&v yap 
yeXao"$r\oei. — BaocXevg uv, otconei, bncdg ol fieXriorot fiev 
rag rtfidg e^ovocv, ol de dXXoi \ir\dev ddiKrftr\o'ovrai. — 
Aldov aavrbv, Kal dXXov ovk alo%vv&7i<rei. — "Arxavra 66kel 
TcoieZv <bg \ir\deva Xrjoov Kal yap edv rxapavr'iKa Kpvipyg, 

25 varepov 6<j)$r]G£i. 

8. "TXag 6 Qeioddfiavrog rralg, ev Mvaia arxoaraXelg 
vdpevoaotiaL, did KaXXog vrrb NvfKpcjv r\prxdy7\. — SofioKXijg 
6 rpay(x)6o7TOLbg, paya ara(pvXrjg Karamcbv arxerxviyr]. — 
"K^aiarog epplcpr) vno rov Albg ei; ovpavov, b$ev %(*)Xbg 

SO eyevero. — 1x°^ aariK °S tffHptj) ovvavrrjaag, eKpv6r)' nv&ofj,- 
evov de rivog rrjv alriav, e^rj- Kaipbv ex * M dodevrjoag, 
Kal alaxvvo\iai elg bipiv eX-&elv rov larpov. — Aeyerat, rbv 
YLiveav, ercel rrjv rtiv 'Pofialcjv dperr\v Karevorjoe, rc5 
TLvppG) elrrelv, &g rj o~vyKXr\rog avrcj (3a<7iXeov ttoXXcjv 

ZSovvedpiov cpavetrj. — ^vyKpivoybevuv rtiv rpiiov rjireipoyv 
rrpbg dXXrjXag, \ieyiarr\ \iev cbavelr) av rj 'Acta, elra rj Ai6v7i, 
reXevrala de i\ J&vp&mj. 



IX. CONTRACT VERBS. 15 

IX. CONTRACT VERBS. 
1. Active. 

1. r O (f)-&ovso)v kavrbv &g ex&pbv Xviteel. — 'AyadoZoiv 
dfjiiXee. — Qdpoog ovv Xoycd alves, rb de fiera dXoyir\g bv 
anoorvyee. — ILoXXol doKsovrsg kavrovg (pcXeetv, ovk dXr\- 
■dcog (piXeovatv. — M.7]6evl <b$6vsL. — 'Nose, Kai tots irparre. 

2. r H $>G)fCLG)vog yvvr) spcjrrj'&ELaa, did rl \i6vt] rcjv aXX<ov 5 
ov (f)opel xP va °vv koo\lov, scpr), "On avrdpKrjg Koa^iog \ioi 
kanv 7) rov dvdpbg dperrj. — f O olvog 

rbv ransivbv fisya (frpovelv ttoiei, 
rbv rag ocppvg aipovra gv^ttei'&ei yeXav, 
rbv 6' do&evrj roXjiav n, rov detXbv ftpaoelv. 10 
'H ovvr]$eia Kopov ysvva- olKovvrsg yr\v fyrovpev ddXao- 
aav, Kai rrXsovrsg ndXiv TTEpiOKonovfisv rbv dypov. — Ol 
TrXeovefcrovvreg noXe/iovoiv del, to emdovXeveiv Kai <p#ov- 
elv ejMpvrov e%ovTeg. — Kavaiavol rovg [aev yevvcjfievovg 
•dprjvovoi, rovg 6e reXevrrjaavrag \iaKapi^ovaiv. 15 

Olvov yap svpoig dv n irpaKriKurEpov ; 
'Opag ; orav ttcvojglv avdpcjnoi, rors 
UXovrovoi, dianpdrrovoi, vikCjgiv diKag, 
Hvdai^ovovoiv, (bcpsXovoi rovg (piXovg. 

3. AloxvXog, &g Xeyovac, rag rpayoidiag iiedvcdv ettoiei. 20 
— 'Opfavg ciduv ekivei Xitiovg te Kai dsvdpa. — 0/ lapdcooi 
rovg rjdrj yEyr\paKorag r&v Trarspcjv pondXoig dvrjpovv. — 
0/ dvdpcjTTOi rb iraXaibv ev avrpoig gikovv. — T?)v HiKEXiav 
rb naXaibv rafisiov rrjg 'Fcjfirjg ekoXovv ol 'Puftaioi. 

4. f [it]6ev ddiKcov ovdsvbg dElrai vo\iov. — Kv6£pvrjrov 25 
voaovvrog, oXov cv\nxdo , XEi rb OKacpog. — H^o/lacrrt/cd^, vav- 
ayElv [ieXXmv, mvaKcSag rjrsi, tva 6ia-&rjKag ypd(f)^' rovg 
6s oiKErag bptiv dXyovvrag did rov Kivdvvov, £<pr\- Mrj 
Xvttelo'&e, eXev&epgj yap vfidg. — Ov \iovog 6 TiXovrog 
rvcpXbg, dXXd Kai 7] odrjyovoa avrbv Tvxrj. — Trjv 'A%iX- 30 
Xscjg donida "Ofirjpog snoirjoe (pspovaav oXov rbv ovpavbv, 
nal ysupyovvrag, Kai yapovvrag, Kai diKa^Ofisvovg, Kai 
TToXsfiovvrag. 



16 IX. CONTRACT VERBS. 

5. f O BaKXog koX Ar/vaZog KaXeZrai and rov rrarrjaat, 
rag aracpvXdg ev Xrjvip. — f O QaXr)g Xiyerai Ttp&rog darpo- 
Xoyr)aai. — 'Ev Matcedovia ovk e$og r)v KaraKXtveo-Sal nva 
kv deiirvG), el p,f) rig e%<*) Xivuv vv dypiov Kevrr\aeiev . — 

5 'Eiritcovpog epurrjdelg, ntig av rig rcXovrrjoeiev ; Ov rolg 
ovoi TrpooTitieig, ecpr), rrjg 6e xpetag rd noXXd Trepirepvcjv. 
— Ji%oXaoTUwg larpcp ovvavrf)oag, Hvyx^prjoov pot, sine, 
Kal pi) pot pepiprj, on ovk evoorjoa. — MrjdeTrore (ppovr)orjg 
k-nl oeavrCp p,eya, dXXd prjde Kara(ppovr)arjg oeavrov. — 
10 HXcltgw ri)v (piXooocpiav -davdrov peXerrjv eKaXeaev. 

6. T £2 rral, OLoyrra' irbXX' ex eL Giyr) naXd. — M?) Kafcolg 
bptXer -&eovg ripa' rd arrovdala peXera- pi) ipevdov. — 
TeXdb 6 pdpog Kav n pi) yeXolov %j. — f O SaXpojvevg dvrt- 
bpovrav eroXpa rip hit. — KaXbv rb yrjpav, Kal rb pi) yrjpav 

15 KaXov. — NiKtag ovrog r)v (piXbirovog, coore TroXXamg epo)- 
rav rovg olnerag, el rjpiorrjKev. — ! 'Avai-ayopag npbg rov 
dvocpopovvra, on krcl %£vr\g reXevra, ILavraxoftev, e(prj, 
bp,ola eorlv r) elg adov Kardbaatg. 

7. 01 TToXvrtodeg eXXox^oc rovg Ix&vg rov rpbixov 
20 rovrov vnb ralg nerpacg Kadrjvrai, Kal eavrovg elg ri)v 

eke£vg)v perapopcpovoi x? 0l ^ v -> Ka ^ ^ir-pai elvai boKovoiv. 
Ol roivvv Ix&vg irpooveovoiv, ol 6e noXvnodeg avrovg 
dcpvXaKTOvg bvrag TiepibdXXovoi ralg eavrCdv -nXeKrdvaig. 
— "Inneiov Uooeidojva ripwoiv "FtXXrjveg Kal dvovoiv avrCp 

25 km 'lodpti. — 0/ KdA^ot rovg veKpovg ev j3vpaaig -ddnrovoi, 
Kal eK riov devdpov e^aprtioiv. — ! 'Ava^ayopav rov KXa£o- 
\ieviov (pact prj yeXtivrd irore b(p$r)vaL, p,r)re peidctivra. 
— Aioyevrjg ldo)v irore peipaKiov epv&piCdv, Qappec, e(prj, 
roiovrov eon rrjg dperrjg rb xP<>)pa- — Ol av&pooiroi, ovde 

30 rov depa rolg bpviaiv etcjv kXevftepov. 

8. Mdrptg b 'A-drjvalog, bv edto) xP® V0V -> ovdev eairelro 
ij p,vpplvr\g bXiyov, olvov 6e Kal ro)V aXXo)v Trdvrcjv dnei- 
%ero, irXrjv vdarog. — 'Odvovevg rov K.vKX(i)na peftvoavra 
e^ervcpXcoaev. — "Opr/pog rbv olvov dnoyviovv Xeyei. — Be- 

Zbbaiov ovdev eonv ev -&vr]rC)v j3to>- plot yap ovdelg bv 
Trpoaipelrac rpbnov. 






IX. CONTRACT VERBS. 17 

2. Middle. 

MaXXov evXatov ipoyov r\ kivowov. — Tiapd 'Avn6x<*> 
tg) MeyaXu Trpooayopev&evn, ev tgj deiirvo), npbg onXa 
(bpxovvro ov [idvov ol flaoiXecog (ptXoi, dXXd Kal avrbg 6 
QaaiXevg. — 0/ Tapdvnvot edovXevovro TioieiodaL Uvppov 
7]y£fj,6va, Kal naXelv enl rbv ttoXejiov. — 'E^nedoKX^g rrjv 5 
QaoiXeiav av~6) dtdofxevrjv Trapyrrjaaro, rr\v Xirorr\ra dr}- 
Xovon irXeov dyanrjoag. — QLXovg p,7) ra%v Krti. — Adp,mg, 
6 vai)KXr\pog, epG)rr)-&elg, rrtig eKrfjoaro rbv ttXovtov ; Ov 
XaXentig, e<p7), rbv fieyav, rbv 6e (3paxvv emnovog. — Ovroy 
necpo) ^Xfv, &>g Kal bXlyov Kal noXvv xpovov f3iG)o6[ievog. — 10 
'Kdecog fisv e^e rrpbg arravrag, XP<*> de rolg fteXrioroig. — 
El ov ededoo) anep ey£), ev olda on ovk dv eiravaco yeX&v. 
— Udvro)v earlv r\6iarov Kal XvotreXeararov, 7uoroi>g 
d\ia Kal xp^Ljiovg (piXovg Kraodat ralg evepyealaig. 

3. Passive. 

0/ p7 KoXd^ovrsg rovg KaKovg fiovXovrai ddiKelo-dac 15 
rovg dyad-ovg. — 0/ KaXcog dycjviodfievot, rtiv AaKedai- 
[LOViGiv Kal dnodavovreg ftaXXolg dvedovvro. — KXedv&rjg 
diedorj&r] enl (ptXoTrovia- v:e.vr\g yap wv, vvKrcop fiev ev rolg 
KTjTToig rjvrXei, p,e-&' i]\iepav 6e ev rolg Xoyotg eyvp,vd£ero. 
— KoXa^e rd Tradr), Iva \lt\ im' avr&v rificdpy. — 'InrroXv- 20 
rog vnb rr\g 'Apre/icdog en\iaro Kal ev Xoyoig rjv. — "Orav 
at fxeXioaai OKtprrjOCdoiv rj rrXavrj-duxjev, ol Ofirjvovpyol 
KporovoL Kporov nvd ep,p,eXrj, ov aKovovaai at \ieXiooai 
VTroarpe(f)Ovoiv. — 'Aydtiuv e(p7], rbv apxovra rpi&v delv 
lie[i,vf)0$ar irptirov fiev, ort dv&pd)7Td)v apx^i' devrepov,<25 
ort Kara vo\iovg apx^i' rpirov, on ovk del apxei. — Iiap y 
'Ivdolg 6 rexvirov TTTjpuoag x e ~ L P a V ocp'&aXfibv, -&avdr(o 
%r\\Liovrai. — Qivevg 6 \idvng rag b^eig TTenrjpojfievog t\v 
Trr\pte§r]vai 6e (paoiv avrbv vnb detiv, on npovXeye rolg 
dv&pcjTTOLg rd fieXXovra. — ILXdruv rrpog nva rQv naidcov, 30 
Mep,aoriyo<)Go dv, e<pr], el p#j G)pyi%6p,7]v. 
B2 



18 X. VERBS IN flL. 

X. VERBS IN pi. 
1. Active. 

1. Zevg rravra tl$t\olv, oittj -&eXeL. — Tl tov veupbv 6 
KO)KVTog bvlvqoL ; — AeovTg, voaovvra ovbev aXXo ovIvijol 
<pdp[Ji,aicov, el {it) fipufteig irld^rjKog. — XlXov epo)T7jdelg, tl 
XaXsTTdjrarov ; To yiyv coaicetv eavrbv, etfyfj: ixoXXa yap 

5 virb faXavriag ercaorov kavrQ) npoorc&evai \iaTi\v. — 26Awv 
Tolg ev lipvravsCcp Gvrov\ievoig \id^av napexeiv KeXeveL, 
aprov be ralg kopralg TcpoonapaTi&Fvai. 

2. Tovtov rbv vb\iov b debg re-deiicev Et tl ayadbv 
&eXeLg, uapd oeavrov Xa6e. — Ol iraXaioi rolg anodavovoiv 

10 b(3oXbv elg to CTOfia Kars^qfcav . — 'Pddcov ei; dycu&ov 
ftelvai kclkov, t\ kit Katcov eo$Xbv. — 'Adrjva ev fieay t%j 
aonidi tt\v Tr\g Yopybvog Ke<f)aXi]v dve$r\Kev. — ~Nbp,og eori 
QrjbaCfcbg, otl ovk e^eoTiv avbpl Qr)6aiG) eic&elvai tmiblov. 
— <Paol Tovg Qoivinag ovk, e% dpx^g evpelv Ta ypdjifiaTa, 

15 dXXd Tovg Tvnovg \ieradelvai fibvov. — 'AvTiyovog, b (3ao~- 
iXevg, Aibvvoov udvTa efiLfieiro, klocov TrepiTidelg t-q 
KS(paX^ dvrl btabrj^iaTog, nai -&vpaov dvTl OKrjTTTpov <pepov. 
— AvKovpyov, tov tievTa Kattebai\iovioig vbfiovg, \idXiara 
ftavfJid^G) Kal ooipcjTaTOV elvai r\yov\iai. 

20 3. Et aqdcbv rjfirjv, enolovv dv Ta Trjg drjbbvog' el KVKVog, 
Ta tov KVfcvov vvv be Xoymbg elfiL, vfivelv fie del tov 
■&ebv tovto \iov to epyov eoTiv. — Ova dyadbv ttoXvkol- 
pavlij, elg itolpavog eoTGX, elg (3aoiXevg. — 'Edv r\g <f>iXo[ia- 
#7)f, eoei , noXv\ia$r\g. — Ol AovoLTavol rratavag adovoiv, 

25 OTav ev \idxxi eiriuiOL Tolg avrLTerayfievoLg. — HvkoXov 
e<f>aotcev b Bluv tt\v elg abov bbbv K,aTa\ivovTag yap avTr\v 
iivcu. — Maplov fiev tov rraTepa ovk, lofiev, avibv be -&av- 
fid^ofiev bed Ta epya. 

4. f Q TdvTaXog ev t^ Xi\hvq avog eoT7]Kev. — TpiTTToXeficd 

30fiv tepd Kal f3o)fiovg dvecTTjoav, otl Tag rjaepovg Tpocpdg 
rjfilv edoKev tw be ttjv dXrj^eLav evpbvTL Tig vfitiv (3G)iJ,bv 
IdpvoaTO ; — 'ApiOTtivTL kioyeveL ev dyopa ol TrepLeoTcJTeg 
ovve%eg eXeyov Kvov, kvov b be, f Tfietf, elirev^ Iot& 



X. VERBS IN [Ml. 19 

Kvveg, ol fie dpiardvra TrepieorrjKare. — Ovde rbv depa ol 
avdpoTTOL rolg bpviaiv e'lojv eXev&epov, nayidag icai vecpe- 
Xag lordvreg. — Tbv Kpovov Xeyovoi rovg ita-&' eavrbv 
dv&punovg &% dyplag diairrjg elg (3iov r\\iepov fieraorr\aai. 

5. Ovdev rtiv \ii) tcaXtiv didoiai -deog' dXX' earl ravrab 
doped rvx 7 ]^ cb^oyov. — 'AttXtjv "Ofirjpog -&eolg diairav dno- 
didcoaiv. — Aidov rrapprjoiav rolg ev (ppovovoiv. — Tevdrjg 
rig da/crvXrj^pag e%(£v rjo$ie rb oxpov, lv' <bg depfiorarov 
dvadidoirj rirj yXcjrrxj. — f H (pvaig rd ddfcpva edojicev rjfilv 
Trapafiv&iav ev ralg Tvxaig. — Hpofi7]-&evg, 'lanerov vlbg, io 
to nvp Tolg dvtipuTToig edojfcev. — Ol Qoivineg Tolg "~EXXr}oi 
rd ypd\i\iara rrapadedcofcaoiv. — Qaolv 'Evpinidrjv loKparrj, 
dnodovra tl 'UpanXeirov avyypafifia, epeodai, Tl do/cel ; 
rbv de cpdvai, n A fiev ovvrjica, yevvala, olfiai de icai a fir} 
ovvrj/ca. 15 

6. 'O olvog fierpiog fiev Xr\cp§elg puvvvoi, nXeioov de 
TrapiTjOiv. — 'H -nXaoTiKT] delnvvaird eldr\ tgjv -&eoJv, tgjv 
dvdp(D7T(*)v, nai eviore nai rtiv d^pdv. — ' AirXovg 6 fivdog 
T7\g dXrjdeiag ecpv. — Ovdev -&aXdoor]g dniarorepov irXov- 
tov yap didovoa, avrov ndXiv dcpaipelrai, Kal fier' avrov 20 
dcpaipelrai rag ipvxdg' nai rig dvax&eig fierd noXXtiv 
%pr)iidTG)v, rj ovynaredv rolg xprjfiaoiv rj direoud-rj yv\ivog. 
— r H oaXafidvdpa, &g (paoi, did rov uvpbg (3adi£ovoa, 
KaraaSevvvai rb nvp. 

2. Middle. 

1. "Ore elXe rrjv Qr]6aiG)v ttoXiv 'AXe^avdpog, djredoro^ 
rovg eXev&epovg ndvrag. — 'HpatcXel rj dperrj rrjv irpoGrj- 
yoplav edero' '~H.panXr)g yap 7Tpom]yopevdrf, on dt' "Hpav 
icXeog eoxev. — f vbfiog Xeyei- ,v firj fcaredov, firj Xdfifave. 
— Zevocptivri dvovri rjfce rig etc Mavriveiag ayyeXog, 
Xeyov, rbv vlbv avrov, rbv TpvXXov, reftvdvai' ndnelvog 30 
dne^ero fiev rbv orecpavov, diereXei de -dvoyv eirei de 6 
ayyeXog TTpooe-frrjfce nai etcelvo, on vitttiv redvrjice, TrdXiv 
6 "Eevo(f)G)V enedero rbv orecpavov. — 'HpafcXijg x^P^^l 18 - 
vog rbv Xeovra, rr\v \iev dopdv r\\i<pieoaro, tw x , * a t iarl °*£ 



20 X. VERBS IN fJLi. 

expf)aaTO Kopv&i. — Ol 'A-drjvaloi tov ILeipaia e\iTtopiov ev 
[isGG) rrjg 'JZXXddog KareOTTjaavTO. — Kanbv ovdev (pverac 
ev dvdpi, -ftepeXia ^e^evoj tov (3iov OGXppoovvrjv Kal ey- 
Kpdretav. 
5 2. 'Aperrj, nav d-dvrj rig, ovk dnoXXvTai. — 'Ev Trjvoj 
ttpr\vr\ eorlv, Tjg tu> vdart olvog ov \iiyvvTai. — "Oaov ev 
iroXeficd oldrjpog dvvarat,, tooovtov ev noXiTeiaig laxvei 
Xoyog. — Ovk av dvvaio fir) Kaudv evdaifiovelv. — Ol 'A&r]- 
valot eip7](f>LoavT0, AlyivrvrCdv e/cdorci) rov fieyav dnono'ipat, 

10 rrig X Ei P®S SdtcrvXov rrjg de^tag, Iva dopv p,ev (3aord£eiv 
firj dvvcjvrai, KGJTcrjv 6e eXavveiv 6vvG)vrac. — Meya aaabv 
to p,r) dvvao"&cu cpepetv Kanov. — 2^0/tacrrt/cdf olniav npt- 
dfievog, rrjg -ftvpidog TrpoKvipag, rjpojTa rovg rraptovrag, el 
TTpeirei avT& r) oinia. — Td Tefinrj %wpdf eon neifievog 

lbfieTa%v tov 'OXvyaxov Kal rr]g "Ocarjg. 

3. Passive. 

1. '^(opaKafiev dvdpomovg ol Kal kvv&v davdro) Kal 
ittttgiv alaxpojg vnb XvTrrjg diere^rjaav. — Adcfrvtv rov (3ov- 
koXov Xeyovoi rexftevra e.KTe$r)vai ev ddfivyj, odev Kal to 
bvo\ia eXadev. — Ol eoTitivTeg tov 'AXei-avdpov rbv $lX'ltt- 

20 ttov TGJv (piXuv, to \ieXXov TtapaTe$r)oeo$ai tojv Tpayr\- 
fiaT(*)v Trepiexpycovv. — Tov YLapdvov ev Mafcedovca yd\iovg 
eGTitivTog, Tolg ovyneK,Xr\\ievoig evdeojg edoftrjoav (pcdXai, 
dpyvpal, etcaoT(x) p,la, duped. — 'llpafcXrjg tov 'IZpvfidv&Lov 
fcdnpov dcoji-ag fieTa Kpavyrjg elg %iova noXXrjv, ixapei\ievov 

25 evebpbxioev . 

2. ILXaTOV npbg 'Apiornrnov elire- 2o£ [iovco dedoTai 
Kal %Xafiv6a ev (popelv Kal paKog. — TLv dayopag eXeye, 6vo 
TavTa eK tojv $eQ>v Tolg dvdpojTTOig dedooftat KaXXiOTa, 
to T£ aXrfoeveiv Kal to evepyeTelv. — Talg Movoacg Xeyovoi 

30 napa Atbg Trjv ypa\L\iaT^v evpeoiv dodrjvat. — f O olvog elg 
Trjv laTpiKr\v xp^OLjjiGJTaTog • iroXXaKig yap Tolg irorolg (j>ap- 
fiaKoig KepdvvvTai. — Nea)^ ev 'Pa^ decKWTai, ov irpoaoj 
rrjg dyopag, ev w al eiKoveg t&v TpuiKtiv -&e£)V keIvtui. 



XI. SOME IRREGULAR VERBS. 21 

XL SOME IRREGULAR VERBS. 

1. Kpelrrov elg tcopaitag rj elg KoXaKag efineoelv ol 
aev yap veKpovg, ol de ^dvrag eodiovoiv. — 'AjreKecpev 
rjfiGjv r) "XflXa^a (3apeG)g kfirreaovaa rd Xrj'ia, Kai Xi\iov cpdp- 
fiaicov ovdev. — TZlnovrog rivbg rcov orpariidrdv rrpbg Ile- 
XonLdav, '~Eu,7T£~TG)fca[iev elg rovg TToXe\iiovg, Ti fxaXXov, 5 
elrrev, rj elg rjfidg eaelvoi ; — NZvog ^e\iipa\iiv eyrjjie, rr]v 
eTiKpaveordrrjv dnaoCJv r&v yvvatfctiv, o)v -napeiXfj^aybev . 
— f O Kdroiv (prjalv, avrbg nXelovag elXr\<bevai rroXeig, &v 
dirjyayev rjuepcov ev 'Wripta. — ILoXvg 6 xeif-iuv irdvra r) 
%tCdv KareiXr](be, Kai Xevttav&i^ovoiv oy% ol X6(pot fiovov, \q 
dXXd Kai rd KolXa rr)g yr\g. — T £2 dalfiov, bg pie elXrjxag, 
G>g TTOvrjpdg el, Kai Xvrrelg, del rrj Tvevta ovvdecjv. 

2. Etf rovrb rtveg dvoiag eXr}Xv-&aatv, uod-' vTretXrj^aGt, 
rr)v p.ev ddiKLav erroveidiorov fiev elvac, KepdaXeav de, 
rrjv de diKaioavvrjv, evdoKtfiov fiev, aXvotreXr) de. — 'Edv 15 
rd r:apeXr]Xxr&6ra \ivr)\iovevr]g, dfielvov Kai irepl rdv \ieX- 
Xovriiiv fiovXevaet,. — Maptwag evpdv avXnijg, ovg eppiipev 
'A$7)vd, f]X$ev elg epiv nepl \10voiKr\g 'AttoXXcjvl. — I/^oAacr- 
TLKog, fioyXofievog -nepdoai Trorajibv, dvr)X$ev eg rb rrXotov 
e<pi7TTTog- Trv&oiievov de nvog rr\v alriav, e<f>rj, crovdd^eiv. 20 
— TaXarCov or par id MaKedovcav Kai QeooaXtav eTredpape,' 
Kai TioXXd XerjXarovvreg elg fr)v 'Aoiav die6rjcrav. 

3. MaKapturarov ev dv&pcjnoig evrvxovvra d-nvSavelv. 
— r O ' 'EXXtjgtt ovrog eKXr)$rj dirb rr)g "YtXXrjg ev avrti 
-&avovo7]g. — HepiKXrjg rovg ev ZafiG) Te&vrjKorag eyKG)- 25 
fiid^o)v enl rov j3r)fiarog, dSavdrovg eXeye yeyovevai Kad- 
drrep rovg -deovg. — Te&vdvai, ttoAv Kpelrrov rj oY aKpa- 
oiav rr\v ipvxrjv d\iavpdoai. — 'HpaKXrjg rvx<hv d-davaolag, 
Kai duaXXayelg "Hpa, rrjv eKeivr\g dvyarepa r/ B.6r]v eyr\\iev. 
— To KaXXog rj %povog dvrjXoiaev, rj voaog e\idpavev r) 30 
de rrjg dperrjg Krrjatg av)'yr\pdoKei. — Tig ovk oldev, ola 
e-xa-Bev Upourjdevg, 6i6rt Ka& v77ep(3oXr)v cpiXdv^pcjnog 
ijv ; — AiKaia dpdaag ovfifidxov revt-ecdeov. 

4. ILoXXd XvTrrjpd 6 [Slog ev kavrti (pepei. — 'Avr)p oofybg 



22 XI. SOME IRREGULAR VERBS. 

rag ev (3lg) avfi(f)Opdg paov o'ioet tgjv aXXuv. — Meyiarov 
\lsVj Kal -&SOV fiovov, to dvajjidprrjrov yevvaioiv de, fxerd 
to a\idpTr\\ia (hg Ta^iaTa dveveyitelv. — 6d[ivpig KaXXet 
dieveyK&v Kal KiftapudLa, nepl \iovciKr\g rjpioe Movacug. — 
"Ore ol YaXaTai KaTedpafiov tt\v 'Icjviav Kal Tag TroXetg 5 
enopdovv, ev MiXtjtu) Qeop,o(popLG)v ovtcjv, Kal ovviftpoio- 
fievov yvvacKGJV ev tw lepo), b j3paxv Trjg noXeog dnexei, 
fiepog ti Tdv (3ap6dpG)v dirjX-dev elg tt\v MtXTjOiav, Kal 
ei-antvaicog erndpa/jLov elXe Tag yvvaiKag. — r H 2<f>iyt;, Oldi- 
nodog to avTTjg alviy\ia evpovTog, ek GKoneXov eavTrjv 10 
pfyaoa dvelXev. — 'AdfirjTOV fxeXXovTog ftavelv, v AXK7]GTtg 
elXeTO vnep avTOv ^.dvaTov. — AeyeTai oti 6 Aepvalog b<f>ig 
TrevTTjKOVTa KecpaXag el%e t G&\ia de ev Kal orroTe 'HpaKXrjg 
d(peXoLTO Ke(paXfjv \11av, dvo dvecpvovTO. 

5. TXavKog, 6 I^iav^ov vlbg, v(f>' LTnruv KaTe6pG)$r}. — 15 
Qaolv 'AKTalcjva p,ev vnb tCjv Idiojv kvvuv KaTa6pG)-&rjvar 
ttoXXoI de vnb KoXaKOJV Kal 7rapaoLT0)v KaTa6ifpG)OK0VTai. 
— KvKvog, vn' 'AxiXXecog TrXrjyelg Xi$(f>, ovk eTpG)$r)' b$ev 
aTpcjTog yeyovevai XeyeTai. — Mivo)g, 6 KprjTTjg fiaoiXevg, 
AaldaXov Kal "iKapov Kadelp^e- AaidaXog de T0i7\aag nTep- 20 
vyag TTpoofteTag e^eixTT) \ieTa tov 'IKapov.- — f O de "iKapog 
TeXevTa ev ra> neXdyer o$ev an' eKeivov 'iKaptov neXayog 
eKXrf&T). — $pi%og p,a$(bv oti iraTTjp ai)TOv fieXXei dvecv, 
Xa6(bv ttjv ddeXcprjv avTov Kal kvabdg gvv avTf/ enl Kptbv, 
61a Trjg $aXdoo7]g a<pLKeTO elg tov JZvi-etvov ttovtov. 25 

6. MrjdenoTe [irjdev alo~xpbv Troirjoag eXiri^e Xr\ceiv Kal 
yap dv Toi)g aXXovg Xd^rjg, oavTib ye ovveidrjoetg. — TLvp- 
pog, enel ovp,6aX£yv Tolg 'PcjfjLaioig dig eviKrjae, iroXXovg 
tcov (piXov Kal 7jyefi6vo)v drroXeaag, "Av etl \iiav, e(p7j, 
\idx7]v ( To)fiaiovg viKr\GU\Lev, dnoXuXafiev. — Qe\iiOTOKXr\g 30 
Tr\g 'TLXXddog eKneacjv, irXovoiog yevdfievog, npbg Tovg 
Traldag elnev y £l naldeg, aTTGiXofie-da dv, el fii) aToX<x>Xei\iev. 

7. Ovdelg dv&pcjncjv 7j^lcj-&7} Tolg -deolg dfiiXelv, ixXr\v 
boot fieTeaxrjuaai KaXXovg. UeXoip yap tovtov X^P lv 
dfjbfjpooiag p,eTeox s > Kai Tavvfirjdrjg, Kal dXXoi Tiveg. — f O 35 
Qr]oevg t?)v 'EXevrjv rjpnaoe, Hetpiftovv irapaXadcbv koivg)~ 



XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 23 

vovvra, real \LEyiGrr\v egx ev o.vru> x^P tv r % ovftpaxCtzg 
ravrr/g. r H yap 'EXevtj ixXelarov \iipog jiereaxfjue kclX- 
Xovg. — Aavabg e$- Alyvnrov (pvyd)v 'Apyog Kareoxev. 

XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 

1. Ol Ilepoai dvovoi nvpl, Kal EiucpopovvrEg avra> rr\v 
5 irvpbg rpocprjv, XsyovGf Tivp, dsGnora, eg$le. — Ol Alyim- 
riot -drjpLa rcfiGJac, Kal ol. avrcjv -dsol dno$vr]GKovGi, Kal 
Trev&ovvTdL, Kal d&LKvvvrai rdtyoi $eg)V. — Tolg p,sv did rov 
r\Xlov 7ropevo{ievoLg errerac Kar' dvdyKrjv otad- rolg 6e Sid 
rrig ^o^rjg (3adl£ovGiv aKoXov&El <p$6vog. — To ead-lecv noX- 

10 Xd rovg fiev Xoyca/iovg ei-aipeZ, Kal rag ipv%dg noislrai 
Ppadvrspag, opyrjg 6e Kal GKXrjporrjrog E[jnTi[jL7rXr)Giv. — f O 
'Addfiag, dvvaorevov Bocoriag, ek NecbeXrig tekvol fiEV 
nalda $pi%ov, -&vyar£pa 6e e, EXXr]v av&ig 6e 'Ivcb yap,d, 
k% r)g avrti Asapxog Kal MsXtKEprrig kyivovro. 

15 2. 'ApiGro<pdvrjg Xiysi nspl rov TLEpiKXiovg, ore rJGrpair- 
tev, Edpovra, %vv£KVKa rrjv 'EXXdda. — 'Ev tg> ILeXottov- 
vrjOLaKG) iroXEfiG) slg dvr)p, 6 UspiKXrjg, k^cop^ov rr)v rroXcv, 
Kal dvcaTTj, Kal dvrErdrrEro Kal tw Xoifico Kal tw 7toXe[j,g). 

3. 'AXs^avdpog, ote evikt/gs kapslov, dniGTEiXE rolg 
20 "~EXXrjGi -&EOV avrbv iprjfiiGaG-dai. — "Hpa 6vo dpaKOvrag 

dTTEGTEiXsv, dvaXcjGovrag 'HpaKXsa, etl (3p£(pog bvra. — f O 
6e iralg ov KararrXayslg EKarspa r&v x et P<*> v T0V avx EVa 
G<piy%ag, aTTEnvi^s rovg dpaKOvrag. — Kovcjv r%j nspl Kvi- 
6ov vavfiaxia viKrjGag AaKE$ai\ioviovg, £Kar6fj,6rjv &vGag, 

25 ndvrag 'A&r]vaLovg EiGriaGE. — Tig Xoifibg r] GELGfibg roG- 
avrag TroXsig ekevgjgev, r) roGavra ysvrj dv&pcjiruv r\$dv- 
lgev r] KarsdvGSV, OGa r) rCJv fiaGiXiwv (piXortp,ta ; — 'A{h]vd 
K.dd/.i(x) fiaGiXsiav KarEGKEvaGE- Zsvg 6s e6g)kev avraj 
yvvacKa 'Apfioviav, Kal navrsg $sol, KaraXinovreg rov 

30 ovpavbv, ev tt? Kadfieip rov yd\iov £vo)xovfievoc dvv\ivr\- 
Gav. — f O "Espi-rig tg5 Grparon£d(x) ettXevge fisv did rr)g 
fjnsipov, knopEVGE 6e did rr)g -daXaGGTjg, rbv jjlev ''EXXtjg- 
novrov ^Ev^ag, rbv 6s "A#gj diopv^ag. 

4. 'O Zsvg rolg tisolg drrEtXfjGag, "Hv e$eXt]GG), scprj, syd) 



24 XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 

fiev ek rov ovpavov oeipav KadrjGG), vjiEtg 6\ rjv anofcpejji- 
aaftevTeg j3id^r)G-&e [jle, \idrr\v ttovtjgete- ov yap di) Kad- 
eXkvgete- el 6' eyo) E$EXr\Gai\ii, ov fiovov vfidg, dXXd 
Kal rr)v yr)v dfia Kal rr\v ■ddXaooav GvvaprrjGag p,ETEG)piG). 
— TLvdayopag 6 %d\Lioq ixpdrog kv rolg "'FaXX^olv kroXfirj- 5 

OEV eItTELV, OTl TO fl£V OCOfiO, TE"$Vr)%ETai, 7] 61 IpVxfj dva. 

Trrdaa ol%7}OETaL dftdvarog Kal dyrjpoyg. — 'JZfjLTTEdofcXfjg rr)v 
t£)V 'AKpayavrivo)v Tpv<p?jv Id&v, eXejev ' AKpayavrlvot 
rpv(pC)Ot p,EV cog avpiov aTTodavovp-Evou, oiniag 6e Kara- 
GKEvd^ovrai G)g rcdvra rov %povov (3lg)g6[jlevol. — 'UpaKXrjg 10 
rrjv 'UGLovrjv 16g)v ktjtel ekkeljjlevtjv ', imsGxero g&geiv 
avrfjv, el rag limovg rov Aaop,s6ovrog XrjipErai.. 

5. Td) 'AXoECog nalds, drao$dX(x> ovte, 6'inag knGarrjv, 
y KXifiana knl rov ovpavov ETTOtrjodo^Tjv . — ILoXXd 7\aav kv 
rolg iraXaiolg xpovotg -&E&V dydXfiara, u)v ra [aev 6l' ek- 15 
TrXrjt-iv EGE6do$7), ra 6e did rb ndXXog knrjVE^rj. — Mrjdk- 
ttote knl [irjdEvbg EiTTXjg, on dnuXsoa avrb, dXX' on dixi- 
dd)fca' rb rraidiov dni&avEV ; aTTEdoftr] • rb xajptov d^ps- 
#7/ ; ovkovv Kal rovro aTTEdodr]. — 'A/craicov rpacpElg napd 
XEiptevt,, tcvvrjybg kdiddx'&'r], Kal vorspov KarE6pu)dr] kv 20 
tgj 'K.L$aipG)VL virb tcdv 16lg)v kvvuv. 

6. Td xprjfiara rolg irXovoloig r) rvxr\ ov dEdojprjrai, 
dXXd dsddvELKEV. — 'AXs^dvdpov r) gktjvt] TToXvrsXrjg r\v 
Xpvool yap niovEg 6iEiXr\(bEcav avrfjv, Kal rbv bpocpov 
di&xpvoog rjv, Kal EKTTEnovqro ToiKiX\iaGi ttoXvteXegc. — 25 
YLal npcoroi \iev Uspoat TTEvraKOOtot nspl avrr)v eigt7]ke- 
cav, 7zop(f)Vpdg Kal firjXlvag r\G§r\\LEVoi oroXdg- kn' avrolg 
6s ro^brai xlXioi, (f)X6yiva EvdsdvKorEg Kal vGyivobaqyq. 

7. Tvcodt uavrov fii) rcoXXd XoXev rbv TETEXEvrr^Kora 
fiaKapt^E- rovg 7rp£o6vrEpovg ge6ov tj yXtiood gov pr/ 30 
TrporpEx^ro) rov vov- #vp,ov Kparsr ddtKovfiEvog diaXXaG- 
gov, v6pi^6iJLEvog 6e rifKopov. — $IXg)v irapovrov Kal dnov- 
TG)v \ii\ivr\Go. 

'Aydna rbv ttXtjglov v6jj,(a) ttei$ov tisovg ge6ov yovslg 
aldov- apxe GEavrov' npovoiav rl\ia' KaKiag dixExov. %pov- 35 
ov (pEidov opa to [ieXXov GO(polgxp&- — Aadiov dirodog • rb 



XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 25 

avfitpepov drjpu)' errt puf^qg fj,fj Kav%& kclkoIoi pi) TrpoaofjL- 
iXei dvdpdaiv, dXX' del tgjv dyadtiv (few &eovg deididf 
enlopKov fii) enbfivvfii. 

'M.ivojg. f O pev XqoTTjg ovTog eg tov ILvpKpXeye&ovTa 
5 efi6e6Xr]<j&G)' 6 d' UpbovXog virb T7]g Xipaipag diaoirao- 
$t]tg)' 6 6e Tvpavvog vnb tgjv yvntiv tceipeodoj to r\ixap % 
vpelg de ol dyadol dniTe eg to 'HXvoiov nedlov, nai Tag 
[MLicdpGjv vrjoovg tcaToacecTe, dv$' d)v diaaia enoieiTe kclto, 
tov (3lov. 

10 8. iGjfcpdTrjg eXeye, Tovg pev dXXovg avftpajnovg £§v, 
Iva eo&ioiev, avTov de eoti-ieiv iva £gjt]. — f O avTog tj^iov 
Toi>g veovg ovvex&g fcaTonTpi£eo-&ai, iv\ el pev naXoi elev, 
d£ioi ylyvocvTO' el de alaxpol, naideia ttjv dvoeideiav 
emfcaXvTTTOtev. — ^oXgjv epG)T7}$eig, nolg dv prj yiyvoiTO 

15 dditcrjiia ev txj rrbXei, elnev, El opoiojg dyavafCTolev ol 
p) ddinovpevoL Tolg ddwovpevoig. — liv&ayopag epo)T7)$eig, 
Tr&g dv olvo<f)Xvi; tov pedveiv navoaiTO, Et ovvex&g, e(fyrj, 
-&eo)poL7] t& vn' avTov npaaaopeva. — 'Avdxapoig epojTrj- 
#elg, rrtig dv Tig pi) pe-BvanoiTO, Et, ecpr], bp<l>r\ Tovg pe&v- 

20 ovTag ola ixoiovai. — Qebnopnog irpbg tov epcoTrjaavTa, rrcjg 
dv Tig dcrtpaXaJg Trjpoirj tt)v (3aaiXeiav, E2 Tolg pev (piXoig, 
e<f)7), fieTaStdolr] Trapprjaiag difcaiag, Tovg de dpxopevovg 
KOLTa dvvapiv pr) nepiopoj?] dditcovpevovg. 

Evayopag tooovtov Talg tov oojpaTog kclI Talg Trjg 

25 ipvxiS dpeTalg dirjveyicev, ware, orrdre pev avTov bp&ev ol 
TOTe fiaoiXevovTeg, efCTrXrjTTeo^ai nai (f)o6eio$ai irepl T?jg 
dpx^g' bnoTe de elg Tovg Tporrovg dirotXeipaiev , ovtcj 
o<podpa moTevecv, &gte ftal el Tig dXXog ToXpcprj nepl 
avTovg e^apapTaveiv, vopi^eiv 'Evayopav avTOig eoeo$ai 

30(3o7)$bv. — 0/ noL7]Tal TOiovTovg Xoyovg irepl tCjv deuv 
elpTjicaaLV, ovg ovdeig dv nepi t&v ex$ptiv ToXfirjaece 
Xeyeiv, 

'EvKXeidTjg 6 SotcpaTLicbg, dttovcag tov ddeX<pov Xeyov- 
Tog~ 'ATToXoifirjv, el \ir\ oe TifiGjpTjoaifjLTjv, 'Eyo) 6e, elirev, 

35 el \lt\ oe fyiXelv i\\idg Txeiaai\ii. — Et Tig tov Trjg evuXeiag 
epo)Ta enbdXoL e« tov (3iov, ti dv Iti dyadbv f\\Civ yevoiTO, 



26 XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 

7} rig av tl Xap,irpbv epydoacdai em$vp,f}Geiev ; — T<J3 avr& 
<j>VG7]fj,ari to fiev nvp avanavoeiag av, tcai fiel^ov itoi7\Geiag 
kv fipaxei, Kal to tov Xvxvov (pug a-Koahiouag. — Md/Uora 
av evdoKi\ioir\g, el tpalvow Tai>Ta fii) rrpdrToyv, a rolg 
aXXotg av irpaTTOvatv emTifi&rjg. — El anavTeg pi^Gaiybe- 5 
$a ttjv AanedaLfjLOvlcjv dpyiav nai nXeovet-iav, evdvg av 
aTToXoifie'&a' el de ToXg tgjv AlyvnTiuv xpijo$ai vo]il\ioig 
$ovXr\§eir\\iev , evdaifiovcjg av tov (3lov dcaTeXoifiev. 

9. SufcpdTrjg Xeyei twv aXXcjv avSpcjiroyv dta^epecv, 
Kadoaov ol fiev ^tiaiv, lv' eG#LG)Giv, avTog de ea-&iec, Iva 10 
tfq. — Qecopei cjanep ev naTOTTTpcd Tag aavTov irpdt-eig, Iva 
rag p,ev naXdg eniKoafixig, Tag d' aloxpdg KaXimTyg. — f O 
HiTTanog tg> p,e$vovTL, edv d\idpTiq, dinXfjv tyftdav edr}nev, 
Iva [i7j fiedvoiev ol ttoXItcu. — Tov olvov rjv nlvq Tig fieT- 
piug, to ao)[jia tivrjoe, ttjv de ^vx?jv ovtc edXaxpev rjv de 15 
7tivxj rcpbg vTcep6oXrjv, Kal rjdr) p,e-&vGKrjTai, aloxpd irdaxei, 
tcai yeXolov tiea/ia Tolg aXXotg irapexei. — 'An6XX(*>v $7-77- 
caTO rcapa tcov Moiptiv, iva, orav v Ad\ir\Tog fieXXy TeXev- 
rav, dnoXydeiT] tov davdrov, av knowing Tig virep avTOV 
"dvr]GKeiv eXryrai. — Hofinrfiov Kal KaiGapog dcaGTavTG)v, 6 20 
Kifcepuv e<pr], TcyvcjGico) bv (f)vyo), fir) yiyvoJGKG)v npbg bv 
<j)vyG). — Ol dpaneTai, Kav fir) did)KG)VTai, <f>o6oi>VTaL, ol de 
acjypoveg, Kav \ir\ KaKiog npaTTCOGi, TapdrTOVTOi. 

Ol KprjTeg Toijg naldag fiavddvetv Tovg vo\iovg KeXevovGi 
\ierd Tivog fieXoydlag, 'Iva m Tr)g \iovGim\g ipvxaycjyoJVTai, 25 
Kal evKoXd)Tepov avTovg txj \ivr\\ir] 7TapaXafj,f3dvo)GLV. — 
Atoyevrjg Idcbv to^6tt\v a<pvr), irapd tov gkottov eKa$ioev, 
elrctiv, "Iva ur) ixXrryd. 

— Xo)plg tcjv dvayKaluv KaKdv 
avTol nap' avTcov erepa TxpoGnopi^o\iev' 30 

Xvnov\ie& , r)v TTTaprj Tig- r)v e'cny KaKtig, 
6pyi%6[ie&'- rjv ld%] Tig evvnvwv, G(f>6dpa 
(podovfieft'. rjv yXavg avaKpdyQ, dedotKa^iev. 

10. ''Ediddx&'T] 'HpaKXijg apfiaTrjXaTelv ftev vnb 'Afupir- 
jpvuvog' TtaXaieiv de vnb tov AvtoXvkov ro^eveiv de35 



XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 27 

vtto Evpvrov onXofiaxelv de vnb Kdaropog' Kt&apoydelv 
de vnb Alvov ovrog de vnb 'KpaKXeovg ry Kiftdpa nXrjysig 
anedavev' emnXf)%avra yap avrov opyiodelg dneKreivev. 
Hv&ayopag Xiyerai rrapeyyvav rolg padr/ralg, rovg 
5 npEodvrspovg rtfiav, p,r) b\ivvvat deovg, dvofila noXEfiElv, 
<pvrbv rjfispov \ir\rz (f)-&eipeiv p,rjre OLveodat, fivf)p,rjv aOKEiv, 
ev opyrj firjre n Xiysiv, \ir\rE npdooEtv. — XeIXgjv, slg rojv 
knra Goty&v npoosrarrs, yXurrrjg fcparelv, p,r] KaKoXoyslv 
rolg nXr/Oiov, yfjpag rLfiav, ^t'av alpelo-dac \iaXXov r\ 

10 Kepdog alaxpbv, drvxovvri \ir\ kmyeXav, vofiotg n£i-&EO-&au 

Kddp,ov (fxioi rbv 'Ayrjvopog ek §oiviKr\g vnb rov (3aoiX- 

eog dnooraXrjvaL npbg %V 7 " 3 l aiv T 1S 'Evpaynr/g, svroXdg 

Xa66vra, rj rr)v napdsvov dyayelv, r) fir) dvaKap,nr£LV elg 

rr]v $oi,viK7)v. Mr) dvvdfievov de avsvpslv, dnoyv&vai rr)v 

15 kg olfcov dvaKOfiidrjv, Kal Kara riva xprjGp,bv Krioai rag 
Of)6ag. 'F,vrav$a de KaroiKr\aavra yr\\iat \iev 'Apuoviav, 
yevvrjoat de e% avrr\g ILepLiXrrv, nal 'Ivco, Kal Avrovorrv t 
Kal 'Ayavrjv 

1 1 . Aeyerai 'EfnredotcXfig elg rovg Kparijpag rr)g Alrvrjg 

20 evdXaodat, Kal dcpavLO&ijvaL, ^ovX6\ievog rrjv nepl avrov 
(pTjfirjv (3e6aLG)oai, on yeybvoi ■fteog' varepov de ywo&rjvai, 
dvappLTna'deLGTjg avrov fitag rdv Kpryniduv %aXKag yap 
eldiaro vfiodelodai. 

To jiev eyKaXeaai Kal kniripJqaai padtov rb de, bncog 

25 rd napovra peXrioj yivrrrai, avp,6ovXevoaL, rovr y e/Mppovog 
ovfidovXov epyov. — Qebv p,ev vor\aai %aXeTtbv, cppdoai de 
ddvvarov rb yap doufiarov ocjjjLari, ar\\ir\vai ddvvarov. 

01 'Ad7]valoL rbv 'Epcx^ovLOV ek rrjg yr\g dvado-&r)vai 
<j>aoi, Kal rovg np&rovg dvdpcjnovg ek rrjg 'ArriKrjg dva- 

30 <pvvac ol Qrjf3alot de &i- bepeog odovrcjv dvdpag dva- 
6e6Xaarr]Kevat Xeyovatv. — Ol Nd^ot [ivBoXoyovai rbv A16- 
vvaov nap' avrolg rpa(pr)var Kal did rovro rfjV vr\aov 
avrti yeyovevai v:poa^>iXeordrr\v . 

Aoyog karl ArjXov rf]v vrjoov, nplv \lev avftpunoig 

35 (pavrjvai rbv 'ArroXXuva, rep nsXdyEi KpV7rrEO$ac, (pavev* 



28 XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 

rog 6s rov &sov dva6pa\islv sk rdv fiv&tiv Kai Grr\vai kv 
\isGOig rolg Kv\iaoiv. 

12. 'Avagayopag Xsysrai aGstsiag Kptdrjvcu, 6iori rbv 
7\kiov \w6pov sXsys diaixvpov dnoXoyrjGafjisvov 6s vnsp 
avrov ILepLttXeovg, nevre raXdvroig £,r\\md$r\vai Kai <pvya- 5 
devtirjvat. — ^xoXaoriKog voGovvra sinGKS7zr6jj,svog, Tjpiora 
TTEpi T7\g vyisiag- 6 6s ovtc r\6vvaro diroKpi$r\vav bpyioftslg 
ovv, 'EXITING), s(p7), naps vogtjgsiv, nai sX-^ovn ooi fiij 
ano/cpiveZo&ai,. — Asysrat, rr\v Xlfiaipav rpa(pr\vai \isv imb 
*AfiLao,)6dpov, ysvvr\^i]vai 6s sk TvcpcJvog Kai 'F>%i6v7)g. 10 

Zep^Tjg (bg snvtisro rbv 'EXXtjottovtov kfrvxtiai, nai 
rbv "Atfto 6ieoicd(f>dcu, irporjyev sk tCjv I,dp6eG)v. — f O ILXd- 
rcjv rolg jis-dvovat gvvs6ovXsvs Karonrpi&Gdar dixoari]- 
oeoftai yap rijg roiavrr\g do%7]\L0Gvvr\g. 

Kai $£)v 6 <f>avXog nai -dav&v KoXd^srai. — Ol 6sX<blveg 15 
dvaoKipr&vrsg , )<Ei\i£iva smovra \it\vvovgiv. — Ol nspl rrjv 
SaXa/uva 6iarpibovrsg 'Adrjvaloi, dsoypovvrsg rrjv 'Arn- 
Krjv nvp7ToXovfjLsv7}v, Kai rb rs\isvog rrjg 'A&rjvag dnovov- 
reg KareGKafyftai, 6sLv£Jg t)$v\lovv. 

Aal6aXog rrptirog rtiv dyaXp,drG)v rd gkeXt) 6iabsbr\KO- 20 
ra, Kai rag %sipag 6iarsra\isvag ttolgjv, £covra dydXfiara 
KaraoKEvd£eo"&ai sXsysro. Ol yap npb avrov rsxvlrai 
KarsoKSva^ov ra dydX\iara rolg \lsv b\i\iaGi \is\wKora^ 
rag 6s %slpag e%ovra KafisLfisvag, Kai ralg irXsvpalg k&koX- 
XT\\isvag. 25 

13. BaGKavov nvbg sGKvdponaKorog, 6 Blcjv, *H tovtg), 
e(f)7), KaKbv ysyovsv 77 aXXtd dyadov. — f O avrbg Trpbg 
rbv rd %upia Kars67]6oKora, Tbv p,sv 'AfMpLapaov, s<}>7), rj 
yi\ Karsme, gv 6s rr\v yrjv. — Tbv Mlvcj fisdaGLXsvKora 
voiiifKorara, Kai \idXiGra 6iKaioGvvr\g 7TS(f>povrLK6ra, 6tKaG- 30 
rf\v KaxV a6ov dno6e6Elx$at> XsyovGt. — Td irai6ia i dxpi 
yivrpai rsrrapaKOvra rjfJLEpCJv, syprf/opora p,sv ov ysXa, 
ov6e 6aKpvsi, vnvovvra 6s d\i$6rspa. 

14. Adfiaxog snerlfia rivl r&v Xoxay&v a\iaprdvovri' 
rov 6s (prjGavrog, fJLTjKsri rovro ttolyjgelv, Ovk eGriv, slnsv, 35 
kv TToXsfjM*) 6lg d(iaprdvsLV. — A^fioa^ev^, XoL6opovp,svov 



XII. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF THE VERBS. 29 

nvbg avT(x>, Ov ovyfcaradaivG), elixev, elg dytiva, sv & 6 

7JTTG)fl£V0g TOV VIKCJVTOg EOTL ftpeiTTGJV. 

El Tig OLETCLL TEpTTVOTEpOV slvOl TOV EV aOTEl (3lOV TOV 

kv dypolg, Evdviirj^TO) rrpbg kavrbv, olov \lev eoti fioTpvg 
5 bpav e% afJLTTEXov K,pE\La\LEVov<;, olov 6e ISelv Xrj'ia Zscpvpcjv 
avpaig KivoviiEva, olov 6e dtcovaat fiotiv fivKUfiEvcjv nai 
7rpo6drcjv (3X7jxo)^evg)v, olov 6s ■dsafia dap-aXsig OKiprtioai 
nai sXicovaai ydXa' kfioi yap Sokel rd ev rolg -&Earpoig 
dsLKvvfXEva fiTjdsv elvai rtpbg rrjv an' ekelvcjv tjSovtjv. 

10 Mv&oXoyovoi rrjv ArjfiTjTpav, firj dvvajiEvrjv svpslv rrjv 
■ftvyarspa, Xafinddag ek rwv Kara rr\v Altvtjv fcparrjpov 
dvaipafiEvrjv, etteX-^elv ettl noXXd fisprj T7Jg oinov\iEV7\g, 
tgjv 6' dv$pddir(x)v Tovg \idXiara ravrrjv npoods^ajiEvovg 
EVEpyETTjoai, rbv tgjv nvpdv napnbv avTid(x)p7\oa\L£vr\v. 

15 Tov KpQVov rd kavrov rsKva naTEoftiovrog, 6 Zsvg, 
nXaneig vnb rr\g 'Fsag, nai kg rr\v Kpr)T7]V EKTE-&Eig, vn' 
alybg dv£Tpd(p7). — f O "Itcapog, 6 tov AaiddXov vlbg, raniv- 
rog avrch rov fcrjpov, nai rtiv irrEp&v nepippvevTW, elg rb 
TTeXayog evettltttev. 

C2 



SECOND COURSE. 
EXERCISES IN READING. 

FABLES AND ANECDOTES. 

I. FABLES. 

1. The Wolf. 
Avicog Idcbv TTOifievag eodiovrag ev gktjvx/ 7rp66arov, 
eyyvg TTpooeXd&v, 'HXiKog, ecprj, av r\v $6pv6og, el eyd> 

TOVTO ETTOIOVV ! 

2. The Lioness. 
Aeaiva, ovei6i^o\ievt\ vtto aXuneicog, enl rb did navrbg 
eva rUreiVj "Eva, ecprj, dXXd Xeovra. 5 

3. The Gnat and the Ox. 
Koj^cot/j enl tceparog (3obg kKa-&£G$7) nai rjvXer sine 6e 
npbg rbv (3ovv, Et (3apcj gov rbv revovra, dva^cjprjGO). 
*0 6e £<prj, Ovrs ore ^Xdeg eyvov, ovre edv pevng, \lzXt\gei 
\ioi. 

4. The Peasant and the Serpent. 
Tecjpybg, xu\idvog &pa, bcbtv evpdv vtto tcpvovg Trenrj- 10 
yora, rovrov Xa(3o)v vnb koXttov Kare^ero. Qepp,av$eig 
6e eneZvog, nai dvaXa6C)v rrjv Idiav (pvGiv, enXrjt-e rbv 
evepyerrjv. 

5. The Fox and the Grapes. 
Borpvag neneLpovg aX^ni]!; npz\ia\ikvovg IdovGa, rovrovg 
eneipaTO Karacpayelv. ILoXXd de KafiovGa nai firj dvvr)- 15 
tielGa ipavGai, rr\v Xvtttjv Trapafivdovfievrj, eXeyev, "O/z^a- 
Keg en bIglv. 



32 FABLES. 

6. The Kid and the Wolf. 
"JZpuftog ent nvog 6o)[iarog kar&g, enecdij Xvkov napi- 
ovra eldev, eXotdopet real EOKunrev avrov. f 6e XvKog 
£077, T £2 ovrog, ov av fie Xoidopelg, dXXd 6 ronog. 

7. The Boy bathing. 
TLalg, Xovadfisvog sv nora/iti, ekivSvveve nviyrjvar Kal 
5 ldu)V riva irapodirrjv, enefiuvei, Borjdrjoov . f 6s e\ie\l- 
<psro tw iraidl rr\v roX\ir\plav. To 6s nai6iov elnev, 
'AXXa vvv \ioi porj&qoov, varspov 6s aoftsvri p,E[j,<j)OV. 

8. The Dog and the Fox. 

Kvgjv S^pevrLnog, Xsovra ld£>v, rovrov e6lg)kev &g 6s 

ETUOTpacpeig Enslvog e6pv^rjaaro, 6 kvov (potrfdeig elg rd 

10 ottiog) sepvysv. ' AX&Txrfe 6s -&eaoap,ev7) avrov E(p7], r Q 

Kaicrj KEcpaXrj, av Xsovra s6io)Ksg, ovrivog ov6s rbv (3pvx7]Q- 

ubv vnrjveyKag ; 

9. The Wolf and the Lamb. 

AvKog dfivov e6lg)kev. r O 6e slg vabv Karsfyvys. Tipoa- 

KaXov\isvov 6s rov Xvkov rbv dfivov, Kal Xsyovrog, on 

15 $voiaoEL avrov 6 Ispsvg tgj #£w, EKslvog E<p7) npbg avrov, 

'AXX' alpercjrspov \ioi sari #£g5 ftvaiav slvai, rj virb aov 

6ia<p$ap7\vai. 

10. The Ass in the Lion's Skin. 

"Ovog dopav Xsovrog ETrsvdv&Eig, Xecjv svo\ii^sro naai, 

Kal (pvyrj \isv rjv dv&pcJTcojv, (pvyrj 6s Trotfivfov. 'tig 6e 

2Qavs[jLog, fiiaiorspov nvsvaag, syv\ivov avrov rov rrpoKa- 

Xvufiarog, rore navreg EiudpafiovrEg t-vXotg Kal pondXoLg 

avrov snaiov. 

11. The Woman and the Hen. 

Tvvrj rig %i]pa bpviv ££%£, Ka$' EKaarrjv rjfispav ebbv 

avrrj rtKrovaav. No[iiaaoa ds, <hg, el nXstovg r^ bpvidi 

25 Kpifiag napa6dXoi, dig rst-srat, rr\g rjfiepag, rovro ttettoltjkev. 

f H 6s bpvig irijiEXfjg ysvo\isvr\ ovd' anal; rijg 7]fispag reKslv 

7]6vvaro. 



ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 33 

12. The Birds and the Peacock. 
Tg5v 6pvl-&o)v fiovXofJLEVW noLTJoat (3aaiXea, ratic eavrbv 
7]!;lov did to ndXXog x u ? 0T0VElv - Alpovfievcjv 6s tovtov 
rtiv dXXov, 6 noXoibg vToXat&v e<fnp 'AXX' ££, gov (3aoi- 
?^evovroc, 6 aerbc rj[J.dg KaradcdJiteLV eruxeiprjoec, nCJg i\\uv 
enapfceoeig ; 



II. ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 



1 . Ztjvov dovXov etci uXonrj EfiaGTiyov. Tov 6e eIttov- 
Tog, 'El/jbapro \ioi KXsipat, Kai dapjjvcu, s<f>7]. — 2. Hpbg to 
(pXvapovv fieipdrciov, Aid tovto, elns, 6vo (Lto, exo^iev, 
GTOfia 6s ev, Iva ttXelg) fisv dKovoy/xsv, tyttovo, 6e XsycjfiEV. 
— 3. NEaviGtcov rcoXXd XaXovvTog, Zrjvcov scprj, Td &T& 10 
gov slg tt]v yXtJGGav Gvv£ppvr\K£v. — 4. Ztjvcjv, ' AvTcyovov 
7rpEo6Etg ' 'A$r]va£s nsfiipavTog, KXr]$Eig vtt' avTGJv gvv 
aXXotg (jyiXoGocpoig ettI SeIttvov, fcd(tELV(*)v irapd ttotov 
G7tev66vtg)v EmdEiiivvo'&ai TTjv clvtgjv TToXvfiaMav, avTbg 
EGiya. T6)v 6s TrpEGdscjv %7]tovvtg)v, ti anayyEiXoGi 15 

TTEpl aVTOV TVpbg 'AVTLyOVOV ; TOVT' CLVTO, E(p7], j3A£7T£T£, 

faXoGotyov Eivai ev 'A-&r]vaig Giydv Ei:iGTd\iEvov. 

Aristotle. 
5. 'ApiGTOTEXrjg, bv£i&i£,6\LEv6g ttote, otl TtowqpCd av- 

$p(x)T7G) eXe7]\L0GVV7]V e6g)K£V, Ov TOV TpOTTOV, £07/, dXXd 

tov av$pG)7rov ?]XE7]Ga. — 6. Tovg ' A&rjvaiovg EtfyaoKsv £t>-20 
pr\\iivai Tzvpovg Kai vo\iovg' dXXd rrvpolg p,sv %prj<r&ai t 
vofiotg 6s fxrj. — 7. Hpbg tov Kavx^)f^£vov, cjg dnb \iEydXr\g 
TToXscog £17], Ov tovto, £07/, 6eZ gkqtteZv, dXX' el Tig fiEyd- 
Xr\g naTpidog d^tog egtiv. — 8. 'JZpuTTjdEig, ntig dv npo- 
kotttolev oi fmdtfTaZ, £(f)7), '~E,dv, Tovg npOExovTag dcuitov- 25 
TEg, Tovg vGTEpovvTag p,rj dvap,£V(DGtv. — 9. '~EpG)T7]d£ig, 
TTGJg dv Tolg (piXotg TrpoGcpEpoifZEda, £(pr), 'Qg dv Evi;aifiE$a 



34 ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 

avrovg r\\uv Trpoacpepeodai. — 10. *ApiOTOTeXrjg, evoxXovfie- 
vog imb ddoXecxov, nai KonTOfievog aTonoig rial dirryr)- 
fiaai, TroXXdicig avrov XeyovTog, Ov davfjiaoTOv 6 ti Xeyco ; 
Ov rovro, <f>rjai, -^av^iaorbv, dXX' el Tig ixodag e^w ere 
5 vnofievei. 

Plato. 

11. JlXdroyv ftpaovvofievov iddjv nva npbg rbv eavrov 

narepa, Ov iravoei, fieipdiciov, e r nre> tovtov ttarafypovCzv, 

di' ov \ieya fypovelv d^iolg; — 12. ILXdrov, dpyi^dfievog 

nore tgj oIk&txi, emordvrog ZevoKpaTovg, Aadobv, ecprj, 

10 rovrov, fiaaTlyo)Gov eyC) yap bpyi^ofiai. 

Socrates. 

13. Upbg 'AXicididdrjv elnovTa, ovk dveKTr) r) AavM-rim] 

Xoidopovoa, Ov nai av, elne, XH V & V (3oo)vt(ov ave^st ; — 14. 

f H Aav&innrj etyrj, fivptoyv fisratoXdv Trjv ttoXiv nai avrovg 

KdTaoxovotiv, ev irdaaig ojioiov to HuicpdTovg npooonov 

15 dedoaodai, nai irpoiovTog en Trjg oliciag, nat enaviovTog. 

Diogenes. 

15. Aioyevrjg irpbg tov elnovTa, Kanbv elvai to £jfjv, Ov 
to %QV % elnev, dXXd to naittig ^v. — 16. Aioyevrjg 6 2ivg)~ 
Ttevg, 6 YLvuv emfcaXovfievog, ttclvti tottco exprjro elg irdv- 
Ta, dpiOTGJv Te nai /taftevduv, nai diaXeybfievog. BaKTrjpia, 

20 enrjpeioaTO dodevrjoag- e-neiTa jievTOi tcai diarravTog ecf)6- 
pei avTTjv. Kai rrrjpav eKOfiiaaro, ev&a avT& Ta aiTia 
Tjv. 'JZiriOTeiXag de tivi, olnidiov avrCd Trpovorjaaoftai, nai 
(UpadvvovTog, rridov Tivd eo%ev oltciav. — 17. Aioyevrjg rjvi- 
Ka dneXine Trjv rrarpida, elg avT& tg>v oltter&v rjicoXovdei, 

25 bvofia Mdvrjg- og ov <f>epov ttjv just* ovtov diarptdrjv dire- 
6pa. UpoTpenovrov de tivgw ^rjrelv avrov, e(prj, Ov/c ala- 
Xpov eoTi, Mdvrjv fiev fir) delodai Aioyevovg, Aioyevrjv de 
Mdvovg ; — 18. Qeaodfievog ixore iraidiov ralg x E 9 at ^Ivov, 
ei-eppiipe Trjg ixrjpag Trjv kotvXtjv, ein&v, Uaidcov p,e vevi- 

30 fcrjKev evTeXeia. y F,^e6aXe de nai to Tpv6Xiov, djioiog naid- 
iov deaGdiievog, eneidr] ttaTeai-e to oitevog, tw koiXg) apro> 



ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 35 

Tfjv tyaKr\v imodexdfievov. — 19. kvyyov fie&' rjfiepav aipag, 
"Avtipwov, e<f)7], C,7\rd. — 20. "Ore dXovg tcai TrcjXovfxevog 
fjpcjrrjtir), ri olde noielv, anenpivaro, 'AvSpcJv apxeiv ical 
npbg rbv tcrjpvica, Krjpvooe, ecprj, el rig edeXei decnroTTjv 
avTGi ixpiaoftai. — 21. "E/Uye tw "Eeviddy, tg> TrpiafievG) av- 5 
rbv, delv neideodai avrcb, el tcai dovXog elrf tcai yap larpbg 
fj Kv6epv7)T7]g el dovXog eirj, Treiadfjvai delv avrij). — 22. 
Mox^pov nvog dv&p&irov emypdipavrog eirl rr)v olitiav, 
MrjSev elairo) nattov 6 ovv nvpiog rr)g olniag, e(brj, ttov elo- 
eXtioi av ; — 23. 'Ek rov {3aXaveiov e^icjv, tg> fiev Trv&ofie- 10 
v<*>, el noXXol av&pa)TTOi Xovvrai, r)pvr)oaro' tg> 6e, el rcoXvg 
&X^°Gi &>\ioX6yr\Gev. — 24. Hpbg rovg eprrvGavrag eni rrjv 
rpdne^av fivg, 'Idoi>, cprjGi, tcai Aioyevrjg napaoirovg rpe(p- 
ei. — 25. Upbg rov nv&ofievov, nota &pa del dpiarav, Et 
(iev nXovaiog, ecprj, brav -&eXrj, el 6e ixevr\g, orav e%%j. — 26. 15 
UXdrcovog bpioa\ievov, "Av$p<x)n6g eon £(bov dinovv, airre~ 
pov, nai evdoKifiovvrog, riXag aXearpvova elorjveyfcev elg 
rrjv oxoXrjv avrov, nai ecprj, Ovrog eanv 6 JlXdrcovog av- 
&pG)TTog. — 27. Aioyevrjg aocorov qrei fivav rov 6e elnov- 
rog, Aid ri rovg fiev aXXovg rpio)6oXa, efie 6e fivdv alrelg ; 20 
£0?/, TLapd fiev rCJv aXXov eXnifa ndXiv Xa6elv, napd 
Se gov oviceri. — 28. 'Arrinov nvog eyfcaXovvrog avr&, 
dion Aanedaifioviovg fiaXXov erraivcov, nap' eneivoig ov 
6iarpi6er Ovde yap larpbg, elnev, vyieiag &v TroirjriK.bg, 
ev rolg vyiaivovai rrjv Siarpidrjv rroielrai. — 29. Aioyevrjg 25 
rrjv elg 'A&fjvag etc Kopivdov, ftai TrdXiv elg Kopivdov etc 
Qtj6gjv fierdtaaiv avrov rrapefiaXe ralg rov PaoiXeog, 
eapog fiev ev Zovcroig, nai ^e^wvo^ ev BafivXtivi, depovg 
6' ev Mrjdig, 6iarpij3alg. 

Antistkenes. 

30. 'Avrw&evrjg rrore erraivovfievog vnb "novrjpdv, 'Ayw- 30 
viti, eiprj, fir] n KaKov elpyaa\iai. — 31. 'Epcjrrj'&eig, rl avrip 
nepiyeyovev en (j>iXooo<pLag, etyrj, To 6vvaa-&at eavrtj o\li- 
Xelv. — 32. 'EpG)rrj&elg, ri rC)v fiadrjfidrov dvaynaiora- 
rov, e<prj, To nana anofiadelv. — 33. IvvedovXevev 'A-drj- 



36 ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 

valoig, rovg bvovg Innovg ip7]<ploao-&ai. "AXoyov de r\yov- 
fievG)v, 'AXXd \i7]V Kal orparr\yol, (prjol, ylyvovrai Trap* 
vfitiv {iTjdev p,a-&6vreg, fiovov de xeipoTOvrjdevTeg. — 34. 
Alperurepov elnev elvai, elg Kopatcag kfineoelv rj elg KoXa- 
5 icag- rovg fiev yap dnoftavbvrog rb oufia, rovg de ^tivrog 
T7jv ipvxrjv Xv\iaiveo"§ai. 

Aristippus. 

35. 'Aplannnog, epcjTrj-&eig, rl avrti nepiyeyovev en 
(f)iXocro(plag, e(prj, To dvvao"&ac ndoi tiappovvrcog b\iiXelv. 
— 36. '~EtpG)T7j$£Lg nore, rl nXeov exovoiv ol <f>i,X6oo<f>oi, 

10 £<t>i], 'Ech> ndvreg ol vb\ioi avaipefttioiv, 6{ioi.(*)g (3cu)ao[iev. 
— 37. 'EpG)T7]$eig nore, rlvi dia<pepet 6 oocpbg rov fir) oo(j>- 
ov, e(f>7], Elg ayvtira ronov rovg dvo yv\ivovg dnooreiXov, 
Kal elaei. — 38. 'Epoyrrj^elg, rlvi diacbepovoiv ol nenatdev' 
\ievoi rcJv anaidevTOJv, eef)?], r Qnep ol dedaiiaop,evoi Innoi 

15 rC)v ddapAoruv. — 39. 'EpurTjtielg, riva eorlv, a del rovg 
naldag fiav&dveiv, etbrj, Olg avdpeg yevo\ievoi xPV aoVTal " 
— 40. 'EpGJTTjdeig vno rivog, rl avrov 6 vlbg dfielvoyv 
earai natdev&elg, Kal el firjdev aXXo, elnev, ev yovv ru> 
&edrp(p ov nadedrjaerac Xltiog enl Xl&(*). — 41. Zvvloravrog 

20 rivog avrti vlbv, fyrrjoe nevraitoolag dpaxp>dg' rov de elnov- 
rog, Tooovrov dvva\iai dvdpdnodov (bv7]oao$at, Uplo, ecpTj, 
Kal e$-eig dvo. — 42. Tov tiepdnovrog ev odti (3aord£ovrog 
dpyvpcov, Kal (3apvvofievov, 'Anoxee, ecpr], rb nXeov, Kal 
baov dvvaaai (3dara^e. — 43. 'Epojrrjdelg vtto AlovvoIov, dtd 

25 rl ol \iev <piX6oo(poL enl rag rtiv nXovoluv ftvpag epxovrat, 
ol de nXovoioi enl rag rdv (f)iXoo6(f)CJV ovKeri, e(pr), 'Ore 
ol fiev laaoiv &v diovrai, ol de ovk loaoi. — 44. Aioyevijg 
nore Xdxava nXvvov ' Aplonnnov napiovra eoKCJipe Kal 
e(f>7j, El ravra epadeg npoo^epeo-dac, ovk dv rvpdvvov 

30 avXdg e&epdneveg' 6 de, Kal ov, elnev, elnep xjdetg dv&poj- 
noig dfjbtXelv, ovk dv Xdxava enXvveg. — 45. Elg Kopivdov 
avroy irXeovrl nore, Kal x e ^^ofievG), owed?) rapax&r}vai' 
npbg ovv rov elnbvra, 'Hpelg p,ev ol Ididrai ov dedoiKafiev, 
vfjielg de ol (piXooocpoi detXcare- Ov yap nepl dfiolag, e<pr], 

35 ^ V X^ dycoviGJiiev enaoroi. 



ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 37 

Solon. Gorgias* 
46. 'LoXddv dnodaX&v vibv enXavaev. l^lnovrog de n- 
vog npbg avrbv, &g ovdev ixpovpyov noiel nXaiuv, At' avrb 
yap rot rovro, e$r\, fcXaio). — 47. Topyiag 6 Aeovrlvog epcj- 
T7]#eig, noia diairq xpojfievog elg fiaicpbv yr\pag rjXdev, 
Ovdev ovdenore, k'(p7], npbg r\dovr\v ovre (ftaycbv, ovre dpd- 5 
oag. — 48. Topyiag, TJdrj yqpaibg vndpx^v, epcjrrjdelg, el 
rjdecjg dno^vrjOKOi, WL&Xiora, elnev coanep yap etc oanpov 
Kal peovrog olmdiov dop,ev(*)g dnaXXdrrofiai. — 49. f O av- 
rbg ercl repfiari wv rov /3iov, vn' dodeveiag icaraXr]<p&elg, 
tear* oXiyov elg vnvov vnoXiotiaivoyv eiceiro. Et de rig 10 
avrbv rdv emrrjdeicjv ?jpero, ri npdrroi ; 6 Topyiag an- 
eicpivaro' "Hdrj p,e 6 vnvog apxerai Trapaitararideodai tg> 
&6eX(pcJ. 

Pittacus. Xenophon. 
50. HirraKog ddiKrj^elg vno nvog Kal e%(AV e^ovaiav 
avrbv noXdoai, d(pr}icev, eln&v, Svyyvufirj rifiojpiag d\iei- 15 
vcov rb fiev yap r\\iepov (pvaeoyg earl, rb de $7)pi(odovg. 
— 51. TpvXXog, 6 Zevo(p(ovrog vlbg, ev ry \idxx\ rcepl M.av- 
riveiav laxvptig dycjviadfievog ereXevrrjoev. 'Ev ravry 
ry \idxxi ical 'RTrafiivuvdag eireae. Trjviicavra 67) teal rbv 
Zevo(()CJvra <paol ftveiv eore\i\ievov dirayyeX$evrog de 20 
avrCd rov -&avdrov rov naidbg, di:oare§av6)Gac§ai- eneira 
p,a-&6vra on yevvaicog, ndXiv emfteadai rbv orefyavov. 
"Evioi de ovde daupvcai (paolv avrbv, dXXd yap, elnelv 
ydeiv $V7]rbv yeyevvqfcug. 



III. ANECDOTES OF POETS AND ORATORS. 

52. 'Ava/cpecov dcjpeav napd TioXvfcpdrovg Xaf&v Trevre 95 
rdXavra, &g e<ppovrioev en' avrolg dvolv vvKrolv, dnedo- 
kev avra, eln6v M106) dopedv r\ng dvayKa^ei dypvnvelv. 
— 53. liifKjJvidrjg eXeyev, on XaXrjoag p,ev iroXXaKig \iere- 
D 



38 ANECDOTES OF POETS AND ORATORS. 

vorjae, aiGinrjaag 6s ovdenore. — 54. AloxvXog 6 ipaycdSbg 
kttpivsTO doebsiag srtt nvi 6pd\iaTi. '&toi\ig)v ovv ovtov 
'A$7]vaLov (3dXXsiv avrov Xltioig, 'Afisiviag 6 vswTspog 
d6sX(pbg, 6iaKaXvifjdjisvog to ljj,drLov, edsii-e tov tttjx vv 
Ssprjfiov rrjg xeipog. "Etv^s 6s dpiOTEVGdv kv SaXaiuvi o 
'ApeLVLag, a7To6e6XrjKG)g tt\v x E ~ l P a -> Ka ^ Kp£)Tog 'AtirjvaLGjv 
tgjv apLOTEiGdv ervx^v. 'Ettel 6s sl6ov ol dutaorai tov 
dvdpbg to nd-frog, xms\Lvr\G'$7]Gav tgjv epyov clvtov, nal dff)?}- 
kclv tov AloxvXov. — 55. <frt,X6£;evog, napaSodsig vrrb Aio- 

10 vvglov ttote slg Tag XaTOjitag, Sid to (pavXi&iv Ta TTOLrj^a- 
to, avTov, nai dvaaXri'Se.ig, eneiTa ndXiv ettl ttjv dupoaav 
clvt&v etcXfj'&T]. Me%pt 6s Tivog vixo[iELvag, dvsoT7]. ILv- 
-&o(J,evov 6s tov Atovvoiov, Uol dr} av ; ~Eilg Tag XaTO\Liag, 
elnev. — 56. SocpotcXTJg, 6 TpaycddonoLog, vno tov 'lotytivTog 

15 tov vlsog snl teXei tov (3lov napavoiag Kpivo^svog, dvsyvo 
Tolg diKaoTalg Ol6inovv tov snl KoXgwgj, sni6siKvv\isvog 
did tov dpdfiaTog, oiroyg tov vovv vyiaivsv tig Tovg 
dttcaoTag tov p,sv vnsp$av\idoai, naTaip7}(f)LOao"&ai 6s tov 
vlov avTov {laviav. — 57. $iXthag)v, o iccdpuicbg, snTa npbg 

20 TOig EVVEVTjKOVTa ETTf (3lOVg, KaTEKELTO flEV ETTL K,XlV7\g 

rjpEfjLCJv' dsaodfisvog 6s bvov Ta napsoKEvaofisva avTG* 
ov/ca naTsodiovTa, topjiTjos fisv slg ysXoTa, naXsoag 6e 
tov olnETr\v, teal ovv iroXXti nai ddpoG) ysXo)TL elnuv, 
TTpoodovvat tg> ovg) aitpaTov poxf>slv, anonviyslg vnb tov 
25yzX(i)Tog dirs'&avEV. — 58. §iXr\Tav Xsyovoi tov Ktiov Xett- 
TOTaTov ysvso$ai to G(h\ia. 'Ensi tolvvv avaTpanr\vai 
pddtog r\v sic ndar\g npo(paGEG)g, poXi66ov, tpacri, nsnoir\\isva 
elxev sv Tolg vno6i\\iaai nsXfiaTa, Iva fxrj dvaTpsnoiTo vno 

TGJV aVEfjLCdV, EL TTOTE OlcX7}pol KaTETTVEOV. 59. QiXlTTTTI- 

30 6rjg 6 KoyficodoTroLog, (pcXocftpovovfisvov tov (3aotXscjg avTov 
AvGi/iaxov, Kal XsyovTog, Tivog aol [iSTadcJ to)V Eficjv ; 
Ov (3ovXst, cf)T]Glv, G) fiaotXsv, nXr\v tgjv dnoppfjTUV. — 60. 
'iGOKpaTTjg, 6 pr)TG)p, vsavlov Tivog XdXov oxoXd^siv avT(o 
(iovXo\isvov, diTToi)g yTrjOE jitadovg. Tov 6s tt\v aWtav 

35 ttv&oijievov, "Eva, scprj, [isv, Iva XaXslv fid^g, tov 6 y ETspov, 
Iva oiyav. — 61. Avolag tlvI 61ktjv exovti Xbyov ovyypdip- 



ANECDOTES OF PRINCES AND STATESMEN. 39 

ag edo)Kev 6 de rroXXaKtg dvayvovg, rjae npbg rbv Avoiav 
advfiGJv nai Xeywv, to [iev npurov avrti die^iovTi #av- 
iiaorbv (bavjjvat rbv Xoyov, avtitg de nai rpcrov dvaXa\xt)d- 
vovtl TxavreXCdq d[i6Xvv nai anpaKTOV 6 de Avoiag yeXd- 
oag, Tt ovv, elirev, oi>x anal; fieXXeig Xeyeiv avrbv em 5 
tgjv dinaurCdV ; 



IV. ANECDOTES OF PRINCES AND STATESMEN. 

62. 'Ei> (pvyfj tlvl, Trig CLTroaicevrjg 'Apra^ep^ov rov 
Mvrjfiovog d tapir ay eiorjg, %r/pa ovrca Karacpaycbv nai Kpid- 
ivov aprov, Otag, elirev, rjdovrjg diretpog r\\ir\v. — 63. Xap- 
Levrog 6 fiaoiXevg 'Apx&Xaog, ddoXeoxov ttovpeug irepifja- 10 
XovTog avrti to G)\l6Xivov, nai irv&ofievov, Hug oe Kelpo), 
fiaoiXev ; Xlgjttgjv, ecprj. — 64. r O ved)Tepog Aiovvoiog eXeye 
TToXXovg Tpe<petv oo<pLOT&g, ov davfid^wv enelvovg, dXXd 
6l' eneivoyv $av{id£eo$aL (3ovX6fievog. 

Philip, King of Macedonia. 
65. ^iXtirirog eXeye, fcpetTTOv elvai GTpaTOixedov eXd<pG)v, 15 
XeovTog OTparrryovvTog ; r] XeovTW, eXdcpov GTpaTrjyovv- 
Tog. — 66. ^iXiirnog, 6 'AXe^dvdpov iraTrjp, 'Adrjvatovg 
fiatcapt^ecv eXeyev, el ftad-' enaoTOv evtavTOV alpelo#aL 
Sena OTpaTrjyovg evpioKovoiv avTog yap ev rroXXolg eTeatv 
eva \lovov ojpaTrvybv evpr\K,evai, Jlap\ievl(j)va. — 67. 3>i/l-20 
inirog ep(x)TG)jievog, ovOTivag fidXtOTa (piXel, nai ovaTtvag 
fidXtOTa \Lioei, Tovg \ieXXovTag, e§r\, irpodidbvai fidXtOTa 
(piXio, Tovg 6' rjdr) irpodedojfcoTag \idXiGTa \iiad. — 68. Ne- 
OTTToXefiov, tov T?jg Tpay(i)6cag viro/cpiTTjv, rjpeTO Tig, tl 
■davfid^oL tgjv vir' AloxvXov Xe%$evTG)v, r] ScHpotcXeovg, r] 25 
'EvpLTiidov ; ovdev p,ev tovtgjv, elirev, o 6' avTog e&edoaTO 
em fiei^ovog OKrjvrjg, ^lXlttttov ev Tolg Tr\g -&vyaTpbg KXeo- 
ixaTpag ydfiotg iro\iixevaavTa, nai TpiOKaidenaTov #ebv 
emtcXrjMvTa, Ty e£,r)g kmotyayevTa ev tg) deaTpG), teal 



40 ANECDOTES OF PRINCES AND STATESMEN. 

eppippevov. — 69. Tpicov <J>£/UV7TG) TTpoaayyeX-devrov evrv- 
%7)pdro)v v(j>' eva naipbv, npcorov pev, on re$piTnn£> vevi- 
K7]K,£V 'OXvpTua- devrepov 6e, on TLappevitev 6 orparrjybg 
p<&XQ Aapdaveig evitcrjoe' rpirov 6', on dppev avrip iraidiov 
5 dnetcvrjaev 'OXvpmdg' dvareivag eg ovpavbv rag xelpag, 
T £2 dalpov, sine, perptov ri rovroig dvritieg eXdrro)pa\ 
eidcbg ore rolg peydXoig evrvx^paGi (pdovelv irecpvuev rj 
T Yvj(7]' — 70. 'JZv ~KaipG)veia rovg 'A-&7]vaiovg peydXr^ viftrj 
evinrjoe QiXumog. 'JZnapdeig 6e rq evnpayia, cpero delv 
10 avrbv vnoptpvrjoiieo-dat, ore av&pojnog eoriv;nai Tipoaera^e 
rivi Txaidi rovro epyov e%etv. Tplg ds endorr\g rjpepag 
6 iraig eXeyev avrtj' QiXinne, av$pi>mog el. 

Alexander. 
71. f O 'AXei;avdpog Acoyevet elg Xoyovg eX$d)v, ovro 
KarenXdyr] rbv (3iov nai to d^iwpa rov dvdpbg, dure 

15 ixoX Xdmg avrov pvrjpovevoyv Xeyeiv, Et pi) 'AXe^avSpog 
7Jpr)v, kioyevqg dv r\pr\v. — 72. 'AXe^avdpog povov eneXeve 
Avonnrov elaovag avrov drjpLovpyeZv p,6vog yap ovrog 
Kareprjvve rep ^a/Uo) r0 V^og avrov, nai cvvet-ecpepe ry 
pop<j>%i rr\v dperrjv ol 6e dXXoi rr\v airoorpo^rjv rov 

20 rpax^jXov, nai rdjv oppdrcjv rr\v vyporrjra pipelcr&ai #£- 
Xovreg, ov diefyvXarrov avrov rb appevonov nai Xeovrco- 
deg. — 73. 'AXe^avdpog 'Avai-dpxov nepl reoopejv aixeipiag 
atcovov eddupve, icai rcjv tpiXov eporrjodvruv avrbv, ri 
daitpvei, Ovk d^iov, e$r\, daupveiv, el tcocrpov bvrcjv dnei- 

25 pcov, evbg ovdenG) nvpioi yeyovapev ; 

Successors of Alexander. 
74. UroXepalov cpaac rbv Adyov, icaranXovri^ovra rovg 
(plXovg avrov vnepxaipeLv eXeye 6e, dpeivov elvat irXov- 
ri^eiv i] ixXovrelv. — 75. 'Avriyovog irpog riva parcapi£- 
ovaav avrbv ypavv, E2 qdeig , e(f)7}, d) pr\rep, oaov fcaitcjv 
30 peorov eari rovrl rb pdfcog, deti-ag rb diddrjpa, ova dv eni 
KoiTpiag Keipevov avrb etdaraoag. — 76. 'Avriyovog 6 (3aa- 
iXevg, epcorrjoavrog avrbv rov vlov, nqviica peXXovoiv 
dva^evyvvecv, Ti dedoutag ; elrre, pr\ povog ovk dtcovoqg ri\g 
GaXmyyog ; 



ANECDOTES OF PRINCES AND STATESMEN. 41 

Alexander of Pherce. 

77. 'AXegavdpog, 6 Qepatuv rvpavvog, $eup,evog rpayu- 
dbv, Efinadiorepov dtere{h] irpbg rbv ol/crov dvaTirjdrjoag 
ovv en rov ■dedrpov arncjv co^ero, detvbv elvat Xeyu)v, el 
rooovrovg diroocpd^ag TcoXtrag 6(p&f]oerat rolg '¥iK.dbr\g ttai 
JloXv^evrjg TrdSeotv eiudanpvuv. 5 

Crozsus. 

78. "Ore Kpoloog r/px^ Avdcov, rbv ddeXcpbv jj,e&' avrov 
KareoTTjoev apxovra. UpooeXftCw de rig tCjv Avdtiv, r £l 
fiaotXev, elite, ndvrow em yr\g naXtiv 6 'qXtog dv&pcj-otg 
atrtbg eon, nat ovdev dv elr\ rtiv ent yrjg, fiff rov rjXtov 
ernXdjiTTOvrog- dXX' el tieXovot dvo r\Xtot yeveo-&at, nivdv- 10 
vog Tidvra ovfupXex&svra dtacpdaprjvat, Ovrog eva jiev 
(3aotXea dexovrat Avdol, teat ocorrjpa morevovotv elvat, 
dvo de a\ia ova dv dvdoxotvro. 

Themistocles. 

79. Qep,tororcXr]g en petpdictov dv ev irorotg etcvXtv- 
detro- enei de MtXrtddrjg or parrjy 'cov evtfcijoev ev Mapa- 15 
dtivt roijg (3ap6dpovg, ovk, en r\v evrvftelv draKrovvrt 
QefiiorofcXel. Upbg de rovg davfid^ovrag rrjv pera6oXrjv 
eXeyev, Ovk ea pe Kadevdetv, ovde padvpetv rb MtXrtd- 
dov rpoTvcuov. — 80. '~E>p(i)Tr)$eig de, Trorepov 'AxtXXevg 
etovXer' dv elvai rj "Oprjpog ; 2i> de avrbg, tyr], Trorepov 20 
r\$eXeg 6 vikCjv ev 'OXvprrtdotv rj 6 Krjpvoowv rovg vttcojv- 
rag elvat; — 81. OeptoroKXrjg irpbg rbv 'Evpvdtddrjv rbv 
AaKedatpovtov eXeye n vrrevavrtov, nai dveretvev avr& 
rr\v (3aKrr)ptav b 'Rvpv6 tddrjg. f O de, Udra^ov \iev, e$r\, 
dnovoov de. "JItdet de, on d peXXet Xeyetv, tg> Kotvcp Xv- 25 
otreXet. — 82. leptcptov nvbg npb? avrbv elrrovrog, (bg 
ov dc' avrbv, dXXa did rr\v noXtv evdo^og eonv, 'AXrj&fj 
Xeyetg, eitrev, dXX' ovr' dv eyco l^epicbtog wv eyevoprjv 
evdot-og, ovre ov, 'Adrjvatog. — 83. Upbg de StpwidTjv 
ei-airovfievov rtva npiotv ov dtftaiav, e<prj, pfjr' dv enelvov 30 
yeveo§at ixotr\rr\v dya$bv, adovra irapa p,eXog, p,^^ avrbv 

D2 



42 ANECDOTES OF SPARTANS. 

apxovra %p7]Grbv, dwdfrvra rrapd rbv vo\lov. — 84. 'Anet- 
Ka^ev avrov ralg ixXardvoig, alg virorpexovai ^£tjU.a£o/xe- 
voc, yevop,ev7jg de evdlag riXXovoiv ol napepx^evoi koZ 
koXovovolv. 

Epaminondas. 
5 85. '~Ei7TaiiLVG)vdag eva elxe rpldojva- el de nore avrov 
ed(*)tcev elg yvacpelov, avrbg vixeuevev olkol di' anopiav 
krepov. — 86. '!&7Tap,ivG)vdag, 6 Qrj6alog, Idtiv orparoiredov 
\ieya Kal KaXbv, Grparr]ybv ovk e%ov, 'HXlkov, e§r\, -dripiov^ 
Kal Ke$aXi]v ovk e%ei ! — 87. "EAeye rrpbg HeXonidav, fifj 

10 rrporepov anaXXdrreo^ai rrjg dyopdg r\\i,epa, nplv rj <piX~ 
ov rolg apxaioig nvd TTpoonopiaaL veurepov. — 88. Tbv 
*Yma\Liv<jiv8av 6 Srriv&apog eixaivCdv, e<pr}, \ii\re irXeiova 
yt,yvu)OK0vrt, \ii\re eXdrrova (p-deyyofievco padlcjg evrvxelv 
erep(x>. 

Pelopidas and other Commanders. 

15 89. HeXonidag, dvdpeiov orparidrov diabXrfievrog av- 
TG), &g (3Xaa(p7}ui]GavTog avrov, 'Eyd> ra fiev epya, ecprj, 
avrov fSXeno), rtiv de Xoycjv ovk r\Kovoa. — 90. 'IcpLKpdr^g 
rb crpdrevfia ovrcdg ecpaone delv ovvrerdx$ai, (bg ev aQ)\ia' 
dwpana uev ex ov T l v 4>dXayya, x £ ip a £ ^ rovg i^tXovg, 

20 TTodag de rovg Irrrceag, Ke(paXf]v de rbv or parity ov. — 9 1 . 
f O HepLitXrjg ev tg> Xoifiti rovg rraldag a7ro6aX<hv, dvdpei- 
orara rbv -bdvarov avrCov ijveyKe, Kal irdvrag 'A$7)vaiovg 
eneice rovg r&v faXrdrov davdrovg evdvuorepov (pepeiv. 
— 92. 'Odvpo[iev(x)v rcjv fierd QcoKtuvog fieXXovruv dno- 

25 OvTjGKeiv, elnev 6 $g)kig)v, JZlra ova dyairag, Oovdimrey 
pera $G)KL(*)vog dTxo$vr\OK(AV ; 



V. ANECDOTES OF SPARTANS. 

93. "Aytg 6 (3aoiXevg e(f>rj, rovg Aaicedaifioviovg {ir} spw- 
rpv, ottoooi eloiv, dXXd, rcov eloiv ol ixoXe\xioi ; Kal epo>- 
rCJvrog rivog, irooot elol AaKedaifiovwi, "Oooi, e<pr\, Uavoi 



ANECDOTES OF SPARTANS. 43 

rovg Kanovg drrepvKecv. — 94. Arjfidparog, dv&punov nvbg 
Trovrjpov aonrovrog avrbv duaipoig epojTrjfiaoi, feat df) rovro 
-noXXditig epG)TG)VTog, rig apiarog ZTraprtartiv, e(brj, r O ool 
dvofjLOLorarog. — 95. HXeioruvat;, 6 Havoaviov, 'Attikov 
rcvog prjropog rovg Aanedaifioviovg dfiatielg dnoicaXovvrog, 5 
'Op$ojg, £(prj, Xeyetg, \iovoi yap rQ>v '~E,XXt)vg)v r\\i£ig ovdev 
kclkov iiE\ia§i\tta\LEV nap' vficov. — 96. 'AyrjOLTroXig, 6 KAs- 
Ofifiporov, eluovrog nvbg, on <t>lXimrog kv bXiyaig i\\iipaig 
"OXvv&ov nareonaipe, Md rovg deovg, elrrev, dXXr\v roiav- 
rr\v kv TroXXanXaoLOVi, XP^V ^ K olKodofirjoet. — 97. X.api- 10 
Xaog kporrjdeig, did rl rovg vo\iovg 6 Avaovpyog ovrcog 
oXlyovg e&rjtcev, "On, £$77, rolg bXiya Xiyovoiv dXiyojv ttai 
voficjv karl xpzia. 

98. 'Adrjvaiov rcvog irpog 'AvraXfcidav elnovrog, 'AXXd 
Ht)v fjfielg and rov Krjfaooov noXXdtag vfiag kdi6)£,a\iEV \ 15 
'Hfielg 6e ovderrore, elnev, vpag and rov Evpc5ra. — 99. 'O 
avrbg, Go<fiiorov rcvog fikXXovrog dvaycyv&onecv eyiccjficov 
'HpaitXeovg, £</>?/, Teg yap avrbv ipeyec ; — 100. 'Apxcdafcog 
rrpbg rbv enacvovvra KcSapcpdbv , nai -Bavfidi^ovra rr\v 
6vva\icv avrov, r Q Aware, ecprj, rrocov yepag irapa oov rolg 20 
dyatiocg dvdpdocv eorac, orav tu&apcodbv ovro)g enacv^g. 
— 101. Talg ftvyarpdocv avrov c\iarco\ibv iroXvreXri Aco- 
vvgcov rov rvpdvvov IcneXcag Trefiipavrog, ovtc kde^aro, 
elirC)v, Qoboviiac jirj nepc&ejievac ai Kopac (pavQyac \ioc alox- 
pai. — 102. 'Apxcdafiog, 6 'AyrjacXdov, KararceXrcabv j3eX- 25 
og idojv, rore npurajg etc ^iKeXtag KO[iia-&ev i dvedorjoev, 
T £2 'HpdfcXeLg, dnoXuXev dvdpbg dperd. 

103. 'AyrjoiXaog, napafcaXovfievog irors aaovoai rov rr\v 
drjdova \ii\iov\iivov, irapqrrjoaro, (prjoag, Avrrjg dfcrjKoa 
TToXXdiug. — 104. KarrjyopovGLv ol AaKe6ai\iovioi 'Ayrj- 30 
ciXdov rov j3aaiXe(og, &g ralg ovvexeci nai wvKvalg elg 
rf\v BoMorcav kp,6oXalg nai arpardaig rovg Qrfoaiovg dv~ 
rcnaXovg rolg AaKedaifiovlotg fcaraofcevdoavrog. Atb nai 
rerpcjjievov avrbv Idtiv 6 'AvraXaidag, KaXd, e(f)7], rd 
didaandXta irapa Qr]6aL(*)v diroXafiddveig, iif\ f3ovXofievovg 35 
avrovg, fi^d' eldorag \idx^o^ai dtddt-ag. — 105. 'Avrjp elg 



44 ANECDOTES OF SPARTANS. 

Aafcedaifiova acpinero Kelog, yepojv i\dr\ &v, rd p,ev aXXa 
dXa^cbv, rjSelro de enl tg> yrjpa, Kal dtd ravra ttjv rpixa, 
noXidv ovaav, eneipdro (3a<py dtpavi^eiv napeX-d&v ovv, 
elnev eKelva vnep obv teal dcbinero. 'Avaordg ovv 6 'Ap- 
5xida{iog, 6 rtiv AatcedaLfiovLiov j3aaiXevg, Tt d' av, e(prj, 
ovrog vyteg elnoi, og ov \iovov enl ry ipvxzi to ipevdog, 
dXXd Kal enl t%j rcecpaXrj nepupepei ; 

106. "EXeyev 6 KXeo[iev7jg, 6 tgjv AaKedatjioviajv (3aa- 
iXevg, fcard tov emx&piov rponov, tov "Ofirjpov Aane- 

10 daijiovlOiv elvai noir\Tr\v, d)g xprj noXe\ielv Xeyovra, tov 
de 'Hoiodov tgjv ~ElXgjtg)v, Xeyovra, <hg XPV yeoxpyelv. — 
107. Avtiovpyog, 6 AaKedatfioviog, nrjpGd&elg vno rivog tgjv 
TzoXiTGJv 6<pdaX{j,GJv rov erepov, Kal napaXa6(bv rov veavio- 
kov napd rov drjfiov, Iva rifiuyprjOcuTO, onog avrdg fiov- 

15 Xr}T(M, tovtov p,ev drceoxsro, naidevaag de avrov, nai ano- 
<p?]vag avdpa d,ya$bv, napr\yayev eig to ■dearpov. Oav- 
fj,a^6vT(ov de tgjv AaKedatjiovLGJv, Tovtov \ievToi Xa6o)v, 
e<p7}, Trap 7 v\ig*v v6pLOT7jv Kal ftlaLov, dnodidG)jit vfilv 
emeiKr\ Kal 6t][iotlk6v. — 108. Hepotiv ttjv 'EXXdda XerjXa- 

20tovvtg)v, ILavaaviag, 6 t&v AaKedatfioviGiv CTpaTTjybg, 
dnb "Zepi-ov nevTaKooia TaXavTa XP V010V Xa6cbv, efieXXe 
npodidovat ttjv SndpTTjv. Tc5v de eiuoToX&v \ieooXabr\- 
fteioCiv, 'HyrjGtXaog, 6 naTrjp tov npoeiprjfievov, nepl tg~>v 
ovp,6e67)fc6T(j)v duovaag, tov vibv pexpi rov vaov Trjg %aA- 

25 kiolkov ovvediod^ev 'Adrjvag, Kal Tag dvpag tov Te\ievovg 
nXivftoig eji(f)pd^ag, fieTa Trjg yvvaiKog ttjv eioodov efypov- 
prjoe, Kal Xifiti tov npodoTrjv dvelXev, bv r) \ir\Tr\p deipaaa 
vnep Tovg bpovg epptipev. 

109. f O Bpaoidag \ivv Ttva ovXXad&v ev ia%d<n t Kal 

30 Srjx^elg, dtyrjKev elra npbg eavTbv, r Q, 'HpaKXetg, ecpij, tig 
ovdev eoTiv ovtg) fiLKpbv, ovd' acr&eveg, b fiij ^rjoeTai, 
ToXfitiv a\LvvaG$ai\ — 110. f O Aeojvtdag, 6 AaKedatfiovtog, 
Kal ol ovv avTU) TpiaKOOioi, tov \iavTevo\ievov avTolg 
•BdvaTOV eIXovto ev TlvXaig, Kal vnep Tr\g f ~EXXddog ev Kal 

35 KaXijg dyit)Viod\Levoi TeXovg ervxov evKXeovg, Kal doi-av 
eavTQig dddvaTov dneXinov, Kal <$>i]\iT\v dyadrjv di' altivog. 



ANECDOTES OF SPARTANS. 45 

— 111. Aey ovrog rivog, drro rtjv d'iorevfxdrov rtiv (3ap- 
6dpo)v ovde rov rjXtov idelv eoriv, Ovkovv, £0?/, x a ? iEV -> 
el vno OKiav avrolg fj,ax£o6{i£$a. — 112. BovXo/ievog 7)67] 
rolg ixoXe\iioig emrideoftai, rolg orpari&raig TraprjyyeiXev, 
dpioronotelodai, (bg ev adov detixvoTTOLrjOOfxevovg. 5 

Spartan Women. 

113. At Aait£da(,[iovtG)V \irjrepeg, boat eirvv&dvovro rovg 
nalSag avrCjv ev rrj fta%^ kelodat, avral d<biK6[ievai, rd 
rpav/iara avrtjv eneoKOTrovv, rd re eunpocr&ev, Kal rd 
bmodev. Kal, el rjv TiXeio) rd evavria, aide yavpovfievai 
rovg iraldag elg rag narpqag ecpepov racpdg' el 6e erepog 10 
elxov r&v rpavjidrov, evravda aldovfievat teal ^prjvovaai, 
Kal, d>g eve \1dX1ara, Xaftelv anevdovaat anrjXXdrrovro, 
KaraXtrrovaac rovg venpovg ev rCd rcoXvavSptG) -d^dipai, 7) 
Xddpa elg rd olnela Tjpla enout^ov avrovg. — 114. Kdnaiva 
yvvrj, rov vlov avrrjg ev mxpard^ei x^Xcodevrog, Kal 6va- 15 
(popovvrog em rovrcp, M77 Xvnov, reitvov, elne' Ka$' enaa- 
rov yap $rj\ia rrjg Idlag dperrjg vno(ivrjO-&7jaeL. — 115. Top- 
y£), 7) Aatcedaifiovia, Aecjvldov yvvr), rov vlov avrrjg em 
arpareiav nopevojievov, rr)v aomda emdtdovoa, elnev V H 
ravrav, 7) em ravra. — 116. YXixovorjg nvog, &g koine, 20 
i-evrjg npog Topyd), rr\v Aecovldov yvvalna, &g 'Movai rcjv 
dvdpojv apx^re vaelg at Admivai, Movai yap, e^r], rinro- 
\iev avdpag. 

117. f H Bpaoidov \irjrrjp, 'ApycXeojvig, cjg dcpiKOjievoi 
rtveg elg AaKedaluova rdv e% ^ AjxpLiroXeug elar\k$ov rrpbg 25 
avrrjv, rjp&rrjoev, el KaX&g BpaotSag dne-&ave, Kal rrjg 
Sndprrjg d^lcjg ; MeyaXvvovrcov 6e eKetvov rov avSpa, Kal 
Xeyovro)v, &g ovk ex&i roiovrov dXXov 7) ZndprT], M?) 
Xeyere, elnev, <b i-evor KaXbg jiev yap r)v Kal dyaftbg 6 
Bpaaldag, iroXXovg 6' avdpag 7) AaKe6acao)v ex et iceivov 30 
Kpeirrovag. — 118. AaKatvd rug eK-rreuipaoa rovg vlov g av- 
rrjg nevre bvrag em noXeuov, ev rolg npoaoreioig eta- 
rTjKei, KapadoKOvoa, re eK rrjg [idxTjg dixobf]aoiro' <bg 6e 
irapayevojievog rig TTV&ojievrjg dnrjyyeiXe, rovg naldag 



46 MISCELLANEOUS ANECDOTES. 

anavrag rereXevr^Kevai, 'AAA' ov rovro envdofir/v, elne, 
itaitbv dvdpdrrodov, dXXd ri npdooei r) rcarpig. $ r qoavTT>g 
6e, on viKa, 'Aafievrj, rocvvv, elne, de^o/iai, Kal rbv rCov 
naidoov ddvarov. 
5 119. Aatccjv rpo&elg ev TroXefico Kal fiadi&iv ov 6v- 
vd\ievog, rerpanodtorl tidevev alaxwofievu) 6* avrti eni 
tw yeXolcp, r) \ir\rr\p, Kal noou fteXnov, &> tekvov, elne, 
fiaXXov eni ry dvdpeia yeyrftevai r\ aloxvveo"&ai eni 
yeXort dvorjTCx) ! — 120. ^e\LVW0\iev7]g yvvaiKog nvog 'lov- 

10 ticrjg eni rivi tu)v eavrr\g v<pao[idrG)v bvri noXvreXel, 
AaKaiva emdei^aoa rovg reauapag vlovg bvrag Koofjuurd- 
rovg, roiavra ecprj 5eIv elvai rd rr)g KaXrjg Kal dyadljg 
yvvaiKbg epya, Kal eni rovrotg enaipecftai Kal fieyaXav- 
%eiv. — 121. TopyC), 'q ftaocXeog KXeopevovg -dvydrrjp, 

15 'ApLorayopov rov MlXtjolov napaKaXovvrog avrbv eni 
rov npbg (iaotXea noXep-ov vnep 'Wvtev, vnioxvovp,evov 
%p7)[j,dr(t)v nXrjdog, Kal oaco dvreXeys, nXeiova npoon&ev- 
rog, Karacfrdepel as, & ndrep, ecprj, rd %evvXXiov, edv \ir\ 
rd^iov avrbv rr\g olKtag EKddXrjg. — 122. Tbv 6s 'Apioray- 

20 opav vno nvog rtiv olKerdv imodovfievov fieaaafJieVT}, 
Jldrsp, £</)?/, 6 ijivog x eL P a ? °^ K ^X u - 



VI. MISCELLANEOUS ANECDOTES. 

123. f O Zev^ig, alrtG)fi£VG)v avrbv rivtiv, ore fyypacp- 
el (3padeojg, 'OpoXoyti, elnev, ev noXXCd xpbvtd ypdepew, 
Kal yap elg noXvv. — 124. Ot sfyopoi NavKXeidrjV, rov 

25ILoXv6iddov, vnepoapKOvvra tw oupari, Kal vnepnaxw 
did rpvcprjv yevopevov, elg rr)v eKKXrjolav Karr\yayov, Kal 
7]7relXrjoav avr<p <pvyr)g npoorlprjOiv, edv p,r) rbv (3tov, ov 
etiov rore, rov Xoinov peftappbarrrai' (pepetv yap avrov 
rb eldog, Kal ri]v rov ocoparog didfteoiv, aloxvvrjv Kal r^j 

30 AaKE&ai\iovi Kal rolg vofioig. — 125. Arjpddrjg, 6 pfjrop, 
Xr)(f)-&elg alxpdXcorog ev r^\ Kara XatpcJveiav pdxxi vnb 
QiXinnov, Kal ovoratielg avrti, eKeivov napa irorov aefi- 



MISCELLANEOUS ANECDOTES. 47 

vvvofievov, ttov r\ evyeveia Kai vrrepox^ Tr\g 'Ad^vaiov 
7rdAewc; "Eyvog av, ecprj, rrjv rfjg rroXeoyg dvvauiv, el 
'A-drjvaioyv aev QiXiTmog, Maicedovojv de Xdprjg eGrparrjyei. 

126. SiuovLdrjg 6 rtiv \ieXC)v noirjrfjg, Uavoaviov rov 
fiaGiXeug rcjv Aatce6aifj,oviG)v aeyaXavxoviiivov Gvvex^g 5 
em ralg avrov npa^eoi, Kai KeXevovrog eirayyelXai n 
avrti ao&bv fierd xXevao/iov, Gvveig avrov ri)v v-nepr\$av- 
lav, GvvedovXeve fiefjbvrjGdat, on av$pG)n6g eartv. — 127. 
Qrjpafievrjg 6 yevo\ievog 'Adrjvqot tgjv rptdfcovra rvpdvvcjv, 
avinreoovGrjg rrjg oiKiag, ev x\ fierd TrXecovoyv edeinvet, 10 
\iovog OG)-&elg Kai Trpbg iravrov evdaip,ovc%6[ievog, dva(p(x)- 
vfjoag fieydXxi rq (pcovy, r £l Tv%r\, elrcev, elg riva fie Kaipbv 
apa cpvXdrretg ; uer' ov ixoXvv de %povov KaraGrpe6Xo)$eig 
vno rcJv avvrvpdvvcjdv ereXevrrjGev. 

128. Meveicpdrovg rov larpov, enei Kararvx&v h> tlglv 15 
aneyvuGuevaig depaneiatg Zevg eneKXrjdi], (fyopnKOjg ravrrf 
%p(jduevov ry npoGO)vvfita, Kai 6t] npbg rov 'AyrjacXaov 
eniGrelXai roX\ir\Gavrog ovrcj, M.eveicpdr7]g Zevg j3aGtXel 
'AyrjGiXdc*) %aipeiv ovk dvayvovg rd Xotnd dvreypaipe, 
BaoiXevg 'AyrjGiXaog MeveKpdrei, vytaiveiv. — 129. Mevetc- 20 
pdrrjg, 6 larpbg, elg roGovrov npor]X-&e rvcpov, &Gre eavrbv 
ovofid&iv /\ia. 'EtGrla nore fieyaXonpentig 6 QcXinnog, 
teat dr/ Kai rovrov eni $olvt)v etcdXeGe, Kai Idea kXlvt]v 
avrcj EfteXevGe napeGKevaGdai, real KarattXidevn dvutarrj. 
piov irapedrjKE, nai edvfMaro avrti- ol de Xoinoi eiGriCjvro, 25 
Kai r\v ueyaXonpeneg rb delnvov. 'O roivvv Mevenpdrrjg 
rd i±ev npdra evetcaprepei, Kai exaipe r%j nay- enei de 
Kara uitcpbv 6 Xipbbg nepLrjXdev avrov, teal rjXeyxsTO, on, 
rjv av&pGjnog, aal ravra evrj&rjg, ei-avaGrdg dniojv &xzto, 
Kai eXeyev v6piG-&ai, eaaeXCog ixdvv rov ^lXlttttov rrjv 30 
avoiav avrov etacaXvipavrog. 

130. OpaGvXXog ng napddoi-ov evoGTjGe \iaviav. 'Atto- 
Xiit&v yap rb aGrv, nal tcareXdcov elg rbv Uecpaia, Kai 
evravda oIkCjv, rd irXola rd Karalpovra ev avr& irdvra 
eavrov evoyn^ev elvat, Kai dneypdepero avrd, Kai av ndXiv 35 
e^eTTeane, Kai rolg -rxepiGbi^o\ievoig Kai eiGiovGiv elg rbv 



48 NATURAL HISTORY. 

Xifieva imepexaips. Xpovovg 6e SieteXege noXXovg vvvoifc- 
wv tw dppo)orrj[xari tovtg). 'E/s IiircsXiag 6e avax&elg 6 
adeXcpbg avTOv, napedcjuev avrbv larpu) laGaodai, Kai 
enavGaro rr\g vogov ovTwg. , 'E[ie[ivtjto 6e noXXaKig rrjg 
5 ev \iavia dcarpidrjg, nai sXsys, fi^deiroTe r)o#7)vai togovtov, 
qgov tote t\6eto ettI Talg firjdev clvtg) npoGrjKOVGaig vavoiv 
anoGUi^o^Evaig. — 131. Tificov, 6 [UGdv&pconog, EV7]\iEp7\- 
oavTa Idiov top 'AXiafjiddriv, nai nponE\in6\iEvov and Tr)g 
EKKXrjGiag Enityavcog, ov nap^X^sv, ovd' e^ekXivev, &Gn£p 

10 eI(o$ei Tovg aXXovg, dXX' dnavTTjGag Kai dsgcoxjafiEvog, Ev 
y\ £<})7], TTOislg av^dfiEvog, c5 naV fxiya yap aiit-Ei KaKbv 
aixaoi TovTOig. 

132. IitoGTpaTog, 6 avXrjTrjg, dvEidi^dfiEvog vno Tivog 
ini tw yovi(*)v dorjficjv slvai, eItte, Kai firjv did tovto 

l^(jj<p£iXov \idXXov ^avfid^EG^aL, otl an' Efiov to ysvog 
dpXETat. — 133. -idXTrig 'AvTiyovc*) snEdEiKWTO- tov 6e 
(SaGiXsoyg noXXdiag XiyovTog, Tfjv vtjttjv kniGcpiy^ov, UTa 
ndXiv, Trjv \\,£G7\v, ods dyavatCTiJGag, k(p7j' Mi) yivoiTO goi 
ovto) Kattojg, c5 (3aGiXEv, &g ejiov TavTa dtcpi6ovv \1aXX0v. 

20 134. f H <f>G)KL(*)vog yvvrj £po)TT]$£Zoa, did tl \iovr\ tuv 
aXXuv kv gvvoSg) ov (j>op£l %pvGovv KOGfiov, £(f)7], "Oti 
avTdpurjg KOGfiog fioi egtIv rj tov dvdpog dpETf). — 135. Qsa- 
vo), 7] Jiv&ayopiKr) QiXoGocpog, EpcjTrj^EiGa, tI npinov e\t\ 
yvvaiKi, To tgj Idio), E<pr), dpeGHEiv dvdpi. — 136. 2>TpaT- 

Q50VIKT), r) I>eXevkov yvvrj, (paXaitpd ovGa, Tolg noiTvraig 
dytiva rrpov'&rjKE nEpi TaXdvTOv, OGTig dv dfisivov snaivs- 
Gai avTTjg tt\v ko\it\v. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 

Syrian Sheep. 
1. 'Ev rj/ Zvpia Ta npobaTa Tag ovpdg e% u r ° ir^aTog 
Trr)xE(*)g, rd 6e &Ta at alysg Gni^afirfg nai naXaiGTr/g' Kai 
30 Eviai Gv^aXXovGi Ta wra fcaTG) dXXrjXoig. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 49 

The Elephant. 

52. 'Oppudel 6 eXetpag Kepdorrjv Kpibv Kal x oi P ov porjv. 
Ovtg) roivvv, (f)aoi, /cat 'Fojaalot rovg ovv ILvppG) tgj 
'KrreLpGjTq erpeipavro eXe<f)avrag, Kal i] vifcrj ovv rolg ( P(0- 
paioig Xaunptig eyevero. — 3. To> eXe(pavn 6 uvKrrjp eon 
fiaKpbg Kal loxvpog- Kal xpfjTat avrG) tjonep %£ipi' Xajx. 5 
bdvei yap rovrto, nai elg rb oroaa npoG^eperat rr\v rpcxprjv, 
Kal rrjv vypdv nai rr\v fypav, uovov rcov £g>g)v. — 4. Ol 
eXecf>avreg udxovrat Ofpodptig npbg dXXrjXovg, Kal tvtttovol 
rolg odovat ocpdg avrovg' 6 de rjrrrj-delg dovXovrai, Kal 
ovx vnofievet rrjv rov vifcrjoavrog (povrjv. kiacpepovai de 10 
Kal rrj avdpeia ol eXecfyavreg d-avfiaarbv ooov. 

5. Ol eXe<pavreg %6)<jiv err] nXelo) rtiv diaKooiov. Tojv 
de Ai6vku)V ol 'IvdtKol \iei^ovg re elaiv Kal pojfiaXeure- 
pot. Talg yovv irpo6ooKioiv endX^eLg Kadatpovot, Kal dev- 
dpa dvaoTxCyot rrpoppt^a, dtaviordaevot elg rovg omodiovg 15 
TTodag. Toaovrov de eloiv evrc&dGaevroi Kal tivaooocfroL, 
coore Kal Xt&d&tv enl ckottov uavtidvovoi, Kal birXoig 
XP'f]C!-&at, Kal velv. — 6. 'Ev f Po3/^ irore ttoXXgjv eXefydv- 
tg)v Txpodt6aaKO\iev(x>v ordoeig rivdg loraodai, 7rapa66Xovg, 
Kal Ktvrjoetg dvoeXiKrovg dvaKVKXelv, elg 6 dvouatieorarog 20 
avrtiv, aKovuv KaKtig eKaorore, Kal KoXa^ouevog iroXXd- 
Kig, &6-&TI vvKrbg avrbg d(f>' eavrov irpbg rrjv ceXrjvrjv rd 
fia-&7][iara fieXertiv. — 7. "AXXog rig vnb r£>v Traidapicdv 
Trp07T7]XaKLO$elg ev 'Pco/^, rolg ypacpelocg rr\v npo6ooKida 
Kevrovvrov, eva avrojv ovXXa6cbv Kal aereoipov ei-dpag, 35 
enldo^og r\v aTrorvanavlaeiv Kpavyijg de rdv napovrov 
yevoaevrjg, drpeaa irpbg rr)v yr)v irdXiv aTrrjpeicraro, Kal 
TraprjXtiev, dpKovoav rjyovuevog diKr\v rep rrjXiKOvro) (f>o6- 
7}&?jvat. — 8. Hepl de rtov dyplcov Kal avrovoaojv eXe- 
(pdvrcjv aXXa re ^avadcia Kal rd nepl rag diabdcetg rcov 30 
norautiv laropovar TTpo6ta6aivei yap emdovg eavrbv 
veurarog Kal \1iKp6rarog' ol de ear dreg dno^ecjpovoiv, 
&g, dv eKelvog vnepalpxi tw ueyedei rb pevua, ttoXXtjv rolg 
\Lei^oai npbg rb tiappelv nepiovaiav rrjg aofyaXeiag ovoav. 
E 



50 NATURAL HISTORY. 

9. 'H tifipa rtiv eXe(f)dvr(x)v roidde sGriv. 'KvaSavrsg 
enl rivag rtiv n-&aGGtiv nai dv6psiu)v 6itinovGi, tcai, orav 
KaraXd6<*)Gi, rvnrsiv irpoGrdrrovGi rovrotg, sojg av snXv- 
gojgl. Tors 6s 6 sXsrpavrLGrfjg s7niT7]6rjGag Karsv&vvst rti 
5 Spsndvcp' rax^g 6s fisrd ravra n-daGGSvsrat nai ttsi&- 
ap%sl. 'JZm6e6r]ic6rog p,sv ovv rov sXsfyavriorov anav- 
rsg npaslg sIglv orav 6' dnody, ol p,sv, ol 6' ov- dXXd rtiv 
ei-aypiovfjLSvojv rd ixpoodia gksXt\ 6sg\lsvovgl Gsipalg> iv' 
rjGvxd^ooGiv. 

The Rhinoceros, 

10 10. "EoTt £tiov, b naXslrai fisv dirb rov GVfi6s6?]fc6ro^ 
pcvoitspog, dXtcyi 6s nai f3ia 7tapaTrXf]GL0v sXsfyavn, rti 6s 
vipsi ransLvorspov. Tijv \isv 6opdv iGxvpordrrjv s%si, rr\v 
6s xpoav TTV%osi6r]. 'E7U 6' axpov rtiv fivKrrjpcjv (jjspsi 
Kspag, rti rvncp gmov, t^ 6s Grsps6rr\ri Gi6r\p(p irapsfxpspsg. 

15 Tovro, TTSpl r?jg vofirjg dsi 6ia(psp6iisvov sXsfyavri, rd fisv 
Kspag TTpog riva rtiv [xsl^ovcjv irsrptiv drjysi, GVfinsGov 6* 
elg \id%r\v rep ixposipr\\isv(p ■&7fpL(*>, nai imo6vvov vrrb rrjv 
KOiXiav, dvappijrrsi rti tcspart, Katidnsp i-i<psi, rrjv Gapna. 
"Orav 6s 6 sXscpag, fyddaag rr\v vnb rr\v KOiXiav vtt66vglv, 

20 rfi Trpo6oGfti6i irpoKaraXd6?jraL rov pivonspuv, Txspiyiyvs- 
rai pa,6iG)g, rvnroyv rolg 66ovgl, nai ry (31a ttXsov Ig%vg)v. 

The Hippopotamus. 
11. f O naXovusvog Innog rip fisysdsi \isv sGriv ovrc 
eXdrrcjv tt7]x<*>v Trsvrs, rsrpdrrovg 6' tiv nai 6ixf]Xog rrapa- 
TrXrjGLcog rolg j3ovgI, rovg x av ^o6ovrag sx eL pufrvg rtiv 

25 dypio)v vtiv, rpslg si; djX(j)orsp(i)v rtiv \isptiv tira 6s nai 
itsptcov nai (pd)vf}v inrrcp 7rapsp,<p£prj, rb 6' oXov Kvrog rov 
Gti\iarog ovn dv6\ioiov sXscpavrt, nai 6spp,a navruv gxe6ov 
rtiv ■& / i]pi(ov LGxvporarov. HordfMov vndpxov nai x e P~ 
Galov, rag fisv rjfispag sv rolg v6aGi 6iarpl6si, rag 6s 

30 vvtcrag snl %wpa^ Karavs\israi rov rs Glrov feat rov x°?~ 
rov tiors si ixoXvrsKvov t\v rovro rb %tiov, nai tear' sviav- 
rov srtKrsv, sXv\iatvsro dv oXoGX^pcog rag ysopylag rag 
Kar' Atyvrrrov. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 51 

The Camel. 

12. At Kd\ir(koi idiov exovgl rrapd rd aXXa rerpdnoda 
rbv ttaXovuevov vdov enl ro> vuru)- diacpepovoi de at 
Bdnrpiai ruv 'Apadiuv at fiev yap dvo exovaiv v6ovg, 
at <T eva uovov. f H K.d\.ir\Xog ttvei fxev dena psryvag, rl/crei 
de alei ev \lovov. Zy de xpovov rroXv irXelo) rj nevrrjtcovra 5 

m 
ET7). 

The Ape with a Dog's Head. 

13. Ol ovo^a^ofxevot fcvvoite<paXoi rolg fiev ocjfxaaiv 
dv&punoig dvoeideai TrapefMpepelg eloi, ralg de (puvaig 
fivyiiovq dv&poTTLVovg irpotevrai. 'Aypiurara de ravra 
rd (wa ical navreXtig ari'&daaevrd eoriv. 10 

The Crocottas. 

14. 'O Xeyoaevog irapd AWloipi KpoKorrag \ie\iiyp,evr\v 
EXSL (pvatv Kvvbg koZ Xvkov, rrjv de aypibrryra (po6epo)- 
ripav dfMpoTEpcjv Tolg ds bdovai irdvrcjv vnepdyei. Hdv 
yap ogtgjv p,eye&og ovvrpiferai padiojg, nal rb tcarairo&ev 
did rr\g tcoiXiag irerrei irapadbgcjg. 15 

The Fox. 

15. Ol Qpaftsg, orav irayevra ixoraphv diabaiveiv em- 
XELpGJOLV, aXuirena iroiovvrai yvvjiova rr\g rov irdyov 
OTeppOTTjTog. 'Havxij yap virdyovaa napa6dXXei rb ovg- 
Kav fiev alcr&Tjrat ipocpci) rov pevuarog eyyvg virocpepofievov, 
reKuaipofievT) jirj yey ovevai did (3d$ovg rfjv irrjgiv, dXXd 20 
XenrrjV tcai d6e6aiov, lararai, ndv ea rig, eiravepx^rai' 
tw de fir) ipo(f)elv ftappovoa, dir)X-&ev. 

The Deer. 

16. TCdv eXd(j)(jdv at drjXeiai \idXiara rinrovai irapd 
rfjv bdbv, bizov rd oapaobopa -&r}pia p) irpoaeioiv ol de 
dppeveg, orav aladoivrai (3apelg virb ixi\ieXr\g nai iroXvaap- 25 
Kiag bvreg, efcroni^ovai, aoy^ovreg avrovg tg> Xav&dveiv, 
ore ro> (fyevyeiv ov ireiroidaciv. 



52 NATURAL HISTORY. 

The Hedgehog. 

17. f H rdv xtpoaiuv ex'ivuv nepl rCJv gkv/jlvlo)v npovoia 
ndvv yXacpvpd eon. Meroncjpov yap vnb rag dfineXovg 
vno6vop,evog, Kal rolg nool rag pdyag dnooeloag rov (3br- 
pvog xa^a^e, Kal nepiKvXio-delg, dvaXa/i6dvet ralg dfcdv- 

5 dacg- elra Karadvg elg rov (puXebv, rolg OKv\ivoig xPV G ^ ai i 
Kal Xa\ibdveiv an' avrov ra\iievo\iivoig napadidooL. To 
de KOiralov avrtiv ondg exec ^vo, rrjv p,ev npbg vorov, rr\v 
de npbg (3opeav f3Xenovoav brav de npoaioduvrai rrjv 
dia<popdv rov depog, efMppdoaovoL rr\v Kar' avep,ov, rr\v de 
10 erepav dvolyovoiv. 

The Dog. 

18. Hvppog, 6 (3aGiXei)g, odevov evervxe kwI (ppov- 
povvri otifAa nefyoveviievov, nal nv&6p,evog rpLTTjv r\\iepav 
efceivTjv doiTOV napa\ieveiv Kal \it] d7roXiTTE.lv \ rov fiev 
VEKpbv ekeXevoe ddijjai, rov de Kvva fie-fy' kavrov ko\ii^eiv. 

15 'OXlyatg de vorspov r\\iepaig e^eraGtg rjv rojv Grpart0)rcjv, 
Kal ndpodog, Kadrjfievov rov fiaoiXeiog, Kal nap-qv 6 kvcov 
7]Gvxiciv e'x 0)V ' ^ 7r£ ^ °^ rovg tyoveag rov deGnorov nap- 
tovrag eldev, e^edpafie p,erd tfiuvjjg Kal dvpov en' avrovg, 
Kal KadvXaKrEt noXXaKtg [leraGrpecpdfievog elg rov livppov 

QO&ore p,7] \iovov ekeivo) dt' vnoifjlag, dXXd Kal ndoi rolg 
napovoc rovg dv$pd)novg ysvscfdar did ovXXrjdy&evreg 
evdvg nal dvaKpivb\ievoi, \iiKpdv rivov reK\ir\p'adv ei;G)$ev 
npooysvojiEvov, b\ioXoyi\Gavreg rov <povov, EKoXdo^rjoav. 

19. Kvoi\iaxog Kvva elx^v 'TpKavbv. Ovrog vsKpti re 
25 \iovog napsfiEivev avrG), Kal Kaio\ievov rov oojftarog evdpafi- 

Cdv avrbg kavrov enepptipe. Td d' avrd Kal rov 'Aarbv 
dpaoai Xeyovatv, bv Hvppog, oi>x 6 (3aGiXevg, dXX' erepog 
rig Idi&rrjg, e-dpeipev dnotiavbvrog yap avrov, nspl rb 
oojfia 6iarpl6(x)v, Kal nspl rb kXlvlSlov alcopovfievog £K<pe- 
SOpojJbevov, reXog elg ri)v nvpdv d$r\KEv kavrov Kal ovyKare- 
Kavoe. — $>aal rov npoyrevovra Kvva rCJv 'IvdiKoJv eloax- 
$evra npbg 'AXe^avdpov, eXd(f>ov dfoefievov Kal Kanpov 
Kal dpKrov, rjavxtav exovra Kelodai, Kal nepwpdv; ocpdev- 



NATURAL HISTORY. 53 

rog Se Xsovrog svdvg E^avaorr\vai Kai diaKovisoftai, Kai 
(pavepov elvai avrov ttolovjievov dvrayG)viar?jv, rdv 6e 
dXXo)v imep<ppovovvTa navrov. 

The Raven. 

20. '0 ftopat; 6 7]8t] yepuv, orav p) dvvrjrai rpecpeiv 
rovg vsorrovg, bavrbv avrolg nporelvei rpo<pY]v ol 6e 5 
kotiiovai rbv narspa. Kai rrjv Txapoijitav evtevMv cbaoi 
rr\v yivsoiv Xadslv, rrjv Xsyovoav Kaicov KOpaKog Kattov 
o)6v. 

The Pelican. 

21. Qaai rovg TrsXsKdvag rag ev rolg Trorapolg ysvo^E- 
vag Koyxag bpvrrovrag Karea-&Letv enetra orav rrXrj'dog 10 
Elc(popr]OG)OLV avrCdV, e^ejjleIv, eld' ovrog rd fiev upea 
soMelv rcov Koyx&v, tuv 6e oorpdncov fir) anrEofiai. 

The Ostrich. 

22. Ol orpov&ondfxrjXoc fiEys&og e%ovoi vsoyEvsl Kafif)Xco 
TTapanXrjOLOV, rag 6s K£<paXdg iTEfypiKviag dpc^t XsTcralg, 
rovg 6i ocpdaXfiovg [isydXovg, teal /card rrjv %poav fisXavag. 15 
MaKporpdxrjXov 6' vndpxov, pvyxog £%££ Ppaxv iravrsXaJg, 
nai Eig 6%v Gvvr\y\iEvov. 'E7rrepwrai ds rapaolg \ia\anolg 
Kai TErptx^evoig, Kai dvoi gkeXeol orrjpi^o^Evov, Kai nooi 
StXrjXoig, x e po°~ L0V <V« (paivETai Kai ttttjvov. Am 6s to 
(3dpog ov dvvdfisvov k^apat Kai irsrEO&aL, Kara rr)g y^SO 
G)KE(*)g aKpotarsl, Kai, 6lo)k6[ievov vnb royv Itttteojv, rolg 
TToai rovg vrroniTrrovrag Xldovg ovrcjg svrovog aixoa^EV- 
dova rrpbg rovg dtdjKovrag, &ote noXXaKig Kaprspalg TrXrj- 
yalg avrovg TXEpiTxi-nrEiv. 

The Magpie. 

23. KovpEvg rig Epyaarrjptov ex^v sv 'Pufirj rrpb rov 25 
TEfisvovg, 6 KaXovoiv t ~EiXXr]vo)v dyopdv, davfiacrov ri 
XPW a TToXv<f)G)vov Ktrrrjg erpeQev, r) dv&pdjirov pr\\iara Kai 
{hypEiovg (pdoyyovg avraTrsdidov, Kai ipocpovg opydvcjv, 
\ir)dsvbg dvayKa^ovrog, aXX' avrrjv s$i£ovoa, (jyiXonfxov- 

E 2 



54 NATURAL HISTORY. 

\ievr\ fj,rj6ev apprrrov dnoXinelv, fj,rjde d\ii\irrrov. "F,TV%e 
de Tig eael t&v ttXovoiojv eKKO\ii^6\ievog vno odXiuy^i 
iroXXalg, tcai yevo\ievr\g, &Gnep eioy&e, Kara tov tottov 
Eiuoraoetec;, EvdoKijiovvTEg ol oaXmyKTal Kai keXevo^evoi, 
5 noXvv xpovov evdierpiipav. f H 6e Ktrra pera tt)v i\\iipav 
ekeivtjv d^oyyog r)v Kai avavdog. Tolg ovv nporepov 
avTr)g -Savfid^ovoi tt)v (fyoivrjv tote $avp,a jiet^ov 7) okottt) 
TTap£l%Ev vuoxpiai ds cpappaKov kni Tovg 6fj,OT£%vovg 
rjaav ol ds ttXeiotoi Tag odXmyyag siKa^ov eKnXrj^ai tt)v 
10 a/corjv, t%i d' aitoy ovynaTEobkoftai tt)v (f}G)vr)v. r Kv de 
ovdsTspa tovtov, dXX' doK7]oig y d>g eoiKev a<pvcj yap 
av$ig d(prjicev, ovdev tCjv ovvtj'&cjv nai naXaitiv fiifirj^drcov 
ekeivcjv, dXXa rd \ieXt\ tgjv oaXniyyov, avralg nEpiodoig 
(bdeyyofievrj, nai p,eTa6oXdg ixdoag die^iovaa. 

The Crocodile, 

25 24. f O KpoKodsiXog k£ kXaxl^rov yivsTai fieyiarog, &g 
av <ba {lev tov £c5ov TiKTovTog Tolg %7)veioLg napanXrjoia, 
tov de ysvvrj'devTog av£,o\ievov \L£%pi nrix&v knnaLdeiia. 
To de c£d\ia -davpaoTtig virb Tr\g (pvoeoyg &%vp<*)Tai. To 
fj,ev yap 6epp,a avrov ndv <poXido)Tov eotl Kai t^j GtiXrjpd- 

20 T7 ] ri diatpepov, odovTeg de e% d[Mf)OTepG)v tujv \iepG)v virdp- 
%ovoi ttoXXoi, dvo de ol %avXiodovTeg, ttoXv tw fieyeftei. 
T&v dXXoyv di.aXXaTTOVTeg. ZapKotyaysl de ov \xovov dv- 
■fipoyrrovg, dXXa Kai tgjv aXXuv tlov etti rr)g yrjg £u)ov to, 
irpooneXd^ovTa tco noTafiG). ILXrjdog d' avT&v dfivtirfTOV 

25 eoji Kara tov NetAov Kai Tag irapaKEiUEvag Xifivag, d>g av 
TToXvyovcjv te 6vt(*)v Kai onaviojg vrro tgjv dv&pG)TT(*>v 
dvaipov\ievu)v. Tolg \iev yap eyx^piuv Tolg nXeiOToig 
vdfiifjbdv eGTiv tog -debv oebea^ai tov KpOKodeiXov rolg d' 
aXXocf)vXoig aXvaiTeXi)g egtiv 7) -&7jpa TravTsXiog, ovk ovarjg 

30 Edtedifiov T7jg oapKog. 'AA/T op,ojg rov 7TXr}-&ovg tovtov 
(pvofiEVOV Kara t£)V avtipcjiruv, z) (f)vmg KaTEOKevaoe \ieya 
@07]d7}[ia. f O yap KaXov^ievog Ixvevfiov TrapaTrXrjOiog £>v 

filKpiJ KVVL, TTEpLEpXerai Td TGJV KpOKodElXoiV G)d OWTpl6(*)V, 

riKTOVTOjg tov tyov napd rov uoTa\i6v, — 35. f O KpoKoduXog 



NATURAL HISTORY. 55 

h\u ocpdaXuovg \ilv vbg, odovrag 6e fieydXovg nai %avXio- 
dovrag Kara Xbyov rov ou)\iarog' yXoJooav tie \ibvov 
-&rjpio)v ovk, ecbvoE' ovSs rr\v kclto) Kivel yvdtiov, dXXd rr\v 
aw yvdtiov Trpoadyet rq ndrco- e%ei 6e ovvftag icaprepovg, 
nai depfia XeTudoyrbv apprjitrov eni rov vtirov rvcpXbv 6e 5 
ev vdarc, ev 6e rr\ aiftpia d^vdepneorarov. 

The Ephemeron. 

26. Hepl rbv "Tnaviv v:ora\ibv rbv nepl Boonopov 
rbv KififiepLov, yiyverai C,dov rrrepurbv, rerpdrzovv. Zq 
6e rovro not nererai e$- etodivov \i£XP l ^ £i ^ r ]^' ftaracpep- 
Ofievov 6e rov 7]Xiov, dirojiapaiverai, kcll d\ia dvoaevG) 10 
anodv-riGicei, f3iovv rjfiepav \iiav 6w nai naXelrai 'F,(brj- 
fiepov. 

Bees. Geese. 

27. Qavfxarog ai-ia rd rtiv Kpqniccdv fieXtoaiov, nai 
rd rdv ev KiXikio, xrjvtiv. '~E>jc£ivcll aev yap dveuaJdeg 
ri fieXXovocu KdjiTTTELv dfcpurijpiov, epaari^ovoiv eavrdg, 15 
vnep rov fii] napcupepsodai, \iittpolg Xtdidioig. 0/ 6e %r]veg 
rovg derovg dedot/coreg, orav vnepdaXXcjat rbv Tavpov, 
elg rb oro\ia Xtdov evfieyedrj Xa[i6dvovatv, olov em(JTO[ii£- 
ovreg avrtiv ttai ftaXivovvreg rb (f)LX6<po)vov nai XdXov, 
oncjg ?^d$(ooi OHDnij TrapeXSovreg. 20 

Of some Marine Animals. 

28. Tr\g vdpicrjg rj 6vva\ng ov \iovov rovg -biyovrag av- 
ri\g efCTrfjyvvGLV, dXXd fcai did rr\g aayfjvrjg $apvrr\ra vap- 
kmSt) ralg %epal rtiv dvnXafi&avouevov eairoiel. "F,vwl 
6e loropovoi, -nelpav avrrjg emrcXeov Xajidavovreg, dv 
eKTxeoxt ^CJaa, naraonedavvvvreg vdo)p avoftev, aloddvea- 25 
•&ai rov Trddovg avarpe%ovrog enl rr\v %eipa, tcai rr\v d(j>i]v 
afidXvvovrog, d)g eome, did rov vdarog rpenofievov nai 
7rponE'KOv-&6rog. — 29. f mvvorrjpag ^cjov eon tcapnivudeg, 
nairy TTLVvycvveorL, /cat rrv?Ui)pel rr\v fcoyxqv TrpoKa^rjixe- 
vog, ecjv dv£Ct)y{j,£V7)v nai di,aicex7]VVLav, d^pi TrpoGTrecrq ri 30 
rdv dXuoLfjiov avrolg l%dvdiw rore 6e rrjv Capua rr\g 



56 NATURAL HISTORY. 

irlvvrjg daft&v ixap£iar\X^£v r) d'e ovvekXeloe ttjv Koyxrjv, 
Kal Koiv&g rr\v dypav evrog IpKOvg yEVojiEvrjv Karsc&l- 

OVGLV. 

The Pilot-fish and the Whale. 

30. f O KaXovfiEvog rjyeficbv del ovveotlv kvl rdv fisyd- 
5 Xo)v Krvr&v, Kal npovf)x£Tai, tov Spo^ov ettev&vvcjv, onog 

ovk evo%£&r]0£Tai, (3pdxeoiv, ovSe dg TEvayog rj riva 
irop'&iibv £fj,rr£0£lraL dvosgodov. "Yifrerai yap avrco to 
Kfjrog, tionsp o'lara vavg, ixapayo\iEvov Eimsidtig' Kal r&v 
fi£.v dXXcov 6, tl dv napaXddrj tg) %dc\LaTi ^tiov rj OKatpog 

10 i] Xiftov, Ev&vg dt£<p-&aprai Kal drroXojXE, irdv e[i6e6v-&l- 
g/isvov' ekelvo 6e yiyvdoKov, dvaXa\ibdv£i tg) oro\iari 
Ka$dn£p ayKvpav evTog. 'RyKaftEvdEi yap avrcp, Kal to 
KTJTog £GT7]K£v dvanavop,EVOv Kal bp\i£~i- Tcpo£)&6vTog 6e 
avtitg £TcaKoXov&£l, fxfJTE rjfispag, \ir\re WKTog airoXuTTOfiE- 

15 vov, rj p£\ib£Tai Kal nXavaTac Kal noXXa dtscp'&dprj, Kadd- 
nep dKv6epvr]Ta npog yrjv Ei;eve%&£VTa. 

The Tortoise. 

31. QavfiaoTr) r) Tr)g 'Xje.X&vrig nepl Tr)v ysveaiv Kal 
G(x)T7)plav tu>v yevvo)fievG)v kiri\ikXEia. Tiktec fiev yap 
EKtatvovGa Trig daXaTTrjg TrXrjOtov Eiroid&iv ds fir] dvvafi- 

20 £^77, [irjde %£pGEVEiv rroXvv xpovov, EVTi^rjUL tt\ ipdfifMx) 
Ta (ha, Kal to XsiOTaTOV E-aa\iaTai Tr\g -&tvdg avTOtg Kal 
fiaXaKO)TaTOV OTav ds KaTax&>o%) Kal dnoKpyiprj (3£6aLG)g, 

01 flEV XkyOVGL TOtg TTOGIv dpLVTTELV Kal KaTaOTL^ELV TOV 

tottov, EVGr\\iov kavT^f iroiovoav, ol 6e, ttjv -&f)XEiav V7TO 
25 tov dppsvog Tp£-no\LEvr\v, Tvnovg Idiovg Kal G<ppayl6ag ev- 
aiToXELTTELv. ,v O 6s tovtov $avfiaGLG)T£pov egtlv, r\\iEpav 
£K(f)vXd^aGa TEoaapaKOOTrjv [ev ToaavTaig yap EKixETTETai 
Kal T£pippr\yvvTai Ta d)d) npooEioi, Kal yvoyploaaa tov 
savTrjg EKaOTrj drjoavpov, <bg ovdslg xpvoiov dfJKrjv av&po)~ 
30 7ro£, do[j,£VG)g dvoiyei Kal Trpo^vficog. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NOTICES. 57 

The Magnet. Nitre. 
32. f H Xl-&og, r)v ~Evpt7Tidrig /lev \iayvr\nv chvopaoev, ol 
Se noXXol 'HpaKXetav, ov fiovov avroijg rovg daKrvXtovg 
dyei rovg oidrjpovg dXXa Kai 6vva\itv evri§r\oi rolg danrv- 
Xioig, coare dvvaodai ravrbv rovro ttoisiv, oirep rj Xi-&og, 
aXXovg dyeiv daKrvXtovg- toor' eviore opjiatidg p,aKpog 5 
irdvv oidr/pcov SaKrvXccov e<; dXXrjXcov TJprrjrat, iraac 6s 
rovroig ei; eKELVTjg rrjg Xitiov r) Svva\iig dvrjprrjrai. — 33. 
'Ev ttj 'AoK.avia Xi\wq ovro) vcrptodeg eon rd vdcop, coare 
rd l/idria ovdevog erepov pv\i\iarog TrpoodeloSar kclv 
nXelco xpovov ev rd> vdarc edo%\ rig, diaTni-nrei. 10 



MYTHOLOGY. 

Mythological Notices, 

1. f O ovpavbg %aXKovg eon rd ego). 'Tnepdavrc 6$ 
Kai enl rov vtorov yevofievco cpcog re Xafirrporepov cpalverat, 
Kai fjXtoc Kadaptorepog, Kai aorpa diavyecrepa, Kai XP V ~ 
oovv to ddrcedov. ~EIo~l6vtl Se, Trpcorov fiev olnovoiv at 
r Qpar rcvXcopovoc yap- eixeira 6e, r) r lptg, Kai 6 'Epp,r)g, 15 
bvreg vnrjperat Kai o,yyeXiacpopoi rov Awg. 'E^rjg 6e 
rov 'Kcpalorov rd xaXKelov, dvd\ieorov aTrdarjg rexvqg' 
fierd Se, at rtov -decoy oiiciai, Kai rov Aidg rd fiaolXeia, 
ravra Tcdvrcog TrepiKaXXr) rov 'TLcpatarov KaraoKevdoav- 
rog. Ol 6e -&eol napd Zrjvl Ka$r)uevoL evcoxovvrai, veKrap 20 
nfvovreg Kai dfidpootav ec&iovreg. ILdXai fiev ovv Kai 
avdpojTTOt ovvELGTicovro, Kai ovveiuvov avrolg, 6 'I^tiov Kai 

6 TdvraXog- enel 6e rjoav vbpioral Kai XdXoL, eKelvoc \iev 
en Kai vvv KoXd^ovrat, abarog 6e rto -&vrjrcdv yevei Kai 
dTTopprjrog 6 ovpavog. * 25 

2. Ol -deol ovre olrov edovotv, ovre rrtvovacv olvov, 
dXXd rr)v a\i6pooiav rraparL^evrat, Kai rov veKrapog fiLed-- 
voKOvrai, \LaX10ra 6e rjdovrai mrov\ievoi rov eK rcov 



58 MYTHOLOGY. 

tivoitiv Kaizvbv avrxj kv'loc%i dvrjveypevov, Kal rb alpa 
T(ov lepeiuv, o rolg j3o)polg ol -&vovreg 7repiX£OVGi.—3. 
Qvoiag dXXoi dXXag rolg -&eolg Trpoodyovat' j3ovv pev 6 
yeupybg, dpva de 6 iroipijv, Kal alya 6 alnoXog- 6 de rtg 
5 Xidavorbv r) ixo-navov 6 de Trevrjg IXdoKerai rbv &ebv 
<j)iXr)oag povov rrjv avrov de^idv. 

4. 0/ nXdorai, rbv pev bda dvanXdrrovaL yeveir\rr\v 
Kal OKTjTTTpov exovra, Hooeidojva Kvavox^irrrv^ rr)v 'A&rj- 
vdv napdevov KaXijv, yXavK&mv, alyida dve^cjopevrjv, 

10 Kopvv (pspovaav, dopv e%ovoav, rr)v r/ Hpav XevKcoXevov, 
evtimv, evelpova, $aoiXuir\v, Idpvpevrjv em XP VG0V &p6v- 
ov, 'AnoXXova peipaKiov yvpvbv ev xXa\ivdi<jd, ro^orrjv, 
diabebr\Kora rolg noolv tio-rrep deovra. — "Etcaorog rCJv 
decoy rexvrjv rivd ex u r) deolg rj dv&pG)noig xP r l OL l ir } v ' 

15 f 'AttoXXmv pavreverai' 6 'AoKXrjmbg larar 6 '~Eppr)g 
TraXaieiv dtddoKei' r) "Apreptg paieverar ol kiooKOvpoi 
rovg ev daXdoori xeipa&pevovg vavrag oco^ovolv, dXXot 
de dXXa roiavra emrrjdevovoiv. 

5. Tovg £ubg ercyovovg cpaol yeveodat, tiedg pev, 'Acppod- 
20 irrrv nai Xdpirag, rrpbg de ravraig ~ElXei$viav, nai rrjv 

ravrrjg ovvepybv "Aprepiv, nai rag npoaayopevopevag 
"Qpag, ~Evvopiav re nai AiKr/v, en d' Elpfjvrjv deovg de, 
"HfpcuGTOV nai "Apea teal 'AnoXXova, npog de rovrotg 
r Epprjv. — Tovrov de endarcd pvdoXoyovai rbv b.ia rtiv 

25 evpeftevrov vtt' avrov nai ovvreXovpevov epyo)v rag 
emorrjpag Kal rag ripdg rr)g evpeoecog dnovelpai, /3ovX6- 
pevov aidviov avrolg 'nepntoirjoai pvrjprjv irapa rrdcrtv 
dvftp&TTOig. ILapadodrjvai de t%j pev 'AcppodtTr) rrjv re 
rtiv rrap"&evG)v rjXiKtav, ev olg xp ovoi S ^ yapelv avrdg, 

30 Kal rr\v aXXrjv empeXetav, rrjv ert nai vvv ev rolg ydpoig 
yivopevrrv perd $voiQ>v Kal cirovdtiv, dg ttolovolv av&pto- 
ttoi riri deCp ravrrf. Talg de XdptOL dodjjvac rf\v rr)g 
oipeug Kooprjaiv, nai rb nardpx^v evepyealag, Kal ndXiv 
dpeibeo'&ai ralg upoor\Kovoaig x^P lGl Tovg evnotrjoavrag. 

35 6. 'ElXei'&VLav de Xa6elv rr)v nepl rag riKrovaag eiupeX- 
eiav, Kal tiepaneiav rdv ev rep r'lKreiv KaKoixa^ovaCdv 



MYTHOLOGICAL NOTICES. 59 

did Kal rag ev rolg roiovroig Kivdvvevovaag yvvatKag 
emKaXelo&ai jidXiara rrjv $ebv r avrrjv. "Aprefiiv de 
(paoLV evpelv rrjv rdv vtjttlcjv Traidicov depaneiav, Kal rpo- 
(pdg nvag apuo^ovaag rrj cpvoei rdv fipefydv &<p' r)g 
alriag Kal Kovporp6(pov avrrjv 6vop,d£eo$ai. Twv de 5 
dvofia^ofjievcjv 'tipdv eKaorrj doftrjvai rrjv ei:dvv\Lov rd^iv 
re Kal rov j3iov diaKOO\Lrjoiv, enl rjj \ieyiorrj rav dvdpd- 
7T0)v dcpeXeia- [irjdev yap elvat fiaXXov dvvdfievov evdai- 
\xova (3iov TrapaoKevdoai rrjg ~Evvo[iiag, Kal AiKrjg, Kal 
~E,lpr)vrjg. 10 

7. 'A&rjva de Trpoadirrovai rrjv re rdv eXaidv rjfiepcjaiv 
Kal <f>vreiav ixapadovvai rolg dvdpdnoig, Kal rrjv rov 
Kaprrov rovrov Karepyaaiav irpbg de rovroig rrjv rrjg 
eodrjrog KaraoKevrjv, Kal rrjv reKroviKrjv rex vr l v -> ^ TC ^ 
noXXd rdv ev ralg dXXaig emorr)p,aig eiorjyr)oacrSai rolg 15 
dv&pditoig' evpelv de Kal rrjv rdv avXdv KaraoKevijv, Kal 
rrjv did rovro)v avvreXovfjLevrjv p,ovoiKrjv, Kal rb avvoXov 
TioXXd rdv (piXorex^ddv epywv, d</>' dv 'Epydvrjv avrrjv 
rrpooayopevecrdai. 

8. Talg de Movaaig dodrjvai napd rov narpbg rrjv rdv 20 
ypa[j,fidrG)v evpeaiv, Kal rrjv rdv endv Gvv&eoiv, rrjv -npoa- 
ayopevofievrjv ixoirjriKrjv. "Kcpaiorov de Xeyovaiv evperrjv 
yeveotiai rrjg nepl rov aldrjpov epyaalag dndarfg, Kal rijg 
rrepl rov %aXKbv Kal xpvobv Kal dpyvpov, Kal rdv aXXo)v 
baa rrjv m rov ixvpbg epyaoiav emdexerai. Tbv "Aprjv25 
de fiv&oXoyovai irpdrov KaraaKevdaai navonXiav, Kal . 
arparidrag KaftonXioai, Kal rr)v ev ralg \idxaig evayd- 
viov evepyeiav eiorjyrjoaoftai, (povevovra rovg dnei^ovvrag 
rolg deolg. 

9. 'AnoXXova de rijg Ki&dpag evperrjv dvayopevovoi, 30 
Kal rijg Kar' avrrjv \iovaiKrjg- en de rijv larpiKrjv em- 
orrjurjv e^eveyKelv, did rrjg \iavrimjg rexvrjg yivofievrjv, 
6V rjg rb naXaibv avve(3aive -depaneiag rvyxdveiv rovg 
dppojorovvrag- evperrjv de Kal rov rot-ov yevdfievov, di- 
ddt-ai rovg eyx^piovg rd nepi rrjv ro^eiav. 'AnoXXuvog 35 
de Kal Kopcjvidog 'AokXtjitiov yevvrjdevra, Kal rroXXd 



60 MYTHOLOGY. 

napd rov frarpbg rtiv elg larpmrrv fiaftovra, irpooe'^evpelv 

rf]v re x eL povpyiav, teal rag rtiv (papfidfccjv cnevaoiag, nai 

pc^GJv 6vvd\ieig, nai naftoXov irpo6t6doac rr]v rexvrjv enl 

roaovrov, &ore d)g apx^ybv avrr)g teal nrlarrrv ri\ido$ai. 

5 10. Tw o" r Ep^ Trpood-nrovoi rag ev rolg noXejioLg 

ytvofievag eiriKfjpvtielag teal diaXXaydg nai onovddg. <fraol 

d' avrbv nai fierpa nai Grafted, teal rd ek rrjg e\nxopiag 

uepdrj npCJrov eixivorjoai, ical rb Xddpa rd rtiv dXXcov 

(HperepL^eo-dai. 'ElGrjyrjrrjv 6' avrbv ical rraXaiorpag yev- 

10 eoftai, nai rrjv dnb rrjg %EXd)vr\g Xvpav eiuvorjGai. Aiov- 

vaov 6e p,v&oXoyovoiv evperr)v yeveoftai rrjg djineXov, 

nai rrjg Trepl ravrrrv epyaalag, en <5' olvonouag, nai rov 

iroXXovg rCyv en rrjg onupag napixdv dixo^rjoavpl^eiv. 

11. Ai Movaac Aibg nai Mvrjfioovvrjg dvyarepeg elvai 

IfrXeyovrai. 'Hocodog rd bvb\iara avrtiv airocpaiverai ov- 

rcjg- 

KXelg) t', 'Evreprrrj re, QdXetd re, MeXnojievrj re, 
Tepi^ixoprj r', 'Eparw re, TioXv\ivid r', Ovpavlrj re, 
KaXXionrj #', r\ ocpecdv Trpcxpepeordrrj eorlv diraoetev. 
* * *■ * * 

20 12. f O TToXvg oficXog, ovg Idiurag ol aocpol naXovoiv, 
'Ofirjpcd re nai 'HoloSg) Trecddfievoc, ronov rivd vnb r%j yy 
ndvv (3a$vv "Adrjv vnetXrjcpaoL, fieyav re nai noXvx^pov 
rovrov elvai, nai %o(pepbv nai dvijXtov. BaatXevecv 6e 
rov x®> G \ iar0 S ddeXcpbv rov Atbg, UXovro)va fcetcXrjfievov. 

25 ILepip'pelo'&ai 6e rrjv x^P av avrov irorafiolg \ieydXoig re 
nai <po6epolg, nai etc p,6vo)v rtiv ovofidruv Konvroi yap, 
nai HvpupXeyidovreg, nai rd rotavra neaXrvvrai. To 6e 
fieytorov, r) 'Axepovoca Xi\ivr\ rrponetrat, npojrrj dexofievrj 
rovg dnavrojvrag, tjv ovk evu dianXevoai, r) TiapeX'&elv, 

30 dvev rov TTop-&iieG)g . Upbg de avr^j rig naftodix) nai nvXrj, 
ovarj ddafxavrlvrj, ddeX<ptdovg rov fiaoLXeug Alattog eon, 
rr)v (ppovpdv emrerpap-fievog, nai nap' avruy kvcjv rptice(p- 
aXog. Uepato&evrag Se rr\v Xi\ivr\v Xei\idiV virodexerai, 
fieyag, nai norbv, \ivr\\ir\g rroXefuov. Arjdrjg yovv did 

Zbrovro <bv6p,aorai. f O p,ev ovv HXovrcov nai f) Jlepae^ovrj 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 61 

fivvaarevovotv, vrnqperovai <T avrolg 'Epivvveg, ml $<56oj, 
Kai 'EpfiTJg. Ainaorai 6e Ka&qvrai dvo, Mivog re icai 
'Paddpavtivg, Kprjreg bvreg, teal viol rov Acog. Ovtol 6e 
rovg aev dya&ovg rcov dvdptiv teal dmaiovg neunovaiv eg 
rd 'RXvoiov nadlov, rw a,pLOTG) (3lg) avveoofxevovg- rovg 5 
6e novrjpovg ralg 'Epivvvoi, napadovreg, eg rov rr^g KoXda- 
e<og %tipov efcnefinovaiv. 

13. r O Kepdepog, 6 rov adov (ppovpdg, et%e rpelg fiev 
Kvvdv Ke^aXdg, rrjv 6e ovpdv dpdfcovrog, Kara 6e rov 
vcjtov navroiov bepeuv KecpaXdg. — 14. f O Tdprapog ronog 10 
eariv epe6u)dr)g ev adov, rooovrov and yrjg e^wv didoTrjfjia, 
baov an' ovpavov yrj. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 

I. APOLLO AND DIANA. 

1. Atjto), 7j rov Kotov -^vydrrfp, Kara rrjv yrjv anaaav 
v<p' "Hpag r)Xavvero, \L£%pi>g elg ArjXov eX-bovoa, yevva 
npvTTjv "Aprefitv v<f>' r)g fiato^elaa, vorepov 'AnoXXwa 15 
eyevvqaev. — "AprefMg fiev ovv, rd nepi -&r)pav aoK7}oaGa, 
nap-devog e\ieivev. 'AnoXXctv 6e, rr)v \iavrmr\v p,a$G)v 
napd rov ILavog, r\Kev elg AeX(f>oi>g, %pr\a\np8ovarig tote 
Qepidog. 'tig 6e 6 (ppovptiv rd \iavrelov ILv&cjv beptg eK(oX- 
vev avrov napeX&elv enl rd ^aaaa, rovrov dveX&v rd 20 
fxavrelov napaXafiddvec 

2. 'AnoXXuv 'Adfirjrcd, tg5 fiaoiXel r&v <J>epc5v ev Qeo~ 
aaXla, e-&rjrevGe, nai x\rr\aaro napd Moiptiv, tva, brav 
"Adfirjrog \ieXX%] reXevrav, anoXv&xi ^ov davdrov, dv 
efcovoiojg rig vnep avrov ^vrjOKetv eXryrai. 'Qg 6e r)X$ev 25 
i\ rov dvrjGtteiv rjfiepa, \ir\re rov narpdg, \it\te rr)g \n\rpdg 
vnep avrov $vr)o~KEiv tieXovroyv, "AX/crjorig, 7) avrov dXo%- 
og, vnepane&ave. Kal avrr)v ndXiv dvene\ityev r) Kopt] • 
d)g 6e evioi Xeyovoiv, 'HpafcXrjg (laxevduevog rip Qavdrcp. 

F 



62 MYTHOLOGY. 

3. 'AnoXXov Kal TLooeid&v, ttjv AaopsdovTog v6pcv 
TTSipaoaL diXovTEg, elKaotievrsg dv^punoig, vireaxovro eiri 
pi<r&& ru%iuv to Hepya{LQv rolg de TEixioaai tov ftioddv 
ova anEdidov. Aid rovro 'ArcoXXcov \jlev Xoifibv Ens^e. 

bUooEid&v 6e tcrjTog, b Tovg kv tg> Tredib) uvvrjpna&v dv- 
dpunovg. Xprjafxojv ds XsyovTCdv, dTraXXayr)v saeodat twv 
cvn<popa>v, sdv rtpodrj Aaopsdov 'Hgiovijv, ttjv -BvyaTspa 
avrov, (3epav ra> ktjtsi, ovTog Trpov&rjKS, ralg ttXtjolov Tr)g 
■daXdaarjg nsrpatg irpoaaprTjaag avrrjv. Tavrrp' Id&v ek- 
10 kel]levt\v 'HpaKXrjg, vtzeox^to o&oelv avrrjv, el rag imrovg 
rrapd AaofAsdovrog Xrpperac, dg 6 Zsvg ttoivtjv rr\g Tavv- 
firjdovg dpnayfjg idutcev avrch' dwaeev ds AaofisdovTog 
einovrog, KTsivag to K7\Tog 'Kgwvtjv soooe. Mr) fiovXo- 
fisvov 6e tov piodbv drrodovvai, 'HpaKXrjg avTdv diTEK- 

15 TELVE, KOL Tr]V TToXtV eIXeV. 

4. TdvTaXog \lev Aibg rjv nalg, ttXovtu) ds Kal Sojffi 
6ta(pEp(x)v, kot&kei TTjg 'Aaiag nspl ttjv vvv dvopa^opsvrjv 
UacpXayovlav. Aid ds ttjv Evysvsiav, &g <j>aoi, <piXog 
eysvETO t£)v -&sg)v km ttXeiov. "YoTspov ds tt\v evTV%iav 

20 ov (f)£pcov, Kal fiSTaax&v Koivr\g Tpans^Tjg Kal Trdarjg nap- 
prjciag, aTrryysXXs Tolg dv&pcjnoig Ta napd Tolg ddavd- 
Toig aTroppTjra. At' r)v air lav Kal ^wv sKoXda-^Tj, Kal 
TsXEVTTjoag aluviov Ti\M^piag r)$-iG)-&r), KaTa%&elg elg Tovg 
dastslg. — Tovtov 6' sysvsTo UsXoip vlbg Kal ~Ni66rj ftvyaT- 

25r}p. Avtt] 6' syEvvr\asv vlovg errrd, Kal -bvyaTspag Tag 
iaag, EvrrpsTTEta diafyepovoag. 'Errt ds tg> ttXtj^el tuv 
tskvcjv psya (f)pvaTTOfj,svr}, TrXsovaKig EKavxaTO, Kal Tr)g 
Arrrovg kavTrjv svTEKvoTspav diTEtpaivETO. Et#' r) p,sv 
Atjtco, xoXG)oa[i£V7], rrpoosTat-s tw fxsv ' AttoXXcjvi, KaTa- 

30 Tot-Evoat Tovg vlovg Trjg 'Ntodrfg, T^j d' 'ApTEfiidi, Tag -dv- 
yaTEpag. Tovtuv 6' vnaKovodvTOjv tt\ firjTpl, Kal KaTa 
tov avTov Kaipbv KaTaTot-EVodvTGJV Ta TEKva Trjg ~Nw67jg, 
gvveCtj avTTjv vcj)' f iva Kaipbv 6t-£G)g d\xa evtekvov Kal 
aTEKvov yEVsodai. — 5. ~Nl66tj 6e Qrj6ag dTToXtnovaa, npbg 

35 tov iraTEpa TdvTaXov tjkev sig ^iirvXov Trjg 'Aoiag- KaKEt 
Act Ev^afiEvrj, ttjv fiop^rjv slg Xl^ov p,ETE6aXE, Kal x^ iral 
daKpva vvKTop Kal ue$' r\\i£pav. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 63 

6. 'Auraiov, Avrovbr\g Kai ' Apioraiov nalg, rpa<j)Eig 
napd Xelpcjvt, Kvvr\ybg ediddxtir], Kai vorepov narebpudT) 
kv tw Kidaipcovt vnb rCdv ldlo)v nvv&v. Kai rovrov 

ETeXeVT7}0& TOV rpOTTOV, OTL TTjV "ApTE/IlV XoVO\i£V7]V e\6e. 

Kai (paoi, rr)v -&eov napaxpr\\ia avrov rr)v fiop(pfjv slg 5 
EAatyov dXXdgai, Kai rolg EnojiEVOig avrti TTEvrrjuovra 
Kvoiv EuSaXstv Xvaaav, v<p' G)v Kara dyvoiav sdpcj-dr)' 
airoXofiivov ds 'AKraluvog, ol KvvEg EmtyrovvTEg rov 
dsoTTOTTjv, Karo)pvovro, Kai %r)rr}Giv TTOLOVftEVOL -napEyiv- 
ovro km rb rov Xsipojvog dvrpov, bg EidcoXov KarEOKEvaoEV 10 
'AKraicjvog, b Kai rr)v Xvixtxv avrojv EiravcEV. 

7. 'AGKXrjmbg 'AnoXXojvog ixaig r)v Kai Kopovidog. 
Tovrov, rrjg avrov firjripog dno-davovGrjg, etl (3pE(f)og ovra, 
irpbg Xsipova rov KEvravpov rjvEyKsv 'AnoXXcjv, nap' J) 
Kai rr)v iarpiKr)v Kai rrjv Kvvr\yEriKr\v rp£$6\i£vog e6l6- 15 
dx&r)- Kai yEvdjiEvog %EipovpyiKog, Kai rrjv rixvrjv do- 
Krjoag Eni ttoXv, ov \lovov ekljXve rivag diro^vrjGKELV, 
dXX' dvrjyEi.pE Kai rovg dnodavovrag. Zsvg 6e (po6r)&Eig, 
p,r) XafjovrEg ol avSpunoi ^Epandav nap' avrov, (3orj$G)Giv 
dXXrjXoig, £KEpavvG)0£v avrov Kai did rovro opyio&sig 20 
'AttoXXcov KrEtvEi KvKACorrag, rovg rov Kspavvdv Ad Kara- 
GKEvdaavrag. V.Evg <5e e\ieXXi)ge pinrEiv avrov Elg Tdpra- 
pov d£7]$EtGr]g 6e Arjrovg, ekeXevgev avrov kviavrbv dvdpi 
$r\rEvoai. f O 61 rrapaysvofiEvog slg Qspdg npbg "Adp,r]rov, 
rov $£pr)rog, rovrco XarpEvojv enoipaivE, Kai rag {hjXsiag 25 
fioag naGag dtdv^aroKOvg ettoItjgev. 

It BACCHUS. 

1. AvKOvpyog, rralg Apvavrog, 'Rdoyvcov (3aGt,A£VG)v, ol 
Srpvfiova rrorajibv irapoiKOVGiv, E^daXs Alovvgov gvv 
ralg Bd&xaig slg QpaKTjv kX-ftovra. Kai AtovvGog fiEv 
Elg ftdXaGGav npbg QirLv, rrjv Nr]p£G)g, Kar£(pvys, BaKxat 30 
6e syivovro alxp>dX(*)roi, Kai rb avrcb GWEnofiEvov Sarv- 
pcjv TtXr)$og. At Se BdK,x aL kXv&rjGav E^accbvrjg, AvKovpyG) 
6e fiaviav evettoltjge Atovvoog. e O ds p,£iir)VG)g Apvavra 
rov nalda, dpniEXov vop,i£(ov KXrjp.a itonrsiv, tteXekel nXi)%aq 



64 MYTHOLOGY. 

arreKreive, Kal aKpurrjpidoag kavrbv eooycppovrjoe. Tr)g °*& 
■yrjg dfcdpnov \ievovorjg, exprjoev 6 debg, napncKboprjoeLV 
avrijv, dv ^avaro)-&y AvKovpyog. 'HSgjvoI 6e aKovoavreg, 
elg to Uayyalov avrov array ay ovr eg bpog, edrjoav naneX 
5 Kara Hiovvoov (3ovXrjOiv v<f>' lttttcjv diacpftapelg drcedosvev. 

2. AceXd&v 6e Qpdfcrjv, Kal rrjv 'lvdiKrjv anaoav, arf)Xag 
ekeI orrjaag, rjicev elg Qf)6ag, Kal rag yvvalnag rjvdyKaoe 
KaraXnrovoag rag olniag (3aKxeveiv ev rib Kidaip&vi. 
Uev&evg 6e, '~E>xiovog vlbg, napd Kadfiov elXrjficbg rrjv 

10 fiaoiXeiav, dienuXvs ravra yiyveadai, nai irapayevofievog 
elg Kitiaiptiva, rC)V Batcx<*> v KarduKoirog, vnb rrjg firjrpbg 
' Ay avrjg Kara \iavlav kfiekeia'&rj . } Ev6[iiae yap avrov 
■drjpiov elvac. 

3. BoyXdjievog 6e and rrjg 'Inapcag elg Naifov dta/cop- 
Ibioftrjvai, TvppTjvtiv XrjorpiKrjv e[u,o&u)oaro rpif)pr\- ol Se 

avrov evdefievoi, Na|ov \iev napenXeov, ryneiyovro 6e elg 
rrjv 'Aalav dnefjLrroXrjoovreg. 'O 6e rbv fiev lorbv Kal rag 
Kcjirag erxolrjoev ocpeig, rb 6e analog erxXr\ae kiggov Kal 
(Sorjg avXCdv ol 6e e\i\iavelg yevdjievoi, Kara rrjg daXaGGrjg 
20 ecpvyov, Kal eyevovro 6eX(f)lveg. 

4. 'iKapiog rbv Alowgov, elg rrjv 'ArriKrjv eXtiovra, 
-imedei-aro, Kal Xafi6dvec nap' avrov KXrjfia dyaxeXov. Kal 
ra nepl rrjv olvonottav fiavddvcjv, Kal rag rov -deov 6(x>prj- 
Gaoftai -&eX(j)v x^P Lra ^ dv&pddrcoig, d<pLKvelrai npog rivag 

25 noLfJievag, ol yevod\ievoi rov rrorov, Kal x^P 1 ^ vdarog 
di' r)6ovrjv dcfyeidtig eXKvoavreg, Tte§ap\idx'$a>i vofii^ovreg, 
dneKrecvav avrov. Me$' rjjiepav 6e vorjGavreg, edaijiav 
avrov. 'HpLyovrj 6e ry dvyarpl, rbv narepa fiaGrevovG'q, 
Kvov Gvvrj'&rjg, bvofia Maipa, r) rw 'iKaptG) Gvvetnero, rbv 

SOveKpbv kfirjvvGe- KaKelvrj odvpojievrj rbv rrarepa, eavrrjv 
dvrjprrjGev, 

III. MERCURY. 

'Epjit^, Maiag Kal Aibg vlbg, en ev Gnapydvoig wv, 
kKdvg, elg Jiiepiav rtapayiyverai, Kal KXenrei (36ag, dg 
evepev 'AiroXXoyv. "Iva 6e p,fj (pcopa-^elrj vnb rCov Ixv&v^ 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 65 

vnodrjfiara Tolg ttogi TrsptE^rjKS, Kal Ko\ilcag slg UvXov, 
elg anfjXatov anetcpvipe. Kal Taxeojg slg KvXXf]vr\v &xeto, 
Kal svpiGKEi npo tov avrpov VE\io\iEvr\v xeXuvrjv. Tavrrjv 
EKKaddpag, slg to KVTog %opda(; svTsivag, Xvpav evpe Kal 
irXrjK-pov. — 'AttoXXojv 6s Tag j36ag tyrtiv, slg HvXov 5 
afa/iveZrat, Kal Tovg KaroLKOvvrag dvsKpivsv. 01 6s I6slv 
fiev nalda eXavvovra scpaoKOV, ovk &x Elv ^ slnslv, noZ 
nore r)Xd$rjoav, 6cd to [ir] svpslv cx v og dvvaadac. Madd>v 
6s sk Trig \^OA>TiKr\g tov keuXo^otcl, npbg MaZav slg KvX- 
Xr\vr\v irapayiyvsTat, Kal tov 'Ep^T/v {jTcaTO' r) 6s dns- 10 
dsLJ-EV avTov kv Tolg orrapydvoig. 'AttoXXgjv 6s avTov 
tov iraZda rrpbg Ala KOfilaag, Tag j36ag dnyTSL. Aidg 
6s KsXsvovTog dnodovvac, rjpvslTO. Mr) nsi'&G}v 6s, aysi 
tov' ArroXXojva slg UvXov, Kal Tag (36ag dirodldodOLV. — 
'AKOvaag 6s Tr)g Xvpag, 6 'AnoXXoiv avTididoyoi Tag fioag. 15 
'Epfjbrjg 6s, TavTag vs/ioyv, avpiyya Txr\^d\isvog sovpi^sv. 
'AnoXXov ds, Kal TavTrrv (3ovX6p,£vog XatsZv, tt)v xpvor\v 
pdddov s6L6ov avTG), r)v sKSKTrrro (3ovkoXgjv, Kal Trjv \iav- 
TLKrjv kdidd!;aTO avTov. Zsvg de ai)Tbv Kf)pvKa savTOv 

Kal $£G)V V7T0X$0Vl(i)V TL^rjGLV. 20 

IV. MINERVA. 

1. KeKpoxjj avTOxti&v, cvfifyv&g l%wv aajfia dvdpbg Kal 
dpaKOVTog, Tr)g 'ATTiKrjg kdaoiXsvas Trp&Tog, Kal Tr)v yrjv, 
npoTspov Xsyo\isvr\v "AKTrjv, a<fi savTov KsKponiav (bvop,- 
aaev. 'Em tovtov, <f>ao~lv, s6o^s Tolg dsolg iroXeig KaTa- 
Xafiso"&ai, kv alg sfisXXov sx £lv Tifidg ISiag EKaoTog. 25 
T H/c£2> ovv irpGJTog Hogel6(x)v ettI Tr)v 'ATTiKrjv, Kal nXrjZag 
T'q Tptalvq, Kara \isor\v Trjv aKponoXiv dvs^rjvs -ddXaa- 
oav, rjv vvv 'UpEx^cda KaXovai. Merd 6s tovtov r\KSV 
'A$r)va Kal e^vtevgev kXaiav, r) vvv kv tw Hav6pooiG) 
dsLKWTai. Ysvo\iEvr\g 6s spi6og dpt(f)oZv TTEpl Tr)g x^P a ^-> 30 
'A-&r]vav Kal Hoast6C)va 6taXvaag, Zsvg KpiTag e6(s)ks 
Seovg Tovg 6(b6sKa. Kal tovtojv 6iKa^6vTG)v, r) x^P a r VS 
'ASrjvag EKpL$r], KsKponog fxapTvprjaavTog, otl irpdTov 
Tr)v sXaiav s<pvTevosv. 'Adrfva fxsv ovv a<^ kavTr)g Tr)v 
F2 



66 MYTHOLOGY. 

noXiv EK&Xeoev 'A-&?jvag- JIooeiSojv 6e, dvuC) opycadEig, 
to Qpidoiov nsdlov eneicXvas Kai rf\v 'Attiktjv vcpaXov 
EnoLTjaev. 

2. r Hv napd Qr]6aioig udvrig Teipsaiag, ~Evrjpovg Kai 
5XapttcXovg vvp,(f)7)g, yevdfievog rv<pXbg rovg 6()>-&aXp,ovg. 
Ov rrepi rrjg nrjpcjaECjg Kai juavriKrjg, Xbyoi Xiyovrai 
dtdcpopoi. "AXXol [iev yap avrbv vnb rdv deojv (paoi 
rvcpXoy'&rjvm, on rolg dv&punoig, a KpvnrEiv TJdeXov, 
£\t,r\vv£V dXXoi ds, vnb 'A$7)vag avrbv rvfiXodTJvai, on 

10 avrrjv yvavrjv ev Xovrpti elds. XapctcXovg 6s dEo/ievrjg 
rr\v -&EOV [r]v 6e npoG(ptXr)g ry 'A$r)va rj XapinXo)) dno- 
KaraoT7]aai ndXiv rovg ocfy&aXfiovg, fir] 6vva\iEvr\ rovro 
TTOtTjaac, rag duodg dtaKaddpaoa, naaav opvidov (puvriv 
ETToirjos cvvtevai, Kai OKTJnrpov avrib sdcjprjoaro, b cpspav 

15 bfioioyg rolg (3Xettovoiv k6ddi£ev. 

V. HERCULES. 

1. Uptira [aev ev Ne^ea flpiapbv Karsn£(f)V£ Xsovra. 
Asvrspov, ev Aspvrj noXvavxsvov EKravsv vdpav. 

To rpirov avr' kni rolg 'JZpvfidv&iov EKravs Kanpov> 

XpvaoKEpG)v fXacbov usrd ravr' TJypsvos rsraprov, 
20 TLiunrov, 6' opvc&ag SrvfupaXtSag e^eSlcj^ev. 

"Rktov, 'Ap,a%ovidog kojiloe ^oarr/pa (fyasivov. 

"E6(%zox>, Avyslov noXXrjv Konpov E^SKa&qpEV . 

"Oydoov, ek Kpr)T7}$£ nvpinvoov fjXaoe ravpov. 

~Eilvarov, ek Bp^Kijg Aio[ir]d£og Tfyaysv tnnovg. 
25 Trjpvovov, dsKarov, j3bag TJXaosv £% ^pv&Eirjg. 

'FtvdEKarov, Kvva KspSspov TJyaysv £% 'Atdao. 

AojdsKarov 6', rjvsyKsv kg r ~EXXdda xpvo~£a arjXa. 

2. 'HpaKXia \iv&oXoyovoiv ek Atbg y£VEO$ai. Ovrog, 
pcjuy ctiuarog noXv rtiv dndvrov disvsyKag, etttjX'&e 

30 tt)v olKOVfiEvrjv, KoXd%G)v fitv rovg ddtKovg, dvaiptiv 6e 
rd rrjv %&pav dolKTjrov noiovvra $7}pia' Tract 6' dv-dpun- 
oig rrjv kXsv&Epiav nspLnoLijoag, df]rr?]Tog usv kyivEro 
Kai arpG)rog, 6td 6e rag EvspyEOiag aftavdrov rLfxrjg etvxe 
nap' dv&punotg. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 67 

3. 'HpaitXeog naidbg ovrog oK.ra\ir\viaiov, dvo dpdnov- 
rag vnepfieyedeLg "Hpa enl rr)v avrov evvrjv eneuxpe, 
dia$$apT]vai rb f3pe(f>og -deXovoa. 'Em6oG)fj,evr)g de 'AXk- 
fj,r}vrjg 'Aucbtrpvova, r HpanXr)g diavaordg dyx^v enarep- 
aug ralg x E P OLV avTovg die^eupev. — 4. F,vpvadevg en- 5 
erage rw 'RpanXel rov Ne/xeov Xe ovrog rrjv dopdv KOfit^ecv. 
Tovro de £(oov r)v arpcorov, en Tvcptivog yeyevvrjuevov. 
Jiopevoaevog ovv enl rov Xeovra, nai elg rrjv Nepeav 
acfuicofievog, rov Xeovra ero^evae npojrov. 'Qg de e\ia$ev 
drpo)rov ovru, tw pondXcp ediuice. ^vy ovrog de rov 10 
Xeovrog elg a\±§icro\Lov oni)Xaiov avrov, 'HpaicXrjg rrjv 
erepav dncp/codourjoev eioodov, did de rrjg erepag eneior)X'de 
tgj -drjpLG), nai nepc&elg rrjv %elpa rip rpaxrjXo) Karea%ev 
ayxcjv, eo)g envt^e, nai tieiievog enl rcjv cjuov, enoai^ev 
elg MvKTjvag. — 5. "Ercrov enera^ev dftXov avrti rag Srvu- 15 
tyaXidag opvidag etcdtcj^ai. T Hv de ev SrvfMpdXG), noXei 
rrjg 'Apnadiag, ^rv^KpaXlg Xeyo\ievr\ Xtuvrj, noXXr^ ovv- 
rjpecprjg vX%]. ~Elg ravrrjv bpvetg ovve(pvyov anXeroi. 
'Aar/xavovvrog ovv 'HpajcXeog, nojg en rr)g vXrjg rag opvc- 
■dag efc6dXrj, xdX/cea nporaXa dcdoatv avrCd 'A-drjva, nap' 20 
'Hcpaiorov Xabovaa. Tavra ttpovojv enl nvog opovg ry 
Xluvrj napaneiuevov, rag opvt&ag ecpodec. At de rov 
dovnov oi>x vnouevovaac, uerd deovg dvtnravro, nai rov- 
rov rov rponov 'HpanXr)g ero^evoev avrdg. 

6. Ac6vTjg e6aotXeve nalg Hooetdtivog, 'Avralog, bg rovg 25 
%evovg dvayndfyv naXaieiv dvqpei. Tovrcp de naXaieiv 
dvayaa^ouevog, 'HpaiiXr)g, dpduevog dfifiaoi fxereoypov, dn- 
enretve' ipavovra yap yr\g loxvporarov ovvedrj yiyveoftai. 
Alb nai Yr)g nveg eefmaav rovrov elvat nalda. — 7. Merd 
Aidvrjv 'HpanXrjg Alyvnrov die^rjet. Tavrrjg edaoiXeve 30 
"BovGiptg, Hooeidtivog nalg. Ovrog rovg gevovg edvev 
enl j3w//gj Atbg, Kara ri Xoyiov. 'TUvvea yap err] dcpopia 
rr)v Alyvnrov KareXabe. Qpdoiog de eX#£)v en, Kvnpov, 
\idvrig rr\v emarr)ur\v, ecprj, rrjv dcpopiav navoecr&ai, edv 
i-evov avdpa r& Ail a^d^ai nar' erog. Bovoipig de, 35 
tuelvov nptirov G(pd^ag rov udvrtv, ndvrag rovg Karcov- 



68 MYTHOLOGY. 

rag %evovg eocpa^e. ^LvXXrjcpdelg ovv Kal 'HpaKXrjg rolg 

/3(t)jiolg Trpoo£(f)epsTO' rd de deofid dtapprj^ag, rov re Bov- 

Gipiv icai rbv eneivov iralda ' A\i$idd\iavra dneKretvev. 

8. Meraardvrog de 'HpaitXeovg elg tieovg, oi -naldeg 

Savrov, cpvyovreg F,vpva&ea, r)X$ov elg 'A-&r)vag, Kal na- 

'deo'&evreg em rov 'EAeou /3G)p,bv, rjt-iovv (3orj'&elo'&ai.. 

Hvpvc&eojg de eneivovg ercdidovai Xeyovrog, Kal TT6Xe\iov 

aneiXovvrog, oi 'A'&rjvaloi ova efcdidovreg avrovg ixbXe\iov 

rrpbg avrbv vnearrjaav. Kal rovg p,ev iraldag avrov 

10 drcefcretvav' avrbv de ~E,vpvcr&ea (pevyovra ecf)" dp\iarog 

itreivei dtcj^ag "TXXog, Kal rf\v \iev nt$aXr\v dirorefiCdv, 

'AXtcjj,7)vq dcdcooiv i] de fcepfctoi rovg b(p$aXiiovg e%G)pv%ev 



VI. EXPEDITION OF THE ARGONAUTS. 

1. $pi%ov, rov 'A-ftdfiavrog, /iv&oXoyovaL, did rag and 

15 rrjg [xrjrpvidg embovXdg dvaXabbvra rr)v ddeXfyrjv "JZXXtjv, 
(pvyelv etc rrjg 'FiXXddog. ILepaiov[ievG)v de avrdv Kara 
riva -&e£dv npovoiav e.K rrjg 'Evpwrrrjg elg rr)v 'Aaiav em 
Kpiov xpvoofidXXov, rrjv \iev naptiivov anomioeZv elg rrjv 
ddXaooav, r]v an' eKeivrjg 'T&XXrjcrrTOvrov 6vo\iac§rjvai' 

20 rov de <bpi%ov elg rbv Uovrov Tropevdevra Karevex&rjvat 
(lev irpbg rrjv ~K.oXxida, Kara re ri Xoyiov -dvoavra rbv 
Kpiov, dvaftelvai rb depag elg rb rov "Apeog iepov. M.era 
de ravra fiaoiXevovn rrjg KoX%idog Alfjrrj xprjOfibv eKire- 
celv, on rore Karaorpeipei rbv (3iov, brav $;evot Karan- 

25 Xevaavreg rb xpvob\iaXXov depag dneveyKuai. Aid drj 
ravrag rag alrcag, Kal did rrjv Idiav (bfiorrjra Karadel^ai 
■&veuv rovg $;evovg, Iva diadofteiorjg rrjg (prjfirjg elg anavra 
ro7Tov nepl rrjg KoXx^v dypibrrirog, firjdelg rdv %ev(t)v 
emdrjvat roX\irjaai rrjg x<*>pag. 

30 2. Tg5 ILeXia, rrjg 'Io)Xkov ev QeaaaXia fiaoiXel, e-Beo- 
maev 6 -&ebg, rbv \iovoadvdaXov <pvXdi-ao-&ai. To \iev 
ovv rrptirov rjyvoei rbv X9 r \ (3 \ l ^ v ' varepov de avrbv eyvo). 
TeX&v yap km r%j daXdoorj HooeidCtvL -ftvoiav, aXXovg re 
TToXXovg em ravrrj, Kal rbv 'Idaova fierenetiiparo* f O ds 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 69 

tt6$g) yeopylag ev rolg x^pioig diareXCjv, eonevoev enl 
ttjv -&voiav. Atadaivov de rrorafibv "Avavpov, e^X-de 
fiovooavdaXog, rb erepov drroXeoag ev rw peltipo) nediXov. 
Qeaodfievog de HeXiag avrbv, Kal rov xpr\o\ibv ovp,6aXuv, 
7]pcjra TrpooeX-dcbv, ri dv enolrjoev, e^ovoiav e^wv, el 5 
Xoyiov r\v avrC) npog rcvog (povev&fjaeodai, rQ>v noXiroJv ; 
f O de e(pj], To xpvo6jj,aXXov depag npooerarrov dv (fiepeiv 
avTcp. Tovro UeXlag aKOvoag, evtivg enl to depag eXtielv 
eneXevoev avrov. Tovro de ev KoXftoig r\v, ev "Apeog 
aXoet Kpe\id\ievov etc dpvbg, e6povpelro de vtto dpaKOvrog 10 
dvTrvov. — 'E-rri rovro TTefino^evog 'Idoiov, "Apyov TTapend- 
Xeoe rov $pi%ov ftdtcelvog, 'AdTjvag v-odeuevrjg, ixevrr\- 
Kovropov vavv nareoftevaoe, rr\v ixpooayopevfteloav dirb 
rov Karacttevdoavrog 'Apycj' Kara de rr\v rrpcjpav evi]p\io- 
aev y Adrjva (buvrjev (prjyov rr\g Adiduvldog i-vXov (bg del5 
7) vavg KareoKEvdodr}, xP^\ i ^ V( ^ ° & £ °S rcXelv enerpe^pe, 
ovvadpoioavri rovg dpiarovg rr/g *Y*XXddog. 

3. OvroL vavapxovvrog 'Idaovog avax^svreg Karavrti- 
aiv elg rrjv rr\g QpaKijg laX^vd^oabv, ev&a cotcec Quvevg 
[idvrcg, rag oipetg Tren^pcofievog. Tovrov ol [iev 'Ayrj-20 
vopog elvai Xeyovotv, ol de ILooetduvog vlov Kal Trrfpa)- 
■&f\vai (paalv avrov, ol fiev vnb tietiv, ore npovXeye rolg 
avtipUTTOtg rd fieXXovra, ol de, v~b Bopeov Kal rcov 'Apyo- 
vavrtiv, ore, rreie&elg firjrpvta, rovg Idiovg erixb/.ooe 
naldag. "ETreuipav de avrti Kal rag 'Ap-rrviag ol tieoi. 25 
Ilrepcoral de rjaav avrac, Kal eneidfj tgj §>ivel iraperidero 
rpdrre^a, eif ovpavov Kadiirrdfievai, rd fiev rrXetova dvrjp- 
na^ov, bXiya de boa oofifjg avdnXea KareXecnov , uore fir) 
dvvaoftai v;pooeveyKac$ai. BovXo\.ievotg de rolg 'Apyo- 
vavraig rd ixepl rov ttXov [j,a-&elv, vTrodrjoeodao rbv nXovv 30 
ecprj, rdv 'Ap-vitiv avrbv edv diraX?.d^d)OLV. Ol de tto- 
pedeoav avrti rpdne^av edeofidrov. "Apirviai de e%ai<bvr\g 
avv (3o^ KaranraoaL rrjv rpo(f)i)v 7]prra^ov. Qeaod\ievoi 
de ol Bopeov rcaldeg, Ztjrrjg Kal KdXa'ig, bvreg rrrepcjrol, 
GTxaod\ievoi rd %t(pri, oY dipog edioKov. r Hv de ralg 35 
'Ap-nviaig XP e ^ v reftvavai, vtto rdv Bopeov Traldojv rolg 



70 MYTHOLOGY. 

tie Bopeov naiol, rors teXevttigeiv, ore dv diu)Kovrsg p,i) 
KaraXd6o)ac. AlcjkojjLevov 6e rtiv 'Apnviojv, r) fiev slg 

TTOTCLfJLOV TLVCt, EfinlnrEt, 7] 6e ETEpa \lE%pi(; 'F,%lvddG)V 

r)X$E V7)OG)v, at vvv dri EKEivrjg ZrpocbddEg KaXovvrar 
5 EGTpdcpT) yap, d)g tjX'&ev knl ravrag, Kal jevouevtj Kara 
rr\v rjiova vnd Ka\idrov nlnrsc ovv tg> diuKovn. 'AnoX- 
Xuviog Se ecjg I,Tpo(j)dd<x)v vf)ao)v (prjolv avrdg StcJX'&rjvaL, 
Kal [iTjdsv naftelv, dovoag bpnov, rov Qivsa \ir\KEri ddiKf)- 

GEIV. 

10 4. 'AnaXXayslg 6e tcjv 'Apnvcdv, QtvEvg Efif)vv(j£ rov 
nXovv rolg 'Apyovavratg, Kal nspl rcov IiVjjLnXrjydduv 
vnsdsro nsrptiv, rcjv Kara rr)v rov TLovrov sloodov. 
r Koav 6e vTTEpfjiEyE'&Ecg avrai, ovyKpovo\iEvai 6e dXXrjXatg, 
vnd rr)g rcov nvEVfidrcdv (3iag, rov did ■daXdoorjg nopov 

15 dnsKXEiov. 'E0epeTO 6e noXXr) jjlev an' avrdv b\iixXr\, 
noXvg 6s ndrayog- r)v 6s ddvvarav Kal rolg nerEtvolg di* 
avrdv eX$eIv. ~E,lnsv ovv avrolg d<pslvai nsXEidda did 
r&v nErpoJv, Kal ravrrjv kdv fiev Iduai ocj&Eioav, SianXslv 
Karacjypovovvrag- kdv 6e dnoXo\iivr\v , p,r) nXslv fitd^EO^au 

20Tavra dvrjyovro aKOvoavrsg, Kal, (hg nXrjoiov r\aav rcjv 
nsrptiv, afyidaiv ek rrjg npcjpag nsXEtdda' rijg 6s Inra' 
\iEvr\g, rd aKpa rr)g ovpdg rj avanroioig rtiv nsrpdv dnE§ip- 
igev. ' Avax^povoag ovv knirr\pr)oavrEg rag nirpag, per* 
slpealag kvrovov, ovXXabop,Evr)g "H-pag, dir)X$ov, rd aKpa 

25 rCdv d(bXdor(»)v rijg vqbg nEpiKonEiorjg. At p,sv ovv Ivp,- 
nXrjydSsg EKrorE sorrjaav XP £ ^ )V 7^P V v civralg, vrjdg 
nspaLCJ^ELGTjg, orr)vat navrsXCig. 

5. 01 6e 'Apyovavrai, napanXsvaavrsg Qspuudovra Kal 
KavKaoov, knl <&aoiv nora\ibv t\X$ov. Ovrog rrjg KoX~ 

30X LK VS £OTl 7VS- I^a'&opiiiO'&eiarjg 6e rrjg vrjdg, t\ke npbg 
Alrjrrjv 'Idocjv, Kal rd snirayevra vnd HeXlov Xsyo)v, nap. 
SKaXsi dovvat rd dspag avru>' 6 6e Scjoeiv vneaxEro, kdv 
rovg xaXxonodag ravpovg \iovog Kara&v$;r) • rjaav ds dypioi 
nap' avru) ovrot ravpoi 6vo, [AsysdEL diacpspovrsg, dcjpov 

35 'Hcpaiorov, ol xa^ovg fisv sfyov nodag, nvp 6e ek aro[id~ 
rov E(f)v(ra)v. Tovrovg avrtd t,Ev%avn Enerdaasro onEipEiv 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 71 

dpaKOvrog odovrac et^e yap Xa6uv nap' 'Adyvag rovg 
tjfiioeig G)v KdSfiog sonstpsv sv Qr}6aig. 

6. 'Anopovvrog 6s rov 'Idoovog, nu>g dv Svvatro rovg 
ravpovg Kara^sv^ai, Mrjdeia avrov spura io%er r\v 6e 
avTTj -&vydrr]p Alr\rov Kal 'Idvlag rr\g 'Qkeclvov, (frapfiaKtg. 5 
AsdoiKVia 6s, fii] npog rtiv ravpuv dta<})$ap ; q, Kpixpa rov 
narpog ovvspyqosiv avrio npog rrjv Kard^sv^iv rtiv ravp- 
ojv EnTjyysiXaro, Kal ro 6spag syxsipislv, sav dfioorj 
avrr)v e^eiv yvvaiKa, Kal slg 'EXXd6a ov^inXovv dydyrj- 
rai. 'Ofioaavrog 6s 'Idoovog, cpdppaKov 6i6u>oiv, a> Kara- 10 
£evyvvveti fisXXovra rovg ravpovg ekeXsvos %pioai rf)v 
re doni6a, Kal ro 66pv, ical ro oCJfia- rovrut yap %pia- 
devra, s<prj, npog filav rjfxepav \lt\te vno nvpbg a6iK7\- 
■frfjOEodat, prjre vno oi6f)pov. '~S16r)X(x)OE 6s avrio, onsi- 
po(iev(*)v rtiv 666vro)v, etc yr)g avdpag \isXXsiv dvadveo"&ai 15 
in' avrov KadunXiOfisvovg, ovg snsi6av d&poovg ■b^sdoryrai, 
sksXevoe (3dXXsiv elg psoov Xiftovg anotisv orav 6s vnsp 
rovrov pdx^vrai npog dXXr)Xovg, rore Krsivsiv avrovg. 

7. 'Idoojv 6e rovro aKOvoag, Kal xpiad\iEvog ru> (pap- 
fiaK(i), napaysvopsvog slg rd rov vecj aXoog, sfidorsvos 20 
rovg ravpovg, Kal ovv noXXio nvpl bp\ir\oavrag avrovg 
KarE&vgs. Lnsipovrog 6 s avrov rovg odovrag, dvsrsXXov 
ek rr)g yr\g dvdpEg svonXor 6 6s, bnov nXsiovag supa, 
fidXXov i% dcpavovg Xiftovg npog avrovg, \iaxo\isvovg npog 
dXXrjXovg npootdv, dvqpsc. Kars^svyfisvov ds rojv ravp- 25 
0)v, ovk s6l6ov to dipag Alrjrrjg- sj3ovXsro 6s rr\v rs 
'Apyu Kara<pXsi;ai, Kal Krslvai rovg EfinXsovrag. $>-&do- 
aoa 6s Mf)6sia, rov 'Idoova WKrdg snl to depag f)yays, 
Kal rov (pvXdooovra SpaKovra KaraKoi\iioaoa rolg <pap- 
fiaKOig, fiEra 'Idoovog £X ovaa r ° ^ep«? enl "Ttjv 'Apyio 30 
napsysvEro. SwEinsro 6s avrrj Kal 6 ddsX(pdg 'Aipvprog. 
01 6e WKrbg pEra tovtcjv avr\x$r\oav. 

8. ILsXiag ds, dnoyvovg rrjv vnoarpocprjv ra>v 'Apyo- 
vavrojv, Ataova, rov 'Idoovog narspa, KTslvat tj-^eXev 

6 ds, alrr\od\LEvog savrov avsXslv, ftvoiav smrsXCdv, ddstig 35 
ravpov al\ia onaodfisvog ans^avsv. f H 6s 'Idoovog p>r\rr\p, 



72 MYTHOLOGY. 

Enapaodfievrj HeXia, vrjmov drroXnrovaa nalda J\po\ia%ov, 
eavrrjv dvrjpTTjae. HeXiag de Kal rbv KaraXetcpSevra 
rcalda aireKreivev avrrjg. f O de 'laacjv KareX-d&v, rb 
fiev depag edtjfce- irepl cjv de 7]di,Krj$7) {j,ereX-&elv edeXttv, 
5tcatpdv e^edexero. Kal rore [lev eg 'Io$p,bv fierd rdv 
dpioreov nXevoag, dvedrjKe rr\v vavv ILooeidtivi' avdcg 
de Mrjdeiav napaKaXel fyrelv, bncjg HeXiag ahrtd diKag 
vnocFxv- H de elg rd (iaoiXeia rov HeXlov TrapeXftovoa 
Treidei rag dvyarepag avrov, rbv irarepa Kpeovpyrjaat Kal 

lOKadeiprjoai, did cfyapfxaKoyv avrov errayyeXXofievr) TroirjaeLV 
veov ' Kal rov ntorevaai x^P lv -> K P i0V peXioaoa icai na-d- 
eipfjoaoa, enoirjaev dpva. At de luorevoaoai, rbv irarepa 
KpeovpyovGL Kal /cadeipovocv. "Aicao~rog de fierd r&v rrjv 
'IoXkov olnovvrcov rov narepa ddnrei, rbv de 'Idaova 

15 p,erd rr\g Mrjdelag rrjg 'IuXkov enbdXXei. 

VII. MISCELLANEOUS FABLES. 

1. 'Op(f>evg, KaXXiOTTTjg Movai]g Kal Oldypov vlbg, adov 
eKivei Xiftovg re Kal devdpa. 'Anodavovorig de ~EvpvdiKTjg, 
rr\g yvvaiKog avrov, dr\X'^elo r qg vnb b(f>ea)g, Kar7]X-&ev elg 
adov, Kal HXovrojva eneiaev dvanefitpai avrrjv. f O de 

20 vneox £ro T ovro noLrjoeiv, dv \ir\ iropev6\ievog 'Op<f)evg 
emorpa^zi, TTplv elg rr\v oiKiav avrov Tzapayeveo"&ai. f O 
de dmortiv eiuorpacpelg ededoaro rr\v yvvaiKa ■ r\ de ndXiv 
vnearpeifiev. 

2. IloXXol rdv TTOLrjroJv fyaol, $ae#ovra rbv 'KXlov fxev 
25 vlbv, nalda de rr\v r\XiKiav bvra, irelaai rbv irarepa, \iiav 

rjfiepav ixapax^p^oai rov re&piirnov. Ivyx^prj^evrog de 
avra) rovrov, rbv fiev $ae$ovra eXavvovra rb redpiirnov, 
p,T) dvvaodai Kparelv rtiv rjvitiv, rovg de Imrovg Kara- 
(ppovrjaavrag rov naidbg, et-evex&rjvai rov cvvr]$ovg dpdfi- 
30 ov • Kal rb \iev txpdrov Kara rbv ovpavbv nXavuyfievovg 
eKTTVpuoai rovrov, Kal rcoilqoai rbv vvv yaXai-iav koX- 
ovfievov kvkXov p,era de ravra, noXXrjv rr]g oiKov\iev~ 
r\g KaraKaieiv x^9 aV ' Aid Kal rbv Ala, dyavaKrrjaavra 
em rolg yeyevrjfjbevoig, Kepavvojcai fiev rbv $ae$ovra, 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 73 

anonaraarrjoai 6e rov "H?uov eni tt\v ovvt)-&7) ixopsiav. 
Tov 6e <t>a£$ovTQg iTEodvTog npog rag EKdoXdg tov vvv 
Tlddov KaXovfJLEVQv rrorafiov, to 6e naXaidv 'Hpidavov 
npoaayopevofj,evov, 3p7]vrjo~ai \lev rag d6sXcpdg avrov ttjv 
rs^vrrjv, did 6e rr\v \nxEpboXr\v rrjg Xvixr\g fLsraox^fJ-a- 5 
Tio$7)vaL rrjv <pvaiv, ysvo\isvag alysipovg. Tavrag 6£ 
Kar' kviavrbv Kara rr\v avrfjv dpav ddttpvov dcpiEvai, Kai 
rovro TTTjyvvfievov dnoTeXelv TO KaXov\isvov TJXefCTpOV. 

3. UpOjj,7]$€vg, 'lansrov Kai 'Aaiag vldg, e% v6arog koX 
yfjg dv&pdjnovg nXdaag, e6g)K£v avrolg Kai rrvp, Xdtipa 10 
Awg, ev vdp-&7]Ki Kpvibag. 'Qg 6s xjct&eto Zsvg, eneTat-ev 
r H<paiOTG) tw KavKaacp opsi to oa){ia avrov TrpoorjXtioai* 
Tovto 6s ^kv&ikov bpog sariv. 'Ev 6s rovrte TTpootjXte&elg 
HpoiArj$evg ttoXXuv srtiv dpi-dfjidv 6letsXegs. Ka$' SKao- 
tt)v 6 s rj/jbepav dsrdg Efanrdfjisvog, to fjnap avrov svsfisro, 15 
av^avo\isvov did vvurog. Kai IIpo[j,7]$evg jjlev rrvpog tcXan- 
evTog difcrjv stive ravrrjv, p-sxpig 'HpaKXrjg avrov sXvoev. 

4. Upofj,7)&E(*)g 6s nalg AsvKaXiuv sysvsro. Ovrog (3aa- 
iXsvuv tgjv TTEpi ttjv $Mav tottojv, yafisl Hvppav, rrjv 
'ETup,r)$£(og Kai Hav6u)pag, tjv sixXaoav ol $soi npiorrjv 20 
yvvaitca. 'Knsl 6e d(paviaai Zsvg rd xclXkovv ysvog t\$eX- 

7]OEV, V7TO^E[jLEVOV iLpOpTf&SQg, AsVKaXlOJV TEHT7]Vd\lEV0g 

Xdpvaica, feat rd emTTjdeia sv&Efisvog, sig Tavrrjv fierd 
ILvppag sIge67]. Zsvg 6s ttoXvv vetov air' ovpavov %eaf , 
Ta TtXslara \ispr\ rrjg '~EXXd6og ttaTEnXvoEv cjote dia^dap- 25 
r]vai navrag dv-frpuirovg, oXiyoiv %(jdplg, ol ovvscpvyov slg 
rd ttXtjolov viprjXd oprj. AsvKaXiojv 6s, ev ry Xdpvam did 
rr\g $aXdoo7)g (pspdfj^vog e0' rjfiipag svvsa teal vvKTag laag, 
tw Hapvaooco npoolaxet, fcdfCEt, tu>v 6fi6pG)v navXav Xabov* 
rov, En6dg E'&vas Ait Qvi-icp. Zsvg 6s, rrEfiifmg 'Epjit^v 30 
rrpog avrov, EnsrpEipEv alrEtodai o rt (3ovXsTai- 6 6s alpsl- 
rai av&poinovg avrCd ysvsaftai. Kai, Acog slixovTog, vnsp 
K£(()aXrjg atpov s6aXs Xiftovg, Kai ovg \isv s6aXs AsvKaXiCjv, 
dv6p£g kyivovTO- ovg 6e Uvppa, yvvaiKEg. "Odsv Kai Xaol 
(XETacpopiKGJg o)vofj,du-&rjaav and tov Xaag, 6 XL-frog. 35 

5. SaXfjLOvsvg 6td ttjv das6£iav EKoXdo&rj. "~E,Xeye yap 

G 



74 MYTHOLOGY. 

kavrbv elvai Aia, Kal, rag eneivov d<peX6\ievog -dvoiag, eav- 
ra> npoaeraaoe ■dveuv Kal, (3vpoag \jlev e£,r\pa\i\Levag ei~ dp\x- 
arog fierd Xedrjrov xaXntiv avpcjv, eXeye (3povrdv (3dX- 
Xojv de elg ovpavbv aldofievag Xafiirddag, eXeyev dorpdir- 
5 retv. Zevg de, avrov KepavvdJoag, rr\v Kna-Qeloav vn' 
avrov ixoXiv Kal rovg OLKf)ropag jj^dvLoe Trdvrag. 

6. BrjXog, 6 Alyimrov j3aacXevg, Traldag el%e didvfiovg, 
Alyvrrrov Kal Aavaov. Alyvirru) fiev eyevovro iraideg 
irevrrjKovra, tivyarepeg de Aavati irevrf)Kovra. Sraotacr- 

10 dvro) vde avrdv rrpbg dXXrjXovg nepl rrjg dp%r)g vorepov, 
Aavabg, rovg Alyvnrov naldag dedoiK&g, vno$e{ievrjg 'Aftrj- 
vdg avro), vavv KareoKevaoe nevrrjKovropov, Kal, rag -&v- 
yarepag ev&efievog, ecpvyev elg "Apyog. Ol de Alyvnrov 
iraideg, Kal avrol elg 'Apyog eXftovreg, napeKaXovv rbv 

15 Aavabv, rrjg re eftdpag navaaadai, Kal rag dvyarepag 
avrov yap,elv rj^tovv. Aavabg de, dfia \iev dmordv avrdv 
rolg enayyeXjiaoiv, a\ia de Kal iivrjOLKaKdv nepl rrjg (pv- 
yr)g, u/jLoXoyei rovg yd\iovg, nal dieKXr)pov rag Kopag. 'Qg 
de eKXrjpcjaavro rovg yd\iovg, eondaag ey%eipidia didoat 

20 ralg dvyarpdoiv al de KOificjfievovg rovg vvjupiovg dneK- 
retvav, nXrjv 'Tnepfivrjorpag. Avrrj de AvyKea dieouoe' 
did Ka'&eip^ag avrrjv Aavabg e<ppovpei. At de aXXac rtiv 
Lavaov ftvyarepuv rag p,ev KetyaXdg rwv vvficpiov ev riff 
Aepvxj Karupvtjav, rd de o6p,ara npb rrjg n6Xeo)g eKrjdev- 

25 aav. Kal avrdg eKadrjpav 'Adrjva re Kal 'JZpfirjg, Aibg 
KeXevoavrog. Aavabg de vorepov 'Tnep^vrjarpav Avy Kel 
ovvG)KLoe- rag de Xounag tivyarepag elg yv\iviKbv aytiva 
rolg vlkgjolv edoKev. 

7. Mlvcjg -SaXaoooKpartiv enoXejirjoe oroXa) rag 'Adrjv- 
30 ag, Kal Meyapa elXe, ~Nioov fiaviXevovrog, rov Havdiovog. 

'Anedave de 6 Nloog did -&vyarpbg npodoaiav. "Exovri 
yap avroj nopcpvpeav ev fieorj ryj KecpaXy rpi%a (r/g dcpatpe- 
■deLorjg avrov \iolpa rjv reXevrav), r) tivydrrfp avrov 2,kvX- 
Xa, epao-deioa Mlvoog, e^elXe rr\v rpl%a KOi\i^\iev(jd. Miv- 
35 G)g de, Meydpojv Kparf)oag, dn^nXevae, Kal rrjv I.KvXXav t 
rr)g npvfivrjg rdv iroduv eKdfjoag, virotpvxiov enoirjoev. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 75 

8. Scpiyya iivdoXoyova, drjplov difioptpov, Trapayevofi- 
evrjv elg Tag Qfj6ag. alviy\ia irportdevai tw dvvafievo) Xv- 
oai, nai noXXovg vtt' avrrj^ dt' drropiav avaipelotiai. T Hv 
de to nporedev vnb Tr)g 2(piyy6g' Tt eon to avTO dtnovv, 
TpLTTovv, nai TSTpdnovv 5 

dXX' dnoTav fiaivrj -nXeio~TOioi nodeaai, 
"~Ev$a fievog yvioioiv dcpavpOTaTov ireXei avrov. 
'Anopovfievcjv de tgdv aXXw, 6 Oldcirovg aTzefirjvaTO, 
av&pwnov elvat to "npobXrvb^ev vryniov \iev yap avrov 
vndpxovTa, TETpdnovv elvar av^rjaavTa de, 6 enow yr/pd- 10 
oavTa de, Tpiirovv, QaitTTjpLa xpajjievov did tt\v aafteveiav. 
'F,VTav$a tt/v fiev Zcpiyya eavTrjv KaTaKpr\\ivioai, tov 6s 
Old [now yrwioA tt)v dyvoov\ievr\v v<p' eavTOv firjTepa, tgj 
Xvoavrt e+ratiXov -npoTi$e\Livr\v. 

9. f F,Xevrj, Arjdag nai Tvvddpeo) -&vydTrjp, &g de dXXoi 15 
Xeyovai, Atbg, KdXXei r\v diairpeivrjg. UapeyevovTO de elg 
I^ndpTTjv ettl tov avTrjg ydfiov ttoXXoI tuv (3aoiXevovTG)v 
'JZXXddog. Tovtojv bpdv to TxXrfoog Tvvddpeoyg, ededotnei 
fir), Kpc&EVTog evbg, OTaaidauoiv ol Xoinol, e^opni^ec rovg 
fivrjOTTjpag (3o7]drjOEiv, edv 6 Trpo/cpideig vv/Kptog vrrb dXXov 20 
Tcvbg ddtfcrjTai nepl tov ydfiov, nai alpelTat tov MeveXaov 
vvjKpiov, nai ttyv (3aoiXecav Trjg I.TrdpT7]g avT& napadl- 
Sojglv. 

10. f H QeTig etc Hr)?J(x)g ppecpog eyevvr\oe, tov ' A%iX- 
Xea. ' Addvarov de deXovoa rroirjaai tovto, upvtya ILtjX- 25 
ewg elg to nvp eyfcpv6ovoa Trjg vv/CTog, e&deipev b r)v avTG) 
■&vrjTOv iraTp&oir ^e#' r\\iepav de expiev d/idpoaLa. Hr/X- 
evg de eTUTrjpfjoag, nai doiralpovTa tov nalda Idojv enl tov 
TTvpbg, edorjoe- nai QeTig, KG)Xv&eioa ttjv irpoaipeaiv TeXec- 
£)oai, vijmov tov nalda dnoXnrovoa, rrpbg 'Nr/petdag &x £ ~ 30 
to. Ko[M^ei de tov rtalda -npbg Xelpcjva TLrjXevg. f O de 
Xatdv avrov erpecpe oirXdyxvoig XeovTCJV aal ovQ>v dypiov 
tcai apKTUv (iveXolg. 

11. Ala/tog, 6 Aibg ercyovog, tooovtov dif)veyitev, cogts 
yevo[ievG)v av^pv ev Tolg "JZXXrjOi, nai jtoXXgjv dv&pcoTr- 35 
cjv dta(pdapevTG)v, eireidrj to fieye&og Tr)g evuepopag vneps- 



76 MYTHOLOGY. 

6aXev, rjXdov ol npoeortireg rcov iroXecjv iKerevovreg 
avrbv, vofit^ovreg, dud rrjg evyeveiag Kal rrjg evoebeiag 
rrjg ekelvov, rdx^r' dv evpeodai, napd rav -&E(ov, rcjv 
napovrov KanCdv dnaXXayrjv. ^Ldy&EvrEg de Kal TV%6vTeg 
banavrcov d)v ederfdrjaav, Ispbv ev Aiyivq Kareorrjoavro 
KOtvbv t&v 'JZXXrjvoyv, ovnep EKelvog enoLrjaaTO rrjv evx^v. 
Kal kclt' ekelvov jjlev rbv xpovov eog r)v per' dv^pdoircjv, 
fierd KaXXiarr\g do^r\g wv diSTeXeoev EiTEidr) ds \iErr\XXa%E 
rbv ftiov, Xeyerai irapd UXovrcovi Kal Koprj rifidg p,eyia~ 

10 rag £X G)V Trapedpevetv EKEivoig. — Tovrov de naldeg r)aav 
TeXaficov Kal ILrjXevg. r Slv 6 fiev erepog fied' 'HpaKXeovg 
ertl Aaofiedovra arparevodfievog, r&v dpiaretiov ervxE' 
UrfXevg de ev rx/ p.dxxi r%i npbg Kevravpovg dpiorevaag, 
Kal Kara iroXXovg aXXovg Kivdvvovg evdoKifirjoag, Qeridt, 

15 r^ Nrjpicog, dvrjrbg cov ddavdrG), ovv&K.r\oe' Kal \iovov 
rovrov <paol twv npoyeyevTjfievcjv vnb Segjv ev rolg ydfioig 
v\ievaiov do$r\vai. Tovrotv 6' eKarepoiv, TeXapGJvog fiev 
Alag Kal TevKpog eyevvr\$7], HrjXsteg 6' 'Axt-XXsvg. Ol 
\1eyiGT0v Kal oacpeorarov eXeyxov edoaav rrjg avrtiv ape- 

20 Trig. Ov yap ev ralg avrdv noXeotv errptirevoav fiovov, 
ovde ev rolg ronoig, ev olg KarojKow dXXd orpareiag 
rolg "EXXtjoiv enl rovg Bap6dpovg yevopevr/g, Kal rroXXdv 
fiev eKarepcjfiev d$poio-&evTG)v , ovdevdg de rojv ovofiaa- 
tgjv a7ToXei([)$evTog, ev rovroig rolg Kivdvvoig 'Ax^XXevg 

25jtt£v d-ndvruv dif)veyKev, Mag de fier' ekelvov rjpiorEvoE. 
TevKpog de rrjg re rovrcov avyyeveiag a^tog, Kal tojv dX- 
X(ov ovdevdg x Ei ? (jdV yevbp,evog, EirELdr) Tpolav cvve^eIXev, 
dfyLKOfievog elg Kvnpov EaXa^lva Kar&KLoev. 

12. Orjoevg, 6 Alyecjg, Aartidaig ov\i\iaxog yevo/ievog, 

30 nal orparevodfievog enl Kevravpovg rovg di(j)veig, ol Kal 
rdxEi Kal pcofirj Kal roXfir/ dtEcpEpov, rovrovg fJidx'Q viKf)oag, 
ev'&vg p,kv rrjv vbpiv avrCtv enavaev, ov noXXti d f vore- 
pov rb yevog e% dv-Spcorrov r\§dvioev. — Kara de rovg av- 
rovg XP° V0V S °i 'A-&rjvaloL ra MivojravpG), ra> ev Kprjr^ 

35 rpafavri, dacfibv a^eoreiXav dig enrd naldag, ovg ldo)v 
dyop,evovg, ovrojg riyavaKrijoev, tied-' i\yr]oaro Kpelrrov 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 77 

elvai retivdvai, rj £,r\v aloxptig, apX 0)V T VS fxoXeoig rr\g 
ovrcog olarpbv rolg ex$poZg (popov vrcoreXeZv i)vaynaa- 
fisvrjg. 1/varxXovg de yevoaevog, Kal Kparrjoag rr)g (pvoeoyg 
e% dvdpbg Kal ravpov \ie\iiy\ievr\g, rovg aev naZdag rolg 
yovevoiv direduKe, rr\v de narpida ovrcjg deivov irpoordy- 5 
jjLdTog i]Xevdep(j)aev. 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 

I. JUPITER AND MERCURY. 

Zevf. Trjv rov 'Ivdxov naZda olcr&a, rrjv KaXijv, o) 
f Epp) ; 

'IZp/jLTJg. Nat, rrjv 'Ig) Xeyeig. 

Z. Ovfcerc rcalg eKeivrj early, dXXa ddfiaXig. 10 

'E. Tepdoriov rovro' tg> rponG) d' evrjXXdyrj ; 

Z. ZrjXoTvnrjoaoa r) "Hpa jieredaXev avrfjv dXXa Kal 
dXXo ri deivov e'ri\x,e\Lr]%dv7]rai ry KaKodaiuovi- /3ovk6Xov 
rivd ixoXvoiijiarov "Apyov rovvofia eneorrjcrev, og ve^iei 
rrjv dd/iaXiv, avnvog wv. 15 

f E. Ti ovv rjudg %pr) rroieZv ; 

Z. Karanrd/jLevog eg rrjv Iseueav (etcel de nov 6 "Apyog 
(3ovfcoXel) enelvov aev diroKreivov, rr)v de 'Id) did rov 
rreXdyovg eg rrjv Aiyvnrov dirayay&v, "loiv ttoltjgov. 
Kal roXonrov ecru $ebg rolg eiceZ, Kai rov 'NeZXov dvay- 20 
era), Kal rovg dveuovg erunefAirerG), Kai acj^ero) rovg nXe* 
ovrag. 

II. VULCAN AND JUPITER. 

"B.(j>. Tt p,e, w Zev, del iroielv ; rjKG) yap, (bg eKeXevaag, 
ex<tiv rov neXeKvv b^vrarov, el Kal Xiftovg deoi \iia TrXrjyy- 
diare\ieZv. 25 

Z. Evye, u) "Kcpaiors. 'AXXd dieXe \iov rrjv KefyaXrjv, 
eg dvo KareveyK(ov. 

"K(p. Heipa \iov, el aefirjva ; Jipoararre d' ovv rdXrj&eg, 
onep tieXeig gol yeveoftai. 

G2 



78 MYTHOLOGY, 

Z. Aiaipe'&rjvai poi to Kpaviov el 6e a7rei$f)Geig, ov vvv 
nptirov opyt^opevov Treipdoei pov dXXd xpfj KatiiKvelod- 
at TravTi tgj -dvpti, prjde peXXeiv dnoXXvpat yap vno 
TGJv (hdtvojv, at pot tov eyKetyaXov dvaGTpefyovGiv . 
5 r/ H<£. "Opa, 0) Zev, pi] ttaitov n 7TOt7]GG)pev 6%vg yap 6 
neXeKvg eon. 

Z. Karevsytce \iovov, w "HtyatGTe, -dapp&v 616a yap 
eyC) to Gvp<pepov. 

r/ H</>. "Attuv pev, KaTOLGG) 6£- tI yap %pr\ noielv, gov 
10 KeXevovTog ; — Tt tovto ; Kop7\ evoixXog ; — peya, w Zev, 
nanbv el%eg ev t%] KecpaXq- eucoTQg yovv b£,v$vpog rjG$a, 
T7]XittavTT)v vrro t%i pr\viyyi rrapdevov faoyovow, Kal TavTa 
evonXov tj ttov GTpaTonedov , ov Ke(paXi]V, eXeXrc&etg epv 
7] Se 7T7]6a, Kal rrvppixt-^si, Kal ttjv aGnida TtvaGGet, Kal to 
15 dopv ixdXXei, nai evbovGia' nai to peyiGTOV, KaXrj iravv 
Kal dtcpaia yeyevrpai 7]6r] ev (3paxel° yXavKoimg pev, 
dXXd KOGpel Kal tovto tj Kopvg. 

III. JUPITER, AESCULAPIUS, HERCULES. 

Z. HavGaG$e, <h 'AG/tX7)me Kal 'HpaKXeig, epc^ovTeg 
npdg dXXrjXovg cjGnep avftpcdnoi. 'Airpenrj yap TavTa, 
20 nai dXXoTpia tov GvpixoGiov tgjv detiv. 

f Hp. 'AXXa ed-eXeig, w Zev, tovtovI tov tyappaKea irpa- 
KaTanXiveG^ai pov ; 

'Agk. N?) Ala, Kal dpetvcjv yap elpc. 

r Hp. Kara rl, G) ep6povT7]Te ; r\ 6l6tl Ge 6 Zevg e/ce- 
•25 pavvcjGev, a pi] -&epcg TrotovvTa, vvv 6e KaT' eXeov avdig 
d&avaGiag peTeiXr](f>ag ; 

'Agk. '~E>7uXeX7]Gat, yap Kal gv, cj "KpaKXeg, ev t^j OIt'q 
KaTa(f)Xeyelg, oti poi bveidi^eig to nvp ; 

'Up. Ovkovv cGa Kal bpoia fiediUTat rjplv og Acog 
30p-ev vlog elpi, TOGavTa 6e nenovrjKa., eKKatiacpuv tov fiiov, 
-dTjpia KaTayyyvi^opevog, Kal dv&pcjnovg vdpiGTag Tipti)- 
povpevog. 2t> 6e pi^OTopog el, Kal dyvpTTjg, vogovgl pev 
loog dv&p&noLg xpfjGipog eTU-drjGeiv tCjv (pappawv, av- 
dp&deg 6e ovdev emdedeiyp,evog. 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 79 

'Agk. Ev Xeyeig, on gov rd eyKavfiara laad\ir\v, ore 
7rpo)7]v avr/X-deg 7]fil(f>XeK,rog, vn' d/Mpolv dietytiapfievog rd 
Gojfxa, rov xirtivog, ical, fierd rovro, rov nvpog. 'Eyw 6e, 
el real fjLTjdEV aXXo, ovre eSovXevaa tianep gv, ovre e^aivov 
epia ev Avdla, nop(f)vpl6a evdedvK&g, Kal i:ai6\ievog vtto 5 
rr\g 'OfMpdXrjg XP vo V ^^vddX^, dXX' ovde fieXayxoXrjGag 
dixenreiva rd reuva, Kal rr\v yvvatKa. 

'Up. El fiq Travcrq Xoidopov^ievog \ioi, avrina \idXa 
elaec, <bg ov noXv ce ovfjaei rj aftavaaia, eirel, dpd\ievog as, 
plipo) enl KecpaXrjv eic rov ovpavov, &ore p,r)de rov Hairjova 10 
Idoac&ai ere, rd upaviov ovvrptbevra. 

7a. Havoaade, (pr^il, Kal fii) eiurapdrrere i]\dv rrjv 
GvvovGiav, rj dficporepovg dTTOTTe[iipo[j,aL v\idg rov GVfnroa- 
lov. KalroL evyvo^ov, c5 "HpaicXeg, ixpoKaraKXlvea^ai 
gov rov 'AoKXrjmdv, are Kal nporepov dnodavovra. 15 

IV. JUNO AND LATONA. 

"Upa. KaXd \iev yap, o> Arjrol, Kal rd reava eretteg 
tw A«. 

Arjru. Ov rcdoac, G) "Hpa, roiovrovg riareiv dvvd\ie$a, 
olog 6 "~K(paiGr6g eortv. 

'Up. 'AXX' ovrog fiev 6 %0iXbg ofiojg xpfjaifiog ye earl, 20 
rexvlrrjg cov dptarog, Kal KaraKeKOGfirjKev r\\iiv rov ovpav- 
ov ol 6e aol iraldeg, r) p,ev avr&v appeviKr) nepa rov 
fjiirpov, Kal opetog, Kal, rd reXevralov, eg rrjv HKV&lav 
dneXdovoa, ndvreg laaGiv ola eo$Let, %evoKrovovGa, Kal 
\ii\iov\iivr\ rovg ^KV'&ag avrovg, dv&p(*)TTO(f)dyovg bvrag. 25 
f O 6' 'Ait6XX(*)v irpoonoieZrai p,ev ndvra eldevai, Kal 
ro^eveiv, Kal K&api^eiv , Kal iarpbg elvat, Kal fiavreveodai, 
Kal Karaar7]ad\ievog epyaGrrjpia rrjg \iavriK7\g, rd fiev ev 
&eX(f)olg, rd 6' ev KXdpto, Kal ev £udv[j,oig, ei-anara rovg 
Xpu^evovg avrti, Xo%d dnoKptvdfievog, (bg aKLvdvvov elvai 30 
to o<$>dX\ia. Kal nXovrel \iev and rov roiovrov noXXol 
yap ol dvo7\roi Kal napexovreg avrovg KarayorjreveG-dai- 
ttXtjv ovk dyvoelral ye vtto rtiv ovverwrepcdv rd noXXd 
reparevopevog • avrdg yovv 6 \idvng 7\yvdei, ore (povevGet 



80 MYTHOLOGY. 

[lev rbv ep&ftevov tg) 6lgkg), ov TTpoe/iavrevoaro 6e, &g 
<ftev%erai avrbv r\ /\d<pvrj, Kal ravra ovru) KaXbv Kal 
Ko/nrjTTjv bvra. r 'SLore ov% opoj KadoTL KaXXireKvorepa 
rrjg Nibdrjg edo^ag. 
5 Arjr. Tavra \ievroi rd reKva, r) ^evoKrovog, Kal 5 
ipevdofiavrcg, olda brroig Xtmel as, bpcjp,eva ev rolg fteolg, 
Kal fidXtora, brav rj fiev e-naivr\rai eg rd KaXXog, 6 6s 
Kiftapifyq ev tw cvp,nooL(x> $avp,a£b{ievog v(f>' drcdvrcdv. 
'Hp. 'EyeXaoa, g) Ar\roV enelvog -&avp,aarbg, bv 6 Map- 

10 ovag, el rd dinaia at Movoai dwdoai rj'&eXov, dnedeipev 
dv, avrbg Kparr)oag rrj fiovoLK'q ; vvv 6e Karaoo(piodelg 
a$Xiog diroXoXev, ddiKGig aXovg- r) 6e KO,Xr) gov irapdevog 
ovro) KaXr\ eoriv, cjore ercel efiatiev 6(p$ecoa vnb rov 
'Afcraiuvog, (f>o67]deloa fir) b veavloKog e^ayopevorj rb 

15 alo%og avrr)g, ena<pr)Kev avrti rovg Kvvag. 

A7jr. Meya, o) "Hpa, (ppovelg, on ijvvet tw Ait, Kal 
ov\ibaoikeveig avru), Kal did rovro vbpi^eig ddetig- nXr)v 
dXX' bipopai oe fier' oXiyov avdtg darcpvovoav, bnorav oe 
naraXinibv eg rr]v yrjv Karlrj, ravpog rj KVKvog yev6[isvog. 

V. JUNO AND JUPITER. 

20 'Up. 'Eyw p,ev yoxvvbp,rjv uv, o> Zev, el fiot rotovrog 
r)v vlbg, -&rjXvg ovro) Kal diefidappevog vnb rrjg iie$r\g' 
pirpa [iev dvadedefievog rrjv K6\ir\v, rd noXXd 6e \Laivo\iev~ 
aig yvvai^l ovvoyv, d6pbrepog avrdv enetvG)v, vnb rvp,- 
ndvoig Kal avXolg Kal Kvp,6dXoig xopevw nal bXuyg navrl 

25 \iaXXov eoifccjg, rj col tgj narpi. 

Z. Kal \lt]v ovrog ye b d-rjXviitrprjg, b adpbrepog rtiv 
yvvaatQiv, ov fibvov, G) "Hpa, rr\v Avdiav ex £L P ( * )Garo i Ka ^ 
rovg tcaroiKOvvrag rbv TfitiXov eXa6e, Kal rovg Qpanag 
VTTTjydyero, dXXd nal err' 'Ivdovg eXdaag ru> yvvairceio) 

30TOVTG) orparioniecp, rovg re eXecpavrag elXe, Kal rrjg 
%u>pag eKpdrv t oe, Kal rbv ftaotXea npbg oXiyov avriorr\vai 
roX\ii]oavra, alx^dXoyrov dnfjyaye' Kal ravra anavra 
eirpa^ev, op^ovfievog d\ia, Kal %opev(*)v, Svpoottg xp&fievog 
Kirrivoig, fiedvuv, <hg d>qg, Kal ev&ed^cov. Ei 6e ng enS' 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 81 

Xeiprjoe Xoidop7]oacr&aL avru), v6ptaag eg rr)v reXerr)v, Kai 
rovrov enu(*)pr)oaro, 7] Kara6i)oag rolg KXi)uaoiv, r) dia- 
onao&rjvac Trotrjoag vnb rr\g urjrpbg uorzep vetpov. 'Opag 
cjg dvdpela ravra, Kai ovk dvd^ta rov narpog ; el 6e 
iraidtd Kai rpvcpr) Trpooeonv avrolg, cvdeig cpdovog' Kai 5 
udXiora el Xoyioairo rig, olog av vi](poiv ovrog t)v, ottov 
ravra ue&vcjv noiel. 

VI. MERCURY AND MAIA. 

'Epu. "Eon yap rig, £) l^rjrep, ev ovpavCo -&ebg d#/Uc5- 
repog euov ; 

Mat. M77 Xeye, a> ''Epurj, roiovrov urjSev. 10 

'F,pfi,. Ti ur) Xeyo, bg roaavra ixpdyuara e%w, uovog 
Kauvwv, nai npbg roaavrag vrrrjpeoiag diaarrcouevog ; eutiev 
uev yap e^avaardvra oaipeiv rb gvuttogiov del' Kai, dia- 
orpdoavra rrjv KXioiav, elra eiiderrjoavra enaara, Txapea- 
rdvai tw Ait, nai 6ia(pepeiv rag dyyeXiag rag nap' avrov, 15 
avoj icai Karcj rjuepodpouovvra- nal enaveX&ovra en iceic- 
ovcLtevov irapari-devai rr)v dfjidpoaiav. Upiv 6e rbv veu- 
vrjrov rovrov oivoxbov r\Keiv, Kai rb veKrap ey£) evexeov. 
To 6e Trdvrcdv deivorarov, on urjde WKrbg Katievdo) 
fiovog rcov aXXcov, dXXd del ue Kai rore rw UXovrcovi 20 
tbvxayuyelv, Kai veKpoixo\inbv elvai, Kai rrapeardvai to) 
diKaorrjpicd. Ov yap iKavd uoi rd rr\g r\uepag epya, ev 
iraXaiorpaig elvat, Kav ralg eKKXr\aiaig KTjpvrreiv, Kai 
prjropag EKdiddoKeiv, dXX' en Kai veKpiKa Gvvdianpdrreiv 
ueuepiouevov. Kalroi rd uev rr)g Arjdag reKva Trap' r)uep- 25 
av eKarepog ev ovpavij 7) ev adov elaiv euoi 6e Ka$' EKaor- 
tjv f)uepav Kai ravra KaKelva rroielv dvayKalov. Kai 
ol uev 'AXKurjvrjg Kai 1eueXr]g, eK yvvaiK&v 6vorr)vG)v yev- 
ouevoi, ev^xovvrai dcppdvndeg- 6 6e hlaiag rj)g 'ArXavrid- 
og, diaKOvovuai avrolg. Kai vvv dpn r\Kovrd ue airb 30 
liidtivog napd rijg 'Ayrjvopog dvyarpbg, e(p' r)v nenoucpe 
ue 6i()6uevov ri npdrret r) nalg, urjde dvanvevaavra, 
TTerroucpev av-dig eg rb "Apyog enLUKeipouevov rrjv Aav- 
dr\v elr' eKelftev eg Boicoriav, (prjoiv, eXdcbv, ev Trapodo) 



82 MYTHOLOGY. 

rrjv 'Avti6tt7]V 16 e. Kal bXajg a-nrryopevKa rjdrj. E2 yovv 
fiot dvvarbv r)v, rjdeug av 7]^iiooa Trenpaodcu, tjonep ol ev 
yjfj icaittig dovXevovreg. 

Mai. "Ea ravra, & retcvov %pr) yap ndvra vnrjperelv 
5 r(x> narpl, veaviav ovra- Kal vvv, &onep ene[MJ)drjg, cobei 
eg "Apyog, elra eg rr\v Boioriav, fir] Kal TrXrjydg fipadvvov 
Xdb%\g. 

VII. ZEPHYR AND NOTUS. 
Ze<j>. Ov TTomore tto[ait7jv ey& fxeyaXorrpeirearepav eldov 
ev ry ■daXaocq, a<f>* ov ye elfii, Kal Trvecj. 2$ de ovk 
10 eldeg, G) Ndre; 

Nor. Tlva ravrrrv Xeyeig, a) Ze(pvpe, rrjv TTOfinrjV ; r) 
riveg ol ire pnovreg r)oav ; 

Zecf>. 'Kdiorov -&ed/jLarog dneXei(p-&r}g, olov ovk av dXXo 
idoig en. 
15 Nor. ILapa rrjv epv&pav yap -ddXaoaav eipya£6fj,r}V 
enenvevoa de ri Kal \iepog rrjg 'IvdiKrjg, boa irapdXia rr\g 
%&pag' ovdev ovv olda &v Xeyeig. 

Zecf). 'AXXd rov Hid&viov 'Ayf)vopa oldag ; 
Nor. Nat* rov rr)g TZvpunrjg narepa' ri \ir)v ; 
20 Ze(p. Hepl avrr)g eKeivrjg dirjyrjoofiai aoi. 

Nor. Mwv on 6 Zevg epaarrjg eK ttoXXov rrjg rraidog ; 
rovro yap Kal irdXai rjmordfirjv. 

Ze</>. Ovkovv rov [iev epora olada' rd /xerd ravra de 
rjdr) aKovoov. f H fiev 'Evpurrrj KareXr\Xv$ei enl rrjv rjiova 
25 nai^ovoa, rag r)XiKio)ridag napaXabovaa' 6 Zevg de, ravpu 
eiKaaag eavrbv, ovvenai^ev avralg, KaXXiarog (paivdfievog' 
XevKog re yap r)v aKpidoJg, Kal rd Kepara evKa^nr/g, Kal 
rd (3Xefifj,a r\\iepog. '~EoKipra ovv Kal avrbg em rrjg rfiov- 
og, Kal kfiVKaro rfdiorov, tiare rrjv ~EvpG)nrjv roX\ir)aai 
30 Kal dva6r)vai avrov. 'Qg de rovr' eyevero, dpofialog p,ev 
6 Zevg up\ir\cev enl rr)v -ddXaooav, (f>epo)v avrrjv, Kal 
evfjxsro efMneouv r) de ndvv eKnXayelaa r& npdy\iari, 
rxi Xaia \iev e'ixero rov Keparog, <bg fir) dnoXiofidvor ry 
krepa de r\ve\i(A\ievov rov nenXov cvvel%ev. 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 83 

Nor. 'Hdv tovto Mafia, <b Zecpvpe, sldeg. 

Z&p. Kal ar\v rd fierd ravra 7}dt(o napanoXv, w Nore- 
i\ yap SaXaooa evtivg atcvuuv eyevero, rjfieig 6e ndvTEg 
Tjavxiav dyovreg naprjKoXov&ovfjiEv. ''Epwref 6e napanET- 
cofievoL f-UKpov irnip rfjv d&Xaooav, tig evlore aKpoig Tolg 5 
nool emipavecv tov vdarog, i]\i\i£vag rag dadag Qepovreg, 
Xjdov aua tov v\iivaiov. At Nqprjideg 6e dvadvoai napin- 
nevov snl tCjv SeX^lvcjv, eni/cporovoaL, i\\iiyv\ivoi at noX- 
Xal' to te t€)v TptTG)VG)v ysvog, Kal el ti dXXo firj (f>o6epov 
Idelv tgjv -&aXaGGiG)v, anavTa Txeptexopeve ttjv nalda- 6 10 
fj£v yap Uoastdcjv £ni6E67]KO)g apfiaTog, napoxovfiEvrjv te 
Kal tt\v 'Afj,(f)i,TpLT7]v ex(*)v, Trporjye yey7)$G)g, npoodoinoptiv 
v7]xo{ievG) t(o adeX(f)G). 'E7U naGi 6e ttjv 'A(ppodLT7]v dvo 
TptTOveg etiepov, knl Koyx^g KaTaKetuevrjv, av-&r] navTola 
emnaTTOVoav Ty vva^. TavTa ek $oiviKr\g axP 1 T 1S ^ 
KprjTTjg kyivETO. 'E-rret 6s ette6tj ttj vtjgg), 6 p,sv Tavpog 
ovketl EcpaivETO' TjfiEtg 6e, EunEOOVTeg, aXXog aXXo tov 
nsXdyovg fispog diEKVfjLatvofisv. 

Nor. t £2 fiaKapcs Z6(f)vpE Trjg &£ag ! 'Eyw 6e ypvnag, 
Kal £Xs(pavTag, Kal fisXavag dv&pconovg kcjpcjv. 20 

VIII. THE CYCLOPS POLYPHEMUS AND NEPTUNE. 

Kvk. r Q iraTEp, ola nsnovda vnb tov KaTapaTov i-svov, 
bg fiEdvaag e%etv<PXg)Gs [ie, KOLfxojjiEvco ETuxEipfjcrag. 

Hog. Tig ds 5 TavTa ToX\ir\Gag, & UoXixfrrjuE ; 

Kvk. To filv npCoTOV Ovtiv eavTov dnEKaXsc- etxei 6e 
StEcpvyE, Kal e^g) rjv fisXovg, 'OdvGGevg dvofid&G-8at, £<br}. 25 

Hog. Olda bv Xiysig, tov 'WaKrjGLOv e% 'IXtov 6' avE- 
ttXel. 'AXXd nug TavT' Enpa^sv, ovdi ndvv Ev&apGfjg &v ; 

Kvk. KaTsXadov ev ro> dvTpco, and Tr\g vo\ir\g dvaG- 
TpEipag, noXXovg Tivag, EncdovXEvovTag 6r\XovoTi Tolg 
TTOLfjLviocg' etteI yap ETTE&rjKa T7J dvpa to ncJua (iTETpa 6i 30 
egtl uol TrafiiiEyE'drjg), Kal to rrvp dvEKavGa, EvavGa\iEVog 
b E(p£pov devdpov and tov opovg, E(f)dvr)Gav dnoKpvnTEiv 
avTovg nEipcjfiEvoc ey£) 6e GvXXa6cbv avTGjv Tivag, &Gn£p 
EiKog tjv, KaT£(f>ayov, XyGTag bvTag. 'F,VTav$a 6 navovp- 



84 MYTHOLOGY. 

yorarog kKEivog, elte OvTig, eIte 'OdvGGEvg tjv, SlSogc \ioi 
rrteiv (papfiattov ti kyxkag, r)6v \iev feat evogjjlov, kmdovXoT- 
arov 6e, Kai rapax^sorarov • dnavra yap Evtivg kdoKEt 
pot, nepxpepeotiac movTi, Kai to oirfjXatov avro dvearpe(f)- 
5ero, Kai ovketi oXog kv efiavrCd r\\ir\w TsXog 6e eg vnvov 
icaT£OTrdo"&r)v. r O 6e, dnoijvGag rov jioxXbv, Kai nvpGJGag 
ye npoGSTi, etv<PXg)gs \xe Kadevdovra- Kai an' 'eke'ivov tv- 
<j)X6g elfj,l Got, c5 HogelSov. 

Hog. t( D.g (3a$vv EKoifjLrj&rjg, g> tekvov, bg ovk k^sdopEg 

\OfjLETat-v TV(pXov\iEVog. f O 6' ovv 'OdvooEvg ndg 6te(pvyEV ; 
ov yap dv, ev old' on, kdvvrj^rj dnoKCvrjGai tt\v nsTpav 
and Ti]g &vpag. 

~Kvk. 'AAA' kyo) d<f)£iXov, &g \iaXXov avTov Xdboi\ii 
e^iovTa' Kai KaSLoag napd ttjv ■bvpav ktirjpcjv Tag x El 9 a( 3 

15 EKneTaaag, \iova napElg rd npobaTa kg ttjv vo\ir\v, evteiX- 

dfiEVog to) KpcC), bnoaa £XPV V TtpaTTEtv avTov vnsp kfiov. 

Ilocr. Mav&dvG), vn' EKEivoig oti ye sXa-^EV vn£i-£X#u)V 

ge. 'A.XXd Tovg dXXovg ye K.vKXo)ndg a' e6el kni6orjGaG- 

■&at sn' avTov. 

20 K.vk. SvvEKaXEoa, & naTEp, Kai t\kov knsl 6e rjpovTO 
tov EmbovXEvoavTog Tovvojia, Kayu) £<pr)v, oti OvTig ecu, 
fisXayxoXav oir\$£VT£g \le, &x ovro dmovTsg. Ovtcj kot- 
soocpioaTO \ie 6 KaTaparog ro5 6vo\iaTi. K.al b fidXtGTa 

TYViaGE flE, OTI Kai OV£l61^(x)V £[J,0l TT\V GV/jL(f)0pdv, Ovd' 6 

25naTrjp, cprjGlv, 6 JloGEtdcJv, laGETai ge. 

Hog. QdpGEL, <h tekvov, d\ivvov\xai yap avTov, dyg fid&q, 
oti, el Kai nf]po)Glv \ioi 6<p$aXpLG)v iaG$ai ddvvaTov, rd 
yovv t&v nXEOVTCJv kn' k/iol egtl- nXsl 6e etc 

IX. PANOPE AND GALENE. 

Hav. Eldsg, & TaXrjvrj, %#££, ola knoirjGEV r) "Epig napd 
30 to dslnvov ev QsTTaXia, 6l6tl fir) Kai avTrj ekXt^t] kg to 
GVfxnoGcov ; 

TaX. Ov GvvELGTiufirjV vfilv eywye* 6 yap HogeiSojv 
ekeXevge p,E, G) Uavonrj, aKv\iavTOV kv togovtg) (fyvXaTTEiv 
to nsXayog. Tt 6' ovv knoir\GEV r) "Epig p,rj napovGa ; 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 85 

Hav* *H Qen-g p,ev ijdr) Kai 6 HrjXevg dneXrjXv-&e(7av. 
*H 6' "Epig ev rouovr<*} Xadovoa rrdvrag, edvvrjdrj de pa- 
diojg, tgjv j-iev mvovrov, evi<*)v de Kporovvrwv , r] tgj 'AnoX- 
Xovi Kidapi^ovri, n) ralg Movaaig adovaaig irpooexovruiv 
rov vovv, evefaXev eg rd ovpnroowv [irjXov ri ndyKaXov, 5 
Xpvaovv bXov, <h VaXr]vr\- eneyeypanro de, r H KAAH AAB- 
ET12. KvXivdovp,evov de rovro, Cxynep e^errirrjdeg, rjfcev 
ev&a "Kpa re, Kai 'Acjypodirrj, Kai 'A-drjvd KareaXlvovro. 
Kdrreidrj 6 'Epfirjg dveXofievog erceXe^aro rd yeypa\i\ieva, 
at p,ev Nrjprjtdeg r)\ielg d7TeaiG)7T7]oajj,ev ri yap edei rcoielv, 10 
ek€lvg)v napovGGjv ; at de dvrenoiovvro e.Kaarr\, Kai avrrjg 
elvai rd firjXov tj^lovv. Kai el \if] ye 6 Zevg diearrjoev 
avrdg, Kai d%pi xeiptiv dv TTpovxuprjcre rd Trpdypxi. *&XX' 
eKelvog, Avrdg fiev ov Kpivti, (prjal, nepl rovrov (Kairoi 
eKelvat avrdv diKaoai r\^iovv), dntre de eg rr)v "Idrjv irapd 15 
rov ILpiduov iralda' bg olde re diayv&vai rd KaXXiov, 
(ptXoKaXog cov, Kai ovk dv eKelvog diKaatce KaKGJg. 

TaX. Ti ovv at deal, <h TLavonrj ; 

Uav. Trjjjbepov, olfiat, dniaai irpbg rr)v "Idrjv, Kai rig 
jjt-ei fierd \iiKpbv dnayyeXwy i\\iiv rf\v Kparovaav. 20 

TaX. "Rd?] aoi (pr^il, ovk dXXr\ Kparfjoei, rr)g ' A(ppodirr]g 
dyojvL^ofievTjg, r)v \ir\ ri ndvv 6 diairr\rr\g dp,6Xvcorry. 

X. XANTHUS AND THE SEA. 

"Edv. Ae%ai fie, & QdXarra, deivd nenovdora, Kai Kara- 
adeaov \lov rd rpavfiara. 

QdX. Tt rovro, gj "Zdv&e ; rig ae KareKavoev ; 95 

Zdv. "K^aLGrog* dXX' d,Trrjv$pdKG){j,ai oXcjg 6 KaKodai- 
fiov, Kai %eo). 

QdX. Aid ri de ool Kai evefaXe rd ixvp ; 

Zdv. Aid rov ravrr/g vibv rrjg Qeridog* enel yap fpov- 
evovra rovg Qpvyag iKerevaa, 6 d' ovk eixavaaro rrjg 3^ 
dpyr)g, dXX' vnd royv veKptiv dne^parre (xoi rov povv, 
eXerjaag rovg d&Xiovg eTrr)X$ov, eiuKXvoai fieXajv, G)g 
(f)o6rj$elg dnooxoiro rdv dvdpCJv. 'JZvravfia 6 "Hcpaiurog, 
erv%e yap nXijoiov rrov &v, nav, olp,ai, oaov ev rrj Arjfivoi 

H 



86 MYTHOLOGY. 

nvp elxs, Kal baov ev rirj Alrvy, Kal elno&i dXXo'&i, (pepwv 
enrjX-&e por Kal KareKavoe \iev rag nreXeag Kal {ivpUag' 
tdnri]ce 6e Kal rovg KaKo6ai\iovag lx$vg, Kal rag eyxeXetg' 
avrbv Se epe vnepKaxXdoai notrjoag fiLKpov delv bXov 
5 %7}pbv elpy aural. 'Opag 6' ovv, bnoyg 6iaKei\iai vnb rdv 
eyKavfidrov. 

QdX. QoXepbg, cj "Zdv&e, Kal -&epp,bg, &g etKog- rb alfia 
fiev dnb rdv vsKp&v. r\ -&ep\i7] 6e, (bg <piyg, dnb rov nvpbg. 
Kal elKoroyg, & Zavde, bg enl rbv ep,bv vliovbv &pp,7)oag> 
10 ovk aldeotielg ore ~N7]pr)tdog vlbg fjv. 

E<h>. Ovk edec ovv eXeijoac yeCrovag ovrag rovg $pv' 
yag; 

QdX. Tbv "Hfyacorov 6e ovk edec eXer\oac Qercdog vlbv 
bvra rbv 'AxiXXea; 

XL ABACUS, PROTESILAUS, MENELAUS, PARIS. 
(In the Lower World.) 
15 At. Tt ayxsig, w UpcoreacXae, rrjv '~EXev7]v npooneacov ; 
ILpwr. "Ore did ravrrjv, w AlaKe, dnetiavov, i\\LvreXr] 
fxev rbv ddfiov KaraXcn&v, xiP av °*£ r V v vebya\iov yv~ 
valKa. 

At. Aired) roivvv rbv MeveXaov, bang vfiag vnep roi- 
20 avrrjg yvvaiKbg enl Tpolav rjyayev. 

Upcjr. Et> Xeyecg' eKelvov fiot alrcareov. 

Mev. Ovk ep,e, o> (3eXrcore, dXXa dtKatorepov rbv Hdpcv, 

bg efxov rov i-evov rijv yvvatKa napd ndvra rd 6'iKaia 

&X er0 hpndoag. Ovrog yap ox>x vnb gov fiovov, dXX' 

25 vnb ndvrojv 'TZXXrjvoyv Kal Bapbdpcjv a^cog dyx^o^ac, 

rooovroig ftavdrov alriog yey evr\\ievog. 

Hpoyr. "Ajiecvov ovro). 2e roiyapovv, c5 Avonapc, ovk 
acprjao) nore dnb rtjv x u ?^ v * 

Hap. "AdtKa nocojv, c5 HpureoiXae, Kal ravra bp,6- 

30 rexvov bvra cor epojrcKog yap Kal avrog eifii, Kal ru> 

avril) #£gj KareoxW* 11 - Olo&a 6e, o>g aKOvocov ri eo~rl, 

' on 7]\idg b daijiGyv ayec, ev#a dv edeXq- Kal ddvvarov 

s dvrcrdrreo$ac avrti. 



MYTHOLOGICAL DIALOGUES. 87 

Hpior. Ev Xeyeig- el-&e ovv fioi rbv "EpG>Ta evravfta 
Xa6elv dvvarbv r)v. 

ki. 'Eyw rot Kal nepl rov "F,po)rog drroKptvovfiaC ooi 
ra dinaia. <br)oet yap avrbg fiev rov epav tw Udptdt 
loiog yeyevr)o$aL alriog, rov davdrov Se ooi ovdeva dXXov, 5 
H) ILpcoreotXae, rj oeavrbv bg eKXa-&6fievog ri]g veoydjiov 
yvvaacdg, enel npooefyepeode rr\ Tpwddt, ovro) (ptXoKtvdv- 
vcjg Kal dnovevoTjfievwg npoenfjdrjoag rcov dXXov, dogrjg 
epaodelg, oV rjv npcorog ev rf/ dnoddoet dnedaveg. 

LTpwr. Ovkovv Kal vnep e\iavrov oot, 0) AlaKe, dno- 10 
Kpivovfiac dtKatorepa. Ov yap ey£) rovrcjv atrtog, dXX' rj 
Moipa, Kal rb et; dp%r)g ovrojg enLKEKXcjotiat. 

At. 'Optfaic* ri ovv rovrovg alrta ; 

XII. A TRITON, IPHIANASSA, AND DORIS. 

{Nereids.) 

Tp. To KTJrog vfitiv, w ~Nrjpr]ideg, b enl rrjv rov Krjcpeug 
dvyarepa rrjv 'AvSpo/iedav enefxipare, ovre rrjv nalda 15 
rjdiKTjoev, d)g oleo&e, Kal avrb rjdr) re^vr\Kev. 

Nt/o. 'Tnb rivog, d> Tptro)v ; r] 6 Kr}(f>evg, KaSdnep 
deXeap npodelg rrjv Koprrv, dneKretvev entcbv, Xo^rjoag 
fierd noXXrjg dvvdfiecjg ; 

Tp. Qvk* dXX' lore, olfiai c5 'Ifadvaooa Kal Awpt, rov 20 
Hepoea, rb rrjg Aavdrjg natdiov, b p,erd rrjg \nr\rpbg ev r^ 
Kiburtd e[i6Xri$ev eg rrjv -ddXarrav vnb rov fj,r]rpondropog, 
eouoare, oiKreipaoat avrovg. 

T0. Olda bv Xeyeig- embg 6e rjdrj veaviav elvai, Kal 
\iaka yevvalov re Kal KaXbv Idelv. 25 

Tp. Qvrog dneKretve rb Kjjrog. 

T0. Atd ri, c5 Tpiroiv; ov yap 6rj odor pa r\\ilv rotavra 
eKrivetv avrbv exprjv. 

Tp. 'Eycj vfilv (ppdoGj rb nav, d>g eyevero. ''EordXrj 
uev ovv em rag Topyovag, a§X6v riva rovrov tw (3aotXel 30 
emreXtiv enel 6e dcpLKero eg rrjv At6vrjv, evtia rjoav . . . 

T0. Htig, o) Tptrojv ; fiovog, rj Kal aXXovg ov\L\id%ovq 
r\yev ; aXXoyg yap dvonopog r) bdog. 



88 MYTHOLOGY. 

TjO. Aid rov dspog- vnonrspov yap avrov r) 'Afirjva 
eftrjKEV. 'ETret 6' ovv tjkev, bnov 6irjro)vro, at fisv ercd$- 
evdov, olfiai, 6 6s dnorsficov rrjg Msdovorjg rrjv KS^aXrjv 
&X £T ' CLTTonrdfxevog. 
5 '1(f). H£jg ldo)v ; dftsaroi yap slaiv r) bg dv I6r}, ovk 
av ri aXXo fisrd ravra Idol. 

Tp. f H 'Atirjva rrjv donlda rtpocpaivovoa (roiavra yap 
ijKOvoa 6irjyov\iivov avrov npbg rrjv 'Av6pojis6av, Kal 
npbg rov Kr](f)£a vorspov), r) 'Adrjva 6rj snl rrjg aonidog 

lOaTxooriXdovarjg^ cdGirsp snl Karonrpov, TTape<rx ev ^vru 
I6slv rrjv elfcova rrjg Medov07]g- elra Xa66fisvog rr} Xaia 
rrjg KOfirjg, svopCdv 6s eg rrjv sltcova, rfj Ss^lq, rrjv aprcrjv 
exw, anETS[j,e rrjv KscpaXrjv avrrjg' Kal reply dvsypsa^ai 
rag ddsXtyag dvsreraro. '^nsl 6s Kara rrjv rrapaXiov 

15 ravrrjv rrjg AWLorriag syevsro, rj6rj npoaysiog ner6/j,svog, 
bpa rrjv 'Av6pojis6av ixpoKsi\iEvrjv siri nvog ixsrpag rcpo- 
bXrjrog, npooTTsrrarraXsvfisvrjv, KaXXiarrjv, <b -&sol, Kadsi- 
\hsvr\v rag KO\iag Kal r\\iiyv\LVov. Kal rb \isv nptirov, 
oiKrsipag rrjv rvx^jv avrrjg, avrjp&ra rrjv air lav rrjg 

SO Kara6iK7)g' Kara \iiKpbv 6s dXovg spo)ri fiorj$sZv 6isyvo). 
'KaTxsi6rj rb Krjrog STrfjSL, fidXa <po6spbv, ojg Kararabfisvov 
rrjv 'Av6po[is6av, vrrspaKjoprj^slg 6 vsavioKog, rrpoKCJirov 
ex^v rrjv apnrjv, rig fisv KaSiKVElrai, rf/ 6s rrpo6sLKVvg 
rrjv Topyova XcSov snotsi avro. To 6s rstivr/KEV djiov, 

25 Kal TTEirriyEV avrov rd noXXd, baa sl6s rrjv Msdovaav. 
'O 6s Xvaag rd 6so~p,d rrjg Traptisvov, imoox&v ttjv %e£pa, 
v-Ks6s^aro aKpono6rjrl Kartovaav sk rrjg nsrpag, 6Xio$rjpdg 
ovorjg- Kal vvv yafisl sv rov Krjfisog, Kal aird^st avrrjv 
Eg 'Apyog- uors dvrl -&avdrov yd\iov ov rov rvxovra 

30 svpsro. 

'L/>. 'Eyo) fisv ov ixdvv snl tc5 ysyovori dx^ofiar ri 
yap r) nalg rj6iKEi rj/iag, si ri r) \ir)rrjp s\isyaXavx^ rors, 
Kal rj^iov KaXXiuv slvai ; 

Ao>p. "Ort ovrcjg av rjXyrjOsv snl r^f -dvyarpl firjrrjp 
waa. 

MrjKsrc p,£fiv(0[i,E&a, <h Awpi, ekeivcjv, el ri fidp6a- 



GEOGRAPHY. 89 

pog yvvr) inrep tt)v a%iav EXdXrjOsv iKavfjv yap r)jj,lv Tifjt- 

opiav e6g)ke, (po6rj-&£i(ja ettI 7^7 rraidi. Xaipo)p,EV ovv 
ru) ydfiG). 



GEOGRAPHY. 



I. EUROPE. 



1. f H EvpuTTt] ovfinaoa oiKf]oi\i6g eoti ixXr)v oXiyrjg- 
Tr)g aoinrjTov did ipv%o<;' avrrj 6' dfiopEiToig 'Afia^oiKOig, 5 
Tolg -rrepl rbv Tdva'iv, Kal tt\v Mcligjtlv, Kal rov Bopva- 
-&evr]. Tr)g 6e oIktjoI[iov, to fiev dvoxeiiiepov Kal to opEiv- 
bv fLOx^pcJg oltcelTai, T'q cpvaer EniuEXrjTag 6e XadovTa 
dyaftovg Kal Ta (fyavXoyg oiKov\LEva rjuspovTai. Ka^dnep 

01 "~EXXr)V£g, oprj Kal TtETpag KaTEXovTEg, iokovv KaXcJg did 10 
tt\v npovoiav tt\v TXE.pl Ta noXiTiKa, Kal Tag TEftvag, ical 
ttjv aXXrjv ovveoiv tt)v nspt f3iov. ( Po)fj,aloi re noXXi, 
E-&V7] napaXaflovTEg naTa ttjv (pvoiv dvrj/iEpa, Kal Tovg 
dypiOTEpovg rroXiTiKGJg £f/v sSida^av. 

2. Aia(f)Ep£i 6e tj F,vpG)7T7] Kal TavT-g, Sioti Tovg fcapnovg 15 
£K(p£p£L Tovg dpiOTOvg, ical Tovg dvayaaiovg tco j3ico, Kal 
\L£TaXXa boa xPV OL l ia ' &vcouaTa $£ tat XiSovg rroXvTEXEig 
£t;G)$£v \jleteio~iv, uv Tolg anavi^ojiEvoig ovdsv x eL P (i)V o 
piog eotiv, r] Tolg Evrropovfisvoig. '&g 6' avTcog $oGKr\\id- 
t(av fiEV txoXXCjv d(p-&oviav Trapex^c, -dripioyv ds ondviv. 20 

3. Trjg '\br\piag to uev ttXeov olkbItol (pavXojg- oprj yap 
Kal dpvfiovg Kal Tisdia Xettt\v ex ovra J 7 ) v ^ °v°*£ TavTTjV 
bpaXCyg evvdpov oikovoi ttjv ttoXXtjv r) 6e rrpoadoppog 
ipvxpd EOT i TsXitog rrpbg ttj TpaxvTrjTi. f H 6e voTtog 
rrdoa evdulficjv o^eddv ti , Kal diatpspSvTtog r) &%& ottjXuv. 25 

4. Trjv BatriKTjv diappel 6 BaiTig noTa/iog, k% dvaToXtiv 
opucojiEvog. Oikovoiv avTr)v TovpSiravol, oocb&TaTOk tgjv 
'I6r)p(*)v bvTEg. f O BaiTtg dvanXeETat bXudm [tEydXarg, 
Kai eIoi rvEpl Tag bx&ag avTOv \iETaXXa aXXa re Kal dp- 
yvpog nXEiOTog. 'ldrjpia naoa tuv dXE'&picJv ■drjpiojv 30 

H2 



90 GEOGRAPHY. 

onavi^ei, nXr)v tgov yEWpvx (t)V Xayidiuv. Avfiaivovrai 
yap ovtol Kal (pvrd Kal oneppara pi^otfiayovvTsg. 

5. r H TovpdiTavia Kal r) Trpoasx^g avTij yr) EVKaprrog 
eon, Kal pETaXXoig ttXtj&vei. Ovte yap xf JV °og, ovte dp- 

5 yvpog, ovds 6r) x a ^ K0 S-> ovde oidrjpog, ovdafiov rrjg yrjg ovte 
TooovTog, ov-&* ovTCog dya-&og E^ryraoTai yevvcjfievog p^XP 1 
vvv 6 Se xpvoog ov fieraXXeverai povov, dXXd Kal ovps- 
rat' Karacpepovat 6e ol rroTapol Kal ol xEi\iappoi ttjv %pvo- 
Xtiv appov, rroXXaxov Kal ev Tolg dvvdpoig Toiroig ovoav 
10 dXX y ekeI psv d<pavr)g eotlv, ev 6e Tolg k-niKXvoTOig diro- 
XdfjbiTEi to tov xp va °v ^r)ypa. '^ v °*£ TOi S ' l PV7l J ' aGL T °v 
Xpvocov fyaolv EvpiGKEodaL ttote Kal r\piXiTpiaiag (3u)Xovg, 
dg KaXovai ndXag, piKpdg Ka-&dpoEG)g dsopsvag. 

6. Twv 6s '16rjpo)v dXKipuTaTOi psv elotv ol KaXovpsvoi 
15 AvotravoL Qopovot 6' ev rolg noXEpotg TriXrag piKpdg 

rravTEXtig, diaTTETrXsypEvag vsvpoig, Kal dvvapr.vag gketxelv 

TO G£d\ia TXEpiTTOTEpOV did T7]V OTSpEOTTjTa. XptivTai 6e 

Kal oavvloig bXooi6f)poig dyKiOTpudECiv aKOVTi^ovoi 6e 
evoTOx^g Kal fiaKpdv. 'EvkIv7]tol 6e ovTsg Kal Kovcpot, 

20 padlojg Kal (pEvyovoc Kal dttoKovocv. 'YaTltt\6evovoi de 
KaTa [lev ttjv Eipr\vr}v opxrjotv Tiva Kov(prjv Kal nEpiExova- 
av izoXXr)v EVTOviav okeXcov ev 6e Tolg TtoXipoig rrpog 
pv&fibv E(i6alvovGi, Kal naidvag adovoiv, oTav ettlugl Tolg 
dvTtT£Tay\iEvoig. 

25 7. Td livprjvala oprj KaTa to vtpog Kal KaTa to psysdog 
imdpxei> Std(popa tgjv dXXojv. UoXXgjv 6e ovtov ev av- 
Tolg dpvjicJv, (paolv ev Tolg iraXaiolg xpovotg vno tivuv 
vopsojv, d(f)EVT0)v nvp, KaTaKarrvai TravTsXcbg anaoav tt\v 
opEivrjv x^P av - & L0 Ka i ^^xvdg rjpspag ovvsxiog rrvpbg 

30 ETufiXsyovTog, Kar\vai ttjv ETifydvsiav Tr\g yrjg, Kal Ta fiitv 
6p7] did to ovfi6E6r)Kdg KXrjdrjvat, Hvprjvala, Tr)v 6e sm- 
<t>dvsiav Tr)g KaTaKEKav\iEV7]g x^P a S apyvptp pvijvai ttoX- 
Aw, Kal pvaKag yEvioftai ixoXXovg dpyvpov Ka-dapov. Tr)g 
d£ tovtov xpz ia S dyvoov\LEV7]g napd Tolg syx^pt-oig, Tovg 

oc Anivucag, EfjLTTopiaig xP^pevovg Kal t6 ysy ovbg padovTag, 
y.v tov dpyvpov pmpdg Ttvbg avTidocsug dXX<ov 



EUROPE. 91 

<poprlo)v. Aid 6f\ rovg QolviKag \ieydXovg TTepcnoLTjoaodaL 
TrXovrovg. 

8. KaravTitcpv 6e rr\g 'I67jplag vtjool imdpxovoiv, vizb 
fjbev tl)v 'EXXtjvojv dvofia^ouevat Vvfivrjatai, did ro rovg 
evoiKOvvrag yvuvovg T7]g eodrjrog (3iovv Kara rrjv rov 5 
■Sspovg Cdpav vno 6e rwv eyxupiuv Kal rojv 'FG)p,aiO)v 
Trpoaayopevovrai BaXXiapelg, and rov (3dXXeiv ralg ofiev- 
dovaig Xldovg aeydXovg KaXXiara r£zv dv&pcjTTGJV — '07T- 
XiGfibg 6' earcv avrolg rpelg ofevdovai, Kal rovrov alav 
p,ev TTSpl ttjv Ke^aXrjv exovocv, aXXr)v 6e rrepl rrjv yaa- 10 
repa, rplrrjv 6' ev ralg xepoi. Kara 6e rag noXeuiKdg 
%peiag fidXXovoc Xltiovg ttoXv [lel^ovg rojv aXXcov, ovrojg 
€vr6vu)g, hare Sotcelv ro (3X7]$ev and nvog KaraireXrov 
<f)epeadai. 

9. f H TaXarla, Keiaevr] Kara ro irXelarov vno rag 15 
apfcrovg, x £L ^P^€ £6~ l KaL ^ V XP^ diafyepovrug. Kara 
yap rrjv x et f L£ P tv V v &>pOsV, &v ralg ovvvetyeoiv rjaepacg, 
dvrl [iev r£)v oadpojv x i ® vl KoXXifi vifyerai, Kara 6e rag 
av&piaq KpvordXXu Kal irdyotg e^aialoig 7tXt)$v£L, St' (bv ol 
TTora/iol, n7]yvv[ievoL, did rr\g Id lag (bvaeojg yecpvpovvrai. 20 
Ov fiovov yap ol rvxbvreg bdlrai Kar' bXlyovg Kara rov 
KpvardXXov nopevoaevoi 6ta6alvovGiv, dXXd Kal arparo- 
nedov [ivpiddeg aera OKevocpopuv Kal djia^v yeuovotiv 
dofyaXtig nepatovvrat. JloXXojv 6e Kal [isyaXoiv nora\idv 
peovruiv did rr\g TaXarlag, Kal rolg peldpotg noiKiXug rr\v 25 
nedtdda refivovrojv, ol aev e/c Xiuvtiv d6vooo)v peovoiv, ol 
6e ek riov bptiv exovat rag Ttrp/dg Kal rag eiuppoiag • rr\v 
6e kK6oXfjv ol aev elg rov 'QKeavov noiovvrat, ol 6e elg 
rrjv /ca#' rjadg tidXaooav. Meyiorog <5' eon tgjv elg ro 
Ka$' r)udg rreXayog peovrov 6 'Fodavog, rag fiev yovdg 30 
£%wv ev rolg 'AXneiotg bpeoi, irevre 6e croaaaiv et-epev- 
youevog elg rrjv ddXaoaav. — 10. Ev<f)VGJg 6e Kelvrai ol rrjg 
X&pag TTorajiol, coare and rov 'QKeavov elg rrjv eao -&d- 
Xaocav Kal eunaXiv rd <j)6pria did rtiv irorauGJv ol e\i- 
iropoi dia6i,6d$ovciv, oXlycjv rivtiv x (i) P L(jJV T™Zy KOfii^ea- 35 
dab dvayKa^ovrov. 



92 GEOGRAPHY. 

1 1 . Kara rr\v TaXariav apyvpog p,ev to gvvqXov ov 
yiyverai, xpwbg de rroXvg, ov Tolg eyx^pioig rj (pvotg avev 
KaKOTradeiag vnovpyel. 'Ev yap /36-dpoig dpvx$£ioiv em 
\iinpbv evpiotcovrat, Kal x^ponXrj'&elg xpvoiov irXaKeg, eo$' 
5 ore fitKpdg d-roKaftdpoewg deb\ievai. To de Xotnbv, ipijypd 
eon Kal (3gjXol, Kal avrai narepyaaiav ov ttoXXtjv exova- 
ai. — 12. Tg> de XP vo V fcaTaxp&vrac irpbg KOOfiov, ov 
\ibvov at yvvalKeg, dXXd Kal ol avdpeg. ILepl p,ev yap 
Tovg fcapnovg nai rovg fipaxlovag ipeXXta (popovor rcepl de 

10 rovg avx^vag KpiKovg iraxslg bXoxpvoovg, tcai daKTvXlovg 
d^LoXoyovg, em de XP VOOV S dupa/cag. 

13. To ovfLTtav e$vog, o vvv KeXrticov re Kal TaXar- 
lkov Kal YaXXmbv naXelrai, #v\iikov eon nai \idxi\iov, 
nai fidXtora luTTLK'q ^dyy] evdoKLjiovv, Kal rb npdriorov 

15 'Pufiaioig Itttukov ovtol TzapexovGtv. ~Elol de rolg rpoix- 
oig dnXol, Kal ov KaKorj-decg- ra) de d-nvtGJ Kal ^vfiLKcj) 
ttoXv rb dvbrjTOV Kal dXa^oviKOV rrpbaeoTt Tolg TaXdratg 
Kal to (pcXoKoofiov. — 14. Tolg fxev a6p,aotv elaiv evfirjKetg, 
Talg de oap%i Kad-vypoi Kal XevKoi Talg de KOfiacg ov 

20 fiovov eK tyvceug t-av&ol, dXXd Kal did TTjg KaTaoKevrjg 
entTrjdevovoLV av^eiv ttjv fyvoiKryv TTjg XP° a S idiOT7p-a* 
TiTavov yap aTTOTrXvfiaTi uiitivTeg Tag rpixag ovve%G)g t 
iv a dia(j)avelg G)Oi, Kal dnb tgjv p>eTG)Tcu>v enl ttjv Kopv&rjv 
Kal Tovg TevovTag dvaonCjoiv • wore tt\v irpbocnpLV avTcov 

25 (paivecdai ZaTvpotg Kal Haoiv eoiKvlav ixaxvvovTai yap 
at Tpixsg anb TTjg KaTepyaoiag, &OTe p,7]dev Tr\g tgjv 
lttttgjv x a ' iT7 lS dtacpepetv. Ta de yeveid Tiveg \iev gvptiv- 
Tai, Tiveg de peTpiojg vnoTpecpovGiv • ol d' evyevelg Tag 
fiev napeidg anoXeiaivovoL, Tag d' vTrrjvag avei\ievag etiaiv 

30 were rd GToaara avTGJv eTUKaXimTeofiai. 

15. 'Rv de Talg bdoiTopiaig Kal Talg [mxcug xP<*> VTai 
GvvojpLGiv, exovTog tov dpfiarog tjvloxov Kal napadaTTjv. 
Kara de Tag napaTageig ei&$aoi npodyecv TTjg TrapaTa^e- 
ojg, Kal npoKaXeZodai rtiv dvTt,TeTayp,evG)v Tovg dpioTOvg 

35 elg \iovo\iax^v , npoavaoelovTeg Ta onXa Kal KaTaTXr\T- 
TOfievot Tovg evavTiovg. "Orav de Tig vTraKovoyj rrpbg ttjv 



EUROPE. 93 

judx^j Tag re rdv npoyovcjv dvdpayaMag egv/ivovoi, Kal 
rag eavrdv dperdg rcpocpepovrai, teal rbv dvrtrarrdfievov 
et-oveidi^ovoi. Tuv 6e Treoovrojv TToXefilcjv rag KetpaXdg 
d<paipovvreg, irepiaTTrovci rolg av^eat rtiv lttttg)V' rd de 
CKvXa rolg ftepdrrovoL napadovreg {jfiayfieva Xa<pvpayo)- 5 
yovoi, 7raiavi£ovreg Kal adovreg v\ivov emvLKLOV ttai rd 
anpoMvia ravra ralg oiKiaig TrpoorjXovaiv, tjcmep ev kvv- 
rjyiaig real fcexeipojfievoi -&rjpia. Ttiv de e7TL(paveordro)v 
TroXejiiuv fcedpuoavreg rag Ke^aXdg, emfieXcog rrjpovoiv ev 
XdpvaKi, Kal rolg %evoig eTudetKvvovotv. 10 

16. Kara rr\v YaXariav rr\v 7rapo)fceavlriv, naravrmpv 
rCjv f Epfcvvt,o)v ovojia^ojievov dpvfitiv vtjool noXXal Kara 
rbv 'SlKeavbv vTrdpxovcnv, &v eorl \iia Kal fJLeyiorr], Bper- 
ravLKrj KaXovfievrj. Kvrr\ de ra> ax^fiart rpiyo)vog ovaa 
TrapaTrXrjOLwg rg SiKeXia, rag irXevpdg ovk laoKCjXovg exec 15 
KaroiKelv de (paou rr\v BperraviKTjv avrox$ova yevrj, Kal 
rbv rraXaibv (3iov ralg dyuyalg diarrjpovvra. "Ap\iaai \iev 
yap Kara rovg iroXefAOvg xP& VTal -> Katidnep ol naXaiol rdv 
''RX?^rjvc t )V rjpueg ev tw TpuiKti iroXefiG) KexprjO^ac irapa- 
dedovrai • Kal rag olKrjoeig evreXelg exovoiv, eK KaXdficjv r) 20 
%vXg)v Kara rb nXelorov avyKei\ievag. Tolg de rj-fteocv 
dnXovg elvat avrovg Xeyovat, Kal rroXv Kexo)ptop,evovg rrjg 
rujv vvv dvT&pG)7TG)v dyxivofag Kal TTOvrfpiag' rag re diair- 
ag evreXelg exeiv, Kal rrjg eK rov rrXovrov yevvcofievrjg 
rpvcfyfjg ttoXv diaXXdrrovrag- fiaotXelg re Kal dvvdorag 25 
TToXXovg ex £LV ' Ka ^ ^pbg dXXrjXovg Kara rb nXelarov eipr}v~ 
iKcog 6iaKelo$ai. 

17. Trjg BperraviKr/g Kara rb d.KpGyrrjpcov rb KaXovfi- 
evov BeXepiov ol KaroiKovvreg (pcXo^evoi re diaoepovrog 
eiol, Kal 6ta ri)v rtiv gevcov efirropoyv eixi\iL^,iav etyfiepo)- 30 
\ievoi rag dycjydg. Qvroi rbv Kaaoirepov KaraoKevd^ovoi, 
faXorexvug epya^6\ievoi rr\v (pepovaav avrbv yr\v. — 18. 
f H ixXeiart] rrjg fieydXrjg Bperravlag nedtdg eon Kal Ka- 
rddpvfiog, noXXd d' ex eL Ka ^ opetvd. Qepet, de olrov Kal 
fiooicfjfiara Kal \ieraXXa xpwov Kal dpyvpov Kal atdrjpov • 35 
Kal depfiara 6e Kal avSpdrroda xoprjyel Kal Kvvag Kvvr\yer- 



94 GEOGRAPHY. 

iKovg. KeXrol de teal rolg kvoI rovroig xp^ vraL n P°S 
rovg TioXefiovg. ~Elol d' ol Bperravol evfirjiceig rolg oa)fi- 
aot,, rd de TJ-dr] anXovorepa ical (3ap6ap(orepa exovoiv f\ixep 
ol KeXrol, toor' evioi did rd dyvoelv, Kalroi yaXanrbg 
5 evnopovvreg, ov rvponotovoiv dneipoi d' elol Kal fcrj-rreiag 
Kal dXXo)V yeopyiKuv. lioXeig de avrtiv elolv ol dpvfioL 
Qpdt-avreg yap devdpeoi KarabebXr\\ievoig evpvx^prj kvk- 
Xov, Kal avrol evrav-da KaXv6onoiovvrai, Kal rd Pookthi- 
ara Karaora&fievovoLv, ov irpbg ttoXvv %povov. "E7Top 

10 dpOL d' elolv ol depeg \idXXov r\ vupercodeig. '~Ev de ralg 
aiftpiaig b\iixXr\ Kare%et noXvv xpovov, &ore, di' rjjiepag 
oXrjg, em rpelg \iovov rj rerrapag cjpag rag irepl rr\v \ieo- 
rj{j,6plav bpaodac rbv tjXiov. 

19. Ol Tepfiavol fiiKpbv e<~aXXdrrovoi rov KeXriKov 

15 (pvXov tw re ixXeovao\iiid rr\g dypiorrjrog, Kal rov fieyedovg, 
Kal rrjg ^av&or^rog • raXXa de TrapanXrjOioi Kal fiopcpalg 
Kal vbfioig, o$ev Kal Tep/iavol vtco 'Pto/mtwv KaXovvrav 
dvvarat de rb bvofia yvi]Oioi. Td fiopeiorepa e$vr) rtiv 
Yepiiavdv dfia^bbid eon Kal vofiadiKa, Kal padiog \iera- 

20 vaoreveiv eroifia, did rb p) -drjoavpl^eiv. — 20. Ol napo)- 
Keavlrai Tepjiavol KaXovvrat Ki[i6poc. "Etiog de ri avrtiv 
dir\yovvrai rocovrov, on ralg yvvat^lv avr&v over par- 
evovaaig rolg dvdpdoi rraprjKoXovd^ovv yvvalKeg npo^dv- 
reig lepetai, iroXiorptxeg, Xevxelfioveg, Kapnaocvag efian- 

25 ridag eTznreTTopTTTjjjbevai, Ztiojia xaXKovv exovoai., yv\ivo- 
nodeg. Tolg ovv alx^aXcjroig did rov orparonedov ovv- 
7]vr(j)v %L(f)7)peig - Karaorei^aoai de avrovg f/yov eirl Kpar- 
7}pa x^kovv, baov d[i(f)opeG)v elkoolv. EZ^ov de dva- 
6d-&pav, 7jv dvapdoa rf lepeta vTTepTrerfjg rov Xebr\rog 

30 eXai\ioro\iei eKaorov [lereupiatievra. 'Ek de rov Trpoxsofi- 
evov alfiarog elg rbv Kparr/pa \iavrelav nvd erroiovvro. 
"AXXai de diaoxloaoai eonXdyxvevov, dva§deyy6\ievai 
viK7\v rolg oiKeiotg. 'Eo> de rolg dycJoiv ervnrov rag 
fivpoag, rag Trepirerafievag rolg yeppoig rC)v ap\ia\ia£,£)v ■, 

35 uore arroreXelodac ipocpov k^aloiov. 

21. Merd rr\v virupetav twv 'AATrewv apxh eon rrjg 



EUROPE. 95 

y \raXiag. Kal rd fiev vno ralg "AXttegcv eari rcediov 
ev6ai\iov Gcpodpa, Kal yeuXocpiaig evKaprrotg 7se-roiKiX\Lev- 
ov, Aiaipel 6' avrb fieGov nvg 6 Uddog. "Arcaoa [iev 
ovv r) x&pa TTorafiolg irXrjdvec Kal eXeGi, fidXiGra de r) r&v 
'EvercJv. — Hapd rolg 'Everolg r£) Acofirjdet arrodedetyiiev- 5 
at rtveg iGropovvrai ri\iai • Kal yap dverac XevKbg Zirnog 
avrti ■ Kal 6vo aXarj, rb fxev "Hpag 'Apyecag SeiKvvrac, rb 
6' 'AprefitSog AlruXidog. lipoofivdevovoc de ev rolg aX- 
oeoi rovroig 7]jj,epovG-&ai rd -drjpia, Kal XvKOig eXdcpovg 
ovvayeXd&O'&aL' irpoGiovruv de rdv avftpcjirov Kal Kara- 10 
ipavovTG)v dv£%£0§ai- rd de dicuKOjieva vtto t&v kvvgjv, 
erreiddv Karafivyrj devpo, \ir\Ken diuKeGdai. 

22. Ot Aiyveg veuovrai %&pav rpa^Eiav Kal navreXtig 
Xvrcpdv rolg de novoig Kal ralg Kara rr)v Xeirovpyiav 
avve^eoi KaKonadeiaig eninovov rivd (3iov Kal drv%rj 15 
%€mu. Karadevdpov yap rrjg %&pag ovorjg, ol jiev avroiv 
vXorofiovoi di' oXrjg rr)g rjfiepag, ol de rr)v yr)v epya^dfievoi 
rd irXelov rrerpag Xaro\iovGi did rijv vnepdoXrjv rrjg rpa%- 
vrrjrog — ovdeuiav yap fitiXov rolg epyaXeioig dvaoiruoiv 
avev XiSov — Kal roiavrrjv exovreg ev rolg epyoig KaKO- 20 
Ttd-deiav, ry Gvvex^ia nepiyiyvovrai rrjg (fivosug- Kal 
ixoXXd uoxdrjo-avreg, bXiyovg Kapnovg Kal \ioXig Xafi6dv- 
ovoi. Upbg de rrjv KaKotrddeiav ravrrrv ovvepyovg exovGi 
rag yvvaiKag, ei$iG\ievag eniGrjg rolg dvdpaGiv epyd&G- 
$ai. Kvvrjyiag de noiovvrai Gvve%elg, ev alg noXXd 25 
rojv $r)piG)v x eL P W EV01 ") Tr ) v Eii T ^ v Kapn'tiv Girdviv diop- 
tiovvrai. QpaGelg d' elol Kal yevvaloi, ov \ibvov elg 
TcoXejjLov, dXXd Kal npbg rag ev tw j3ig) ixepiGraGeig rag 
exovGag deivorrjrag. 'E^Tropevo^evoi yap nXeovGi rb 2ap- 
dtiov Kal rb Ai6vkov ireXayog, erolfiojg eavrovg piirrovreg 30 
elg d6orj$f)rovg Kivdvvovg. iKacbeGi yap xP^ evoL r ^> v 
gx^lojv evreXeGrepotg, Kal rolg aXXoig rolg Kara vavv 
XprjGLpLOLg TjKtGra KareGKevaGfievoig, vrrojievovGi rag eK 
r&v x El l 1( ^ vwv (f>o6epo)rdrag rrepiGraGeig Kara-rXr\KriKCdg. 

23. Zvvexelg rovroig elaiv ol Tvpprjvol, ol napd rolg 35 
'FoyfjiaLoig 'ErpovGKOL Kal Tovgkol irpoGayopevovrai, rd 



96 



GEOGRAPHY. 



nedia exovreg rd \i£%pi rov nora\iov rov Ti6epi6og. 'Pel 
6e eic rwv 'Anevvivuv bpdv 6 Tibeptg- nXrjpovrai 6e en 
noXXdv nora\idv % jiepog \ievroi 6t' avrr)g cfyepdjievog rr)g 
Tvpprjviag, rb 6' e<pe%r)g dcoplfav an' avrrjg, npcorov fiev 
brr]v '0[j,6piKr]v, elra rovg Lablvovg Kal Aarlvovg, rovg 
npbg rq Tw^ ^XP l T VS napaXiag. — 24. 0/ Tvpprjvol, rb 
p,ev naXaibv dvdpeia dieveyKavreg, %&pav noXXr)v narsn- 
rrjoavTO, Kal noXeig a^ioXoyovg Kal noXXdg ewrioav. 
'Ofioiog 6e Kal vavriKalg dwdpeoLV laxvoavreg, Kal noX. 

10 Xovg XP° V0V £ daXarroicparrjoavreg, to [iev napd rrjv 
'JraXiav neXayog d(p' eavrCjv enoirjoav Tvpprjvacdv npoa- 
ayopev&rjvac- rd 6e Kara rag ne&Kag dwdfieig eKnovf)- 
oavreg, ttjv re odXmyya e^evpov, Kal noXXd dXXa, cjv 
rd nXelora 'Pojfialot \ii\irjodp,evoi /xerrjveyKav enl rrjv 16 lav 

15 noXireiav. Ypd\i\iard re Kal (pvouoXoyiav Kal tieoXo- 
yiav eijenovrjoav enl nXelov, Kal rd nepl rfjv KepavvooKO- 
niav fidXcora ndvro)v avftpunoiv e^eipydaavro. Xcjpav 
6e ve\ib\ievoi naficpopov, Kal ravrrrv e^epya^dfievoi, KapncJv 
d<f)$oviav exovocv. 'Evdo$;6raroi 6e rd nplv bvreg, elg 

20 rpvtpfjv (bXioftrjoav, Kal ev noroig re Kal pativfiiatg (3iovv- 
reg, rr)v eK naXaitiv XP° VG)V 7xa P' o/vrolg ^rjXovfievrjv 
aXKr\v Kal rrjv rdv narepov 66%av ev rolg noXe\ioig dno- 
6e6XrjKaoiv. 

25. r H twv Aarivuv x^P a ftZTa^v Kelrai rrjg re and 

25 rtiv 'Qoriuv napaXlag, j^expt- noXeog ^Livveoorjg Kal rrjg 
2,a6ivrjg • eicr elver at 6e enl prjKog \ieXP l rr )$ K-a>fJ>naviag 
Kal rC)v ZavvLriKGjv bptiv. — 26. "Anaoa r) Aarivrj, ov 
f Pwp7 Kelrai, eorlv evdaifiwv Kal nafi(f)6pog, nXr)v bXtyo)v 
X^pl^v ru)V Kara rr)v napaXtav, boa eXudrj Kal vooepd, rj 

30 el riva bpetva Kal nerpcJdrj ■ Kal ravra 6' ov reXecog dpyd, 

ovd' d'xp'rjO'Ta, dXXa vofidg napex^-i SaipiXelg r) vXrjv, rj 

Kapnovg rivag eXelovg r) nerpaiovg. To 6e YLatKOvtov, 

eXtideg bv, evoivordrrjv d\ineXov rpecpei, rrjv devdplnv. 

27. To Kafinaviag nedlov ev6ai\ioveorarov rcJv dndv- 

35ro)v earl' nepiKeivrai & avrco yeojXocfylat re evKapnoi, 
Kal bprj rd re rcJv Savvirtiv Kal rd rd)v "Ookojv. Atd Se 



EUROPE. 97 

rrjv apzrrjv ixepi\id)(T\TOV r\v to rrediov. 'loTopslrai de 
evia tcov nedicov orreipea'&ai di' erovc, dig \iev tt} %ea, rd 
de rpirov eXvpcp, nvd de Kal Xa%aveve<r&aL tco rerdprci) 
airbpco. Kal p r qv tov olvov tov apdriorov evrevftev 
e%ovai 'Pcojialoi, tov <PdXepvov, ical rbv Srdravov Kal 5 
KdXijvov. 'tig d' avTCog eveXaibg eon, fcai ixaoa r) irepl 
to Ovevacppov bpopov rolg rredloig bv. 

28. 'TirepneiTai de tcov tottcov tovtcov bpog to Oven- 
Goviov, aypolg TrepioiKOv/ievov rrayKaXoig, ixXr\v Tr\g nopv- 
tprjg- avTT) 6' errtrredog \iev rcoXv jiepog earlv, dfcapnog 10 
6' oXtj- en de Tr\g bipecog Te(ppo)d?]g, Kal KoiXddag cpaivei 
orjpayycbdeig rreTpcov aWaXcodcov Kara ttjv %pbav, cog dv 
eK6e6po)fievG)v vnb ixvpbg- cog TeKfiaipoiT* dv Tig, to x<*)- 
plov tovto Kaieo"$ai Trpbrepov, Kal exeiv KpaTrjpag rrvpbg, 
abeod^rjvai d' emXnrovorjg Tr\g vXr\g. 15 

29. 'H KpOTCOv, tjv MvtTKeXXog eKTiae, doKel Ta re 
7roXef.ua KaXcog doKTjoai, Kal Ta nepl ttjv adXrjOiv. 'Ei> 
\iia yovv 'OXvfiTTtddi oi tcov dXXcov npoTeprjoavTeg tco 
OTadico ertTa avdpeg arravTeg vnrjp^av KpoTCOv idrai- coot' 
eiKOTCog elprjo&ai doKel, dibri KpoTCOviarcov 6 eo%aTog 20 
npGJTog tjv tcov dXXcov 'HXXtjvojv. HXeLoTovg ovv 'OXvjjl- 
moviKag eo%e, Kairrep ov noXvv %pbvov olK7]$eioa, did 
tov cptibpov tcov em 'Edypa rreabvTcov dvdpcov, nXeiOTtov 
to TrXrjdog. UpoaeXabe de t^\ Tr\g rrbXecog db^rj Kal to tcov 
liv&ayopeicov TrXrjtiog, Kal MiXcov, enicpaveoTaTog \iev tcov 25 
d-&X7)Tcov yeyovcog biiiXrjTTJg de Uv&aybpov, diarplipavTog 
ev txi TxbXei rroXvv %pbvov. $om de ev tco gvooitico iroTe 
tC)v (piXoabcpcov i:ovr\oavTog gtvXov, tov WliXcova imodvvTa 
ocooai anavTag, vTcoondoai de eavTOv. T^ de avT^i pu>\ii] 
TceTTOi'&bTa elKog eOTiv evpea-dai Kal ttjv tov ftiov Kara- 30 
GTpocprjv, Aeyerai yovv odoinopcov rroTe di' vXr\g (3a$eiag 
evpeiv 1-vXov \ieya eocp?]vcop,evov • eii6aXcov de %elpag diia 
Kal nbdag elg ttjv didoTaaiv, fiidfrodai npbg to diaaxtcrai 
TeXecog- tooovtov d' loyvoe fibvov, coot' eKrceaelv Tovg 
ocprjvag, elr' ev&vg avjjbTTeoelv Ta fieprj tov $-vXov, dno- 35 
XrjtpdevTa d y avTOV ev T^j TOiavTr\ ndyrj -^rfpodpcoTOV yev- 
itrSai. 

I 



98 GEOGRAPHY. 

30. 'Fi(pei;r)g d' early 'Axcutiv uriafia r) Svdapig, dvolv 
TTorafitiv fieragv, Kpadidog nai I,v6dpi.dog. Toaovrov 
d' evTVxla dir)veynev rj noXig avrr\ rb laXaibv, cjg Terra- 
po)v fiev e&vtiv r&v irXrjaiov eirrjp^e, irevre de nai eluoai 

5 noXeig vTrrjuoovg eo^s, rptdfcovra de \ivpidaiv avdpdv enl 
'KporGividrag earpdrevaav, irevriytovTa de aradioyv kvkXov 
avvenXrjpovv olnovvreg enl tg> Kpddcdc. 'Tub \ievrot 
rpv(f>rjg rtal v6pewg rr)v evdai\ioviav drraaav dcbrjpe-drjaav 
vixb Kporuviaribv, ev 7\\iepaig eddofjLTjKOvra' eXovreg yap 
10 rr)v ttoXiv, eTTTjyayov rbv Twrafidv, fiat narenXvaav . 

31. £ua66r]TOi elolv enl rpv<py ol Svdaplrai, ol rag 
TTOtovaag ipocpov T£%vag ovtc eioaiv emdrjiielv r^ TroXei, 
olov %aXK£G)v nai tsktovov nai rCdv dfiotcov, dno)g avrolg 
7Tavra%6$ev d$6pv6oi uaiv ol vttvoi. Ovtc e^tjv d' ovd y 

15 dXetcrpvova ev ry TtoXei rpecpeadai. 'laropel de nepl av- 
t&v Tipacog, on avr)p Lvbapirr]g, elg dypbv nore Ttopevop,- 
evog, ecj>7], Id&v rovg epydrag atcdnrovrag, avrbg pr)yp,a 
Xa6elv Trpog bv airotcpivaa-&ai rtva r&v dtcovadvrcdv, 
Avrbg de gov dirjyovfievov atcovodv nenovrjica rr)v nXevpdv. 

20 — "AXXog de 2,v6apirr}g napayevofjievog elg Aatcedaipova, 
nai tcXrj&elg elg (petdircov, eni rtiv gvXuv Karatcei^evog 
nai deinvtiv fier' avrCdv, nporepov fiev e<prj tcaraixenXrix^ai 
rrjv rtiv AaK.edaifj,ovLG)v Tcvv&avdjievog dvdpeiav, vvv de 
-fteaodfievog vo\hi^eiv \ir\dev r&v aXXuv avrovg dca^epetv * 

25 nai yap rov avavdporarov \idXXov dv kXeodai anodavelv, 
r) roiovrov (3tov ^CJvra tcaprepelv. — 32. Aotcel de ixera rrjg 
evdai\iovlag avr&v ical 6 rrjg noXeuyg ronog napo^vvat 
avrovg etcrpv<prjaaL • r) yap iroXig avrtiv ev kolXg) tceijievr), 
rov \iev $epovg, eudev re nai irpbg eaixepav ipvxog vnep- 

30 6dXXov exec, rb de iieoov rrjg rjiiepag tcavfia dvv-KOiorov * 
bOev Kal prfortvai, bri rbv {3ovX6[j,evov ev I,v6dpei fir) npb 
\ioipag dnotiaveZv, ovre dvopevov, ovre dvloxovra rbv 
fjXiov bpav del. — 33. 'E^* rrjXtKovrov d' rjoav rpv(pijg 
eXrjXafcoreg, cjg nai napd rag ev(x>x ia $ Tovg tmrovg eMaat 

35 npbg avXbv 6pxd.a^at. Tovr' ovv eldoreg ol Kporoyviarai, 
ore avrolg eTroXepovv, evedooav rb opx^joriKov p,eXog % 



EUROPE. 99 

ovu~aprjGav yap avrolg Kal avXrjral ev GrparLG)riK%j 
GKSvxf nai d\ia avXovvrov aKOvovreg ol irrrroi, ov jibvov 
kZ<s)pxi]oav~o, dXXd nai rovg dva6drag exovreg rjvrofxo- 
Xrjoav rrpbg rovg Kporcovidrag. 

34. 'H XiKeXia naoCJv rtiv vrjocov nai Kpariorrj earl, 5 
nai rrj naXaibrrjri ~£)V fivdoXoyovjievcov TrenpcjrevKev • f H 
yap vrjaog rb ixaXaibv drxb \iev rov oxrjuarog TptvaKpla 
KXrjdelaa, drrb 6e rCdV KarotKrjodvrwv avrrjv ItnavCjv 
Stnavia npoaayopevdeloa, reXsvralov drrb rdv ^LlkeXCov 
tgjv etc rrjg 'IraXlag iravdrjfiel nepaLcodevruv oivojiaorai 10 
StKeXia. "Egtl 6' avrrjg r) Trepifierpog cradiov <l)g rer- 
paKiaxtXiG)v rpcaKOGLCjv e^rjKOvra. Ol r avrrjv ovv Kar- 
oiKovvreg ^meXiCjrai -napetXrjcpaai rrapd tcjv irpoybvov, 
del rrjg <pf)firjg et; aiCjvog rcapadedofievrjg rolg eyyovoig, 
iepdv vndpxeiv rrjv vrjoov Arjjirjrpog nai Koprjg, nai ravrag 15 
rag $edg ev avrrj 7TpG)ro)g (pavrjvai, Kal rbv rov oirov 
fcapnbv r avrrjv npcJrrjv dvelvat, did rrjv dperrjv rrjg x&pag- 
— 35. Kal rrjg dpixayrjg rrjg Kara rrjv Koprjv ev ravrrj 
yevofievrjg d-node^cv elvat Xeyovai (pavepojrdrrjv, on rag 
dtarpiddg at -deal Kara ravrrjv rrjv vtjgov erroiovvro, did 20 
to arepyeoftai \idXiara nap' avralg ravrrjv. Teveo-dat 6e 
jLvdoXoyovGL rrjg Koprjg rrjv dpnayrjv ev rolg Xei\iu)Gi rolg 
Kara rrjv "Evvav. "Ecm. 6' 6 ronog ovrog ixXrjoiov \iev 
rrjg -rroXeog, toig 6e Kal rolg dXXoig avdeot navrodanolg 
evTcpenrjg Kal $eag a^tog. Aid 6e rrjv dnb rtiv <pvop,Evo)v 25 
dvdoiv evG.)diav, Xeyerai rovg Kvvrjyelv eiudorag Kvvag 
fir) dvvao$ai ori6eveiv, epmo6i^o\ievovg rrjv <f)VGLKrjv acG-drj- 
glv. "Etm 6e 6 TTpoeiprjuevog XeLfiibv, dvudev jiev dfiaXbg 
Kal navreXtig evvdpog, kvkXg) 6e vibrjXbg, Kal iravraxbtiev 
Kprjavolg dnorojiog • SoKel 6' ev jieaco Kelodat rrjg bXrjg 30 
vtjgov, 6tb Kal EiKeXcag dfiipaXbg viro nvuv bvofid^erai. 
"^X £L °*£ KaL K^Voiov aXarj Kal Xei\iQ)vag Kal irepl ravra 
eXrj, Kal GrrrjXatov evfieyedeg, e%ov xdojia Kardyeiov, npbg 
rrjv apKrov vevevKog • 6C ov fiv&oXoyovGi rbv UXovrcova, 
|ue#' apfiarog eneXdovra, rcoirjaaa^ai rrjv apnayrjv rrjg 35 
Koprjg . Merd 6e rrjv dpixayrjv [ivdoXoyovGi rrjv Hrjjirjr' 



100 GEOGRAPHY. 

pav, pr) dvvapevrjv evpelv rr)v tivyarepa, Xapixddag e« rdv 
Kara rr)v Alrvrjv Kparr/pcjv dvaipapevrjv, eneXtielv eiti 
iroXXd peprj rrjg oiKOvpevrjg- rtiv d' dv&puyiruv rovg pdX- 
LGra ravrrjv rrpoade^apevovg evepyerrjaai, rov r&v ixvpibv 
5 Kapndv dvrLdoprjoapevrjv. 

36. Td avo) rrjg Alrvrjg x<i)pia iptXd eon, Kal re&pcodrj, 
Kal x^vog pear a rov x eL ^ V0< ^' T ^ ftdro) de dpvpolg Kal 
(pvreiatg dieiXr\nrai navrodaiTalg. "Hoace de Xapbdveiv 
peradoXdg noXXdg rd dupa rov bpovg did rrrv vopr]v rov 

10 nvpdg, rore pev elg eva Kparrjpa ovptyepopevov, rore 6s 
ox^opevov, ital rore pev pvaKag dvanepirovrog, rore de 
(pXoyag Kal Xiyvvg, aXXore de Kal pvdpovg dva<pvocjvrog. 
Nv/crcop pev Kal <j>eyyrj (palverac Xapirpd eK rr)g KOpv(prjg, 
pe#' rjpepav de Kanvcp Kal dxXv'i Karex^rai. 

15 37. f H Kvpvog vr]oog, r) vtto riov 'Fupaiotv Kal rtdv 
eyxupi(*)v KopoiKa ovopd^erai, evpeyetirjg ova a, ttoXXt)v 
rrjg x^P^ opeivrjv £%£t, Tieirv Kaopevrjv dpvpolg ovvex^oi, 
Kal irorapolg diappeo\iivr\v piKpolg. Ol 6' eyx&pwi rpocp- 
alg pev xP& VTal ydXaKri Kal peXiri Kal Kpeaoi, daipiXoig 

20 ndvra ravra irapexopevrjg rr)g x^P a ^ ' r ^ °*e npdg dXXrj- 
Xovg (3lovolv eiueLKtig Kal diKaloyg, napd Txdvrag ox^ddv 
rovg dXXovg (3ap6dpovg. Td re yap Kara rrjv opetvrjv ev 
rolg devdpeoiv evpiOKopeva Kr\pia ru>v rrpibrcjv evpcoKovrcdv 
earl, prjdevdg apcbio&rjrovvrog • rd de irp66ara or/peloig 

25 dieiXrjppeva, Kav prjdelg (pvXdrrrj, oio&rat, rolg KeKrrjpev- 
ocg ' ev re ralg dXXaig ralg ev (310) oiKOvopiaig davpaortig 
rrponpcoot rd diKatoTrpayelv. fyverai de Kara rr)v vtjoov 
ravrrrv Kal irv^og nXelorrj Kal did<popog, dt' r)v Kal rd peXt 
rd yiyvopevov ev avrxj navreXiog yiyverai uiKpov. Kar- 

30 olkovoi d' avrrjv 0dp6apoi, rr\v didXeKrov exovreg efyX- 
Xaypevrjv Kal dvoicaravorjrov • rov d' api-dpdv vndpxovoiv 
vnep rovg rpiopvpiovg. 

38. r H ILeXonovvrjoog eoiKvld eon (pvXXo) nXardvov rd 
oxrjpa, corj de oxzdov ri Kara prjKog Kal Kara irXdrog. 

35 "FtXOVGi. de rrjg x s PP 0Vr )°' 0V ravrrjg rd pev eanepiov pepog 
'HXeloi Kal Meaof]vioi, KXv^opevoi rip ScKeXiKcp ixeXdyei- 



EUROPE. 101 

e^r/g 6e fierd rrjv 'HAetav earl rd tCjv 'Ax ai ^ v ^ y o?> ^P^f 
apKTOvg pXsnov, tcai rio Kopcvdiatccp koXttg) naparelvov 
teXevtcl 6e elg r?)v lucvuviav. 'Evrevdev 6e Xt.tcvdtv tcai 
Kopcvdog endtxe-ai fiEXP 1 TOv lo&pov. Merd 6e ttjv Meg- 
orjviav f) AatcuvLtcri, tcai rj 'Apyeia, p<£XP l tov lo$p,ov tcai 5 
avrrj. Meorj 6e egtIv f) 'Aptcadia, rrdatv EmtC£i[4£V7], tcai 
yeiTvicooa roig aXXoig edveoiv. 

39. TLoXXd p,ev 6i] tcai aXXa Idol Tig dv ev f EAAa& tcai 
atcovoai SavuaTog d^ta, \idXiGTa 6e rd ev 'OXvp,7ria. 
Avrrj rj i:6Xig rr\v EnupdvEiav EO%ev e% apx^jg ^ v °*i>d to 10 
fiavrelov tov 'OXvp,iriov Acog- ktcEivov d' eicXet^&evTog, 
ovdev fir tov ovve\leivev rj doga tov Upov, tcai ttjv avfyaiv, 
oorjv iGfiEv, eXa6e did te ttjv iravfjyvpiv tcai tov dytiva 
rov 'OXvfimaKdv, \LEyiarov ru>v drravrodv. 'E/cocrji^^ 6* 
eh rov nXfjdovg tgjv dva-drjiidroyv, drrsp Etc ndorjg aver id-- 15 
eto rr]g 'EXXddog, cjv fjv tcai 6 xp VU0v S o<pvp'fjXarog Zsvg, 
dvadrj/xa Kvi^eXov rov Kopcv&iuv rvpdvvov. Mey igtov 
6e tovto)v vTrrjp^E to tov Aibg %6avov, b ETroirjOE ^EtSiag, 
Xapj-iidov, 'A-drjvaiog. — 40. Kade^ETat fisv d?) 6 -&sdg ev 
-dpovG), xpvoov 7T£7TOLTj[i£vog tcai kXifyavTog. Zrecpavog 6e 20 
ETTUCELrai oi tt} fCEipaXfj, p,E\iL\Lr\\iEV og sXaiag tcXtivag. 'Rv 
fih> ttj ds$;ia <pepEL 'Nifcrjv k% E?^£(pavTog, fcai Tavrrjv xpvoov 
raiviav te Exovoav, tcai ettl t%j tc£(paXfi OT£(pavov t^j ds 
apiOTEpd tov -&E0V x&pLzv £° rL otcrjnTpov \iETaXXoig rolg 
iraOLV rjvdiGfiEvov. '0 ds bpvtg, 6 sni tgj OfcrjTTTpG) tcad- 25 
fjp,£vog, eotIv 6 aErog. Xpvoov 6e tcai rd virodrniaTa tg) 
■&E(~o teal IfiaTLov (boavTug egti. Tip ds IfxaTiG) fydid re 
tcai tgiv dv&u)v rd tcpiva egtIv EfjLnETTOLrjjiEva. f O 6e d-pov- 
og TTOticiXog \jlev XP V<J V Ka ^ Xi&oig, ixomiXog oe tcai e(3evg) 
te tcai EXicbavTi. 30 

4 1 . Ttjv /iev AatccjVLKrjV ~E,vpnTidr}g (prjoiv exelv rroXXijv 
p,EV dporov, EtcrrovELV <5' ov padiav • tcoiXi] ydp y bpEOh nspi* 
dpofiog, Tpax^id te, 6vGEio6oX6g te TroXsfiiotg ■ ti)v 6e Meg- 
Gr\viaicr\v icaXXiicapirov 6 avrog Xiyu, tcai KardppvTOV, tcai 
fiovoi tcai ixoi\ivaiGiv Ev6oTG)TaT7)v. — 'EvoELGTog 6e fj Aatc- 35 
Mitci], tcai (57) tov Tavysrov tcopvc/)dg Tivag airoppay^vai 

12 



102 GEOGRAPHY. 

riveg \ivr\\iovevovoiv . F.lol de Xaro\iiai XL-&OV ttoXvteX- 
ovg, rov \iev Tatvaplov ev Taivdpcp, naXaiai- veojorl de 
nai ev tw Tavyero) \ieraXXov dve^dv riveg ev[ieye-&eg, 
Xoprjybv exovreg rr)v rCJv '~P(*)jmilo)v noXvreXeiav. 
5 42. Aaitedaifiovioig rexvag fiav&dveiv aXXag r) rag elg 
TroXefiov, aloxpov eonv. 'JZoritivrai de ixdvreg ev Koivih- 
rovg de yepovrag aloxvvovrai ovdev r)rrov r] rrarepag- 
yv\ivdoia d' cjonep avdpdv eorlv ovro) nai napdevov. 
zevoig <T ep,6iovv ovn e^eoriv ev STrdprrj, ovre Lnaprid- 

10 raig ^evireveiv. 'Xpr/fiarl^eo^ai aloxpov Unapridrrj • vo\i- 
iofiari de xP^ >vraL otcvrivo)' edv de rrapd tivl evpedff 
Xpvoog r] apyvpog, 'davdrcp ^r\\iiovrai. Sefivvvovrai de 
ndvreg eni rCd raneivovg avrovg 7rapex SLV liaL Karr/tcoovg 
ralg dpxcilg. Maicapi^ovrai de \idXXov nap' avroig ol yev- 

15 vaiog dixo^vfjOKovreg r] ol evrvx^g ^(ovreg. Ol de iraldeg 
vofiifjicog Tcepi rov rrjg 'Opdiag (3(*)[ibv rrepiiovreg \iaoriyovv- 
rai. Aloxpov de eon, deiXcov ovonrjvov rj ovyyvjivaorrjv 
rj (piXov yeveoftai. Mdxovrai de eorecpavcjfievoi. 'Trcav- 
ioravrai f3aoiXel ndvreg, irXrjv ''Etyopuv. 'Op,vvei de irpb 

20 rrjg dpx^g o (3aoiXevg Kara rovg rrjg iroXevg vo\iovg (3ao- 
iXevoeiv. 

43. 'lepoTTperrfjg eon nag 6 Uapvaobg, e^wv dvrpa re 
nai aXXa x (ji 9 ia i Tifiijfievd re tcai dyiorevo\ieva- cov eori 
yviopifiGjrarov nai adXXiorov rb Kopvttiov dvrpov. Twv 

25 de rcXevptiv rov Hapvaoov rb p,ev eonepiov vefiovrai 
Aoicpoi re ol 'O^oXai, teal riveg r&v Aupiecjv, nai AlrcoXoc- 
rb de irpbg eo) $(*)iceig nai Aojpielg ' rb de vbriov narexov- 
oiv ol AeX(poi, Tcerp&deg x<*>piov, fiearpoeideg, Kara tcopvcpfjv 
kxov rb \iavrelov nai rr)v ttoXiv, oradlo)v eKnaidena kvk- 

30 Xov nXrjpovoav. <baoi d' elvai rb \iavrelov dvrpov nolXov, 
ov fidXa evpvoro\iov dvacpepeodai d* eg avrov Trvevfia 
evftovoiaoriKov • vnepKelo&aL de rov orofiiov rpinoda v^prj- 
Xbv, ecf)' bv rr)v TLv&lav dvabaivovoav, dexop-evrvv rb 
TTvevfia, a7TO$eoni%eiv e^fierpd re nai a\ierpa. 

35 44. f H rCdV 'A-drjvaio)v x^P 0, Ketyvnev ola ixXeiorag 
npooodovg napexeo'dat. Tag p,ev yap &pag ev&dde irpaor- 



EUROPE. 103 

drag elvai Kal avrd rd yiyvo\ieva fiaprvpel- a yovv 
noXXaxov ovde (3Xaordveiv dvvair' av, ev&dde tcapirocbop- 
el' tjonep 6e f) yr), ovroj Kal r) rxepl rr)v %&pav -ddXarra 
iraucpopajrarrj earl. Kal p,fjv boa irep ol tfeot ev ralg 
upaig dyadd Tiapexovoi,, Kal ravra irdvra evravda rcpiSiai- 5 
rara \iev apx^rac, o^ialrara 6e Xrryei. Ov \ibvov 6e 
Kparel rolg ett' eviavrbv ■frdXXovoi re Kal yrjpdoKOvoiv, 
dXXd Kal didia aya-dd exti f) x^P a - H-£<pvKe p,ev yap 
XL-frog ev avr%j acpdovog, e% ov KaXXiorot fiev vaol, KaX- 
Xlgtol 6e (3o)fiol yiyvovrai, evirpeneorara 6e $eolg dydX- 10 
fiara- noXXol 6' avrov Kal r '~EXXrjveg Kal (3dp6apoi npocde- 
ovrat. "Eon, 6e Kal yr), r) oneipo\ievrj aev ov (pepei 
Kap-nbv, 6pvooo\ievrj 6e iroXXanXaoiovg rpe&ei, rj el olrov 
etyepe' Kal afjv virapyvpog eon -&eia \ioipa. HoXXgjv 
yovv iroXeuv irapoLKOvotiv Kal Kara yr)v Kal Kara -&dXar- 15 
rav, elg ovdejitav rovroyv ovde p,iKpd <j)Xeip dpyvpiridog 
6ir\Kei. 

45. 'Ev rrj ixapaXla rr)g 'ArrLKTjg eorlv r) 'EXevolg 
noXcg, ev rj rd rr)g Afjfirjrpog lepbv rr)g 'EXevoiviag- Kal 
6 fivartKog orjKog, ov KareoKevaoev 'iKrlvog, og Kal rbv 20 
Hap$ev£jva e-noirjoe rbv ev aKponoXet rrj 'A$rjva, Hept- 
KXeovg emorarovvrog ru>v epyojv. 'Ev 6e rolg dfjfjLOig 
Karapi$\ielrai r) iroXig. — 46. A6(pog 6' earlv r) Movvv%m 
XeppovrjGL^GJv. To fiev ovv TxaXaibv ererelxcoro Kal ovvu- 
Kioro r) Movvvxia, upooeiXrjfyvla red nepidoXcd rbv lietpaid 25 
Kal rovg Xtaevag nXrjpeig veopicjv ■ d^iov re r]v vav- 
cradjiov rerpanoolacg vavoiv. Ta> 6e reix^-i rovro) ovv- 
rjixrai rd Ka$eiXKvo\ieva eK rov aoreog OKeXrj' ravra 
6' rjv uaKpd reixrj, rerrapaKovra oradlcov rb p>rjKog, 
ovvdnrovra rb darv tw TLeipaiel. Ol 6e noXXol ixbXe\ioi 30 
rb relxog Karrjpeiipav, Kal rb rr)g Movvvx^ag epvp,a, rov 
re Jleipatd avvearetXav elg bXiyrjv KaroiKiav. 

47. HoXeig elalv ev rrj Kpfjrrj vfjoG) irXeiovg [iev, \iey- 
tarai 6e Kal erxKbaveorarai rpelg, Kvoaobg, Toprvva, 
Kvdojvca. Acacpepovrcjg 6e rr)v Kvocobv Kal "Ojitjpog 35 
vfivel, fieydXrjv KaX&v, Kal (3aocXeLov rov Mlvg), Kal ol 



104 GEOGRAPHY. 

vorepov. Kal drj Kal SleteXeoe \i&XP l noXXov (pepo^ev?] 
rd TrpcoTd' slra ETanEivGyftr], real noXXd Ttdv vo\ii\ig)v 
a<br]pe$7]. "TGTepov 6s aveXabe ixaXiv to naXatov &xW a 
to T7jg fiTjTpoTToXeog. 'loTopeiTai 6s 6 Mivoig vofj,o-&£T7]g 
5 yevEcr&ai, cmovdalog, ■daXaTTOttpaTTJaai te irp&Tog. Upoa- 
etcoleIto 6e Mlvojg rrapd tov Aidg avTOV p,E\iafor)K,Evai Tovg 
vojiovg, 6l' svvsa ETGJv slg ti bpog <poiTG>v, ev 0) Atog 
avTpov sXsysTO, komeI^ev asi Ttvag vo\iovg tyspuv Tolg 
KprjoL "Ofirjpog ai>Tdv Atog \isydXov 6apiOTr\v XsysL. Ol 
10 dpxaZoi 6s TTspl avTOV ndXcv dXXovg slprjKaoL Xoyovg vrr- 
EvavTlovg TovTOtg' cog TVpawiKog te jevoito, Kal fiiaiog, 
Kal SaofioXoyog • TpaycodovvTsg Td rcspl tov MtvuTavpov, 
Kal tov Aa6vpLV&ov, Kal Td Orjosl avfi6dvTa Kal AaidaXo). 

II. ASIA. 

1. T^ 6' ~EvpG)Trrj avvsxf\g eotlv tj 'Kola KaTa tov Tdv- 
15 a'iv ovvaTTTOVoa ai>TXf nspl TavT7\g ovv s<\>s%r\g pr]T£OV, 

SiEXovTag fyvoiKolg tlolv bpoig tov oacpovg x^P lv - — O 
Tavpog usotjv nog 6le£g)ke TavTr\v tt)v rjnsLpov, and T7\g 
kanspiag snl tt\v eg) TETafiEVog, to \jlev avTT\g diToXELncov 
irpbg Boppdv, to 6s, \isar\\ibpLv6v KaXovot 6' avTGjv ol 
20 "EXXrjvsg, to [isv, svTog tov Tavpov, to 6s, EKTog. — Ol 6s 
TTOTafiol, oaoi KaTa ttjv 'Aolav Xoyov d%ioi, sk tov Tavpov 
te Kal tov KavKaaov dvlaxovTsg, ol p,sv cjg sn* dpKTOV 

TETpa\L\lEVOV EXOVGl TO v6o)p, OL 6s G)g ETTI VOTOV CLVEflOV, 6 

~Ev(()pdT7]g te Kal 6 Tlyprjg, Kal 6 'Ivdog te Kal 6 'TddoTTTjg, 
25 Kal 'AKEOLV7]g, Kal "TdpaojTTjg, Kal "Y<paoig, Kal boot ev 
fisoGj tovtgjv te Kal tov Tdyyov noTa\iov slg ftdXaooav 
EG6dXXovGLV, rj sg Tsvdy?] avax^ousvoL dcpavl^ovTaL, Ka$- 
dnsp 6 ~Ei>(f)pdT7]g 7TOTap,bg d(f>avi£sTai. 

2. r O KavKaoog bpog eotIv vnspKsi\isvov tov nsXdyovg 
30 EKaTEpov, tov te IlovTLKov Kal tov Kaontov, dLaTEix'i&v 

tov lodfiov, tov SiEipyovTa avTa. 'Evdsvdpov 6' eotIv 
vX'q navTodanxi, Ty te aXXirf Kal t^ vavnr\yi}oi\Ux>. — Td 
aKpa tov KavKaaov KaTEX 0VOLV 0i ^oavsg, KpaTLOTOt 
bvTEg KaT' dXK7]v Kal dvvapLV. Hapd TOVTOig ds XsysTat 



ASIA. 105 

ftpvobv Karatiepeiv rovg x ei l l ^ b P'P 0V ^' virodex^odai de av- 
rbv rovg (3ap6dpovg cpdrvaig Kararerprj/ievatg, Kai fiaX- 
Xcoralg dopalg' dcf)' ov di) fiefivdevodat nai rb %pvo6p,aX- 
Xov depog. 

3. Td fiev ovv aXXa etivrj, rd ttXtjolov nepi rbv Kav- 5 
tcaoov, Xvixpd Kai (iiKpox^pa • rb de rdv 'AX6avcJv tdvog, 
nai rb rcjv '16rjpG)v, a drj nXrjpoi fidXiora rbv Xex&evra 
lodfibv, evdaifiova %o)pav 1%ei Kai ocpodpa KaXtig olnelo-Qat 
dvva\ievr\v. — Kai drj nai r\ye 'Idrjpia oinelrai KaX&g rb 
ttXeov TToXeol re Kai enoueioig, G)ore Kai Kepafiurdg elvai 10 
areyag, nai dpxLrenrovucrjv rr)v rtiv oIktjoegjv KaraoKevrjV, 
nai dyopdg Kai raXXa Koivd. Trjg de %&pag rd p,ev kvkXu 
rolg KavKaoioig bpeoi irepiex eTat ■ ev p,eo(o de eon rcediov 
Trorafioig dtdppvrov, b oi yeopyiKGjrarot ru)V 'I6f]p(*)v 
oIkovolv, ' Ap\ieviori re Kai Mrjdiori eoKevao\ievoi. Ttjv 15 
6e bpeivr)v oi irXeiovg, Kai \La%i\LOi Karexovat, ^Lkv&cov 
6lk7]v ^iovreg, Kai Zapfiartiv, cjvnep Kai op,opoc Kai ovy- 
yevelg eiaiv. — 4. 'AXbavoi de rrotp-evLKCjrepoi,, Kai rov 
vo\iadiKov yevovg eyyvrepoi, nXrjv ovk dyptof ravrrj de 
Kai TToXeiiiKoi fierpiug. Qlkovol de fiera^v r&v 'I6f]po)v, 20 
Kai rr)g Kao-rriag #aXdrrr]g, x^P av vefidfievoi dpiorrjv Kai 
nav <f>vrbv eK^epovaav civev eTTLjieXelag. 'Evepvrj d' eori 
Kai rd $ooK7\\iara, nap' avrolg, rd re r\\iepa Kai rd dypia. 
Kai oi dv&puTTOL KaXXei Kai p,eye$ei dta<pepovreg, anXol 
de Kai ov KanrjXtKoi ■ ovde yap vo\iia\ian rd iroXXd XP^ V " 25 
rat, ovde dpc&fibv loaoi fiei^cj twv eKarbv, dXXd tyoprioig 
rag dp,oi6dg notovvrat' Kai irpbg raXXa de rd rov fiiov 
pa-&v[iG)£ exovotv. "Anetpoi d' eioi Kai p,erpG)v rdv en' 
aKpi6eg, Kai oradficjv, Kai ttoXsjiov re Kai noXtreiag Kai 
yeupytag aTrpovorjroyg exovotv. 30 

5. 'H 'Apadia Kelrai \iev fiera^v Svpcag Kai rr\g Alyvn- 
rov, iToXXolg de Kai rravrodanoig e-ftveoi dieiXTyrtrai. Td 
fiev ovv Trpbg rr\v ew \iepr\ KaroiKOvoiv 'Apa6eg, ovg bvo\i~ 
d^ovat ~Na6araiovg, ve\ib\ievoi x ( * ) P av r l v psv eprjfiov, 
rr\v de dvvdpov, bXiyr\v de Kapiro<p6pov . "Exovci de (3iov 35 
XzjorptKOV, Kai ttoXXtjv rrjg dfiopov X^P a ^ aararpexovreg 



106 GEOGRAPHY. 

Xrjurevovoiv, ovreg dvofiaxot, Kara rovg noXefiovg. Kara 
yap rr]v avvdpov %<^pav Xeyo\ievrrv KareoKevaKoreg evuaipa 
<f>peara, Kai ravra TreTroirjKoreg rolg dXXoig edveotv ayvcd- 
ora, ovfj,(j>£vyovoLV elg rr)v %upav ravrrjv aKivdvviog. 
5 Avroi fiev yap eldoreg ra KaraKeKpv\i\ieva rdv vddrcjv, 
tcai ravr' dvolyovreg, %p<~j)vrai daxpiXeot noroig- ol de 
rovrovg emdcwKOvreg dXXoedvelg, onavi^ovreg rrjg vSpetag 
did rrjv dyvoiav rcov cppedrov, ol jiev d'noXXvvrai did 
rrjv ondviv rojv vddrov, ol de, iroXXa KaKonadrjoavreg, 
10 \ibXig elg rrjv olrcetav ou^ovrai. Aid-rep ol ravrrjv rrjv 
X&pav KaroiKovvreg "Apadeg, ovreg dvoKaraTroXep,rjroL, 
diareXovoiv ddovXcorot. 

6. 'H d' exofievrj rrjg avvdpov nai eprjfiov %&pag 'Apadia 
rooovro diafyepei ravrrjg, wore, did rb TcXrj$og rcov kv 

15 avry (pvo^evov Kapnojv re nai rojv aXXcjv dya&GJv, evdai- 
\iova 'Apatiav npooayopev&rjvaL. KdXap,ov \iev yap Kai 
o%qivqv nai rrjv dXXrjv vXrjv rrjv dpo)p,arc^ovoav -noXXijv 
(f)epei, nai icadoXov ixavrodairdg tyvXXov evo)dtag- Kai rdv 
dnoara^ovrcdv daKpvcjv oojialg rxoiKiXaig dieiXriixrai. Trjv 

20 t £ yap ojivpvav, Kai rbv npoofaXeorarov rolg fieolg, elg 
re rrjv olKovjievrjv traoav dtaTxb\ir:t\iov Xi6avG)rbv al rav- 
rrjg eoxariai (pepovotv. 'Ei> de rolg bpeoLV ov \ibvov 
-eXdrrj Kai nevKrj cf)verai daipiXrjg, dXXd. Kai Kedpog Kai 
apKevftog anXarog, Kai rb KaXovjievov j36parov. UoXXai 

25 de Kai dXXai (f)voetg evudecg Kapno(popovoac rag dnoppoiag 
Kai Trpoonvevoeig e'xovot rolg eyyioaoi rrpoorjveordrag. 

7. MeraXXeveraL de Kai Kara rrjv 'Apadiav Kai 6 Trpoaay- 
opevo\ievog arrvpog %pvobg, ov% Cyarrep rcapd rolg dXXoig i/c 
iprjyjidrcov Kadeipbfievog, dXX ev$vg bpvrrojievog evpioK- 

30 erai, rb fieyedog Kapvotg KaoravatKolg TcapaTrXrjGtog, rrjv 
de xpbav ovrug <pXoyo)drjg, coore rovg evrijiordrovg X't&ovg 
vnb rCdv rexvircov evde&evrag rxoielv rd KaXXiora rojv 
KOGfirj^drov. Opefifidr^v de irav-odarrCdV rooovro /car' 
avrr)v imdpxet. TrXrj&og, L)ore e&vr) noXXd, vojidda (3lov 

35 fiprjfieva, Svvao&at KaXQyg diarpefyeoftai, oirov p,ev fir) 
irpoodedfieva, r^ 6' dnb rovrcov daxptXela x°P r IY ov H' £Va '- 



ASIA. 107 

8. T'd Sit npbg dvcftdg fieprj tceicXifxeva rr)g 'Apabiag 
diEiXr\nrat nE$ioig dfjifiudeai^ 61' &v ol rag bSotnopiag 
noiovfievot, Kaddnep ol kv rolg nsXdyEOi, npbg rag and 
rCdv dorepcjv OTjfiaotag rr\v dte^odov noiovvrai. To d' 
vnoXEinbfievov fiepog rrjg 'Apa6lag, rb npbg rr)v Ivpcav 5 
tceicXifievov, nXrj&VEi yeupytiv Kal navrodantiv kfinbpcjv. 
— 'H 6e napd rbv (btceavov 'Apabia nelrai fiev vnspdvoj 
rr)g evdatfiovog, nora\iolg 6e noXXolg real \iEydXoig dLELXr/fj,- 
fisvrj noXXovg ttoieZ rbnovg Xifivd^ovrag. Tolg 6s ek rtiv 
noraficov knaKrolg vdaoi Kal rolg ek, rtiv dEptvuv 6fi6pG)v 10 
ytyvofiEVOtg dpSsvovreg noXXrjv x&pav, tcai dtnXovg Kap- 
novg Xa\ibdvovoi. Tpsfoi 6e 6 rbnog ovrog kXscpdvrojv 
dysXag, Kal dXXa ^Cda fcrjriodr) - npbg 6e rovroig d^pefijidrov 
navrodanCyv nXrjdvEi, Kal fidXtara (3otiv Kal npo6dro>v, 
rdv rag fisydXag Kal na%£iag ovpdg, kxbvruv. JlXslora 15 
6e Kal 6ia(popG)rara yivr\ KajirjXov rps(f)EL, G)v at [iev ydXa 
napExbfiEvat Kal KpEocpayovfievac, noXX?)v napixovrat rolg 
kyx^pioig daipiXsiav al 6s npbg vo)ro(poplav r]OKr\\LEvai 
nvpCtv fiiv dvd dEKa fisStfivovg vurotyopovoiv, av&p&novg 
6e KaraKEi\iEvovg knl KXivr\g nsvre (3aord£ovot,v • al 6' 20 
dvaKOiXoi Kal Xayapal ralg ovordoEOi 6po[id6sg elal, teal 
StarEiVOVGi nXslorov bdov prjKog, xPl GL ! J ' ac pdXiora npbg 
rag did rijg dvvdpov Kal kprjjiov avvrEXovpLsvag bSotnopiag. 
Al d' avral Kal Kara rovg noXSjiovg eig rag [idxag exov- 
oat, ro^brag dyovrai dvo, dvriKa$r\\iEVovg dXXf]Xotg avri- 25 
vcjrovg. Tovruv 6e b fisv rovg Kara npbounov dnavrtiv- 
rag, b 6s rovg kmdtuKOvrag d\ivvErai. 

9. Twv norafitiv, rov re 'Evuppdrov Kal rov Tiypqrog, 
ol rrjv \iEcr\v ofy&v J,vpiav dnEipyovaiv (o-dsv Kal rb 
bvo\ia MEOonorajiia npbg rdv kmx^pl^v KXr]i^erat), b fikv 30 
Tlyprjg noXv rt ransivorspog pscjv rov ~Ev(ppdrov, diu). 
pvxdg re noXXag £k rov Evcppdrov koSsxerai, Kal noX- 
Xovg dXXovg norapovg napaXa6(bv, Kal k% avrojv avt-rj-frslg, 
kotdXXEi kg rbv novrov rbv TlEpoiKov, fiiyag rs Kal 
ovdajiov diabarbg eg re knl rrjv ek6oXtjv, Ka#6ri ov Karav- 35 
aXiaKerat avrov ovdsv kg rrjv x ( ^P av - 'P °^ Rv(ppdrr/g 



108 GEOGRAPHY. 

fASTSopog re pel Kai looxeiXrjg navraxov r^j jy, Kai diojpv%- 
eg re noXXai an' avrov nenoirjvrai, at \iev devvaoL, acj)' 
(hv vdpevovrai ol nap' endrepa <l)iaop,evoL • rag de tcai npbg 
naipbv noiovvrai, bnore afyioiv vdarog evdetig exoi, eg rb 
5 endpdeiv rrjv x&pav (ov yap verai ro noXv r\ yr\ avrr\ e£ 
ovpavov), Kai ovrwg eg ov noXv vdcop 6 ~E,v(ppdr7)g reXev- 
riov, Kai revayCddeg rovro, ovrwg dnonaverai. 

10. f H x^P a T ^ v 'Ivdtiv norafjiovg exei noXXovg Kai p,ey- 
dXovg nXiorovg, ol rag nrjydg k'xovreg ev rolg opeat, rolg 

10 npbg rag apKrovg KeKXi\ievotg, (pepovrai did rr\g nedtddog' 
G)V ovk bXiyoi Gv\i\ilayovreg dXXrjXoLg, efi6dXXovoiv elg 
nora\ibv rbv bvo\iaZ,b\ievov Tdyyrjv. Ovrog 6s, rb nXdrog 
yevo/ievog aradccjv rpidnovra, (peperac p,ev dnb rr\g dpurov 
npbg p,eo-7)fjL6piav, e^epevyerai de elg rbv 'QKeavbv. r O de 

15 napanXrjOiog rw Tdyyq nora^bg, npooayopevbfievog de 'Iv- 
dbg, dpxerai fiev bfiotug dnb rQ>v apttruv, ep,6dXXG)v de 
elg rbv 'tiiteavbv, d<popi^ec rr\v 'IvdiKrjv • noXXr\v de dcefe 
cjv nedidda x ( ^>P av i dexerai ^ora\iovg ovk, bXiyovg nXcj- 
rovg, emcpaveordrovg de "Tnaviv tcai "Yddonrjv Kai 'Arceo- 

20 Ivov. Xoypig de rovrov, dXXo nXrjtiog nora\idv navro- 
dancov diappel, Kai novel Kardppvrov noXXolg K7\nev\iaai 
Kai Kapnolg navrodanolg r?)v x&P av - 

1 1 . 'Ek de rr\g dvativfitdoeoyg rdv rooovrcov norafioyv, 
Kai eK rdv 'Errjaiov, (3pex £TaL T0L S fepivolg bp,6pot,g 7] 'Iv- 

25 6lkt], Kai Xi\ivd^ei rd nedia. 'Ev fiev ovv rovroig rolg 
b\ibpoig Xivov oneiperai Kai Keyxpog ' npbg rovroig or\oa- 
fiov, bpv^a, (36G[iopov rolg x El \ LE P lV0 ~ l< Z °*& Kaipoig nvpoi, 
Kpitiai, bonpia Kai dXXoi Kapnoi edudtfioi, g)v 7]\ielg dneip- 
oi. — 12. "E(7T£ devdpa ev rrj 'IvdiKy, d)V rolg KXddoig epia 

30 vnav&el, e% d)v oivdoveg ixpaivovrai. "Eerrt 6e Kai aXXa 
nva devdpa nap' avrolg, G)v rd <pvXXa ovk eXdrro donidog 
ear Iv •■ dXXa 6e eni deKa rj d&deKa nrjxeig KXddovg av^rj- 
aavra, elra rrjv Xoinr\v avi-rjocv Karoxfrepr] Xafi6dvovaiv, 
eoyg dv d^ovrat rrjg yr\g' elra ndXtv pifadevra av'&tg 

35 av^dvovrat npbg rb avo) • ei; ov ndXiv dfioloyg r^ av^rjaei 
KaraKan^evra, dXXrjv Karupvya notovaiv, elr' dXXrjv, 



ASIA. 109 

nal ovrug etyet-ijg, coot' d(f>' evbg devdpov aKiddiov yeveadac 
ftanpov, TToXvoTvXix) OKTjvq ofioiov. "EoTt de Kal devdpa y 
&v rd areXexi n-oZ nevre avfypCmoig earl dvaneplXrjnra. 

13. 'H Kapfiavta TrajMpopog earl Kal fieyaXodevdpog, Kal 
norafiolg Kardppvrog. Trjv de Tedpcjaiav attapfTia Karex eL & 
noXXaKig • dw (pvXdrrovai rbv eviavatov Kaprcbv elg errj 
nXeiu. Merd de ri)v Kapfiavcav r) liepaig eart, ttoXXt) 
fiev ev rtj napaXca rov an'- avrr)g ovofia^ofievov koXttov 
noXXti de (X£L^G)v ev rr\ fieaoyaia. TpircXr) d' earl Kal 
ry (bvaet, Kal rrj rCjv depo)v Kpdaei ■ r\ fiev yap rrapaXla 10 
Kavfiarrfpd re Kal dve\iti>dr\g, Kal anaviarr) tcapnov earl 
nXrjv (f)OLvifco)v. f H d' vnep ravrr\g earl nafKpopog nal 
nedcvrj, Kal ■SpefLfidruv dpiarr\ rpocpbg, norafiolg re nal 
Xifivaig nXrjdvei. Tptrrj d' earlv r) npbg (3oppdv xeifiepiog 
Kal opeivr). 15 

14. 'H TlepaenoXtg, firjrponoXig ovaa rr)g ILepativ fiaaiX- 
eiag, nXovaicdrdrrj r)v rtiv vnb rov tjXlov. Ovk dvoitteiov 
d' elvac voiii^ofiev, nepl rcjv ev ravrr/ ryj noXei (3aai,XeL(i)v, 
did rfjv noXvreXetav rr\g fcaraatcevijg, (3paxea dieXdelv. 
Ovarjg yap a/cpag d%ioX6yov, nepielXrjcpev avrr]v rpinXovv 20 
rei%og, ov rb fiev npojrov vipog elxe nrfx&v eKKaideKa 
endXt-eai KeKoa\ir\fievov ro de devrepov rrjv fiev dXXrjv 
Karaatcevrjv bfioiav exei rib npoeiprjfievG), rd d' vipog di- 
nXdaiov. f O de rpirog nepldoXog tw ax^fiari fiev eari 
rerpdnXevpog, rb de rovrov relxog vipog exei nr\x& v ei-r)- 25 
Kovra, Xi$(x> aK,Xr\p£d nal npbg dtafiovrjv aloviav ev ne- 
(pVKort Kareanevaafievov. 'Radar?] de ribv nXevpdv exei 
nvXag xaXrcag. 'Ev de rib npbg dvaroXdg fiepei rrjg dttpag 
rerrapa irXe-dpa dtearrfKog bpog earl, rb naXovfievov (3aa- 
iXitcbv, ev u) rdv (3aaiXecjv vtttjpxov ol rdfyoi. Herpa^fy 
yap tjv aare^afifievif] Kal Kara \ieaov oiKovg e\ovaa irXei- 
ovag, ev olg arjKol rtiv rereXevrrjKorcjv vnrjpxov • irpoa- 
6aacv fiev ovdefiiav exovreg, vn' opydvcjv de rcvov x ei P ' 
7Toir]rG)v, e^aipofievcjv rcjv veKptiv dexbfievot rag racpdg. 
Kara de rr\v aapav ravrr\v 7\aav KaraXvaeig /3aatXiKal 35 
nXetovg, Kal tirjaavpol npbg rrjv rcjv xPW < *' rG)V ^^9^ v - 

K 



110 GEOGRAPHY. 

Xafcrjv evderojg KareGKevaG\ievoi. Tavra rd fiaaiXeia, 6 
'AXegavdpog evenprjGe, np,o)pu)V rolg "EXXtjgcv, on ko- 
kelvojv lepd nal nbXeig ol Uepaat nvpl nal Gcdrjpo) dienop- 
■&f]Gav. 
5 15. 0/ Hepoai dydXfiara nal (3o)jj,ovg ov% Idpvovrai- 
Tiiitioi de tjXlov, nal GeXrjvrjv, nal nvp, /cat yijv, nal dve- 
povg, not vdojp. EZ de rig elg nvp (pvGrjGeiev, t) vettpbv 
em-deir), rj ovdov, Savarovrat nap' avrolg- pmi^ovreg de 
ei-dnrovai rr\v <j)X6ya. — 16. 0/ rtiv Uepa&v naldeg elg rd 

10 dtdaGnaXela (fioirtivreg, didyovGi fiavftdvovreg dinaioGvv- 
7jv, nal XeyovGtv, on enl rovro epxovrai, CiGnep nap' 
rjfjblv ol rd ypd\i\iara fia{h]G6fievot. Ol de apxovreg avrCyv 
dtareXovGi rb ttXslotov fiepog rfjg i\\iepag dind^ovreg av. 
rolg. Tlyverat yap dfj nal natal npbg dXXr}Xovg, &Gnep 

15 dvdpdocv, eynXrj^ara nal nXonrjg, teal dpnayr/g, nal (Slag, 
nal dndrrjg, nal nanoXoyiag, nal aXXcav, olg)v dfj elnog. 
Ovg d' av yv&Gi tovtcjv n ddinovvrag, rifMopovvrai. 
HLoXd^ovoi, de teal ovg av ddinoig eynaXovvrag evpiGKCJGi, 
Aircd^ovGL de nal eytcXf)f.iarog, ov evena avftpcdnoi \ligovgl 

%OfJt>£V dXXrjXovg p,dXiGra, dind^ovrai de r\niGra, d%apiGriag, 
nal bv av yvcjGi dvvdfievov p,ev x®P lv dnodidovai, p,fj dno- 
dedovra de, noXd^ovGi nal rovrov iGxvp&g. Olovrai yap, 
rovg dxapi-GTOvg nal nepl tieovg av \LaXiGra d\ieXC)g e%«v, 
nal nepl yoveag, nal narptda, fcal (piXovg. 

25 17. AidaGitovGi de avrovg nal GGJ^poGvvrjv, nal netdeG-d- 
ai rolg dpxovGi, nal eynparelg elvai yaGrpbg /cat norov. 
Meya de elg rovro GVfi6dXXerat,, on ov napd firjrpl Girovv- 
rat ol naldeg, dXXd napd t<£> didaGndXu, brav ol dpxovreg 
G7jixr)VG)GL. Qepovrat de olnoSev, Gtrov fiev, dprovg, oipov 

30 de, ndpda\iov melv d', r\v ng dupy, nd)#G)va, cjg and rov 
nora\iov apvaaaftai. Ilpbg de rovroig \iav§dvovGi roi;- 
evecv nal dnovrl^eiv. MexP 1 ^ v ^V ^ V eirratcacdetca 
erdv dnb yeveag ol naldeg ravra npdrrovGiv • ex. rovrov 
de elg rovg e(f)7}6ovg e^epxovrai. 



AFRICA. Ill 



III. AFRICA. 



1. '0 NslXog, bg Alyvnrog to naXaibv EKaXslTO, and 
tgjv AldiomKG~)v TEpuovGiv pel En' ev&etag npbg apKrovg, 
ecjg tov KaXovusvov x^plov AeAra, elra ox^bfisvog rpt- 
yo)vov o%7]\ia dnoTEXsl. HoXXd 6e ar6/j,ara rov NetAov, 
G)v rd eoxcLTa, to \iev ev de%ia HrjXovoiaKov, to de ev 5 
dpiGTEpa KavG)6iKov KaXelrdL Kal 'HpafcXeiOTifcdv p,eTa%v 
de tovtcjv aXXac nevre eioiv enboXai, al ye a^toXoyoi, 
Xenrbrepai de nXeiovg. — 2. MeyiGTog d' g>v tgjv andvTG)V 
noTafiojv Kal nXELorrjv yr)v dis^iibv^ Kafinag noiE~iTai \ieya- 
Xag, noTe p,ev enl ttjv dvaToXrjv Kal ttjv 'Apabiav em- 10 
GTpecf)G)v, iroTe d' enl ttjv dvaiv Kal tt)v Ai6vt)v skkXlvwv. 
QspeTat yap and tgjv AldtoniKtiv bptiv \ie%pi Tr\g elg ■&&- 
Xarrav £K6oXr)g OTadta udXiOTa nog uvpia Kal dcoxiXia, 
gvv alg notelrai Kaunalg. Kara de Tovg vnoKaTG) Tonovg 
ovareXXeTat Tolg byKocg, del udXXov dnoancoaevov tov 15 
pevfiarog en' dficporepag rag f)netpovg. Tu>v 6' dnoax^op,- 
evcov uep&v, to fiev elg ttjv Al6vtjv ekkXlvov vn' duuov 
KaTantveTai, to fid-dog exovorjg dniOTOv to d' elg tt)v 
'Apaflav evavTiOjg eIoxsouevov, elg TeXuara nap,ueye&r] 
Kal Xiuvag eKTpeneTai [leydXag Kal nepioiKOv\ievag yeveot 20 
noXXolg. 

3. 'Ev Talg avabdoeai tov NetAov, naoa r) x^P a KaXvn~ 
Terac, Kal neXayi^et, nXrjv tgjv ohcrjaeodv avrai d' enl 
X6(j)(x)v ai>TO(f)VGJv r) x G)a< ^ TG)V IdpvvTat, noXeig re at-ioXoyoi 
Kal Ko~)aat, vrjai^ovaat Kara tt)v noppojftev bipiv. UXeiovg 25 
d* rj TETTapaKOVTa rjuepag tov ftepovg 8ia\ielvav to vduip, 
enetd' vnbbaovv Xa\ihdvei Kar' oXlyov, Katidnep Kal ttjv 
av^rjOLV £0^ev ev ei-iJKovTa de rjuepatg TeXeog yv/ivovTac 
to nedcov. HXrjpovTai de 6 ~NeZXog vnb tgjv bu6pG)v tg)v 
deptvojv, T7\g Al$ionr]g Tr)g dvG) KXv^oaevqg Kal \idXio~Ta 30 
ev Tolg eaxaToig bpeai • navGafievoiv de tCjv bfidpodv nave- 
Tai /car' bXiyov Kal rj nXr\a\ivpig. 

4. Qaolv ol AlyvnTioi, Kara ttjv e$ apxrjg tgjv oXgjv 
yeveoiv npG)Tovg dvdpwnovg ysvscdai Kara ttjv AlyvnTOV, 



112 GEOGRAPHY. 

Sid re rr)v EVKpaoiav rr\g %&pag, Kal did rr\v cpvoiv rov 
NelXov. Tovrov yap noXvyovov bvra, Kal rag rpocpdg 
avrocpvEig Trape%6{ievov, padiog £KTps<peiv rd Zwoyovrj-dsv- 
ra. Trig 6' et- dp^rjg nap' avrolg ^ooyoviag T£K\ir\piov 
5 neLpCJvrai (pepeiv, rb Kal vvv ere rrjv kv r^ Qrj6aidL %&pav 
Kara rivag Kaipovg rooovrovg Kal rrjXiKOvrovg fivg ysvvav, 
uare rovg Idbvrag rd yevdfievov eKnXf)rreodai. 'l&viovg 
yap avrcjv eog fiev rov orfj'&ovg Kal ratv k\iv;pooMuv 
TTodtiv dtarErvntiodai, Kal Kivr\oiv Xajj,6dvecv, rd 6e Xolttov 
10 rov GGifiarog exelv ddtarvneorov, \iEvovar\g 'in Kara (pvoiv 
rr)g (3g>Xov. 

5. TerrapaKOvra and rr)g Mefi^tdog oradiovg npoeX- 
"&OVTI, bpeivr) rig beppvg konv, k<p' $ rroXXal fikv irvpafiideg 
elal, rd(j)OL rcJv fiaoiXiuv • rpelg 6' d^ibXoyoi ■ rag 6e 6vo 

l5rovro)v Kal kv rolg kirrd dedpaoi Karapi§\iovvrai. — 'Ev 
'Apoivorj ttoXei, r) nporepov KpoKodeiXov nbXig eKaXelro, 
XEiporjdrjg iepbg KpoKodeiXog erpi(pero. 'F>v 6e 'HpaKXeovg 
ttoXel b l%v£Vfj,G)v TLfidrat, k%Qpbg g>v icpoKofieiXoLg Kal 
donioLV. 'Ev tw KvvottoXlttj voftu) Kal rr/ KvvCdv nbXet 

20 b "Kvovbtg Tifiarai, Kal rolg kvgI ri\ir) Kal oirioig riraK- 
rai rug lepd. Ttvd fiev yap rtiv ^cjcjv diravreg kolvtj 
ri\xdoiv Alyvnnoi, Kaddnep j3ovv, Kvva, alXovpov, lepaKa, 
Kal I6tv • dXXa 6' eotlv a tljigjoi Ka&' eavrovg EKaoroi. 

6. Tag Orj(3ag "Ofiripog EKarofirrvXovg KaXsl, Kal rrXelora 
25 ekeI Krf]\iara K£lc$ai Xsyet. Kal vvv dEtKwrat tx vr l r °v 

fiEyedovg avrr)g krcl bydorjKovra oradiovg rb fxr/Kog- sort 
6' Ispd ttXelg). Kal rovrcjv 6s rd TroXXd rjKpcorripiaos 
KafjLfSvGrjg • vvvl 6s KG)/irjdbv ovvoiKElrai. 'Ev rij irEpaia 
tori rb Msfivoviov. 'Evravda 6e dvolv koXooogjv bvrcjv 

30 jutovoXi'&o)v, aXXf]X(x>v nXr/Giov, b [lev oo)^£raL, rov 6e kripov 
rd avo) ftEpr), rd dnb rr)g Kadkdpag, ttetvtuke CEiOfiov 
yEvrjMvrog, &g <baoi. TlsTTLorEvrai 6' on anal; Ka-&' 
TjfiEpav EKaorrjV ^bepog, <l)g dv TcXfjyrjg ov fiEydXrjg, drcorEX- 
elrai d-nb rov fisvovrog ev tw ftpovu Kal ry j3do£i fispovg. 

35 'Tirsp 6e rov Me/ivoviov $r)Kai f3aatX£G)v ev onrjXaLoig 
XarofjiTjral rrspl TErrapaKOvra, day^aorug KarEOKEvaa- 
fjLSvai, dsag agiai. 



AFRICA. 113 

7. ILepi rag EO%aTtaq rr\g Alyvrrrov Kal rrjg b\iopovar\g 
'Apa(3iag re Kal Aldiorriag, ronog eorlv e^v \ieraXXa 
iroXXd real \ieydXa xpvoov, ovvayofievov ttoXXxj Katconatieig, 
re teal darrdvrj. Trjg yap yfjg fieXaivrjg ovarjg r§ (pvoei, 
Kal diafyvdg Kal (pXefiag exovorjg p,app,dpov, rirj XevKorrjrt 5 
diatyepovoag, Kal irdaag rag ixepiXa\nxo\ievag cpvoeig imep- 
(3aXXovaag rxj Xap,np6rr)ri, oi irpoaedpevovreg rolg \ieraX- 
XiKolg epyoig rib TtXr)"&ei rdv epya&fievov naraoKevd^ovoi 
rbv %pvoov. Oi yap (3aoiXelg rrjg Alyimrov rovg enl KaK~ 
ovpyca KaradiKaoftevrag, Kal rovg Kara TxoXe\iov alx[ia- 10 
Xuirioftevrag, en de rovg ddiKOig diaboXalg Trepiirecovrag, 
Kal did ■dvfidv elg (pvXaKag Trapadedopevovg, ixore fiev av- 
rovg, rcore de Kal fierd ndorjg ovyyeveiag dftpoioavreg, rrapa- 
didoaai irpbg rr\v rov %pvoov fieraXXeiav. Oi de rrapa- 
dodevreg, noXXol \iev rb nXrj'&og ovreg, rrdvreg de iredaig 15 
dedejxevoi, rrpooKaprepovoi rolg epyoig cvvex&g, Kal p,ed-' 
rjfiepav Kal di' bXrjg rijg WKrbg, dvdnavaiv p,ev ovdefxiav 
Xafij3dv ovreg, dpaofxov de iravrbg (piXori^iOdg elpydfievoi. 
Trjg de rbv xpvobv exovorjg yrjg rr)v \iev OKXrjpordrrjv rrvpl 
iroXXCi Kavoavreg Kal iroirjoavreg %avvr\v, npoodyovai rrrv 20 
did rQ>v xeip&v Karepyaaiav rrjv de dvei\ievr\v rrerpav 
Kal fierpiG) nova) dvva\ievr\v vneuteiv Xarof.uKG) oidrjpit) 
Karanovovoi fxvpiddeg aKXrjpovvrov dvdpcbrrojv. Kal rrjg 
fiev bXrjg irpayjiareiag 6 rbv Xi-&ov diaKpivcjv rexvirr/g 
Ka$7)yelrai, Kal rolg epya^ofievoig vnodeiKwai • rQ>v de 25 
TTpbg rrrv drv%iav ravrr/v aTTodeix^evrov, oi \iev ccjfiarog 
pibfirj diaxpepovreg rvrxloi oidrjpalg rr)v \iap\iapi^ovaav 
Trerpav Korrrovoiv, ov rexvrjv rolg epyoig, dXXd (3iav Ttpoa- 
dyovreg. Kal ovroi fiev rd Xaro\iov\ieva tipavofiara elg 
eda<f>og Kara(3dXXovoi, Kal rovro ddiaXeirrrug evepyovoi 30 
Trpbg emardrov j3apvrrjra Kal rrXrjydg. Oi de avrj(3oi 
naldeg eiodvdjievoi did ribv v7Tov6p,o)v elg rd KeKoiXcjfieva 
rrjg rrerpag, dva(3dXXovaiv eTmrdvcjg rr]v pnrrovfievrjv Kara 
fjiiKpbv iverpav, Kal npbg rbv eKrbg rov arofiiov ronov elg 
vjrai'&pov dnoKOfii^ovaiv. 0/ de vnep err] rpiaKovra rrapd 35 
rovro)v Xappdvovreg 6)piop,evov \ierpov rov Xaroprjuarog, 
K2 



114 GEOGRAPHY. | 

sv bXjiotg XtMvoig tvtttovgl Gl6r]polg imepoig, a%piq av 
6po(3ov to fjLsye'&og narepydacdvrai. Hapa 6s tovtov tov 
6poj3iT7}v XI-&OV at yvvaiKsg Kal ol Trpeofivrepoi tgjv av- 
6pdv e/cdexovrai, Kal [lvXgjv s%r\g ttXscovgjv ovtgjv, snl 
5 rovrovg sTU,j3dXXovGi, Kal Trapaardvreg dvd rpelg rj 6vo 
TTpbg tt]v ko)7T7]v dXrjdovGiv, eg oeficddXeug rponov to 
doftsv fierpov KaTspya^bixsvoi. To 6s TsXsvTalov ol tsxvI. 
rac 7rapaXa(36vreg rov dXr\XsG\isvov Xl$ov y irpbg ttjv '6Xt)V 
dyovoi GvvrsXsiav. 'Enx yap irXareiag oavcdog p,LKpbv 

10 syKSKXi\isvr]g rplj3ovGi ttjv KaTSipyaGfisvrjv fidpfiapov, vdop 
emx^ovreg. E2ra to fisv yeoJdeg avTTjg skt7]KO\lsvov did 
tCjv vyptiv Karappel Kara ttjv T7]g Gavidog eyttXiGLV, t5 
6s %pvGiov £%ov snl rov %vXov ixapa\isvsi did to (3dpog. 
TLoXXdiug 6s tovto irotovvTsg, to \lsv TTpCtTOV Talg x e P OLV 

15 sXacftpcog TpiflovGL, jisra 6s Tavra Girbyyotg dpacolg icovcpoyg 
eiu$Xi[3ovTsg, to xavvov nai ys£)6sg 6id tovtgjv dvaXap,- 
pdvovGL, \isxpig av otov na$apbv ysvrfai to y\>7]y\ia tov 
XpvGov. To 6s TsXsvTalov aXXoi TsxviTai TTapaXajipdvov- 
Tsg fjiETpG) Kai errata) to Gvvi]y\isvov sig KSpa\isovg x vr ~ 

20 povg sfifiaXXovGL. Mc^avrsg 6s Kara to TrXrj'&og dvdXoyov 
jjloXl(36ov (3oi)Xov Kal x ovo P ov S dXtiv, stl 6s jSpaxv fcaG- 

GlTSpOV, fCal ftpt'&LVOV ITlTVpOV 7Tp0GS[ll3d?LX0VGLV. f Ap- 
flOGTOV (5' STTL^Sfta TTOiTjGaVTSg, Kal 7T7]X£) (piXonovcog TTSpi- 
XplGaVTSg, OTTTGJGLV SV Ka\LlV(x> 7TSVTS TjfjLSpag Kal vvKTag 

25iGag d6iaXsL7TTG)g. "ETreira sdoavTsg ipvyrjvai, tgjv [.isv 
aXXuv ov6sv svp'iGKovGiv sv Tolg dyysloig, tov 6e xpvoov 
Ka&apbv Xaji(3dvovGLV, 6Xiyr\g aixovGiag ysysvr\p,sv7\g. f H 
fxsv ovv tgjv fjLSTaXXoyv tovtgjv svpsGig apx^ia rcavTsXCjg 
sgtlv, (bg av vtco tgjv uaXacolv (3aGiXso)v KaTa6six&&loa. 

30 8. 'O 'AXs%av6pog Kpivag sv AlyvnTG) ixbXtv \isydXr\v 
KTioat, TrpoGsrai-s Tolg snl tt)v sixi\isXsiav TavTTjv icara- 
XEino[j,svoig, dvd \isgov Tr\g ts Xi\iV7\g nal Tijg ■daXaGGTjg 
olaiGai ttjv ttoXlv. Hia\iSTpi\Gag 6s tov tottov, Kal pvfio- 
TOfirjGag (ptXoTsxv^g ttjv ttoXiv, a<p' savTOv irpoG7}y6psvGev 

35 'AXs%dv6psiav, svKaipoTaTa \isv ksl\isvt\v nXrjGiov tov 
4>apov Xifisvog, Tig 6' evGroxta TTjg pv\ioTo\ilag iroiriGag 



AFRICA. 115 

dianvelodat ttjv ttoXiv rolg err]OL0Lg avEfiotg. Kal tov- 
tuv ttveovtcjv p,£V did tov [leyiorov rreXdyovg, Karaifjvxov- 
tg)v 6e tov Kara ttjv ttoXlv depa, ttoXXtjv Tolg kotoikov- 
aiv evKpaoiav Kal vyieuav Kareottsvaos. Kal tov fiev 
7Tepij3oAov avTTjg vneOTrjaaTO tu) te ueyedei StacpepovTa 5 
teal KaTd ttjv 6xvpoT7]Ta davfidocov. 'Avd \jlegov yap &v 
[i£ydXr\g Xl\ivr\g Kal TTjg $aXaTT7]g, 6vo \lovov and TTjg 
yfjg k'xet- npooodovg OTevdg . Kal -navTzX&g £v<pvXaKTOvg. 
Tov 6s tvttov TTjg rroAeojg dnoTEXtiv x\a[ivdi napa- 

TtXtjGLOV, 7]yE TTAttTEiaV, UEGTjV 0;££(5dv TTjV TTOALV TEfJLVOV- 10 

oav, Kal tg) te jj,Ey£$£L Kal TTAaTEL 'davjiaOTTjV. 'And 
yap nvA7]g ettI ttvXtjv dirjicovaa, TsaaapaKOVTa [mev OTad. 
lojv exec to [ArjKog, irXidpov ds to nXaTog, oIkigjv ds Kal 

LEp&V TToXvteXeGC KaTaGKEValg TXaOa KEK0a\L7\Tai. UpoG- 

£Ta$£ 6' 6 'AXi^avdpog Kal (3aoiAsia KaTaoKEvdoai -&av- 15 
[.laoTa /card to p,£y£$og Kal fidpog tCjv fpyuv. Ov \iovov 
<5' 6 'AXs^avdpog, dXXd Kal ol [iet' avTbv (3aoLA£voavT£g 
AlyvTTTOV cx^dbv anavTEg ttoXvteXegl KaTaGKEvalg rjv^rj- 
Gav avTd Ta ftaGiXsia. KaftoXov 6e tj rroXig T0GavT7\v 
ETidoGLv EXa(3£v ev Tolg vGTEpov XP° V01 £> cjgte rrapd 20 
rroXXolg avT?)v TrpcoTTjv dpi${iELG$ai, tg3v KaTd tt\v oIkov- 
[i£V7]v. Kal yap KaXXsi, Kal fiEyE&Et, Kal npoGodojv ttX^el 

Kal TG)V TTpbg TpO(f)7]V dv7]K0VTG)V TToXv 6ta(pEp£L TOJV dX- 

Xcjv. To ds tCjv KaTOLKOvvTiDV olK7jTop(x)v avTT\v TxXrftog 
v7T£pj3dXXEi Tovg ev Talg dXXaig ttoXeglv olKiyropag. 25 

9. 0/ AWioixEg KaKofiioi te Kal yvfiviJTEg eIgl Ta rroXXd, 
Kal vop,dd£g- Ta Se fiooKrjjjLaTa avTolg egtl fiiKpd npofiaTa 
Kal alysg Kal (3o£g Kal Kvvsg \itKpoL Zcjgi 6' and Ksyxpov, 
Kal Kpi&ijg, d(ft' gjv Kal ttotov ttolovglv avTolg. Qvd' 
aKpodpva exovgi TtXi)v (poiviKUV dXlyo)v ev Krjnoig j3aGtXi- 30 
twig ' eviol 5e Kal noav G-tTovvTat, Kal KXCyvag anaXovg, 
Kal Xcjtov, Kal KaXdjiov pl^av. KpiaGi 6e xP^ vraL i K ^ 
acfiart, Kal ydXaKTt, Kal Tvpti. — 10. Ol Al^LonEg xptivrai 
TO%oig TETparrqxEGi $;vXivoig, nETvpaKTuyLkvoig. 'OttXl^- 
ovgl 6e Kal Tag yvvatKag, cjv at nXsiovg K£KpLKO)VTat to 35 
X^Xog tov GTo/xaTog ^aA/cai KptKG) ■ Kojdcocpopoc 6' eIgIv, 



116 GEOGRAPHY. 

ipeav ovk exovreg, rtiv rrpoj3drG)v alyorpixovvrojv • ol 6£ 
yvfivrjrai elotv, rj teal nepie^tovraL \iiKpd Kudia rj Tpi.%iva 
rrXeyfiara evvepr). Qebv de vo\ii^ovoi, rbv fiev a-ddvarov, 
rovrov d' elvai rbv alnov rcov ndvrov, rbv 6e -dvrjrbv, 
5 avcjvvfiov riva Kal ov oacpfj ' (*>g 6* EmronoXv rovg evep- 
yerag nai rovg (3aotXeag Seovg vopi^ovoi. Tovg de vek- 
povg ol fiev elg rbv norapbv eKpinrovoiv, ol d' o'ittoi 
Karexovoi TTEpL%savteq vaXov, rtveg de ev Kepa\iiaig aopolg 
Karopvrrovoi kvkXo) rcov lepdv. BaoiXeag Kadcordot 

10 rovg KaXXei diacpepovrag, rj apery Krrjvorpo(f)iag, rj dv- 
dpeiag, r) ixXovrov. 

1 1 . Tovrcjv 6isvKpivrjfievG)v, oIkeZov av Etrj dceX-delv 
irepl rtiv At(3v(x)v ruv TrXrjOtov Alyvnrov KaroiKovvrcov 
Kal rrjg dfiopov x^>P a ^- Td yap nepl Kvprjvrjv nai rag 

15 liVpreig, ert ds rrjv \iEobyEiov rrjg Kara rovg ronovg rov- 
rovg xepvov, fco,rottt£l rerrapa yevrj Ai(3vg)v wv ol p,ev 
bvo\iaC,b\Lzvoi ~Naoajj,ioveg ve.\iovrai rd vevovra fieprj ixpbg 
vorov, ol d' AvxJLoai rd irpbg rrjv dvoiv ■ ol de Mapp,apldac 
KaroLKOvoi rrjv fj,era%v raivlav Alyvnrov Kal Kvprjvrjg, 

20 fxerexovreg Kal rrjg ixapaXlag- ol de MaKat TroXvavdpionia 
rC)V 6p,os$v(ov nposxovreg, vefiovrat rovg ronovg rovg 
TTEpl rrjv Svpnv. TCbv de 7Tpoeiprjfj,evG)v Al/3vg)v yecopyol 
pev eloiv, olg vndpxei %&P a dvva\iEvrj Kapnbv (pepeiv 
daipiXrj, vop,d6eg d', boot rO>v KrrjvCjv rrjv eixi\ieXeiav 

25 noiovfievoi, rag rpocpdg exovoiv dnb rovrov. 'Apicpdrepa 
de rd yevrj ravra j3aotXeag £%£i, Kal (3iov ov navreXtig 
dyptov, ov5 y dvdpoirivrjg rjpepbrrjrog e^rjXXaypevov. To 
de rpirov yevog ovre (3aoiXecjg vnaKovov, ovre rov diKaiov 
Xbyov ovd' evvoiav t%ov, del Xrjarevei' dnpoodoKrjrog de 

30 rag e[i(3oXdg ek rrjg eprjpov Troiovfisvov, apna^ei rd -napa- 
rvxbvra, Kal rax^g dvaKa\iv:rei npbg rbv avrbv ronov. 
Hdvreg d' ol Alj3veg ovrot ■drjpLudr] (3iov exovoiv, vrrai-dpioi 
diafievovreg, Kal rb ruv emrrjdevfidruv dyptov etyXo- 
Koreg- ovre yap r\\iepov diairrjg, ovr' eodrjrog fierexovoLV, 

35 dXXd dopalg alyuv OKeird&voi rd ouip,ara. 'O (T onXio- 
fxbg avrCyv eorlv ohetog rrjg re x^P a ^ Kai ™ v ^trrjdev- 



AFRICA. 117 

fidrcjv. Kovcpoi yap bvreg rolg acjfiaac, Kal x&P av oIkovv- 
reg Kara ro irXelorov iredidda, rrpbg rovg Ktvdvvovg opjiLooc, 
Xoyxag exovreg rpelg nai Xitiovg ev dyyeoi OKvrlvoig- 
%i(pog <J' ov (bopovoiv, ovde upavog, ovd' bnXov ovdev 
erepov, oroxa^ouevoi rov rrporepelv ralg evKivr\oiaig ev 5 
rolg diaryfiolg, nai ndXiv ev ralg dnoxup'flo'eoL. Aibnep 
evderuraroi npbg dpbp,ov eiol nai Xidoj3oXlav, dianenovT]- 
(coreg ry \ieXery nai ry ovvrfteia rd rrjg (pvaeojg rrpor- 
epijuara. KatibXov 6e npdg rovg dXXocpvXovg ovre ro 
d'utaiov ovre rfjv niorcv tear' ovdeva rpbirov diarrjpovoiv. 10 

12. 1% 6e x<*>pag r) fiev bjiopog ry Kvprjvrj yeudrjg eari 
Kal noXXovg (pepovaa aapirovg. Ov \lovov yap vrrapx^i 
oirocpopog, dXXd Kal ttoXXtjv dfirreXov, en 6' eXaiav e%«, 
Kal rfjv dypiav vXrjv, Kal irora/iovg evxp^Ttav Trapexop,- 
evovg- 7] 6' vnep ro vbnov \iepog vireprelvovoa, dorropog 15 
ovaa Kal o—avi£ovoa vap,analo)v vddnov, rr)v rrpbooipiv 
££££ neXdyei 7rape[i(peprj, ovdeutav be napexop-evr] ttolk- 
iXiav, eprjfMi) yr\ nepiexerai. kiorrep ovd' bpveov idelv 
eanv, ov rerpdnow ev avrrj £uov, ttXtjv dopKadog Kal 
j3oog ■ ov \lt\v ovre cpvrbv, ovr' aXXo rojv dvvapievuv 20 
ipvxaycjyrjoai rrjv opaotv, (hg dv rrjg elg {leocn/eiov dv- 
7)KovG7]g yfjg exovarjg em ro firjKog ddpbovg tilvag. 'E0' 
baov be orravl^et ru>v npbg r\\iepov (3lov dvrjKbvrcjv, enl 
roaovrov nXrjtivec navroi(*)v ralg ideaig Kal rolg \ieyetieatv 
bcpecjv, fidXiora 6e r&v roiovrcov, ovg npooayopevovoi 25 
Kepdarag • ol rd \iev 6f)yfiara davarrjcpopa noiovvrai, rrjv 
6e xp6 av OjtfcjUO) napanXrjoiav exovoi. t\tbnep e^cofioLOJuev- 
uiv avrC)v Kara rr)v npbaoi^tv rolg vnoKetfievoig eddfyeocv, 
bXiyoi aev eiriyiyvuoKovoiv, ol noXXol 6' dyvoovvreg 
TrarovoL, Kal Kivdvvoig irepciTLTTrovcnv drrpoadoKrjroLg. 30 

13. f H Kapxrjd&v errl x E PP ov ^ aov Tivbg idpvrat, rrepc- 
ypacpovoTjg kvkXov, rpiaKOGLGJV e^iJKovra oradiov exovra 
relxog. Kara fieorjv 6e rr\v tzoXlv rj aKporzoXig, r\v eKaX- 
ovv Bvpaav, b<ppvg 'iKavcog optica, kvkXg) rrepLotKOVfievrj, 
Kara 6e rr\v Kopv(pf]v exovaa 'AoKXri~Lelov, bnep Kara n)v 35 
aXcooiv rrjg TroXecjg rj yvvr) rov 'Aodpovfia ovveTrprjaev 



118 GEOGRAPHY. 

avrq. "Trcoiteivrai de r%j aKponoXei ol re Xi\ieveg, Kal 6 
Kg5#6)X', VTjoiov rcepupepeg EvpiiTG) ixepiexo\ievov , £%ov re 
veGXJoifcovg enarepG)-&ev kvkXu. K.riop,a d' earl Atdovg, 
dyayovor\g ere Tvpov Xaov ovro) d' evrvxrjg rj aixoiKia 
brolg $oivit~LV vnrjp^e Kal avrr], Kal rj \ie%pi rrjg 'I(37]piag 
rr\g re dXXr\g teal rrjg ei-G) or?]XGJv, dare Kal rrjg Evpu)~rjg 
rrjv apiarrrv eveifiavro ol Qoivuceg Kara rrjv rpxeipov, nai 
rag irpooexelg vrjaovg' rf)v re Atf3vrjV KareKrr)oavro nd- 
aav, oarjv p,r) vofiadtKoJg olov r' r)v olttelv. 'A<p' r)g dvvd\i- 

10 ecjg ttoXlv re dvrtnaXov rig 'F&firj fcareanevdaavro, ical 
rpelg enoXefirjoav npog avrovg fieydXovg iroXeuovg. 

14. Yevoiro d' av evdrjXog r) dvva\iig avrtdv en rov 
vardrov TToXepov, ev & KareXv^rjoav vnb Sicjjmcdvog, rov 
AljitXcavov, Kal r) noXig apdrjv fjcpavLodrj. "Ore yap 

15 rjp^avro TroXefj,etv, ixoXeig \iev el%ov rpiaKoaiag ev ry 
Atfivrj dv&puncjv <T ev r%j rroXei fivpiddag e(3dop,rjKovra' 
7ToXtopKOVfj,evoL de Kal dvayKaodevreg rpaireodai npog 
evdooiv, TravonXitiv fiev edooav p,vpiddag et-Koac, KaraneX- 
riKa de bpyava rptoxlXta, oyg ov TtoXe\L7\$r\G6\Levoi. Kpi$- 

20 evrog de ndXiv rov dvarroXefielv, e%ai$vr\g birXoTcodav 
Gvveorrjoavro, Kal eKaorrjg r\\xepag dvecpipovro dvpeol fiev 
eKarov Kal rerrapaKovra Trenrjyoreg ■ fidxaipai de rpia- 
Kooiai, Kal X6y%ai nevraKootai, x'tXia de (3eXrj KaraneX- 
riKd' rpixa* de rolg KaraireXratg at ftepdixaivai napelxov. 

25 "Eri roivvv vavg exovreg dudeKa, rore, Kaiixep rjdrj ovfi- 
7re(pevy6reg elg rr)v Bvpaav, ev difirjvio KareoKevdoavro 
vavg eiKoot Kal eKarov KaracppaKrovg, Kal, rov orofiarog 
rov Ko)$(*)vog <f>povpovp,evov, didjpv^av aXXo ordfia, Kal 
TrporjXtiev al(f>viduog 6 oroXog- vXrj yap r)v dnoKetfievrj 

30 naXaia, Kal rexvirtiv TtXrjdog irpooedpevov Kal otrapKovfi- 
evov drjfiooia. Totavrrj d' ovaa Kapx^dcbv, ofiug edXo) 
Kal KareaKacpT]. 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 119 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 

I. SOLON. 
Solon procures the Athenians the Possession of Salamis. 
'Ettel (lafcpov nva nai dvGxeprj tx6Xe\lov ol ev dor el 

TTEpt T7jC laXaflLVLOJV VTjGOV MsyapEVGL TToXsuOVVTEg £%£K- 

auov, nai vdfiov e$evto, \lt\te ypdipac nvd, \l7\t' eIttelv 
avdcg, (bg XPI r l v koXiv avrLiroiElotiai, rrjg SaXafilvog, 7} 
davdrci) ZrjfjuovO'&aL, fiapiug (pEpcjv ttjv ddot-cav 6 ZoXov, 6 
tcai tCjv veo)v bpdv iroXXovg dEOjiivovg dpx^jg km tov itoX- 
efiov, avTovg ds \ir\ tiappovvrag dpgao'&ac did tov vdfiov, 
eaurjiparo \lev Enoraaiv tgjv XoytGutiv, nai Xoyog slg tt\v 
ttoXcv ek rrjg olniag 6le66^&i] TTapaKivq-iKug £x eiV o^vtov. 
'EAeyem 6s Kpixpa owddg, nai [isXETfjoag ljote XiyEiv 10 
and GTOfiarog, e^etttjStjgev sig ttjv dyopdv d(pvo), mXLov 
TTEpids/jLEvog. "Ox^ov 6s noXXov ovvdpafiovTog, dva(3dg 
em tov tov fcrjpvKog Xitiov, ev (bdrj diE^rjX-dE tt\v sXsyEiav, 
7jg eotiv dpx'rj' 

AvTog fcrjpvt; rjXdov d(p' IfiEpTTjg ZaXapLtvog, 15 

Koofiov knew, (hdfjv dvT* dyopijg, SsfXEVog. 

Tovto to noirjua SaXafiig kmyeypanTat, nai gtlx^v 

EKdTOV EGTl, %apt£VT6)£ ndw n£nOLT]fJ,£VG)V. TOTE 6e CLG- 

-&EVTog avTOv, nai tcjv tylXbzv tov ^LoXowog dpi-afi£VG)v 
enacvelv, udXcGTa 6e tov UstGtGTpdTOv Tolg noXiTaig 20 
eyKEXsvofiEvoVj icai napopfitivTog neiG$r\vai r£> XeyovTi, 

XvGCLVTEg TOV VOflOV avtitg TJ7TTOVTO TOV TToXEflOV, TTpO- 

GTrjodfLEvot tov XoXcjva. Td \iev ovv drjfiudrj tCjv Xeyop- 
evo)v TOtavT' egtlv, oti nXevoag knl KoXidda /zerd tov 
JlEiGLGTpdTOV, nai KaTaXa(3(bv avTofti naGag Tag yvvalaag 25 
T'Q ArjurjTpi tt\v naTpiov dvGiav kntTEXovGag, snEuipEV 
avdpa mGTbv elg ttjv SaXafilva, npoGnoiov\iEvov avTo- 
fioXov slvat, KsXsvGOVTa Tovg Msyapslg, el ftovXovTat t&v 



120 II. FROM THE LIFE. OF AltlSTIDES. 

*Ad7]vacG)v rag 7Tpd)rag Xa(3elv yvvaltcag, ettl Ko)XtdSa 
per' avrov ttXelv rr)v raxiGrryv. 'tig 6e neLO'&evreg ol 
Mey apelg dvdpag e^eTrejjLipav kv tg> ttXolg), kcll Kareldev o 
I,6X(*)v to ttXoIov kXavvo\iEVov a/nb rrjg vrjaov, rag fiev 
SyvvaiKag kftnodcov aneXdelv ekeXevge, riov 6s veorepuv 
rovg jJLTjdeno) yEVEidvrag evdvfiaai nai \ilrpaig teal vnodrj- 
\iaai rolg etceCvov onevaoajievovg, real Xaf36vrag kyx^pidia 
tcpvnrd, irai^eiv nal %opeveLV rrpooera^e nppg rr\ 3aXaGGrj, 
\is-xpig dv a-nofitdoiv ol noXefiioi, aal yEvryrai rb ttXolov 

10 imoxEipLOV. Ovtcj dfj rovrcjv rrparTOfiEvov, vnax&EVTEg 
ol Msyapslg r%j oipsi,, k^Eirrjdov d>g knl yvvalnag aiiiX- 
Xd)\iEvoi npbg dXXrjXovg • cjgte \ir\dsva dia<pvy£lv, dXXd 
irdvrag dnoMo'&ai, Kai rr)v vfjoov kmrrXEvGavrag Evfivg 
exeiv rovg 'A-&r]vaiovg. "AXXoi de aXXov nvd rponov 

IbysvEoftaL rrjv KardXrjipiv Xejovglv. 

II. ARISTIDES. 

Passages from the Life of Aristides. 

'Apiorsidrjg o Avotfidxov, (pvXr)g \ilv rjv 'Avnoxtdog, 

rbv 6e drj^ov , AX(x>7T£itrj$£v. ILspi 6' ovGiag avrov Xoyoi 

dtdcpopoi ysyovaGtv, ol [isv, d>g kv ttevlcl gvvtovg) /cara(3id)- 

aavrog, teal fisra rrjv teXevttjv dnoXnTovrog tivyarspag 

20dvo noXvv xpo^ov dvsicdorovg Si' diroptav y£y£vr\\i£vag. 
Tlpbg 6e rovrov rbv Xoyov vnb ttoXX&v Elpr\\iEVov dvri- 
raaGOfiEVog 6 QaXrjpEvg kr\\ir\Tpiog, x 0) pi° v T£ QaXrjpol 
(prjol yiv&GKELV 'ApiOTEidov Xej6\ievov, kv G) TsftaTTTai, 
feat aXXa r£K\ir)pia rrjg nspl rbv oIkov Evnopcag dyEipEt, 

25 ov fidXa mfiava, §iXori\iov\iEvog avrov rrjg TtEviag e^eXeg- 
Sat, d)g \iEydXov Kanov. 

QavfiaGrr) ds rig kepaivsro avrov irapa rag kv ry ttoXl- 
TEia jiEra(3oXdg r) £VGrd$ELa, \ir\rE ralg ri\ialg knatpofisvov, 
TTpog te rag dvGrjfiEpiag d$opv(3(x)g nal npdog sxovrog, Kal 

30 dfiolog r\yov\iEVov xP r ) vai T V Tarpidu irapExzw savrbv, ov 
Xpr\\Ldr(xiv fiovov, aXXa nal 66^r\g rtpolna teat dfiiG-fti no- 
XiT£v6\i£vov. "Otiev, rCdv slg 'Aiupidpaov tin' AIgxvXov 
7T£iTOirjjjLEVG)v ia\L$Ei(AV hv tw -dsdrpG) Xsyofisvov, 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 121 

Ov yap donelv dUaiog, &XX' elvai fisXei, 
Badelav dXoKa did (ppsvbg fcapnovfievog, 
'A0' f)g rd Ksdvd fiXaoravei fiovXevfmra, 
7Tavreg aireftXeipav elg 'Aptareidrjv, &g ekeIvgj fxaXtara 
Tr)g dperrjg ravrrjg Ttpoo"r\KovGr\g. 5 

Ov [wvov 6e npbg evvoiav teal xapiv, aXXd Kal rrpbg 
dpyfjv Kal npbg ex$pav ioxvporarog r)v virep tgjv difcaiuyv 
dvTij3r)vai. Aeyerat yovv ttote 6ig)KG)V ex$pdv ev 6lk- 
aoTrjpiii), fierd rrjv KaTryyopiav ov (3ovXo(j,evg)v anoveiv 
rov KtvdvvevovTog tgjv dtfeaortiv, aXXd rr\v iprjcpov ev$i)g 10 
alrovvrov ett* avrov, avaTrr]6f)aag to> Kpivop,EVGi gvviket- 
evetv, oiTug dftovodeir] Kal tvxoi tgjv vo\li\lgjv. 

TLdXiv 6e KpivGJv Idiuratg dvoi, rov krepov Xsyovrog, 
Gjg noXXd Tvyxdvei rov 'ApcGTsidrjv 6 avridtnog XeXvttt)- 
Kcbg, Aey', o) 'ya#s, E(p7j, fiaXXov el tl oe naitbv ttettoI^ke' 15 
aoi yap, ovk Efiavrti, Sitcd^d). 

Uaoojv 6e tgjv nEpl avrbv apETGjv r) 6iKaioGvvr\ \idXiara 
Tolg TzoXXolg ala^aiv Trapslxe, did to tt)v X9 Eiav evdeX- 
exsordrrjv avT7\g Kal KOLVordrrjv imapx^v. "0$ev, dvrjp 
7TEV?]g Kal drifiOTLKbg, EKrrjaaro tt)v j3aacXiKG)rdr7]v Kal 20 
-&EiOTdrrjv Txpoorp/opiav rov AtKaiov. ,v O tgjv fiaoiXeov 
Kal TvpdvvG)v ovdslg e^tjXgjgev, dXXd HoXcopKrjTal, Kal 
Kspavvol, Kal NiK&Topeg, evlol 6' 'AetoI Kal 'lepaKEg 
exoLipov ixpoaayopEv6\iEVoi, tt)v dub Trjg (5Lag Kal Trjg 
6vvdp,£G)g, Gjg eolke, paXXov, rj Tr)v dnb Tr)g dpETTjg 661-av 26 
dyairCdVTEg. 

T(J 6* OVV 'AplGTEiSr) OWEpT] TO TTpcJTOV dyaTTGJflEVG) 6td 

rr)v ETTOVviiiav, vGTEpov (bftovEtG-daL. r yap dijfiog ettI 
t%j vlkxi \ieya <fipovQ>v, r)x$£TO T0 ^ ovop,a Kal 66%av vnip 
rovg TroXXovg exovgl. Kal owsXtiovTEg slg doTV rrav- 30 

TaXO&EV, E%0OTpaKL$0VOL TOV 'ApLOTEldrjV, OVOfia TG) (p$6vG) 

Trig dofyg <pof3ov Tvpavvioog $e\levoi. Mox^r/plag yap 
ovk tjv ^r\\iia 6 £%0OTpaKLop,bg, dXX' eKaXetTO \xev, Si' 
evnpETTEiav, oyKov Kal dvvdfiEGjg (3apVT£pag TanEivcjacg 
Kal KoXaoig. 35 

Tpa^ofxevoyv ovv tote tgjv 6oTpdKG)v, Xeyerai Tiva tgjv 
L 



122 II. FROM THE LIFE OF ARISTIDES. 

aypafji[idTG)v Kal rravreXoJg dypoLKOv, dvadovra tg5 'ApjffT- 
eidxi rb ooTpaitov, <bg evl r&v rvxbvrcov, napaKaXelv, 
bnoyg 'Apcareidrjv eyypdipei. Tov de $av\idoavrog Kal 
Tiv&oiievov, firj ri Kanbv avrco ' Apioreidrjg Tzenoi^Kev, 
5 Ovdev, elnev, ovde ytvcooKO) rbv avftpomov, dXX' evoxXov- 
fiat navraxov rbv b^iKaiov duoviov. Tavr' dfcovaavra 
rbv 'Apioreidrjv diTOKpivacr&aL fiev ovdev, eyypdipai de 
rovvofia tw oorpaKG) Kal dnodovvaL. Trjg de noXeug 
aTraXXarrofievog rjdrj, rag %elpag avareivag elg rbv ov- 

10 pavbv, r\v%aro, fiTjdeva fcaipbv 'Adqvaiovg KaraXa(3etv, og 
dvayKaaei rbv drjfiov 'Apcorecdov fxv7]G-&rjvaL. 

Ol e 'F,XXr)veg ereXovv fiev rtva, Kai AaKedai\ioviiAV 
r)yovp,evG)v, dnocpopdv elg rbv rcoXefjiov, rax^vai de (3ovX6- 
pbevoi Kara ttoXlv kadoroig rb \ierpiov, %irr]oavTO napa tgjv 

15 'Ad7]vai(x)v 'ApioreidTjv, nal Trpoaerat-av avrti, X ( * ) P av Te 
Kai npooodovg eniGKexpajievov opioat rb tear' d^lav kudorix* 
tcai dvva\itv. f O de rrjXitcavrrjg e^ovoiag Kvpiog yevop,- 
evog, nai rpoirov nvd ri\g '~EXXddog en' avrCo fiovo) rd 
irpdypara ixdvra $ep,evr\g, ixevr\g fiev eijrjX&ev, enavrjXde 

20 de nevearepog, ov \iovov Kadaptig Kai diKaiug, dXXd Kal 
TTpoo<fiiX6)g ndoi Kai appodiog r?]v emypa(prjv rtiv XPW**" 
tg)v TTOLTjodpevog. 'Qg yap ol ixaXaioi rbv em Kpovov 
(3cov, ovro)g ol Gv\i\iaxoi rtiv 'A&rjvaicdv rbv fa? 'Apior- 
eidov <f>6pov, evixor\iiav nvd rrjg 'HXXddog ovo\id^ovreg, 

25 vfivovv, Kai \idXiora \ier* ov ttoXvv xpovov dnrXaaiaodev- 
rog, elr' avdig rpLirXaoiaoftevrog. 

y ApiGret6r]g elg rb apxew dv&pcjncjv roaovrcov Kara- 
orrjoag rrjv eavrov irarpcda, avrbg eve\ieive rq nevca, Kal 
rrjv dnb rov Trevrjg elvai do^av ovdev t\ttov dyantiv rr\g 

SOaTrb twv rpoiraiiDv diereXeoe. ArjXov 6' eKeWev. KaX- 
XLag 6 dadovxog fy avrcp yevei TrpoorjKuyv • rovrov ol 
^Xftpoi davdrov dicoKOvreg, enel nepl <bv eypdxpavro fier- 
pioyg Karr\y6pr]oav y elnov riva Xoyov e%(ddev roiovrov 
TTpbg rovg diKaardg • 'ApioreLdrjv, e(j>7)oav, tare, rbv AvoLp,~ 

Sbdxov, $avp,a$6iievov ev rolg "EXXtjcc tovtu irtig oleo$e 
rd tar' oucov ex etv > <>P<*> VT£ S avrbv kv rpifi(ovi tolovtu 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 123 

npoepxofievov elg rb drj^ooiov ; dp* ovk elKog eon, rdv 
piyovvra (pavepdg, Kal rreivijjv oikoi, Kal rdv aXXov etcl~ 
rrjdeiov orxavi^eiv ; rovrov \ievroi KaXXlag, dvexfjibv avrd 
bvra, rrXovoidrarog dv 'Adrjvaiojv, rxepiopa uerd tekvmv 
Kal yvvaiKog evdebfievov, rxoXXd Kexp^fisvog rd dvdpl, Kal 5 
rxoXXaKig avrov rrjg nap* v\ilv dvvd\ieu>g drroXeXavKdg. 
f O 6e KaXXiag, bpdv enl tovtg) udXcora -dopvfiovvrag rovg 
difcaordg Kal xaXenoJg rrpbg avrov s^ovrag, ettdXec rbv 
'Apioreidrjv, d^idv paprvprjoai rrpbg rovg dutaordg, on 
rxoXXaKig avrov rroXXd Kal dtdovrog Kal deofxevov Xa(3elv, 10 
ovk rj-deXrjaev, arroKpivo\ievog, dg \iaXXov avrd did rrjv 
rreviav fieya cf)povelv rj KaXXta did rdv rrXovrov rrpoorJKet. 
Tavra rov 'Apcoretdov rd KaXXca rrpoofiaprvpfjoavrog i 
ovdelg r)v rdv aKovovrojv, dg ovk arrrfei rrevrjg \iaXXov, dg 
'Apioreldrjg, elvai (3ovX6uevog, rj rrXovrelv, dg KaXXlag. 15 

III. THEMISTOCLES. 

Aeyerat 6 Qe/iLoroKXrjg, NeoKXeovg vlbg, ovro napd(po- 
pog rrpbg do^av elvat, Kal rrpd^euv fieydXcjv vrrb (pLXonuiag 
epaorrjg, dare veog dv en, rrjg ev Mapaddvi \idxr\g rrpbg 
rovg (3ap(3dpovg yevo\ievr\g, Kal rrjg MtXrcddov orparrjylag 
6ia(3o7j^elarjg, avvvovg bpdodat rd rroXXd rrpbg eavrd, Kal 20 
rag vvKrag dypvrrvelv, ical rovg rrbrovg rrapairelo$ai 
rovg ovvrjdeig, Kal Xeyeiv rrpbg rovg epordvrag Kal $av* 
fxd^ovrag rrjv rrepl rov /3iov uera[3oXrjv, dg Kadevdeiv 
avrov oi>K edrj rb rov MiXriddov rporraiov. Ol fiev yap 
aXXoi rrepag dovro rov rroXe\iov rrjv ev Mapatidvc rdv 25 
(3ap(3dpo)v rjrrav elvai, QeuioroKXrjg 6e dp%rjv fiei^ovcjv 
dydvcjv, e(j>' ovg eavrbv vrrep rrjg oXr\g 'YiXXddog rjXet(pev 
del, Kal rrjv rroXiv rjoKei, rroppudev rjdrj rrpoodoKdv rd 
fieXXov. 

Kal rrpdrov \iev rrjv AavpicjrtKrjv rrpboodov drrb rdv 30 
apyvpeiodv perdXXov e$og exovro)v 'A-&r]vaLG)v dtavepea- 
■&ai, povog elrrelv eroXarjoe rrapeXtidv elg rbv dijuov, dg 
XpT}-> rrjv dcavourjv edoavrag, eK rdv XPW^ TG)V tovtuv 
KaraoKEvaoaoftai rpirjpeig errl rbv rrpbg Alyivrjrag ttoXs* 



124 IV. FROM THE LIFE OF THEMISTOCLES. 

fiov. "HKfj,a£s yap ovrog ev ry 'EXXddi p,dXiGra, Kal 
Karelxov ol Kxyivrvrai nXr)$st vecov rr)v -ddXaoGav. r Hi 
Kal paov QefjaaroKXrjg gvvettelgev, ov kapslov, ovds Hepoag 
(ixaitpav yap rjaav ovtol, Kal deog ov jrdvv j3e(3aiov tbg 
5 dtpit-dfiEVoi napelxov) etugeicov, dXXd ry rrpbg Alycvrjrag 
opyy km cpiXovELKta rcov ixoXircbv dnoxprjod/jLEVog EVKaipcog 
enl rr\v napaGKEvrjv. e ~E,Karbv yap and rcov xprjfidrov 
eke'lvcov £7TOir}$7](jav rpirjpEtg, at Kal irpbg Aspgrjv Evav- 
\idxi)G(iv. 'Ek 6e rovrov Kara \iiKpbv vndycov Kal Kara- 

10 (3i(3d£cov rrjv ttoXiv npbg rr)v ddXaoGav, cog rd ire^d fxhv 
ovds rolg opopotg d&Ofidxovg ovrag, rfi 6' and rcov vecov 
clXkxi Kal rovg (3ap(3dpovg dfjLvvaotiai, Kal rrjg 'EXXddog 
apx^cv 6vvap,EVovg, dvrl \iovi\icov ottXltcov, cog cpr/Gt. II Xd- 
rcov, vavfSdrag Kal -SaXarriovg ettoItjge' Kal diafloXfjv 

15 Ka$' avrov napEGx^v, &S a*P a QEfiLGroKXrjg rb 66pv Kai 
rr)v aoirida rcov ttoXitcov TTapEXo^svog, slg vrcrjpeaiov Kal 
Kconrjv gvvegteiXe rbv rcov 'A-drjvaitov Srjuov. "EjTpage 
6s ravra MiXriddov Kparijoag dvrtXiy ovrog. El ^ev df} 
rrjv aKpi$Eiav Kal to Kadapbv tov ixoXirEv\iarog £(3Xa*p£v, 

20 V P7> Tavra npdi-ag, sorco ^iXooocpcorEpov etugkotteIv. 
"On 6' r) tote GCOTTjpia rolg "EXXr\oiv ek rr)g daXdaor\g 
vmjp^E, Kal rr\v 'Adrjvatcov ixoXiv Xv&Eloav Eorrjoav at 
Tpii]pEig EKEtvai, rd r' dXXa, Kal "Zspfyg avrbg Efiaprvprjos. 
Trig yap iTE^iKr)g dvvdfiEcog dftpavorov dLafiEvovorjg, EtpvyE 

SbfiETa rrjv rcov vecov rjrrav, cog ovk tov d^LOfiaxog. Kal 
Mapdoviov Efinodchv Eivai rolg "EXXr\oi rrjg dicb^Ecog p,aX- 
Xov, i] dovXcooo\i£vov avrovg, cbg e/jloI 6okel, koteXi-kev. 

IV. THEMISTOCLES. 

Incidents in the Second Persian War. 

QEfiiOTOKXrjg 7rapaXa(3cbv rrjv dpxrjv, sv&vg [ikv knEX&i- 

pEi rovg TToXtrag sjji(3ij3d^£Lv elg rag rpirjpEig, Kal rrjv 

ZqttoXlv ettelgev EKXaxovrag cbg npoGCordrco rr)g 'JZXXddog 

dnavrav tg> (3apj3dpcp Kara -&dXaGoav. UpoGExbvrtov 

6e rc7)v 'A-&7)vaicov avrco, n£\m£rai fiEra vecov £7t' 'Apre- 

fiLGiov rd arsvd tpvXd^cov. "Ei>#a 6r) rcov (iev 'EXXtjvcjv 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 125 

'Evpvfiiddrjv Kal AaKedai\iovlovg r^elo-Sai KeXevovrcov, rcov 
de 'Adrjvaicov, on itXrfoei rcov vecov ov/inavrag 6p,ov rt 
rovg dXXovg virepefiaXXov, ovk dgiovvrcov eripoig enea- 
dai, ovvidcov rbv Kivdvvov 6 QefiLOTOKXrjg, avrog re rr)v 
apxr]v Ftvpyfiiddq irapTJtce, Kal Karercpdvve rovg 'Ad^vatovg, 5 
vmoxvovfievog, dv dvdpeg dyadol yevcovrau npbg rbv 7t6X- 
e/ioVy eKOvrag avrolg nape^ecv elg rd Xoind 7rei$op,ev- 
ovg rovg "EXXrjvag. At' bixep doKel rr)g acorrjpiag alrico- 
rarog yeveoftai rjj 'EiXXddi, Kal pdXicra rovg ' A&qvalovg 
rcpoayayelv elg doi-av, cog avdpeia p,ev rcov TroXefiicov, 10 
evyvcofioovvq de rcov ovfifiaxoov ixepiyevo\ievovg. 

Al de yevdfievac rore irpog rag rcov (3ap(3dpcov vavg nepl 
rd arevd pdxai Kpioiv p,ev elg rd bXa \ieydXr\v ovk eixolr]- 
oav, rq de ne'ipa \idXtara rovg "YiXXrrvag covrjoav, vud 
rcov epycov irapd rovg Kivdvvovg didax&evrag, cog ovre 15 
/ nXr]{h) vecov, ovre koo\ioi Kal Xa\Lixp6r7]reg e-nior\\icov , ovre 
Kpavyal KOfincodetg, rj j3dp(3apoi nacaveg exovoi n deivbv 
dvdpdocv emorap,evoLg elg ^elpag levai, Kal [idxecrdai 
roXfiGJoiv • dXXd del rcov roiovrcov Kara<ppovovvrag en' 
avrd rd oco\iara (pepeodac, Kal rcpbg EKelva diaycovi^eG'&aL 20 
GVfinXaKevrag. ,v O dr) Kal Ilivdapog ov KaKcog eoiKe ovv- 
idcov em rr\g en' 'AprefiLGioj \idxr\g elnelv, ode naldeg 
'A&rjvaicov e(3dXovro (paevvdv Kprjnlda eXev&eplag. ^PXV 
yap ovrcog rov vlkclv rd ftappelv. 

Zep^ov de did rr t g Hcopidog dvco-&ev e/i(3aX6vrog elg rr\v 25 
$>it)Kida, Kal rd rcov QcoKecov dorr] nvpTroXovvrog, ov npoorj- 
\ivvov ol "EXXrjveg, Kaiirep rcov 'A-frrjvaLCOV deo\ievcov elg 
rfjv Boicorcav aTTavrr)aat npb rr\g 'ArrLKrjg, coonep avrol 
Kara -ftdXaooav e-n - ' ' Apre\iioiov ef3oi)'&r]oav. Mrjdevog d' 
viraKovovrog avrolg, dXXd rr\g HeXoTrovvqcov neptexofiev- 30 
cov, Kal iraaav evrbg 'lotyiov rr)v dvvapuv copfirjfievcov 
avvdyetv, Kal diaretx^dvrcov rov 'Ic$p,bv elg -ftdXaoaav 
ek &aXaG07)g, a\ia fiev opyrj rr\g irpodooiag elxe rovg 
'A&rrvaiovg, a\ia de dva^vfita Kal Karrjcpeia \ie\iovco\ievovg. 
Maxzotiai fiev yap ov dievoovvro pvpidoi orparov roaav- 35 
raig' b 6' r)v \iovov dvayKalov ev rep napovn, tt)v ttoXlv 

L2 



126 IV. FROM THE LIFE OF THEMISTOCLES. 

d(pevrag ifjuj>vvat rolg vavoiv, ol ttoXXoI ^a/leTrw^ tjkovov, 
&g \ir\re viKrjg dedfievoi, \ii\re GO)rr]piav ETUGrdfievoi, -detiv 
re lepd Kal narspuv rjpia TrpoCepe.vcjv. 

"Evda d?i QeiaaroiiXrig diropiov rolg av&pteTrivoig Xoyio- 
bfiolg irpoodyso&cu rb irX^og, Gr\\iE~ia daifiovia Kal XP 7 ] " 
fiovg enrjyev avrolg, Kal KparfjGag ry yvcofi'q, tfrfj<pio[la 
ypd(f)Ei, ttjv fiev ttoXlv TxapaKara§£G$ai r^j 'A-di^va rift 
^A^rjvaicjv fiedeovor}, rovg d' ev rjXiKia Trdvrag efifiaivEiv 
elg rag rpirjpsig, iraldag 6e kcll yvvaiitag Kal avSpdrroda 

10 c<o&lv eaaoTOV <bg dvvarov. Kvpudsvrog 6s rov ijHfyiG- 
fiarog, ol ttXeigtol rcjv 'A&tjvatov virs^E^Evro yovkag real 
yvvalnag sig Tpoi^rjva, §iXori\UAg rrdvv r&v Tpoifyviuv 
vnod£xofj,£VG)v. Kal yap rpicbsiv eiprj^Laavro dr)iiooia, 
6vo 6(3oXoi)g ettdorcd didovrsg, Kal rr\g drccjpag Xa[i(3dv£iv 

15 rovg naldag E^slvai navraxbdev, eti 6* vnlp avrcov didaG- 
KaXoig teXeZv fiiG$ovg. 

'FiKTrXEOvorjg 6e rijg noXEoyg, rolg fisv olktov rb SsafLa, 
rolg 6e davfia rr\g r6X\ir\g napEix^, yovkag \lev aXXq Trpo- 
TTSfJLTTOvrcJv, avr&v d' aKdfjLnrcjv npbg oljioydg Kal daKpva 

$OyvvaLKG)V Kal tekvgjv 7TEpij3oXdg 6iaiT£po)vro)V sig rf\v 
vt\gov. YLairoi noXXol iiev did yr\pag a7xoXi\i7xavo\XEVoi 
rtiv TToXircov eXeov elxov. r Kv 6e rig Kal and rdv rjfiEpcov 
Kal ovvrp6(f)(i)v £gog)v EiunXuoa yXvKv&vfiia, jtzer' (bpvyrjg 
Kal tto$ov ov[nrapad£6vr(i)v Efi/3aivovoi rolg kavrcjv 7pocf>- 

SbEVGiv. 'Ev olg laropEirai kv(ov "Zav&iTmov, rov JiepiK- 
Xeovg narpbg, ovk dvaoxofisvog rrjv «7r' avrov jiovcjgiv, 
evaXiodai r^ ■fraXdooxi, Kal rf} rpirjpEi 7rapav7)x6iJ,£vog, 
kfjLTTEGElv sig rr\v SaXafiiva Kal XELTTodv/irjGag dnodavEiv 
ev&vg. Ov Kal rb 6elkvv\ievov dxpi vvv Kal KaXovfisvov 

30 K.vvbg Gr\\ia rd(f)ov elvai XiyovGi. 

Tavra 6rj \iEydXa rov QEfjUGroKXiovg. Evpvfiiddov rr\v 
[lev rjyEfiovlav r£)v vstiv sxovrog did rb rrjg 2Trdpr7]g 
d^ico/ia, fiaXaKOv 6e nspl rbv klvSvvov ovrog, aipsiv 6s 
povXofisvov Kal ttXelv ettI rbv 'Ig^/iov, ottov Kal rb tte^ov 

Z5r\$poiGro rdv UEXonovvrjGiov, 6 QEfiiGTOKXrjg avrEXsyev 
ore Kal ra \ivr\\iovEv6yiEva Xsx&ijvai <j>aGi. Tov yap Evpv- 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 127 

fiiddov rrpbg avrbv el-novrog- r £l QefiioroitXeig, ev rolg 
dytioi rovg Trpoei-aviorafievovg pani^ovoc Nat, elrzev 6 
Qe{iiorofcXr]g, dXXd rovg dnoXeKp-devrag ov orecpavovoiv. 
'F,7Tapaiievov de rf\v (3aKrrjplav (bg rrard^ovrog, 6 Qeuio- 
roicXrjg ecpr) • Hdra^ov [lev, anovoov de. Qav/xdoavrog de 5 
rrjv TrpaorrjTa rov ~Evpv[3iddov, nal Xeyeiv fteXevaavrog, 
6 fiev Qe\iiaronXr]g dvrjyev avrbv enl rbv Xoyov. Elnov- 
rog de rivog, d>g dvr\p anoXig ovk op-BGyg diddoKei rovg 
k'xovrag eynaraXinelv nal npoeotiai rag narpidag, 6 Qefj,- 
taroKXrjg emorpeipag rbv Xoyov, 'Huelg roi, elnev, w 10 
uox&fjpe, Tag fiev oifciag nal rd Tei%t] KaraXeXoinafiev, ovk 
dfrovvreg, dipvxw evetca, dovXeveiv iroXig d' tjuIv eon 
ueyiorr] tgjv 'FiXXrjvldcjv, at dianoaiai rpirjpeig, at vvv 
vulv irapeardai (3or)-&oi CG)£eo-&ai dC avrdv $ov\o\ievoig. 
Et d' arure devrepov rjudg rrpodovreg, avrina rrevoerai rig 15 
'JZXXrjvuv, 'A-&r)vaiovg teal ttoXiv eXev&epav, nai %<upav 
ov x e ^P 0Va Kenr^fievovg, r\g dire^aXov. Tavra rov Qeuia- 
rofcXeovg elnovrog, evvoia nal deog £0%e rbv 'E,vpv(3iddr}V 
r&v 'AdrjvaiGjv, urj ocbdg dnoXiTrovreg oix^vrai. 

Aey erai d' vno rivojv, rbv fiev QeuioronXea irepl rovrov 20 
dnb rov naraorp&fiarog dvoy&ev rrjg vecbg diaXeyeodai, 
yXavfca d' 6§$r\vai dianerofievrjv eni rd de^id ru>v veCJv, 
nai rolg napx^oioig eTUKa-di^ovoav di' b dij nal \idXiara 
irpooedevro rr\ yvcouq, nal TrapeoKevd^ovro vav^ax^ovreg. 
'A/U/ eirel rcjv txoXe\l'uav 6 oroXog, rxf 'Armey /card rb 25 
QaXrjpittbv TrpoocpepSnevog, rovg irepi^ dneitpvipev alyiaX- 
ovg, avrog re fiaoiXevg fierd rov ne^ov arparov Kara(3dg 
enl rrjv ddXaooav aftpovg ejebdr], rcjv dvvdaecjv oaov 
yevojievG)V, e^eppvr\nav ol rov QeutorofcXeovg Xoyoi rdv 
''EXXrjvov, nal ndXiv eTrdnraivov ol UeXonovvrjacoi 7rpbg30 
rbv 'lodubv, el rig dXXo ri Xeyoi xaXenaivovreg. 'Eddfcei 
de TTJg vvnrbg dnox^pelv nal nap7]yyeXXero irXovg rolg 
Kvj3epvrjraig. "Evda 6rj (3apeo)g cbepov 6 QefiiGrofcXfjg, el 
rr\v dnb rov ronov nal rtiv arevdv rrpoeuevoi (Sorj'&eiav 
ol "EXXrjveg diaXv&rjoovrai tcard rroXeig, e/3ovXevero Kal 35 
ovveri&ei rrjv irepl rov Iikivvov irpayfiareiav. r Rv de 



128 IV. FROM THE LIFE OF THEMISTOCLES. 

rw yevec HepGTjg 6 StKivvog, alx^dXcorog, evvovg de tg> 
QefiiorofcXeZ, Kal rcov reKvcov avrov naidaycoybg. "Ov 
EfcnefiTrei, rrpbg rbv HepGTjv Kpvcpa, KeXevGag Xeyeiv, ore 
QefiLoroicXrjg, 6 rcov 'A-&r)vaicov Grparrjybg, alpovpevog rd 
5 ftaGtXecog, e^ayyeXXei irpcorog avrco rovg "~EXXr]vag airo- 
SidpaGKOvrag, Kal diaKeXeverai fii] napelvai cpvyelv av- 
rolg, dXX' ev cp rapaGGOvrai rcov rce^cov %<*)pig bvreg, 
eTudeodai Kal dia<p-&elpai rr\v vavriKr\v dvvajuv. Tavra 
d' 6 Aep^Tjg cog an' evvoiag XeXey\ieva Se^d^evog, tjg&j], 

10 Kal reXog evtivg e^etyepe rrpbg rovg i\ye\i6vag rcov vecov, 
rag (j,itv dXXag v:Xr\povv aa& rjGvx^av, diaKOGiaig 6' dva%- 
■fyevrag r\8r\ Trepil3aXeG-&ac rbv nupov ev kvkXco ndvra, Kal 
dia^coGai rag vrjoovg, oncog EKcpvyx} firjdelg rcov Txo7^e\iicov . 
Ovrcog ol "RXXrjveg eKivrfor\Gav dvdyKq rrpbg rbv klvSwov. 

15 "A\ia 6' 7\\iEpa Aepfyg \jlev avco Kadijoro rbv oroXov 
errorrrevcov Kal rrjv rrapdra&v, cog p,ev $avod7]fi6g tprjGiv, 
vrrep rb 'HpaKXecov, ^ Ppaxel rropco dieipyerai rr\g 'Ar- 
riKrjg ?] vrjGog, cog d' 'AKEGrodcopog , ev fieftopLcp rrjg Meyap- 
idog, vrrep rcov KaXovfievcov Kepdrcov, xpvGovv dlcppov 

20 tiefievog, Kal ypa\i\iarelg rroXXovg rrapaGrr]Gd\ievog, cov 
epyov r\v drroypd§eG$ai Kara rrjv \id%r\v rd rrparrbfieva. 

ILepl de rov rrXrjdovg rcov (3apf3apiKcov vecov AtGxvXog 
6 7TOi7)r7Jg, ev rpaycodia UepGaig, Xeyei ravra m 

Zep^xi ds (Kal yap olSa) X 1 ^ 1 ^ ¥^ v V v 
25 Necov rb rrXrjtiog- at 6' vrrepKO\irroi rdx^i 

'EKarbv dig r\Gav, errrd ■&' * cod' ex EL Xoyog' 

rcov 6* 'ArriKcov, eKarbv oydorjKOvra rb rrXij'&og ovgcov, 
eKaGrr) rovg drrb rov KaraGrpcojiarog \iaxo\ievovg oKrco- 
KaideKa el^ev cov ro^orai reGGapeg rjGav, ol Xoirrol 6' 

30 brcXlrai. AoKel 6' ovx vjrrov ev rbv Kaipbv 6 Qe/MGro- 
KXrjg, rj rbv ronov, cvvidcov Kal cpvXd^ag, firj nporepov 
dvrinpcopovg KaraGrr\Gai ralg (3ap(3apiKalg rag rpiijpecg, 
r\ rr\v elcotivlav topav rrapayeveGdai., rfjv rb rrvevfia Xaft- 
npbv eK ireXdyovg del Kal Kv\x.a did rcov GrevCov KardyovG- 

35 av b rag [lev ''EXXqviKag ovk e(3Xanre vavg, dXirevelg 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 129 

ovoag Kal raneivorepag, rag 6e (3ap(3apiKag, ralg re npvfi- 
vaig dveor&oag Kal rolg Karaorpufiaocv vipopotyovg Kal 
fiapef.ag enMpepofievag eccpaXXe npoanlnrov, Kal napedidov 
nXayiag rolg "YiXXr\aiv o^eojg npou<^epo\ikvoig, Kal tw Qep,- 
laroKXel npooexovGLv, (bg bpCdvn \idXiara rb Gvp,(pepov. 5 

Tov 6s dyiovog rjdrj noXv npopefirjKorog, (pug fisv eKXdjx- 
ipat \iiya Xeyovoiv 'F.Xevoivofiev, r\x ov °*e KaL 4 >G)V V V ro 
Qpidoiov Karexzw nedlov, &xpi rr\g daXdocrjg, &>g dvdpio- 
tt(i)v dfiov noXXdv rbv \ivoriKbv egayayovrojv "laKxov. 
'E/e (5e rov nXr]-&ovg ru>v (p-^eyyofievoiv Kara \iiKpbv dnb 10 
yr\g dvacpepdjievov ve<pog edo^ev avfttg vnovoorelv Kal 
KaraoKrjirreiv elg rag rpirjpeig. "Erepoi 6e (bdofiara Kal 
eldoXa Kadopav edo^av evonXo)v dvdptiv, an' Alylvrjg rag 
%elpag dvexovrov npb rCdv 'EXXtjvikCjv rpirjpGiv ovg 
etKafrv Alamdag elvai, napaKEKXr\\ievovg evx^lg irpb rr\g 15 
[idx^g enl rrjv (3or}$£iav. UpCbrog p,ev ovv Xafifldvec vavv 
AvKOjirjdrjg, dvrjp 'Adrjvalog, Tpnjpapx&v, Tjg rd napdarjua 
Trepucoilias dvsi3rjKF.v 'AtcoXXgjvl 6a(pvrj(p6pa). Ol 6' dXXoi 
rolg (3ap(3dpotg e^ioov\ievoi rb nXrjdog ev orevib, Kara fiepog 
npoa<pepo\ievovg Kal nepintnrovrag dXXr\Xoig erpexpavro, 20 
\ifXP 1 du^ 7 )? dvno'xbvrag, d>g etprjKS 2ip,G)vid7]g, rr\v KaXr\v 
eK£iV7]v Kal TTepLporjrov dpd\ievoi vlktjv, rjg ovd' "EXXtjoiv, 
ovre (3ap(3dpoig evdXiov epyov elpyaorai Xafinporepov, 
avdpeia fiev Kal npotivfiia KOLvrj rCJv vavfiaxqo'dvrcjv, 
yvufi'd 6e Kal deivonryri Qep,ioroKXeovg. 25 

HoXecov fj,ev ovv rr\v Alyivrjr&v dpicrevaai (prjoiv 'HpdcJ- 
orog, Qep,ioroKXel 6e, Kainep aKovreg vnb (jy&ovov, ro 
nporelov dnedocav anavreg. 'Euet yap avax^pi\oavreg 
elg rbv 'Io$p,bv dnb rov (3o^ov rr\v iprj(pov ecpepov ol 
orparrjyol, npwrov p,ev eKaorog eavrbv dne&aivev apery, 30 
devrepov 6e //£#' eavrbv QejiioroKXea. AaKedaifiovwi 6e 
elg rr\v Sndprrjv avrbv Karayayovreg, T&vpvfiidd'q p,ev 
avdpeiag, eKeivcd 6e oocplag dpiarelov edoaav, -daXXov 
cre<pavov ■ ital riov Kara rr\v noXiv appdruv rb nptorevov 
eduprjoavro, Kal rpiaKoalovg r&v veo)v nofinovg axpt r&v 35 
bpojv cvve^inep/^av '. Aeyerai <5', 'OXvp,niG)v r£)v e<pe%7jg 



130 V. FROM THE LIFE OF CIMON. 

dyofievcov, nai napeX&ovrog eig rb arddiov rov Qe/iioroK. 
Xeovg, d\ieXr\Gavrag twv dyuviortiv rovg napovrag, oXrjv 
rr)v rjfjiepav enelvov deaoftai, nai rolg %evoig emdentvveiv, 
djia davpa^ovrag Kai Kporovvrag • cjore nai avrbv 7)o&ev~ 
5 ra npbg rovg (plXovg o^oXoyrjuai rbv Kapnbv d-ni^tiv rCdv 
vnep rrjg 'EXXddog avrti Tvovrj^evrov. 

V. CIMON. 

K£fj,G)v 6 MiXriddov, ovre roXfirj MiXriddov Xemdjjievog, 
ovre ovveaei Qep,iaroKXeovg, dmaiorepog dfi(f>olv bfioXo- 
yelrai yeveotiai, nai ralg iroXejiiKaig ovde fiiKpbv dnodeoyv 

10 dperalg eiceivuv, d\ir)xavov ° aov EV TaL S TtoXiriKalg vrrep- 
/3aXeo$ai, veog wv en nai TroXeficov aneipog. "Ore yap 
rbv drjfiov, ettwvtgjv Mrjdcjv, QefiioroKXrjg eneitie, 7TpoF.p,ev- 
ov rr)v iroXiv, nai rrjv %u>pav eftXnrovra, npb rr)g 2aXa- 
pXvog ev ralg vavol ra onXa $eo$ai, nai diayovieaodai 

15 Kara fidXaooav, einte'nX'i\yyb£vi*w tCjv ixoXXdv rb r6Xp,r\\ia, 
Trp&rog KifiG)v (30$?/ did rov ~Kepa}ieiKOv tpaiSpbg dvi&v 
elg rr)v dupoiroXtv fierd rcjv eralpojv, ittttov rivd xaXwbv 
dva-Belvai rxi #£w did xeip&v KOfii^ov d>g ovdev Imwcrjg 
dXKr\g, dXXd vavfidxw dvdptiv ev rc5 napovri rrjg noXeug 

20 deofievrjg. 'Avatieig 6e rbv x a ^ LV ° v i Kal Xafl&v en rcov 
Trepi rbv vabv Kpe\ia\iev^v doiridwv, nai 'npoaevt,d\ievog 
r%n deu), icare(3aivev eni tidXaooav, ovk bXiyoig apx^ tov 
dappelv yevofievog. r Hv 6e nai rr)v Ideav ov iiefinrbg, 
dXXd fieyag, noXXirj Kai ovXrj rpixi ko[igjv rr)v Ke(paXrjv. 

25 Qaveig 6e itar' avrbv rbv dyoJva Xa\inpbg nai dv6pG)6?]g, 
raxv dogav ev r%j nbXei fxer" 1 evvoiag eox ev -> ddpoi^ofieviov 
noXX&v Trpbg avrbv, Kai napaKaXovvrcov a%ia rov Mapa- 
fttdvog rjdrj diavoelo$ai nai npdooeiv. 'Op/j/fjaavra <5' av- 
rbv eni rrjv noXireiav aofievog 6 drftiog ede^aro, ical fieorbg 

30 cbv rov Qep,ioroKXeovg , dvrjye rcpbg rag \ieyicrag ev ry 
noXei rifiag Kai dpxdg, evdpfioarov hvra nai 7Tpoo<piXr) 
rolg iroXXoig, did npaorrjra nai dfyeXeiav. Oi>x yftiora 
(5' avrbv rjv^jaev ' 'Apioreidrjg 6 Avoijidxov, rr)v evcpvtav 
evoptiv toj rj-dei, nai noiovjievog olov dvri-rraXov rrpbg rr)v 

35 Qe\iioroK,Xeovg deivorrjra Kai rbXp,av. 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 131 

'Enel 6e, Mrjdcov (pvyovrov ek ri\g 'BXXddog, e'lrefupd?) 
arparrjyog Kara, ddXaaaav, ovttg) rrjv ap%r\v 'A-&i]vaio)V 
£X6vto)v, stl 6e liavoavia Kal AaKeSatfiovloLg enofievcjv, 
npojrov fiev ev ralg orparTjyiaig del napel^e rovg noXirag 
Koofiix) re davfiaorovg Kal npo-&vp,ia noXv ndvrcjv duxfrep- 5 
ovrag. "Eneira liavaaviov rolg fiev (3ap(3dpoig dcaXeyop,- 
evov nepl npodooiag, Kal (3aoiXel ypdcpovrog emoroXdg, 
rolg 6e av/ifidxoig rpax^g Kal av&ddoyg npoacpepofievov, 
Kal noXXd oY e^ovaiav Kal oynov dvoTjrov v[3pi£ovrog, 
vnoXa[i(3dv(ov npdcjg rovg dducovfievovg, Kal (ptXav&pcjncjg 10 
k^ofitXCjv, eXadev ov dC bnXcjv rf\v 'EXXddog r\ye\Loviav, 
dXXd Xoyo) teal 7J$et napeXofievog. Upooeridevro yap ol 
nXeloroi rojv ovfifidx^v etcelvo) re Kal 'Apioreidxi, rrjv 
XaXenorryra rov liavaaviov real vnepoipiav fifj (pepovreg. 

Klfj,G)v 6e, rdv ovfijidx^v rjdr) npoaKex(opr]K6r(x)v avrib, 15 
Grparr\ybg elg Qpdicrjv enXevoe, nvvdavdfievog, ILepo&v 
avdpag evdo^ovg, nai avyyevelg (3aocXeG)g, 'H'tova noXcv, 
enl tg> Srpvfiovt, K£i\ievr\v noraficp, Karexovrag, evoxXeiv 
rolg nepl rov ronov enelvov "YaXXtioiv. Uptirov fiev ovv 
\idxxi rovg liepoag avrovg evUrjae, Kal narenXeioev elg rrjv 20 
noXtv. "Uneira rovg vnep Lrpvfiova Qpanag, b$ev av- 
rolg kepoira olrog, dvaardrovg nottiv, Kal rr\v x<*>pav Tcapa- 
(pvXdrruv anaoav, elg roaavrr\v dnopiav rovg noXiop- 
Kovfj,evovg Karecrrjoev, cjore BovrrjVj rov j3aai,Xe(x)g arpar- 
rjyov, dnoyvovra rd npdy/iara, r^ noXei nvp evelvai, Kal 25 
ovvdiatydelpai \ierd r&v cpiXojv Kal rcjv xp^aroiv eavrov. 
Ovro) 6e Xaj3cbv rrjv noXiv, aXXo fiev ovdev d^iov Xoyov 
UKpeXrjdrj, rtiv nXeicruv rolg (3a.p(3dpotg ovyKaraKaevrov ■ 
rrjv 6e x<*>pav, ev(pveardrr\v ovaav Kal KaXXiorrjv, olK7\oai 
napedcoKe rolg ''A.d'qvaioLg. 30 

"Hdrj 6' evnoptiv 6 Klfioyv, e(f)66ta rr\g arparr\yiag a 
KaXoig and rcov noXeficcdv edot-ev (hcpeXTjodai, KaXXiov dvq- 
XiGKev elg rovg iroXlrag. Ttiv re yap dyp&v rovg <ppay- 
fiovg acpelXev, Iva Kal rolg %evocg Kal rCJv noXirtiv rolg 
deofjbevotg ddetig vndpxxi Xa\i$dveiv rfjg oncopag • Kal deln- 35 
vov oIkol nap 1 avrai, Xirbv p,ev, apKOvv 6e noXXolg, enoielro 



132 V. PROM THE LIFE OP CIMON. 

/sa#' rj/Aepav e0' o twv 7rev7]T(t)v 6 (3ovX6p,£Vog elcqet, ml 
6iarpo(f)i]V eIxev drrpdyfiova, \iovoig rolg drjfiooiotg gxoX- 
d%G)v. 'Qg 6' 'ApcGTOTiXrjg (prjoiv, ovx andv-wv 'A$7)- 
vaitov, dXXa rtiv dr\\LOT&v avrov AaKiadtiv rrapeoKevd^ero 
5 tw j3ovXop>£V(i) to ddrrvov. Avtu) 6e VEavioKot irapELnovro 
ovvr]$<*)g 6vo, rj rpdg, dfmexofjievoL KaXug- &v eftaorog, el 
rig ovvtvxoi tgj KifM*)vi r&v darcjv Trpeopvrepog, ?](i(f)iEG- 
fievog evde&g, dirniEifiEro npog avrov rd Ifidna. Kal to 
yivdfievov e<paivero ge\lvov. 01 6' avrol Kal vouiGfia 

10 KOfii^ovreg acpftovov, Trapiordfievoc rolg Kofixjjolg rdv ire- 
vrjTCJv ev dyopa, giojtt^ rdv K£pp,arlo)v kv£J3aXXov dg rag 
Xelpag. 

Tov fisyaXov fiaGiXEug ovddg ETanetvoae Kal gwegteiXs 
to <f)p6vr]fj,a \idXXov r\ Kip,G)V. Ov yap dvrjKEV ek rr\g 

15 'EXXadog aTTrjXXayfiEvov, dXX', cjo'nEp kit rcodbg Siukov, 
rrplv dianvEvaac Kal Grrjvai Toi)g (3ap(3dpovg, rd jjlev Eir6p-&£L 
Kal KaT£GTpe<f)£TO, rd 6' d<pLGT7) Kal TrpoarjyETO rolg f/ EA- 
Xtjgiv, g)gte rfjv an' 'loviag 'Aoiav dxpi ILafupvXiag nav- 
rdnaGi HepGLKoJv bnXwv epiftMooai. 

20 T Hp%£ fisv t(x)v (3aGiXiKu>v vecov Tc&pavGrrjg, tov 6e 7te£- 
ov, (bg [lev "Ecpopog Xsysc, <&£p£vddr7]g- KaXXiG&£V7)g 6e 
' ApiO[idvd7]v tov To)(3pvov ^>7]gI Kvgicjrarov bvra rrjg dv- 
vdfiscjg, napa tov RvpvfiEdovTa ralg vavol napopfidv, ovk 
bvra [idx£G$ai rolg "EXXtjgi npo-&vp,ov, dXXd npoodExofi- 

Q5evov oydorjKovra vavg QoiviGoag and Kvnpov npoGnXe. 
ovGag. Tavrag cfrdijvai /3ovX6jj,£Vog 6 Kiuuv dvrjx^i 
(3id^EG-&aL TzapEGKEvaGfiEVog, av EKOvrEg urj vavp,ax&Giv. 
Ol 6s nptirov uev, <hg [irj fliaG&ELEV, dg tov norap-bv 

ElGCJpfJiLGaVTO, npOG(f}£pOjJ,£VO)V 6t TCdV 'A$7]VaiG)V dvTE%- 

30 EnXsvGav, G)g laropel ^avodrj^og, k^aKOGiaig vavGlv, (hg 6' 
"Ecpopog, TTEVTTjKOVTa Kal TpiaKOGiaig. "Epyov ds Kara 
yovv ttjv -ddXaGGav ovdsv im' avrcov Enpax^ Trjg dvvdfi- 
eojg d%LOV, dXX' Evdvg elg ttjv yr\v aTTOOTp£<povT£g, e^ettitc- 
tov ol TTpoJTOL, Kal KaT£<p£vyov dg to iTE^bv Eyyvg rcapa- 

ZbTETayiiEvov ol 6e KaTaXa\L$avo\L£voi SiEcpdsipovTO fierd 
t£)v veCdV, 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 133 

Twi> tie ire&v e~TriKara(3dvr(*)v irpbg rrjv tidXaooav, fieya 
fiev epyov ecpaivero r& Kl[xg)vl rb (3id£eo$at rrjv dnbftaGLV, 
Kal KeK.fj,Tjfc6rag aK\ir\Gi Kal iroXXaTrXaoioig eirdyeiv rovg 
"EXXrjvag ■ bfiug de pu^rf Kal ^povr\\iari rov Kparelv bp&v 
eirrfpfievovg Kal rrpo^vfiovg b\.iboe x^pelv rolg f3ap(3dpoig, 5 
anel3ifta£e rovg bnXirag en -depfiovg rw Kara rrjv vav- 
\iaxiav dy&vi, [xerd Kpavyrjg Kal dpdfiov 7rpoc(f)epofievovg. 
'Ynoaravruv de r&v Tlepctiv Kal de^a^ievov ovk dyevv&g, 
Kparepd fidx^ ovvearrj • Kal rtiv ' A$rjvatG)v dvdpeg dyadoi 
Kal rolg d£,i&\Laoi TrpoJrot Kal diaTTpeireZg eneoov • ttoXXg) 10 
(5' dytivL rpe^d\ievoi rovg (3apj3dpovg eKreivov, elra qpovv 
avrovg re Kal OKTjvag navrodan&v xp7]fj,drG)v ye\iovaag. 
Ki[iG)v 6\ tioTTEp d$Xr)rfjg detvbg, r\\iepa \iia dvo Ka&qprjK&g 
aycwiofjiara, Kal rb fiev ev J>aXa^ivi ne^oiiaxta rb 6' ev 
HXaratalg vav\ia%ia irapeXrjXv&cbg rpbiraiov, enrjyovtaaro 15 
ralg vUatg, Kal rag bydorjKOvra Qotviooag rptr)peig, ai rr)g 
udxrjg dneXel(p$r)Gav, Kv-rrpo) 7Tpoa(3e(3XrjKevaL Trv&bfiev- 
og, did rdxovg l-nXevoev ovSev el66ro)v (3e(3aiov ovncj 
irepl rrjg fieifrvog Svvdfieojg r&v orparrjyojv, dXXd dvo- 
marcjg rjdrj Kal fiereupog exbvrov ■ %f Kal \iaXXov eKirXay- 20 
evreg, dncjXeaav rag vavg andoag, Kal r&v dvdptiv ol 
frXelaroL Gvvdie$$dpr\oav. 

Tovro rb epyov ovrog eranetvcjae rrjv yvcjfirjv rov 
fiaoiXebdg, wore ovv$eo-&ai rrjv nepL(36r)rov elpr\vr\v eKeiv- 
7]v, Ittttov [lev dpdfiov del rrjg 'EXXrjviKrjg dnexeiv -SaXdo- 25 
arjg, evdov de Kvaveo)V Kal XeXcdoviov p,aKpa vr\i Kal 
XaXKefifioXG) p,rj nXeeiv. 

VI. ALCIBIADES. 
Passages from the Life of Alcihiades. 
To rov 'AXKtfiiddov r)$og iroXXdg avo\ioibrr\rag npbg 
avrb Kal fieraj3oXdg enedeit-aro. Qvoei de ttoXXgjv bvrov 
Kal jieydXo)v natitiv ev avrcb, rb (f)iX6veiKov loxvporarov 30 
rjv, Kal rb tyiXoTzpGyrov, &g drjXov eon rolg iratdiKolg dno- 
\hvr\\LOvev\Laaiv . 'Ev fiev yap ro> iraXaieiv me^ofievog, 
vrrep rov firj neaelv dvayaydv rrpbg rb ordfia ra dfifxara 

M 



134 VI. FROM THE LIFE OF ALCIBIADES. 

rov mefrvvrog, olog i\v dcacpayelv rag xelpag. 'Afyevrog 
tie rr\v Xaj3fjv eksivov, Kal elirovrog, Adxveig, <b 'AXki/3i- 
ddrj, Kaddnep at yvvaineg' Ovk eyoye, elnev, dXV d>g ol 
Xeovreg. 
5 "Ere tie \iiKpbg &v enal&v aGrpaydXoig ev tgj orevonti. 
Trjg de (3oXfjg Ka f &7]KovG7)g elg avrov, d\ia%a (popricdv ercqei. 
liptirov [iev ovv eKeXeve Ttepi\ielvai rbv dyovra rb £evyog • 
vnemnre yap tj (3oXfj rijj Trapodcp ri\g d\id^7\g. M?) 7r«- 
dofievov tie <V dypoiKiav, dXX' endyovrog, ol p,ev dXXoi 

lOrraldeg dieoxov, 6 <F 'AXiufi Lading narabaX&v enl ordfia 
TTpb rov ^evyovg, nai naparelvag eavrbv, eKeXevev ovrcjg, 
el (3ovXerai, tice^eX'&elv . dare rbv p,ev av&pG)nov avatcpov- 
oat rb t,evyog ottlgo), tietGavra, rovg <T Idovrag eaixXay r\v at 
nai nerd ftorjg cvvdpajieZv npbg avrov. 

15 'E7ret d' elg rb \iav$dveiv rjKe, rolg fiev dXXoig vnrjKOve 
didaondXoig erueifctig, rb d' avXelv ecpevyev <bg dyevveg nai 
aveXevdepov . HXrjKrpov [lev yap nai Xvpag %prj(jiv ovdev 
ovre oxW aT0 S °^ r£ f^opep^g eXev&epa) TTpenovarjg dcafy-Sel- 
peiv, avXovg tie (pvGGJvrog av&pconov orofian nai rovg 

20 Gvvifteig dv irdw fioXig tiiayv&vai rb npoGwrrov. "~En tie 
ttjv p,ev Xvpav tg> ^jow/ieva) GVfKp'&eyyeG'&ai nai Gvvadeiv, 
rbv ti 1 avXbv eTnarojii^eLV nai dirocppdrreiv, endorov rr\v 
re §uvr\v nai rbv Xbyov a§aipov\ievov. AvXelrcjGav ovv, 
ecpT), Qrj(3atG)v iraldeg • ov yap laaai tiiaXeysG$ai • i\\iiv d& 

25 rolg 'A#7)vaioLg, (bg ol narepeg XeyovGiv, dpx^yercg 'A&7]va, 
Kal narpcoog 'AttoXXmv eariv • &>v rj fiev eppcipe rbv avXbv, 
6 de Kal rbv avXrjrrjv e^edeipe. Totavra Tral^ov d\ia Kal 
G7T0vdd^0)v 6 'AXKifitddrig avrov re rov fiaftrj/jiarog an- 
EGrrjae Kal rovg aXXovg. Taxv yap dtrjX'&ev 6 Xoyog elg 

30 rovg Traldag, (bg ev ttoi&v 6 'AXKiPcddrjg (3deXvrroiro rrjv 
avXrjriKrjv, Kal x^ ev ^ oi rov S liav&dvovrag' btiev egeneGe 
KOfudy rdv eXevftepuv diarpifitiv, Kal irpoerrrjXaKlGdT) irav- 
rdnaGLV 6 avXog. 

HeptKXel nore (3ovX6[ievog evrvxslv, enl tivpag rjXdev 

35 avrov. Hv^ofievog de p,7) GxoXdfrcv, dXXd GKonelv Ka& 
eavrbv, bnug dnodvGei Xbyov 'A&rjvaloig, amtiv 6 'AXki- 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 135 

fiiddqg, Elra, ecprj, (ieXnov ovk tjv OKonelv avrbv, oirctg 
ovk airoduoei Xbyov 'A-df/Ptuotg ; 

"Eri 6e \ieipaKiov cbv, eorparevoaro rr\v elg TLoridatav 
crpareiav, Kal 1o)Kpdrr] ovgkt}vov el^e, Kal irapaardrTjv 
ev rolg dydaiv. 'loxvpdg 6e yevo\ievr\g f^dx^g, 7}pLorevo- 5 
av fiev dfxcporepoc • rov d' ' 'AXKifltddov rpavfian TXEpnreo- 
ovrog, 6 2o)Kpdr7jg npoear?] Kal t\\lvve, Kal \idXiora 6r\ 
npodrjXcjg eaoaev avrbv fierd r&v ottXov. 'Eyivero fiev 
ovv ru> dtKaiordro) Xoyu SuKparovg rb dptarelov • eirel 6e 
oi arparrjyol did rb a%iu>\ia ru> 'AA/^tad^ oirovbd^ovreg 10 
e<palvovro nepf&elvac rr\v dogav, 6 I.G)Kpdr7]g (3ovX6fj,evog 
av^ea-^at rb §iX6ri\LOv ev rolg KaXolg avrov, up&rog efiap- 
rvpet Kal irapsKaXei are(f>avovv sksZvov Kal didovai rr\v 
TravonXlav. 

HpuTTjv d' avr& ndpodov elg rb 6r\\xbaiov yeveo-dai, Xey- 15 
ova \ierd xprjfidrov eiudooeug, ovk £k napaoKevrjg, dXXd 
napcovra, &opv(3ovvTG)v , A-&rjvai<ov, epeodai rr\v alrlav 
rov &opv(3ov ■ nv$6[ievov 6e, xp^^drov kmdooiv yivea-bai, 
napeXtielv Kal erudovvai- rov 6e drjfiov Kporovvrog Kal 
fiotivrog, v0' r\6ovr)g e-rnXaModat rov oprvyog, bv ervy- 20 
Xavev ex^v ev rw Ifiarlo). Hro7]$evrog dbv Kal diacf)- 
vybvrog, en fiaXXov EK$07)cai rovg 'A&rjvaiovg, iroXXovg 
Kal ovvdrjpav dvaordvrag, Xabelv d' avrbv 'Avrtoxov rbv 
Kvfiepvrjrqv, Kal drrodovvaf dib Kal TrpoofaXeorarov rQ> 
'AXKipLadrj yeveodai. 25 

Al d' Irnrorpocpiai, rrept[36r]roc fiev eyevovro Kal ru> ttXtj- 
$ec twv apfidrcjv ■ enrd yap aXXog ovdelg Ka{tiJKev 'OXvfi- 
tndoiv ldiwri]g, ovde (3aotXevg, fiovog d' eKelvog. Kal 
rb viKr\cai 6e Kal devrepov yeveadat Kal reraprov, &g 
QovKvdidrjg (prjolv, b 6' 'Evpnridrjg, rpirov, v7zep(3dX?,eL 30 
Xafinp6r7]ri, Kal do^xi traaav rrjv ev rovroig ^iXonjuav. 
Aeyet 6* 6 EvptTTidTjg ev rib aafxarc ravra ■ 2e d' delaouac, 
w KXeLvcov Tral' KaXbv a viKa- KaXXiarov d' (0 \ir\6elg 
dXXog 'EXXdvuv), appari nptira 6pa[ielv, Kal devrepa Kai 
rpira. 35 

'Efret d' d<br\Kev avrbv elg r^v noXireiav ere peipduov 



136 VII. DEATH OF ALCIBIADES. 

&v, rovg fiev dXXovg ev$vg eraneivoae drjfjLayoyyovg, dy&va 
<P stye ixpog re $aiaita rbv 'Epaoiorpdrov, Kal Nt/ciav rbv 
NiKTjpdTov rbv fiev, rfdrj Ka$' i\XiKiav TrporjitovTa, nal 
crparrjybv aptorov elvai doKOvvra • QaiaKa c5' dp%6fievov ', 
5&oirep avrbg, avt-dveotiat tote, Kal yvupifMDV bvra ttclt- 
epov, eXarrovfievov de rolg r' dXXoig Kal rrepl rbv Xoyov. 
*~E,vrevKriKbg yap idta Kal 7U$avbg edoKei fiaXXov, rj (pepecv 
dydvag ev drffiG) dvvarog. r Kv yap, G)g HvnoXlg <p7]Gt, 
AaXelv apiorog, ddvvarurarog Xeyeiv. 

10 T Hv de rig "TrreppoXog Uepi'doldTjg, ov fiefivrpai fiev tig 
dvdpcjTzov TTOvrjpov Kal QovKvdldrjg, rolg de KG)fiiKolg bfiov 
ri naac diarpLprjv, del OK(onr6fievog ev rolg tiedrpoig, 
Txapel%ev. "Arpenrog de ixpbg rb Kafcug duovetv nal 
dna'&rjg cov, oXiyopla doi-rjg, ovdevl fiev rfpeoKev, expijro 

15 6' avrco 'noXXdmg b drffiog, emfivfiGiv 7Tpon7]Xatci£eiv rovg 
ev d^icjfiari nal GVKO(pavrelv. 'Avanei.G'delg ovv im' 
avrov rore, rb barpanov enc^epecv efieXXev, & KoXovovreg 
del rbv Trpovxovra dbfy nal dvvdfiei ra>v noXir&v eXavv- 
ovoi, napafiv&ovfievoi rbv <pdovov fiaXXov r\ rbv (po(3ov. 

20 'ETret de dijXov r\v, on evl rtiv rpi&v rb borparcov knoto- 
ovai, Gvvrjyaye rag ardoeig elg ravrbv b 'AXkl(3 "iddr\g, 
Kal, diaXex&elg npbg rbv Nitdav, Kara rov 'TnepfSoXov 
rrjv barpanocpopiav erpeipev. 

VII. ALCIBIADES. 

Death of Alcibiades. 

f A$7]valoi x a ^ e ™S fiev ecpepov rr\g i\ye\ioviag diroorepr}- 

25 $evreg . 'Errel de Kal rrjv eXevdepiav d(f>eX6fievog avrdv 

6 Avoavdpog dvdpdoi rpiaKovra napedotKe rr\v ttoXlv, olg 

ovk expr]oavro Gdo^eG'&aL dvvdfievoi XoyiGfiolg, dnoXoXo- 

twv rjdrj r&v Trpayfidroiv, ovvleoav, oXocpvpbfievoi Kal 

diegcovreg rag dfiapriag avrtiv Kal dyvoiag • &v fieylarrjv 

30 eiroiovvro rrjv devrepav rrpbg 'AXKi(3Lddr)V opyrjv. 'Arrep- 

pi(f)7) yap ovdev ddiKoJv avrbg, dXX' vmyperq %aXeTti]vavreg 

QXiyag dnofiaXovri vavg alaxp&g, a'loxLov avrol rbv Kpd- 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. W7 

narov Kal noXefiiKurarov d<peiXovro rrjg noXeoyg arparr)- 
yov. "En d' ovv bpwg en rdv napovrow dve(f>epe rtg 
kXrxlg dfivdpd, fir) iravrdiraaiv eppeiv rd npdyfiara r&v 
'A$7)vai(t)v, 'AXfufiiddov ixepiovrog. Ovre yap irporepov 
Tjydnrjoe (pevyuv dnpayfiovug £ir}v Kal fie$' rjovxtag, ovre 5 
vvv, el rd fca$' eavrbv Itcavtig e%oi, Trepioiperai AaKedai- 
fiovlovg v(3pi£ovrag, Kal rovg rpiaKovra napocvovvrag. 
Tavra d' ovk t)v dXoyov oveiponoXelv ovro) rovg noXXovg, 
brxore Kal rolg rpidnovra (ppovri^etv ervfiei Kal dcanvv- 
■ddveo'&ai, Kal Xoyov exeiv txXelorov o>v melvog enparre 10 
Kal dtevoelro. TeXog de Kptrlag edidaoKe Avoavdpov, 
&g ovk eorai, 'A-&7]valojv dr\\ioKparov\iev^v ', docpaXtig dp- 
%eiv AaKedaifiovlocg rrjg 'JZXXddog' 'Adijvaiovg de, Kav 
rrpacjg ixdvv Kal KaX&g rrpbg oXiyapxtav ex^oiv, ovk edoei 
£g5v ' AXKL(3cd6r]g drpe/ielv enl rtiv Kafteortirov . Ov \ir\v 15 
enelo'&rj ye rxporepov rovroig 6 Avaavdpog, rj rcapd r&v 
oIkol reXdv OKvrdXrjv eX&elv, KeXevovoav eKnodtiv Troir)- 
caodai rbv ' AXKi$iddr\v • elre KaKeivuv <po(3r]-&evrG)V rr)v 
o^vrrjra Kal \ieyaXoiTpay\ioavvr\v rov dvdpbg, elre tw 
'Ayi-dt, xapi£ofievo)v. 20 

'tig ovv 6 Avaavdpog enefiipe rrpbg rbv $>apvd(3a£ov 
ravra npdrreiv KeXevcov, 6 de MayatG) re tg> ddeX(p£) Kal 
liOvaafiL^py tg> -deitd npooerai-e rb epyov, erv^e p,ev ev 
K(ourj rivl rrjg $pvyiag 6 ' AXKLpiddrjg rore diairojp.evog, 
ex(x>v Tipdvdpav per' avrov rr)v eraipav. — 0/ de nep,(p$ev- 25 
reg irpbg avrov ovk eroX\ir\aav eloeXftelv, dXXd kvkXg) rrjv 
olKtav irepLoravreg eveixi\irxpaaav. Alo$6fj,evog d' 6 'AX" 
Ki(3idd7]g, rdv fiev Ifiarlov rd ixXelara Kal ru>v orp(Dfj,drG)V 
owayaycjv, erreppii^e rCd rxvpi. T37 d' dpiarepa %eipl rrjv 
eavrov %Xa\ivda rrepceXi^ag, r^ de de^ia Gnaadfievog to 30 
eyxeipldwv, et-eneoev aTca-&r)g vnb rov ixvpbg, nplv t) dia* 
(pXeyeG'&ai rd Ifidria, Kal roijg /3ap(3dpovg 6(p$elg diecKeda- 
aev. Ovdelg yap vrceiietvev avrov, ovd' elg x EL P a ^ GvvrjX- 
-&ev, dXX' drroardvreg e(3aXXov aKOvrioig Kal ro^ev\iaoiv. 
Ovro) d' avrov neoovrog, Kal rtiv pap(3dpo)v drreX'&dvrcjv, 35 
7) Tifxdvdpa rbv veKpbv dvelXero, Kal rolg avrrjg rrepc- 
M2 



138 VIII. FROM THE LIFE OF PERICLES. 

paXovaa Kai TrepiKaXvipaoa %it(aviokoi<;, ek t&v Trapovrw 
lKf)devGe Xafinptig Kai (juXoriiiGig., 

VIII. PERICLES. 

Beginning of the Peloponnesian War. 

'EveflaXov elg rrjv 'Attiktjv Grparti (xeydXo) Aane- 

dai\iovioi fierd tgjv ovfip&xwv, 'Apxiddfiov rov (3aot,XeG)g 

5 qyovfievov, Kai drfiovvreg rrjv %&pav nporjX'&ov elg 'Axap- 

vdg, nal KareoTparoTreSevaav, tig tg~)v 'A&rjvaiGJv ovk 

avet-ofievcdv, dXX' vtt' 6pyr)g Kai <^povr\\iarog dia\iaxov\iev- 

G)V npbg avrovg. To) de UepucXel deivbv efyaivero npbg 

ei-aKLOfivpiovg UeXonovvrjGiG)v Kai Bolg)tg)v oirXirag (tog- 

10 ovtol yap rjoav ol to nptirov e^aXovreg) vnep avrrjg 
rrjg TroXeog [idx^v awdtpat • rovg de (3ovXofievovg fxd^so- 
■&ai, Kai dvona-Sovvrag irpbg rd ywdfieva, Kareirpavve 
Xeycov, tjg devdpa fiev rarj^evra Kai Korrevra (pverac 
raxeog, dvdpcjv de dia(f)-&apevrG)v avdig rir^eZV ov padiov 

15 egti. Tbv de drjfjiov elg eKKXrjGiav ov Gvvrjye, dedicjg 
fiLao&rjvaL napd yvcofirjv, dXX' tjonep ve&g Kv(3epvrjrr)g, 
dveuov Kanovrog ev ireXdyei, -^e/ievog ev rrdvra Kai Kara- 
retvag rd onXa, xprjrai r%f rexvq, daKpva Kai derjaeig em- 
fiartiv vavTi&VTGiv Kai (pofiovpevov edoag, ovrojg eKelvog, 

20 to r' darv ovyKXeioag, Kai KaraXafScbv ixdvra (pvXaKalg 
rrpbg do<j)dXeiav, exprjro rolg avrov Xoyta^olg, j3paxsa 
(fypovri^Giv tgjv KaTa6o(ovTO)v Kai dvox^paivbvrG)V . Kalroc 
noXXol fiev avrov r&v <piXo)V deop,evoi npooeKeivro, tcoX- 
Xol de tgjv ex&pti v aneiXovvreg Kai Karrryopovvreg • ttoX- 

25 Xol 6' ydov aafiara Kai OKUfifiara trpbg aloxvvrjv, e(pv(3pt^- 
ovreg avrov rrrv OTparrjyiav, &g dvavdpov Kai 'npo'ie\ievr\v 
rd npdyp-ara rolg noXefiioig. > 'Ene<pvero de Kai KXeov, 
rjdrj did rrig rcpbg eKelvov bpyr)g tgjv ttoXitgjv iropevofievog 
em rr)v drj/jiay G)y lav. 

30 JlXr\v vtt j ovdevbg eKivr)§r\ r&v toiovtgjv 6 TlepiKXr)g, 
aXXd 7rp&G)g Kai glott^ rrjv adot-iav Kai rr\v dnex^eiav 
vfaoTdfievog, Kai vecjv eKarbv enl rr)v IleXonovvrjcrov 
gtqXov eKnefj,TT(ov, avrbg ov ovve^enXevoev, dXX' epeivev 



HISTORY AND BTOGRAPKY. 139 

olicovpuv Kal did %eipb<; e%(x)v rr)v TtoXiv, eo)g anr\XXdyr\- 
oav ol UeXoTTOvvrjotoc. Qepanevojv 6e rovg noXXovg, 
oXog doxdXXovrag em rti TroXeficp, dcavofialg re %pr\\LaTU>v 
dveXd\i$ave, Kal KXrjpovxlag dviypa<pev. Alyivrjrag yap 
e^eXdoag anavrag, dLevei[ie rrjv vfjoov 'A'Brjvalov rolg 5 
Xaxovoiv. r Hv 6e rig naprjyopia Kal d(f>' &v enaoxov ol 
TToXejiiOt. Kal yap ol TxepaxXeovreg rrjv HeXonovvrjOov, 
Xupav ~£ TroXXrjv, KGjpag re Kal iroXeig fxiKpag dienop- 
"&r)oav. Kal Kara yr\v avrbg enftaXow elg rrjv MeyaptKTjv, 
ecptieipe naoav. T Rc Kal SrjXov r)v, on iroXXd fiev dptivreg 10 
KaKd rovg 'A&rjvatovg, noXXd 6e Trdoxovreg vtt' metvov 
eK ftaXdGorjg, ovk av elg firjKog iroXefiov rooovrov 7Tpov(3rj- 
oav, dXXd raxeug dnelrcov, doirep e% dpx^g o ILepLKXijg 
nporjyopevoev, el fir) ri datfioviov vnevavridj-di] rolg dvdpdi- 
mvoig XoyiOfioZg. 15 

IX. PERICLES. 
Death of Pericles. 

Tov UeptKXeovg rjSrj rrpbg rep reXevrav bvrog, TrepiKaft- 
rjfievot rcjv noXtrtiv ol fieXrcoroi, Kal rdv 6lXo)v ol irepc- 
ovreg, Xoyov eixoiovvro rr)g dperr)g Kal rr)g 6vvdfieo)g, bor\ 
yevocro, Kal rag irpd^eig dvefierpovvro, Kal rtiv rponalojv 
rb 7rXr)dog. 'Evvea yap r\v a crparrjy&v Kal vlkCjv eorrj- SO 
oev vnep rr)g noXecjg. Tavra, (hg ovKeri ovvievrog, dXXd 
Kadqprftievov rr)v alo$r]Oiv avrov, dceXeyovro repbg dX- 
Xr)Xovg- 6 6e iraoiv ervyxave rbv vovv Trpooeox^KCdg, 
Kal (f)$ey%dfjLevog elg fieoov, etprj $av\idZ,eiv , ore ravra fiev 
errai.vovOLV avrov Kal \ivr\\iovevovaiv , a Kal npbg ri>xr)V 25 
earl Kotvd, Kal yeyovev ijdrj iroXXolg orparrjyolg • to 6e 
KaXXiorov Kal \ieyiorov ov Xeyovotv. Ovdelg yap, e(p7}, 
oV efie rtiv ovrov 'A-Srjvaluv \ieXav Ifidnov irepiepdXero. 

Qavfiaarbg ovv 6 dvrjp ov \16vov rr)g emeiKeiag Kal 
7rpa6rr]rog, r\v ev ixpdyfiaoi iroXXolg Kal fieydXaig dnex- 30 
■deiaig dterrjprjaev, dXXd Kal rov (ppovrjfiarog, el rtiv avrov 
KaXdv rryelro fieXriorov elvai rb \ir\re (proved, firjre $v[j,<I) 



140 X. END OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR. 

Xppicaoftai firjdev and rr]XiKavrr]g 6vvdfieo)g, p,r]6e xp7\<mo- 
•dai rivi twv ex&p&v &g avrjneoTG). 

X. LYSANDER. 
End of the Peloponnesian War, and the Taking of Athens. 

'Ek de rovrov irXeayv 6 Avaavdpog enl rag noXeig, 'A#?7- 
vaiov fiev olg eiurvftoi, eKeXeve irdvrag eig 'Adrjvag 
5 an Lev at • QeioecftaL yap ovdevbg, dXX' dnoo~(pd$;etv •, ov av 
ei-G) Xdj3rj rrjg rroXeog. Tavra d' enparre ical GvvrjXavvev 
anavrag eig to darv, povXbfMevog ev r%f noXei ra%v Xi\ibv 
iaxvpbv yeveoftat teal crndviv, cmug fir) npdyfiara napd- 
o%oiev avTGJ rrjv noXiopKiav evnopojg vnofievovreg. Kara- 

10 Xvcov de rovg dfjaovg, Kal rag aXXag noXireiag, eva fiev dp- 
fioorrjv eKaarrj AaKedaiaovtov KareXme, dina d' apxovrag 
eic t£)v vn' avrov ovyKeKporr}p,evo)v Kara noXiv eraipiCdV. 
~Kal ravra npdrrov bfioiwg ev re ralg noXefiiaig Kal ralg 
avfifidxoig yeyevr\\ievaig TroXeot, napenXei oxoXalcog, rpbn- 

15 ov riva KaraoKeva^ouevog eavrti rrjv rrjg ( ~E,XXddog rjyefi- 
oviav. Ovre yap dpiorivdrjv ovre nXovrivdrrv dnedecK- 
vve rovg apxovrag, dXX' eraipiaig Kal %eviaig %api^6\i- 
evog rd rrpdyuara, Kal Kvpiovg ttolgjv rifirjg re Kal KoXdo- 
eog, noXXalg de napayivbfievog avrbg o(payalg, Kal ovv- 

20 eK/3dXXo)v rovg rojv tpiXojv k%$povg, ovk emeiKeg edidov 
rolg "FjXXtjol delyfia rrjg AaKedaifioviuv apxrjg. 'AXXd 
Kal 6 KCdfMKog QeonofiTcog eoiKe Xrjpelv, dnetKa^oyv rovg 
AaKedaifioviovg ralg KaniiXiotv, on rovg "EXXrjvag rjdia- 
rov rrorbv rrjg eXevfteptag yevaavreg, bt-og evex^av. ~E,v- 

25#£f yap r)v rb yevfia dvox^peg Kal mitpbv, ovre rovg 
drjuovg Kvpiovg rtiv npayudrodv e&vrog elvai rov Avadv- 
dpov, Kal rojv 6Xlyo)v rolg -dpauvrdroig Kal (pcXovetKord- 
roig rag noXeig eyxet-plfrvrog. 

Aiarplipag de rrepl ravra xpovov ov noXvv, Kal Trponep,- 

30 ipag eig AaKedaifiova rovg dnayyeXovvrag, brt, npoanXel 
fiera vedv dtaKOGtuiv, ovvefit^e irepl rrjv 'ArriKrjv "Aytdi 
Kal Havoavla rolg fiaoiXevoiv, edg raxv ovvatpfjacov rr)v 
ttoXlv. 'Enel 6' avrelxov ol 'Adrjvaloi, Xa(3(bv rag vavg 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 141 

ndXiV elg 'Aoiav diercepaoe, Kai rdv fiev aXXa)V noXew 
SfiaXtig dnaotiv KareXve rag rroXcrelag, Kai Ka-^iorr] dena- 
dapxiag, rroXXCdv \iev ev knaoTt] o^arrofievcjv, rroXXtiv de 
(pevyovruv, ^a^iovg de ndvrag eKfiaX&v, TrapedcjKe rolg 
(pvydac rag TroXetg. — "H(% de rovg ev Hotel Katctig ex uv 5 
imb Xl\jlov irvvdavoftevog, KareirXevoev elg rbv ILeipaiti' 
Kai irapeorrjoaro rr\v ttoXlv, dvayKaofteloav ecf)' olg eaelvog 
e/ceXeve, TToir\oao$ai rag dtaXvoeig. 

'O d' ovv Avoavdpog, tig rrapeXafie rag re vavg arrdoag, 
TtXrjv 6d)6efca, Kai rd reixrj rCov 'A-&rjvaio)v, etcry em 10 
denary Movvvxitivog firjvbg, ev % nai rr\v ev SaXafrivc 
vavpaxiav evinwv rbv (3dpj3apov, ej3ovXevoev evdvg Kai 
rr\v uoXireCav \ieraorr\oai. Avorrec&Cjg de Kai rpaxeog 
(pep6vro)v, dnoorecXag irpbg rbv dijfiov, e<pr], rr\v ttoXlv 
eiXr]<f)evaL rrapaorrovdovoav • eordvai yap rd reixi), r&v 15 
rjfieptiv, ev alg edec Ka$%ipr\o$ai, ixap^x r \\ h ^ v ^ v ' zTepav 
ovv e% dpx^g rcpodrjoeiv yv&\n]v ixepi avrtiv, (bg rag b\io- 
Xoylag XeXvKortdV. "~Eviol de Kai irporeftrivaL (paocv d)g 
dXrjdcjg vnep dvdpairodiofiov yvu)/x7)v ev rolg ov\i\idxoig' 
ore Kai rbv Q7]/3acov 'Epcavdov eloqyrjoaodai, rb fiev 20 
uorv KaraoKaibai, rr\v de x^P av dvelvai [i7]X6(3orov. Etra 
fievroc ovvovoiag yevojievrjc: r&v riyefMOVQV, Kai -napu 
irorov TLvbg ^o)Keo)g aoavrog ek ri\g Evpirridov 'HXeKrpag 
rijv rrdpodov, rjg rj dpxr) ■ 

' Ay afiejivovog & Kopa, rjXv&ov, 'KXeKrpa, 25 

Ilort odv ayporeipav avXdv 

irdvrag eniKXao'&r)vaL, Kai <\>av7)vai oxerXiov epyov, rrjv 
ovroyg ei)KXed Kai roiovrovg dvdpag (pepovoav dveXelv 
Kai diepydoaoftai tcoXiv. 

'O (T ovv Avoavdpog, evdovroyv r&v *A$7)vaiG)v rrpbg^O 
arravra, noXXdg [lev e$- aoreog fieranefiipafievog avXrjrpl. 
dag, Trdoag de rag ev tgj orparonedo) ovvayay&v, rd reixr\ 
KO.reoKanre, Kai rag rpirjpeig Kare(pXeye npbg rbv avXbv, 
eore<pavG)fievG)v Kai naL^ovrov d\ia r&v ov\i^dx^v^ &g 
kKeivr\v ttjv r'jfJLepav apxovoav rr\g eXev&epiag. HUvtivg de 35 



142 . xi. phocion. 

Kal rd nepl rrjv noXireiav eKivrjae, rpiaKovra fiev ev aorei, 
dim 6' ev ILeipcueZ Karo,Gr?)oag apxovrag, e[i6aXo)v 6e 
<ppovpdv elg rr)v aKpbnoXiv, Kal KaXXi(3iov apuoarrjv, 
avdpa HirapridrTjv, emorrjaag. 'Etirel 6e ovrog AvrbXv- 
5 kov rbv d-&X7]T7]v, rr)v (3aitT7]piav diapapevog, naioeiv 
efieXXev, 6 6e, rcov okeXgjv ovvapdfievog, dverpeipev av- 
rbv, ov avvrjyavaKrrjaev 6 Avaavdpog, dXXd Kal eneri- 
fj,7]ae, (prjoag, ovk emoraoftai rbv KaXXlftiov eXevdepuv 
apxeiv. 'AXXd rbv AvroXvKOv ol rpiaKovra, to) KaA- 
10 Xi(3iG) %apL%6iievoi, \iiKpbv varepov dvelXov, 

XI. PHOCION. 

$G)KLG)va ovre yeXdaavrd rig, ovre KXavaavra padioyg 

'A&rjvaicdv eldev, ovd 1 ev (3aXaveiG) 6r\\iooievovri Xovod\iev- 

ov, ovd' eKrbg e^ovra rrjv %elpa rrjg nepi(3oXrjg, ore rvx,oi 

7TepLf3e(3Xr}iJLevog: '~Eirel Kara ye rr)v %&pav Kal rag orpar- 

15 eiag dvvnbdr\rog del Kal yvfivbg ebddi&v, el \ir) ipvxog 
imeppdXXov elr\ Kal dvoKaprepyrov, coare Kal nai&vrag 
i]6r] rovg arparevo\ievovg Gvp,(3oXov p,eydXov iroielodai 
%ei\L&vog evde8v\ievov <bo)Ki(*)va. 

Toi 6' tftiei npoar\veararog cov Kal faXavtiponorarog, 

20 dnb rov irponumov fivo£vii&oXog e^aivero Kal GKV&podnbg, 
&ore fir) padiug av riva \ibvov evrvxelv avro) rQ>v dovvr)- 
•&uv. Alb Kal Xdprjri nore npbg rag o^pvg avrov Xeyovri, 
r&v 'A&rjvaiodv eniyeXcjvrov, Ovdev, elnev, avrrj v\idg 
XeXvTTTjKev r) 6<ppvg' b 6e rovrojv yeXcjg noXXd KXavaai 

25 rrjv noXiv nenoirjKev. 

*0 $G)KiG)vog Xoyog nXeiarov ev eXaxiorr] Xe^ei vovv 
ei%e. Kal npbg rovr' eoiKev dmd&v b I,(prjrriog UoXvevK- 
rog elnelv, on prjrop \iev dpiarog eirj ArjfioG'&evrjg, elnelv 
6e deivorarog b <frG)Ki(*)V. f O 6e Arjfioa^evrjg rtiv fiev 

30 aXXov Kare^pbvei noXv prjropuv, dviorapevov 6e <&(*)kig)- 
vog, elcj-Sei Xeyeiv drpe\ia npbg rovg (f>iXovg • 'H rwv epv 
Xoyov Konlg ndpeariv. 'AXXd rovro \iev laog npbg rd 
7i$og dvoioreov. 'Erret Kal pr\\ia Kal vevua \ibvov dvdpbg 
dyaftov \wpioig ev§v\Lr\\iaai Kal irepibdoig dvrlpponov ex sl 

35 niariv. 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 143 

Ol t£)V 'Adrjvatov Gv\i\iaxot teal ol V7)GioJrai roijg 
*A$r}V7j$ev dnoGroXovg, erepov p,ev eKixXeovrog Grparrj- 
yov, TToXeficovg vo\ii^ovreg, e^pdyvvvro reix?}, icai Xi\ievag 
dnex^vvvaav, Kai KareKou.i^ov and rr)g X ( * ) P a ^ ei S r ^ 
iroXeig ^0GK7\\iara, Kai dvdpdnoda, Kai yvvaiKag, Kai 5 
Traldag' el de 4>g)kig)v rp/olro, iroppo) vavaiv Idlatg dnav- 
rcjvreg eG-ecpavcjfievot., Kai x^povreg, 6f avrovg Karr\yov. 

"Hdr] de rufv ' Adrtvaiuv npbg <£>lXlttttov eKTreTroXefiG}- 
fitvcjv navrdnaGt, Kai Grpariyybv, avrov fir) napovrog, 
erepov em rbv noXefiov qprjfievuv, &g KarenXevGev dixb 10 
tcjv vrjGCdv, irpuTOV fiev eneifte rbv 6r)fiov, elprjvcK&g 
exovrog rov QcXlttttov, Kai cf)o(3ovfievov rbv klvSvvov, 
iaxvpojg (Se%£(7$<w rag diaXvGeig * Kai rtvbg dvrt,KpovGav~ 
rog avrti twv elotiorov GVKOcpavrelv, Kai elnovrog' 2i> 
6e roXfiag, o) Qgjkluv, dnorpeneiv 'A-&7]vaiovg f[6r\ rd 15 
onXa did %££pc5z> exovrag ; 'Eyc5 ye, elne, Kai ravr' eld&g, 
on, noXefiov fiev bvrog, eyo) gov, elpr)vr)g de yevofievrjg, 
gv efiov ap$~eig. 'Qg d' ovk eTret&ev, dXX' 6 ArjfioG^evrjg 
eKpdrec, KeXevcjv d)g noppurdro) rr)g 'ArrtKrjg tieoftai 
\i>dxr\v rovg 'A-drjvaiovg • T £2 rav, e(f>rj, fir), ttov fiax&fi£$a,, 20 
GKontifiev, dXXd ntig viKrjGO)fiev. Ovrcj yap eorai fiaKpdv 
6 noXefiog ■ r)rro)fievoLg de ixav dei detvbv eyyvg napeon. 
* * # 

2,vve(3ovXevev 'AXe^dvdpG) 6 <b(OKi,G)v, el fiev r)Gvxtag 
bpeyerai, $eG$ai rbv iroXefiov el de do£,r\g, fiera$eo&ai, 
irpbg rovg (3ap(3dpovg dnb rdv 'l&XXrrvuv rparrbfievov. 25 
K.ai noXXa Kai repbg rr)v 'AXe^dvdpov (pvGiv Kai (3ovXr)Giv 
evGrox^g emcov, ovro) aere(3aXe Kai Karenpdvvev avrbv, 
uGr' elneiv, bncjg npoGet-ovoi rbv vovv y A-&7]valot rolg 
rcpdyfiaGiv, (bg, el rt yevoiro irepi avrbv, eKeivoig ap%eiv 
ixpoG7\Kov. 'Idea de rbv QoKiova rcoL7]Gdiievog avrov 30 
<f)i,Xov Kai i-evov, elg roGavrr\v edero ri\Lr\v, ogtjv elxov 
bXiyoi r£jv dei Gvvovro)v. f O yovv Aovpig elpr\Kev, d>g 
fjieyag yevdfievog, Kai Aapetov KparrjGag, dc^elXe riov emG- 
roX&v rb Xaipeiv, ttXtjv ev oGaig eypacpe $<*)KtG)Vi. Tov- 
rov de fiovov [ierd rov Xaipeiv TTpoGTjyopeve. 35 



144 XII. PHOCION'S CONDEMNATION. 

Td fievTOi nepl rQv xPW^ r(i}V ofioXoyovfisvov egtlv, 
on doypedv avT& Karenefiipev enarbv rdXavra. Tovrcov 
KO[UO$evTG)v elg 'Atirjvag, rjpiorrjoev 6 Qoklov rovg <pepov- 
rag, tl 6rj ttots, ttoXXCjv ovtcjv 'A-frnvaitov, avrti jiovco 
5 roaavra didcdoiv AXsl-avdpog ; JZIttovtojv 6' ekeIvov, "On 
ge Kpivec fjiovov dvdpa KaXbv nal dya&ov Ovnovv, eIttev 
6 $G)tccG)v, EaadrG) \le nai dottslv &el nal slvac tolovtov. 
'Qg 6' dicoXov&rjGavTEg slg olfcov avroy TroXXfjv E&pcov 
evTsXsiav, rrjv /jlev yvvaltca ii&TTOvoav, 6 6e Qokiov avrog 
10 avifirjoag vdojp ek tov (ppEarog dnEvlrrrETO rovg Trodag, 
etc p,dXXov EVEfCELvro, nal rjyavdfCTOvv, dscvbv eXvcli Xsyov- 
rsg, el (piXog &v tov (3aGiXso)g ovtg) diaiTr\GETai TTOvr\p(Jg. 
'Idtiv ovv b $u)iti(jjv nsvrjTa 7rp£o(3vT7]v, kv TpipoviG) 
pvnapip TTopEvSjievov, ?-]po)T7]GEV, si tovtov %Eipova voju^- 

15 OVGLV aVTOV ' EV<p7]flElv 6' EKELVCJV 6eO[IEVG)V, Kat flfjV 

ovTog, eIttev, art kXaTTOvedv e\lov $7, nal apKelrai. To 6' 
6Xov, rj firj xp^psvog, scpr], \iaTir\v e^g) togovtov xpvciov, 
r\ %p&\iEVog, EfiavTdv d\ia Kanslvov 6i,a(3aX6) rrpbg ttjv 
noXiv. Ovtg) fiEv ovv k-nav7\k$E irdXiv* rd xPW ara &Z 
20 'A-drjv&v, ETrtdEL^avTa Tolg "JLXXtjgc -nXovGi&TEpov tov 
didovTog ToaavTa tov firj dsofisvov. 

XII. PHOCION. 

PhociorCs Condemnation and Death. 

Tov 6s $G)tcLG)va nal Tovg \let' ai)Tov KXsiTog slg 'A-drj- 

vag dvrffs, Xoyo) [lev Kpc&rjGOfisvovg, spyo) 6e dnodavslv 

K,aTaKEKpi\iEvovg. Kat npOGrjv to Gx^a ry rcoficdfi Xvnr\- 

25 pbv, E(p' dfid^acg ko\ii^o\lev(^v clvt&v did tov KEpafiEitcov 

npbg to dsaTpov. 'E/cet yap ai)TOvg irpoGayay&v 6 KXei- 

Tog GWEixev, &xpLg ov tt\v EK,K.Xr\Giav ETrXrjpOGav ol ap- 

XovTEg, ov dovXov, ov gsvov, ovfc aTi\iov d-iroitpivavTEg, 

dXXd naGt Kat rraGaig dvansTTTafiEVOv to fir\\ia nal to 

30 Marpov 7rapaG%6vTEg. 'E-nret <5' rj ettigtoXt] tov fiaGtX. 

£(og dveyvG)G&n, XsyovTog, avTu* [isv EyvcoG^ac npodoTag 

ysyovEvai Tovg avdpag, Etteivoig 6s didovat tt\v KptGiv, 

eXev$Epoig r\6r\ ttal avT0v6\L0ig ovgl, Kat Tovg avdpag 6 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 145 

KXeirog elor\yayev, ol fiev fieXrwroi ruv ttoXitgjv, 60#ev. 
rog rov $G)(CL(i)vog, eveftaXvipavro, Kal Kara) Kvipavreg 
kdosKpvov elg 6' dvaordg eroXfirjoev eirrelv, otl rr\XiK- 
avrr\v Kpiatv eyKexeipiKorog ru) 67]p,G) rov {3aoiXeG)g, fcaX- 
iog z%£i rovg 6ovXovg Kal rovg i-ivovg dneX^elv en rrjg 5 
eaicXrjOLag. Qvtc dvaaxop>svG)v 6e rcjv ttoXXgjv, &XX' ava- 
tcpayovTOV fidXXeiv rovg oXiyapxtKOvg Kal [MOo67]p,ovg, 
aXXog \iev ovdeig vnep rov $GJKiG)vog enexsipTiGEV elnelv, 
avrbg 6e x a ^£™g Kal \ioXig k%cuiovo-&eig, TLorepov, elnev, 
adifcojg r\ 6(,Kacojg diroKrelvai (3ovXeo$e rjfiag ; 'Anotcpiv- 10 
auevojv 6e tcvgjv, ore 6cKatojg' Kal rovro, e(f)7], ntig 
yvGHjea&e, [irj duovaavreg ; 'ftnel d' ov6ev fiaXXov tjkovov, 
eyyvripG) npooe?,-&d)v, 'Eyw fisv, elnev, d6iKE~iv dfioXoyti, 
Kal -&avdrov rmoJfjLac rd TreiroXirevp,eva efiavrti ■ rovrovg 
6% dv6peg 'A$7]valoi, 6id ri airoKrevelre, fir]6ev a6iKovv- 15 
rag ; 'ArroKptvofievGyv 6e ttoXXgjv • "Qrt col (plXoi elaf.v • 
b fiEV $g)kig)v dnoordg 7]Ovx£av r\yev • 6 6' 'Ayvovidrjg 
tprjcbccfia yeypa\iaevov e^wv dveyvo, Ka& b rov 67Jp,ov 
e6el x ei ? 0T0VZlv irzpi ftiv dv6p(ov, el 6okovolv d6iKelv • 
rovg 6' av6pag, dv Karaxsiporov7]^d>OLv, aTrodvrjGKEiv. 20 

1 AvayvG)o#svTog 6e rov iprjtptGfiarog, rjt-covv riveg npoo- 
ypd(f>etv, oTTGjg Kal <JTpe(3Xo)&elg <Pg)kcojv aTro-&dvoi, Kal rov 
rpoxov elatyepecv, Kal rovg vTrrfperag KaXelv irpooerarrov. 
f O 6' ' Ayvo)vl67]g Kal rov KXslrov bptiv 6voxepaivovra, 
Kal to Trpdyfia (3ap{3apiKov elvai Kal \11apbv rjyovuevog, 25 
"Orav, ecprj, KaXXifie6ovra rov \iaoriyiav Xafioyuev, & 
dv6peg 'Adrjvalot, Xa(36vreg cn-p£,(3/U3<7o / it£i> * irepl 6e <f>w- 
KLGJVog ov6ev ey£) ypd(pG) roiovrov. '~Evrav$a rojv em. 
eiKiov rig vTrefpojvr^oev • 'Op-&£jg ye av ttoluv dv yap 
$G)Ki(ova (3aaavLG0)fj,ev, oe ri irotrjoouev ; > F l TnKvpo)-&svrog 30 
6e rov iprj^iofiarog, Kal r^g x et P oroVia( Z d7ro6o$eio7]g, 
ov6elg Kadrjfievog, dXXd ndvreg ei-avaardvreg, ol 6e nXelo~- 
roi Kal orecbavojodfievot, Karex^porovrjaav avrtiv $dva- 
rov. r Hoav 6e avv rc5 ^ojkcojvc NiKOKXijg, Qov6imrog, 
'HyrjfiGJV, Hv&OKXrig- ArjiJii]rpLov 6e rov $aXrjpeo)g, Kal 35 

N 



146 xii. phocion'js condemnation. 

KaXXtfiedovrog, Kal ~Kapt,KXeovg, nai tivojv aXXo)v dnov- 
T(*)v KarsipTjc()iO'&r) ftdvarog, 

r £lg ovv diaXvaavreg rr\v eKKXr\aiav r\yov elg rd deo- 
\UArr\piov rovg avdpag, ol fiev aXXoi, nepinXeKOfievDV twv 
5 (piXoyv avrolg Kal oltceiuv, odvpdfievoi Kal Kara&prjvovvreg 
e(3ddi%ov • rd de QoKiovog npoocjuov, olov ore Grparrjycjv 
an* EKKXr\Giag ixpovni\mero (3Xerrovreg, e^av\iaC,ov rr\v 
dndfteiav Kal fieyaXoifivxlav rov dvdpog' ol d' ex&pol 
KaKcJg eXeyov naparpexovreg • elg de Kal npooenrvoev 

10 e^evavriag irpoueX-&cjv. "Ore Kal rov QoKiova Xeyerai 
fiXetjiavra rrpbg rovg dpxovrag elnelv Ov navoei rig 
dax^ovovvra rovrov ; 'Finel de Oovdtnnog ev tg> dea- 
fjLG)rrjpi(o yevdfievog, Kal rd Kuvecov bp&v rpij36fj,evov, 
ijyavdKrei, Kal KareKXaie rr]v ovfMfyopdv, &g ov TrpoarjKov- 

15 rug tg) (froKLOJVL ovvaTToXXvfJLEVog, En-' ovk dyairag, elnev, 
on fj,erd ^OKLCJvog dnodvrjoKeig ; '~E>po[ievov de rtvog rcjv 
(piXuiv, el ri TTpbg <Pgjkov Xeyei, rov vlov Haw fiev ovv, 
e<J>7], Xeyo) fii) \ivr\aiKaKelv y k$r\vaioig. 

UeTTO)Koro)v de rjdrj irdvrtev rd K&veiov, rd (f)dpfiaK.ov 

20 eneXine, Kal 6 dr\\idaiog ovk e$r\ rpitpeiv erepov, el f.irj 
Xdfioi dcjdeKa dpaxpag, oaov rr\v oXkt\v (bvelrat. ~Kpovov 
de yevofievov Kal diarpifirjg, 6 <b(i)KiG)v KaXeoag nvd r&v 
<t>iXo)v Kal elrccjv, T H [nyde dno-&avelv 'A&rjfvqoi, doypedv 
eonv, eKeXevoe rib dv^pcjiro) dovvai rd Kep\idriov. 

25 'Hv <F r\\iepa \ir\vdg Movvvxi&vog evdrrj enl deKa, Kal 
tgj Au rrjv TTOfmrjv ne\imovreg ol Imrelg nape^eaav. *Qv 
ol fiev d<peiXovro rovg are(f>dvovg, ol de npdg rag dvpag 
dedaKpvfjbevoi rrjg elpKrrjg dnefiXei^av. '~E<pdvr] de rolg fii] 
navrdnaacv (bfiolg Kal dtecpdapiievoig vt? bpyr\g Kal cpftovov 

30 ttjv ipvxrjv, dvooi&rarov yeyovevai, rd firjd 1 emaxelv r^v 
rjfiepav eKeivTjv, fiyde Kaftapevoai drjfioetov <povov rrjv 
ttoXiv eoprd^ovaav . 

Ov \ii\v dXX* cjanep evdeearepov ?\yikSviG\Levoig rolg 
kx&polg edo^e Kal rd od\ia rov <P(DKL(x)vog e^opioai, Kal 

35 lir\de nvp evavaai \i7]deva npdg rrjv ra§r\v ^A'&TjvaLMv. At' o 
(biXog fiev ovdelg er6X\ir\aev dipaodat rov o&\iarog' Kw- 
vonivv de rcg, vnovpyelv el^ia^ievog rd roiavra iiicdov, 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 147 

KOfiLa^evra rov veupbv vnep rr)v 'EXevolva, nvp Xaficbv 
etc r7\g MeyaptKqg, eKavoev. f H be Mey apifcr) yvvr) nap- 
ovoa fierd rtiv depaTraivibov, e^oxre p,ev avro&i x&\ml 
ksvov Kal Kareaneioev • kv&ep,evr) be tw koXttg) rd bord y 
Kal KOfiLoaoa vvurup elg rr)v oIklclv, rcarcjpv^e rrapd rr)v 5 
korlav, eirrovoa' 2ol, u) (piXrj earca, TrapaKararidefiai 
ravra dvbpbg dya-&ov Xeiipava* ov 6' avrd rolg narp&oig 
dnbbog r)plocg, brav 'Adrjvaloc acjcppovrjoojoL. 

Kal \iivroi %povov fipaxeog biayevofievov, Kal rcov npay- 
fidrcjv didaoKOVTUVi olov eTuardrrjv Kal tyvXana GG)(ppoov- 10 
vrjg Kal diKaioovvrjg 6 br^iog dnojXeosv, dvbpidvra pzv 
avrov %a?LKovv dveorrjcrav, etiaipav be drjjiooioLg reXeai rd 
bora. Ttiv be Karrjybpcjv 'Ayvojvtb^v fiev avrol, -&dva~ 
tov Karaxetporovqoavreg, dneKreLvav 'RniKovpov be Kal 
A7]jj.6(f>iXov, dnobpavrag ek rr\g 7rbXeo)g, dvevpCdV b rov 15 
<J>(*)KL<*)vog vlbg erijiojprjaaro,, 

XIII. DEMOSTHENES. 
Aeyerai, rov Arfpoodevovg obvpofievov ttots rrpbg 2drvp- 
ov, tov viroicptTrjv, ore ndvrcov (ptXoTrovdJrarog &v rdv 
Xeybvrov, Kal \iiKpov beov KaravaXcjKevai rrjv rov o&\ia- 
rog aK\ir\v elg rovro, x^P tv ovlc ^X €L ^pbg rov b?jfj,ov, dXXd 20 
KpatvcaXCjvreg avtipwrrot Kal dp,a^elg aKOvovrai Kal Kar- 
exovgl rb (3r)ua, napopdrac b' avrog* *AXrj-&rj Xeyeig, w 
Arjfibo&eveg, <pdvai rov Sdrvpov aXX' eyd> rb alruov 
idoo\iai rax^ojg- av p,oi rdjv 'Evpirrtbov rivd prjoeuv rj 
^LocpoKXeovg edeXfjorjg enrelv dnb crbp,arog. JZlTTOvrog be 25 
rov Arjuooftevovg, ueraXa(36vra rov Hdrvpov, ovro) ixXdoai 
Kal bte^eXSelv ev r)$ei npenovrt Kal bia$eoi rr)v avrr)v 
prjoiv, &0&' oXug erepav r€) Ar][ioo$£V£t (fiavrjvai. Tleia- 
-&evra be ooov ek rr)g imoKpioeug tgj Xbyo) koo\lov Kal 
Xdpirog irpboEGri, fiiKpbv rjyrjGaodai, Kal rb p,rjS£v elvai 
rr)v doK7]oiv, dfieXovvn rr)g npocbopdg Kal dLa$eoecjg rdv 30 
Xeyofievcjv. 'Ek rovrov Kardyecov p,ev oiKobo\i7\oai p,eXe- 
rr\rr\ptov kvravda 6e ndvrcog p,sv kKaorrjg rjfispag Kar~ 
ibvra irXdrreiv rr)v vnoKptoiv, Kal dianovelv rr/V (pbivr)v 
TToXXaKiq be Kal firjvag e^r)g dvo Kal rpelg ovvdnreiv, 



148 XII. FROM THE LIFE OF DEMOSTHENES. 

t-vpovuevov Tijg Ke<paXr)g -ftdrepov jxepog, vnep tov firjde 
fiovXofjievct) ndvv npoeX-ftelv evde^eo'&ai 6t y alo%vv7p?. 

e 'Qpp,7]oe fiev ovv eni to npaTTeiv to, Koivd, tov Quklkov 
noXe\iov ovv£OTG)Tog. Aa(3(bv 6e Tfjg noXiTelag KaXr\v 
5 vno-deoiv, Tr)v npog QLXmnov vnep tQ>v 'EXXfjvuv dinato- 
Xoytav, nai npog TavTTjv dyiovL^dfievog ai-icog, Ta^v So^av 
eo%e, Ka l TrepiftXenTog vnd tQv Xoycov rjp'&rj Kai Tr)g 
napprjoiag- ugts Savybd^eoftai fiev ev rq 'EXXddi, #e- 
paneveodai (T vnd tov fieydXov (BaotXeug, nXeloTOV 6' 

10 avTOv Xoyov elvai napd ra> ^tXtnncd tgjv 6r\\Layuyovv- 
tg)v bfioXoyelv 6e Kai Tovg dnex-davopevovg, otl npog 
evdo^ov avTolg av&punov 6 dyuv eotiv. 

f H 6e tov Arjjjioo'&evovg noXiTeia (pavepd fiev r)v, eti Kai 
rr)g eiprjvrjg vnapxovarjg, ovdev ecovTog dveniTi\ir\TOv t&v 

15 npaTTO[ievG)v vnd tov Maxedovog, dXV kty etcdaTG) TapaT- 
TOVTog Tovg 'A-drjvaiovg, Kai diaKaiovTog eni tov avdpo)- 
ttov. Aid Kai napd QiXinnip nXeloTog r\v Xdyog avTOV' 
Kai QTe npeaj3evo)v denaTog tjksv elg MaKedovtav, -fJKovae 
fiev ndvTG)v QiXtnnog, dvTelne 6e fieTa nXeio~Tr\g enifie- 

20 Xeiag npog tov eneivov Xoyov. Ov \ir\v ev ye Talg aXXaig 
Ti\ialg nai (piXotypoovvaLg o\ioiov avTov tgj Arjp,oa-&evec 
napelxev, dXXd npoor)yeTo Tovg nepl Aicxivrrv Kal <PiXok- 
pdTrjv fiaXXov. "Odev enatvovvTG)v ekelviov tov fyiXin- 
nov, o>g Kai Xeyeiv dvvaT&TaTOV, Kai KaXXiGTov 6(f)$rjvai, 

25 Kai vi) Ala ov\inieiv CKavuTaTov, rjvayKa&TO PaoKaivov 
entOKunTeiv, &>g to \iev oofyiCTOv, to 6e yvvatKog, to 6s 
anoyyiag eltj, (3aoiXeo)g 6' ovdev EyKG)[Mov. 

'Enei 3' elg to noXe\ieiv eppene Ta npdyp,aTa, tov fiev 
4>iXinnov fir) 6vva\ievov tt)v rjovxiav aystv, t&v d' 'A^^- 

30 vatcjv eyeipo\ievuv vnd tov ATj/ioa'&evovg, npoJTOv p,ev elg 
~Ev(3oiav e<~(*>p\ir\oe Tovg 'AdrjvaLOvg, KaTadedovXcjfisvrjv 
vnd tg)v Tvpdvvcov QiXinnix)' Kai dtafidvTeg, eKeivov to 
i\)i]§io\La ypdipavTog, £%r)Xaoav Tovg MaKedovag. Aev- 
Tepov 6e Bv^avTLoig efiorjdrjoe Kai Uepivdioig vnd tov 

35MaKed6vog noXe\Lov\ievoig. "EneiTa npeoftevtev Kai dta- 
Xeydfievog Tolg "EXXr/ac, Kai napo^vvcjv, avveaTr/ae, nXf\v 
6XCyo)v 1 dnavTag eni tov QcXirnnov • &ore ovvTa^iv yev- 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 149 

eodaL tte^gjv fiev p,vpco)v Kal nEVTaKiGxiXicov , Ittttecjv 6$ 
SiGxiXiw, avev tCjv ttoXltckgjv 6vvdfieu)V, xPW ara °*& Ka i 
jiiodovg Tolg <~£Voig elo(f)epea-&ai Trpo^v/icog. , F,7T7]pf.t£V7jg 
6e rrjg 'RXXddog npbg to jieXXov, Kal GvvLura[i£vo)v tear' 
E-&V7) Kal TToXeig F,v(3o£cjv, 'Axaitiv, Kopivdluv, Meyapewv, 5 
AevKadiuv, KepKvpaicov, 6 \iEytGTog vneXeineTo Tto Atj- 
(jLOotievet Toiv dycovuv, Qrj/Jatovg npoaayayeo-dai t%j gv\l- 
fi,a%ia, x ( ^P av TS ovvopov T7\g 'ArrcKrjg Kal dvva\iiv evay- 
covlov exovrag, Kal \idXiGTa tote tgjv '^XXrjv^v evSokc- 
\iovvrag ev rolg onXoig. T H^ 6' ov pddcov enl Trpoa<pdroig 10 
evepyeTTjfjiao'i, rolg rtepl tov $g)klkov tt6Xe\lov rert-daa- 
GEVfj,evovg vnb tov QiXlttttov \iETaGT7\aai Tovg Q7]j3alovg 
Kal \idXiara ralg did ttjv yEirviaaiv dipLfiaxicug dva^at- 
vofiEVG)v EKaoroTE tgjv ttoXejilkcov npbg dXXrjXag dta<popCjv 
ralg ttoXeglv. 15 

Ov firjv aXV etteI QiXtmrog slg rr\v 'EAaremv E^atcpvrjg 

EVETTEGE, Kal TTjV $G)KLda KaTEGXEV, EK7XE , nXr\y\lEVly)V TU)V 

'A-&7jvaio)v, Kal p,7]dsvdg roXfiGJvrog dva(3aiv£tv eni rd 
$r\\ia, firjd' sxovrog o, tl XP?1 XkyEiv, dXX' dnopiag ovG7\g 
ev fiEGG) Kal OMOTrrjg, napsX'&cjv \iovog 6 A7]fioG-&£V7]g, gvv- 20 
e(3ovXeve tQ>v Qr](3al(x)v EX£G$at • Kal rdXXa ixapa^appvvag 
Kal fiETECjptGag, &Gn£p eIg)$ei, tov drjfiov ralg eXttlgi, 
diTEGrdXri Trp£G(3£vrrjg ju£#' Erspov rig Qf]fiag. To \iev 
ovv Gvjj,(f)£pov ov 6i£(f)vyE rovg tgjv Qrj(3al(x)v XoyiGfiovg, 
dXX' ev b\L\iaGiv EKaGrog eIxs t & r °v tzoXe\iov dstvd, etc 25 
tCjv <bo)K(,KU)V rpavfidrcov vsaptiv 7rapa[i£v6vro)v * rj 6s tov 
prjropog 6vva\iig EKpinl^ovGa rbv -&vp,bv avr&v, Kal dca- 
Kaiovoa ttjv <\>iXoTi\Liav, etcegkottjge rolg dXXoig anaGLV 
&gte (f)6(3ov Kal XoytGfiov Kal x^P lv ^(^aXslv avrovg, 
kv&ovGL&vTag vnb tov Xoyov npbg tq KaXov. Ovtoj 6e 30 
[LEya Kal Xafiirpbv E(pdv7) to tov prjropog fpyov, cjgte tov 

JjLEV QiXllTTTOV £V#Vg E7TLK7)pVKEV£G$aiy 6e6\L£VOV ElpTjV7]g, 

op&rjv 6e ttjv r ~EXXdda y£VEG$ai, Kal GvvE^avaGTrjvat npbg 
to fjtiXXov, v7T7]pET£lv ds jiT\ [iovov Tovg GTpaTr\yovg T(i5 
&r\\ioG§£V£i noLovvTag to TrpoGTaTTOfiEvov, dXXd Kal Tovg 35 
Boi.<i)Tdpxag<> diotKELG^ai re Tag EKKXr\Giag dnaGag ov6ev 

N2 



150 XII. FROM THE LIFE OF DEMOSTHENES. 

rjrrov vn' e/ceivov rore rag QqlSaicjv, r) rag 'Adrjvaiuv, 
ayanoftevov nap' dfxporepoig Kai dvvaorevovrog, ovk adi~ 
KG)g, ovde Trap' d^iav, dXXd Kai ndvv npoGrjKovrog. 

TAexpi [lev ovv rovrtov dvr)p r)v dyadog • ev 6e r^ \idx%] 
5 KaXbv ovdev, ovd' bfioXoyovfievov epyov, olg elnev, dnodett;- 
dfievog, &x er0 hnr&v rr\v rd%iv, dnodpdg atoxtora, Kai 
rd onXa ptyag, ovde rr)v emypa§r\v rrjg donidog, <bg eXeye 
Uv&eag, aioxvv&eig, emyeypa\t\iev7]g ypd\x\xaai xP va <>lg' 
'Ayadq rvxq. HapavrtKa fiev ovv 6 QiXinnog eni r# 

10 viK/y dtd rr)v x a P® v &$;vj3pLoag, Kai \a^\idaag eni rovg veK- 
povg, fiedvoiv xjde rr)v dpx^v tov A7][j,ocr&evevg iprj(f)Lo^a- 
rog, npbg noda diaip&v Kai vnoKpovov. 

Arjfiocr&evrjg Arjfioo'&evovg Uaiavtevg rdd' elnev ■ e/cvrjip- 
ag de, Kai to fieyeftog rov nepcordvrog avrbv dydvog 

15 ev vC) Xa(3tov, eifiptrre rfjv deivorrvra Kai ttjv dvva\iiv 
rov prfTopog, ev \iepei \iittp£d \iiag i\\iepag rov vnep rrjg 
7)yefiovlag Kai rov otifiarog dvappiipai Kivdvvov dvay- 
Kacr&eig vn' avrov* 

Tore de rr)g drvx^ag rolg "'EXXrjot yevop,evrjg, ol fiev 

20 dvnnoXirevofievoi pr)ropeg r enefifiaivovreg tw Arjfioo'&eveL, 
KareaKeva^ov evftvvag Kai ypa(pdg en' avrov 6 de dr)pbog 
ov \iovov tovtov dneXvev, dXXd Kai rificJv dtereXei, Kai 
npooKaXovfievog av$t>g, fog evvovv, elg ttjv noXireiav, 
wore Kai rdv oafecjv eK Xaipovelag KOjicodevrov Kai 

25 danrofj,ev(x>v, rov eni rolg dvdpdaiv enaivov einelv an* 

£d(*)Kev, ov ranecvcog, ovd' dyevvdg <pep(ov rb Gvp,/3e(3?jKbg y 

dXXd ro> rip,av \jbdXiora Kai Koa\ieiv rov ovfjtftovXov dno- 

deLKvv^evog rb fir) fiera^eXea^ai rolg j3e(3ovXev[nev&ig. 

y Anedave de 6 Arjfioodevrjg rovde rov rpbnov. f Qg 

30 ' Avrinarpog Kai Kparepbg rryyeXXovro npoaibvreg eni 
rag 'A&fjvag, ol \iev nepi rov Arjfioodevri <p-&doavreg 
vne%r)X-dov eK rrjg noXeug, 6 Se drjfiog avrtiv -Qdvarov 
Kareyvo, Ar}[j,ddov ypdipavrog. "AXXuv 6' dXXaxov dia- 
anapevro)v, 6 'Avrinarpog nepienepne rovg ovXXafipdvov- 

35Tttf, o)V rjyejiGyv r)v 'Apxiag, & KXrjdeig Qvyadotiripag. 
Tovrov 6e, Qovpiov ovra tw yevei y Xoyog e%££ rpayudiag 
vnoKpivaodai nore, Kai rbv Alyivrjrrjv JlcjXoVy rov vnep- 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 151 

ftaXovra r^ rex v XI rrdvrag, erceivov yeyovevai p,a$7)rfjv 

lOTOpOVOLV. 

Ovrog ovv 6 'Apxiag rbv Ar)fj,oo'&£V7] nv&6p,evog Iksttjv 
ev KaXavpia ev tg> iepG) UoGetdoJvog Ka#e^eo$ai, diartXev- 
Gag vnrjperiKolg, Kal a-nofiag p,era QpaKCJV dopvcfropov, 5 
eneidev dvaardvra (3adl^etv per' avrov rrpbg 'AvrLrrarpov, 
d)g SvGx^peg rreiGOfievov ovdev. '0 de Ar\\ioG^evr\g ervy- 
Xavev oipiv eupaK&g Kara rovg vnvovg eKeivr\g rrjg vvtcrdg 
dXXoK.orov. 'Ed(k« yap dvrayovt^eo-&at tg> 'Apxta rpay- 
udtav vnotcpivofievog- evr\\iep&v de icai Karex^v to #ea- 10 
rpov, evdeia -napaanEvr\g nai x o P r iy' ia S Kpartla'&cu. Aib 
rov 'Apx'iov iroXXa (pcXdv&pcjrra dtaXex^evrog, dva(3Xeipag 
Trpbg avrov, cjGnep ervyxave Ka$r\\Levog ■ r £l 'Apxia, elirev, 
ovre vnofcpivofievog fie e-neioag Trcjnore, ovre vvv nelaeig 
eirayyeXXdfievog. 'Api;ap,evov d' aneiXelv rov 'Afifclov 15 
jLter' opyrjg- ~Ni>v, ecpr], Xeyeig rd en rov Ma/cedovittov 
rpinodog, aprt d' vneKptvov. Mutpov ovv enlaxsg, orrojg 
emGretXo) ri rolg olkoi. Kal ravr* elntiv, evrbg dvex&p- 
r\ae rov vaov • Kal Xaj3o)v fiifiXiov, fog ypdcpeiv \ieXX(x)v, 
Trpoarjveyfce rto aro\iari rbv KaXa\iov, Kal 6aK(bv, uanep ev 20 
tg5 dtavoeiodai, Kal ypd(peiv elwdei, xpovov riva Kareax ev > 
elra GvyKaXvipdfievog dneKXive rfjv Ke(paXf)v. Ol fiev 
ovv irapd rag -&vpag eortireg dopv(f)6poi KareyeXiov (bg 
dnodetXiGovrog avrov, Kal \1aXaK0v eKaXovv Kal avavdpov • 
6 6' 'Apxlag rcpooeXdCiv dviGravbai irapeKaXei, Kal rovg 25 
avrovg dvaKVKXcJv Xoyovg, av&ig enrjyyeXXero diaXXaydg 
npbg rbv 'Avrtnarpov. "H.67) de GwyGdrifievog 6 Arjfioo- 
devrjg kiJLirefyvKorog avrco rov §ap\xaKov Kal Kparovvrog 
e^eKaXmj)aro' Kal dtaftXeipag npbg rbv 'Apxiav, Ovk av 
<f>-$dvoig, elnev, r)6r) rbv eK rrjg rpaycpdlag vnoKpivdfievog 30 
Kpeovra, Kal rb GU)fia rovro plnrojv arafyov ; 'Eyw 6\ o) 
fyiXe HoGEidov, ere (wv e%aviora\iai rov lepov- rti de 
'Avrtixdrpid Kal MaKedoGiv ovd' 6 Gog vabg Kadapbg vtto-* 
XeXetnrat. Tavr' elntiv ml KeXevGag vTToXaj3elv avrov 
tjSt] rpefiovra Kal G(j)aXX6[ievov, a\ia to> npoeXdelv Kal 35 
TxapaXXd^ai rbv (3G)jj,bv eireGe, Kal Grevdi-ag d<pr]Ke rjjv 
ipv%fiv. 



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POETICAL EXTRACTS. 



>rf>^W^^V^'^^N»^ , ^V > »^»^«^»i«»^< » *>»«»S»i|^'»^«»i»^V>/^ < «»»<» » ^^<V^^^»^^i 



POETICAL EXTRACTS. 



I. The meeting of Hector and Andromache.* 

"&c apa (pcdvrioag, dnepr) nopv&aioXog r/ Efcro)p. 
Alipa d' emiti' licave ddfiovg evvaierdovrag, 
Ovd' evp> ' ' K.v6po\idx7]v XevntiXevov ev fieydpOLOLV, 
'AA/l' rrye %vv Traidi nai dfupLiroXco eimenXc*) 
TLvpycd ecpearrjfcet yoouod re, \ivpo\ievr\ re. 5 

"~EitTG)p 6 1 <bc ova evdov d\iv\iova Terfxev afcotnv, 
"~Egtt] £7r' ovdbv i(bv, perd de dficj^aiv eeinev • 

Et 6\ dye p,oi, 6fi(oo2, vr\\iepTea \Lv$r\aao$e • 
Utj e(3r] 'AvSpofAdxr) XevituXevog ek fieydpoco ; 
'Hs 7T7] eg yaXocjv, r\ elvarepoiv exmeTrXtev, 10 

,V H eg 'A&nvairjg k^oixerat, ev&a rcep dXXat 
Tpoal evirXonafioc deivfjv -&ebv IXdofcovrai ; 

Tov 6' avr' brpT\pr\ rapty irpbg [ivdov eecnev 
"Etcrop, enel \idV avuyag dXrjdea fj,v&r}GaG$ai • 
Ovre ttt} eg yaXotdv, ovr* elvarepoyv evnerrXov, 15 

Ovt' eg 'k&r\vai7}g ei-oixerat, ev$a nep dXXai 
Tp(x)al evnXoitafioi deivrjv -&ebv IXdcfcovrai • 
'AAA' eTTi TTvpyov e(3rj \ieyav 'IXtov, ovve^ anovaev 
Teipeadat Tptiag, \ieya de tcpdrog elvat 'Axaitiv. 
'H fiev 6rj rrpbg relxog e7xeiyo\ievr\ d<piK,dvei, 20 

MaivofJievq etKvla' <f>epei 6' dfia naida Ttdrjvr]. 

r H pa yvvfj Tapir)- 6 (?' dneaavro 66fiarog "Enroyp, 
Ti)v avrrjv bdbv avrtg, evtcrtfievag rear 1 dyvedg. 
Evre rcvXag l/cave, diepxo/ievog \iiya aarv, 
licaidg — rg yap efieXXe die^tfievat Tzediovde — 25 

"Ev#' dXoxog noXvdojpog evavrcr] r)X$e tieovoa, 
'Avdpofidx?), dvydrrip \LeyaXrvropog 'Herioyvog, 

* Homer's Iliad, vi., 369. 



156 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

'Heroov, og evaiev vnb ILXdfCG) vXr\EGO^ 

Qrj(3^ 'YnonXani r q, Ki/U/cecra' avdpeooiv dvdooov • 

Tov nep drj -&vydr7]p £%£#' "Europe x a ^ ICOfCO P V(JT V' 30 

"H ol enetr'' t\vt7\o\ d\ia d' dpoinoXog Kiev avry, 

Hold'' enl noXncd exovo' draXdtppova, vrjniov avrvg, 

'FifCTOpLdrjv dyanrjrbv, aXiyttiov dorepi naXC) ■ 

Tov p' "E/crwp KaXeeaae Sicapdvdpiov, avrdp ol aXXoi 

'AarvdvaicT' ■ oZo$* yap epvero "IXiov "E/crwp. 35 

"Hrot 6 jwev fieidrjoev Idcjv eg nalda oton-y' 

'Avdpojjidx'i] de ol dyxi napioraro datcpvxeovGa, 

"Ev r' apa o/ <2>£> x ei P^ snog r' e<par\ etc r' ovopa^ev 

Acufiovce, (fy&ioei oe to gov [levog, ovd y eXeaipeig 
Haldd re vrjniaxov, teal ep 1 dppopov, rj rdxa XVP1 40 
Hev iGopai • rdxa yap Ge naratcraveovGtv 'Axacol, 
Tldvreg e(f}opp7]$evreg • kfioi de ice teepdeov eli], 
2ev d(pap,aprovG , Q, x^ ova dvpevai • ov yap er' aXXr\ 
"FiGrat, ■daXnoyprj, en el dv Gvye norpov encGnqg, 
'A/l/l' a%e' * ovde \ioi eon rrarrjp teal nbrvia [irjrrjp • 45 
y HroL yap narep 1 dpbv dnenrave Slog 'AxiXXevg, 
'Ere de noXiv nepGev KlXlkmv evvaierdodGav, 
Qrjprjv vipinvXov Kara d' earavev ''Herioiva, 
Ovde piv e%evdpi%e ' GefiaGGaro yap roye Svpcp ■ 
'AAA' apa \iiv Karmrje ovv evreoi datdaXeotGLV, 50 

'Hd' enl Gr\p? exeev ■ nepl de nreXeag e<pvrevGav 
"Nvpcpai. opeGTtddeg, novpai Acbg aiyibxoio. 
Ol de fioc enrd naGiyvrjroi eGav ev [xeydpoiGiv, 
Ol fiev ndvreg 16) k'lov r\pari 'A'idog e'loo) • 
Hdvrag yap nareneepve noddpttrjg Slog 'AxiXXevg, 55 
Bovglv en* elXinodeGGi koX dpyevvyg oieggiv. 
Mrjrepa d', r[ (3aGiXevev vnb UXdfCG) vXrieGG^, 
Trjv enel dp devp 1 rjyay' ap,' dXXoiGi KredreGGiv, 
''Aip oye rr\v dneXvGe, Xa(3ci)v anepeiGi 9 dnotva- 
Uarpbg d' ev [leydpoiGi (3dX' v Apre[iig loxeaipa. GO 

e '~E/CTop, drdp gv [ioi Iggi narrjp ttal norvta [Lr\rr\p, 
'Hde tcaGiyvTjTog, gv de pot daXepbg napaKoirr\g. 
'A/l/l' dye vvv eXeatpe, nal avrov [ii[iv 9 enl nvpyo), 



I. MEETING OF HECTOR AND ANDROMACHE. 157 

Mi) rcald' ofxpavmbv $e%$*, X1PV V re yvvaliea* 

Aabv fie gttjgov Trap' epivebv, ev&a pdXiGra 65 

"Afifiarog ean TtoXig, Kal entSpop-ov enXero relxog. 

Tplg yap T^y' eX-dovreg eTTeipi]Gav&' > ol apioroi, 

'Ap£' Alavre dvo Kal ayaKXvrbv 'IdofievTJa^ 

'H<T afjup' 'Arpeidag Kal Tvdeog aXaip,ov vlov 

"H ttov rig ofyiv evione deonpomGyv ev eld&g, 70 

*H vv real avrdv -dvpbg error pvvei ical dvdjyei. 

Trjv 6' avre Trpoaeeine fieyag KopvftaloXog "Etcrcop • 
T H Kal ep,ol Tads ndvra fieXei, yvvat • aXXa fiaX' alvwg 
Aldeojiai Tptiag Kal Tpcoddag eXfceonrenXovg, 
At K6, naKog tog, voofav dXvofcd^G) iroXejioio- 75 

Ovde fie $vfibg avoyev, enel pAftov efipevai eo$Xbg 
Alel, Kal Trp&Toict fiera Tpcjeaac fidxeoftai, 
'Apvvfievog narpog re fieya KXeog i]d' kfibv avrov. 
Ev yap eyo) rode 616a Kara (f>peva Kal Kara $v[idv t 
"Eaaerai rjfiap, or J av ttot' 6Xg)X%i "IXiog Iprj, 80 

Kal Hpiafiog Kal Xabg kvfifieXio Hpidfioio. 
'AAA' ov fioi TpG)G)v roGGov fieXei aXyog otccggg), 
Ovt' avrrjg 'EKaffrjg, ovre Hpidfioio avaKrog, 
Ovre KaGiyvrjTW, 61 kbv rroXeeg re Kal eG#Xol 
'Ev Kovlx\Gi TveGOiev vtt 1 dvdpaGi dvGfieveeGGiv, 85 

"Oggov aeV, ore Kev rig 'Axai&v x a ^ li0 X lT< ^ V(l)V 
AaKpvoeGGav ayrjrai, eXevdepov r\fiap dnovpag' 
Kal Kev ev "Apyei eovGa, Trpbg aXXrjg Igtov vtpalvoig, 
Kal Kev vdo)p cfyopeocg MeGGrjldog rj 'YnepeLrjg, 
IldAA' deicafrfievT], Kpareprj <T emKBLGer' dvdyKTj * 90 
Kal Tcore rig eItxt^giv, Idibv Kara daKpv x^ 0VGav ' 
"EKTopog r]6e yvvi), bg apiGreveGKe fidxeGdai 
Tp6)G)v lnTrodd[iG)v, ore "IXiov dfKpefidxovro. 
"Q.g nore rig epeei ; goI 6 } av veov eGGerai aXyog 
Xrjrei roiovd' dvdpbg, dfivveiv dovXiov rjfiap. 95 

'AAAa fie redvytira %vrr\ Kara yala KaXvixroi, 
Upiv ye ri Gr\g re (3orjg, gov #' eXKr)-&[iolo Tcv$eG#ai\ 

"Qg elnuv, ov naidbg ope^aro tyaidifiog "E/CTG)p. 
v Ai/j 6' 6 Txciig Trpbg koXttov ev&voio rv^r\vr\g 

O 



158 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

'EkXlv&t] idx^v, narpbg <piXov bxj)Lv drvx&dg, 100 

Tap(3r)oag x a ^ K ° v T ' V°*£ ^-ocpov Imuoxai-TTjV, 
Aeivbv art aKpordrrjg Kopvdog vevovra vorjoag. 
'Eft; 6' eyeXaaae irarr]p re <f)LXog Kai ttotvlcl \ir\rr\p. 
Avtlk' and Kparbg Kopv&' elXero fyaidifiog "E/rrwp, 
Kat ttjv p,ev Kare-drjKev eni x^ ov ^ najicfyavoojoav • 105 
Avrdp by bv (piXov vlbv enel rcvae, nijXe re x E P°* lv i 
Ylnev enev^,d\ievog All r' dXXoiolv re deoloiv - 

Zev, dXXoi re -&eoi, Sore fir) nal rovde yeveodaL 
Jlald' kfibv, <l)g Kai eyoj nep, apmpenea Tpcjeoacv, 
T H6e j3i7]v t' dyadbv, Kai 'IXiov l<pL dvdaoeiv 110 

Kai nore rig elrnqoi • narpbg 6' bye noXXbv dfieivuv ! 
*E«; noXe\iov aviovra- (ftepoi 6' evapa (3por6evra, 
Kreivag drj'iov avdpa, x a ? tl7 \ ^ (ppeva firjrrjp. 

"tig elnoyv, dXoxoio (f>iXr)g ev x e P GiV '^V Kev 
Hold' eov - r\ 6' apa \iiv Krj&dei' de<~aro KoXno) 115 

AaKpvoev yeXdaaaa. Hootg d' eXer\oe vorjoag, 
Xeipi re \iiv Karepei-ev, enog r' ecpar', en r' ovofia^ev 

Aai\iovir\, \ii\ fioi rL Xir\v dnax^o tivfico ! 
Ov ydp rig p? vnep alaav dvrjp "AlSl npoidipeL • 
Molpav d' ovrivd §r\\Li ne§vyp,evov e\L\ievai dvdptiv, 120 
Ov tcatcbv, ovde \iev ec&Xbv, enr\v rd npdra yevqraL, 
'AAA' elg oIkov lovoa rd a' avrrjg epya Ko\ii^e, 
'lorbv r\ 7]Xafcdrr]v re, Kai a\i<^inbXoiaL fceXeve 
"Epyov enolxso'&aL • n6Xe\iog d' avdpeooL \LeXr\aeL 
Uaaiv, ep,ol de [idXcara, rot 'IXlg) eyy eydaoiv. 125 

"Q.g apa (j>o)vrjaag, K.bpvd-'' elXero (fraidifiog "Etcrup 
*\nnovpiv • aXoxog de <piXr] olnovde (3e(3r}Kei, 
'FivrpcmaXi^ofievr}, daXepbv Kara ddnpv x EOvaa " 
Alipa d' enetd-'' laave ddfiovg evvaterdovrag 
"Enropog dvdpocfiovoio' klx^cltq (5' evdotii noXXdg 130 
'Ap,(pnr6Xovg, ryotv de yoov ndcryoLV evtipoev. 
Al (lev erL £o)bv yoov "Enropa & evl olkg)' 
Ov ydp [iiv er' ecpavro vnorponov en iroXe\ioio 
"lifeo&ai, np0(pvy6vra \ievog Kai x ei P a S 'A^ewwv. 



159 



II. Jupiter commands the Gods to remain neutral* 

'Ho)£ fJLEV KpOKOTTETrXoC EKldvCLTO TTCLOaV gV olttV • 

Zevg 6e detiv ayopfjv noirjoaro repmnepavvog, 
' hupoT&rxi K,opv(p^ noXvdeipddog OvXvfinoto, 
Avrog 6e ocf)' dyopeve, Seoi 6' vnb ndvreg cutovov 

KetcXvre fiev, ndvreg re deoi, naval re deaivai, 5 
"Ocpp' elttcl), rd fie -dvfibg evl orrjdeooi neXevet. 
Mrjre rig ovv -ftrfXeia -&ebg roye \ir\re rig aporpt 
Hetpdro) dianepoai ep,bv snog- dXX dfia ndvreg 
Alvelr\ bfypa rd^iora reXevr-fjocj rdde epya. 
,v Ov 6' dv eyibv dndvevSe $e£>v e-deXovra votjoco 10 

'~EX$6vr' rj Tpdjeootv dprjyefiev rj kavaoloiv, 
UXrjyelg ov Kara Koopov, eXevoerai OvXvp,n6v6e' 
"H fitv eX&v ptyo) eg Tdprapov rjepoevra, 
TrjXe fidX', fyi (3d$Lorov vnb x$ovog eon (3epe-&pov 
"Evda oidripeiaL re nvXai nai xaXxeog ovdbg, 15 

Toooov evepW 'Aldeo), ooov ovpavog ear'' and yaiqg' 
Tviooer' enetd-', ooov ei\il -detiv Kapriorog andvr(t)v, 
Et d\ dye, necprjoao-de, -deoi, Iva eldere ndvreg • 
leiprjv xpvoei'qv e% ovpavodev upeybdoavreg, 
Hdvreg 6' e^dnreode deol, naoal re tieaivaf 20 

'AAA' ovk dv epvoair' ei; ovpavodev nediovde 
Zrjv', vnarov \ir\orup' , ovd' el fidXa noXXd fcd/ioire. 
'AXX' ore dfj nai eyo> np6(f)po)v efteXoi/M epvooat, 
Avrrj icev yali] epvoaip? , avr^ re $aXdoo%i' 
Seipijv \iev nev enetra nepl plov OvXv\inoio 25 

Ar)oaifir]v rd 6e ac' avre fierrjopa ndvra yevoiro. 
Toooov eyti> nepi r' eipX deajv, nepi t' elp? dv&p&noiv . 

"tig £0a#' • ol (5' apa ndvreg dfcrjv eyevovro otojny, 
M.V-&0V dyaoodfievot ■ \idXa yap Kpareptig dyopevoev. 

* Iliad, viii., 1-29. 



160 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

III. The Triumph of Achilles over the dead body of Hector, 
and the Lament of Andromache.* 

Tov 6' eirei et-evdptgs Troddp/tTjg Slog 'A^AAevf, 
Srag ev 'Axcuoloiv enea TtrEpoEvr' dyopevev 

T ft (f)iXoi, 'Apyduv rjyrjropeg tjSe fj,edovrec, 
'Jfrneidfi rovd' dvdpa -&eoi dafidoao-frat edcjnav, 
"Oc nana iroXX'' eppe^ev, og' ov av/nravreg oi dXXoi ' 5 
Et 6\ ayer\ dp,(f)i noXiv gvv revx eOL ireLprj'dcofiev, 
"0(f)pa ft' etl yvajfiev Tpuov voov, ovriv" 1 exovglv 
*H KaraXeiipovoiv ttoXlv dttprjv, rovde tteoovtoc, 
'He (jlsvelv fiEfidaai, nai "~E,fcropog ovk,et > eovtoc. 
'A/lAd ri7] fioi ravra (j>iXoc diEXi^aro -&vp,6g ; 10 

Kslrat Trap vfjEOOi VEttvg daXavroc, ddanTog, 
HdrpoicXog • tov 6' ovk emXriooficu, cxpp' dv fywye 
Xteoloiv fiETEO), kcll \ioi (piXa yovvar'' bp&pxj. 
Et 6s davovruv nsp KaraXfi^ovT'' elv 'A'td'ao, 
Avrdp eyo) aal keWl (plXov \iE\ivr\oop? kraipov. 15 

N"Di> (T ay', decSovreg ircurjova, novpoi 'A%aiwv, 
NtjvoIv enl yXa<i>vp ; qoi vetifieda, rovde 6' dyofisv. 
'lIpdfiE$a fieya Kvdog- enecpvo/jiev "Efcropa dlov, 
r Qt TpcJeg Kara dorv, -&£& tig, evx£tog)vto. 

r H pa, Kal "EttTopa dlov aeiicea firjdero epya. 20 

'A[MpOTEpG)V llETOTTlode TToSiOV TETpTjVE TEVOVTE 

'E^ o<pvpbv ek TTTspvrjg, fioeovg (5' e^tttev Ifidvrag, 
'Eft; dicppoio d" eStjge ■ Kdpr\ (5' eXKEodai ea&ev • 
'E^ 6i(f)pov <$' dvafidg, dvd re tcXvrd tevx^ deipag, 
MdoTLgev (5' kXdav, rib d i ovk duovrE tteteg^tjv. 25 

Tov (5' t\v eXkouevqiq novioaXog ■ d\i<bl 6e xalrai 
'K.vdvEai ncTvavro, Kaprj (5* drrav ev kovitjoiv 
YLeIto, ixdpog x a P lEV ' tote 6e TiEvg 6vg\ieve£GGIv 
AtifCEV dELKtooao-daL kirj ev narpidi yaiq. 
*Qg tov \jlev kekovito tcdp7j dnav • tj 6e vv \ir\T7\p 30 
TlXXe k,6\it\v, and 6e Xvnapr\v eppiips KaXvTxrpr\v 
TrjXoGE ' kwkvgev 6s fidXa p,£ya, iralS' sotdovoa. 

* Iliad, xxii., 376-515. 



III. THE TRIUMPH OF ACHILLES. 161 

"&ifi(*)$;ev d' eXeeivd narijp <f>iXog, du(pi 6e Xaol 

K(*)KVT(I> t' elxovro teal olucjyrj Kara aorv 

Tw 6e adXiar' ap' erjv evaXLyKiov, (hg el dixaca 35 

"IXwg 6<f)pv6eooa irvpi ouvxolto Kar' aKprjg. 

Aaol fJLEV pa yepovra \ioyig ex ov doxaX6o)vra f 

'E^eA^etv fxeuaioTa rrvXdcjv Aapdavidoyv. 

Hdvrag (T eXXtrdveve, KvXivdo\ievog Kara Korrpov 

, 'E^ovo/j,aKXrj67]v ovofid^cjv avdpa SKaarov • 40 

l,Xeo-de, (f>iXot, nai ^ olov edaare, tcrjdouevoi nep, 
^^eX'&ovra rroXrjog, iKeoty eni vr\ag 'Axattiv, 
Aioo(x)u J dvepa rovrov drdadaXov, 6(3pifioepybv, 
"Hv rrcjg tjXlkitjv aldeaoerat, ^d' eXerjarj 
Trjpag' Kal de vv r&de narrjp rotoeds rsrvxrat, 45 

UrjXsvg, bg \iiv enters nai srps<f)s, nijfia ysvsodat 
TpojGL ' fidXcora d' euoi irepi ndvrojv aXye' e$7)KEV. 
Toaaovg yap aoi iraldag ansKravs rrjXs'&dovrag • 
T&v navrw ov roaaov odvpofiai, dxvvuevog irep, 
'&g evbg, ov //' &xog 6%v Karoiaerai "A'idog etao, 50 
"EitTopog ■ <bg ocpeXev ftaveeiv ev x E 9 aiv ty'QOivl 
Tai ks fcopecFodfieda nXaiovrs rs, fivpofievG) re, 
M.7]T7)p #', 7] \iiv erircre, dvodfipopog, 7)6' eyo) avrog. 

"Qg e(f>aro tcXaioyv ■ enl 6s arevdxovro noXlrai ■ 
Tpojyjoiv d' 'Efta/^ ddivov e^rjpxe yooto • 55 

Tenvov, eyCd detXrj rl vv (ieiofiat, alvd naftovoa, 
'Lev dnore'&vrjGjTog ; o \ioi vvKrag re nai r\\iap 
~EiVxu>Xr\ Kara aorv ttsXsokso, ixdai t' bvsiap 
TpG)0~l rs Kal Tpurjoc Kara ixroXiv, ol as, -&sbv cog, 
A£t(5e%ar' . rj yap Ke otyi \idXa \ieya Kvdog eTjotia, 60 
Zobg ecov • vvv av ftdvarog Kal Molpa Kixdvei \ 

"&g ecparo KXaiov& • aXoxog d y ovncj ri irenvcrro 
"EKropog- ov yap ol rig errjrvfiog ayyeXog eXSo)v 
"HyyeiA', brri pa ol rroatg ekto&l \ii\ive irvXdcov. 
'AAA' rpf larbv v(paLve, \ivx&> dbfiov viprjXolo, 65 

MnXaKa Trop<pvper)v, ev de $pova ttoikiX' enaoaev. 
KeKXero d' d\i<^iv:6XoiGiv evTxXoKa\ioig Kara dtifia, 
'Au(f)i rcvpi arr\aai rplnoda fieyav, b<ppa ireXoLro 
O 2 



162 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

"Efcropi -&epiia Xosrpd fid^qg etc voGTrjGavrt • 

NrjTTirj, ovd 1 evo7]oev, b \iiv \idXa rr)XE XoErp&v 70 

Xepaiv 'AxiXXrjog ddfiaoe yXavKGJmg 'A-d^vr}. 

Ko)kvtov (5' 7JK0vae nai olp,G)yr)g dirb rtvpyov, 

Trjg 6 3 eXeXlx&t] yvla, %ap,al °^ 0L '^ 7Te ^ £ fcepicig • 

'H (5' avrig Sfioy^Gtv EV"nXoK,d\ioiGi \iErr\vda • 

Aevre, 6vo) \ioi etteg'&ov, idcjfi', anv 1 spya rirvurat. 
Aldoirjg EK,vpr)g onbg ekXvov • kv 6 1 E{ioi avr^j 76 

Hrrjdeai naXXerai rrrop dvd OTOfia, veptie 6e yovva 
Hf)yvvrai • tyyvg drj n nanbv UpLapoio tekeggiv. 
At yap drf ovarog zlr\ e\iev snog ! dXXd \idV aivCog 
Aet(Ja>, fj,r) 6f) \ioi -dpaavv "E/cropa dlog 'AftiXXevg, 80 
Movvov aTTOT\ir)£,ag rroXcog, nediovde dtrjrai, 
Kai 6f) \iiv Karanavaxi dyr\vopir\g dXsysLvfjg, 
"H \iiv e^egx? • enei ovnor' evi irXrj'&vi fievev dvdp&v, 
J AXXd rroXv TrpodeeoitE, to bv p,ivog ovdevi elkwv. 

"Qg (fHLfisvr}, \iEydpoio Sleggvto, \iaivdoi lor}, 85 

IlaXXofjLEvrj upadirrv d\ia 6' d\i$iTtoXoi klov avry. 
Avrdp etteI Trvpyov te not dvdptiv c^ev 6jj,lXov, 
"~E,Grrj Tranrrjvaa' ettI Tel%ei* rbv d* svorjGEV 
''EXudfiEVov npoodEV noXiog • ra^EEg 6e \llv tnnot 
"EXkov dKrjdEorug KoiXag ettl vr\ag 'A^atwv. 90 

Trjv 6e tear' 6cf)^aXfiu)v Ep£J3Ewr] vv^ EfcdXvipEV • 

"KpLTTE 6\ E^OTTLGO), dnb Ss IpV^^jV EfCaTTVGGEV. 

TfjXs 6' and ttparbg ^ee dsG/iara oiyaXoEvra, 
*Ap.nvKa, KEKpvfyaXov r*, rjds ixXekt^v avad£G\ir\v, 
Kprjds/iivov -&', o pd ol 6CdHE %pvG£r\ 'Acppodirr], 95 

"Kfiari rco, ote \iiv nopv$aioXog rjydyEd'' "E/CTWp 
'E/c Sbfiov 'Heriwvof, ettec nops p,vpia sdva. 
'A[i(f>i 6s fiLV yaXocp te nai ElvarEpsg dXig egtclv, 
At k fiErd ocpioiv eI%ov drv^o^Evrjv anoXia-dai. 
f H 6' etceI ovv d[X7TVVT0, nai kg (f>pEva fivfibg dyepdrj, 100 
' AfJLfiXrjdriv yoocjoa, p,Era Tporjotv eelttev • 

"F,KTop, kyo) dvorrjvog ! ly dpa ysLvofiE^ alar] 
'Afi^OTEpoi, gv fisv ev Tpoly Upidfiov Kara 6£)\ia r 
Avrdp eyw QrifiyGtv vnb HXdicG) vXriEGG^ 



III. THE LAMENT OF ANDROMACHE. 163 

'Ev do/iG) 'Heriuvog, 6 \i y erpe<f)e rvrtibv eovoav, 105 
Avouopog alvdfiopov • (bg p,rj uxpeXXe reKeo-^ai ! 
Nw de gv fisv 'Atdao do^ovg, imb Kev^eoi, yaiqg, 
"Ep%£<M, avrdp e^e orvyepG) evl Trev&et Xeineig 
Xrjprjv ev p,eydpotGf irdlg d' en vrpxiog avrcjg, 
"Ov reKOfiev ov r' eyc5 re dvod\i\LOpoi • ovre ov rovro) 110 
"Eooeai, "Efcrop, bvetap, enel ddveg, ovre ooi ovrog. 
v Hv yap drj noXeuov ye (f)vyq iroXvdaKpvv 'A%aiwv, 
Alec roc tovtg) ye novog Kal K7]de' ottlggco 
"Eooovr' • dXXoi yap 61 dnovpiooovoLV dpovpag. 
r iijxap d' opcpavcKOv navacprjXiKa nalda ridrjoiv • 115 
Udvra 6' vnefifirj^vKe, dedaKpvvrat de napeiai. 
Aevouevog de t' dvetGi nd'ig eg narpbg eraipovg, 
"AXXov [lev xXaivr\g epvcov, dXXov de xir&vog • 
Twv & eXerjodvruv KorvXr]v rig rvrtibv eneoxsv, 
XeiXea \xev r' edtr]v\ vTreptirjv cT ovk edlrjvev. 120 

Tbv de Kal d[i(f)i$aXrig en dairvog eo~rv(peXit;ev , 
Xepolv TrenXTjycbg, Kal bveideioiaiv evlooGJv • 
"Epp' ovrcjg- ov oog ye Trarfjp \ieradaivvrai rjfiXv. 
Aarcpvoeig de t' dvetGi naig eg \ir\repa XlP^i 
'Aorvdval;, og rcplv p,ev eov errl yovvaoi narpbg 125 
MveXbv olov edeoKe, Kal olojv irtova drjiiov ■ 
Avrap o#' vnvog eXot, navoairo re vrjmaxevov, 
EvdeoK 1 ev XeKrpoioiv, ev ayKaXideoot n$f]V7]g, 
Evvrj evl [laXaKTJ, daXeuv e\LTrXr\od\ievog kt\o ' 
Niiv d' av iroXXd ndSrjGL, <piXov dnb rrarpbg auapr&v, 130 
'Aorv dva%, bv Tpweg eixiKXr^oiv KaXeovoiv ■ 
(Slog yap G(f)iv epvoo nvXag Kal reu^ea \iaKpd. 
T&vv de Ge p,ev napa vtjvgI Kopcoviot, voo<pi roKrjojv, 
AloXai evXal edovrai, e-rreC Ke Kvveg Kopeocdvrat, 
Tvfxvov • drdp rot elaar' evl fj,eydpOLOt Keovrat, 135 

Aetrrd re Kal xapievra, rervyueva %epGl yvvaiK&v. 
'A AX' TJrot rdde rrdvra KaracpXe^G) nvpl Kr\Xete, 
Ovdev ooi y' bcpeXog, ercel ovk eyKeioeai avrolg, 
'A XXd rrpbg Tpcbcjv Kal Tpotddov KXeog elvai. 

"SLg e(f>aro KXaiovo '• eirl de orevd^ovro yvvaiKeg. 140 



164 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

IV. Priam supplicates Achilles for the dead Body of Hector.* 

Tepo)v d 1 i$vg Kiev o'itcov, 

Txi p J 'Axt-Xevg l^eone, Au <f)LXog' ev de \liv avrbv 

Evp' * erapoi d' dndvev&e Kafteiaro ■ tg> de dy' olo), 

"Hpcjg Avrop,edojv re Kal v AXKip,og, b^og "Apqog, 

Uolttvvov irapebvre ' veov d' dneXrjyev edodrjs, 5 

"Eo$G)v Kal ttlvcjv, en Kal irapeKEiro rpdne^a. 

Tovg d' eAa#' eiGeXfiuv Upiapoz fieyag, b\y%i 6* dpa Grdg 

Xspalv 'AxiXXtjoc Xd(3e yovvara, Kal Kvae %£lpac- 

Aeivdg, dvdpo(p6vovg, at ol rroXeag Krdvov vlag. 

'Qg <T brav avdp' arr} tcvkivt} Xdfixi, ogt 1 evl ndrpxj 10 

$wtc KaraKretvag, aXXuv e^Uero drjiiov, 

'Avdpbg eg d(pveiov, -&dp,(3og d' e^ei eloopocjvrag * 

"Qg 'AxiXevg -ddjiPrjoev, Idibv Hpta/iov deoeidea- 

Bafifirjoav de Kal dXXot, eg dXXrjXovg de Idovro. 

Tov Kal Xioodfievog Upiajiog irpbg {ivftov eemev 15 

Mvrjoac irarpbg oelo, -deolg emeiKeX'' 'A^tAAev, 
TtjXikov, faoirep eyd)v, oXoti em yrjpaog ovdu>. 
Kal fjbev ttov Kelvov 'nepivaierai dpL(plg eovreg 
Teipova\ ovde rig eoriv dpfjv Kal Xoiybv a\ivvai • 
'AAA' rjroc Kelvog ye, oetiev ^ovrog aKovoiv, 20 

~Kaipet f ev fty/iti, em r' eXfrerai 7\\iara rrdvra 
"Oipeodac (jiiXov vlbv, and Tpot7]-&e \ioX6vra. 
Avrdp eyd) TravdnoTfiog, enel rmov vlag dptarovg 
Tpoirj ev evpeirj • rtiv (T ovnvd ^>r\\ii XeXelfoftai. 
HevrrjKovTa \ioi rjoav, or'' tjXv&ov vleg 'Axattiv. 25 

Twv fiev ttoXXgjv -dovpog "Aprjg imb yovvar' eXvaev • 
"0$" de p,oi olog erjv, eipvro de darv Kal avrovg, 
Tov gv Trpo)7]v Krelvag, dfivvofievov nepl irdrp'qg, 
"1&KTopa • tov vvv eivex' iKavo) vr\ag 'Axaitiv, 
Avoofievog napd GeTo, <f)epG) d' dixepeiGC arrotva. 30 

'AAA' aldelo deovg, 'AxiXev, avrov r' eXerjGOV, 

* Iliad, xxiv., 471-675. Priam, under the guidance of Mercury, 
has reached the tent of Achilles. There leaving his car and charioteer, 
he enters the tent. 



165 

Mv7]<7dfj,evog aov narpog- syo) J' sXssivorspog nsp, 
"ErXrjv 6\ oV oviro) rig smx^bviog (3porbg aXXog, 
J Av6pbg nai6oc/)6voio norl aro\ia %e£p' opsysodai. 

"£lg (pdro ■ tgj 6' apa narpbg {></>' l\ispov uypas yooio • 
'Aipdfisvog 6 J apa ^etpdf, dnojoaro rjfca yspovra. 36 

To) 6s (iVTjoafisvG), 6 p,sv "Exropog av6pocp6voio, 
KXaV ddiva, npondpocds no6aJv 'AxiXijog sXvo$sig • 
Avrdp 'AxiXXsvg kXoLsv sbv narsp\ dXXore d' avre 
HdrpotcXov • rwv 6s arova^r\ Kara 6G)p,ar' > opupsi. 40 
Avrdp snsi pa yooio rsrdpnsro 6log 'AxiXXsvg, 
Avtlk? and dpovov upro, yspovra 6s %sipbg aviary 
Olfcrsipcjv noXiov ts ftdprj, noXiov rs ysvsiov ■ 
K.ai fiuv (fycjVTjaag snsa nrsposvra npoor\v6a m 

r A 6siX\ tj 6rj noXXa Kan? &wo%eo gov Kara tivfiov. 45 
Hug srXrjg sni vr\ag 'Axaitiv sXtis/isv olog, 
'Av6pbg sg 6<fi-&aXfj,ovg, bg rot noXsag rs nai sc&Xovg 
Yleag s^svdpii-a ; Gi6r\psiov vv rot 7\rop. 
'A/U,' ays 6r\ Kar' ap' s£sv sni -dpovov • aXysa d' efinqg 
'Ev -&V/IG) Karatisloftai sdaofisv, dxvvfisvoi nsp. 50 

Ov yap rig nprj^ig nsXsrai rcpvspolo yooio. 
*Qg yap ensfcXdjoavro -dsol 6siXoigi pporoiGiv, 
Zcjsiv dxwusvoig ■ avrol 6s r' dtc7}6ssg slaiv. 
koiol yap rs niftoi Karansiarai sv kibg ov6si, 
&Gjpo)v, ola 616001, fcanojv, srspog 6s, r' sd(*)v ' 55 

r Qi fisv «' d\i\ii%ag 6(pr) Zsvg rspniKspavvog, 
"AXXors p,sv rs KaKto bys ttvpsrai, dXXors (5' sg&XC) • 
r £li 6s ks rcjv Xvypdv 6g)7), Xg)(37]tov s$t]ksv • 
Kai s Kanrj J3ovf3po)orig sni x^ ova 6lav sXavvei • 
Qoira 6\ ovrs ■dsoloi rsriusvog, ovrs (3porolaiv. 60 

"Qg p,sv nai HrjXrj'i dsoi 66aav dyXad 6tipa 
'Eft: ysvsrrjg- ndvrag yap sn' dvdpcjnovg sasaaaro 
v OX(3g) rs, ttXovtg) rs, avaoos 6s Mvpp,i66vsooiv 
Kat ol -&V7JTU) sovri $sdv noLTjoav duoiriv • 
i AXX i sni nai rai -&tjks $sbg KaKbv, brri ol ovn 65 

Tiai6(x)v sv usydpoiai yovr\ ysvsro Kpsiovrcdv. 
'AAA' sva nal6a tsksv navaugiov • ov6s vv rov ye 



166 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

TrjpdoKovra iwpt^G) ■ enel fidXa rr\X6$i Trdrprjg 

r Hpat evl Tpoir), oe re ktjSov r)de ad reKva. 

K.al oe, yepov, rb rrplv pev aKovopev bXj3iov elvai • 70 

"Oooov Aeo(3og dvco, Mdicapog edog, evrbg eepyei, 

Kal <&pvyir\ Kadvireptie Kal '~EXXr)oTrovrog dnelpcov • 

THi)v oe, yepov, rrXovrco re Kal vidoi (paol nendo^ai. 

Avrap eixei rot rrrjpa rod' i\yayov Ovpavloveg, 

Kiel rot Tcepl dorv pax^i r' dvdpoKraoiai re ■ 75 

"Avoxeo, prjd' dXlaorov odvpeo gov Kara -ftvpov. 

Ov yap ri TTprj^ecg aKax^jpevog vlog erjog, 

Ovde pw avorr)oeig, irplv Kal KaKov dXXo nd'&rjO'&a. 

Tov 6' ripe'ifier'' enetra yepo)v Uplapog -&eoeidf)g- 
Mr) pi 776) eg -&povov l£e, Aiorpepeg, b^pa Kev f/ E/cra)p 
K.elrai evl KXcoirjoiv aKrjdrjg • dXXd rdx^ora 8 1 

Avoov, £V ocpdaXpoloiv tdo) • ov de de^ai anoLva 
ILoXXa, rd rot (pepopev • ov de rdvS' dnovaio, Kal eXdoig 
2?)v eg narptda yalav, enet fie nptirov eaoag. 
Tov d' dp > vnoSpa Iddv npooecprj irodag o)Kvg 'AxiXXevg* 
Mr] Ken vvv p 1 epefti^e, yepov • voeo) de Kal avrbg 86 
"E/cropa roi Xvoai • Uto-dev de pot dyyeXog r)X$ev 
MrjTTjp, 7] jit' ereKev, dvydrrjp dXloio yepovrog. 
Kew de oe yiyvcooKG), Tlpiape, <ppeolv, ovde pe Xr)$eig, 
"Orri ftetiv rig cr' r)ye dodg em vr)ag 'Axaitov. 90 

Ov yap Ke rXair\ (3porbg eXftepev, ovde pdX' > rjfitiv, 
'E^ orparbv • ovde yap av (pvXaKovg Xdftoi, ovde k 1 oxrjag 
'Pela peroxXLoaeie -&vpdo)v rjperepdov. 
Tg> vvv pi) poi pdXXov ev dXyeoi ftvpbv dpivrjg- 
Mr) ae, yepov, ovd' avrbv evl kXloltjolv edoo), 95 

~Kal iKerrrv irep eovra, Awg r' aXirDpat e<perpdg. 

*Q.g e<par' > • eddeioev d" 1 6 yepojv, Kal eneidero p;#o>. 
HrjXeidrjg d' oIkoio, Xeoyv &g, dXro -dvpa^e, 
Ovk olog • dpa r&ye dvcj ftepdirovreg enovro, 
"Kpog Avropedojv r)d' "AXKipog, ovg pa pdXiara 100 
TV 'AxiXevg erd.poyv, \iera UdrpoKXov ye -&avovra. 
Ot roW imb £vy6(f)iv Xvov Innovg r)piovovg re, 
'Ef (5' dyayov KrjpvKa KaXf)ropa rolo yepovrog' 



IV. PRIAM S SUPPLICATION. 167 

Kdd d' enl dicppov elaav • ev^earov 6" an' dnrjV7]g 

"Ripeov 'EKroperjg Ke(paXi\g dnepeiuC anoiva. 105 

Kdd d' eXmov dvo <pdpe\ evvvryrov re x Lr & va i 

"0<ppa venvv nvKaaag 6g)7] oltcovde (pepeotiai. 

Aji(x)dg (5' eKKaXeaag Xovaai KeXer\ d\i$i r' dXelipai, 

~NoG(f)LV aeipdaag, &g \ir\ Upca/iog Idot vlov • 

Mr/ 6 fiev dxwfjLevQ Kpadlrj ^oXov ovfc epvaairo, 110 

TLalda Idcbv, 'AxiXiji <5' opLvtieir] (piXov rjrop, 

Kal e KaraKreiveie, At,og d' dXlrr\rai ecperpdg. 

Tov d' enel ovv dpoai Xovoav Kal xploav eXaito, 

'Afupi de \iiv cpdpog naXbv (3dXov r\de ^irojva, 

Avrog rovy' 'AxtXevg Ae^ewv enedrjicev deipag, 115 

2,vv 6' erapoi ijeipav ev^earr\v en' dnrjvrjv. 

v SLi\L<jz£,ev t' ap' eneira, (plXov d' ovdfirjvev eralpov 

M?] floe, IldrpoKXe, GKvd\iaivi[iev^ at ne nv&rjat 
Etv "A'idog nep etiv, on "EfCTOpa dlov eXvaa 
TLarpi (plXco • enel ov uoi aeiKea doJKev anoiva ■ 120 

Hoi <5' av eyo) Kal Ttovd' dnoddaao\iai, boa'' eneoiKev. 

T H pa, Kal eg kXloltjv ndXtv rfie dlog 'AxtXXevg. 
"E^ero d 1 ev KXiOfiib noXvdatddX(jd, ev&ev dvearr], 
Toixov row erepov, norl de Tipia\iov <pdro fiv&ov. 

Tlog fiev drj toi XeXvrai, yepov. Cog eKeXeveg, 125 
Kelrai 6' ev Xexeeoo' ■ d\ia d' r)ol (patvoiievrjfav 
"Oxpeat avrog dyodv . vvv de \ivr\o(^\ieda dopnov. 
Kal yap r' 7}VKO[iog ~Ni6j37) e\ivr\aaro airov, 
Tfjnep dcjdeKa naldeg evl fxeydpoiatv oXovro, 
"E£ [iev dvyarepeg, et- d> vleeg rjficoovreg. 130 

Tovg \iev 'AnoXXodv necpvev an* dpyvpeoio (3colo, 
'Kodfievog N(6/3r/, rag d' 'Apre^iig lox^atpa, 
Ovvek' dpa Arjrol iodoKero KaXXmap^ ■ 
$7j doio) reKeeiv, r\ d' avrrj yeivaro noXXovg' 
Tg) (5' dpa, Kal 6olo> nep eovr\ and navrag oXeooav. 135 
0/ fiev ap' evvrjiiap Kear 1 ev (J)6vg), ovde ng r\ev 
Karddipat, • Xaovg de XiSovg irolrjGe Kpovlcjv • 
Tovg (5' dpa rr\ deKariQ tidibav $eol Ovpavtoveg. 
'H (5' dpa oirov \ivi\aar\ enel Kdjie daKpvx^ovaa. 



168 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

NiJV 6e 7TOV tv TTETprjOLV, EV OVpEGLV oloTToXoLOLV, 140 

'Ev SittvXg), b$i (paal -&edo)v e\i\ievai evvdg 

Nvfi(f>dG)v, air* ap£' 'AxeXuiov eppuioavro, 

"Ev#a, Xidog nep eovoa, #eah> en Kr)6ea ireaaei. 

'A/l/l' dye Si) Kai viol fiedwfie&a, die yepate, 

Sirov, eneird kev avre (biXov iralda KXacrja^a, 145 

"IXiov elg dyayuv • iroXvddKpvrog 6e rot earai. 

T H, Kai dvat^ag blv apyv<pov (bxvg 'AxiXXevg 
2</>a£' ■ erapoi d' edepov re Kai dficpenov ev Kara kog{iov, 
MiorvXXov r' dp" 1 emorafievayg, irelpdv r' 6(3eXolotv, 
"&TTT7](rdv re TrepKppadecjg, epvaavro re ndvra. 150 

Avro^edcjv d' dpa olrov eXd>v eireveifie rpanety 
YLaXolg ev Kaveoioiv • drdp tcpea velfiev ^Ax^XXevg. 
Ol 6' e7r' oveiaW erol\ia npoKei\Leva %elpa<; laXXov. 
Avrdp errei nooiog Kai edrjrvog e| epov evro, 
"Ktol Aapdavidrjg Uplafiog -davfia? 'A^Af/a, 155 

"Oooog erjv, olog re- -deolou yap dvra etiicei. 
Avrdp &apdavidrjv Hpiafiov ^av\iafyv 'A^AAevc, 
'Eiaopoov oipLV r' dya-&r)v, Kai fivdov duovodv. 
Avrdp enei rdpnrjoav eg dXXf)Xovg opouvreg, 
Tov Trporepog npooeenre yepov Uplafiog -&eoetdrjg' 160 

Aei-ov vvv p,e rd%iora, Acorpetyeg, 6<ppa Kev rjdr) 
"Tttvo) vno yXvKepti rapncjfxe'&a KOLfirj&evreg. 
Ov yap no) \ivaav oaoe vno (3Xecf)dpoiOLV ejioloiv, 
'E£ ov cyig vno x e P aiv fyd$ nalg &Xeoe -&vfj,6v • 
'AXX f alel orevdx^ Kai Krjdea \ivpla neoeo, 165 

AvXr)g ev xpproioi K,vXiv66\ievog Kara Konpov. 
N£>v fir} Kai olrov naodfirjv, Kai aWona olvov 
AavKavir\g KatierjKa ■ ndpog ye \iev ovn nendo\Mr\v. 

r H p\ 'A^iXevg 6' erdpoioiv Ide dfioyot KeXevaev, 
Aefivt' vn' aldovo?) $E\ievai, Kai prp/ea KaXd 170 

ILop(j)vpe' efij3aXeecv, cropeaai t' e<pvnep$e rdnTjrag, 
XXalvag r' ev$e\ievai ovXag Kadvnepdev eoaG&ai. 
At 6' laav eK jieydpoio, ddog fierd xepaiv exovaai • 
Alipa 6' dpa aropecav doid) Xfye' eyKoveovoai. 
Tov 6' eniKeprofieoiv npoGe<\>r\ nodag coKvg 'Ax^XXevg* 



iv. priam's supplication. 169 

'Euros [lev drj Xei-o, yepov <piXe ■ [ir\rig ^A%ai&v 176 
'Ei>#d(J' eneX&QGtv ftovXrjcpopog, olre [ioi alel 
BovXdg (3ovXevovGi 7raprj[ievot, § $e[iig eariv • 
Tc5v el rig oe Idoiro -&or}v did vvrcra [leXacvav, 
Avtlk,' av e^eiTTOt ' Ay auifivovc 7zoi[ievt Xa&v, 180 

Kal nev dvd{3Xr)Gig XvGiog venpolo yevotro. 
'AAA' aye [ioi rode elne, Kal drpe/ceojg KardXei-ov, 
Hogg?] fiap \ie\iovag Krepec^efiev "Enropa dlov, 
v O(f>pa reo)g avrog re fievo) Kal Xabv epvfco). 

Tbv 6' TjfietPer' enetra yepcjv ILptafiog -&eoeidr]g' 185 
Et [iev drj p? efteXeig reXeaai rdcpov "EnropL dta>, 
T Qde Ke \iot pefav, 'AxiXev, KexapLGfieva -Seirig. 
OiG&a yap, &g Kara darv eeX/ieda, rr\X6$i d' vX?) 
'Ai-ejiev ei; bpeog • fidXa 6e Tptieg dediaoiv. 
'Fivvrjfiap \iev /c' avrbv evl [leydpoig yodoifiev, 190 

T^ deKarq 6e Ke dd-rrroifiev, dalvvro re Xaog' 
'"EvdeKarq 6e Ke rvfif3ov £7r' avrCd Troirjoatfiev, 
T^ 6e dvG)deKdr%f noXe\ii%o\iev , elixep dvdyKrj. 

Tov <T avre npoGeeme TcoddpKTjg dlog 'A%iXXevg~ 
"Ear at rot Kal ravra, yepov Ii.pia\i\ <bg av KeXevecg. 195 
SxrjGO) yap rooaov iroXefiov %p6vov, oggov avoyyag. 

"&g apa <p(i)V7]Gag, enl Kapnti %elpa yepovrog 
"IZXXa(3e 6e%irepr\v, firjirog de'iGeC evl &vfi&. 
Ol fiev ap J ev irpodofMi) 66[iov avro$i KOtfirjGavro, 
Krjpvt- Kal ILptafiog, nvKtva (ppeol ^de' e%ovreg. 200 
Avrdp 'Axt>XXevg evde [ivx& nXcGlrjg evnrjKrov, 

P 



170 POETICAL EXTRACTS, 



ODES OF ANACREON. 

I. On his Lyre. 
QsXo) Xsysiv 'A.Tpeidag, 
OsXo) 6s Kddfiov a6siv • 
f H (3dpj3iTog 6s %op6alg 
"EpWTa \iovvov T)%sl. 

"Hfieiipa vsvpa npG)7)v, 5 

Kai rr\v Xvprjv anaoav • 
Kdyib fiev x\6ov ddXovg 
'HpanXsovg • Xvpr\ 6s 
"'Epcorag dvTsfy&vsc. 

Xalpoire Xolitov r\\ilv 10 

"Hpusg ■ 7} Xvpr\ yap 
Movovg "Epcorag adet,. 

II. The Rose. 
To podov to t&v 'Epcjrcjv 
' f Avafii$-G)p,ev Alovvog) ■ 
To podov to aaXXifyvXXov 
KpOTd(f)OLOLv apfj,6oavT£g, 
HivGinev d(3pd ysXcovTsg. 5 

( F66ov, (b (peptGTOv av&og, 
'Podov elapog fisXrjfjia • 
t P66a nal deoloi Tspnvd. 
'F66a nalg 6 T?)g Kv&rjprjg 
I>Te(pSTaL naXolg lovXoig, 10 

XapiTeooi ovyxopevov. 
STeipov ovv lis, not Xvpifav 
Hapd aolg, Atovvas, orjKolg, 
MsTd Kovprjg j3a-&vit6XTTOV 
'FodivoLOi OTecpavLOKOig 15 

Usnvicaafjisvog, xopzvou. 



ODES OF ANACREON. 171 

V HI. To a Dove. 

'Epaafilrj -neXeia, 
TL6-&EV, tto#ev nordcai ; 
J16-&EV fivpcov TOGOvroyv, 
'Ett* rjepog tieovaa, 

XLvEEig te Kal ipEKd&ig ; 5 

Tig slg ; rl gol \le\ei 6e ; — 

'A.VCLKpEG)V fj, 1 ETTEfllpS 

Hpbg rralda, rrpbg BdftvXkov, 

Tdv dpTt rCjv dndvrov 

Kparovvra nai rvpavvov. 10 

ILETTpCLKE \C 7} Kv$7)p7), 

Aa(3ovoa uiKpbv vfivov* 

'Eyw (5' 'AvaKpEOVTt 

kianovQ) rooavra. 

Kal vvv, opag, ekelvov 15 

'E,mo~oXdg KOfii^w 

Kal (pjjOiv ev&ECjg [is 

'FiXEV&EpTjV TTOLrjGELV. 

'Eyw 6s, rcrjv d(py fie, 

Aovhr] jJLEvCd Trap 1 avrti. 20 

Tl yap fiE del ixiraG^ai 

"Op7) re Kal nar' dypovg, 

Kal devSpeocv naM^Eiv, 

Qayovoav aypwv tl ; 

Tavvv eSoj p,Ev aprov, 25 

'A0apTrd(ra(Ta xEtptiv 

'AvaicpEovTog avrov • 

UleIv 6s fiot dCduct 

TOV olvOV, OV TTpOTTLVEL. 

Jlcovaa 6' dv xopsvu), 30 

Kal 6egtt6t7]v e\lq~lgl 

TLrEpolGt GVGKld^G), 
KOLfjUD/AEVT] <T £77' ai)T& 

To5 (SapBiTG) na'&Evdod. 



172 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 



"Efteig anavr 1 ■ aireX'&e. 35 

AaXiorepav \C edrjicag, 
"Avdpoire, teal ttop&vr\g. 

IV. To a Swallow. 

Si) [iev, cf>lXrj %e/U(5dv, 

'FjTtjolt] [loXovoa, 

Qepec irXeiceLg ttaXirjv 

XsifiaJvc 6* elg d(pavrog 

*H 'NelXov rj 'trl Mifupiv. 5 

"Epcjg d' del irXeicei \iev 

'Ev Kapdiyi KaXirjv. 

H6-&og d' 6 [iev Trrepovrat, 

'O (T WOV £<7T£2> dlC[J,7jV, 

'O d' 7][iiXeTTTog TJdrj. 10 

Bo?) de ytyver' atet 

Ke^yvdrcyv veoootiv 

'EpojTidelg de [impovg 

Ol [lel^oveg rpffyovouv. 

Ol de rpa(pevreg evftvg 15 

TLdXiv kvovolv dXXovg. 

Tt [ir\%og ovv yevr\rai ; 

Ov yap odevo) roaovrovg 

"Epcjrag efcooprjoat. 

V. Return of Spring. 

"Ids, Tcojg eapog (pavevrog 

"Kdptreg poda fipvovocv • 

"Ide, TTGJg KV[ia -&aXdaar}g 

'AnaXvverat yaXrjvyj • 

"Ide, iTGJg vrjaaa noXv[i(ia * 5 

"Ide, TTGJg yepavog odevec • 

'AcpeX&g d' eXa[iipe Ttrdv. 

NeipeXtiv axial dovovvrai • 

Td PporcJv d' eXafMipev epya' 

Kapnoloi, ydla TrpoKvnrei* 10 



ODES OF ANACREON. 173 

Kaprrog eXaiag npoKvirret. 
Bpofilov Greyer at rd vafia. 
Kara (pvXXov, Kara ttX&va, 
KadeX&v ijvdioe Kapirog. 

VI. Cupid Wounded. 

"Epcjg 7tot' ev poooioi 

TLoi\L(x)\iiv7\v \ieXiTTav 

Ovk eldev, aXX' erpu)-&7j 

Tov ddnrvXov ■ TraTax&elg 

Tag %elpag, &X6Xv%ev 5 

ApafjLGJv 6e teal Treraad^elg 

Hpog jtjv KaXrjv Kv&rjprjv, 

"OXcjXa, \ir\rep, elnev, 

"OAw/la, ftaTTotivrjonG). 

v O(ptg jjb > ervipe iiiupbg, 10 

Urspcjrdg, bv KaXovcriv 

MeXirrav ol yewpyoi. 

f H (5' &TTEV, Et TO KEVTpOV 

Hovel to TTjg \LeXiTT7\g, 

ILooov, doitelg, ttovovclv, 15 

"Epojg, baovg ov ftdXXetg ; 

VII. To the Cicada. 

Manapi&iiev o~e, tsttl^, 
"Otl devdpeov £7r' aitpcjv, 
" > OXlyr\v dpooov TrencMC&g, 
BaatXevg bnoyg deideig. 
2d yap eoti nelva Travra, 5 

( On6oa (3Xeneig ev aypolg, 
Xdmoaa tyepovoiv (bpat. 
I,v 6e (plXtog el yecjpy&v, 
'Ato fir]6ev6g tl (3Xd7TTG)v 
2t> 6e Tifiiog (3pOTolei, 10 

Qepeog yXvuvg Trpo^rjTTjg. 
QiXeovoL \iev oe Movaai' 
P2 



174 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 



$iXeei de $olj3og avTog, 

Aiyvprjv 3' edoKev olfirjv 

To de yrjpag ov oe reLpei, 15 

2o0e, yrjyevfjg, (piXvjJLve, 

'Ana'&rjg, dvatfioGapKS * 

liXedov el tieolg ofioiog. 

VIII. Young Old-age. 

(j>lX6) yspovra reprrvov, 
$>iXg) veov %opevTrjv. 
Tepcov 6' brav %opev , q, 
Tptxag yepuv fiev eortv, 
Tag de cppevag ved&L. 



IDYLS OF BION. 

I. From the Epitaph on Adonis. 

Ald^G) rbv "Adoviv e-naid^ovciv "Eporeg- 
Kelrac KaXbg "Aduvig erf cjpeac, \ii]pbv bdovri 
Aevkg) Xsvkov odovn rvirelg, Kal KvTrpiv dvia 
Aercrbv dn0ijjvx (t)v ' to de ol fieXav el(3erai al\ia 
Xtoveag Kara aapKog ■ vrf 6(ppvoi <T b\i\iara vapfcq, 5 
Kal to podov <\>evyei tw ^elXeog • afitf)l de ttjvg) 
QvdoKSL Kal to (pLXafia, to firjnoTe Kvnpig d<br\oei. 
Yjvirpidt [iev to (j)iXafia Kal ov ^cjovrog dpeoKet, 
'A/U,' ovk oldev "Aduvig o \iiv -^vdoKOvr' ecpiXaaev. 

At at rav Kv&epeiav, diruXero itaXbg "Ado)vig. 10 

'tig Idev, d>g evor\aev ' AScjv idog dox&rov eXKog, 
'Qg Ide (poivLov alfia \iapaivo\iev(x> irepl firjpu), 
Hdxsag dfinerdaaaa Ktvvpero, Melvov "Adovi 
AvO7T0T[j,e, \ielvov "Adovt, Travvorarov cog ae kixslu, 
"Q.g oe 7TepinTv$;G), Kal x e ^ sa X s ^ eGL l 1 ' 1 ^- 15 

<Pevyecg \xaKpbv, "Aduvi, Kal epxeat elg 'A^spovra 



IDYLS OF BION. 175 

Kai Grvyvbv $aoiX7}a Kai ayptov • a de rdXaiva 
Z(OG), mi ftebg e^pl, Kai ov dvva\iai oe dtcjKetv. 
Adfij3ave, TLepce(p6va, rbv efibv nbaiv ■ eooi yap avrd 
ILoXXbv kfiev Kpsiootev • rb de nav koXov eg oe narappel. 
QvdoKeig, w rpino-frare • no-frog de fxoi, o)g bvap, enrrj. 21 
Hoi d' d\ia fceorbg oXcjXe • ri yap, roXfirjpe, Kvvdyeig ; 
KaXbg e&v roooovrov e\ir\vao tirjpoi naXaieiv; 
T ftd' 6Xo<fivparo Kvnpcg • enaid^ovoiv "Hpcoreg. 

Al at rdv Kv&epetav, dnuXero itaXbg "Adovig. 25 
Adicpvov a ILacpia rooov eK%eei, boaov "Adcovig 
Alfia xeei ' r d de ndvra nori %#ovt yiyverai av&r) • 
Alfia pbdov riKrec, rd de ddicpva rdv dvep,djvav. 

Ald^G) rbv "A6o)vlv ■ dnuXero ttaXbg "Adovig. 
Mrjfcer' evi dpvfxoioc rbv dvepa fivpeo, Kvnpi • 30 

"Ear' dya-&d ori(3dg, eoriv 'Adtividi (pvXXdg eroifia- 
Aenrpov exec, Kv&epeia, rb gov rode veitpbg "Adovig. 
Kai veavg wv aaXbg eon, naXbg vetcvg ola Kaftevduv. 
KeKXirai a[3pbg "Adojvig ev el\Laoi nopcj)vpeoLOiv • 
'Afj,<f)i de p,Lv aXaiovreg dvaorevdxovGiv "Epwre^, 35 
Keipd\ievoi x aiTa S ^ 'Adtividi • x^ /^ v ofortig, 
°Og 6' eni roi-ov e(3cuv', bg 6' evnrepov dye cpaperprjv • 
Xa) [iev eXvoe nediXov 'Aduvidog, bg de Xef3?]Oi 
Xpvoeiotg (poperjoiv vdop, 6 de fiTjpia Xovei • 
"Og d' bmdev nrepvyeooiv dvaipvxec rbv "Adcovtv. 40 

Avrdv rdv Kv&epetav enatd^ovotv "Epcjreg. 
""Eiofieoe Xa\indda naoav eni (pXcalg 'Yfievacog, 
Kai ore<pog es-eneraooe yaprjXiov • ovuert d' 'Tfxdv, 
'Tfidv ovuer' deido\ievov fxeXog, aderai al al. 
At ~K.dpireg nXaiovrt rbv vlea rcj Kivvpao, 45 

Kai \iiv enaeidovoiv • 6 de ofyiouv ovk enaaovei * 
Ov fidv, el iC etieXot ■ Koypa de \iiv ovtc dnoXvei. 

II. The Fowler, 
'li-evrdg en K&pog, ev aXoei devdpdevrt 
"Opvea #r]pev(x)V, rbv anbrponov eldev "Epwra 
''Eodonevov nv^oio nori nXddov • d)g d' evbaae, 



176 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

Xacpcov, tivetca &?} \ieya (palvero bpveov avrti, 
Tcbg KaXdfjLCjg aua ndvrag en' dXXdXoioi ovvdnrov, 5 
Ta Kal ra rbv "EpG)ra \ierdX\ievov dfupedoKevev. 
X.G) nalg, doxaXdojv eve%' ol reXog ovdev dndvrrj, 
Tug KaXdficjg plipag, nor' dporpea npeoftvv luavev 
"Og vlv rdvde rex vav sdidd^aro ' Kal Xeyev gwtgj, 
Kal ol delgev "Epora Ka$r\\i,evov. 'Avrdp 6 npeaj3vg 10 
Metdiduv KivTjoe tcdpT], Kal dfiecfSero nalda- 
Qeideo rag drjpag, p,7]d' eg rode r&pveov epxsv. 
$evye \iaKpdv • aanbv evrl to $r\piov ■ oXj3cog eaoq, 
ElooKa fir} \iiv eXyg- r\v 6' dvepog eg \ierpov eX&yg, 
Ovrog 6 vvv (pevyov Kal dndXfievog, avrbg d6' avrti 15 
'F>X$(bv eganivag, necpaXav em oelo Ka&i^el. 

III. Cleodamus and Myrson. 

K. "Elapog, o) Mvpoo)v, rj xeiiiarog, t\ <f)$ivond)pov, 
V H tiepeog, ri roc adv ; ri 6e nXeov ey^eac eXftelv ; 
"H tiepog, dviaa ndvra reXeierai booa \ioyev\ieg : 
"H yXvtcepdv (p"&ivono)pov, or' dvdpdai Xcfibg eXatipd; 
V H fcal xelpa dvaepyov ; enel teat x El \ iaTi noXXol 5 

OaXnbaevoi tieXyovrat depye'vQ re Kal okvco • 
V H rot KaXbv eap nXeov evadev ; elne ri rot <\>pr\v 
KXpeirai • XaXeeiv yap enerpanev a oxoXa rjulv. 

M. Kpiveiv ovk eneocKe tierjia epya fiporoloi' 
TLdvra yap lepa ravra Kal ddea ■ aev tie e.K.ari 10 

'E%epeo), KXeoda^e, rb \ioi neXev adtov dXXo)v. 
Ovk edeXo) $epog TJuev, enel roKa jj,' dXiog dnrq • 
Ovk edeXo) (p-Btvonoipov, enel vooov &pia riKrei * 
OvXov x El \ l0j ( t>£P £t ' v , vi(f)erbv icpvuovg re <po(3evp,ai. 
Elap e^ol rpino^arov oXg) XvKa(3avri napelrj, 15 

' ' Kv'iKa fJLTjre Kpvog, [17]$' dXiog d\i\ie (3apvvei. 
~Elapi ndvra Kvei, ndvr' elapog ddea fiXaerel' 
Xd vv% dv&pdjnoioiv tea, Kal b\ioiiog d(og. 



IDYLS OF MOSCHUS. 177 



IDYLS OF MOSCHUS. 



I. Cupid a Fugitive. 

'A Kimpig rbv "Epwra rbv visa aaupbv epcjorpet,- 
EtTig evl TpcodoiOL ixXav^ievov eldev "Epo)ra, 
ApaTreridag eabg eortv ■ 6 \iavvraq yepag e^eZ. 
"Eon 6' 6 naZg nepcaaaog • ev eluooi rrdac p,ddoig viv. 
Xpojra aev ov Xevitbg, irvpl 5' e'UeXog • baaaTa 6' avrC) 5 
AptavXa Kal fyXoyoevTd' natcal ^peveg, adv XdXrjaa. 
Ov yap loov voeet nai (p-fteyyerai- tig aeXt cfMovd' 
*Hv be %oXa, vbog earlv dvd\iepog' rj-rreponevrdg, 
Ovdev dXatievcov, bbXtov (3pecpog, dypia iraiodei. 
~EvnXbKaaov to ndpavov, e%ei, d' irafibv rb irpboG)Trov. 
MtKKvXa aev ttjvgj rd %zpvdpia, aattpd 6e f3dXXet • 1 1 
BdXXec k' elg ' k.%£povra, nai elg 'Aided) ftaoiXrja. 
Tvavbg [iev roye aiofia, vbog 6e ol euTrenvKaarat ■ 
Kal irrepoeig, boov bpvig, ecpLTrrarai aXXor' £tt' aXXovg 
'Avepag 7]6e yvvalnag, em onXdyxvoig 6e icdd-rjTat,. 15 
Tb^ov exec \idXa (3acbv, vnep rb^co be (3eXeavov ■ 
Tvrtibv eol rd j3eXeavov, eg aWepa (5' d%pi cpopeZrat,. 
Kal XP V °£° V nepi vdra fyaperptov, evdotit, 6' evrl 
Tot mnpol KaXaaoL, rolg rroXXdia Krjae TiTp&otiei. 
Tavra aev aypia rzavra- ttoXv rrXeZov be ol avru) 20 
Baid Xaairdg eoZaa, rd aXiov avrbv dvavftei ■ 
*Hv tv y' eXqg ttjvov, ddoag dye, ar\b' > eXerjoyg. 
K^V nor' ld%ig nXaiovra, (pvXdaaeo arj oe TrXavrjarj. 
Ki]v yeXd'q, tv viv eXue ■ nai, r\v edeXrf oe (ptXdoaL, 
Qevye • aanbv to (pcXaaa, rd x e ^ ea <pdpaanov evTt. 25 
v Hv 6e Xeyq, Ad(3e TavTa, x a P^oaac baoa aoc bnXa, 
MrjTC tiiyrig, nXdva dojpa ■ rd yap nvpl ndvTa (3ej3a7TTai. 



178 POETICAL EXTRACTS. 

II. From the Epitaph on Bion. 
"Ap%ere, ^iKeXiKai, tw irevfteog, apxere, Molaai,. 
'Adoveg, at rrvKivolaiv 6dvpop,evai rrori cpvXXoig, 
Ndfiaai rolg SiKeXolg dyyeiXare rag 'Apedovaag, 
"Ottl Bl(x)v retivafcev 6 (3a)KoXog, brn avv avrti 
Kai to fieXog reftvaKe, Kai uXero Aopig doidd. 5 

"Apxere, UliKeXiKal, tcj Tzev&eog, apxere, Molaai. 
Kelvog, 6 ralg dyeXaiaiv epdafiiog, ovKen p,eXnei, 
Ovket' epr\\iaiaiaiv vixb dpvaiv r^ievog adei • 
f AXXd rrapd TLXovrrj'i fieXog Xrf&aiov deidei. 

"Apxere, liKeXiKai, r& irev&eog, apxere, Molaai. 10 
Tig irori ad avpiyyi p,eXii~erai, & rpuro'&are ; 
Tig d' eni aolg KaXd\ioig tidaei arbfia ; rig ftpaavg ovrcog ; 
'Elaeri yap ixveiei rd ad %e.'ik£a, Kai rb abv dadpa. 
'Ax& d' ev dovatceaat redg ern(36afcer' doiddg. 
TLavi (pepcj rb \ieXiapa' rax' dv naneivog epelaai 15 
To OTGfia deifiaivoi, fir) devrepa aelo (peprjrai. 

Tovro rot, & norap,(x)V Xiyvpcjrare, devrepov dXyog • 
Tovro, MeXr], veov dXyog- dncoXero ixpdv roi "0\ir\pog, 
Trjvo rb KaXXionag yXvuepov aro\ia, nai ae Xeyovri 
Mvpea$ai KaXbv via TtoXvKXavaroiai peeftpoig, 20 

Haaav 6' eirXrjaag cfxovdg aXa ■ vvv ndXiv dXXov 
Tlea dafcpvetg, Kaivti 6' eni irev&el rdrcq. 
'Aucporepoi rcayaig TrefaXafievoi • 6g jiev emve 
ILayaaidog npdvag, 6 6' ex^v i:6\ia rag 'Apefiovaag. 
Xo) p,ev Tvvdapeoio aaXdv deiae dvyarpa, 25 

Kai Qeridog \ieyav via, fcal 'Arpeidav MeveXaov 
Kelvog 6' ov rroXe^ovg, ov ddupva, Hava 6' speXws, 
Kai (3(x)rag eXiyaive, Kai deidov evo\ieve, 
Kai avpiyyag erevx?, Kai adea rropriv dfieXye, 
Kai rraidcov edidaaKe <\>iXd\iara, Kai rbv "Epwra 30 
"Erpe<pev ev KoXixoiai, Kai r\peae rr\v 'A^podirrjv. 

"Apx^Te, litKeXtKai, tw irev&eog, apxere, Molaai. 
TLdaa, Bicjv, dprjvel ae KXvrrj ixbXig, darea Trdvra' 
"AaKpa fiev yodei ae ttoXv nXeov 'Haiodow 



IDYLS OF MOSCHUS. 179 

Tlivdapov ov ttoSeovti roaov BoLUTtdeg "Thai' 35 

Ovde roaov rbv doidbv Efivparo Trfiov darv ■ 
2e tcXeov ' 'Apx^Xoxoio rrodel Udpog • dvrl 6e Saircpovg 
nicer i aev rb \iiXia\ia KivvpErai a MirvXdva. 

"Apxzrs, HlkeXlkoI, tg> rrev&eog, apxsrE, Molaai. 
Al l , at, ral [taXax^i f^EV errdv Kara Kanov oXwvrai, 40 
V H rd x^oypd aSXiva, to t' EvtiaXsg ovXov avrjdov, 
"Yorepov av £(dovti, Kal elg erog aXXo (pvovrt ■ 
"Afifies 6\ ol fisyaXot Kal Kaprepol r\ ao6ol avdpeq, 
'Ottttote ixpdra -&dvG)fieg, avaKOOi ev x$ ov i ftoiXa 
'Evdofieg ev \idXa fiaKpbv drspfiova vrjypErov vrrvov. 45 
Kal av [lev ev aiya TTETrvKaofiEVog ecoEai ev ya. 



■^^^>A^^^^<V>»^^^«»^^^^^^^^»^^V^S^^^^^«^^^^S^<^<A»«^I#>^^^^V>^^»^»<«>»«^^^>»^^>^I»^^^<^ 



NOTES. 



NOTES. 



Pago 

Line 1. r) uedr), &c, "intoxication is a minor madness," i. e., a 
minor kind of madness. The expression r) p.e-&rj means, more liter- 
ally, "the (state) intoxication." — fit/cpa, nom. sing. fern, of utupog. — hariv, 
3d sing. pres. indie, of eiui, to be. 

HoTJmklc fipaxela Tjdovrj, &c, " short-lived pleasure often begets long- 
lived sorrow." — (3paxeca, nom. sing. fem. of fipaxve. — uanpav, accus. sing. 
fern, of uaicpoc, agreeing with Mttvv. — riKrei, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. 
of rt/cro). 

2. QiXet, " love," 2d sing. pres. imperat. act. of <}>ileG). — tt/v iratdeiav, 
" instruction" i. e., the receiving of instruction. More literally, " the cul- 
ture of boyhood." — typovnoiv, accus. sing, of typovnoic. — rexvnv, " the 
exercise of skill" i. e., the skilful exercise of the talents that are given us. 

4. eAeye, "used to say" 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of "kiya. — ttjv 
fyikapyvpiav elvac, &c. The accusative with the infinitive. " That the 
love of money was the parent city of every evil" i. e., that all evils came 
from it as so many colonies from a parent city. The Greeks called a parent 
city, from which colonies were led forth, uvrpoirohie. — elvat, imperf. infin. 
of etui. — Tiaorjc, gen. sing. fem. of nae. 

5-7. epydfrrat, " causes" 3d sing. pres. indie, of epyafruai. — akX', for 
uXka, " but." The final vowel is cut off by apostrophe. The adverb bXka. 
has the accent on the last syllable ; the adjective uXka (neut. plur. of 
uXkoq) on the first. — x u P LC ouiliac, " without social converse." X u p' c C as 
an adverb denoting want or deprivation, governs the genitive. — ovdev r)6ovi]c, 
" no pleasure," i. e., nothing attractive. Literally, "nothing of pleasure." 
An adjective in the neuter, governing the genitive. — ovdev, accus. sing, 
neut. of ovdeic. — lx tl i 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of £#«. 

8. At KTTJaeic rr)q dperfjc, &c, " the acquisitions of virtue," i. e.,the 
things acquired by virtuous practices. — KTrjaeic, nom. plur. of kttJolc;. — 
ttjc aperfjc- The article here, combined with dperfjg, indicates " the (par- 
ticular course of moral conduct, which men call) virtue." — uovac, nom. 
plur. fem. of (jlovoc.. — /3e6acai, nom. plur. fem. of fteSaioc. The second, 
or final, accent on (3e6aiai comes from the enclitic elcuv which follows. — 
ilaiv, 3d plur. pres. indie, of eluc, " to be." — 'H rraideia, "mental culture," 
i. e., a good education. More literally, " the training of boyhood." 

9. hv uev rale, evrvxiaic, &c, "in prosperous circumstances indeed." 
More literally, so as to give its proper force to the article, " in the prosper- 
ous concerns of life." The particles uev and 6e are always opposed to each 
other, and mark opposite clauses in a sentence. The particle uev is seldom 
translated, as our English word " indeed" is generally too strong to ex- 
press its meaning. The particle 6e, on the other hand, is usually rendered 
"but." 

10-12. Uaauv, gen. plur. fem. of tuzc. — r) evcefteia, "piety." More lit- 
erally, " the (moral feeling) piety." To be taken first in translating. — 

183 



NOTES ON PAGE 1. 

Pago 

2 UpoGTjKEt, "it becomes." Taken impersonally, and governing the 
dative. — rote ad-Tinralc, " athletes." More literally, " the (class) athle- 
tes.'' The article here points to a particular class of persons. — yvfj.va&iv, 
pres. infin. act. of yvfivd^o). — Kkeivbrarov, superl. of Kkeivbg, and agreeing, 
in the neuter, with ayaXfia. — rjv, " there was" 3d sing, imperf. indie, of 
elfiL — Aide, " of Jove," gen. of Zsvc. — Qetdiov, gen. of Qeidiac. 

14-16. Iiapila6ev, "received," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of 7rapaha[i- 
6dvu, " to take or receive from another," i. e., to receive, in the present 
case, by the right of succession. — 'O Aivoc, " the poet Linus." — luvwr), 
nom. sing. fem. of 'lovinoc. — fip^aro into, " began from," i. e., commenced 
with, as its founder : fipt-aro is the 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of apxo. — 
'lraXiKT/, nom. sing. fem. of 'Ir<z/U/c6c. 

17. Yltareuc nai Tep/uovog, &c, " erected a temple to Faith and to Ter- 
minus," i. e., a temple to each, not one to both conjointly. (Dion. Hal., 2, 
74, seq.) The goddess Faith is better known by her Latin name of Fides. 
The god Terminus presided over boundaries and landmarks. — The student 
will note the change of idiom from the Greek to the English ; literally, " a 
temple of Faith," &c. — idpvaaro, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of Idpvo. 
The verb here carries with it the idea of consecrating as well as of erecting. 

18. 'H Nea Kapxvduv, " New Carthage," literally, " the New Carthage." 
This was a city of Spain, now Carthagena. — Nea, nom. sing. fem. of 
vioq. — 'Aa6pov6a, Doric genitive, from 'Aa6pov6ag. So in the next line 
we have 'AvvWa, the genitive of 'AvviSag. — tov Ss^a/ievov, "who suc- 
ceeded." The article, with a participle, is to be translated, as here, by the 
relative with the indicative : dega/isvov is the gen. sing. masc. 1st aor. part, 
mid. of dexofiac. — Asdrubal succeeded Barcas in the government of Spain, 
which country had been conquered by the Carthaginians. The more usual 
name of Barcas, in history, is Amilcar. — narepa, accus. sing, ofixarrjp. 

19-20. To Takavrov to BaSvXuviov, "the Babylonian talent." Liter- 
ally, " the talent (which is) the Babylonian (one)." The article is often 
repeated, as in the present instance, with the adjective, when the latter 
follows its noun, for the sake of distinctness or emphasis. — 'Amnac, accus. 
plur. fem. of 'Arn/cof . — dvvarai, " is worth." This signification of dvva- 
/xat arises from the primitive meaning of the verb (dvvo or dvo being the 
root), namely, " to go into," " to undergo," " to avail," &c. Hence, there 
is no need of understanding here any verb in the infinitive, for dvvarai to 
govern. (Herm. Ellips., c. 11.) 

21. Sovvtov, gen. sing, of Hovviov. — 'Ad-nvuc 'Sovviudoc, " of the Sunian 
Minerva." So called from the promontory on which her temple stood. 

22-23. 'O -&vfj,dg, "anger." Literally, "the (emotion) anger." The 
verb kari is to be supplied after -&vfi6c. This is a very common omission. — 
■&vT)Tbc, supply kari, and so also after a&avaTOS, in the next clause. — f O 
Adyoo, " speech." Literally, " the (faculty of) speech." — AecTidv 6 ttXovtoc, 
&c. The order is, 6 nT^ovrog (kari) 6etXbv nai tyCkotyvxov nanov. 

24-26. rjv, "was," 3d sing, imperf. of elfii. — 'H AlyvnTog, "Egypt." 
More literally, "the (land of) Egypt." — dibpov, "a gift," i. e., a deposite. 
The Egyptian priests, and from them the Greeks, believed that a large 
portion of Lower Egypt, especially the Delta, was gradually formed from 
the sediment deposited by the Nile. This will carry us back, however, to 
a period long antecedent to positive history. (Consult Lyell's Geology, 
vol. i., p. 353.) 

M^ KaroKvei, " be not reluctant" Contracted imperative, 2d sing. pres. 
184 



NOTES ON PAGE 2. 

Page 

for KaroKvee, from kcitokveu. — Tropevecdai, " to go," pres. infin. mid. 
ofiropevcj. — rove ETrayyEX?MuEvovc, " those who promise." The article 
and participle again translated by the relative and indicative. — dcddaKELV, 
pres. infin. act. of diddoKO. — tc, " something." Neuter of r2f. 

27. KarfiXQov, " came down" i. e., from the more northern parts of 
Greece, 3d plur. 2d aor. indie, act. of KaTspxofiat. 

Line 1-3. tov rj'ktov, &c, u that the sun and moon are divini- g 
ties." The accusative with the infinitive. — elvai, pres. infin. of eifii. 
— IsyovGLV, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of ?Jyu. — r O "Apvc, " Mars." More 
literally, " the (god) Mars." — /xlgel, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of/uiCEo. — rove, 
naicovc, "the coicardly." — TiOAEfiovaiv, "wage war with" 3d plur. pres. 
indie, act. of ttoae^eu. 

4. kino ml ittttu, &c, " two wolves, and two horses, feed together," 
i. e. , wolves and horses do not shun each other's company when feeding. 
More literally, " are feeding together," or " in company." The forms 
TiVKu, tinea, avvvofiu, and eotov are all duals. The two nouns (avkcj and 
Imro)) and the adjective (ovvvofio, from cvvvojioc) are distinguished from 
the datives singular (Ivnu, Imru, avvvoft.^) by not having the i subscribed 
under the w. — eotov, 3d dual pres. indie, of elfxt. 

5-8. ttjv avTTjv, " the same way," i. e., in each other's company. Sup- 
ply 666v, the accus. of 666c. — laoiv, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of slfic, " to 
go," which is distinguished by the accent from elfil, " to be." — 6vu {leyioTu 
ko.ku>. All these three words are in the nominative dual : fieylaru is from 
fieytcroc, the superlative of \ityac. — ■■xoaaovc diruAEcav, "are wont to ruin 
many :" Tro7Jkovc. is the accus. plur. masc. of nolvc, and d-ntoAEoav is the 
3d plur. 1st aor. indie, act, of d-no^vfxi. The aorist here refers to what 
is habitually the case. 

'0 Zevgic, " the celebrated Zeuxis." The artiele here denotes eminence 
or distinction. — dvarpefovoav, accus. sing. fern. pres. part. act. of ava- 
rpsQu. — Traidio) 'linroKEVTavpu, " two centaur-children." Both of these 
terms are in the accus. dual, neuter. — aofitdfi vrimu, " very young." vnmu 
is the dual of vrittioc.. 

9-11. 01 to. anpa, &c., "they who inhabit the summits of Aihos." — 
aupa, accus. plur. of anpov, ov, the neuter of the adjective dupoc, taken as 
a substantive. — evoikovvtec, nom. plur. masc. pres. part. act. of evolkeu. — 
"Ad-u, gen. sing, of "Aduc. — juaKpodcuraroi, " very long-lived," superlative of 
{lanpodtoc.. — Myovrai, 3d plur. pres. indie, pass, of teyu. — TLoXX&kic. 
The order is, bpyr] tzoTJmkic. k£eKa?i,vip£ upviTTOjisvov voov dv&puiruv. — 
kt-EKa?LVipe, " is wont to disclose," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of ekkoXvittu. 
The aorist again refers to what is customary. — upvirro/ievov voov, " a con- 
cealed thought," i. e., the secret sentiments : tcpv-rrTOfievov is the accus. 
sing. masc. pres. part. pass, of upvTTTu. 

11-12. KdroTTvpov Eidovc, &c. The order is, %aAK6c hart ndroTTTpov Ei- 
dovc. The ancients used metallic mirrors instead of looking-glasses. Cop- 
per, brass, and gold were employed for this purpose. The brass ones, 
however, were most common, and were made of a mixture of copper and tin, 
which produced a white metal. — eidovc, gen. sing, of eldoc. , " the exterior, the 
form." — 'Avdpbc olvoc, &c, " wine is wont to disclose a man's thoughts." — 
eSel^e, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of SeIkw^c. The aorist again refers to 
what is customary or habitual. 

13-18. 'Epv/ct, dative sing, of "Epv£. — tjjc. Sj/ce/U'af, " of Sicily." More 
Q 2 185 



NOTES ON PAGE 2. 

Page 

2 literally, "of the (island of) Sicily." — veoc, Attic form for vdog. — <5, 
dative sing, of og. — ttoXv Trifj-d-og, " a great multitude." — rptyerat, 3d 
sing. pres. indie, pass, of rpe(j)0). — 6 ^tAoTrdrwp, " surnamed Philopator." 
Literally, " the Philopator," i. e., the lover of his father, a name applied to him 
by way of sarcasm, because he was suspected of having poisoned his father. 
•—KarecrKevcHjev, "built," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of KaraaKevd^o. 
-^■Atpovvrat, 3d plur. pres. indie, pass, of alpeo. — Xayd, nom. plur. of 
'kayug. — dXcoTTEKuv, gen. plur. of dX6irn^. — -tots /u,ev .... tots 6e, " at 
one time, .... at another." — 'Ev Ty Iduu, "in the island Samos." — rrj 
"Hoc, "for the goddess Juno," i. e., in honour of Juno ; the peacock being 
sacred to her. — nle'tCTOvg, accus. plur. of itTieIotoc, superlative of ttoXvc. — • 
raug, accus. pl-ur. of rauc, Attic declension. — erpecpov, 3d plur. imperf. 
mdic. act. of rpi^u. — km rov vo/Ltiaftarog, " upon the coin." — tjv, " was" 3d 
sing, imperf. indie, of el/at. 

19-22. i] rvpavvlg, "tyranny." More literally, " the (state) tyranny." 
^—rfjq irarpidoc, " of his country," gen. sing, of irarpic. — en natg cov, 
" being yet a mere boy," i. e., while he was yet a mere boy. uv is the 
pres. part, oieijii. — 'Aprejitdog, gen. of'Apre/ug. — ev firipatg, " in the hunt." 
Literally, "amid huntings." — avbg, gen. sing, of eve. — e-rchriyn, "was 
wounded," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of nlijaao}. — •kyivero, " became " 
3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of yivofiat. 

23-24. tov Sp&KOvra, " the serpent," accus. sing, of dp&Kwv. — bppodet, 
3d sing. pres. indie, act. of bppudeo. — en vrjTztog virdpxuv, " being yet 
quite young," i. e., while he was yet quite young : virdpxcov, pres. part, 
act. of virdpxo>- — ptvv, accus. sing, of five. — dtdrnov, "pursuing," i. e., as 
he pursued : pres. part. act. of dtuKo. — eie fieXtrog rrid-ov, &c, "having 
fallen into a large vessel of honey, lost his life." Or, more freely, " fell 
into, &c, and lost his life." A participle and verb, as in the present in- 
stance, may be freely rendered by two verbs : necuv, 2d aor. part. act. of 
mirro), — aizid-avev, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of d.TtO'&vjjaKC}. 

25-26. SiecnrdcravTO, " tore in pieces," 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, mid. of 
diaarrdo). The middle voice implies, that they did the deed for themselves, 
i. e., to gratify their own blind fury. — TLev&ea, accus. sing, of Uev&evc. The 
article with this proper name, as also with 'Optyea and 'A/craiova, though 
not translated, implies that these three individuals and their respective 
stories were well known. — Matvddeg, nom. plur. of Matvug. — at kvvec, 
" his hounds" nom. plur. of kvcov. 

27-28. avdpeg, nom. plur. of dvrjp. — einovee, nom. plur. of etntiv. — 
uKnaav, " inhabited," 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, act. of o'ikeo. — npurot, nom. 
plur. of irptiroc. — avTOX^ovec, "an indigenous race" nom. plur. of av- 
roxdeov. — diravrsg, nom. plur. of airac. — elotv, " are" 3d plur. pres. indie, 
of etui. 

29-33. vdaroc, gen. sing, of vdup. — notXaivovatv, "hollow out," 3d 
plur. pres. indie, act. of noihatvo. — oprv^, supply hart. — Qoivinec, nom. 
plur. of $oivt%. — r<p 'Hpaiilet, "unto the god Hercules," dative sing, of 
'Hpanlinc. — s-&vov, 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. of -&vo). — Tcspdt/cec, nom. plur. 
of 7repdtt;. — ot 6e, " but those" literally, " but the (partridges)," TrepdtKee 
being understood. — rjaav, " were," 3d plur. imperf. indie, of e't/ut. — Xeyet, 
3d sing. pres. indie, act. of Aeyw. — 7ra?itjUTzatdag tovc yspovrag, &c, "that 
the old are in a state of second childhood." More literally, " that the old 
become second children." Accus. with the infinitive. — 'KaXtfJtiratdag, accus. 
186 



NOTES ON PAGE 3. 

Page 

plur. of KctkiintaiQ. — yepovrac, accus. plur. of yepuv. — yiyveadai, g 
pres. infin. mid. of yiyvojiai. 

34. MvputSSvag, accus. plur. of MvpucSuv. — ek /u.vp/j,TJKuv, "from ants:" 
jivpjxrjKUV, gen. plur. of fivpfin^. The order is, rove Mvpfjudovag yeyov- 
evai dvdpac e/c /nvp/urjKuv. — uv8pac, accus. plur. of dvfjp, the accusative 
after yeyovevai, as MvpucSSvac is the accusative before it. — yeyovevai, 
" became," i. e., were changed into. 

Line 1-3. 01 Nopddec rtiv AtSvuv " the Nomades of the Liby- 3 
ans," i. e., the Libyan Nomades. — Tale r)/j.epaie, " by days." More 
literally, "by the days (which pass)." — rale vvfiv, "by nights." — api$- 
fiovciv, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of apc&/j.eo. — kpurrj'&eic, " having been 
asked," i. e., when he was asked, 1st aor. part. pass, of epordo. — ri fie- 
yiarov, &c, " what is the greatest thing in the smallest compass." Supply 
sari. Literally, " what is greatest in smallest (space)." — jieyiarov, superla- 
tive of /Lieyac. — eTiaxioro), superlative of [itKpog, properly from kXaxvc. — 
et7re, " said," 2d aor. indie, act. fromeiTrw. — typevec aya&al, &c, " a sound 
mind, in a human body." Literally, "sound thoughts in a human being's 
body." — (f>pevec, nom. plur. of <j>pf}v. — aufian, dat. sing, of ocb/xa. 

4-6. yv6/u,n, " understanding." — Kpecaacov, " better." — 7/ p"u[irj x e P 0)V i 
" than strength of hands ;" pd>un is the nominative to eari understood. 
— Xep&v, gen. plur. of x^P- The regular gen. plur. is x El -P& v i f° r which 
we have here the poetic form x e P 0)V i which is also Ionic. — yviplv, dat. plur. 
of yvip. — atria, " are a cause," supply elaiv. — yvvaifi, dat. plur. of yvvfj. 
The order is, r) ocyr/ (pepei Koa^ov yvvait-t. — (pepet, " brings with it" 3d 
sing. pres. indie, act. of (pepej. — ^aAeTrdv, "a difficult matter." — Tieyeiv 
Trpoc, " to speak to," i. e., to reason with. — yaarepa, accus. sing, of yaorr/p. 
— d>ra ovk exovaav, " since it has not ears." Literally, " not having ears :" 
ura is the accus. plur. of ovc. — exovo-av, accus. sing. fem. pres. part. act. 
of ex *' 

7-8. to) node, " as to his two feet," i. e., in both his feet : ttoSs is the 
accus. dual of irovc. This is the accusative of nearer definition, where 
some supply Kara to govern it. — rjv, 3d sing, imperf. indie, of eluL — 'H 
Mrjdeta, " Medea." More literally, u the (well-known) Medea." — ypd<psTat, 
" is painted," i. e., is represented in a picture. — nalde, accus. dual of Ttalc. 
— deivbv VTTo67ieizovua, " sternly eying." The verb viroBMrru here denotes, 
literally, to look at one from under the eyelids, with a lowering expression. 
The adjective deivbv is used here adverbially. — lx El <^» " s ^ e holds more- 
over," 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of ex *- \ 

9. tw 6e ai9-/U«, &c, " while the two wretched ones sit smiling," i. e., the 
two unhappy children, &c. — ad-lio, dual of ad-?iioe. — Kad-r}a-&ov, 3d dual 
pres. indie, of nd-&r/uai. — yeTiuvre, nom. dual pres. part. act. of yeXdo. — 
/xndev ribv fieTCkovTuv eldore, " knowing nothing of the things about to 
happen," i. e., of what is about to befall them : findev, neuter of undeic. — 
fielXovrov, gen. plur. pres. part. act. of uehXu. — eldore, perf. part. act. of 
eldu, contracted from eidnnore ; nom. sing, elduc, contracted from eldr/Koc . 

10. nal ravra opfivTE, "and that too, although seeing." The expression 
Kal ravra is analogous to the Latin expressions, idque, et ea, et hac, &c— 
optivre, pres. part. act. of opdu. 

11-16. /Lisyiorov, superlative of [leyac. — rvtphov, supply XPW& egti, "is 
a blind thing." — eTJinrec, supply again XPW& ^rc, "is a defective thing." 
The adjective is often put in the neuter with a masculine or feminine noun, 
XPVpa or some equivalent term being understood. — iroheoc ipvxv, &c. 

187 



NOTES ON PAGE 3. 

Page 

3 The order is, ol vbfxoi (eial) tpvxv nbXsog. — ovk iariv ovdev, " there 
is nothing.'''' Two negatives in Greek make a stronger negation. — 
£<p7], "said," 3d sing, imperf. indie, of tynfii. — fxefivnao, "remember " 2d 
sing. perf. imperat. pass, of fiifivrfanu, and the passive is here used in a 
middle sense, " remind thyself," i. e., " remember." — diaardaEog, gen. sing. 
of bidaraaig. — rjp^u, " didst begin,'''' 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of apx<J. 
— dialvasug, gen. sing, of didivctg. — kyo), nominative to T/p^dfinv under- 
stood, 1st sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of ap^w. 

17-24. 'Ale^avdpeoc, " an Alexandrian" gen. sing, of 'Ale^avdpevg . — 
novpsug T7]v rexvrjv, " a barber by trade." — novpeog, gen. sing, of tcovpsvg. 
— rexvrjv, accusative of nearer definition, where some supply Kara. — 
ofiovoovvruv ads?i(po)v avjj.6i.Daig, " the union of concordant brethren :" 
o/JtovoovvTuv, gen. plur. pres. part. act. of 6/j.ovoeu. — laxvporipa, com- 
parative of laxvpog. — ij'&ovg j3daavog, " a touchstone of character," i. e., a 
test of character. — Imrog efipeipev, "a mare nurtured:" edpsipev, 3d sing. 
1st aor. indie, act. of rpe^w. — rbv Uvdova, "the serpent Python." — 
Karero^evaev, " he had shot with an arrow," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 
KaraTo^evo). The aorist is here rendered into our idiom by a pluperfect. — 
rjWev, "came," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of Ipxofiai. — TrapeXaBe, "took 
unto himself," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of TrapaXa^Sdvo). — ryg Trig, " of 
the goddess Earth." 

aldovg, " of respect." The genitive is governed by at-iog. — lati, " thou 
wilt be," 2d sing. fut. of dfii, with the Porsonian or Attic termination (si), 
in place of the common form, ian. — eav rcpurov uptjyg, " if thou shalt have 
first begun." — apfyg, 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. act. of apxu. — aldelaOai, " to 
respect," pres. infin. mid. of aideofiai. 

25-34. exovatv, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of e#w. — 'O Jlapvaaabg, " Par- 
nassus." The article is here emphatic. Literally, " the (far-famed) Par- 
nassus." — elalv, " there are," 3d plur. pres. indie, of eiut. — to uev, " the 
one." Literally, "this one indeed." Consult note on page 1, line 9. — 
Ka2.ov/j.Evov, "called," pres. part. pass, of naMo, agreeing in the neuter 
with bpog understood after to.— £#«, " contains," 3d sing. pres. indie, act. 
of l#6>. — Kspdij, nom. plur. of icepdog. — (f>epei, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of 
<j)spo). A singular verb with a neuter plural (nepdrj). — e<pv, " is," 3d sing. 
2d aor. indie, act. of (j>vcj, taking the place of earl. — TirpuaKet, 3d sing. 
pres. indie, act. of TirpcoaKO. — An^rpiog 6 JloXLopKijTvg, " Demetrius 
Potior cites." Literally, "Demetrius the city-besieger," an appellation 
given to Demetrius, son of Antigonus, from his skill in besieging and taking 
cities. — ypei, " used to take," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of alpio. — ica- 
Taaeiov ra teIxv* " shaking down their walls," i. e., by his military en- 
gines, many of which he himself invented : KaraaEiov is the pres. part. act. 
of Karaae'itx). — ttei'&ov, " by persuading," i. e., by the force of persuasion 
and mild measures in negotiation : tteI'&uv is the pres. part. act. of ttei-&o). 

hyivETo, " there was." — Kara., " during." — aft ov, "from whom." Put 
for and ov, the final vowel of ano being cut off by apostrophe, and the 
preceding consonant aspirated : ov is the genitive sing, of bg, tj, b. — 
TrlaKOVvTov, gen. plur. of irTianoE ig. — bvofja^erai, 3d sing. pres. indie, pass, 
of bvofiaCp. A singular verb with a neuter plural (yfvn). — rifia, " honour," 
2d sing. pres. imperat. act. of Tifj.au, contracted from Ti/jae, — roi-c, " thy." 

A Line 1-3. K?ieig, accus. plur. of ttXelg, contracted from Kleldag. — 
<j>v2,&TTEi, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of ^vldrru. — TvoXvirodEg, nom. 

plur. of TvoTiviTOvg. — kTOiox&ci, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of kTCXoxdu. — rifv 
188 



NOTES ON PAGE 4. 

Pago 

afnrelov ectte, &c, " said that the vine bore three clusters ." These ^ 
three clusters are intended to mark, in a figurative manner, the three 
stages in the history of intemperance. Wine first attracts and pleases, 
then intoxicates, and finally brings with it loathing remorse. — elire, 3d 
sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of etna). — fipeiv, pres. infin. act. of Qspu), having 
the accusative u/j,Tre?t,ov before it. 

5-10. novoc, supply kari. — ekabov, " I obtained," 1st sing. 2d aor. indie, 
act. of ?ia/j.6dv<j). — tyvxvc vooovaric, &c. The order is, Xoyog egtI tydpfia- 
kov voaovanc ipvxvc. — Xoyoc, "converse," i. e., friendly communing. — - 
vogovgvc ipvxyc, "of a distempered spirit," i. e., of a mind ill at ease: 
vogovgvc is the gen. sing. fern. pres. part. act. of vogecj. — x a ^ i£ ' ir '^ v T ° 7W~ 
pac, &c. The order is, to yfjpdc tare _£aAe7iw (3dpoe roic dvdpd)7roic.— 
XaleTtov (3dpoc, " a difficult burden." — d(j)' oi>, consult note on line 33, page 

3. — /caTietrai, " is called," 3d sing. pres. indie, pass, of nateo. — ovte 

ovre, " neither nor." — cxpeXei, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of tofeleo. 

11-14. Girovvrai, "feed upon." Literally, " feed themselves upon," 3d 
plur. pres. indie, mid. of gltecj. The thing fed upon follows in the genitive, 
the reference being to a part of the whole. — ovk, " are not." Supply e'lgi 
— 'Ayaftoiclsove kulelonroToc., " when Agathocles had died." More liter- 
ally, " Agathocles having departed," genitive absolute : eKkekoiitoToc. is the 
gen. sing, of the perf. part. mid. of ekTieItto. — ardaeuc. This and the 
other genitive, dvapx'iac, are both governed by jiegtu, an adjective of plenty. 

15-17. ek vetyehric, &c, "from the clouds is borne onward abundance 
of snow and of hail." The expression fievoc x(-ovog, &c, is a poetic one, 
and means literally, " the might of snow and hail." It carries with it the 
combined ideas of abundance and force, so that in the present instance the 
allusion will be to an abundant rushing of snow and hail from the clouds. — 
!3povT7] 6e tyeperai, " thunder, too, is produced," i. e., is the result of. — h% 
avefxov 6e, " by the winds moreover. ."^-rapdaaerai,, 3d sing. pres. indie, pass, 
of Tapdeco). 

18. nal voguv tjttov, &c, "is subject to both diseases and old age." 
Literally, " is less than," i. e., is inferior to, is less powerful than. Sup- 
ply egtL 

20-28. elxev, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of &%oi — tovc diraiSevrovc 
SiaQepeiv, " that the uneducated differed." Accusative with the infinitive. 
— 8ia<pepeiv, imperf. infin. act. of dtaQepo, followed in construction by the 
genitive of the thing differed from {d-npiov). — bvetdi&juevoc, btt, " on being 
reproached, because" pres. part. pass, of 6v£cdi£to. — rib yevei, &c, "I am 
a Scythian in my birth, but not in my manner of acting," i. e., but not in 
my character. Supply Hav-d-vc ei/u. The form d/M' is by apostrophe for 
bXkd. — kl-fjv, " it was permitted," i. e., it was in the power of, it was optional 
with : 3d sing, imperf. indie, of e^egtl. — C,yv, pres. infin. act. of fdw. The 
Attics contract as into n, and aei into y, in the four verbs, £do, Stipdo), 
7T£cvdcj, and xp^-o/iac. This is properly a Doric and Ionic usage. 

fiaGikevEiv, pres. infin. act. of ftaGt-Xevo). This verb governs the genitive, 
as being equivalent to j3aGiXEVc elfii. — apxeiv, pres. infin. act. of apxu, 
which also governs the genitive (not expressed here), as being equivalent to 
&pxuv elfii. — fieveiv, pres. infin. act. of /ievcj. — rj irapd, " than to abide with." 
Supply fievELv or something equivalent. — ovrt, " being at the same time," 
dat. sing. pres. part, of Elfii. — dA/L' ovx elTieto, " he preferred not, however." 
Literally, " but he chose not for himself," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of 
aipiu. — dpybc cjv, "remaining in indolence" i. e., leading an indolent life. 

189 



NOTES ON PAGES 4 AND 5. 
Page 

A Literally, " being indolent." — nal fiydev xpu/uevoc ry apery, " and in 
no respect exercising manly virtue :" firfdev, the neuter of fiydeic, is 
the accusative of nearer definition, or, as others say, is governed by Kara 
understood: xpidyLtvoc, pres. part. mid. oi xpaopai. 

29-33. del rove veovc, &c, "it behooves the young to use moderation 
in gait, and general deportment, and dress." More freely, " the young 
ought to be modest in gait, general deportment, and attire." — del, an imper- 
sonal verb, construed here with the accusative and infinitive. — xpriodai, pres. 
infin. mid. of xpuoftai. — eSaipev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of pdirro. — 
fxera rov naidbe Tiepaeuc, " along with her young son Perseus." — Ipp'iipev, 
3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of p"mru. — npooyvexdy, " was carried," 3d 
sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of Ttpootyepu. 

34. nod-el, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of nodea. — fieW rfkiov, " after the 
sun," i. e., after the glare of the sunlight : fied' is for fierd, having lost the 
final vowel by apostrophe, and the preceding consonant being changed into 
an aspirate. 

K Line 1-5. kuv cMpelyc, &c, " and if you take from him this change, 
you make his pleasure sorrow," i. e., you convert into a source of dis- 
comfort, what would otherwise prove a source of pleasure : nav is con- 
tracted from Kal uv. — dtpeTiyc, 2d sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of atyaipeu. — 
noielc, 2d sing. pres. indie, act. of iroieu. — e2,a6e, " received," 3d sing. 2d 
aor. indie, act. of 7ia/i6dvtJ. — nap' for napd, by apostrophe. — rotja, " a bow 
and arrows." The force of the plural. — Sore, 2d plur. 2d aor. imperat. 
act. of didofti. 

7-12. %epi;ov TToTie/Liovvroc, "while Xerxes was carrying on war." 
Genitive absolute : nolejiovvroe is the gen. sing, imperf. part. act. of 7ro/l- 
efieu. — edoKet, "thought." Literally, "seemed," i. e., to her herself : 3d 
sing, imperf. indie, act. of doneco. — idelv, " that she saw" 2d aor. infin. act. of 
eldo. Where no pronoun is expressed with the infinitive, as in the present 
case, the reference is to the same person that is implied by the preceding 
verb, and the pronoun is in fact understood in the nominative. Thus 
idonei idelv is for edoKet airy idelv. — eKirpeneordra, accus. dual of the 
superlative of eKTzpenyc. — rov avrov yevovc, "of the same lineage." — 
fyVkntnoe. The well-known King of Macedonia, father of Alexander. — 
yevbfievoc, " having become," 2d aor. part. mid. of yivofiai. — eKelevae, 3d 

sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of Kelevo. — rov (lev rov de, " the one 

the other." — tyevyeiv, pres. infin. act. of <j>evycj. — dtuiceiv, pres. infin. act. 
of 6c6ko}. 

13-19. Ko7idC,ovrai, 3d plur. pres. indie, pass, of /co/la^iu. — kv adov, " in 
hades," i. e., in the lower or invisible world. In this form of expression 
tydov is governed by oIkg) or 66/xari understood, and hence it means liter- 
ally, " in the abode or mansion of hades." — yaav, "were," 3d plur. imperf. 
indie, of eifii. — e/c yeveryc, "from their birth." — eva, accus. sing. masc. 
of elc, [da, ev. — elxov, 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. of ex *- — r P"f ovaai, 
"although they were three in number." Literally, "being three." — Kal 
ravra, " and these," referring to the eye and tooth, regarded as things, and 
therefore neuter here. — napd fiepoc, "by turns." — uiraoav, "they im- 
parted," 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, act. of brrd^o). — eic, "on." — eypatiev, 
"used to write," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of ypd(po. — anep, "whatsoever 
things," accus. plur. neut. of banep, yrcep, brcep. — fjKOve, 3d sing, imperf. 
indie, act. of ukovcj. — dnopia Kepfidrcdv, "from an absolute want of a few 
pieces of money." As we would say, " from the want of a few pence."— 
190 



NOTES ON PAGES 5 AND 6. 

acre cjv?j(Taa-&ai, " with which to purchase.'''' Literally, " so as to pur- K 
chase," 1st aor. infin. mid. of uveofiac. 

20-28. ivEtue, "has bestowed,'''' 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of ve/uu. — 
raxvTTJra, accus. sing, of Taxvrrjg. — Kspara, accus. plur. of nepae. — Tracda 
etl ovra, " while yet a child.'''' Literally, "being as yet a child:" bvra 
is the accus. sing, of the pres. part, of eifii. — erpeipe, 3d sing, imperf. 
indie, act. of Tpe<pu. — e-&7]ke, "rendered him," i. e., made him by this 
species of food : 3d sing. 1st. aor. indie, act. of Tttin/u. — e<pn, 3d sing, 
imperf. indie, of tynui. — 6elv tuc ttoXelc kog/ieZv, " that it behooved to adorn 
states," i. e., that the true mode of adorning a state was. The impersonal 
decv (infin. of del) is here construed with the infinitive (kou/xecv, from noa- 
fieo) and the accusative av&punovg understood. — rdv olkovvtov, " of their 
inhabitants." Literally, "of those inhabiting them:" gen. plur. of o'ck&v, 
pres. part. act. of o'lkeu. — rag /j.ev oktg), " eight.'" — ttjv 6e /xeanv, agreeing 
with K£<pa?iTJv understood. 

29-34. Kslrai, 3d sing. pres. indie, of Kelfiat. — ppaxvc 6 /3ioc, " hfe is 
short." Supply kari. — rep^ic. The order is, repipie TjdovTJg Kanrjg (kcrrl) 
(3paxeca. — nipbog alaxpbv, &c. Supply hart. — to (ieXXov aaa<peg. Supply 
eotL — yiyveTai, "arises." More literally, " is produced." — tov ttIovciov 
ajia'&fj, "the ignorant rich man" i. e., him who was rich but uneducated. 
— dire, "used to call." 

Line 1-4. X9W a (*&> otyaXepov, "is an insecure thing." Supply R 
earl. — be, " and yet." — eiglv, "are," 3d plur, pres. indie, of eijuL— 
rv(j)Xdv 6 TcTiovrog. The order is, 6 irTiovrog (karl) rvtyTibv xpy/^a. — nakbv 
ijavxia, "quiet is a pleasing thing." 

5-7. Ex st $66ov, " carry with them fear." Literally, "have fear," i. e., 
connected with them : exec, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of e^w. — to ndw 
"kauirpbv, "whatever is very dazzling." More literally, "the thing that 
is very brilliant." — nvpEl, equivalent here to kari, 3d sing. pres. indie, 
act. of Kvpeo. — ovS' aacpaTisg, &c, "nor is every elevated situation among 
mankind a secure one." Supply kari. 

8-16. fiEf bXiyov aya&uv, " along with a few brave men :" /j.et' by 
apostrophe for fi£Ta. — aizavTag, accus. plur. masc. of arrag. — nanovg, 
"cowards." — u&xEcdai, pres. infin. of /udxouac. — ovSev bpyijg aducuTEpov, 
" nothing is more unjust than anger." The comparative degree with a 
genitive. — TvbTiEuog Evdo^og, &c. The order is, Evbo^og r Ko\Euog (ectcv) 
alpETUTEpog alcxpo-g Eiprjvng. — bslv tov aya&bv upxovra, &c, "that a 
good magistrate ought, on ceasing from his magistracy"— navb/xEvov, pres. 
part. mid. of Travu. — ysyovsvai, "to be," perf. infin. mid. of yivofiai. — 
co<j>ia. Supply kari. — vEOTspcj 7rpscr6vT£pov, &c. The order is, ovk e^ectl 
VEUTspu KaraftapTvpELv TrpeofivTepov, " it is not permitted a young person 
to bear testimony against an elderly one." Literally, "it is not lawful for 
a younger to testify against an older person." — KarauapTvpEiv, pres. infin. 
act. of fcaTafiapTvpia). The preposition Kara here, in composition, governs 
the genitive. 

18-21. 7ro/Ua tcjv £6ov, "many animals." Literally, "many of ani- 
mals." The neuter plural noTila has the verb {egtI) in the singular.— baa 
EXEi, " as many as have." A neuter plural with a singular verb : baa is from 
ocroc. — TtlEiovg accus. plur. for Trlsiovag, comparative of Tcolvg, and taking 
TETTapuv in the genitive. — to koleiv, " the doing a thing," nominative 
to kari understood. The infinitive with the neuter of the article forms in 
Greek a species of verbal noun. So again, to K£%£vcai, " the ordering a 

191 



NOTES ON PAGES 6 AND 7. 
Page 

Q thing. 1 * — TTOielv, pres. infin. act. of ttoisu. — tceXevcat, 1st aor. infin. 
act. of KeXevo. — yXvKiov, comparative of yXvKvg. — rfjg Trarpidoe, 
"than one's country." — ovk egtiv ovbsv, "there is nothing." Two or 
more negatives in Greek make a stronger negation. — upeicrcrov o'tKTtppov 
<pdovoc, "envy is better than compassion," i. e., it is better to be envied 
for brilliant success, than to be pitied for want of spirit to achieve. — icpeio- 
ccjv, irreg. comparative of dya&oc. 

22-25. xprj, "we ought." Impersonal verb. — atyav, pres. infin. act. of 
mydo). — jj, "or else." — Kpeiaaova oiyyc, "things better than silence" 
i. e., things more or less important in their nature, and therefore worthy of 
mention. — wra, " ears" accus. plur. of ovc. — exopev, 1st plur. pres. indie, 
act. of ^w. — ev, accus. sing. neut. of etc, pea, 'iv. — Iva TrXeio pev aicovc)- 
pev, &c, " in order that we may hear more and say less." — irXeio), accus. 
plur. neut. comparative of tto\vq. — dicovtopev, 1st plur. pres. subj. act. of 
atcova). — fjTrova, accus. plur. neut. of tjttov, irregular comparative of 
piKpoc.—Myopev, 1st plur. pres. subj. act. of Xiya. — irXelov ken, "is more 
abundant." — avp<j>epovroc, " than the useful." Literally, " than that which 
is advantageous," gen. sing. pres. part. act. of avptyeptd. — dpxe, " govern" 
2d sing. pres. imperat. act. of dpxeo. Governs the genitive, as being equiv- 
alent to a noun and verb. — pndev tjttov, " no less." 

26-28. crepye, " love" i. e., " cherish a regard for," 2d sing. pres. imperat. 
act. of arepyo). — ra rzapovra, " what you at present have." Literally, " the 
things present unto you," accus. plur. neut. pres. part, of ndpetpi. — (jjtel 8s 
to, (3eXria), " and yet at the same time seek after better things." — <J]tei, 2d 
sing. pres. imperat. act. of i^rjreo). — f3eXrio, accus. plur. neut. of Pelricov, 
comparative of ayaftoc. — ol t&v teXet&v, &c. The order is, ol perexovrec 
t&v teTietov exovglv rdc klmdac rjdiove irepl T-fjc TeXevTTJg rov [Slov, " they 
who participate in the mysteries have more pleasing hopes respecting the end 
of life" i. e., the initiated have more cheering hopes respecting a future 
state, than the uninitiated : perexovrec, pres. part. act. of perexo), governing 
the genitive as indicating the taking part in a thing. — qdiovc, accus. plur. 
of ?j6co)v, comparative of rjdvg. 

31-35. rtiv ovrov, "of the things that are," i. e., of all things: gen. 
plur. pres. part, of elpi, agreeing with xpvpdrov understood, just as Trpea- 
Bvrarov agrees with xPVp a i a l s0 understood. — dyivvnroc yap, "for he is 
uncreated." — naXkiorov Koapoc, " the world is the fairest," i. e., the 
fairest thing of the things that are, rdv ovrov understood. — peyiarov tottoc, 
"space is the most extensive." — X u P £ ~ L i 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of^wpew. 
— rpi%ei, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of rpe^6>. — Kparel, 3d sing. pres. indie, 
act. of Kpareo, and governing the genitive as equivalent to updroc e#«, a 
noun and verb. — dvEvpianEi, "it finds out," 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of 
avevpicKG). 

J Line 1-9. yiyverai, " becomes," 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of yiyvo- 
pat. — to pev yap bbv, "for its egg." More literally, " for the egg 
(that contains it)." — xv V£ t° v i " than that of a goose," agreeing with dov 
understood. — icat iTCTaKaidendirnxvc, " even seventeen ells long." Liter- 
ally, " of seven and ten ells in length." — 6 rdv tzIslgtov, &c. The order 
is, 6 fiioc rdv ttIelgtov n apart bXkvr at pellnapip. — TrapanollvTai, "is 
ruined," i. e., is blasted in its fairest prospects, 3d sing. pres. indie, pass. 
of iraparcoWvpi. — KdWicrov to ducaioTarov, &c, "what is most just is 
fairest ; to enjoy health, too, is easiest ; and it is most pleasing to obtain the 
things which each one loves," i. e., which he desires to obtain. — frdGrbv i^, 
for frqarbv re, the final vowel of re being cut off by apostrophe and the 
192 



NOTES ON PAGES 7 AND 8. 

Pa?* 

consonant changed to an aspirate : pdarov is the superlative of padiog. "J 
— vyiaiveiv, pres. infin. act. of vyiacvco, taken as a noun (in prose it 
would be to vytaivsiv) and having kari understood. — tvx^Zv, 2d aor. infin, 
act. of rvyxdvu, an d governing tovtcjv (" those things") understood. — &v, 
gen. plur. neut. of og, tj, b. — hpd, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of kpdu, and gov- 
erning the genitive. — x £l P' iar0LC -> dat. P^ ur - masc - of X £ ^P l(7T0 C irreg. superl. 
of na/cog. — f3e/,~icTO(,c, dat. plur. masc. of fisATLGTog, irreg. superl. of dya~ 
t9dc. — VTzepopd, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of VTcepopdu. — ovre Tovg dya&ovg 
■&avfid^ei, " nor spares, through admiration, the good :" ■Qavud&i is the 
3d sing. pres. indie, act. of d-av/xu^cj. 

10-19. Kot ev fiicro) Kelrai, " and lies in the centre of the universe." 
The popular but erroneous belief of an early period. With fieau supply 
totto) or something equivalent. — vq' r/dovijg olvvekovc, " through long-con- 
tinued pleasure ," i. e., through uninterrupted enjoyment, and the satiety 
which this produces. — firj avvievrai, &c, " do not comprehend true felicity," 
i. e., have no conception of what forms true happiness : avvievrai is the 
3d plur. pres. indie, mid. of avvivfiL, and governing the genitive. — iraTpbe 
rjv d&avovc, "was the son of an obscure father," supply 6 vloc after rjv. — ek 
rfjg eTu/ie?^eiag, " through care." — yiyveodat ovvarai, " are able to become," 
i. e., can become, or can be rendered. — rolg rjpoGtv, "unto his heroes" 
i. e., those described in his poems. — tzugcv o/aocav, " of the same kind for 
all." — ciTrodeSuKE, " has assigned," 3d sing. perf. indie, act. of ciTzodidufii. 
— TrepuGfanae, "despoiled," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 7iepiov?*dG). — 
TzapaKELfiivnv avrC), " lying by the side of it," i. e., placed by the side of it. 
The dative avTu is governed by napd in composition. — d^elAev, "took 
away," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of cKpaipso. — ISuv, 2d aor. part. act. of 
elSu. — kcI dixaioEVTov, "and at the same time uneducated." 

21-30. fyaivETai, "appear," 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of (pacva, a sin- 
gular verb with a neuter plural. — ov upsl—ov, "is it not better V Supply 
ectl. — uGTrdaaad-ai, "to choose." More literally, "to embrace," 1st aor. 
infin. mid. of da-d^oftac. — hAev&epov dvdpog egtlv, " it is the duty of a free 
man," i. e., of a free spirit. — ru/.nd-ii, "the truth," contracted for to 
dAvdrj. — Eixev, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of ex u ' — £977, " used to say," 
3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of ywpi. — pi^ag, accus. with the infinitive {elvai). 
— na-&' fydov, " in Hades," nad-' by apostrophe for Kara. — diafcpivovatv, 
" discriminate between," 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of diaKptvo. — dsivov 
egtc, &c, "it is a dreadful thing for the bad to rule over the good." 
More literally, " for the worse to rule over the better :" x £l P ovc i accus. 
before the infinitive : irreg. comparative of nanog. — apxecv, pres. infin. act. 
of dpxo). 

31-36. e7.e~>/ev, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of Asyo. — -kpelttov, "that it 
was better." Supply elvai. — i^dizovg ovGa, " being six-footed :" ovca is the 
nom. sing. fem. of uv, ovaa, ov, pres. part, of eljil. — Tolg p.Ev TEaaapGc, 
&c, " walks on only four :" j3adi&i, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of fiadifa. — 
Xpijrai, 3d sing. pres. indie, of ^pao/zai. — ETrolifiVGEv, 3d sing. 1st aor. 
indie, act. of TO/U^eo). — ettj, time how long, and therefore in the accusative. 
— fypaipe, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of ypdepej. — (3iuGag, "having lived" 
i. e., during a life of: 1st aor. part. act. of [Stou. 

Line 1-5. 6 npeGfniTEpog, "the elder." — kirEpaat, "transported" g 
3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of rcEpdu. — Tovg I,7jpag ioropovGi, &c, 
" they relate that the Seres live," &c. : iGTopovGi, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. 
of iaropEG). — fj?v, pres. infin. act. of £uw. — ml Tovg 'Ka?^daiovg, &c, "and 
there is a report that the Chald&ans survive beyond a hundred years." — 

R 193 



NOTES ON PAGES 8 AND 9. 

Page 

3 j3iovv, pres. infin.. act. of (Slow. — VTrsp ra itcarbv et?j. The article 
is frequently joined, in Greek, to numerals, to mark the complete sum, 
where in English it is seldom expressed. — Tibyoc. Supply earl. 

7-15. j3ttiaai Xeyerac, "is said to have lived.' 1 '' (3t£)Gai is the 1st 
aor. infin. act. of j3i6o, and Xeyerat, 3d sing. pres. indie, pass, of ?Jyo). 
— Gvyypafcvc enarbv, &c, " an historian of a hundred and twenty-four 
years" i. e., an historical writer, after having reached the age of one hun- 
dred and twenty-four years. — eteTievtvge, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 
rsXevrdo). — [3iove, " after having lived," 2d aor. part. act. of fitou. — etoc 
ev Tvpoc, &c, " eighty-one years." Literally, " one year in addition to 
eighty." — 'Zikovtov evoc, &c, " Silvius having reigned thirty years wanting 
one." — ivoe (etovc understood) is governed by diovra, the pres. part. act. of 
6eu. — j3ao-i2,evaavroc, gen. absolute, 1st aor. part. act. of ($ aether) a. — hi 
ttTieco rptaKovra etuv, "for one year more than thirty." — (3on&7}GOVT£c f 
"in order to lend aid" fut. part. act. of j3o7]-&ecj. — dtr/'h-Sov, "traversed," 
i. e., marched. Literally, "went through," 3d plur. 2d aor. indie, act. of 
diipxofxat,. 

16-22. eitte, "said" 2d aor. indie, act. of eiko. — dirEthEtg, 2d sing, 
pres. indie, act. of aTTEthecj. — ij <j>vglc, understand after this dirEthel \S-dva- 
tov. — dnavT^Gac, "having met," 1st aor. part. act. of ('uravrdu. — t& 
^uvtl, " the surviver." Literally, " the one that was living," imperf. part, 
of £do. — 7}p6ra, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of kpurdu. — av dirE$avec, "didst 
thou die ?" 2d aor. indie, act. of dTro'&vTJGKO). — tovt', by apostrophe for tovto. 
— diroTiLTTOvaa, " having left," 2d aor. part. act. of uttoTiectto). — \9-a/j.i&Lc, 
2d sing. pres. indie, act. of fta/ufa. — ovk egtl tovto Gofypovelv, " this is 
not acting discreetly :" aoxbpovelv is the pres. infin. act. of aotypovEO. — ovx 
ovto), " not on this condition," i. e., not with this understanding. — 6 naTT/p 
aov napedoKEv, "did thy father give," 1st aor. indie, act. of napadidufit. 

23-28. aTTopuv, " being in great want," pres. part. act. of dtropECd. — 
hmrrpaGKE, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of TUTrpdono. — ypdtyuv, pres. part, 
act. of ypd(po. — ehsys, "said," referring to the contents of the letter. — 
cvyxatpe 7}/j,i~v, "congratulate me." Literally, "rejoice with us," 2d sing, 
pres. imperat. of Gvyxaipu. — Tps^sc, 3d sing. pres. indie, act. of rpt : 0«. — 
elvat MyovTai, "there are said, to be." — ol tovc [iev -KohtTac, &c, "who 
wound their own citizens to death," i. e., who, whenever they wound any 
inhabitants of Latmus, sting them mortally. The expression tovc fiev 
TvoXcTac g^lglv means literally, " the citizens unto them," i. e., unto the 
scorpions. — i;Evovc. Supply Ttaiovac. — dyanuGL, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. 
of dyaTrdu. 

29-34. EpoTn&slc, "having been asked," 1st aor. part. pass, of kpoTao. 
— avTol iavTolc, " they themselves unto themselves." — styvaev, "produced" 
3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of (j>vo. — iavTov p.r] upaT&v, "who does not con- 
trol himself" i. e., who is a slave to his passions : KpaTuv, pres. part. act. 
of/cpareo. — ovtoc. Supply egtl. — /caret tt}v iavTov, &c, " bring presents 
unto him, each one according to his means." 

Line 1-5. iruhuv, " offering for sale," pres. part. act. of ttoIeo. — 
Etc dElyfia, "for a sample." — TCEpiecfiEpEV, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. 
— &v, " if thou art," pres. part, of eljii. — uel Tai)Ta irepl, &c., " ever decide 
in the same, way about the same things," i. e., be ever consistent and im- 
partial. Literally, " decide the same things about the same :" TavTa is 
for -ra avTa. — yiyvuGne, 2d sing. pres. imperat. act. of yiyvtoGKO). — Trpoc 
xdpcv, " through favour." Literally, " with reference to favour." — km/ie- 
194 



NOTES ON PAGE 9. 

Tage 

2,ov, " take care of," 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of eTUfietecj, and Q 
governing the thing cared for in the genitive. — j3ov?„ov, "wish" 2d 
sing. pres. imperat. mid. of /3ov/,ofiai. — dptGKEtv, pres. infin. act. of apiana). 
— Tzdvrov /idTiLura, &c, "respect thyself most of all things." — aicxvvov, 
2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of alaxvvu. 

6-11. ol Tcoviipol, &c. The order is, ol Tcovnpol u.7ro6?J7zovGi ftovov e'lq 
to nspdoe, " the bad look only to gain." — drtQfjki'xovcsL, 3d plur. pres. indie, 
act. of aTro6?j7TO). — rd rzdd-n, " his passions." — avrbevr? avruv noXafrrai, 
" is himself chastised by them :" Ko'kd^Erat, 3d sing. pres. indie, pass, of 
ko?m£o. — au&cr&at,, pres. infin. pass, of otofa. — nal ££ avrtiv, &c., " they 
draw him up even from deep caverns themselves ," i. e., from the very midst 
of deep caverns. — dvacTi&Gi, 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of dvaaixda. — ovoev 
rf/c £Vjxop<flac o^e/loc, "there is no advantage from a fair exterior," i. e., 
no advantage arises from. Supply kari after bfyekoc. — urj e^n, "may not 
have," 3d sing. pres. subj. act. of tyco. — ev -frvrjCKOiQ, " mayest thou die hap- 
pily," 2d sing. pres. optat. act. of tivrjcutd. The optative has here its gen- 
uine meaning, as indicating, namely, a wish. — IA#??, " may have come," 3d 
sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of epxofiai. 

12-17. ottote Gxo'kuC,oi, &c, " that whenever he had nothing to do, and 
was not leading an army." More literally, " that whenever he might have 
nothing to do, and might not be leading an army." The optative has here 
the force of the potential. — axoM^ot, 3d sing. pres. opt. act. of ff^oAafw. — 
GrparevocTO, 3d sing. pres. opt. mid. of arparEVO). — r&v ircKOKOfJiov olea- 
■&at, &c, "he thought he differed in no respect from his grooms." The 
absence of the pronoun from before oleo-&ai, shows that this verb refers to 
the same person that is implied in eXeyev. The pronoun is understood in 
the nominative. — pndev, accus. sing. neut. taken adverbially. 

uv udlcara evSoKifxoin, " might gain applause in the greatest degree," 
3d sing. pres. opt. act. of ev6oki/j.eo). Attic for evdotapoi. — naracppov&v, 
"by despising." Literally, " by thinking against." The genitive is gov- 
erned by Kara in composition. Pres. part. act. of Karatypoveu. 

18-21. -d-dir-ovGiv rove venpovc, "inter their dead," i. e., dispose of 
their bodies after death. — Tapixsvovree, " by embalming them." Supply 
avrovc. — 'Pupaloc 6e naiovrec, " but the Romans theirs, by burning them 
(on funeral piles)." After 'Pu/mioc supply ■&utttovol rove vexpovc, and after 
KaiovrtQ the pronoun avrovc. — 8lukovciv, " actually pursue it." Supply 
avrov. — £ina&, "used to liken," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of ei/cdfa, 
without any augment. — role 'Epfialc, " to their own Henna." — exovoiv, 
"which have," dat. plur. pres. part. act. of exo. The Hermse, at Athens, 
were blocks, or trunks of stone, placed upright, and surmounted by a head 
of Mercury. They had no arms or legs ; and hence Philip sneered at the 
Athenians, as saving much, and full of boasting, but doing nothing at all, 
and inefficient in the hour of action. 

22-29. TTspl rrjv iarptKrjv eaTvovdaae, " was full of zeal about the healing 
art," i. e., paid zealous attention to it. With larptKrjV supply texvtjv. — 
kcirovdace, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of G-nOvdafa. — nal avroc laro, " and 
he himself used to practise it." Literally, " used to act as a physician," or 
" to heal," 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of Idoftat. — nal rd Xonxd, " and so 
forth" Literally, "and to do the other things," i. e., the other things 
connected with the practice of medicine. Supply ettoiel, imperf. of noiio. 
The phrase is analogous to the Latin et cetera. 

kcTaata^Ernv, 3d dual imperf. indie, act. of cracLdfa. — etc nalSe ovre, 

195 



NOTES ON PAGES 9 AND 10. 

Page 

Q "while yet boys:" owe is the nom. dual masc. of uv. — KareXtTre, 

" left behind," i. e., abandoned, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of Kara- 

2.EITC0). — k^ETtlevGe, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of e/cirtec). — dirrjyayev, 3d 

sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of attayo. — yyayev, "is wont to lead," 3d sing. 

2d aor. indie, act. of dyu. — kirpuTevoev 1% 'Evador, " stood at the head 

of Greece" Literally, " was first of Greece :" 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. 

of rrpuTevo), which governs the genitive because equivalent to a superlative 

with the auxiliary verb. — xP° vov i "f or a period." Continuance of time, 

and therefore in the accusative. — xP^f-^Vf " ty following y Literally, 

" by using," pres. part. mid. of xpdo/j,cu. 

30-33. 'O Atoyevnc, " the well-known Diogenes." — on. When on 
stands, as here, in the beginning of a direct remark or speech, it is not to 
be translated, but is equivalent merely to the inverted commas in English, 
that mark a speech or quotation. — ol fiev dWot kvvsc, " the rest of dogs." 
Diogenes, the Cynic, had the appellation of kvov given him on account of 
his snarling and snappish manner. He playfully alludes here to this pecu- 
liar appellation. — eyu 6e tovq tyiXove, &c, "I, however, bite my friends, in 
order that I may save them." Alluding to the caustic but salutary nature 
of his advice. With eyd supply ddnvu. — c6cra), 1st sing. 1st aor. subj. 
act. of ffcj£w. — /undevl ovjityopdv bvzidione, " reproach no one with misfor- 
tune." Literally, "reproach misfortune to no one :" 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. 
act. ofbveidi^o). — kuv [ibvoc 77c, " even though thou mayest be alone." kuv is 
for Kal &v, and tjc is the 2d sing. pres. subj. of eljii. — (pavhov /n^re Xe^yc, 
&c., "neither say nor do anything evil:" "ke^yc is the 2d sing. 1st aor. 
subj. act. of /ieyo, and epydan is the 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. mid. of hpyd- 
^ofiai. 

"j Line 1-2. [indev. The negation is strengthened in the Greek by 
the negative particles, but, in translating, [xndev becomes equivalent 
to Tt. — aldovc. irapu iraoLV, &c, " thou xoilt be worthy of respect with all:" 
aldovc is the contracted genitive of aldd>c, and is governed by u^loc. — eaei, 
2d sing. fut. indie, of etfii, with the Attic termination, instead of the common 
ton. — dpZng, 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. act. of dpxu. — aldcZcr&ai, pres. infin. 
mid. of aldeoftat. 

3-9. advvarov. Supply hart. — uvev rye tuv ovpaviiov deupiac, " without 
the studious contemplation of celestial phcenomen a," i. e., without a knowl- 
edge of astronomy, &c. — //£#' Tifiepav, " during the day." Literally, " after 
day (had appeared)." //£#' is for /zerd, by apostrophe. — dipac, " having 
lighted," 1st aor. part. act. of uttto). — rrjv rye.. In this position of the 
article, the second agrees with the nearer noun, the first with the more 
remote ; so that ttjv here agrees with onTinpoTnTa. — KaraTivaavrec, " having 
laid aside." More literally, "having dissolved," or "loosened," 1st aor. 
part. act. of Karalvu. — e&KeiTtav, " dashed." More literally, "drove." 
A metaphor borrowed from the running of a vessel ashore. — ovvoiKicrac, 
1st aor. part. act. of cvvoacifa. — rove, rrjv 'Attiktjv KaroiKOvvrac, " the 
inhabitants of Attica." More literally, " those who were inhabiting Attica," 
imperf. part. act. of KaroLKeu. — dwetynvev, " made of them." Literally, 
" showed forth," i. e., to the world, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of divo^acvu. 

10-13. to xaltie dnod-aveZv, &c. The order is, rj <pvcic direvetjuev ToZg 
dya-Q-oZc. to naXiJc diro-&aveZv Idtov, " nature has assigned the dying well 
unto the good, as something peculiar," i. e., as their peculiar property. 
The article to joined to the infinitive diro'&aveZv, produces a species of 
verbal noun : diro&aveZv is the 2d aor. infin. act. of aTzod-v^dKu. — direvet- 
196 



NOTES ON PAGE 10. 

Page 
fiev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of arcove/xu. — vtcellelvcl, 1st sing. ]A 
1st aor. indie, act. of vtcolievcj. — kt; ov, "since." Supply XP° V0V ' 
The full expression is, e/c tov xpovov kj; ov (xpovov). — tyLlooofyslv ettevotj- 
cac, "thou hast turned thy thoughts to philosophy," 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, 
act. of emvoio. — oeiivbc tic kysvov, " thou hast become a grave sort of a 
person :" eyevov, 2d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of yivoiiai. — nai tuc b<j>pvc, 
&c., " and hast raised thy eyebrows above thy temples," i. e., hast assumed 
a supercilious look: enr/pac, 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of kiraipu. 

14-19. upri jiol 6iana-&r]pavTL, " unto me having just cleaned," dat. sing. 
1st aor. part. act. of dtaKa&aipu.—ETreGTn, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of 
kfyicTVLu. — enrjVEt, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of ettcuveg). — tt/v fyiXepyiav, 
"my activity." Literally, "the activity," i. e., which I had displayed. — 
tovtcov tie onapevTuv, " and these having been sown," 2d aor. part. pass. 
of CTTEipa). Genitive absolute. — dvETeikav, 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, act. of 
ava-EXku. — d^poavvvg earl, &c., " the forming of wrong judgments about 
things is a mark of want of understanding ;" icptvai, 1st aor. infin. act. of 
xpivo, forming with the article a species of verbal noun. — irepiCTelXat, 
1st aor. infin. act. of tteplgteHo. 

21-27. fiati-cov, " having learned," 2d aor. part. act. of Liav&dvco. — £y, 
3d sing. pres. indie, act. of (dw. — dyopdaac, 1st aor. part. act. of dyopdfa. 
— ^ikel TGJ ndiivovTi, &c, " the deity loves to labour with him that labours." 
More freely, "is wont to assist him that labours." — ovtc uv Svvaco, &c, 
" thou wilt not, I think, be happy, not having laboured," i. e., without labour 
or employment of some kind or other : koliuv, 2d aor. part. act. of Kdfivu. 
The optative with dv is here employed to express a milder assertion than 
would have been conveyed by the simple future, and which we have en- 
deavoured to convey by the words " I think." 

avrbc ete/usv, " cut with his own hands." More literally, " himself cut," 
3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of tejuvu. — Av/Ltoo-&evovc eIttovtoc, " Demosthenes 
having said." Genitive absolute. — utvoktevovgl, 3d plur. fut. of drroKTELvu. 
— hdv juavtici, " if they become insane," 3d plur. 2d aor. subj. pass, of fxai- 
vo/xac. — hdv cutypovuciv, " if they become sane," 3d plur. pres. subj. act. of 
cu<ppov£u). 

28-30. Tisye tca/cuc, &c, " ay, speak ill, since thou hast not learned how 
to speak well" There is here a play upon the words. The expression 
kokcjc "KiyEtv signifies both " to speak incorrectly" and " to speak injuri- 
ously," and tcaltic leyetv, on the other hand, both " to speak correctly" 
and " to praise." " To speak correctly" here, is to speak in accordance 
with the dictates of true wisdom, i. e., philosophy. — fiefj.d'&vKac, 2d sing, 
perf. indie, act. of fiav&dvid. — 6 K.a"kbc nai dya-&bc dvrjp, &c, "the man 
of moral excellence submits his own judgment to him who governs all 
things," i. e., to the ruler of the universe. The expression KaJ.bc nal 
dyad-bc dvrip is meant to indicate man as he should be, both externally and 
internally, and is best rendered by a paraphrase. — vTroTsraxe, 3d sing. perf. 
indie, act. of viroTdaau. The continued action implied by the perfect gives 
it here the force of a present. — Sioucovvti,, dat. sing. pres. part. act. of 

SlOlKEO). 

32-36. rbv EVTVxovvTa, &lc, "it behooves the prosperous man to be 
wise" i. e., we ought to make a wise use of prosperity. Literally, "it 
behooves him that is fortunate," &c. — evTvxovvra, accus. sing. pres. part, 
act. of svtvxeo). — izEtyvKEvai, perf. infin. act. of (pvto, equivalent here merely 
to Etvai. — /car' bvap bontJv, &c, "imagining in a dream thai he had trod- 
K, 2 197 



NOTES ON PAGES 10 AND 11. 

Page 

J_Q den on a nail,'''' i. e., dreaming that he had, &c. : Tre-rrarnKevai, perf. 
infin. act. of Trarew, and referring to the same person that is im- 
plied in doncJv, as the absence of the pronoun indicates. — vizap, " on wa- 
king." — TrepiedriaaTO, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of irepcdio). — 6m ri yap, 
" why then?' Literally, supplying at the same time the ellipsis, " (This 
serves thee right), for why," &c. — otyodpa Ksuvfyora, " greatly bent." More 
freely, "bent almost double," i. e., as indicative of pain: accus. sing. perf. 
part. act. of kvttto). — cv[x6e&7]KEV, 3d sing. perf. indie, act. of Gvp6aivo). 

2_1 Line 1-4. ol Tcpbc rrjv db^av, &c, " they who are eagerly desirous 
of renown." Literally, " they who gape after renown." — Kexwvoreg, 
nom. plur. perf. part. mid. of xaivu. — ripr/navi, 3d plur. perf. indie, act. of 
(yeo. — tov rjT^LOv elvai, " that the sun is." Accusative with the infinitive. 
— KareaKsvaae, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of naracrKsvafa. — rrsfevyug, 
perf. part. mid. of (bevyu. — enl <j)6v(p, " on account of a murder." He 
lulled, through envy, Talus, his sister's son, having thrown him down from 
a window. 

5-11. knetyvKec, " was." Literally, " had been and continued," 3d sing, 
pluperf. indie, act. of cpvtj, and equivalent here to f/v. — rovg irodac, " of 
foot." More literally, "as to her feet." The accusative of nearer defini- 
tion, where some understand Kara. — kweTtveov, 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. 
of £tuttveg). — ETre(j)pi,K£i, " was rough." Pluperfect rendered by the im- 
perfect. Literally, "had been and continued rough," 3d sing, pluperf. 
indie, act. of typ'tcco, — k^rjv&fjKei, " swelled forth like an opening flower," 
3d sing, pluperf. indie, act. of e^avd-io). Pluperfect again as an imperfect. 

Anjj,ov&£V7]c, &c., " Demosthenes replied to a thief, who said." Literally, 
" to a thief having said." In construction, e<prj follows immediately after 
Lrjpoc&evrjg. — ova ydeiv, " I did not know," 1st sing, pluperf. indie, act. of 
eido), and rendered as an imperfect. — on 6e gov, &c., " thou knewest, how- 
ever, that it is not thine." — 7rpoaayyel-&eiarjc, "having been announced" 
gen. sing. fern. 1st aor. part. pass, of KpoaayyeKku. Genitive absolute. — 
ydecv clvtovc -frvyrovc yevvrjoac, " I knew that I begat them as mortal." 
Some verbs in Greek (of which eldu is one) take with them a participle, 
where we employ the simple conjunction that with its clause. If the sub- 
ject indicated by the participle be the same as that of the preceding verb, 
the participle stands in the nominative : if the subject be different, the 
participle is in one of the oblique cases. — XPV* 71 ^ for XPV (7l l ia - — eldug for 
eldr]K0)c, perf. part. act. of eidco. — noXX' for noXka. 

12-20. QeoKpirog. Not the poet, but a sophist and public speaker. 
The verb avyypafyei, also, shows that the poet is not meant, as this verb 
applies only to prose composition. — on. Not to be translated. Equivalent 
merely to the inverted commas in English. — wc pzv fiovXo/uai, &c., " I 
cannot write as I wish, and I do not wish to write as I can." With fiovlo- 
pat and dvvapai supply ovyypdtyeiv. — alaxvveo. Ionic form for aiaxvvov, 
2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of alaxvva). — ovk aptad-ov, &c. The order 
is, to ev ttoucv ovk (ecm,v) apicr&ov. — kuv prj irapaxpvpa, &c., " even 
though a return for the kindness do not at the moment show itself." 
k&v is for not uv. — falvrjTai, 3d sing. pres. subj. mid. of (paivu. — diet 
aioxpav alriav, "from some disgraceful cause." — bveidog, " is a reproach." 
Supply egtL — tov bpyi&pevov vbpiC,e, &c , "think that the angry man 
differs from the madman only as regards continuance of time," i. e., his 
madness is as great, but only of shorter duration. Literally, " that he who 
is angry differs from him that is mad," &c. — vnoxiopuv ttote, &c, "when 
198 



NOTES ON PAGES 11 AND 12. 

Pago 
retreating on one occasion before the advancing foe." More literally, 
"when yielding once to enemies coming on:" vwoxupuv is the 
pres. part. act. of VTrojwpeu. — ovk e(prj fyevyeiv, "said he was not fleeing ;" 
ovk etyri is equivalent here to the Latin negabat. — h7Xa Sluksiv, &c, "but 
was pursuing an advantage lying in his rear." Meaning, that he yielded 
now, only in order to gain an advantage afterward. — to cvfL^epov. Liter- 
ally, " that which was advantageous." 

20-24. ol Trd?*,cu 'A&nvacoi, " the early Athenians. 1 ' An adverb placed 
like 7ru2ai, between the article and noun, is to be rendered frequently by 
an adjective. In fact, however, ovtec is understood. — Tjfnreixovro, "used 
to array themselves in," 3d plur. imperf. indie, mid. of a/nrexu, with a 
double augment. — irug av rig, &c, "how one might please men most." — 
el rjdiora uev e<prj, &c, "if replied he, in conversing with them he should 
say what is most pleasing, and (in acting) should bear himself towards them 
in the most useful manner." More literally, " if he should converse with 
them most pleasantly, and bear himself most usefully." The adjectives 
TjdioTa and oxpeTii/xurara are to be construed adverbially. With Trpocfe- 
pocro supply avroic.. 

25-31. yeyovausv, "we have been born," 1st plur. perf. indie, mid. of 
yivojiat. — yevEGftai, "to exist" 2d aor, infin. mid. of yivojiac. — toLKev, 
"is like" 3d sing. perf. indie, mid. of ecku. — Kara ttjv fidxiv Kvpru/ua, 
&c, " have on the back a swelling like a camel," i. e., like a camel's ; as if 
the Greek had been, napeudepec t£> ttjc K.a{j.-7/2,ov Kvprufiari. — dedoiaacnv, 
"fear," 3d plur. perf. indie, mid. of deibu. — ov togovtov, " not so much." 
— baov, "as." — ova anyiioac, "hast thou not heard?" 2d sing. perf. mid. 
of anovc), with the Attic reduplication. — bvreg av&puiroi, to Tvalaibv, 
" being formerly men." — to Ttalcubv may be more literally rendered " of 
old." — fiere6a?o0v, "changed," i. e., were transformed: 3d plur. 2d aor. 
indie, act. of jiETaBdXXco, translated here as if intransitive, but having in 
reality eavrove. understood. 

31-^34. eypnyoporcc evvitvlov, "is the dream of one awake," i. e., is a 
waking dream, gen. sing. perf. part. mid. of eyeipo. — TroYe rjp^aro, "when 
he began," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of apxu. — KaTayiyvucweiv efiavrov, 
u to sit in judgment on myself." More literally, "to decide against my- 
self," i. e., against my own foolish or evil propensities. 

Line 1-5. fiefivnco, "remember," 2d sing. perf. imperat. pass. 1J2 
of uiuvrjGKu, and taken in a middle sense. — bri av fjp^u, " that thou 
didst begin," 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of dpxo. — vv^aro exeiv, "wished 
he had," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of Evxop-at. — ^i/lcj ovtl, " who was 
a friend of his." Literally, " being a friend." — hxapioaTO, 3d sing. 1st 
aor. indie, mid. of^api£w. 

6-9. Ibytcai npb epyov, " reflect before action," 2d sing. 1st aor. imperat. 
mid. of loyifa. — Aioyevnc 7rpoo tov, &c., "unto a person who had stag- 
gered him with a blow from a beam, and ivho cried out thereupon, ' take 
care, 1 Diogenes, having struck him with his staff, replied, ' take care.' " 
More literally, " unto the person who had," &c. — tyvla^ai, 2d sing. 1st aor. 
imperat. mid. of (j>v?idaao). — rrTi-fj^ac, 1st aor. part. act. of ttX^ggo. — Trepl, 
"towards." — olovg av evgaio, &c, "as thou wouldst wish." 

10-13. 1} 'lvdxov," the daughter of Inachus." Supply -d^vydrnp. — fiera- 
p.op<pw&eZoa, " after having been transformed," 1st aor. part. pass, of ftera- 
uop(j>6u. — vfj^aa-d-ai, "to have swam across," 1st aor. infin. mid. of vijxo- 
fcai. — dovvac to bvopa, " to have given its name." The meaning is, that 

199 



NOTES ON PAGES 12 AND 13. 

Pago 

22 ^e passage or strait was called Bosporus, from (3ovc and nopoc, 
i. e., the passage of the cow. — rrapd /xucpbv, " almost." Literally, 
"by the side of little." — ETrviyn, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of Trviyo. — 
tofiocrev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of dfivvfii. — firj aipacr&ai, "never to 
touch," 1st aor. infin. mid. of utttco, and governing the genitive, as referring 
to apart. — kdv fir) Trp&rov /u.d'&y, "unless he shall first have learned" 3d 
sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of fiav&dvco. 

15-16. j>aol, "they say" 3d plur. pres. indie, act. of tyrijd. — dpa/xevnv, 
"having lifted," 1st aor. part. mid. of alpu. — naW rjfiepav, "daily." — 7ia~ 
■&elv (3ovv (pepovaav, " insensibly carried it when an ox," i. e., advancing 
by little and little, carried it at last when it had become an ox. Literally, 
" escaped her own observation carrying an ox," i. e., the increase in the 
animal's weight was so imperceptible to her, from the daily custom of lifting 
it, that she at last carried it when grown into an ox, without perceiving that 
this required any unusual exertion of strength : 2,a-&ecv is the 2d aor. infin. 
act. of lav&dvo, and is very often rendered adverbially when joined with a 
participle, as in the present instance. 

17-19. dca tov cradiov fiiaov, " through the middle of the race-course" 
i. e., along its whole length, which was one hundred and twenty-five paces, 
or 600 feet. — 6 naTayuvLodfievoc, " who conquered." 

21-26. -&eol acoTT^peg, "preserving deities." Literally, "gods, preser- 
vers." One of the nouns becomes an adjective in translating. — KVjudruv 
Kal tctvdvvov, &c, " have in their own good pleasure rescued me from billows 
and danger." Literally, " took me out for themselves," the force of the 
middle voice : nvfidruv and mvdvvov are governed by l/c in k^eVkovro, which 
is the 3d plur. 2d aor. indie, mid. of k^aipiu. — rpeipo/xac, " I will turn me," 
1st fut. mid. of rpiixid. — Kal /3a6covftai, &c, " and will go about in the 
country, dwelling there :" Attic future mid. for fiadiaopiaL, from fiadifa. — 
tov rfkiov emcKLd&cr&cu, " that the sun was shaded," i. e , was wont to be, 
imperf. infin. pass, of eircaKLd^o). — xdpiev, " it is good news." Supply hari. 
Literally, "it is a fine thing." — on Kal. &c, "since we will even," &c. — 
fiaxovfJ.e'&a, 2d fut. mid. (Attic contracted fut.) of fj,d%o[j.at. — ofotro, "he 
should see," 3d sing. 1st fut. opt. mid. of OTrrojuat. 

27-31. avro piovov to ovofta, "the name itself alone." — ewiyeypaTTTai, 
"is inscribed" 3d sing. perf. indie, pass, of tiuypdcpG). — diaTerdpayfiac 
T7]v yvdifinv, "I am disturbed in mind." Literally, "as to my mind," 
perf. indie, pass, of diaTapdaaio. — yvu/inv, accusative of nearer definition, 
where some understand Kara. — TreTreSn/btevn, "fettered." — eTuTieXnafiat, " 1 
have forgotten," 1st sing. perf. indie, pass, of kiuTiav&dvu, in a middle 
sense. — b TcapeaKevaadp.nv, "which I had prepared," 1st sing. 1st aor. 
indie, mid. of TrapaaKevd^u. 

32-34. el Tolg h oho), &c. Two Iambic trimeters. "If we are aban- 
doned by the riches (we once had) within our dwelling, still noble birth and 
generous sentiment remain." — Icle'ipi/zeda, 1st plur. perf. indie, pass, of 
Tieiivu. — uvde/xla etl tuv ttoXeov, &c, "no one as yet of states is safe, 
that has not for neighbours those who will do it harm," i. e., who watch 
every opportunity of doing harm ; and this, redoubling the watchfulness, 
ensures at the same time the safety of the state which they wish to injure. 

1Q Line 1—6. 6c TeTfifjcr&ai, &c, "so as to have its territories rav- 
aged, its cities sacked, its private dwellings overthrown, its political 
institutions subverted, and its laws completely broken up." Literally, "so 
as for its territories to be ravaged, its cities to be sacked," &c. Accusa- 
200 



NOTES ON PAGE 13. 

Page 

tives before infinitives throughout the whole sentence. What is Jg 
here stated is meant as an explanation of the evils that bad neigh- 
bours would inflict on a state if they succeeded in conquering it. — TETfirjcr&cu, 
perf. infin. pass, of teuvo. — nsTrop^TJc-d-at, perf. infin. pass, of Tcopd-eu. — 
yeyEV-rjadai, perf. infin. pass, of yivouai. — aveaTpd<j>-&ac, perf. infin. pass, 
of avacTpetyo). — KaTaTiehvcdai,, perf. infin. pass, of Karakvu. — uv&puTroe 
tiv, "since thou art mortal.' 1 '' — rrjc Koivijc rvxng, " the fortune that is inci- 
dent unto all" i. e., the common nature of misfortune. — TE&aizTat, " lies 
buried" 3d sing. perf. indie, pass, of fidirro. Observe the continued 
meaning implied by the perfect. 

7-13. 'O 'EapdavdirahXoc enelvoc, " that Sardanapdlus yonder." — 6 to 
cuua kvTETpiuuevoc, "who (during life) was painted as to his person." 
Literally, "rubbed in (with colours)," xpuuacL being understood: perf. 
part. pass, of Evrpcdcj. — diaTVETrleyuevog, perf. part. pass, of dtaTclsfao.— 
Karopcjpvyuivoc, perf. part. pass, of Karopvcao, with the reduplication. — 
nal kv fiaaileiocc KaraKeKXetu/ievog, " and secluded in a palace," perf. part, 
pass, of KaraK?ieio). — ovSev dXko fi, " nothing else but." — evdedio-d-at, perf. 
infin. pass, of evdeu. — rificopiac x^P tv ^ " as a punishment." More literally, 
" for the sake of punishment :" x^P tv * s tne accusative singular absolute ; 
where some, however, understand Kara..-, — uE/uyfiEvvv <pvacv dvdpbc nal 
tinpiov, " a blended nature of man and beast" perf. part. pass, of fciyvv/iu 

14-17. TvpoarjpTnTai, "is attached unto" 3d sing. perf. indie, pass, of 
npoaapTau. — role 6e akXotg C,d>oic, "but in the rest of animals." — npoc- 
TrcTrkaaTai, 3d sing. perf. indie, pass, of Trpoa^daau. — 'Pofiacov at ttoX- 
Xal yvvaiK.ec, &c, " the majority of Roman females are accustomed to wear 
the same sort of sandals with the men." The article changes the signifi- 
cation of ttoXvc, and several other adjectives. Thus Tro? i ,Xal yvvaiKEC, 
"many women;" but at iroXXal yvvaiKEC, "the majority of icomen." — 
'Fufxaiuv yvvaiKEC. Literally, " females of the Romans." — role avdpaaiv, 
the dative of similarity, after avrog. — eldtofievai siaiv, 3d plur. perf. indie, 
pass, of kd-i^u. 

19-22. yvfJLvbc dXnTitjiuEVog, "naked and anointed," perf. part. pass, of 
aXeifiu, with the reduplication. — airrjyxoviGuivac, perf. part. pass, of diray- 
Xovifa. — Etds yap E$n, &c, "exclaimed, l a capital sight, for would that 
all trees bore such fruit !' " The particle elds here denotes a wish, while 
ydp refers to something that precedes and is understood. This ellipsis, 
involving an assent on the part of the speaker, we have endeavoured to ex- 
press by the words, "a capital sight." — rjvsyKEv, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, 
act. of <j)Epo. — discnrapuevoLC role TlEpcaic cwekXekovto, "grappled with 
the scattered Persians" perf. part. pass, of ScauTiEtpcj. 

23-27. to Etuapusvov, " what is fated," perf. part. pass, of fiEtpu. It 
may also be rendered as a noun, "fate." — kuaariyov, " was flogging " 
3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of uaanyoio. — Eiuapro, "it was fated," 3d sing, 
pluperf. indie, pass, of uEipo, rendered as an imperfect. — koX dapfjvai, Zr/vuv 
itpn, " ay, replied Zeno, and to be scourged as often as thou stolest." Lit- 
erally, " and to be scourged too," 2d aor. infin. pass, of Sspu. We have 
endeavoured here to express, by a somewhat free version, the peculiar force 
of the aorist. Zeno, the founder of the Stoic sect, maintained that all 
things were the result of absolute necessity. The appeal of the slave is 
based upon this doctrine. — aTracn rote duaprdvovat, "for all who offended." 
— uptGTo, 3d sing, pluperf. indie, pass, of 6pi£u, to be rendered as an im- 
perfect. — rjuusvag, " ignited" perf. part. pass, of efomw. 

201 



NOTES ON PAGES 13 AND 14. 

Page 

13 28-36. wvofj.aaev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 6vo/j.d&. — 6e, 
" whereas." — rf/c avrrjc rj^ipag, " on the same day." Part of time 
is put in the genitive. — o)(j)-&n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of oirTO/uac. — 
i^tCr&no-av, "were thought worthy of" 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, pass, of 
a^ioo), and governing the genitive, like agtoc, from which it comes. — ttut- 
piov, " an hereditary privilege" i. e., a privilege handed down to them from 
their fathers. — riyEZodai, "to stand at the head of." More literally, "to 
take the lead of," pres. infin. rnid. of qyeofiaL. — r/Kfiaae, 3d sing. 1st aor. 
indie, act. of aKpidlo. — sirl, "in the time of." — Karidn, "descended," i. e., 
was perpetuated : 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of KaraSatvio. — ktyv'Xdx'&y, 
3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of fvXdaao). — Edav/j,do~&n, 3d sing. 1st aor. 
indie, pass, of -&avfxd^o). 

^4 Line 2-6. ko<pdyn, "was slain" 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of 
C(pdrro). — KareKOTcn nal dce^dpv, " was cut to pieces and destroy- 
ed :" naTEKortr) is the 3d sing. 2d aor indie, pass, of icaraKOTtro). — 6te<p-Qdprj, 
3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of Sia^eipo). — el {le&vc'&ein, " in case he 
were intoxicated," i. e., whenever he was : 3d sing. 1st aor. opt. pass, of 
[IE&VGK.G). — kfiTTTvovGL roZc TTCudioic, " spit into the bosoms of their children." 
This curious piece of superstition is still practised in Greece. (Consult 
Dodwell's Travels, vol. ii., p. 36). — ug /j,r/ ftacrKavduxHV, " that they may 
not he injured by the evil eye." Literally, " may not be spell-bound." 
(Dodwell, vol. ii., p. 30, seq.). 

7-11. vioq £>v, " when young." — btyti-T/vai, 1st aor. infin. pass, of ottto- 
fiat. — TiSyoc, " a tradition." — vad-fjvaL, " were rained upon" 1st aor. infin. 
pass, of iu. — xP va V v ei? avrovQ, &c., "Jupiter having broken a golden 
cloud upon them:" prj^avroc, 1st aor. part. act. of ()fiyvv(U. Genitive 
absolute. — etti "Arvoc did hi/iov, &c, " that games were invented in the 
reign of Atys, in consequence of a famine." The number of daily meals 
was lessened in consequence of the scarcity, and to call off the attention of 
the Lydians from this circumstance, games and amusements were intro- 
duced. — evpe&ijvai, 1st aor. infin. pass, of evpianu. 

11—19. 'Aptddvnv oi juev <paalv drrdy^aad-ai, "some say that Ariadne 
hung herself," 1st aor. infin. mid. of dirdyxu. — diroTiEKp-d-eZaav, 1st aor. 
part. pass, of diroTiEmu. — ol 6e, "but others," (pact understood. — KOfiiu- 
"&etcrav, 1st aor. part. pass, of ko/ui^cj. — yafj.ir&fjvai, 1st aor. infin. pass, of 
yapieu. — Tpatyele, " having been nurtured," 2d aor. part. pass, of rpi(j)cj. — 
Kal \id\iara kv rots, &c, " and having in particular been carefully trained in 
gymnastic exercises." — eyevero, "became," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid of 
yivofiat. — km, " on account of ." — nd!;ooTpaKLcr&els Sid tovto, " and having 
been banished for this :" for nal E^ocTpanLcd-Elc, 1st aor. part. pass, of k^oa- 
rpaKi^o). — tvovov [lETaXkax&evToe., &c., "toils are pleasing, when labour 
is changed," i. e., change of labour enables us to endure toils more easily, 
1st aor. part. pass, of UEraXkdaoo. 

20-25. o fiEXkEtc irpdrTEiv, " what thou art about to do." — drrorvx^v, 
" having failed ," 2d aor. part. act. of drroTvyxdvcj. — ysXacrd-jjaEt, 2d sing. 
1st fut. indie, pass, of yeMo, with the Attic termination, in place of the 
common form yehao&rjori. — okoizei, " see" 2d sing. pres. imperat. act. of 
okotteo. — rdc rifidc, " the honours which are their due." Observe the 
force of the article. — findsv, " in no respect." — udiKv^jGovrat, 3d plur. 
1st fut. indie, pass, of ddiKEO). — aldov, "respect," 2d sing. pres. imperat. 
mid. of aldeoftai. — airavra Sokel koleZv, &c., "think that thou art doing 
all things, as if about to escape the observation of no one." The reference 
202 



NOTES ON PAGES 14 AND 15. 

Pagre 

in Troieiv being to the same person implied in 56kel, the pronoun does 24 
not appear before the infinitive, but is understood in the nominative, 
and with this nominative hrjouv agrees. — 7J]Guv, 1st fut. part. act. of lav- 
d-dvu. — teal yap kdv, &c, "for even though thou may est have concealed it 
for the present, thou wilt afterward be discovered ," i. e., mayest have con- 
cealed what thou art doing : Kpvipng, 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. act. of upv-nTu. 
— b^drjoei,, 2d sing. 1st fut. indie, pass, of oirroftai. 

26-32. airoGTa?.elc, 2d aor. part. pass, of a7T0GTeHu.—vdpevaac-&ai, 
" to draw water" 1st aor. infin. mid. of vdpevu. — r/pndyn, " was forcibly 
carried off," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of dpirdfa- — Karaiuuv, 2d aor. 
part. act. of KaTamvo). — dirETrviyn, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of utto- 
Trvlyo). — kppi<f>n, 3d sing. 2d aor. mdic. pass, of p"cktu. — eupvin, " hid him- 
self," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, pass, of KpvTvru, in a middle sense. — ttv&o/x- 
ivov, "having inquired," 2d aor. part. mid. of irvv&dvG/j.ai. — naipbv tyo) 
jit] da-&ev7jaac, " I have had a fair time of it in not having been sick," i. e., 
I have been lucky enough not to be sick for some time back. Observe the 
force of naipbv, which, besides its other meanings, has that of " a favour- 
able," or, " advantageous time :" xp® vov would have denoted mere con- 
tinuance of time. The verb ejw implies here, in fact, " I have had and 
still have." — hl-frslv, 2d aor. infin. act. of epxo/iat. 

32-37. 2,£yeTai tov Kcviav, &c, "it is said that Cineas, when he per- 
ceived the spirit of the Romans, remarked unto Pyrrhus, that their senate 
appeared to him an assembly of kings." — (paveaj, 3d sing. 2d aor. opt. pass, 
of Qaivto, in a middle sense. In such constructions as the present, the op- 
tative is employed to denote what is passing in the mind of the individual 
who speaks, or, in other words, to express his own thoughts, not those of 
the writer also. — cvynpivo/Ltevov, " being compared." Genitive absolute. — 
(pavelrj dv, "will appear." A softened expression instead of <pav7Jo~ETai,, 
and meaning strictly, " will appear in all likelihood." 

Line 1-4. 6 $-&ov£ov, &c, " the envious man afflicts himself as ^5 
a private foe" i. e., envy pains him who entertains it, in as great 
a degree as this one would seek to pain a bitter foe. Literally, " he who 
envies." The first four sentences of this paragraph are from Ionic writers ; 
and as the Ionic dialect delights in a concurrence of vowel sounds, the verbs 
are therefore free from contractions. — 'Sdpuoc cvv Tioyu, " courage united 
with wisdom." — to bv /xerd, "that ichich is coupled with^ i. e., that kind 
of courage, w 7 hich, &C — SoKeovreg, "appearing." — ovk d?,7]-&cjg <bi?Jovcuv, 
"do not in reality so love," i. e., they prove their own worst enemies. — 
voei, "reflect." — irpdrrE, "act." 

5-7. epurnfi-sioa, 1st aor. part. pass, of kpurdu. — rebv u?Jmv, "of all 
women." Supply yvvainuv. Literally, "of the rest of women," i. e., in 
respect of the rest of women. — on, not to be translated, but equivalent 
merely to the inverted commas in English. — tov dvdpbg, " of my husband." 

8-13. rbv raTiEivbv, &c, "makes the man of humble mind entertain 
lofty notions." Literally, "makes the humble man think greatly," i. e., 
proudly or loftily. — tov Tug bypvg atpovTa, " him that raises his eyebrows," 
i. e., the supercilious man. — r] uvvf/^Eca, &c, "familiarity begets satiety," 
i. e., a thing with which we are familiar eventually tires, and leads to a 
desire of change. — olttovvTEg yr/v, " while inhabiting the land, for example." 
— Kal TclsovTEg 7rd?.Lv, &c, " and again, while sailing on the sea, ice look 
around for the land :" irTieovteg here has no contraction. The verbs 7z?Ju, 
ttveo, peu, Tpico, and ^ew, do not suffer contraction, except into ec. — ol 

203 



NOTES ON PAGES 15 AND 16. 

Page 

I £ T&eoveKTOvvreg, " the grasping." More literally, " they who strive 

to gain more," i. e., by undue means. — to emfjovXeveiv, &c, 
*' having plotting and envy natural unto them.'" The infinitive, with the 
neuter of the article, taken as a verbal noun. The article is to be supplied 
with (p&ovelv. 

16-18. olvov yap evpoig av, &c>, "for couldst thou find anything more 
practical in its effects than wine ?" The particle yap refers to something 
going before, but here omitted. — nXovTovac, " they are rich," i. e., in their 
own imagination. — diairpaTTovoi, " they accomplish things." — vlkuglv 61k- 
ag, " they gain lawsuits." Still referring to the influence of wine upon 
the imagination. 

20-24. fxe&vcjv, " while intoxicated." A falsehood of course. — adcov, 
" by singing." — Tovg rjdn yeyvpanoTag, &c, " those of their parents who 
were now advanced in years" accus. plur. perf. part. act. ofynpaoKid. — avrip- 
ovv, 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. of avacpio). — to TtaXaibv, " anciently." The 
article with the neuter of the adjective taken adverbially. — cjkovv, 3d plur. 
imperf. indie, act. of o'uceo). — to nalaibv Ta(xelov, " the granary from of 
old." More literally, " the ancient granary." 

25-33. 6 firjdev aduc&v, " he that is guilty of no injustice." Literally, 
" he who is unjust in no degree." — delrai, 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of 
deouai, which governs the genitive as being a verb of want. — vavayelv 
(liXkuv, "being about to suffer shipwreck." — yTet, 3d sing, imperf. indie. 
act. of alriu. — dcadrjnag, " his will." Slaves were often emancipated by 
their masters in their wills. — ttjv 'A^iA/lcwc aeirida, &c, "Homer has 
described the shield of Achilles as bearing on it the whole heavens, and also 
persons cultivating the ground, and marrying, and contending at law, and 
carrying on warfare." The accusatives yeupyovvTac, ya/iovvTac, &c, de- 
pend, in common with ovpavbv, on tpipovaav. 

~yQ Line 1-6. 'O Ba/c^oo, &c, "Bacchus is also called Lenceus from 

the treading of the grapes in the wine-vat." — heyerai, "is said." — 

KaTaK?iive(y&ai Ttva, "for any one to recline." The accusative with the 

infinitive. The ancients generally reclined at eating. — el firj Tig tcevTijeeuv, 

II unless he had wounded." Literally, "unless he might have wounded." 
The pronoun Ttg, from its having been employed in the previous clause, 
becomes equivalent here merely to "he :" — KevTrjascev is the 3d sing. 1st 
aor. opt. act. of nevTec), and is the ^olic form for nevT^aai. — ov Tolg ovai, 
&c, " not by adding to his present means, but by lopping away the greater 
part of his present wants," i. e., not by making more money, but by having 
fewer wants. More literally, " not by adding to the things that are (at 
present, unto him), but by cutting around the most things of (i. e., con- 
nected with) his (present) want." — ovol, dat. plur. pres. part, of elfiL — 
jrpoGTi-&elg, pres. part. act. of Trpoori'&niu. 

8-10. pLnoiixoTt (ppovqang, &c, "never think highly of thyself, and yet, 
on the other hand (aXka dtt), do not despise thyself," i. e., do not think 
meanly of thyself. — tppovfjo-ng 2d sing. 1st aor. subj. act. of <ppoveu. — -&av- 
drov [xeXettiv, " a preparation for death." — eKakeoev, " used, to call." 

11-18. txoKK for itoXka, by apostrophe. — icald, "advantages." Liter- 
ally, " fine things," i. e., connected with it. — to. CTrovdata, " worthy things." 
— Kav fir} y, " even though there be not at the time :" kolv for nal av. — %, 
3d sing. pres. subj. of dpi. — avriBpovrdv tu> Act, "to thunder in rivalry 
with Jove" i. e., " to emulate the thunder of Jove." Literally, " to thun- 
der against Jove." — nalbv to ynpdv, &c, " to be old is good, and not to be 
204 



NOTES ON PAGES 16 AND 17. 

Pago 

old is good," i. e., age and youth have each their respective advan- l g 
tages. — el ripiarvKev, " if he has breakfasted," 3d sing. perf. indie, 
act. of apiardoi. The perfect gives more animation to the sentence, and 
brings the scene more before the eyes of the reader. — ettI tjevrjc, " in a 
foreign land." Supply yfjg. Literally, " upon foreign earth." — e'tg q.6ov, 
"unto Hades." Supply duita. Literally, "unto the mansion (or home) 
of Hades." 

19-30. tov rpoTtov tovtgv, " in the following manner." The accusative 
of nearer definition, where some supply Kara. — tcd-frnvTat, "they lurk." 
Literally, "they sit," 3d plur. pres. indie, of tcdtivfiai. — etc ttjv ekeivov 
Xpoiav, " into their colour," i. e., into the colour of the rocks. — donovGLV, 
" appear." — Trpoaviovacv, not contracted. Consult note on line 12, page 15. 
— d<j>v?idKTovc ovrac, "being off their guard." — nepiBaXXovcL, "encircle." 
Literally, " throw around." — "Iitttelov Uoaeiduva, " the equestrian Nep- 
tune." — enl 'lc&[i£), "at the Isthmus of Corinth." More literally, "upon 
the Isthmus." — jitj itote bo-&fjvat, "was never seen," 1st aor. infin. pass, 
of birrofjiai. — kpv&picbv, " blushing" accus. sing. neut. pres. part. act. of 
kpv&pLao), and contracted from epv&ptdov. — ovde tov depa eccjv, " left not 
even the air," 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. of edw. 

31-36. ov k6lo) xpovov, "as long as he lived." More literally, "during 
what time he lived," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of (Stoo). — ovdev rj, " on 
nothing else but." Supply aXKo. — dneixeTo, " abstained from." More 
literally, "kept himself from," 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of drrexo)- — e£e- 
Tv<f>?MO~ev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of kurvtyXoo. — rbv olvov drcoyviovv, 
u that wine lames," pres. infin. act. of dnoyvioG). — (3ioZ yap ovdelc, &c, 
"for no one lives in the way that he prefers." More literally, " for no one 
lives in that way (tovtov tov rpbirov), in which way (ov rpoTrov) he prefers 
to live (j3covv)." — rcpoatpilTai. Literally, " chooses in preference for him- 
self," 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of irpoaipiu. 

Line 2-6. T£)Meyd?M7rpocayopev&EVTi, " surnamed the Great," 2 7 
1st aor. part. pass, of irpoaayopevo. The passive participle has here 
the same case after it as before it. — rrpbg birla upxovvro, "were accus- 
tomed to dance to the clashing of arms." Compare the analogous phrase, 
7rpoe avliovg bpxucr&at, " to dance to the music of flutes." — upxovvro, 3d 
plur. imperf. indie, mid. of bpxsouat. — Tzoieio-d-ac Uvp'p'ov 7jye/j.6va, "to 
make Pyrrhus their leader." Literally, " to make Pyrrhus a leader for 
themselves," pres. infin. mid. of noiso. — naTielv. Supply avrbv. — ttjv 
fiaoilEtav airy, &c, " declined the sovereignty when offered to him." More 
literally, "asked away for himself from the sovereignty," &c, 3d sing. 1st 
aor. indie, mid. of irapatTeo. — tt]v T^LTorvra, " the simple life which he led." 
Observe the force of the article. 

7-10. (j>'i?,ovc utj raxy ktG>, " do not acquire friends hastily." More lit- 
erally, " acquire not friends for thyself hastily," 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. 
of urdouat, and contracted for Krdov. — ov ^aAe7rwc rbv fieyav, &c, "great 
wealth without difficulty, but scanty riches with toil," i. e., the whole diffi- 
culty lay in the commencement. Supply kuTrjodfiyv, to govern the accu- 
sative irlovrov, which last is understood after jieyav and (3paxvv respectively. 
—ovto) TTELpo Qqv, &c, " strive to live in such a way, as if thou wert about 
to live for both a short and a long period," i. e., be ever ready for death, 
whether it come in early or advanced years, and yet enjoy at the same time 
the rational pleasures of existence : Treipfi is the 2d sing. pres. imperat. 
mid. of nupdu, and contracted for nsipdov. 

S 205 



NOTES ON PAGES 17 AND 18. 

Page 

]_7 11-14. r/Seog fiev §xe, &c, " be courteous unto all, hut make use 
only of the best," i. e., avail thyself only of the services of the most 
worthy. Literally, " have thyself pleasantly unto all." After e^e supply 
aeavrov. — XP&, 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of xpdofiai, and contracted from 
Xpdov. — el gv kftedou), " if thou hadst beheld," 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. 
of -d-edofiai. — kyu, nominative to k-d-eaadunv understood. — ore ovk av 
ewavao), "that thou wouldst not have ceased" 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. 
of Tvavu. — urac-d-aL rale evepyealatc, " to acquire for one's self, by acts of 
kindness," pres. infin. mid. of urdouai. 

15-19. fSovXovrai, " wish in fact." — ol /caAwc dyuvtadfievoc, &c, " those 
of the Lacedaemonians that had contended manfully, and fallen, in battle, 
were crowned with garlands." Literally, " were bound with branches." 
The clause nal dirod-avovreg is susceptible of another explanation, " even 
after having fallen," i. e., were crowned even after death, but the idea is the 
same. — dveSovvro, 3d plur. imperf. indie, pass, of avadeu. — fjvrTiEL, "he 
drew water," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of avrteo). — fxed-' rjy.epav 61, " but 
by day." — hv role Xdyoic kyv/u-vd&ro, " exercised himself in philosophic 
disputations," 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of yv/j,vd£o. 

20—24. Iva (xrj vtt' avruv Tip.upy, " in order that thou mayest not be 
harassed by them." — mi hv Tioyotc rjv, " and was in high repute." More 
literally, " and was in the remarks (of men)," i. e., was much spoken of by 
men. — fj rrXavn-d-cJcFtv, "or wander (from the hives)," 3d plur. 1st aor. 
subj. pass, of rcTiavdo), taken here in a middle sense. — KpoTovai uporov two. 
kfifielrj, "produce, by striking, a musical kind of noise," i. e., by striking 
brazen vessels, &c. It is very common in Greek for an intransitive verb 
to be followed by the accusative of a noun that expresses the abstract of 
the verb, or, in other words, by the accusative of a cognate noun. — ov 
anovovaai, "on hearing which." The genitive is governed by duova) as 
one of the verbs denoting the operations of the senses. — vnooTpefovoLv, 
"gradually return." Observe the force of V7r6 in composition. 

24-31. rbv dpxovra, "that a ruler." Literally, "that he who rules." 
— rpi&v, " three things." Supply xpvpdrcov. The genitive is here gov- 
erned by [lEfxvrjo-d-at, as a verb of remembering. — /j.e/j.vTja'&ai,, pexf. infin. 
pass, of fituvrjOKO), taken in a middle sense. — dv&pcoTrcov, " over men" i. e., 
over those who have all the weaknesses and frailties of men. — del, "for 
ever." — 6 texvltov Ttvpucag, &c, " he that has mutilated a hand or an eye 
of an artisan," i. e., he that has mutilated a hand, or put out an eye, &c. 
— rdc OTpeic, " as to his eyes." More literally, " as to his seeings." — irpov- 
Tieye, contracted from npoeXeye. — ruv naldov, " of his slaves." — uefiacrl- 
yiocro av, &c, " thou wouldst have been flogged, if I had not been angry," 
2d sing pluperf. indie, pass, of fiaanyoco, and wanting the initial augment. 
The full form would be huEuaaTtyuao. Observe the potential force com- 
municated by the particle dv. Without av the meaning would be merely, 
"thou hadst been flogged." — hpyi&unv, the imperfect here, with the par- 
ticles el utj, becomes in our idiom a species of pluperfect. 

1 g Line 1-7. rv&naiv, "disposes." — ri, "in what respect 1" — el fxrj 
j3po)-&£Lc 7ri&7jnoc, " except an eaten ape," i. e., except ape's flesh, 
1st aor. part. pass, of ftibpuano. — ri x a ^ £7 r6rarov. Supply hart. — to yty- 
vugkeiv havrbv, " the knowing one's self." More literally, " this thing, 
namely, for a man to know himself." — iroTiXd yap vtto tyilavriac, "for that 
each person, through self-love, ascribes to himself many qualities untruly." 
More literally, " adds many things unto himself groundlessly." — 2oAwv rote 
206 



NOTES ON PAGES 18 AND 19. 

Page 

hv Upvraveic), &c, " Solon directs (the Athenians) to furnish barley 1 g 
bread, unto those who are entertained in the Prytaneum, and on fes- 
tivals to serve up wheat bread in addition." This passage alludes to one 
of the laws of Solon, the Athenian legislator. Hence the force of ke2.evei, 
" directs" or " orders," i. e., in his laws. Those who had deserved well of 
their country were entertained in the Prytaneum, or town-hall, at Athens, 
at the public expense. 

8-13. re&EiKev. " has laid down," 3d sing. perf. indie, act. of Tcd-nfii. — 
napa aeavrov XaSe, "receive it from thine own self" i. e., procure it by 
thine own exertions, 2d sing. 2d -aor. imperat. act. of la/iSdvo. — elc to 
OTo/ia role airo&avovaiv, "into the mouth of the dead." Literally, " into 
the mouth, unto (or for) those who had died :" dat. plur. 2d aor. part. act. 
of a-Ko-frvriGKLd. — padcov, "it is easier." Used for a comparative (p'dov), 
but having, in fact, p.aXkov understood. Supply also earl. — -&elvai, " to pro- 
duce." Literally, "to place," i. e., before the view, 2d aor. infin. act. of 
TL-d-nfii. — £K-&etvac, " to expose." 

14-19. e£ apxvc, "originally." Literally, "from the beginning." — 
evpetv, 2d aor. infin. act. of evpionu. — uXka rove tvttovc, &c, " but only 
altered their forms." — navra, "in all things." Accusative neuter. — kfti- 
fiElro, " strove to imitate" 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of fiifieo. — tov 
■&ivra, "who enacted." 

20-28. rjfirjv, Attic for rjv. — ettolow b\v, &c, " I would do the things 
belonging to the nightingale ," i. e., I would do what the nightingale does. 
Literally, "the things of the nightingale." — to, tov kvkvov, "the thi?igs 
belonging to the swan" Literally, " the things of the swan." — fiov TO 
epyov, " my employment" i. e., the task that suits my character as a rational 
being, and unto whom the faculty of speech has been vouchsafed. — ovk 
aya&bv 'KoXvKQipavin, " a government of many is not good," i. e., a plu- 
rality of rulers. Literally, " a government of many is not a good thing." 
Supply xPW a -> w ^ tn which aya-d-bv agrees. — iro'kvKotpaviri, an Ionic and 
poetic form for iroXvKotpavia. — eTtioai, 3d plur. 2d aor. subj. act. of eireifit, 
" to advance against." — toZc avTiTETay/iivoLc, " those drawn up against 
them," perf. part. pass, of avTiT&acco. — elc adov, " to Hades" Supply 
dcJua, on which adov depends. — ovk lofiev, " we know not," commonly re- 
garded as the 1st plur. pres. indie, act. of lor/fii, and contracted for laa/iev ; 
but, more correctly, la/xev is for the earlier td/xev, which last is contracted 
from the old form oldafiev, 1st plur. perf. indie, mid. of eldu. — ai)Tdv, "the 
man himself." The oblique cases of avToc obtain a strengthened moaning 
when they stand first in a clause or sentence. 

29-33. 'toT-nKEv, "stands." Literally, "has placed himself (i. e., by 
his crimes) and still remains placed," 3d sing. perf. indie, act. of lorn pi. 
Observe the continued force of the perfect, which gives it, in fact, the mean- 
ing of a present tense. — aveoTvoav, "men erected." Supply avd-poiroi, 
3d plur. 1st aor. indie, act. of avioTnfit. — rac 7]/j,spovg rpo^ac, " the domes- 
ticated productions of the earth for sustenance." Literally, " the tamed 
means of subsistence," i. e., tamed by the hand of culture, and brought 
from a wild to a domesticated state. Triptolemus taught men agriculture, 
&c. — edtoKsv, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of didufit. — tgj 6e tt]v akq&eiav, 
&c. The order is, t'lq. 6e vfiuv ISpvoaro ftup-bv r<p Evpovrt ttjv akijd-Etav. 
— oi TrsptEOTUTEc, &.c, " they who stood around kept continually calling 
out," pluperf. part. act. of rrepuoTnut, contracted from Tr£piEOT7]KOTeg. 

Line 1-7. dl fj,e izEpLEGTrjKaTE, "who stand around me." He 1Q 
humorously compares them to so many hungry dogs, standing around 

207 



NOTES ON PAGE 19. 

Page 

JO a person that is eating, and waiting, as it were, to have a bone or a 
piece of meat thrown to them. — rov Kpovov Tieyovai, &c, " they say 
that Saturn brought over the human race, in his time, from a savage mode 
of life to civilized existence." More literally, " the men of his time." — r&v 
fir] naXtiv, " of the things that are evil." Literally, " of the things that 
may not be favourable :" /ur/ is the conditional or hypothetical negative, ov 
the absolute one. — dirTirjv diatrav, " a simple diet." Ambrosia and nectar 
merely. — didov nap'p'nGLav, &c, " give boldness of speech to those who en- 
tertain correct sentiments." The language of prayer. Grant that the vir- 
tuous and good may not be deterred from an open expression of their senti- 
ments : didov is the 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of didoyfxt, contracted from 
didoGo. 

8-15. danrv'krj'&pac lx QV i u having on finger-tips." The ancients had 
no knives and forks in eating, but made use of their fingers. — we / &ep/j,6ra- 
tov, "as hot as possible." — -jrapafiv&iav rale rvxaic, "as a solace in our 
misfortunes." — ^uKparrj, governed by speadai. — dnodovra, " on his having 
returned." Referring to Socrates, to whom the work in question had been 
lent for perusal by Euripides. — ri donel; "what he thinks of it?" — rov de 
<f>dvai, " and that the latter (Socrates) replied" pres. infin. act. of <j>n/j,i. — 
oifiai de nal, &c, " and I suppose that what I did not understand were so 
likewise." For a literal translation, supply as follows : olfiat de rd a fvfj 
cvvTjKa nal yevvala elveu. — ovpfjica, 1st sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of gw- 
irjfii. 

16-24. [xerpioc, "in moderation." — Ir/tyd-elc, 1st aor. part. pass, of Aa/z- 
6dvu. — ttTislcov de, " but when more abundant," i. e., when taken in greater 
quantities. — drrXovc 6 {iv&oc r/jg cLkv-d-eiag ed>v, " the language of truth is 
simple." — £(pv, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of <j>v(d, and equivalent here to 
hart. — ovdev -d-a/idGGTjc diziGTorepov, " nothing is more faithless than the 
sea." — avrbv 7rd?uv dfyaipelrai, " it takes it away again," 3d sing. pres. 
indie, mid. of d<j>aipeo. The middle voice implies, that it takes away for 
itself, i. e., merely to gratify, as it were, its own fickleness and caprice. — 
rdc ipvxdc, "the lives of men." — nai tic, "and many a one." — dvax'&elc, 
" having set sail." More literally, " having weighed anchor," 1st aor. part, 
pass, of uvdyu, in a middle sense. — r/ Gvynaredv rolq xPW aCLV , &<*,., " has 
either gone down along with his riches, or has been saved completely desti- 
tute :" Gvynaredv is the 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of Gvynaradvo). — XPV~ 
fiaoi, governed by ovv in composition. — direcu'&n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, 
pass, of dnoGufa. 

25-28. elhe, " took" 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of alpeu. — diredoro, 
" he sold into slavery," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of d-Kodidufii. — 'Hpa/c- 
lel j] dperrj, &c, " his merit procured Hercules his name." Literally, 
" placed his name upon Hercules." — e'&ero, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of 
ti'&ijju.i. — or i dC "Hpav kMoc eax^v, " because he obtained glory through 
Juno," i. e., through the very persecutions which Juno inflicted upon him, 
but which only redounded to his glory, by affording him so many opportuni- 
ties for performing illustrious enterprises. Hence 'Hpa/cA^c from "~H.pa and 
/c/leoc. The etymology is fanciful but erroneous. — eaxsv, 3d sing. 2d aor. 
indie, act. of ex *- — ° P*l nare^ov, &c, "what thou didst not put down (as 
belonging unto thee) do not take up," 2d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of Kara- 
rl-d-rifu. Observe the force of the middle voice. 

29-34. rjne, " there came" 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of fitta. — rov 
Tpvllov, the article is repeated here in Greek for emphasis' sake, but is 
not translated. — retivdvai, "lies dead" perf. infin. act. of -&vtjgkcj, and 
208 



NOTES ON PAGES 19 AND 20. 

Page 

contracted for TetivvKevat. Observe the continued meaning implied T Q 
by the perfect. — kukecvoc, for nal ekelvoc. — awed-sto, "put off." 
More literally, "put off from himself," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of drco- 
Ti'&rjfXL. — nai ekelvo, " this also." — brt vintiv te-Svtjke, " that he has died 
victorious.'" Literally, "conquering," i. e., having slain his opponent. 
This opponent was no other than the celebrated Epaminondas. — tov Xeovra, 
" the Nemean lion." — rj^LEaaro, " arrayed himself in." More literally, 
"clothed himself all around with," 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of dfi^uv- 
vv/u-i. In some cases, where the simple verb is of rare occurrence, or else 
quite obsolete, the augment, as here, precedes the preposition. — tu x^ a ' 
fiari, " the head with its distended jaws." Literally, " the distended jaws." 
— Kopv&i, "as a helmet." 

Line 2-4. (pvercu, " springs up." Literally, " is produced." — 9Q 
"&e/u.£?iia -d-efXEvu, &c., "who has placed probity and self-control as 
the foundation of his life." More freely, "has made probity and self- 
control the basis of his conduct." 

5-15. kuv -&dvn tic, " even though one die" i. e., its possessor. — ovk 
(nroTJiVTai, "perishes not" 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of di:o7Jkvp.t. — -qq rw 
vdart, &c., " with the water of which wine does not mix." Literally, " does 
not mingle itself," 3d sing. pres. indie, mid. of fiiyvvp.1. — dvvarat, "is able 
to effect." Supply iroulv. — tocovtov ev TroTureiacc, &c, " so much is elo- 
quence powerful to accomplish in the movements of government." Liter- 
ally, "in governments." — ovk uv Svvaco, " thou mightest not" i. e., thou 
couldst not well. A milder form of negation for ov dwrjcei. — p-w Kapuv, 
"without having laboured" i. e., unless thou hast laboured, 2d aor. part, 
act. of Ka.fj.vcj. — AlycvnTcJv iKucTu, " unto each one of the people of JEgina," 
i. e., for each one. — kutttjv 6e eXavveiv Svvuvrai, " but still may be able 
to pull an oar." — piya KaKov, &c., " the not being able to endure evil is a 
great evil." — Ta TeixTrn, " the vale of Tempe." 

16-25. eupaKUfiev, "we have seen" 1st plur. perf. indie, act. of opdo, 
with the reduplication. — -^avdnp alaxp^C vno \vixnc SiErid-naav, "were 
shamefully affected by sorrow at the death" 3d plur. 1st aor. indie, pass, of 
diaTi$n/j,i. — rexdevra, "when born" i. e., as soon as he was born, 1st aor. 
part. pass, of tlkto. — ev Satpvy, "amid laurel" — ela6ev, 3d sing. 2d aor. 
indie, act. of ?M[j,6ava). — ol ecTLuvTsc tov 'ATiefjavdpov, &c., " those of his 
friends who entertained Alexander, the son of Philip, used to gild the 
articles of confectionary which they intended to serve up to him," i. e., 
humouring in this way his pretended claim to a divine origin. Literally, 
" were accustomed to gild that of confectionary which was about to be 
served up." — Tov Kapdvov ydpovq eotiuvtoc, "when Caranus celebrated 
his nuptials." Genitive absolute. — evd-eug, " at the very beginning of 
the entertainment." — duped, " as a present." — Tzapeipevov eveSpoxicrev, 
"caught it having become benumbed." — Trapeifzivov is the perf. part. pass. 
of 7rapin/xi, and heBpSxicrev the 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of kptipoxKu. 

26-33. 2ol fiovu deSorac, &c, " unto thee alone has it been given to 
wear equally well both a cloak and a tattered garment," i. e., both the garb 
of the wealthy and the attire of a beggar. Aristippus knew how to conduct 
himself in every station of life. — e/c t&v -&e€>v, "from the gods." The 
force of the preposition here implies, in fact, " through the bounty of the 
gods ;" vtto or arxo would each have been weaker. — KaXTiiara, " as the 
fairest gifts" to be rendered by itself at the end of the clause. — Talc. 
MovGatc Aeyovci, &c. The order is, My ova rrjv evpeacv ypajijidruv 6o- 

S 2 209 



NOTES ON PAGES 20 AND 21. 

pa ° e 

OQ -&r}vai Tatg Movaatg napd Atog. — rotg iroTotg Qap/idicoig, "with 

medicinal draughts." — at eIkove^ tuv Tpuintbv fieuv. Alluding to 

certain old statues or images of the gods, which iEneas was fabled to have 

brought with him to Italy, and which were carefully preserved in the temple 

of Vesta at Rome. 

21 Line 1-3. Kpelrrov etc KopaKag, &c, "it is better to fall among 
ravens than among flatterers." The meaning is, that ravens will feed 
upon your remains only after death, whereas flatterers (i. e., parasites) will 
make you their prey while still living. There is a play upon the words nopal; 
and noTiat; in the Greek, the pronunciation of the two differing but slightly, 
and being frequently confounded by a species of Labdacismus or TpavXta/uog. 
— EjUTreueiv, 2d aor. infin. act. of Efnriirro). — aTreneipev ijfiuv, " has shorn 
away from us," i. e., has stripped us of: 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of (mo- 
Kelpo). — nal Tll/xov (pdpftanov obdev, " and there is no remedy against famine." 
5-7. k(M'Ke'KTG)K.a[iEv, 1st plur. perf. indie, act. of hfimizTO. — ri puXkov 
?}, &c, "in what respect more than they among us?" 'ekeZvol is the nomi- 
native to EfiKETznoKacu understood. The full sentence would be ri fiaXlov 

7//LCELC EtC EKEtVOVC EflTrETZTLJKaftEV, fj EKEtVOL EtC Wfltig EfiTTETTTUKaCn ; 0)V 

TTapEtlijipafiev, " of whom we have heard." Literally, " of whom we have 
received an account." Supply \byov after r KapEtkrj^a\iEv, which is the 
1st plur. perf. indie, act. of irapaTiafiddvu. The genitive uv is not by at- 
traction for ac, but is governed by "kbyov understood. 

8-12. avrbc nXsiovac, &c, " that he took more cities than he passed days 
in Spain." More literally, " that he took cities more in number than (the 
days) which he passed in Spain." Complete the sentence as follows, 
irTiEtovac tCov 7/fj.epoJv, iov diriyaysv TjfiEpuv. The genitive d>v ijfiEpuv is by 
attraction for ag rj/xEpag. — T S2 dalfiov, &c, " ah destiny, that hast obtained 
me by lot, how evil art thou, and how dost thou afflict me, ever binding me 
firmly unto poverty." This is in accordance with the popular belief among 
the Greeks, that every individual was assigned as it were by lot to some 
good or evil destiny, which regulated all his existence. — stlnxag, 2d sing, 
perf. indie, mid. of layxdvo. — nal "kvKEtg. Supply wc before "KvnEtg. — 
Gvvdsov. Supply e[jle. 

13-22. eig tovto rivEg, &c, "some having proceeded to this degree of 
folly, that they have considered," &c. The genitive dvoiag is governed by 
tovto. Compare the Latin eo stultifies. — virstXqQacrt, 3d plur. perf. indie, 
act. of VTrola/LtBdvo, for VTroXehrjtyaoi. — hdv fivn/Ltovsvng, " if thou remem- 
ber est." — 7rap£lr)lv&6Ta, perf. part. act. of TtapEpxofiat. — svpuv, " having 
found," 2d aor. part. act. of Evpianu. — E^tipsv, " had thrown away," 3d 
sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of p77rrw. — dvf/l&Ev kg, " went on board of." Lit- 
erally, " went up into." — tcv&o/j.evov 6e Ttvog, " and a person having asked." 
Genitive absolute : 2d aor. part. mid. of Trvv&dvo/j.at. — £<pn, OTrovddfeiv, 
" he said he was in a hurry." Pronoun understood before the infinitive in 
the nominative case. — hiiEdpaptE, " overran," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of 
ETrtTpixo). — TiETjXaTOvvTsg, " ravaging." Agreeing, in effect, with orpa- 
TtcJTai, which is to be inferred from arpaTtd, though not actually understood. 
— diEBnaav, " crossed over" 3d plur. 2d aor. indie, act. of diaBatvio. 

23-27. fiaKaptd)TaTOv. Supply eotL — evTvxovvra a.Tro-&avEtv, "for one 
to die fortunate ," 2d aor. infin. act. of dTrod-vijaKo). — sK?iJi-&n dirb Tfjg "EA- 
Ting, &c, " was so called from HelWs having died in it," i. e., having fallen 
into it and having lost her life amid its waters. Literally, " from Helle 
having died in it." The etymology here alluded to is "E/Mjj|c ivovrog, " the 
210 ... 



NOTES ON PAGES 21 AND 22. 

Pago 

sea of Helle :" ■&avovonc is the 2d aor. part. act. of -&vtjctku. — Q1 
tovq kv 2a^cj TE&vf]KOTac, &c, " eulogizing (in a funeral oration), 
on the public tribunal, those who had fallen in Santos," i. e., from the public 
tribunal : -etivnuoTac is the pluperf. part. act. of -d-vijoKco. — yeyovivai, 
" that they had become,'''' perf. infin. mid. of yiyvofiat. 

28-34. tv%uv, " having attained to," 2d aor. part. act. of rvyx&vo, and 
governing the genitive. — dtaTiXayelc, " having become reconciled with," 2d 
aor. part. pass, of SiaTJAcsGo. — to k6.7J.oc fj xpovoc avtyuoev, &c, " either 
time consumes, or disease impairs, beauty." The aorists here denote 
what is habitual, or accustomed to take place, and are therefore rendered 
in English by the present. — avrjTiucev, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of ava- 
7.1GK0). — kuupave, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of fiapaivo. — cvyyrjpaaKEi, 
"grows old with us," i. e., accompanies us even in old age. — erratiev, 3d 
sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of tt6o~xu. — diort Ka-&' vTcep6o7Jr]v, &c, " because 
he was friendly, to excess, towards the human race," i. e., carried his at- 
tachment to man so far as to violate his duty to Jove. — cvjiuaxov revt-et 
■&E0V, "thou wilt obtain the deity as an ally," i. e., thou wilt find an ally 
in the deity : 2d sing. 1st fut. mid. of rvyxdvo, with the Attic termination 
for revi-7}. 

Line 1-4. p"aov olaei t&v aTJuv, " will bear more easily than the QQ 
rest," i. e., than the unwise, 3d sing. 1st fut. indie, act. of ipipcj. — 
(ygZov, comparative of p&dioc, in the neuter gender and taken adverbially. — 
/xeyiarov [lev, Kal -dsov, &c, " exemption from error is a most exalted 
quality, and belongs to deity alone ; while to return to one's self as quickly 
as possible, after a fault, is the property of noble spirits." For a literal 
translation we must supply as follows : to avauapTnrov egtI [isyioTov usv 
ipyov, Kal £pyov ■d-sov /xovov. In like manner supply epyov after yevvaiuv. 
— aveveyKELV, 2d aor. infin. act. of ava<pepu. — r/piae, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, 
act. of epl^u. 

5—9. KaTedpauov, " overran," 3d plur. 2d aor. indie, act. of Kararpix^ 
— Osauocpopiuv ovruv, " the festival of Ceres being celebrated at the time." 
Genitive absolute. — cwnd-pocafievcov, " having been collected together," 
perf. part. pass, of cvva&poi&. Women alone were present at this festival. 
— ev ru lepti, "in the temple of the goddess." — (3paxv, " a short distance." 
Supply dcaaryfia. — dirjTi^EV elc rrjv Milnoiav, " crossed over into the Mile- 
sian territory." With MiTinaiav supply yfjv. Th« territory around Mi- 
letus is meant. — Kal sZaruvaf.oc ETudpafiov, " and having suddenly rushed 
upon," 2d aor. part.' neut. (agreeing with fispoc) of hnirpix^. — tikt, 3d sing. 
2d aor. indie, act. of alpso). 

10-14. Oldinodoc to avrrje, &c., " after (Edipus had solved her riddle." 
— av£i7,Ev, "put an end to her own existence." Supply kavTrjv, 3d sing. 
2d aor. indie, act. of avaipsco. — 'ASutjtov jie7J,ovtoc {ravslv, "when Ad,me- 
tus was about to die." — e!7eto, "chose." Literally, "chose for herself," 
or " took unto herself," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of alpso. — vrrep avrov, 
"in his stead." — Kal Snore 'UpaKXfjc atpsloLTO, "and that, as often as 
Hercules took off." It is a peculiar use of the optative, when it stands in 
the first part of a clause or sentence, instead of a past tense of the indicative, 
to signify the repetition of an action : aQiloiro is the 3d sing. 2d aor. opt. 
mid. of atyatpEcj. 

15-25. KaTESpud-n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of KaTa6i6p6aKo. — 
^nyslc, "although struck." Literally, "having been struck," 2d aor. 
part. pass, of tv7,t}<j<jg). — erpud-n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of TiTptJCKo. 

211 



NOTES ON PAGES 22 AND 23. 

Page 

22 — od-ev drpoToc, &c, u whence he is said to have been invulner able." 
— Kadsiptje, "imprisoned" 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of Ka-freipyu. 

— Trripvyac irpoa^eTag, "artificial wings." Literally, " added wings." — 
e^etttv, "flew forth from prison,'''' 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of kgiirTri/u. 
— teXevto. kv t£) nsXayei) " ends his life in the sea," i. e., by falling into 
it. Supply tov j3iov after reXevrd. — ekX^jj, " it was called," 3d sing. 
1st aor. indie, pass, of KaJiEo. — on 6 Txarrip avrbv, &c., "that his father 
is going to sacrifice him." — ava6dc, " having mounted," 2d aor. part. act. of 
avaSacvo). — cKpinEro, " came," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of cupiKVEOficu. 

26-30. fj.7j6£TTOT£ /lltjSev alaxpov, &c, " never, after having done anything 
disgraceful, expect that thou wilt escape observation ; for even though thou 
mayest have been unobserved by others, thou wilt be conscious of it to thy- 
self at least," i. e., conscious of thine own conduct. The negatives in the 
Greek strengthen the negation ; but the English idiom requires utj6ev to be 
translated as ft. — Xtjgeiv, 1st fut. infin. act. of Xav&dvu. — rove aTJ^ovc, 
literally, "as regards the rest." — dv etl /xiav, e$ij, &c, "exclaimed, 'if 
we shall have conquered the Romans in one battle more, we are undone.'' " 
Literally, " as to one battle more." — vikt/gouev, 1st plur. 1st aor. subj. act. 
of vucdo. — dirolulafiEv, 1st plur. perf. indie, mid. of dKoX/iv/xi, with the 
reduplication. 

31-32. ektteguv, " on having been driven out from." Literally, " on 
having fallen out from." Several active verbs, and among them irinro) 
and its compounds, take, when rendered into our idiom, the force of passives. 
— ai:u)7i6p.E-d-a dv, 6cc, " we would have been ruined if we had not been 
ruined," i. e., we would never have obtained our present wealth, if we had 
not been previously driven into exile. Observe the potential force which 
av imparts to the indicative dir( J yk6jiE$a. — uTro?iG)?i£ifisv, 1st plur. pluperf. 
indie, mid. of airoXXv/ii, with the reduplication. 

33-36. r)^i6-&7j tolc ■Qeoic ouikeiv, " has been thought worthy of associa- 
ting with the gods." — irVip ogol, "except as many as." Complete the 
clause as follows, tvTitjv toguv oGoi.—jHETEGxvKaGi ndllove, " have had some 
share of beauty," 3d plur. perf. indie, act. of uetexo)- — tovtov x^P lv i " on 
account of this." x^P LV i s nere taken absolutely in the accusative as a 
kind of adverb. — (xetegx^, "partook of," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of 
fjLETEx^- — ypiiacE, " forcibly carried off." — Koivuvovvra, "as a participator 
in the deed," i. e., as an assistant : pres. part. act. of koivwveu, used sub- 
stantively. 

23 Line 1-3. nal fisyiGTTjv, &c., " and entertained the strongest grat- 
itude towards him for this co-operation." More freely, " thanked 

him very greatly," &c. — kXeigtov [ispae /ietegxv^^ ndXXovc, "had the 
largest share of beauty (of any of her sex)." More literally, " partook of 
beauty in the greatest degree." The genitive ndTikovg is governed? by ]j.e- 
tegxvke, and fiipoc is in fact the accusative of nearer definition. 

5-13. tt]v iTvpbc rpotyrjv, " aliment for the flame." — dicKOTa, "lord and 
master /" — ti/j.ugi, "pay religious honour to." — ol avrdv -&eoi, referring to 
the animals which they worshipped. — T&tyoi tS-euv, alluding to the tombs in 
which the embalmed bodies of the sacred animals were deposited. — tolc; 
fiEV did tov rfkiov rropEvofiEvoic, " those who go through the sun" i. e., " in 
the sunlight :" pres. part. mid. of Tropsvu. — tear' dvdyKrjv, " of necessity ." 
— tolc did Trjc doSyc (3adi£ovGiv, " those who move along in the midst of 
renown" i. e., in the enjoyment of a high reputation. — to eg&ieiv nolld, 
&c, "the eating much injures the reasoning powers" Literally, "takes 
212 



NOTES ON PAGES 23 AND 24. 

Pa?e 

away." — rag ipvxdg, "the movements of the soul." — EfnrifMTTinaiv, 93 
"Jills it," i. e., the soul. Verbs of filling, &c, govern the genitive. 
— dwaarevuv, governing the genitive, as being equivalent to Svvdorng uv. 
— "EXXnv, accus. sing, of "FAXn. 

16-18. Zvvekvko, Ttjv 'Flldda, " agitated Greece to its very centre," 
3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of t-vynvudcj. Observe the force of avv in com- 
position. Cicero translates Zvynvndu by the Latin verb permisceo. (Orat. 
29.) — e^6p-&ov rrjv ttoIlv nai avtarn, "raised up the state, and placed it 
erect," i. e., placed it on a firm basis. — dvTerdrrero, "arrayed himself 
against," 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of dvrirdrro. — rCi loifxib, referring 
to the pestilence that prevailed in Athens during a part of the Peloponne- 
sian war. Pericles eventually died of it. 

19-25. direcTsile, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of airoer e2.?io. — debv 
avrbv ijjnQitjao&ai, " to decree him a god" i. e., to proclaim him a god by 
public decree : 1st aor. infin. mid. oitpn^o). — dvaWaovrac, " to devour," 
1st fut. part. act. of dvaMGKO). — ov tear wn'kay etc, "not alarmed thereat." 
More literally, " not stricken (with terror) thereat," where (pbftu may be 
supplied : 2d aor. part. pass, of KarairTirjoou. — aTre-rrvctje, 3d sing. 1st aor. 
indie, act. of diroiTviytj. — wept Kvidov, " near Cnidus." — elarlaae, 3d sing. 
1st aor. indie, act. of iendu. 

26-33. rjtydvLGev rj Karedvaev, "caused to disappear, or overwhelmed:" 
yfydviaev is the 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of d<pavi£o. — baa, "as." Lit- 
erally, " as many as." — KaS/nu fiaaikuav nareaKEvaoe, " arranged his king- 
dom for Cadmus." — ev ry KaS/j.E/.a, "in the Cadmea." The Cadmea was 
the citadel of Thebes, fabled to have been built by Cadmus. — ettXevge, 3d 
sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 7tXeg). The allusion is to the sailing of the 
Persian fleet through the canal at Athos. — h-KopEvoE 6e, " and marched." 
More literally, " caused (his army) to go," where arpdrEVfxa is in fact 
understood. The allusion is to the passage over the Hellespont, by means 
of the bridge. — &vt;ag, " having thrown a bridge over." More literally, 
" having joined (by a bridge)." 

34. fjv E-d-ETiTjoo, " if I shall feel inclined," 1st aor. subj. act. of e'&eXu). 

Line. 1-4. /catf^crw, " I will let down" 1st sing. 1st fut. indie, act. QA 
of Kad-irjfii. — fjv diTOKp£fmo-&£VT£c, " if, having hung yourselves 
therefrom, ye shall strive to force me downward." Literally, " ye shall strive 
to force me:" aTroKpE/Lcaad-EVTEg is the 1st aor. part. pass, of divoKpE/udo}, 
and is here used in a middle sense. — avvaprrjcag fiETEupicJ, " having bound 
together, I will raise aloft :" /zerewpjw is the contracted future for fierEupcGO), 
from [ZETsupi^u. 

6-12. Ts&vf/t-sTat, "will remain for ever in death." More literally, 
"will die, and remain dead," 3d sing. 3d fut.*pass. of ■Svtjok.o. Observe 
the continued meaning implied by this tense. — avaix-daa, "having flown 
upward" 2d aor. part. act. of dvcTrrnfu. — oixvcsTat, " will depart" i. e., 
will go its way. — ug avpcov a,7TO-&avov/j.evoi., "as if destined to die on the 
morrow," and therefore resolved to make the most of the little time yet 
allowed to them : 2d fut. part. mid. of aTrod-vrjuKO. — ug ndvra rbv xpbvov 
fttucrofiEvoc, "as if destined to live for ever ," and therefore erecting splen- 
did mansions. — ekksi/xsvvv, " lying exposed." — vttegxeto ougelv avrTjv, 
"promised that he will save her," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, mid. of vttkjxveo- 
fiat. — Irj-ipErat, 3d sing. 1st fut. indie, mid. of la/xdavu. 

13-14. rot 'AluEog nacde, "the two sons of Aloeus." Alluding to the 

213 



NOTES ON PAGE 24. 

Page 

24 giants Otus and Ephialtes. — dinag krtadrrjv, " suffered a just pun- 
ishment." More literally, "paid just atonement." — y tcTiiftaica tnl 
rbv ovpavbv, &c, "because they had constructed a ladder (of mountains) 
unto the sky." With ?), for a literal translation, supply the ellipsis as fol- 
lows : rfj atria, r), " for this offence, by which they had constructed," &c. 
Observe the force of the middle voice in hixotrjadad-nv, which indicates that 
they had done the deed, in question, for themselves, i. e., through their own 
reckless presumption. 

14-18. rjoav, the more common usage makes the verb in the singular 
when connected with the neuter plural ; but as neuter plurals that refer to 
animate beings take plural verbs, and as statues of deities are here referred 
to, the Greek may tacitly convey the idea of a living spirit, as it were, per- 
vading the very marble. — rd fjtev . ... ret be, " some" . . . " others." — oY 
eKwX?j^tv, " through a feeling of awe." — 6ta rb ndHog, " on account of 
their beauty." — eirvvi-d-n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of enatveu. — ftnde- 
rcore ettI /unbevbg elnng, &c, "never say, in the case of anything, I 
have lost it, but, I have parted with it." Literally, " I have given it away." 
Compare, as regards the double negative, the note on line 1, page 10 ; and 
as regards brt, in this construction, the note on line 30, page 9. — rb irat- 
diov dire&avev ; &c, " has thy child died ? (say) it has been parted with. 
Has thy land been taken away 1 well then, this also has been parted with" 
-—a(j>npe&7j, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of d(j>atpeo). 

.19-20. rpa(j)£tg, 2d aor. part. pass, of rptyo. — awn-yog kdtbdx&n, "was 
taught to be a hunter." Literally, " was taught as a hunter." — -KareBpud-Tj, 
3d sing. 1 st aor. indie, pass, of narafitfipuaKo. — kv r^ Ki-Q-aipfivt, " on Mount 
Citharon." 

22-28. ov dedupnrai, "has not given," 3d sing. perf. indie, pass, of 
dopicj, and taken in a middle sense. — deddvetue, 3d sing. perf. indie, act. 
of daveiu. — dtetXr/^eaav a^r^v, " divided it off:" 3d plur. pluperf. indie, 
act. of StalaftSdvco, for dtetAytyeioav, and translated as a kind of imperfect. 
— nai rbv opocpov, &c, " and it ivas completely gilded as to its roof, and 
was elaborately adorned ivith cosily and varied ornaments." — knireTcovriro, 
3d sing, pluperf. indie, pass, of kKTcovsto, rendered again as an imperfect. — 
Kat Tcptirot, " and first in order." — etarijKeaav, " stood," 3d plur. pluperf. 
indie, act. of ''irn/xt, for EtarrJKetaav. Literally, "had placed themselves 
and remained placed." — rjod-rjusvot, perf. part. pass, of katieo). — e7r' avrolg 
6e, "and after these." — (pAoytva evbedvKoreg, &c, "arrayed in flame- 
coloured and scarlet vestments." With (ploytva and vaytvoBafyf] supply ka- 
&?]{iara. — kvdebvKoreg, perf. part. act. of kvbvu. 

29-33. yvti&t, 2d aor. imperat. act. of yivuaKo. — /u,7] tcoAAu AaAet. The 
particle ftr) in negative prayers and commands, when joined with the pres- 
ent, takes only the imperative ; when joined with the aorist, only the sub- 
junctive. With the present it refers to an action going on and more or less 
permanent ; with the aorist to a momentary action. — vov, governed by 
rrpo in composition. — jxe/ivnoo, 2d sing. perf. imperat. pass, of /Lttjuvricncu, 
and taken in a middle sense. It governs the genitive. 

34-36. rbv irAno'tov, " your neighbour." — dpx e oeavrov, "control thy- 
self." Equivalent to dpx^v Sao aeavrov. — drrexov, " refrain from." Lit- 
erally, " keep thyself from." The genitive naniag is governed by drco in 
composition. — XP° V0V ^>^ibov, " be sparing of time." — opa rb fieAAov, " look 
out for the future." — #p«, 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of xpdoftat, contracted 
from xpuov. — Aa6tov dirodog, " on having received a present make a return." 
214 



NOTES ON PAGES 24 AND 25. 

Page 

— &npu, 2d sing. pres. imperat. mid. of dr/pdo. — Kavxti, 2d sing. 24 
pres. imperat. mid. of Kavxdu. 

Line 2-3. dXK del t&v dya&tiv exov, "but always adhere to the 25 
good." Literally, " but always hold thyself unto the good :" 2d sing, 
pres. imperat. mid. of e^w, and governing the genitive, as indicating the 
adhering or clinging to some part of an object. — Seidi-&i, 2d sing. perf. 
imperat. of Seidu, as from a form in jjli. — hniopKov /U7j eir6/j,vv&i, " swear not 
falsely." The adjective kiriopKov, in the neuter, is here taken adverbially. 

4-8. Mtvuc. An extract from one of the dialogues of Lucian (Dial. 
Mort. 30), in which Minos, one of the judges of the lower world, pronoun- 
ces sentence upon certain souls. — S /j,ev Xvottjc, &c, " let this robber be 
cast into Pyriphlegethon and remain there." Or, more freely, " there to 
remain," perf. imperat. pass, of sfj,6dl?uo. Observe the continued meaning 
indicated by the perfect. — to rjivap, " as to his liver." Accusative of nearer 
definition, where some supply Kara. — dv&' uv, " because." Equivalent, 
in fact, to dvrl tovtov, otl, "for this, that." 

10-13. tovc [lev uXXovg av&pu7rove, &c, " that the rest of men lived in 
order that they might eat :" £?> is the imperfect infinitive, and hence, as a 
past tense, requires the following verb to be in the optative. The same 
remark applies to k<r&i£tv and £6n, which last is the 3d sing. pres. opt. of 
£du, Attic form for fw. — S avrbc 7/tjicv, &c, " the same philosopher recom- 
mended, that the young," &c. More literally, " the same thought it proper 
that the young," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of d^coo). In construing, veovg 
becomes the accusative before KaT07CTpi£ecr&cu. — u^lol yiyvoivro, " they 
might prove worthy of it," i. e., might show forth in their lives a moral 
beauty in unison with, and worthy of, their external beauty. — naideia, " by 
a good education," i. e., by the treasures of wisdom. 

14-22. ttuc uv jit) yiyvoiro ddinn/Lia, " how there might not be any of- 
fence," i. e., how there might be no offences committed. — el Sfioioc dyav- 
aKTotev, &c, "if those who were not injured would, be equally indignant 
with those who were injured." — d-eupoirj, Attic form of the optative, for 
■&eopoi. — el, e<j>n, Spun, &c., "replied, '■if he could see what they do who 
are intoxicated.'' " Literally, " if he could see those who are intoxicated, 
what things they do." This is a common Greek construction, where, in 
place of the regular nominative, we have what ought to have been the 
nominative converted into an accusative and governed by the preceding 
verb, while in its place a nominative is understood. The plain Greek, 
in the present instance, would be el opun ola ttolovglv oi jie^vovTec. — 
Trafip'rjoiac dtKaiac, " just freedom of speech." The plural implies, "on 
all occasions." — rove Se apxofievovc, &c, " and should, by every means in 
his power, not neglect his subjects when injured,'" i. e., not overlook injuries 
done to them. — tovc dpxofxevovg, literally, " those who are ruled over." 

25-31. dtrjveyKev, " differed from other men." Supply dXkuv. More 
freely, " surpassed other men," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of dia^epo). — 
Snore /xev avrbv opuev, &c, " whenever they who were then ruling directed 
their view towards the man himself" Observe the peculiar force of the 
optative, as standing here in place of a past tense of the indicative, and 
consult the note on line 13. page 22. — Snore 6e etc tovc rpoirovc dno67ie- 
TpaLev, " as often as they looked (away from the man himself) to his moral 
character," i. e., looked from the external to the internal man. Observe 
the force of and in composition. — dare koI el tic dTCkog, &c, " that if even 
any one else should dare to commit an offence against them, they were con- 

215 



NOTES ON PAGES 25 AND 26. 

Page 

25 fident that Evagoras will prove a helper." — Tolfi6n for toXjug), op- 
tative of rotydo. — ovc. oi>6 elc av, &c, " as no one would have dared 
to utter,'''' &c. 

33-35. o HuKpariKoc, " *7te Socratic," i. e., the pupil and follower of 
Socrates. This epithet serves to distinguish him from Euclid, the mathe- 
matician of Alexandria. — duovoat; rov dde?i<j)ov leyovroc, " having heard 
his brother say." The participle here takes the place of the infinitive, and 
denotes more of continued action. — anoloi/inv, el fir] ae, &c, " may I 
perish, if I do not take vengeance upon thee :" dnoTioifinv is the 1st sing. 
2d aor. opt. mid. of cmo'k'kvfii, and, standing without any accompanying par- 
ticle, indicates a wish. Both airoTioi/inv and rifiupnaaifxnv indicate, as 
aorists, quickness of action ; and the more literal meaning of the clause, 
therefore, may be given as follows : " may I soon have perished, in case I 
may not have soon taken vengeance on thee." — eyd oe, elrrev, &c, " and 
may I perish, replied EucUdes, if I do not prevail upon thee to love me." 
With eyu supply aTroloi/unv, and, for a literal translation, render as in the 
previous clause. — ri^dq , used here for bjie. The plural, by its air of gener- 
ality, imparts more of moderation and forbearance to the remark of the 
speaker, than the singular would have done. 

35-36. ri av ere aya&bv, &c, " what would there be any longer of value 
for us ?" — n \aimpbv epydaacr&ai, " to perform any splendid achievement." 

OQ Line 2-6. dvaKavaetac av, " thou mayest kindle up," i. e., if thou 
wilt. The optative here implies possibility, depending upon the 
will of the party : 2d sing. 1st aor. opt. act. of avaKaiu, ^Eolic form for 
uvanavoaLC.. — drroaSiaeiac, 2d sing. 1st aor. opt. act. of drroadevvvfii, ^Eolic 
form for dirooSeoaic.. — jiaXicra av evSo/afioing, " thou wilt be most highly 
thought of." A softened expression for the regular future, evdoKifirjaeic. — 
a roi^ aXkoic av, &c, "which thou wouldst censure others if doing " i. e., 
for the performance of which thou wouldst censure others. — rxparrovaiv, 
dat. plur. pres. part. act. of npaTTG). — el arcavTec fU(j.7]cai[j.E&a, " if we should 
all imitate." — evdvg av airoTiolfted-a, "we would soon perish" i. e., be 
ruined. 

9-13. Weyei diatyepeiv, "says that he differs." Pronoun understood 
before the infinitive in the nominative case. Compare note on line 24, page 
14. — lv' ea&iucnv, "in order that they may eat." We have now the sub- 

i'unctive after a present tense (&viv) ; whereas, on a former occasion, we 
tad the optative after a past tense. Compare note on line 10, page 25. — 
erwcoofirjc, the subjunctive again after a present tense (tiewpei). — kav d/adp- 
rn, "if he committed an offence," i. e., while under the influence of liquor, 
3d sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of djuaprdvu. 

14-16. rbv olvov i}v rrivn, &c, " if one drink wine moderately, it benefits 
the body, and does not injure the mind." The plainer Greek would have 
been, 6 oivoe, fjv mvn tic avrbv fierpicjc, uvnee rb cr&fia, &c. — uvnae, 3d 
sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of 6vn/ic. Observe in ovnere and eBXaipev the 
peculiar force of the aorist, indicating what is customary, or wont to happen, 
and giving the tense, therefore, in our own idiom, the meaning of a present. 
— 7rpoc vrrep6o?irjv, "to excess." — nat ydrj fie&vaKnTai, "and be now in' 
toxicated." — alcxpd Trdcrxec, "he acts disgracefully." Literally, "he suf- 
fers disgraceful things." Both persons and things are said in Greek, "to 
suffer" (rrdcFxeiv), whatever of any kind happens to them, or in whatever 
way they may be influenced or affected. 

17-23. yrrjoaro, "asked." Literally, "asked for himself," i. e., to 
216 



NOTES ON PAGES 26 AND 27. 

Pa * e 
gratify his feelings of friendship towards Admetus. — brav "AdfinToc. QQ 

lieTCky teXevt&v, " whenever Admelus may be about to die" Equiv- 
alent to the Latin moriturus sit. — tov tiavdrov, "from the death that is 
impending." Observe the force of the article. The genitive is here gov- 
erned by drro in composition. — kXr/rat, 3d sing. 2d aor. subj. mid. of alpeu. 
— Uofiivniov nal Kalaapoc diaeravTwv, " when Pompey and Ccesar were 
at variance,'''' i, e., were in arms against each other. — bv (pvyo, " whom I 
am to avoid," i. e., which one of the two : 1st sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of 
Qevyo. — fiij yiyvdxjicov npoc bv pvyo, " without knowing (at the same time) 
unto whom I am to flee." Cicero meant, by his witticism, that the one 
(Caesar) was too bad, and the other (Pompey) not good enough, to follow. 
— nav fir) 6td)KG)VTai, "even though they be not pursued." — k&v fir) /ca/cwj- 
TrpaTTwGL, " even though they be not unfortunate :" ica/ccoc tvpdrruv is " to 
be unfortunate" or "unsuccessful;" but ica/cuc ttolecv, "to do an injury," 
" to act badly," &c. 

25-28. fierd rivoc {leXudiac, " in connexion with a kind of melody ," 
i. e., with a species of musical cadence or rhythm. — Iva ipvxayayuvrai, 
"in order that their souls may be influenced." — nal evKoXurepov avrovc, 
&c, "and that they may receive them the more easily into their remem- 
brance" i. e., in order that the accompanying cadence may aid the memory : 
7rapaXafj,6dvo)atv refers to the boys, and airovg to the laws. The dative 
rrj fivf)firj denotes more continuance than etc rr)v fivrffinv would have done. 
— Iva /it) TrTinyC). Supply kol& tovto : 7rXrjyd> is the 1st sing 2d aor. subj. 
pass, of irXr)aau. 

29-34. #op2f, " independently of" This line, and the four that follow, 
are Iambic trimeters from Menander. To make the first complete, insert 
fj/bielc. 6e before x^ph- — avrol nap' avrfiv, &c, " we, of our own selves, add 
others." Literally, " from our own selves." avruv is for bavrdv, and this 
for r)fiuv avrcov. The reflexive pronoun eavrov is often put for the reflex- 
ive pronouns of the first and second persons. (Matthiae, G. G., § 489.) — 
fjv irrdpn tic, " if one sneeze," 3d sing. 2d aor. subj. act. of nraipcj. 
Sneezing, according to circumstances, was regarded as either a favourable 
or an unfavourable omen. Hence the custom of calling out, when a person 
sneezed, Zev acoaov, "Jove preserve thee." — rjv ecTrn /ca/cwf, "if one utter a 
word of evil omen." Literally, " if one speak badly," i. e., in an ill-omened 
manner. — ediSdx&n, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, pass, of diddcrno). 

Line 2-3. nXvyeic, "having been struck," 2d aor. part. pass, of 9 J 
ttTltiogo). — uTCE&avev, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of dTcotivfjOKG). — 
tKin'kriZavTa yap avrbv, &c, "for Hercules, having become incensed, slew 
him on his having chided and struck him a blow," i. e., Linus having chided 
the performance of Hercules, and struck the hero a blow, was killed by the 
latter in return. The verb hTunTirjo-au has here the double meaning of 
chiding and striking. For Hercules, as appears from Apollodorus, from 
whom the present passage is taken, was acquitted by Rhadamanthus, 
because he had received the first blow from Linus. (Consult Apollod., 2, 
4, 9, and Heyne, ad loc.) 

A-lO.Trapeyyvdv, "to enjoin upon." — deobc, "by the gods." — tyvrbv 
rjfitpov, " any domesticated production of the earth," i. e., any production 
of earth that had experienced the benefits of human culture. — yXurrng upar- 
elv, " to exercise control over the tongue :" Kparetv governs the genitive 
here, as being equivalent, in effect, to /cparoc ex eLV - — f*V tcaitoXoyeiv rolg 
nXnalov, " not to speak evil against one's neighbours" Literally, " for 

T 217 



NOTES ON PAGES 27 AND 28. 

g "7 one's neighbours," i. e., to their injury. — arvxovvri /x?j kiuys'kqiv, 
" not to laugh at an unfortunate person." 

11-16. rbv 'A.y?jvopoc. Supply vlbv. — airoaTaXfjvat, 2d aor. infin. pass. 
of anooTeXko. — ivpbc CfjTvaiv, "in quest of." Literally, "for a searching 
after." — svToldc Xa66vra, "having received a strict command." Observe 
the force of the plural evTo2.dc. — [i?/ dwd/uevov 6s avsvpslv, &c, " that not 
being able, however, to find her, he gave up the idea of a return to his home." 
More literally, "he thought away from a return," &c, the primitive mean- 
ing oiyivucKco being " to think." — avevpelv, 2d aor. infin. act. of avsvpcaKo. 
— Kara, "in obedience to." — hravtia 6s KaroiKr/aavra, &c, "that, after 
having settled there, he married," &c. yrjfiai is the 1st aor. infin. act. of 
yauso, for the more enlarged form ydfiTjaac. 

19-23. sic tovc upaTijpac, " into the crater." The Greek writers, in 
speaking of the crater of ^Etna, often use the plural for the singular, to 
amplify, as it were, the sense. — svalaodai,, 1st aor. infin. mid. of kvaXkofiai. 
— on ysybvot -&eoc, "that he has become a god," 3d sing. perf. opt. mid. 
oiyivofiai. — vorspov 6s yvoc&rjvai, " but that he was afterward found out." 
— avap'p' Lesion c, " having been cast up," 1st aor. part. pass, of avap'p'iTCTu. 
— XaTinac yap, &c, "for he was accustomed to wear brazen ones," 3d sing, 
pluperf. indie, pass, of sd-l^u, and translated as an imperfect. With x a ^~ 
Kdc supply Kpr)7n6ac. — VTro6sio"&ai, pres. infin. mid. of v7ro6ia). Literally, 
" to bind under (his feet)." 

24-27. rb 6s, ottuc rd napovra, &c, " but to advise, how present things 
may become better, this is the work of a sagacious adviser." More literally, 
" but the advising," &c. The article with the infinitive (to av/j.6ov2,svo-ai) 
is here, as in the previous clause, equivalent to a verbal noun. In the pres- 
ent instance, however, this noun is in the nominative absolute, which serves 
to impart more force to the clause. — -&sbv /usv vofjaac, " to form any con- 
ception of deity." — typdaai, "to speak of him" i. e., to imbody our con- 
ceptions, whatever they may be, in words. The infinitives vorjaai and 
<ppdaat are used as verbal nouns here, although no article is expressed with 
them. — rb yap dad)fiaTov, &c, "for it is impossible to express what is in- 
corporeal by means of what is corporeal." 

28-33. ava6od-rjvat,, " was produced." More literally, "was given up- 
ward," 1st aor. infin. pass, of dva6i6uiui. — nal tovc Trp6Tovc dv&punovc, 
&c, " and that the first human beings sprang from the soil of Attica." 
More literally, " were born from Attica :" 2d aor. infin. act. of dva(pvo. — 
k^ odsoc o66vto)v. Referring to the story of Cadmus. — ava6s6^aaTrjKsvat, 
" arose." More literally, " budded" or " sprouted forth," pluperf. infin. act. 
of dvaSXacTavo). — rpwjrijvai, 2d aor. infin. pass, of Tpe<j>o. — ysyovevai, 
" has ever been," perf. infin. mid. of yivop.at. 

34-36. Xoyoc sgtl, " there is a tradition." — rrpiv fisv dv&pd)7coic, &c, 
" before Apollo appeared unto men," 2d aor. infin. pass, of <paivu, taken in 
a middle sense. — (pavsvTOc 6s tov -&sov, &c, " but that, when the god ap- 
peared, it ran up from the depths of the sea ;" dva6pa/nslv is the 2d aor. 
infin. act. of dvarpsx 10 - — cTrjvaL, " stood firm," i. e., remained steadfast, 
2d aor. infin. act. of larn/ni. 

9g Line 3-5. dosSeiac Kpc&ijvai, " to have been tried for impiety," 1st 
aor. infin. pass, of Kpivu. — d-KoTioynaafisvov 6s, " but that, Pericles 
having spoken in his behalf." More literally, " having made a defence for 
him." — 7rsvTe TaXdvTotc ^rjuio'&fjvai, "he was fined five talents." Liter- 
ally, "in five talents." The punishment for impiety was death; so that 
218 



NOTES ON PAGE 28. 

Pag* 

fine and exile was a comparatively lenient sentence, and owing en- 9Q 
tirely to the interference of Pericles in his behalf. 

6-9. hTZKjKETTTOfievog, "paying a visit to." — TjSvvaro, 3d sing, imperf. 
indie, of dvvafiai. In the three verbs, 6ovXo/uai, 6vva.fu.cu, and fieXko, the 
Attics often add the temporal to the syllabic augment. The regular form, 
therefore, in the present case, would be kdvvaro. — bpyic-Q-elc ovv, " the other, 
therefore, having become incensed." Referring to the foolish fellow. — /cd/ze, 
" that I also," contracted from Kal e/ue. When the reference in the second 
verb is to the same person that is implied by the preceding verb, but an 
emphasis is required, then the accusative of the pronoun, not the nominative, 
is used. — e'X'&bvTL, " having come to see me." — uiroicpLvelo&ai, 2d fut. infin. 
mid. ofanoKpivo). 

11-14. tov 'Ellr/GirovTov ht^evx'&oit, "that the Hellespont had been 
bridged over." More literally, " had been joined," i. e., both sides of it by 
means of a bridge : pluperf. infin. pass, of ^evyvvfii. — dieottd<j) , &ai, pluperf. 
infin. pass, of SiaaKUTtTu. — cnroarTJaeo-d-at yap, &c, "for that (if they do 
so) they will refrain from such disgraceful conduct as this." More literally, 
" will place themselves away from," &c. : 1st fut. infin. mid. of dfioTn/M. 
The genitive daxv/xoavvrjc is governed by and in composition. 

15-19. Kal £uv 6 tyavXoc, &c. The order is, 6 (pavXoc KoTid&rai nal 
£C)v Kal -&avd)v. — x £C f J -" va ^tbvra, " a coming storm." — ol irepl ttjv 'LaXa- 
filva, &c, " the Athenians, while remaining near Salamis, were greatly 
dejected on beholding," &c, i. e., the Athenians, while remaining in their 
vessels near (literally " all around") the island of Salamis, after having left 
Attica, and before the great naval battle took place. — to refievoc rfjq 'A-&n~ 
vt]c, referring to the temple of Minerva in the Acropolis, where the Par- 
thenon was afterward erected. — tj&v/iovv, 3d plur. imperf. indie, act. of 
adv/ueo. 

20-25. irpcJTog ttoiuv, "being the first that made." — dia6e6nKOTa, "in 
the act of stepping forth," i. e., as if walking : perf. part. act. of StaBaivu. 
— Kal rdc x £ ip ac St-aTETafievac, " and the hands (and arms) stretched out" 
perf. part. pass, of dLareivu. — rote fiev 5/j.fiaoi fiefivKora, " with the eyes 
shut." Literally, " shut with (i. e., in the case of) the eyes." — Kcdeipevac, 
Kal rale irhevpalc KEKoTiXvLievac, " hanging down, and attached to the sides." 

26-33. fiaoKavov rivbc, &c, "a certain envious person having looked 
gloomy," perf. part. act. of oKV&pa>7rd£u. — 6 avrbc npbc tov rd x^pia, &c, 
" the same philosopher remarked to one who had eaten up his estate," i. e., 
who had consumed his estate in riotous living. Literally, " who had eaten 
up his lands." — KaTedndoKOTa, perf. part. act. of Kareda), with the reduplica- 
tion. — Kareiue, " swallowed up," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of KaTantvco. — 
av ds. Supply KareTnec. — vofiiji&raTa, " in perfect unison with the laws." 
The neuter plural of the adjective, accusative case, taken adverbially. — Kal 
fidXiGTa SiKaioovvne., &c, " and after having been most observant of recti- 
tude." Literally, "having cared very greatly about just conduct." — 7re- 
(ppovTiKOTa, accus. sing. perf. part. act. of <j>povTi&. — d-nodedelx'&aL, "was 
appointed." Literally, " was shone forth," i. e., was designated : pluperf. 
infin. pass, of d-KodetKWfiL, translated as an imperfect. — &xpi yevrjTai, &c, 
" until they have become forty days old." Literally, " (children) of forty 
days." — kypvyopoTa, " while awake," perf. part. mid. of kyeipo, with the re- 
duplication. — vTcvovvra 6s dfityorepa, " but while sleeping do both." Sup- 
ply noieT. 

34-35. dfiaprdvovTi, " when committing an error" i. e., in military affairs. 

219 



NOTES ON PAGES 28, 29, AND 31. 

Page 

23 — rov 6e <j>f/oavToc, &c, " and the latter having declared that he will 
not do this again.'''' Pronoun understood before the infinitive in the 
nominative case. — ovk eotiv, "it is not permitted." 

29 Line 1-9. etc hydva. Referring to a contest in abusive language 
and mutual invective. — rov vlk&vtoc ecti Kpeirruv, " is better off 
than he who conquers." Because he disgraces himself in a less degree 
than the other. — repTrvorepov elvai, &c. The order is as follows : Tovftiov 
kv aoret Tepirvorepov elvai rov (fSiov) kv ay pole. — olov fisv kern, " how 
pleasing it is." Literally, "what a thing it is." — Xrj'ia, "fields of grain." 
— olov 6e ^eafia, &c, "and what a sight the heifers are, as they gambol 
about, and draw milk (from their mothers 1 dugs)." — kuol yap, " to me in- 
deed." — fzndev Elvai irpbc, &c, " to be nothing in comparison with the 
pleasure derived from these objects." 

11-14. Kara vqv Aitvjjv, " on Mtna." — 'etceT&eIv em, " went over," 2d 
aor. infin. act. of eTrspxofiai. — rijc oltcov/u.£V7}c, " of the habitable world." 
Supply yfje. — t£>v & av&pumov, &c. The order is, evepysTTJaai 6e rove 
tuv av&puircov Trpoo~6e^afi£vove [laTiiora ravrnv, " and that she benefited 
Jthose of the human race who received her most kindly." Literally, "who 
received this (goddess)." — avTidiopnaafjLEvrjv, " having bestowed upon them 
in return," i. e., in return for their kind reception of her. 

15-18. rov Kpovov Kareiy&lovToe, " when Saturn was devouring." — 
KlaTrelg, " having been secretly carried off" 2d aor. part. pass, of k^etttu. 
— koI he ttjv Kprjrnv e/cretfefc, " and having been taken to Crete and ex- 
posed there." Observe the peculiar construction in sc T7}v Kfr^T7]v, which 
requires a new verb in English. eKTe&elc is the 1st aor. part. pass, of 
EKTL'&rjjiL. — rattEVTOc avrC) rov KTjpoxi, " the wax having melted for him." 
Dsedalus had made wings for his son, and had secured the feathers in their 
places with wax, in order that he might fly along with him over the sea. 
The youth, however, approached too near the sun in his flight, and the wax 
in consequence melted. ranEvrog is the 2d aor. part. pass, of t7/ko. — koI 
tuv rvTEpdv TvepLp'p'vEVTGyv, " and the feathers having fallen out in every 
direction." Literally, "having flowed out all around," 2d aor. part. pass. 

of 7T£pipf)eO). 



FABLES. 

Q^ Line 2-5. rjliaoc av r\v -&6pv6oc, &c, " how great an uproar there 
would be were I doing this V Observe the potential force which 
the particle av gives to the indicative. Without av the meaning would be, 
" how great an uproar there was." — km to dia iravrbg, &c. The order is, 
km to tiktelv Iva (onvuvov) dia Tzavrbc (xpovov), " on account of her 
bringing forth only one whelp during all her lifetime." — Iva, hXka teovra, 
" I bring forth only one, it is true, but then I bring forth a lion." Supply 
tikto), which is to be supplied also with Xsovra. 

6-8. kK.a-&Ea$r), "had seated itself," 1st aor. indie, pass, of Kaftefyfiai, 
and taken here in a middle sense. — nal ijvXei, " and began to buzz." Lit- 
erally, " began to play upon the pipe," i. e., to wind its little horn : 3d sing, 
imperf. indie, act. of aiMo. — eItte 6e, " at length he said." — el ftapu cov tov 
TEvovra, " if I press heavily upon the tendon of thy neck" — tiMe^, 2d sing. 
220 



NOTES ON PAGES 31 AND 32. 

Pa K* 

2d aor. indie, act. of Epxofxai. — syvcov, 1st sing. 2d aor. indie, act. ^1 
of yivucnu. — ue^tjgel fiot, " will it be a care to me" i. e., will I at 
all care, 1st fut. of /j,e?iEI. 

10-12. evpcjv, 2d aor. part. act. of cvpioKO). — TtEtrnyoTa, "stiffened," 
perf. part. mid. of TTf/yvvfiL. — vtto k6?ltcov /carrtf-ero, " deposited it in his 
bosom." More literally, "put it down beneath his bosom." — d-Epuav&slc, 
11 having become warmed," 1st aor. part. pass, of &£p/j.aivu. — avaAafiuv, 
"having resumed." — Eirlnl-E, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of ^r/cau. In 
Lessing's fables (2, 3), the serpent adroitly defends himself against the 
charge of ingratitude, by asserting that the peasant merely took him up, 
when stiffened with cold, in order to make use of his skin. 

14-15. fiorpvac TZETTEipovc Kpeuauivovc, "clusters of grapes hanging 
ripe :" KpEuauivovc, part. part. pass, of KpEudvvvut, with an intransitive 
meaning. The attachment of foxes to grapes is alluded to by Nicander 
(Alex., 185) and Oppi&n (Cyneg., 3, 458). — EixEtparo, " kept trying for some 
time." Literally, "kept trying for himself," 3d sing, imperf. indie, mid. of 
TTEcpdcj. Observe the continued action indicated by the imperfect. — 7roA/la 
6e tcauovoa, "having toiled much, however." TroAAa, the neuter plural of 
the adjective, is here taken adverbially : Kauovaa is the 2d aor. part. act. 
of ndfivco. — Kal utj dvvv'&Elaa, "and not having been able," 1st aor. part, 
pass, of dvvauai. — Tzapauv&ovfLEvri, " striving to console," pres. part. mid. 
of Trapauv&EouaL. — ou<pan£c stl elglv, " they are still unripe." The fox 
means, that he only leaves them now, because they are not yet worth taking, 
and that he will come again when they are ripe, and then carry them off. 

Line 1-3. etzI tivoc duuaroc ivTuc, " standing upon a certain QO 
building," i. e., upon the roof: eotuc is the perf. part. act. of lottjui, 
contracted from eotvkuc. — r:api6vra, "passing by." — u ovtoc, &c, " ichat 
a creature this is ! why thou dost not revile me, but the place where thou, 
art does." The phrase w ovtoc is commonly, but erroneously, rendered, 
" oh thou," or, " hark you there." Its true force is the one just given by us, 
and it is to be viewed as applied, not so much to the individual with whom 
we are speaking, as to persons supposed to be standing by ; and then by a 
sudden turn the discourse is again directed to the person previously ad- 
dressed. (Consult the Index Gracitatis to De Furia's edition of JEsop, 

S. V. OVTOC.) 

4-7. TTviyfjvat, " of being drowned." Literally, " of being suffocated," 
i. e., by the waters. — kfii/xtpETo tu xaidl, &c, " began to blame the boy for 
his rashness." More literally, " began to make his rashness a source of 
blame unto the boy." — al?M vvv, &c, " (what thou sayest is all right 
enough), but do just now assist me, and find fault with me afterward when 
I am once saved." The particle a?JA, in the beginning of a sentence, 
shows that one acquiesces in what another says, but still wishes to call his 
attention to some other matter besides. 

9-12. ETTMj-padslc, "having turned upon him," 2d aor. part. pass, of 
lirt(TTp£(j>o), in a middle sense. — dc to. otico-co ecjvjev, "fled back." Liter- 
ally, " fled to the places behind." Supply x^P La - — ^ k-clkti K£<pa2.y, "ah! 
thou cowardly fellow /" ke§p2,7) is here used for the entire person, like caput 
in Latin. — ovrtvoq ov6e tov, &c, " not even whose roar thou didst endure," 
i. e., when thou couldst not even endure its roar. — virfjvsyKac, 2d sing, 
1st aor. indie, act. of vTrocpspo). 

13-17. vabv. The reference is to some temple placed on the public 
road. These w r ere frequently used as asylums, or places of shelter, by 

T2 221 



NOTES ON PAGES 32 AND 33. 

22 persons when pursued. — rrpocrKaXovuevov, " calling to." Genitive 
absolute. — r<5 #e£, " unto the god" i. e., of the temple. — aXk' 

alperuTspov, &c, "well, it is better for me," &c. Literally, "what thou 
sayest is very likely, but still it is better," &c. — &vaiav elvai, " that I be 
a sacrifice." Supply hue before elvai in construing. — dtaQ&apijvaL, 2d aor. 
infin. pass, of 6ca<j>d-eipcj. 

18-21. dopav Xeovtoc eTrevdv&elc, "having put on a lion's skin," 1st 
aor. part. pass, of hnevdvu, and taken in a middle sense. — koI fyvyrj fxev rjv, 
&c, "and, there was a scampering of men" &c. The old English term 
" scampering" best expresses the quiet humour of the original. — ficatoTepov, 
" more strongly than usual." — eiudpauovTec, 2d aor. part. act. of kiriTpexu. 

24-27. TLKTovaaVy "which laid." Literally, "laying." — re^erai, 3d 
sing. 1st fut. mid. of tiktg). — Sic tt}c fyepac, " twice a day." Part of time 
(i. e., time when) is put in the genitive. — rj&vvaro, 3d sing, imperf. indie, 
of dvvajLiai. Consult, as regards the augment, the note on line 6, page 28. 

23 Line 1-3. ruv bpvi&av fiovlouevov, genitive absolute. — iavrbv 
rjt-iov x eL P 0T0Ve ^ v i " thought himself worthy an electing," i. e., 

worthy to be elected. The active (xet-porovelv) is not employed here for 
the passive, as some maintain. The fault lies in their translating it into 
English by a passive voice, for which there is no necessity here whatever. 
The infinitive appears in this passage in its primitive character of a verbal 
noun. (Compare Harris's Hermes, 1, 8.) — tovtov, referring to the pea- 
cock. — tcov aXluv, referring to the other birds, and the genitive absolute.— 
vrcoXaduv, " having taken up the conversation," i. e., having broken in upon 
the remarks of the other birds. — aTJC el, " ay, but if" i. e., " thou makest 
a fine-looking king, 'tis true, but if" &c. 



ANECDOTES OF PHILOSOPHERS. 

6-11. huaariyov, " was flogging," imperf. of jxaariyoQ. — elfiapro, u it 
v^as fated," pluperf. pass, of uelpofiac The slave, in his excuse, endeavour- 
ed to shelter himself under the doctrine of immutable destiny, which formed 
so conspicuous a part of the philosophy of his master, the Stoic Zeno. — /cat 
daprjvat tyr], " ay, replied Zeno, and to be scourged as often as thou 
mightst steal." Observe the force of the aorist in 6aprjvai, which is the 
2d aor. infin. pass, of depu, and is governed by eluapro understood. — 7rpoc 
to (j>7ivapovv fitipdmov, "unto the prating youth." The article is here 
employed to indicate a well-known story. — exouev, the present tense here 
calls for subjunctives in the two verbs that follow. — crvvt^v-nKsv, perf. of 
ovp'p'eo). A singular verb with the neuter plural. 

11-16. 'Avriyovov irefiipavToc, "when Antigonus had sent." — K%rj-&elc, 
from koXeg). — kcckuvuv, for ical eiceivov. — ETTide'iKwod-aL, " to show off," 
pres. infin. mid. Literally, "to show for themselves," i. e., through an 
impulse of vanity. — avrbc kaiya, " remained himself silent." — &tovvtg)v, 
" asking." Literally, " seeking to know." — tl airayyei'kioai., " what word 
they are to bring back" 1st aor. subj. act. of awayyeXku. The subjunctive is 
employed after questions that imply doubt. — tovt' avrb, " mention unto him 
the very thing." More literally, "carry back, as intelligence, this same 
thing." Supply anayyeihare. 
222 



NOTES ON PAGES 33 AND 34. 

Pago 

19-27. ov tov rporzov, &c, " I compassionated, not the manner QQ 
{of behaving), hut the man." There is in the Greek an intentional 
similarity of sound between rporcov and uv&puTzov, which we have endeav- 
oured to imitate in English. — etpatJKEv, " he ztsed often to say." Observe 
the frequentative force in paovecj. — evpnusvat, " had discovered," pluperf. 
infin. act. of evptOKG). — rrpoc tov Kavxu/ievov, " to the one that boasted." 
The article is again employed as referring to a well-known story. — uc etn, 
" that he was." The optative is here employed, as the subjunctive often 
is in Latin, to indicate the opinion merely of the person who speaks, not that 
also of the one who relates the story. — rove Trpoexovrac diunovrec, " while 
pursuing those who go on before" i. e., who outstrip them in the race after 
wisdom. — rove varepovvrag, " those who lag behind." — ttuc av rote (ptAotc 
irpoG(pepoLU£-&a, " how we should act towards our friends." More literally, 
"how we should bear ourselves towards our friends." Observe the force 
of the middle voice. — uc, "in the same way as." Supply ovrog before 
6c. 

Line 1-2. kvox^ovfievoc, " being annoyed." — KOTTTOfievoc, " tired ^4 
out." The literal meaning of this verb, in the present passage, has 
reference to something that comes frequently in contact with us, and dis- 
turbs more or less our equanimity, or our quietude of body. In Xenophon's 
treatise De Re Equestri (1, 4, and 8, 8), it is employed to indicate the 
jolting of a horse, and the consequent tiring out of the rider. (Compare 
Schneider and Weiske, ad loc.) In Athenoeus (7, p. 290, b.), it has the 
meaning of to stun, or deafen one, as it were, by constant talking. (Com- 
pare Casaubon, ad loc, and Pierson, ad Mozr., p. 74.) 

3-5. iroXhanis avrov teyovroc, "the talkative fellow frequently saying." 
Genitive absolute. — ov d-av/uaGTov o tl "kzyu ; " is not what I tell thee sur- 
prising ?" Supply tovto kcTL after ■&avuaGTov. — a?JJ el " but that." 
Equivalent to a/U,' on. — at vrro/Ltevet, " endures thee" i. e., does not run 
away. 

6-8. -d-paavvojuevov, " conducting himself arrogantly," pres. part. mid. 
of dpao-vvo). — ov izavcet, "wilt thou not cease ?" 2d sing. 1st fat. mid. of 
rrava, with the Attic termination for rravan. — 6Y ov fieya (ppovetv agioic, 
" through whom thou claimest to think highly of thyself," i. e., through 
whom as the author of thy being. If he had not begotten thee, where 
wouldst thou have now been with thy fancied superiority to thine own 
parent 1 Be thankful to him for thy very existence. 

9-10. etziotcivtoc aevoKparovc, " while Xenocrates was standing by." 
Xenocrates was one of his followers. — eyej yap bpyi^o/iaL, "for I at present 
am angry," and therefore unfit to punish with judgment and discretion, or 
with any real advantage to the offender. 

11-14. % Eav&iTnrn, "that Xanthippe of thine." — ^otdopovca, "when 
she abuses one." — (Souvruv, "when they cackle." — avexei, 2d sing. pres. 
indie, mid. of avexu, with the Attic termination, for the common form dvixv- 
— 7j Hav&imrn, " Xanthippe." The article here, with the proper name, is 
not to be translated. — /ivpcuv {XETaBoluv, &c, " that, although innumerable 
changes had befallen the state and them," i. e., the state and their own 
family. The pronoun avrovc refers to herself, her husband, and her chil- 
dren. — Karaaxovcuv, 2d aor. part. act. of Karixu. — ev Tractate o/iocov, &c, 
" she had beheld the countenance of Socrates wearing the same expression 
amid all," i. e., amid all these changes. With Tractate supply ueraSoXatc. 

16-21. natibv elvac to Cqv, " that to live is an evil." More freely, " that 

223 



NOTES ON PAGES 34 AND 35. 

Page 

34 life is an evil." — dhld to nanus {ffiv, " but to live badly." More 
freely, " but a bad life. " — 6 'Llvutvevc, " the Sinopian." More freely, 
" of Sinope." This city, the native place of Diogenes, was situate in 
Paphlagonia, on the coast of the Euxine. — 6 Kvuv ETUKalovfievoc, " who was 
nicknamed the Dog. 1 ' More literally, " who was called," &c. This appel- 
lation was given him in allusion to his cynical and snarling manner. — tic 
7rdvra, "for every purpose." Literally, "for all things." — (3aKTnpia ett- 
npeioaro acyd-Evfioag, " having become enfeebled by sickness, on one occasion, 
he supported himself on a staff." Observe the force of the aorist participle 
uad-evijcac. — kirnpeiaaTo, 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of enepeidu. — fireiTa 
fiivroL "subsequently, however." — izv&a, " in which." 

23-31. nal fipadvvovToc, " and the other being dilatory." Supply ekelvov, 
as referring to the person whom Diogenes had desired to provide a hut for 
him. — 7ri$ov nvd Ea^ev olniav, " he occupied a kind of tub for a dwelling." 
More freely, " he made use of a kind of tub," &c. — tt]v irarpcda, referring 
to Sinope. — ttjv /j.et' avrov diarptt-hv, " the staying with him," i. e., to 
stay with him. — inxidpa, " ran away," 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of «7ro- 
didpdoKu. — tyn, " Diogenes replied." — Mdvovc, governed by delo-&at, under- 
stood. — ■nlvov, pres. part. act. neut. gender of ttcvcj. — k^ep'p'LipE rfjc rrripac, 
&c, " he flung his cup out of his wallet." — e^eSoXe 6e Kal, &c, " he threw 
out also his dish." — etteiStj Karsa^s to onsvog, &c, "after he had broken 
his platter, receiving his allowance of lentils in a hollowed loaf of bread." — 
KdTEat-E is the 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of Kardyvvfii. This is one of 
the verbs in which the syllabic augment has maintained itself before a vowel. 

Q ^ Line 2-7. ote dlovc, &c, " when, having been captured, and being 
exposed to sale ;" uXovc is the 2d aor. part. act. of dXioKo. The 
2d aor. and perf. act. of this verb are taken in a passive sense. Diog- 
enes, in his old age, sailed to the island of iEgina, but, upon his passage, 
was taken by pirates, who carried him into Crete, and there exposed him to 
sale in the slave-market. — t'l olde irotelv, "what he knows how to do." — 
KTjpvna, " the crier," who officiated at auctions, proclaiming the nature of 
the article offered for sale, the prices bid, &c. — Krjpvaae el tlc e-O-eXec, 
"make proclamation, whether any one wishes," i. e., cry out, and ask 
whether, &c. — delv 7rEi-&£ad-ac avrcj, &c, " that the latter would have to obey 
him, even though he were a slave," i. e., that Xeniades would have to obey 
Diogenes. More literally, " that it was incumbent to obey him," &c. — el Kal 
tin, the uncertainty implied by the optative amounts here to a tacit denial 
that Diogenes was in reality a slave. A philosophic spirit is ever free. — 
Kal yap iarpbc, &c, "for that, even if a physician or a pilot be a slave, we 
ought to obey him." Literally, " it was incumbent to obey him :" -KELo-drj- 
vat is the passive for the middle. 

9-15. fj.7]6ev elaira itaKov, " let nothing evil enter," 3d sing. pres. imperat. 
act. of eloeifU. — 6 ovv Kvpcoc Trjg oik'uic, &c, " where then, asked he, might 
the master of the house enter ?" Observe the force of dv with the optative. 
— "kovvrai, " are bathing." Middle voice. — tQ> de. Supply Trvd-o/nsvCf). — 
el ttoXvc ox?ioc. Supply lovrat,. — ufioTioynoev, " he answered in the affirm- 
ative." — Kal Aioyivnc, " even Diogenes." — del dpiarav, " one ought, to 
breakfast." Literally, " it behooves one to breakfast." Supply riva after 
del. — orav Exy, " when thou hast anything," i. e., to breakfast upon. More 
freely, "when thou canst." 

16-17. UTidruvoc opiaafievov, &c, " Plato having given as a definition, 
' man is, 1 " &c, having defined man to be, &c. : 1st aor. part. mid. of opinio. 
224 



NOTES ON PAGES 35 AND 36. 

— real evdoKifiovvroc, "and gaining applause for this.'' — ti?mc, ^5 
" Diogenes, having plucked,'''' 1st aor. part. act. of ri2,lo). — elcqvey- 
K€V, 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of eiacpipu. 

19-20. aaurov -firei \ivdv, " asked a spendthrift for a mina." We have 
here the imperfect of alreo, a verb of asking, with a double accusative. — 
/ivav. The mina was not a coin, but a sum of money, and equivalent in 
our currency to seventeen dollars, fifty-nine cents. — tov 6e, referring to the 
spendthrift. — Tpcd)6o?M, " a triobolon," i. e., three oboli. This was a piece 
of money equal in our currency to eight cents, seven mills. 

22-24. 'Attikov tivoc, " a certain native of Attica.'''' Genitive absolute. 
— dioTi Aatcedacfioviovc, &c, "because, though praising the Lacedcemoni- 
ans (more than any other nation), he does not," &c. — ovde ydp iarpbc, &c, 
" naturally enough, replied he, for neither does a physician, being one 
whose business it is to produce health, take up his residence among those 
who are healthy." More literally, "being qualified to produce health." 
The genitive vyuiac is governed by the verbal adjective. The particle 
yap refers to something understood, and which is supposed to precede. 
We have supplied the ellipsis by the words, "naturally enough." This 
may also be done by such expressions as, "no wonder," "be not sur- 
prised," &c. 

25-28. T7jv pLETaBaaLV avrov, " his own change of residence." Diogenes 
used to reside alternately at Athens and Corinth. — rale, tov (3acn?Jug, &c, 
" to the abiding of the (Persian) king, in the spring at Susa," &c. Lit- 
erally, " to the abidings," the plural indicating the frequent change of resi- 
dence. The article rale agrees with diarpiSalg, at the end of the sentence. 
— tov f3aaL?Jue, this is a very common way of designating the Persian 
monarch, on the part of the Greek writers. Sometimes the expression 6 
fieyac fiaoiXeve, " the great king," is employed. — eapoc, the genitive of 
time. — xetfttivoc. The Persian king resided in winter at Babylon, on ac- 
count of its being warmer there ; and during summer in the cool and 
mountainous country of Media, the capital of which was Ecbatana. 

30-31. ayuviG), e<pn, &c., "remarked, I am very much afraid lest I have 
done some evil." More literally, " I am in an earnest struggle (with my- 
self)," 1st sing. pres. indie, act. of ayovidu, contracted form. — elpyaa/uai, 
perf. indie, of epyd&fxai. — ri avru Trepcyeyovev, " what advantage has ac- 
crued to him." More literally, " what has resulted to him over and above," 
i. e., over and above what he might have obtained from other and ordinary 
sources. 

Line 1-5. tovc ovovc Itctiovc tpn(ptaao-&at, " to vote their asses Qg 
(to be) horses," i. e., to declare, by a public decree, that their asses 
were horses. — akoyov 6e ■hyovftivuv, " but they thinking this strange (ad- 
vice)." Genitive absolute. The full sentence, supplying the ellipses, is, 
akoyov Se avrov qyovpievuv rovro. — dXka jirjv koX arparr/yol, &c, "and 
yet, replies he, generals who have learned nothing (of military matters), 
but have been merely voted into office, are created by you.'''' Ten generals 
were annually chosen at Athens by the votes of the people. They at- 
tended to all matters appertaining to war, together with certain state con- 
cerns. — eie Kopanaq. Consult note online 1, page 21. — k/nreaelv, 2d aor. 
infin. act. of fynmrrw. — a-xod-avovroc, " of one when dead" 2d aor. part. act. 
of a-KO&vfio~Ku>. — £&vtoc, " of one while still living." 

9-16. tl tt?Jov exovcriv oi (bcAoootioi, " in what respect, philosophers are 
better off (than other men)." — Literally, " what philosophers have more 

225 



NOTES ON PAGES 36 AND 37. 

Paw 

^g (than others)." — o/ioioe fittJaopEv, "we (philosophers) will live in 
the same manner as before," i. e., in the same manner as we did 
when the laws were in existence. — t'lvi, ii in what. 1 '' — ayvura tottov, "a, 
strange place," i. e., a place where both are utter strangers. Literally, " an 
unknown place." — feat elaec, " and thou wilt know," 2d sing. 1st fut. mid. 
of eida), with the Attic termination for the common form tlaij. — urcep, "in 
the same way as." More literally, " in the way in which." ' The full form 
of expression would be, kv ekelvg) tgj rpoTvo), kv uirsp rpoiio). — Ittttol. Sup- 
ply dia<j>epovGi. — riva early, "what are the things." — olc, "those which." 

17-21. ti, "in what." Governed, according to some, by Kara under- 
stood. — avrov 6 vibe, " his son," referring to the son of the speaker. — icai 
el (jLtjdev, &c, "why, even if in nothing else, in the theatre at least he will 
not sit a stone upon a stone." The seats in the ancient theatres were 
of stone. — Ka-d-edrjaeTat, 3d sing. 1st fut. mid. of Ka^E^ofiai. — ovvicravToc 
tlvoc, &.c, "a certain person placing his son with him," i. e., for instruc- 
tion. — yrnoe, " Aristippus asked" 3d sing. 1st aor. indie, act. of alreo. — 
dpaxfj.de. The drachma was equal to seventeen cents, six mills, of our 
currency. Hence five hundred drachmas would be equivalent to eighty- 
eight dollars. — togovtov, "for so much," i. e., for that price. The genitive 
of price. For some valuable remarks on the price of slaves at Athens, 
consult Boeckh's Public Economy of Athens, vol. i., p. 92, seqq. — irpico, £<f>n, 
&c, " buy, replied the philosopher, and then thou wilt have two," i. e., thy 
uneducated son and the purchased slave : 2d sing. pres. imperat. of irpia/iai, 
contracted from trpiaao, (intermediate form, Trpiao). — Supply dv6pdnotia 
with 6vo. 

22-27. hv odti, " on a journey." — to irliov, " the greater part." Sup- 
ply [xepoe. — oc jllev, " the former ," referring to philosophers. — uv 6eovto,i. 
The full form is rd wv 6iovrai. 

29-35. ravra TzpoG§£peo"&ai, " to put up with these things" pointing to 
the vegetables. Literally, " to bring thyself to these things." — ovk hv 
k-d-EpdiTEvec, &c, " thou wouldst not be an attendant at the courts of ty- 
rants." Observe the force which dv imparts to the indicative. The avXrj 
was properly an open space before a dwelling, forming a kind of court. 
Hence &epair£V£t,v rue avXdc is the same in effect as epxEcrdat ettc rdc 
"d-vpac. (Consult Casaub. ad Diog. Laert., 2, 68.) — ovk dv Xd^ava eir- 
TiWEe, "wouldst not now be washing vegetables." — avrio gvve6jj, "it hap- 
pened unto him." — oi) yap nspl 6/xoiae, &c, "naturally enough, replied 
he, for we are not each of us concerned about a life of the same kind," i. e., 
we, philosophers, and you the unlearned. The term Znao-rot refers to these 
two classes of persons. As respects the elliptical force of yap in this pas- 
sage, consult note on line 24, page 35. 

37 Line 1-13. snXavaEv, 1st aor. indie, act. of tclaio). — ov6ev irpovp- 
yov, "no good." — oY airb yap, &c, " (thou art right), for on this 
very account indeed do I weep." The particle yap again points to some- 
thing understood, which we have expressed by the words, " thou art right." 
— 6cai,Tri, governed by ^pw/zevoc. — ov6ev ov6ettote, " anything at any time." 
The negatives here strengthen the negation in Greek, but require the af- 
firmative in English. — Trpdc ij6ovt]v, " with a view to pleasure." — el 7/6eo)C 
aTTO&VT/cncot, " whether he could die willingly." — dafiEvcjc dnaX2.drrofiat, 
" / gladly depart (from life)." Supply rov (3iov. Literally, " I gladly 
send myself away from," &c. — KaraXvty&Elc, from KaTa2.ap.6avo. — Acar* 
bXiyov sic virvov, &c, "falling gradually into sleep, used to lie thus." 
226 



NOTES ON PAGES 37 AND 38. 

Page 

More literally, " used to lie, slipping by little (and little) into sleep." 37 
— avTov fipero, "asked him,'''' i. e., as he lay thus, and while sleep 
was stealing upon him. — H izpdrToi, " what he was doing." Literally, 
"what he might be doing." — ru adeAipu), referring to Death, who is beau- 
tifully alluded to as the brother of Sleep. 

15-21. afyr/KEv, "allowed him to pass unpunished.' 1 '' Literally, "sent 
him away (unpunished)," 1st aor. indie, act. of adin/u. — rtuupiac, governed 
by cifieivov. — to fiev, " the former," referring to cvyyvdun, but agreeing 
with npdyua understood. — earl, "is the characteristic." — rrepl Mavriveiav, 
"at Mantinea." More literally, •" in the neighbourhood of Mantinea." 
The preposition Tvepi is often used in this way, with the accusative, where 
a place is pointed out generally. — etzege, 2d aor. indie, act. of ttitttu. — 
rnvcKavra, " about that same time." The adverb must not, of course, be 
rendered here too strongly, since Xenophon was at this time residing at 
Corinth, a considerable distance from the field of battle. — -&velv eote/li[1£vov, 
"was sacrificing, with a garland around his brow." The ancients were 
accustomed to wear garlands when sacrificing. (Consult Kuhn, ad Ml. 
V. H., 3, 3). — karefiUEVOv, perf. part. pass, of arsepco. — airocTscpavcxjacrdai, 
" that lie took off his garland." Literally, "that he uncrowned himself." 
Observe the force of the middle. 

22-24. on yevvaiuc, " that he died bravely." Supply dir£-&avE. — etu- 
■&Eoirai, 2d aor. infin. mid. of kwiri^fic. Observe the force of the middle 
here, implying that he placed the garland again " upon his brow." — IiXau. 
yap eI-elv, &c, " but remarked {why ought I to weep), for I knew that I 
had begotten him a mortal." The same as, u?,?m eitteZv, ri jie 6ei daupvstv, 
ydsiv yap, &c. The particle yap is again used in its elliptical sense. — 
yeyEvvnuuc. Observe the use of the nominative, the reference being to 
the same person that is implied in ydeiv. The participle also takes the 
place of the infinitive here, the idea of continuance being involved ; as if 
he had said, " I knew myself all along as being one that had begotten him 
a mortal." Consult note on line 10, page 11. 

25-27. TloAVKpdrovc. Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, is meant. Anacreon 
was residing at his court when the circumstance alluded to in the text 
occurred. — tcevte raXavra. The ordinary Attic talent of silver was equal 
to one thousand and fifty-five dollars, sixty cents, of our currency. The 
sum received by the poet was equivalent, therefore, to five thousand two 
hundred and seventy-eight dollars. — 6c kippovrcasv, &c, "after he had 
thought upon them for two nights," i. e., during two nights. The genitive 
of time is often to be rendered by " during," " within," " in the space of." 
(Matlh., G. G., $ 377.) — fj-tg avaynd&L aypvirvetv, " which compels one 
to go without sleep." 

Line 2-8. EKpivero aa£6siac, "was put to trial for profanation QQ 
in a certain play." ^Eschylus had laid himself open to a charge of 
profanation, by too boldly introducing on the stage something connected 
with the mysteries of Eleusis. — EToifiuv ovruv, " being ready," i. e., in 
case he were condemned : and so certain did his condemnation appear, that 
they had already taken up stones to hurl at him. — fidWEiv avrov "Xi-Q-oiq, 
" to stone him to death" Literally, " to strike him with stones." Stoning 
to death was the punishment for profanation and impiety.— -epnfiov tjjc 
XEipoc, " deprived of the hand." An adjective of deprivation, governing 
the genitive. — etvxe dpiGTSvov, " happened to have distinguished himself." 
The clause more freely rendered would run as follows : " now it happened 

227 



NOTES ON PAGE 38. 

Page 

gg that this Ameinias had distinguished himself," &c— koI irpuTOC 
'Afinvaiov, &c, " and was the first of the Athenians that gained, 
the prize of valour {on that occasion),''' 1 i. e., was first in order of the Athe- 
nians who gained prizes for valour at the battle of Salamis ; or, in other 
words, gained the first prize. (Compare Perizon, ad Ml. V. H., 5, 19.) — 
rov avdpbc to iraftog, "what had befallen the many Alluding to the loss 
of his hand. — v7re[ivrjo"&?]Ciav, from vTzofiifivfjCHo). — afyfjuav, " acquitted." 
Literally, " sent away," or " discharged from custody." 

9-13. napado'&elc, "having been committed" i. e., having been sent. 
■ — dia to tyavXifetv, "on account of his disparaging." — eirena, "there- 
upon." This is inserted to give more force to the concluding member 
of the sentence. — \itx? L Tivbg, "for some time." Supply xpovov. — not 
Si] cv ; " whither, pray, (art) thou (going) ?" Supply ep^ei, and observe 
also the force of the particle 6rj, which is analogous here to the Latin 



15-18. napavoiac npivofievoc, "being accused of dotage," i. e., of men- 
tal imbecility, the result of advanced age, and of consequent unfitness to 
manage his affairs. The object of this false charge was to deprive the poet 
of the management of his property. The affection which Sophocles enter- 
tained for a grandchild by a second wife, had excited the jealousy of Iophon, 
and led to this unnatural suit. — avsyvu, 2d aor. indie, act. of avayiyvuaico). 
— Oidinovv tov km KoTiuvu), " the CEdipus at Colonus." Supply ovra after 
tov, for a literal translation, " the CEdipus, who is at Colonus." The 
CEdipus at Colonus is one of the seven remaining tragedies of Sophocles. 
According to some authorities, Sophocles read, on this occasion, the beau- 
tiful chorus only, in which he celebrates the loveliness of his native borough 
of Colonus. — ottoc tov vovv vyiaivev, " how sound he (still) was in mind," 
i. e., how vigorous his mental powers still were. — toe, "so that." — Kara- 
ip7]<piaao"&ai 6s tov vlov, &c, " and adjudged his son to be insane." More 
literally, " adjudged insanity against his son," i. e., decided that the son, 
not the father, was wandering in intellect. 

19-24. in-Ta npbc toic, &c, " after having lived ninety-seven years.'''' 
Literally, " seven years in addition to ninety." As regards the employment 
of the article with kvvevrjKovTa, consult note on line 5, page 8. — nar- 
etceiTO 7]pE[xG)v, " lay resting." — avTu>, "for him," i. e., Philemon. — 
foplirjoe fiev dc y£2.oTa, " burst into a laugh." More literally, " rushed 
into laughter." — slndv, " having told him." — 7rpoadovvai r<p ovo) atcpaTov 
p"o<l>£lv, "to give the ass some undiluted wine also to sup up." Literally, 
" to give in addition to the ass," &c. The genitive anp&Tov, having ref- 
erence to a part, is exactly analogous to the English expression " some un- 
diluted wine." The verb faotyelv alludes to the peculiar mode of drinking 
on the part of the ass, horse, &c. With anpaTov supply olvov. Undiluted 
wine was drunk after eating figs, as healthier than mixed wine, or water, 
would have been after such food. (Consult the commentators ad Val. Max., 
9, 12, ext.) 

25-27. tov Ktiov, " the Coan," i. e., the native of the island of Cos. — to 
auifia, "as to his body." The accusative of nearer definition, where some 
supply KaTa. — avaTpair^vat, " to be overturned" 2d aor. infin. pass, of 
avaTpeTro). — etc Trdanc Tvpotyaaewc, "from any cause." — fxoXiSdov Tctnoin- 
fieva, "made of lead." The genitive of the material. — <paol, "they say." 
Equivalent to the Latin dicunt or narrant. 

31-36. tIvoc aol fj-ETaSQ, &c, " of what one of the things that are mine 
228 



NOTES ON PAGES 38 AND 39. 

Page 

shall I make thee a partaker?" The verb peradidufu takes the 33 
genitive here along with the dative, the reference being to a part. — 
ov j3ov?iei, " of whatsoever one thou wishest." More literally, "of that 
one, of which thou wishest to make me a partaker. " Supply fiol fieradovvai. 
— gxo7AC,£lv avru), "to be a pupil of his." More literally, " to enjoy 
(learned) leisure with him." — dirrovc fuodovc, "a double fee." — kva //ev, 
" I ask one fee." Supply /xtcr&dv alrCi. — aiytiv. Supply fj.a$ng. 

Line 1-5. dvayvovc, " after having read it," 2d aor. part. act. of 3Q 
avaytyvuGncj. — que, " came" imperf. indie, act. of rjno. — to fiev 
Tzpurov, &c., "that, to him going over it the first time." — uirpaK-ov, "in- 
efficient" i. e., not calculated to accomplish what was intended. — ri ovv, 
&c, "what then? art thou not going to speak it (only) once before the 
judges ?" As regards the use of ettI in the sense of " before," with the 
genitive case, consult Matthice, G. G., § 584, (77). 

7-11. ' kpra^ep^ov rov Mv^/uovoc, " of Artaxerxes Mnemon." Literally, 
" of Artaxerxes the Rememberer." The appellation of Mnemon (6 Mvry^wv) 
was given to Artaxerxes II., king of Persia, on account of his great mem- 
ory. He was the brother of Cyrus the younger. — Kara<payuv, " eagerly 
swallowing." Observe the force of Kara in composition, and the general 
meaning which <pdyo itself has here, as referring not only to solids, but 
also to fluids. — rtfi-riv, "was I all along." — xapievruc 6 (3ao~i2,eve, &c, 
"pleasantly did King Archelaus, ichen a talkative barber had" &c. The 
monarch here alluded to was King of Macedonia, and contemporary with 
the poet Euripides, who ended his days in his dominions. — ttuc ce KEtpu ; 
"how shall I trim thee?" Literally, "how am I to trim thee?" KEipu 
being the subjunctive mood. The barber of antiquity trimmed the beard, 
cut the hair, and pared the nails. (Consult Bottiger, Sabina, vol. ii., p. 
59.) To translate Keipo, in the present passage, by the English verb "to 
shave," would be therefore quite erroneous. 

12-14. 6 veu-epoc Atovvcrcoc, " Dionysius the younger." The son of 
Dionysius the elder, and tyrant of Syracuse. He affected to be a great 
patron of the learned. (Consult Menage, ad Diog. Laert., 2, 61.) — ttoA- 
?iovc rp£<pecv ootyLGTug, " that he maintained many learned men." By ao- 
<P(.gtuc are here meant the learned generally, including poets, philosophers, 
rhetoricians, &c. (Consult Wyttenbach, ad loc. — Plut. Apophth. Reg. ct 
Duc,p. 176, C.) — -&av/j.dfav, "because he admired." Observe the em- 
ployment of the nominative, as agreeing with the nominative of the pronoun 
understood before Tpe<pet.v. — fiovlofiEvog, " because he wished." 

15-20. CTparoTTeSov, " that an encampment." — 6 'Alei-dvdpov iraTjjp. 
Referring still to the same monarch. — 'A&vvaiovc [mnapi&iv, " that he con- 
sidered the Athenians a happy people" i. e., a lucky race. — el tcati' Ikoctov 
kviavrbv, &c, "since they find every year ten generals to choose." Lit- 
erally, " to choose for themselves," aipelcr&ai being the middle voice. The 
Athenians chose ten generals annually. Their duties were partly military, 
partly civil. — avroc yap EvpvKEvai "for that he himself had found." Ob- 
serve the nominative with the infinitive, as referring back to the speaker. 

22-23. rove \LEk\ovraq, Efn, &c, "replied, ' I love most those who are 
going to betray to~me, and I hate most those tcho have already betrayed 
to me.' " With trpodidovai and irpodeduKorac, respectively, supply pot. 
Philip alludes to the traitors among the nations with whom he at various 
times carried on war ; and the whole answer is in full accordance with the 
cold and selfish character of the Macedonian king. All his love, such as 

U 229 



NOTES ON PAGES 39 AND 40. 

39 it is, is based upon self-interest. The persons for whom he has 
most regard are the traitors in his pay, as long as their plans of 
treachery, for his benefit, remain to be consummated ; for they are during 
this period his most valuable instruments. When, however, they have 
executed their task, and have betrayed unto him whatever was to be be- 
trayed, he flings them aside as so many worthless tools, and despises them 
as much as he prized them before this. 

24-29. tov rrje rpayudcac v-KOKpiTTjv, "the actor in tragedy." More 
freely, "the tragic actor." — ri ■&av[xa£oi, &c, " what one he admired of 
the (.tragic) events treated of by Mschylus" &c. Literally, " what one he 
might admire." — o 6', " but what.'''' — $i%c7nrov, "namely, Philip.'" In ap- 
position with o that precedes. — nal rpiaKaiSeKarov -&eov E7Wi2,T]&evra, " and 
styled a thirteenth god," i. e., saluted with the title of the thirteenth god. 
The greater deities were twelve in number, viz., Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, 
Vesta, Ceres, Neptune, Venus, Vulcan, Mars, Mercury, Apollo, and Diana. 
— ttj efjjjc, " on the following day, however.'" Supply rjfiepa. — kTxiatyaykvTa, 
2d aor. part. pass, of eTrta^dTTu. Philip was slain by a young man named 
Pausanias, who had been outraged by a friend of the monarch's, and had 
been unable to procure redress from the latter. — nal kpp'tpfj.evov, "and a 
thing of little account," perf. part. pass, of faiirru. We must be careful not 
to give kppifipievov here its literal meaning, " cast forth," but rather its 
figurative one, making it have the same peculiar force in this passage that 
projectus often has in Latin ; as, for example, in Livy (2, 27), " projectum 
consular e imperium." 

4Q Line 1-8. Evrvxruidrnv," pieces of good fortune." — aatpov, used 
here as denoting a particular time. — ore Ted-ptTnrc) vevtunKev 'OXv/j.- 
trta, " that he has conquered with a four-horse chariot at the Olympic 
games." After 'Olvfirna supply dyDviajiara, which is not, however, gov- 
erned by vevinnKEv, but is the accusative of nearer definition, where some 
understand Kara. — kviKnae, " had overcome," the aorist rendered as a plu- 
perfect. — u dal/iov, " oh fortune." — rovrotq dvri^rec, " set off against these." 
— tydovelv tte(j)vk£v, " is wont to envy." Consult, as regards the curious 
doctrine of which this forms a part, the remarks of Baehr, ad Herod., 7, 10. 
— ij TvxVi " this goddess." Literally, " Fortune." To be rendered freely, 
as dalfiov has preoccupied the literal meaning, and Tvx 7 ) i s merely brought 
in as explanatory of it. 

9-11. Eirap-d-Elg 6e ry svirpayia, " elated thereupon with his success," 1st 
aor. part. pass, of £7raipcj. — 6eiv avrov v7rofu/uv7JcrKEO"&aL, " that it was 
right for him to be reminded." — rtvc iraidi, "a certain slave." 

14-19. KaTEirXdyrj, 2d aor. indie, pass, of KaraTT^aaio. — tov j3iov t 
"with the mode of life." Accusative of nearer definition. — avrov /ivTjfxov- 
evov, " recalling him to mind." — el fir/ rjp.rjv, " if I were not." — av f/fiqv, 
*' I would like to be." Equivalent to av elvai rf^e'Kov. Literally, " I 
would be." — eUSvac avrov drj/iiovpyeiv, " to make statues of him." Ac- 
cording to Pliny (7, 38), Alexander ordered, that Apelles alone should 
represent him on canvass, Pyrgoteles in marble, and Lysippus in bronze. 
Other writers, however, make mention merely of Apelles and Lysippus. 
(Cic. Ep. Div., 5, 12.—Horat. Epist., 2, 1, 239.) The term dyfiiovpyelv, 
therefore, in our text, is equivalent, in the present instance, to the English 
verb "to cast." — KarEfifivve tu x a ^ K V> & c -> "represented in bronze his 
peculiar character." Literally, " by the bronze." The meaning of r/tfof 
in this passage may be gathered from the following remark of Pliny (35, 
230 



NOTES ON PAGES 40 AND 41. 

Page 

36) respecting the Theban painter Aristides : " is omnium primus AC\ 
animum pinxit, et sensus hominum expressit, quae vocant Graeci 
%■&%." — Kal owet;e(j>epe ttj uoptprj, &c, " and brought out to view his martial 
spirit together with his form,'' 1 i. e., blended them together in the same 
statue, giving each at the same time its distinctive character. 

19-21. Tyv airoarpo^v too rpaxfflov, " the bend of his neck." Plutarch 
elsewhere informs us (Vil. Alex., c. 4), that the monarch's neck had a slight 
bend, or turn, towards the left. Visconti, by a reference to remains of an- 
cient sculpture, arrives at the conclusion, that the muscle on the left side 
of the neck was considerably enlarged in a lateral direction, which would 
have, of course, the effect of shortening it, and would consequently give the 
head a kind of bend towards the left shoulder. (Icon. Gr., 2, 2, p. 63, not.) 
— tuv bfifiaruv tjjv vyporvra, " the humid brightness of his eyes." This 
was esteemed a great beauty by the ancient Greeks, and was assigned, as 
a striking characteristic, to their goddess Venus, the ideal type of female 
loveliness. It partook more or less, at the same time, of a soft and lan- 
guishing expression, and, according to Winckelmann, was produced by a 
slight elevation of the lower eyelid. Compare Walker's Analysis of Fe- 
male Beauty, p. 362, and also the remarks of Visconti (Icon. Gr. I. c), 
who thinks that some bright substance was inserted into the bronze in order 
to form the pupil of the eye. — ov SiecpvXarrov, &c, " did not preserve his 
manly and lion-like expression of countenance." 

22-25. nepl Koauuv aneipiac, " (discoursing) about an infinity of worlds." 
— el ovtuv, " since, although there are." — kvbg, agreeing with kocuov un- 
derstood. 

26-34. rbv Adyov, " the son of Lagus." The Ptolemy here alluded to 
was the founder, after Alexander, of the Greek empire in Egypt. Supply 
ww. — K.aTan'kovTi&VTa, "in enriching." — 'Avriyovoc, one of the generals 
of Alexander, and sovereign for a time of a large portion of Asia. — [xaKap- 
ifrvaav avrbv, " who called him a happy man." More literally, " who 
felicitated him." — tovtl to fiaKOc, " this rag here," pointing at the same 
time to it. The Attic form tovtI for tovto, is emphatic and indicative of ges- 
ture. — to diddnua. From the term pdnoc, which precedes, the " diadem," 
in this case, would seem to have been, not a crown, but a species of bandeau, 
adorned probably with golden ornaments and precious stones. (Compare 
the remarks of Bottiger, Sabina, vol. i., p. 132.) — tl dedouiac, &c, " of 
what art thou afraid ? (is it) lest thou alone mayest not hear the trumpet ?" 
i. e., the trumpet which is to give the signal for breaking up and marching. 

Line 1-5. tieuuevoe Tpayudbv, " on beholding a tragic actor (per- A~\ 
form)." The play to which he was listening was the Troades of 
Euripides. (Plut. Vit. Pelop., c. 29.) — kuira&ecrTepov dieTE'&n, &c, "was 
disposed towards compassion in a more feeling manner (than was at all usual 
for him)." — dniuv &x eT0 > " ^ e quickly departed." The verb olxouat is 
used with a participle to express quickness of movement. — deivbv elvac, 
" tkat it is bad (for the continuance of his power)." — togovtovc aizootyal-as 
noXiTac. The idea implied is, that all this was done without any compunc- 
tious feelings on his part. — 'EfcdSnc Kal ILohvijevnc. Hecuba and Polyxena, 
mother and daughter, are two of the characters in the play of Hecuba. 

6-13. fjpxe, equivalent to apxov tjv, and therefore requiring the genitive. 
— Kal oidev av sin, &c, " and there would be no one of the things that 
grow upon the earth." Supply (jyvo/tievuv. — ay tov rfkiov krn'kdu-KovToc, 
" if the sun did not shine on it." The particle uy, not ov, is here employed, 

231 



NOTES ON PAGES 41 AND 42. 

Page 

A\ as being a conditional negative. — idvdvvoe navra, &c, " there is 
danger of all things being wrapped in one general conflagration, and 
destroyed." Literally, "that all things, having been burned together, be 
destroyed." A participle and verb, in Greek, are often best rendered into 
English by two verbs. — ova av avdaxoivro, " they would not be likely to 
endure for an instant." Observe the peculiar force of the aorist (2d aor. 
opt. mid. of avexo)) in denoting instantaneous action. The optative with 
av is used here as a milder expression, instead of dvi^ovrai. 

14-16. hv ttotolc etcvlivdeiTO, " was accustomed to indulge in convivial 
parties" i. e., in drinking bouts. The primitive meaning of KvTuvdelcn&ai 
in the middle voice, " to roll one's self about" connects the figurative 
meaning, here employed, with that of the English verb " to wallow." — ova 
In tjv, " it was no longer possible." tjv is here used for k^qv, and has 
dvva/nic or kgovcia understood. 

20-25. e6ov/ler' av elvai, " he would wish to be." — r/d-ehec. Supply av. 
— kv 'OXvfimddLv. Supply dyuvia/naai. — 6 Knpvaaov. A herald announ- 
ced, at the games, the name of each conqueror, the names of his parents, 
and also the city and state that gave him birth. Dio Chrysostom (Or. 2, 
p. 2, B.) attributes the reply in the text to Alexander the Great. — rrjv /3a/c- 
rnpiav. A staff was the badge of authority with the Spartan generals. 
Compare the remarks of Casaubon, ad Theophrast. Char., c. 5., and of 
Hudson and DuJcer, ad Thucyd., 8, 84. — ■ndra^ov fxev, anovoov oe. The 
force of the aorists, in this admirable reply, is worthy of notice. To an 
English reader, however, their peculiar import is best conveyed by a para- 
phrase : " strike as soon as thou wilt : hear me, however, before thou 
strikest, though it be only for a moment." — "Hidet Se, "for he knew." 
'Hidei is to be pronounced as if written fidei, the i being placed by the side 
of capitals, but under other letters. 

26-28. 'Zept(pcov rtvbc, " a certain Seriphian" i. e., a native of the island 
of Seriphus. — oV avrbv, " on account of himself," i. e., through any merits 
of his own. — bXK ovr* av hyu, &c, " and yet, neither would I be ever il- 
lustrious were I a Seriphian, nor wouldst thou, wert thou an Athenian," 
i. e., because Seriphus is so contemptible an island, that it can never bestow 
any kind of reputation on those who are born in it ; while, on the other 
hand, thou art so contemptible a character, that even wert thou an Athenian, 
the glory of Athens, great as it is, could never bring thee into any notice. 
We have here a bitter sarcasm against both the man and his native island. 
Seriphus and its inhabitants were held in very low estimation by the an- 
cients. The island was poor and rocky, and became, under the Roman 
sway, a place of exile. (Consult Strabo, 10, p. 746. — Isocr. Mgin., p. 386. 
— Hardouin, ad Plin., 4, 22. — Juv. Sat., 6, 564.) — ovre av. Supply av 
eyevov fvdof-oe. 

30-31. hgatTovfievov, " asking for his own advantage." Observe the 
force of the middle. — aSovra rcapa fxelog, " if he sang contrary to melody," 
i. e., by the side of melody ; not as it were in the same direct path, or line, 
with it. The Lyric poets at first were accustomed to chant their own com- 
positions, accompanying themselves on the lyre. 

A<0 Line 2-4. ale vTzorpexovat ^cf/zafd^evcx, " under which persons 
overtaken by a storm run for shelter." The plane-tree (Platanus 
Orientalis of Linnaeus) is remarkable for the breadth of its leaves, and hence 
forms a very convenient shelter. — yevo/j,evng 6e evdiac, " but when it is fair 
weather." More literally, " when fair weather has taken place." — riXkov- 
232 



NOTES ON PAGES 42 AND 43. 

aiv Hal koIovovolv, " pluck their leaves and mutilate them." The 40 
full expression, in Greek, would be, tcXXovgcv avruv rd fyvXka, aal 
kqXqvovgcv avrdg. 

5-13. Iva rpiBuva, " one old cloak." (Consult Perizon., ad JEl. V. H. t 
5, 5.) — sic yvafccov, " to a fuller's shop." As the ancients generally wore 
white garments, the fuller's aid was of course requisite for cleaning them. 
— avrbc, "he himself." There is a pleasing antithesis here. He himself 
staid at home, while his cloak went abroad to the fuller's. — nal KetydXr/v 
ovk execI "and yet it has no head!" — eAsys, "he recommended." — tjjs 
dyopdc. The " market-place," as we are accustomed to translate the term 
ayopd, was the place of public resort, where all business, whether of a pub- 
lic or private nature, was transacted. Some cities had more than one ayopd. 
Athens, for example, had several. (Compare Kuinoel, ad Act. Apost., 17, 
17.) — Ttporepov irplv r), "before that." In a literal translation, nporepov 
qualifies dicaAAaTTEGd-ac, in the sense of " sooner." Thus, " not sooner 
to depart before that," &c. — irpoGiropiaai, " he had added." The particle 
rrpcv takes the infinitive with future actions. {Matthice, G. G., § 522, 2.) 
— ar/re p~adiue evtvxecv, &c, " that he had not easily met with another, 
either knowing more," &c. The adverb fiadiuc has here the same force 
that facile often has in Latin. (Consult Wyttenbach, ad loc. — Plat, de 
red. aud.rat., p. 39, B.) 

15-19. 6ca6An-&£VT0c avru, " having been accused unto him" 1st aor. 
part. pass, of 6ca6aAAu. — wc fiAaG§r\\ir)GavTOc avrbv, " as having calumni- 
ated him." — to aTpdrevfia, " that the army (of every commander)." Ob- 
serve the force of the article. — avvTerdx-d-at, " to be marshalled," perf. infin. 
pass, of GVvrdoGu. The idea of continuance is involved in the perfect 
here, though not expressed in the translation. It is not a mere marshalling, 
but an abiding in that state. — dupaica, "as a corselet." 

21-25. ev T(J hoifiu). Referring to the great pestilence, or plague, that 
ravaged Athens during the Peloponnesian war, and to which he himself 
eventually fell a victim. — dvopetorara, " in a most manly manner." The 
neuter plural of the adjective, accusative case, taken adverbially. — evdv- 
fiorepov, "with more resignation." Literally, " with more cheerfulness." 
The neuter singular of the adjective, accusative case, taken adverbially. — 
elra ovk dyanac, &c, " art thou not content, then, Thudippus, to die in 
company with Phocion 1" As regards the peculiar force of dyaTrdo in this 
passage, consult Viger, Id. 4, 1. Literally, "art thou not content, then, 
dying with Phocion 1" or, " dying, then, with Phocion, dost thou not like it 1" 

27-29. U7) Eporav. Observe the use of the conditional or dependant 
negative fir). The idea involved is, whenever such an occasion might pre- 
sent itself. On the other hand, ovk epurdv would have referred to some 
particular or definite occasion. — 0001, " as many as." Supply togol. 

Line 1-5. rove Kaxovc, "cowards." — kotztovtoc, "annoying." AQ 
Compare note on line 1, page 34. — ml 6}), "and in particular." 
Literally, " and now." These two particles are here employed to usher in 
a specification of what was more generally asserted in the previous part of 
the sentence. — 6, " he that is." Supply uv. — d/uadecc dnoKaXovvTOc., 
"stigmatizing as unlearned." 

9-12. Md rove -&EOVC, " by the gods !" The particle fid neither affirms 
nor denies. When an affirmation is to be expressed, the particle vac, in 
Attic vt), is prefixed : when a negation, the negative ov, ovk, &c. Fre- 
quently, however, neither of these particles appears, but the affirmation or 

U2 233 



NOTES ON PAGE 43. 
Page 

43 negation is discovered from what follows immediately after. — dllnv 
Toiavrrjv. Supply iroltv. — tovc v6f.iove, " his laws." — toIc bliya 
leyovaiv, "to those who say few things." Alluding to the brevity with 
which the Spartans were wont to express themselves. 

14-16. alia jirjv facie, &c., " in very truth we have often chased you" 
&c. Literally, " but certainly," as if the full sentence had been as follows : 
" thou canst not deny what I am going to say ; on the contrary (alia), thou 
must certainly (firjv) confess, that we have often," &c. — vuuc, governed by 
kdiutjapiev understood. — tnro tov Et>pwra. The Cephissus and Eurotas 
were two rivers, the former near Athens, the latter near Sparta. — Evpwra, 
Doric genitive of 'Evpurac. 

17-21. co<j>t,GTov tivoc, " a certain sophist." The allusion appears to 
be in strictness to " a rhetorician," and in this way perhaps the term oo~ 
yiGTov ought here to be rendered. On the confusion prevailing in the use 
of the word go^igtt/c among the ancient writers, consult the remarks of 
Wyttenbach, ad Plut. de am. mult., p. 96, A. — tic yap avrov ipcyci ; " (why 
read), for who fends any fault with him ?" We have here another instance 
of the elliptical use of the particle yap. Supply did ri avayiyvuGKtiv pcl- 
leic ; — KC&apuSov, " a citharozdus." The Ki&apudoc played and sang, the 
Kf&apiGrrjc merely played. (Ammon. de Dijf. voc. s. v. Ki&apic. Compare 
Baehr, ad Herod., 1, 24.) — d lucre, "my very good friend." Ironical. 
Analogous to our English phrase, " my good sir," and to the Latin, o bone ! 
■ — role dya&olc avdp&Giv, "for brave men." — cnaivyCi the subjunctive 
stands here, as the future carat precedes. 

22-24. avrov. The reference is still to Archidamus. — ovk cde^aro, 
" he did not receive it." i. e., he refused to receive it. The present for the 
daughters was to pass through the hands of their father. — (po6ov/j.at fiy irept- 
fteficvai, ccc, " I am afraid, lest my girls, having arrayed themselves in 
this, may appear ugly in my eyes." There is a double meaning in the 
term alaxpai here. The young princesses will appear ugly to their father, 
from the contrast with the beauty of the garment ; and they will also appear 
ugly in a moral sense, from their having arrayed themselves in such idle and 
foolish finery. 

25-27. KaraTTclriKov j3cloc, " a javelin intended for a catapulta." More 
literally, " a javelin suitable for a catapulta." Strictly speaking, the cata- 
pulta was an engine for discharging large and heavy iron javelins ; and 
the ballista one for hurling ponderous stones. About Caesar's time a less 
accurate mode of speaking began to arise, and we then read of catapultas 
for hurling stones as well as javelins. (Consult Lipsius, Poliorcet. 3, dial. 
2.) — aTcoltolev avdpbc apcrd, "manly valour is ruined." More freely, 
{ 'is no longer of avail," 3d sing. perf. indie, mid. of aTrollvfii, with the 
Attic reduplication. — apcrd, Doric for apcrrj. The Spartans used the Doric 
dialect. 

28-36. aKovaai tov ttjv, &c., " to listen to a person who imitated the 
nightingale." Literally, " to listen to him who imitated," &c. — irapnTfj- 
oaTO, " excused himself." More literally, " begged off for himself." — airfe, 
" the bird herself." — KaTnyopovoiv 'AynGildov, " blame Agesilaus." More 
literally, " speak against Agesilaus." The genitive is governed by Kara 
in composition. — o>c Talc avvexeGt, &c, " as having rendered the Thebans, 
by his continued and frequent incursions," &c. The two epithets here are 
not by any means synonymous. The first conveys the idea of inroads, 
between each of which only a short interval occurs, and the second of such 
334 



NOTES ON PAGES 43 AND 44. 

Page 

as are short and rapid in themselves. — avrnrahovc, " a match." — ^.^ 
rerpcofievov, perf. part. pass, of tltpohjko. — KaXa ra didaonaXia 
airo?ia[i6uvEic, " thou art receiving a fine tuition-fee." More literally, " thou 
art receiving thy tuition-fee fine (of its kind)." — Observe the position of 
the article, the force of which is most apparent in the literal rendering. 

Line 1-7. avrjp Ketoc, "a C can man," i. e., a native of the ^4: 
Island of Ceos. — ra /xev uXka aXaQv, "in other respects vain of 
his personal appearance." The true meaning of aXaQv, in this passage, is 
generally misunderstood, and the term is erroneously rendered, " a boaster." 
Its proper force, however, is rendered fully apparent by what follows imme- 
diately after : ydelro 6e kizl r<p yqpa, " he was ashamed, however, of his old 
age," i. e., this operated as a serious drawback upon his vanity. — a<pavi&iv, 
" to hide." — Trape?^cjv ovv, " having come thereupon into the public assem- 
bly." — virep o)v teal acpi/cero, " on account of which he had even come." The 
conjunction is often used in this emphatic manner after the relative. — tc 6' 
uv ovroc, &c, "now, what could- this man utter worthy of reliance." The 
particle tie, in a literal translation, has here the meaning of "but," and 
points to a protasis, or previous clause, understood : as if Archidamus 
had said, " all that we have just heard is very fair in words indeed, but 
what certainty have we that it is truel" — kirl tt) ipvxf], alluding to the wish 
to conceal his gray hairs, which prompted him to have recourse to the dye. 
The practice of dying the hair was regarded as disgraceful, not only by the 
Spartans, but also by most of the other Greeks. (Junius, de coma, c. 7.) 

8-11. KTieojuivnc, the contemporary of Darius Hystaspis. (Perizon., ad 
Ml. V. H., 13. 19.) — Kara tov b.Tn,x<>>pi-ov rpoTrov, "after the manner of 
his country," i. e., with Laconic brevity and. point. — ^iyovra, "since he 
told." — tQv ~EIXcot(jv, "of the Helots." The Helots were the slaves of 
the Spartans, and cultivated the ground. — ug XPV yeopyelv, " how one ought 
to cultivate the ground." The reference is to Hesiod's poem on husbandry, 
entitled "Epya nal 'Hftepat, or " Works and Days." Dio Chrysostom (10, 
2) makes Alexander the Great to have drawn a somewhat similar parallel 
between these two ancient poets. 

12-17. 7n7py#«c bcpdaljutiv tov erepov, " having been deprived of one of 
his eyes." Plutarch (Vit. Lycurg., c. 11) informs us, that this happened 
during a tumult occasioned by the opposition of the rich to the code of 
Lycurgus ; and the individual, who deprived the lawgiver of an eye, was 
Alcander, a young man hasty in his resentments, though not otherwise ill- 
disposed. — tov veavicKov, referring to Alcander. — Tt/nuprjaaLTO, the opta- 
tive, inasmuch as a past participle, Tvapa/ia6tov, precedes. — tovtov, "from 
this," i. e., from inflicting punishment upon the young man. — aTcotyqvae 
avdpa aya&bv, " having made him a good man." Literally, " having 
shown him (away from his former character) as a good man." — to tiiarpov, 
where the people were accustomed to assemble for public business. — fxevroi, 
" as you may well remember." The particle is here employed in a strongly 
affirmative sense, which is best expressed by a paraphrase. 

21-28. irevTaicocna TaXavTa xpveiov. The Attic talent of gold was 
equal to ten thousand five hundred and fifty-five dollars, ninety-three cents, 
of our currency. The whole sum received, therefore, by Pausanias, would 
amount to more than five millions of dollars. This part of the story, how- 
ever, is very probably an exaggeration. — iueTCke irpodidovcu tqv ZirdpTyv, 
"was going to betray Sparta to him." More freely, "meditated the be- 
trayal of Sparta." — tuv kiriGToTi&v, referring to the letters between Pau- 

235 



NOTES ON PAGES 44 AND 45. 

Pa?e 

44 sanias and Xerxes. — rov 7rpo£ip7]/j,svov, "of the before-mentioned 
individual,''' 1 referring to Pausanias. — nept ruv gv/j,6e6j]k6tu)v, " of 

the things that had taken place" i. e., of the intercepting of the letters, and 
the consequent exposure of his son. — rov vlbv fiexP 1 T °v vaov, &c, " joined 
in pursuing his son as far as the temple of the Chalcioecan Minerva." Ob- 
serve the force of gvv in composition. More literally, " pursued his son 
together with (the rest)." — ttjc x a ^ lKl0LK0V 'Atf^vdc. Literally, " of Mi- 
nerva of the brazen abode." The temple in question derived its name, very 
probably, from its being covered within with plates of brass. Compare 
the account which Sir W. Gell gives of the treasury of Atreus, at Mycenae. 
{Argolis, p. 33.) — rov tejuevovc, "of the sacred structure." The term 
rifiEvog is generally applied to the sacred precincts of a temple, which is 
also its primitive signification. — Efxtypat-ac, from E/j.^pdaau . — nal /U//<p rov 
-rrpoSornv clveVKev, " and destroyed the traitor by starvation" 2d aor. indie, 
act. of avaipio. This was the only mode of reducing Pausanias, as the 
temple enjoyed the privilege of an asylum, and could not, of course, be 
forcibly entered. — vnsp tovc opovc spp'tifjEV. A traitor could not be buried 
in his native land. — opovc, accus. plur. of opoc, ov, " a frontier," &c. 

30-34. Svx^eIc, 1st aor. part. pass, of danvo). — uc ovdev egtlv, "how 
there is nothing." — rokfxuv a/u.vvacr&ai, "by daring to defend itself," i. e., 
whenever it is attacked. Observe the force of the aorist. — ol gvv civt£> 
rpiaKOGLOi. Consisting of Spartans and Thespians, especially the former. 
— fiavTEVOfJLEvov. Megistias, the diviner, had, from an inspection of the en- 
trails, before the dawn of the third day, predicted destruction as then 
about to come upon the Greeks. — kv Uvlatc, " at Thermopylae." The 
Greeks called any narrow pass by the name of irvlai (" gates"). The first 
part of the name Thermopylae is derived from the circumstance of there 
being warm saline springs in a part of the pass. Hence at tisp/ial 7rv?,at, 
"the warm gates," or "pass." Herodotus (7, 201) informs us, that they 
who lived in the vicinity of the pass called it merely Hvlai, but that the 
rest of the Greeks styled it QEpfxonvT^ai. The allusion in the text is to the 
famous battle of Thermopylae, where Leonidas and his little band withstood 
for so long a time the immense host of Xerxes. 

45 Line 1-5. rtiv f3ap6dpav, referring to the Persians at Thermopylae. 
The Greeks called all foreign nations "barbarians." The term is, 

in general, equivalent to the English word "foreigner." — ovde egtiv, "it 
is not even possible." egtiv is equivalent here to e^egtlv. In strictness, 
however, there is an ellipsis of dvvafitc or k^ovGia. — x a P iev - Supply xPVf 1 ^ 
Igtcli. — el, "since." — kiuTid-EG'&ai. The reference is still to the battle of 
Thermopylae. — apiGTOiroisZG&ai, " that they should take their morning 
meal." Supply ovtovc before the infinitive. — uc kv adov dEnrvoiTOirfGOfi- 
ivovc, " since they would take their evening repast in the shades." Liter- 
ally, " as being about to take," &c. Observe the construction, the par- 
ticiple agreeing in the accusative with avrovc, understood before apiGro- 
%0LELG-&at, where one would expect dsinvoiroinGotxEvoLC in the dative, as 
agreeing with GTpa,Tiu>TCUc, and nothing understood with uptGTOTroiELG&ai. 
6-13. finripec. In the text of iElian, whence this extract is taken, 
linTEpEC is a nominative absolute, the reading of the next line being alX' 
avTai y£, in place of avral. The present lection, however, obviates the 
necessity of such a construction. — avral a<piKo/j.Evai, " having come in per- 
son," i. e., to the field of battle. — to, te tp:7rpoG$£v, &c. Supply ovtcc with 
both EfnrpoG&Ev and 6tug$ev respectively. — to. kvavTia, "those in front," 
i. e., on the breast. Literally, " the opposite ones." — yavpovuEvai, "with 
236 



NOTES ON PAGES 45 AND 46. 

Pag* 

a proud air." — el 6e erepuc elxov, &c, " but if the case were other- z[£ 
wise with their wounds" i. e., if the wounds on the back were more 
numerous. Literally, " but if they had themselves otherwise with respect 
to their wounds." With elxov, for a literal translation, supply eavrovc. 
— uc eve fj.d2.LOTa, "as much as possible." In this form of expression, evi 
stands for eveort, which-is itself idiomatic, and takes the place, as such, of 
the imperfect. — "XaSeZv, " to escape observation." — Karakirxovoai rove veic- 
povc, &c, " having left the dead (for others) to inter in the public cemetery" 
Jacobs supplies uore with ■frdipat, but for this there is no necessity whatever. 
— rj, " or else." 

17-20. vrrofiv7]o-&rjoec, "thou wilt be reminded," 2d sing. 1st fat. indie, 
pass, of vTvouLjivfjOnco, with the Attic termination. — 57 ravrav rj kirl ravra, 
" either this, or upon this." More literally, " either bring back this, or be 
brought back slain upon this." Supply (pipe with ravrav, and tyepov 
with £kl ravra. The forms ravrav and ravra are Doric for ravrnv and 
ravrv, the Doric dialect having been spoken by the Lacedaemonians. — It 
was esteemed most disgraceful to leave or throw away one's shield on the 
field of battle. Hence the highest testimonial of valour was to bear away 
the dead or wounded from the battle-field on their own shields. 

21-22. uc uovat, &c. The particle 6c is not to be translated here, but 
is equivalent merely to the inverted commas in English. — uovat yap, 
" (naturally enough), for we alone," &c. yap points here to something that 
precedes and is understood, which we have supplied by the words " natu- 
rally enough." Compare note on line 24, page 35. 

25-33. tuv ef 'A//0£7r6Aewf, " of the inhabitants of Amphipolis." Bra- 
sidas fell in defending this city against the Athenians, during the Pelopon- 
nesian war. — firj ?ieyere, "say not so." Supply rovro. — rzevre ovrac, 
" being five in number." — rl drco6rjootTo, "what would result," i. e., the 
result. — rrv&ouevnc a-n^yyetke, " announced on her having inquired of him." 
"With Trw&ouevnc, the genitive absolute, supply avrriq. The inquiry made 
by the Spartan mother was a general one, "how goes the day!" The 
person to whom this was directed, answered it by a special reference to her 
own sons, conceiving her to be most interested in the fate of these. - 

Line 1-4. akX ov rovro, &c, " vile slave, replied she, vihy I did ^.g 
not ask about this, but how my country fares." Observe the force of 
the initial aXka. — tprjoavroc. Supply avrov. — ore vina, " she is victorious." 
on here is equivalent merely to the inverted commas in English. — aouevv 
Toivvv, &c., "gladly, then, do I hear even the death of my sons." Literally, 
" do I receive," &c. aafievn is here equivalent to aauivuq. 

5—13. rpo&elc, from tltouokcj. — atoxwouevc) 6' avr€>, &c, " to him 
thereupon, ashamed of his ridiculous plight, his mother said." — udTCkov 
yeyrf&evat, " to rejoice rather." The adverb p.dXlov sometimes appears 
along with the comparative in Greek. [Matthia, G. G., § 458.) — oeuvv- 
vouevnc, "priding herself." — 'IwiKJjg, The Ionians were remarkable for 
effeminacy and love of display. — KoouLcordrovg, "most orderly in deport- 
ment." — ercaipecdaL. Supply Selv. 

15-20. 'A-pcorayopov rov IsWknciov, &c, "when Aristagoras, the Mile- 
sian, was urging him," &c. avrbv refers to Cleomenes. — irpbc fiaGiMa, 
"against the King of Persia." Consult note on line 27, page 35. The 
reference is to Darius Hystaspis. — vmaxvovuevov, " promising at the same 
time." — Kal oaa) avreXeye, &e., "and adding more, the more the other 
opposed the step." More literally, "the more the other spoke against the 

237 



NOTES ON PA.GES 46 AND 47. 

Page 

AQ measure." The full form of expression in Greek would be, oop 
iz%eiova knelvoc avTeXeye, roao) trTieiova npoGTf&evTog. — to %evv?i- 
%wv, " this naughty stranger." The language of a child, Gorgo being at 
the time about eight or nine years of age, as Herodotus informs us (5, 51). 
— tuxiov, " quickly." Apparently the comparative for the positive ; but in 
reality the true and strict comparative, as will appear from a paraphrase ; 
"more quickly than you appear to be now doing." — rbv 'Aptarayopav, 
" this same Aristagoras" The article here denotes renewed mention. — 
imodovfievov, " getting his sandals put on." Literally, " getting sandalled," 
if we may coin the term. 

22-30. 6 Zevtjic, "the celebrated Zeuxis." — ofioloytb hv TtoXkij xP° V( t> 
ypu<f>eiv, " I acknowledge that I am a long time in painting." Liter- 
ally, " that I paint in a long time." Observe the absence of the pronoun 
before the infinitive, the reference being to the same person indicated by 
ofioTioyCo. — nal yap etc ttoXvv, "and no wonder, since I paint for a long 
time" i. e., for after ages. The point of the reply is best preserved, if we 
translate the previous clause literally, " that I paint in a long time," to 
which for a long time will stand opposed. — ol "E<j>opoi, "the Ephori." 
Spartan magistrates, who watched over the constitution of the state, and 
had the superintendence also of public morals. They were five in number, 
and their power, in some respects, was superior to that of the kings. — rov 
hocnov, "for the time to come." Supply xpovov. — (pepetv yap avrov to 
eldoc, "for that his appearance, and the condition of his frame, carried with 
them disgrace to both Lacedcemon and its laws." 

31-32. 7iV(j)d-elc, from ?iafj,6avo. — ital avoTad-eig avTcp, " and having been 
brought before him" from avviarnfit. — kneivov napa ttotov, &c, " the latter 
growing arrogant over his cups, and asking," &c. The participle ae/i- 
vvvofiivov, as here employed, is an instance of what the grammarians term 
Zeugma, and includes, in effect, the words nai MyovToc, or kportivroc. 

A 7 Line 1-3. rj evyiveia ical inrepoxv, "the lofty sentiments and the 
superiority." — 'Adnvaiidv. This and the other genitive, Matcedovov, 
are governed by eaTpaTijyei, which is equivalent, in fact, to OTparnybc fjv. 
— Xdpnc, the general of the Athenians in the battle of Chaeronea. His 
ignorance and incapacity mainly contributed to the loss of the day. 

4-5. 6 t&v jieXtiv TcoLVTtjg, " the Lyric poet." Literally, "the maker of 
Lyric pieces " — ftacuTiioc. Pausanias was only a general, and the guar- 
dian of Plistarchus, then a minor, who died before he came to the throne, 
and who was succeeded by Plistoanax, the son of Pausanias. This last- 
mentioned individual, therefore, is only called " king" by courtesy, as being 
of the royal family, and cousin to Plistarchus ; unless we prefer translating 
the term fiaoikevc by " regent," which perhaps would be more correct. 
This same title of (3aai?ievc is applied to Pausanias, however, by other 
writers also ; as, for example, by Thucydides (1, 107), Plutarch (Consoi, ad 
Apollon., p. 182, ed. Steph.), Suidas (s. v. TLavaaviac), and the scholiast 
to Aristophanes (Equit., 84). 

6-13. nal nehevovToe fiera xfovacrftov, " and bidding the other, with an 
air of scornful derision." — avvelc, " Simonides, having perceived." — 6 ye- 
vofjievoc, &c, "who was one of the thirty tyrants" &c. Literally, "who 
had become," &c. — ev6aifx,ovi0jj,evoc, " being felicitated." — etc Tiva naipbv, 
"for what occasion." — K,aTatjTpe6?iG)&elc, " having been put to the rack." 
This addition to the story is untrue. ./Elian makes him to have drunk 
238 



NOTES ON PAGE 47. 

Page 

hemlock merely, and says nothing of the torture. (Consult Wytten- AfJ 
bach, ad loc. — Pint. ConsoL, ad Apoll., 105, B.) 

15-20. ev TiGiv ansyvioGfievaLc Repair elate, " in some desperate cures," 
perf. part. pass, of aTroytyvuGKu. — kireKX^n, from eircKaXeo). — <j>opTiKuc 
ravrn, &.c, " making use of this same title in a burdensome maimer," i. e., 
in a manner so annoying to others, that they could with difficulty endure it. — 
Kal 6rj To'Apr/aavTOc, " and having even had the assurance." The true force 
of Kal 6tj is most apparent in a paraphrase : " and having now carried his 
vanity so far, as even to dare." — MeveKparnc Zevc, &c, " Menecrates, Jove, 
to Agesilaus the king, greeting." An imitation of the form usually ob- 
served in the beginning of letters. The infinitive x ai P eLV i m such a case 
as the present, is said, by the writers on ellipsis, to be governed by evxofiai 
or evxerai understood. The more correct doctrine, however, was first 
given by Schoetgen, and afterward confirmed by Schaeffer (ad Bos. Ellips., 
s. v. evxeod-at), according to which, the form x a ' L P EiV m letters, and other 
forms of a similar kind, are infinitives, put absolutely for imperatives. — 
vycalvstv, "a sound mind." Literally, "health," meaning to imply, that 
a disordered frame had produced a corresponding aberration of intellect, 
and wishing him therefore health both of body and mind, but more particu- 
larly the latter. (Compare Gierig, ad Piut., Lac. Apophth., p. 213.) As 
regards the construction of vytalvetv, consult the previous note. 

21-25. elc tocsovtov rvebov, " to such a degree of conceit." — eavrbv bvo- 
fid^etv Ala. This is iElian's account (V. H., 12, 51). According to Plu- 
tarch's version of the story, as given in the preceding passage, the title in 
question was bestowed upon him by others. — 6 $1?u7T7toc, " the celebrated 
Philip." The article is here emphatic. The father of Alexander the 
Great is meant. — Kal drj Kal, " and in particular." — ettI d-oiunv, " to a 
banquet." — 161a, "by itself." — irape&r/Ke, "placed before him." This is 
rendered according to modern customs. The literal meaning is, " placed 
beside him," the guests anciently reclining lengthwise on couches placed 
around the table. — Kal kd-vfuaTo avru, " and burned incense unto him." 
The middle voice here implies that it was done for the king's secret amuse- 
ment. As, however, the previous tenour of the story makes this apparent 
enough already, it is very probable that the true reading is that given by 
the Sluisken MS., namely, Kal kd-vfuaro avroc, ol 6e lotirol, &c, making 
k.&vp.LUTo passive. By another, but less elegant construction, ktivfiiaTO 
in our text may be taken impersonally : " incense was burned unto him." 

27-30. Tap.lv jrpura, "at first." Accusative plural taken adverbially. 
— Kara. piKpbv, "by degrees." Literally, "by little (and little)." — Kal 
rfkiyxero, " and he felt convinced." Middle voice. — Kal ravra, "and that 
too." — a,7no)v uxero, "he departed abruptly." olxopac with a participle 
denotes haste, or abruptness of movement. — v6pta&ai, " that he had been 
insulted," pluperf. infin. pass, of v6pi&. — kfipe?Mc ttuvv eKKa?.vipavroc, 
"having very neatly exposed." The adjective hpiieXrjc, whence hp\j.eXuc 
is derived, is sometimes employed by the Greek writers to indicate a neat 
and graceful turn of wit. Hence the peculiar force of the adverb in the 
present passage. Compare the remarks of Ruhnken (ad Longin., p. 261), 
as cited by Heindorf (ad Plat. Thecetet. p. 79). 

32-34. Ttapadot-ov evoavae pavlav, "laboured under a strange kind of 
madness." More literally, " was afflicted with." The intransitive verb 
voaeu takes the accusative fiaviav, the latter being regarded as a species 
of cognate noun, not indeed in form, but in its general reference to malady. 

239 



NOTES ON PAGES 47 AND 48. 

Pas ° 

4-7 — r ° « <m '> " th e city" Athens is here meant, to which the term 

darv is often thus applied by way of excellence or distinction. — 
Kai Kare?i-&uv Etc rbv Heipata, " and having gone down to the Piraus." 
The Piraeus was the main one of the three harbours of Athens. The names 
of the other two were Munychia and Phalerum. — hvrav-&a oikuv. The 
Piraeus was a town, as it were, of itself, and thickly inhabited. It was 
connected with Athens by what were called the Long Walls. — rd narai- 
povra kv avru, "which entered and came to anchor in it." Observe the 
additional idea implied by kv avrC). To enter a harbour, with the intention 
of remaining only a short time, is expressed in Greek by Karaipeiv sic 'Ki- 
fieva, and so the phrase is used by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (A. R., 1, 
53), when speaking of the short visit paid by the fleet of iEneas to the 
harbour named by the Trojans Misenum. But KaraipeLv kv Xtfievi, is to 
enter a harbour and remain there some time, for the purpose of unloading, 
&c. As regards the true force of Karaipu, consult the remarks of Hem- 
sterhuis, ad Luc. Jud. Voc, 1. 

35-36. nal aTreypatyero avrd, " and he kept a register of them.' 1 '' Liter- 
ally, " he wrote them off for himself." — av ndhiv, "again anew." — role 
Treptau^o^Evotg, " at those which were saved from shipwreck." Equivalent 
to role au^oiievoLc wore 7repielvai. 
/J.g Line. 1-5. avvointiv ru apputarqiiari tovtg), " holding communion 

with this malady," i. e., labouring under it. The verb ovvoikeu is 
often joined, in a similar way, with /ca/ccj, At>7r??, <j>66(f), and the like. Com- 
pare the remarks of Jacobs, ad Achill. Tat., p. 433. — avax&eic, " having 
sailed," from dvdyu, the passive for the middle. — ovtuc, " upon this." 
Equivalent to the Latin hoc facto. — k/ne/ivnTo Se Tro/lAa/ac, &c, " he often, 
however, called to mind the life led by him in his insane state." More 
literally, " his stay in madness :" k/xe/nvvro is the pluperf. indie, pass, of 
jxifivrjaKU), in a middle sense. 

7-12. EvrjfiepficavTa Iduv, &.c, "when he saw Alcibiades (on one oc- 
casion), after having gained his point, and in the act of being escorted home, 
ivith great honour, from the public assembly." evvfisprjuavra may be more 
literally rendered, " having had a fortunate day of it," i. e., with the people. 
The primitive meaning of the verb evn/iepio) has reference, according to 
Phrynichus, to serenity of sky ; and it is then, by an elegant figure, applied 
to private and public affairs. (Compare Ellendt, Lex. Soph., s. v.) — oxyirep 
eltJ&Ei. rove aklovc. Supply TrapeXd-elv nal knnTiiveLV. — eii ye ttoluc av- 
t-o/Lievoc, &c., " thou dost well indeed, my son, in (thus) increasing thy 
popularity." Literally, "in increasing thyself," i. e., thy influence with 
the people. — av^si, " thou art (at the same time) increasing," i. e., thou 
wilt, one day or other, be the cause of. — tinacc tovtolc, referring to the 
crowd that formed his escort. 

14-19. krcl tu> elvai, "for being." — Kai firjv, "why in truth." — apxe- 
rai, "begins," i. e., to be conspicuous. — ipdXryc 'Avnyovo) kTredeiKwro, 
"a harper was giving a specimen of his skill to Antigonus." More lit- 
erally, "was showing himself off." eirEdeifcvvTO is the imperf. pass, in 
a middle sense. As regards the force of kTvidELKvvfit, in the middle, 
in relation to those who give a specimen of their skill in any depart- 
ment, such as music, oratory, &c, consult the remarks of Fischer, in 
the Index to Theophrastus, s. v. — rrjv vtjrnv kma^ty^ov, " tighten the 
lower string :" £Tvia(f>ty^ov refers literally to a grasping, and consequent 
tightening, of the string. In the Greek musical scale, the two extremes 
were the vjjttj and the vnarn, or lowest and highest strings, the former 
240 



NOTES ON PAGES 48 AND 49. 

Page 
yielding the sharpest, the latter the gravest tone. We must bear in zj.g 
mind, however, that, in the musical nomenclature of the Greeks, the 
terms "highest" and "lowest," as applied to the strings of an instrument, 
had reference merely to their position, not to their tone, being thus directly- 
opposed to the modern way of speaking in musical matters. (Pint., Plat. 
Qucest., p. 1008.) — firj yevoiro aot, &c, " may it never turn out so badly 
for thee, oh king, as to know these things more accurately than I do," i. e., 
never may so great a misfortune befall thee, as that thou shouldst become 
a more skilful musician than I am, for thou canst only become such by 
laying aside the crown and descending to the walks of private life. 

20-26. ruv uXImv, "of all." — kv gvvoSg), "in company," i. e., while 
mixing in society. — rj TLv&ayopiKq (piXocrotyoc, " the female Pythagorean." 
— qaAaupa ovaa, "although bald." — irpov-&VK£, contracted for izpot&TjKe. 
— a/ietvov, "better {than the rest)." 



NATURAL HISTORY. 

28-30. to 7rAaroc, " of the breadth." Accusative of nearer definition. — 
T^ewc. The sheep here referred to belong to the class ovis laticaudata of 
naturalists, having the tail long, and swelled out at the sides by an accu- 
mulation of fat in the cellular tissue. This singular modification is the 
result, according to Buffon, of a great abundance of nourishment. Trav- 
ellers inform us, that, in some parts of Eastern Africa, the tails of the sheep 
are so long as to prove actually burdensome to the animal, and to require 
to be supported on a kind of moveable framework, or small carriage. 
(Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. si., p. 268.) — o-rudafiTJc nal TraAatarfjc, " of a span 
and four fingers' 1 length." The unit of linear measure adopted by the 
Greeks, was the foot (-kovc), of which the danrvAoe, or finger's breadth, was 
one sixteenth, and the TzaAatarrj, or palm, one fourth. The o-Kudajiri, or 
span, equalled twelve 6uktvaol, and is defined by Hesychius to be the 
distance from the extremity of the thumb to that of the little finger, when 
the hand is opened with the view of grasping or measuring any object. 
{Wurm, dc Pond., &c, p. 90.) — nal eviat ovufta/Jkovoi, &c, "and some 
strike their ears, as they hang down, against one another," i. e., and in 
some, the ears, as they hang down, are brought into contact by the move- 
ments of the animal. Long ears, hanging laterally, are one of the types of 
the capra aigagrus, or wild goat, that inhabits the mountains of Caucasus, 
and the large chain which traverses Persia and Candahar, and joins the 
Himmalayan range. The capra cegagrus is the parent source of the do- 
mestic goat, and, among these, of the species described in the text. 

Line 1-4. Kspdarnv Kptbv. The elephant's antipathy to the ram AQ 
rests on the authority of no other writer but JElian, from whose 
History of Animals the extract in the text is made (1, 38. Compare 
Schneider, ad loc). — x 0L P 0V fi V v > " the cry of the hog." Seneca (de Ira, 
2, 12) corroborates the remark of -Elian : " elephantes porcina vox terret." 
(Compare Plut., de Sol. Am., p. 981.) — (pam, " they say." Supply avSpu- 
ttol. — cvv UvppCf) t£) 'IlrreipiJTri, "with Pyrrhus the Epirot," i. e., in the 
army of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. This monarch was invited over by the 
Tarentines to aid them against the Romans. — rj vlkv, &c. The story here 
told is false, for two reasons. I. There were only two battles between the 

X 241 



NOTES ON PAGE 49. 

Pa?e 

A Q Romans and Pyrrhus, in both of which, according to Plutarch, the 
former were defeated (Vit. Pyrrh., c. 17, 21): and, II. The Ro- 
mans only saw elephants for the first time, in the army of Pyrrhus, in Lucania, 
and were so ignorant of their true nature and character, as actually to call 
them " Lucanian oxen,'''' the ox being the largest animal with which they 
had up to this time been acquainted. (Plin., 8, 6.) It would certainly re- 
quire some previous knowledge of the habits of the elephant to enable one 
to understand its peculiar antipathies. 

5-11. Tia/xBdvei yap, &c. The order is, iibvov yap ruv £6ov lafj.6a.vei, 
&c, " for it alone of animals takes," &c. — teal etc to crofxa, &c. Hence 
the Greek name often applied to the trunk, namely, TTpo6ocK.ie (proboscis), 
or " fore-feeder." from izpo and (36gkcj. — ^avfiaarov baov, " to a surprising 
degree." Literally, " it is surprising how much." Supply eari after -&av- 
fiaoTov, and compare the Latin immane quantum. 

12-13. ern rcleto t&v diaKoaccov, " more than two hundred years." 
Literally, " more years than two hundred." The genitive is required here 
by the comparative nXeio, and the article t&v marks the sum, but is not 
translated. Other accounts, still more marvellous, are given by some of the 
ancient writers respecting the age of the elephant. Onesicritus, for example, 
as quoted by Strabo (15, p. 705, Cas.), makes this animal live three hun- 
dred years. Some few, according to him, even reach five hundred years. 
He also informs us, that the elephant is strongest in its two hundredth 
year ! — Aristotle makes the period of gestation, in the case of the elephant, 
to be two years ; which is very near the truth, the correct time being twenty 
months. (G. Cuvier, ad Plin., 8, 10.) — tuv Al6vk&v, the genitive again, 
with the comparative. 

15-17. 6LavLaTa.jj.evoL, " standing upright." The force of did cannot 
well be expressed here in a translation, except in one bordering on para- 
phrase. It implies a distending of the legs, and, consequently, an enlarge- 
ment of the base, in order to gain more strength, and it shows, at the same 
time, the instinct of the animal. — nal velv. Strabo, from whom this is taken, 
has velv re naHicra. Pliny (8, 10) denies that the elephant can swim ; 
but this, of course, is erroneous. (Compare Cuvier, ad loc.) 

18-20. noXk&v elecpdvTuv 7rpodidao-K.ofj.evov, &c, " when a large number 
of elephants were getting drilled to place themselves in certain bold postures, 
and to go again and again through complicated movements." Literally, 
"many elephants getting taught beforehand," &c, i. e., before exhibiting 
in public. — dvaKVKlelv. Reiske is wrong in making avaKvuXelv KLvrjaeLC 
refer to circular movements ("gyros"). The verb is merely used here by 
Plutarch in its secondary meaning of " to repeat," or " to go over the same 
thing again and again." (Compare Plut., ConsoL, ad Ap., p. 106, and Lu- 
cian, Nigrin., 6.) 

21-22. aKOvuv nanibc endoTore, " being scolded on every occasion," i. e., 
at every drilling. More literally, "being called hard names," i. e., block- 
head, dunce, &c. The primitive meaning of the phrase would be, " hearing 
himself spoken ill of." — Sxfr&jj vvktoc, &c, "was seen at night practising 
his lessons alone, of his own accord, by the light of the moon." The pro- 
noun avToc is here equivalent to fiovog. Compare Heyne, ad B., 8, 99, 
and Valcfcenaer, ad Eurip., Phozn., 1245. On many occasions avroc and 
fiovoc both appear, and Homer (Od., 14, 450) joins avrog and oloe. 

23-24. virb tuv iraidapLuv, " by the boys," i. e., the schoolboys in the 
streets. — tolc ypa<peioLC, "with their styles." The style (stylus) was 
242 



NOTES ON PAGES 49 AND 50. 

Page 

of iron, and was used for writing on waxen tablets, plates of brass or AC) 
lead, leaves of trees, &c. It was, in fact, a kind of iron pencil, sharp 
at one end and round or flat at the other. The round or flat end was used 
for smoothing over the wax anew, previous to writing ; or, in other words, 
for obliterating what had been previously written. 

26-28. STzidotjoc rjv aTroTV/nravicreLv, " was thought to be about to destroy 
him." The literal meaning of aTtoTv/xTravi^u is " to kill, or injure severely, 
by beating." In the present case it has reference to a dashing on the 
ground, which it was thought the boy would experience from the elephant. 
This same verb is sometimes employed with the general signification of 
"to kill in any way." Compare the remarks of Casaubon, ad Athen., 4, 
p. 154, c. — arpifia irpbc rrjv yrjv, &c, " he quietly placed him down again 
on the ground," i. e., he put him down again on his feet, the verb indica- 
ting a placing down firmly or securely. — dpnovoav rjyovjiEVOC Sckvv, &c, 
" thinking it a sufficient punishment for one of such an age to be frightened," 
i. e., for a boy. A grown up person would have been handled more severely. 

30-34. dXka re -&avp.data, &c, " they relate both many other wonderful 
things, and {especially) those which concern their crossing of rivers." — 
errtSovc eavrov, "having intrusted himself to the stream." Supply r<p 
7coTa/j.(f). — ol 6e iarcoreg ano'&eupovGLV, " while the rest, standing on the 
bank, observe his movements from it." The compound arro'&eupovatv is 
equivalent here to and rfjc yfjc -&Eupovaiv. — uc, av ekelvoc VTcepatpr), &c, 
" (thinking) that if he, by his large size, overtop the stream, there is a great 
abundance of security unto the larger ones, as regards their confiding in the 
river," i. e., the larger ones may confide securely in their ability to cross. 
We have here the particle 6c with the accusative absolute, and, in order to 
seize the full sense of this concise mode of expression, we must in transla- 
ting insert some word or words. 

Line 1-8. uvaBdvrec, "the hunters having mounted." Supply £Q 
•Qrjparal. — nal avdpeiuv, " and courageous ones." — oi&kovgi, "pur- 
sue the wild elephants." Supply rovq dypiovc. — tvttteiv, " to keep striking 
them," i. e., the wild elephants. Supply avrovc. — rovroic, referring to the 
tame elephants, and governed by irpoardrrovat. — ETaTzndrjO'ag, " having 
leaped on (the back of one of the wild ones)." Supply uyptov. — eitl6e6- 
tjkotoc, from em6aivco. — ol jiev, ol 6' ov, " some are gentle, others are not." 
The full sentence would be, ol fiev ■npaelg elglv, ol 6' ov rrpaelc elaiv. — 
tCov kt;aypLov{j.evG)v, " of the very fierce ones." 

10-17. and rov avfj.6e6rjKOTog, "from its peculiarity." Literally, " from 
what has occurred to it," i. e., in its peculiar formation. So also, rd avp;~ 
6e6nKora signify " the attributes" of a thing. — ttjv de %poav Trv^oeidfj. Stra- 
bo, on the contrary (16, p. 774, ed. Cas.), asserts that their colour resembles 
that of the elephant. He refers evidently to the Indian rhinoceros. ( Cuvier, 
ad Plin., 8, 29.) — tyEpei KEpac. There are two grand classes of the rhi- 
noceros ; those, namely, with two horns, and those with but one. The 
two-horned rhinoceros is a native of Africa and also of Sumatra ; the single- 
horned one is found in India and Java. — rw TrpoetprjiiEvu dnpiu, referring 
to the elephant. 

23-26. 6 KaTiovfievoe tiriroe, "what is called the river-horse." Supply 
nord/uoc after "ltcttoc. The ancient writers are very inaccurate in their 
description of the hippopotamus, and, what is very little to their credit, 
appear to have taken no pains to correct the errors in question, even when 
the means for so doing were afforded them. It is surprising, in particular, 

243 



NOTES ON PAGES 50 AND 51. 

Fage 

5Q that Pliny's account should be so inaccurate, as several of these 
animals had been exhibited at Rome. — dixnloc, TrapaTrXnaicog toic 
fiovol. This is incorrect. Abdollatiff describes the animal as having its 
foot divided, like that of a camel, into four parts, each furnished with a hoof, 
and the drawing given by Wilkinson (vol. hi., p. 71) from an Egyptian 
painting confirms this. Compare also Cuvier, ad Plin., 8, 39, who thinks 
that the ancient naturalists, in some parts of their description, confounded 
the hippopotamus with the gnou. — rtJv dypiov vtiv, " than those of wild 
boars." — rpelc k% a/i(j>OTEpo)v, &c. This is incorrect. The hippopotamus 
has four cutting-teeth in each jaw, those in the lower jaw straight, and 
pointing forward nearly horizontally, the two middle ones being the longest. 
The canine teeth, or tusks, are four in number, those in the upper jaw 
short, those in the lower jaw very long and obliquely truncated. — ura. The 
ears of the animal are small, pointed, and lined with fine short hairs. — 
nepnov. The tail of the animal is not like that of the horse, but is, on the 
contrary, short, slightly compressed, and almost bare. — tyidvrjv. Some 
modern travellers, also, compare the cry of the animal to the neighing of a 
horse. Others, however, more correctly represent it as a very loud noise, 
between the bellowing of an ox and the roaring of an elephant. — Itttto) napeft- 
tyepr}, " somewhat like those of a horse." 

26-32. to 6' okov kvtoc tov oufiaroe, " while the whole cavity of the 
body." — kXecpavri, " to that of an elephant." In figure, the hippopotamus 
more closely resembles an unwieldy ox than any other animal. — ioxvpoTa- 
tov. The natives of Africa, at the present day, convert the hide, which is 
very thick, into shields. Pliny (8, 39) states, that it was employed for a 
similar purpose by the ancient inhabitants of the country, and also for hel- 
mets, being quite impenetrable after having been steeped in water. — nara- 
VEfieTaL tov re gltov, &c. Although the hippopotamus is an inhabitant of 
the waters, his food is entirely of a vegetable character, and in searching 
for this he commits wide devastation through all the adjoining country. On 
the banks of the Nile, he often defeats the hopes of the husbandman ; whole 
fields of grain and sugarcane being destroyed, not only to satisfy his appe- 
tite, but also trampled down by his great weight. 

/^2 Line 1-5. id tov ex ova h &c., " have, as peculiar to themselves, 
beyond all other animals, what is called," &c. — diadepovct 6e, &c. 
The distinction here mentioned is perfectly correct. The single-hump 
camel is commonly called the dromedary. — Sena fiijvac. The correct time 
is twelve months. — ev fiovov, " one at a birth." Modern naturalists coincide 
in the truth of this remark. — irevTr/novTa ern. The camel attains the full 
exercise of its functions within four or five years, and the duration of its life 
is from forty to fifty. 

7-10. KvvotcetyaTioi. The Cynocephali of the ancients were a species of 
large baboon, with elongated, dog-like head, fiat and compressed cheeks, 
projecting and strong teeth, and a forehead depressed below the level of 
the superior margins of the orbits. Notwithstanding this close approxima- 
tion to the shape of the dog's head, the form and position of the eyes, com- 
bined with the similarity of the arms and hands, give to these creatures a 
resemblance to humanity as striking as it is disgusting. — rale 6e (fxovalc, 
&c, "while, in their cries, they emit human mutterings." The words 
rale <j>G)valc are merely inserted in order to make an antithesis with role au- 
fiaaiv. — uypMrara dc ravra, &c. The whole aspect of the animal, an- 
swering to the ancient cynocephalus, impresses the beholder with an idea 
of great physical strength, united with a temper at once incorrigibly vicious 
244 



NOTES ON PAGES 51 AND 52. 

Pa^a 

and brutally ferocious. The baboon is capable of being ruled only 5 4 
by the severest treatment. 

11-15. uponoTTag. Artemidorus (Strab., 16, p. 774, Cas.), Diodorus 
Siculus (3, 35), and Agatharchides (ap. Phot, cod., 250, c. 39), agree in 
making the crocottas to be produced from the wolf and dog, and in repre- 
senting it as more ferocious than either of these animals. But the coupling 
of the wolf and dog, though easy, and often effected in menageries, at the 
present day, produces no durable species. It is more probable, therefore, 
that the crocottas answers to the hyena, since the latter has very strong 
teeth, and breaks bones with the greatest ease. The earliest passage re- 
specting the crocottas is found in Ctesias (Indie, c. 32), and the description 
there given is almost the same with that by which the Oriental writers des- 
ignate the hyena. (Cuvier, ad Plin., 8, 30.) — 13. tt&vtov, " all animals" 
Supply &ov. — izdv boTuv jjiiye'&og, "all the largest bones." Literally, 
"every large size of bones." Equivalent to iravra nal ra fci-ytara bard. 
— to naraTzod-bv, "what is swallowed," from Karairivio, 1st aor. part. pass. 

16-22. Trayevra, 2d aor. part. pass, of itjjyvvfti. — vrrdyovaa. Supply 
7] ako-Kn^. — TcapaSdAAet, " applies." — nav fiev aicd-rjTai, &c, " and if she 
perceive, by the sound, the stream flowing near under the ice ;" alahrjTat 
is the 2d aor. subj. mid. of ala&dvo/iai. Observe also the force of v-rro in 
the compound verb VTroQepo. — fiy yeyovevai, &c, " that the ice is not thick." 
More literally, "that the freezing has not been through any depth." — nav 
kd rig, "jind if one permit her," i. e., if no one prevent. — r<p 6e fiy ijjo<j>elv, 
&c, "while, on the other hand, taking courage from the stream's not 
making any noise, she crosses over." More freely, " while, on the other 
hand, if the stream make no noise under the ice, she crosses over boldly." 
— dL7j7j&£v. Observe the force of the aorist, as referring to what is usual 
or habitual, and requiring to be rendered, therefore, by the English present. 

25-27. oTav alcr&uvTat (Sapelg ovreg, " whenever they perceive themselves 
to be incommoded." More literally, "to be heavy," i. e., in their move- 
ments. Observe the nominative after aX(f&G>vfai; as referring to the same 
person that is implied by the verb.- — r<p Aav&dvetv, " by concealment." 
Literally, " by the lying concealed." — t& (jisvyeiv, " in flight," L e., in 
their means of escape. 

Line 1-10. xepcaiov. This epithet is added for distinction' 59 
sake, the marine echini being what naturalists call the sea- egg. 
Hence, ^ep<ra?oc hxlvog means, literally, " a land echinus," i. e., " a hedge 
hog." — ixdvv yXaQvpa tan, " is very pretty" — fiEToirupov, genitive of time. 
— irepinvAio&elg, " having rolled himself into a ball." Passive for the 
middle. — dva?Mp:6dvet,, " he takes them up" i. e., the grapes. Supply 
avrdg, as referring back to pdyag. — nal ?ia/j.6dvetv, &c, " and to take them 
from him, dividing them among one another." More freely, " in order to 
divide them," &c. Observe the force of the middle voice in Ta/Lt.ievo/j,£voig. 
The whole story here related is untrue. Equally untrue is the aecount, 
that they ascend fruit-trees, and come down with apples, pears, &c, stuck 
upon their bristles. — to 6e koltoZov, &c. This is also untrue.- — ttjv Ka-f 
dvEjiov, " the one that faces the wind." Supply ovaav biryv. 

12—14. necpovevfievov, " of a murdered person." Literally, " of one who 
had been murdered :" pluperf. part. pass, of (povevu. — Tjfiepav EKeivrjv, &c, 
" that he (the dog) was remaining for this the third day without food, by 
the side (of the corpse), and had not left it for an instant." Observe the 
continued action indicated by the imperfect infinitive, Trapajievsiv, the force 

X2 245 



NOTES ON PAGES 52 AND 53. 

Page 

52 °f ™ a PQ- m composition, and the force of the aorist in aiiolntelv. — 
ekeIevge ddipai, "he gave orders to inter." — pe& kavrov, " along 
with him,'''' i. e., in charge of one of his attendants. 

15-22. k^eraaic, " an inspection." — nal ndpodoc, &c, " andapassing in 
review, the king being seated at the time," i. e., a marching-review before the 
king, who was seated. — Kadnfj,ivov, genitive absolute. — napcovrac, "passing 
by," i. e., marching by in review. — kgedpafie, "he rushed forth." Observe 
the quickness of action indicated by the aorist : 2d aor. indie, act. of £/crpe^o>. 
— nadvlaKTEi, "kept barking at them." Observe the continued action 
indicated by the imperfect, and the force, likewise, of Kara in composition. 
— (oars [it) \iovov, &c. The order of construction is, hare rovq dv^puirovg 
yevia&ai, 6C viroipiag /j,tj [jiovov ekeivg), a2/la ical ndai role napovai, " so 
that the men straightway became suspected, not only by him," i. e., not only 
by Pyrrhus, &c. The preposition did forms various periphrases with elvat, 
yiyvsod-ai, lx uv i & c - Thus, Sid <j>6(jov dvai, " to be afraid;" 6i' virotpiae 
yiyvEO&ai, " to be suspected," &c. These all arise from the primitive 
meaning "through." — fiiKptiv tivov, &c, "some slight circumstantial 
proofs having been added." More literally, " some slight proofs having 
reference to appearance (merely)," i. e., looking like guilt, but not actually 
fixing the charge on them. 

24-33. Avatfiaxoc, one of the successors of Alexander, who lost his life 
in the battle with Seleucus. — avrbc tavrbv knepp'iipe, " he, of his own accord, 
threw himself on the pile." Supply ry irvpa after hneppiipe. — rd 6' avrd nai 
tov 'Aorbv, &c, " they say that the (dog) Astus also did the same thing." — 
Kal rrepl to kXiviSiov, &c, "and moving anxiously around the bier, as the 
body was getting carried forth," i. e., on the way from the house to the 
funeral pile. Supply tov venpov after EKcpepopevov. — avyKaTenavae, from 
(Tvy/caTa/taio. — tov npoTevovTa Kvva t&v 'Ivdm&v, " that the best of the 
Indian dogs." Literally, "that the best dog of the Indian ones." — Kal 
nepiopav, "and took no notice of them." Literally, "looked around (at 
other objects)." 

fjQ Line 1-7. Kal (pavepbv dvai, &c, " and evidently regarded it as 
a fit antagonist for himself." Literally, " and was evident as making 
it an antagonist of his own." Observe the force of the middle in Troiov/ue- 
vov, the idea conveyed by which is more fully implied in ai)Tov. The 
adjective (j>avepbv is masculine here, agreeing with tov Kvva understood, 
and not neuter. — 6 fjdn yepov, " that is now old," i. e., when now old. 
Supply 6v after yepov. — ttjv yeveciv \ab*zlv, " took its origin." — /ca/cou 
KopaKoc Kamv o)6v. Equivalent to our own saying, " evil child of an evil 
parent." (Consult the remarks of Erasmus on this adage, Chil., I, c. 9, 
col. 295.) 

10-14. KaTEo-Sieiv. The pelican first stores up its prey in its gular 
pouch, from which it is gradually transferred into the oesophagus, as the 
process of digestion goes on. This gular pouch is a kind of sac, fitted to 
the lower mandible, and formed of the dilated skin of the throat. — orpov- 
$OKdfi7]%oi. The latter part of the Greek name for the ostrich (-KdfinXoc) 
.refers to the striking resemblance, in many parts of external form, which 
this bird bears to the camel. (Consult Kirby, vol. ii., p. 458.) — 7TE<ppiKviag 
•d-pift "kETVTalg, "all rough with small hairs." This is incorrect. The 
head of the ostrich has only a few scattered hairs. 

16-22. vvrdpxov, agreeing with %uov understood. — p"vyxoc exei, &c, 
" it has a beak of very small size, and gathered to a point :" ovvnyfievov is 
246 



NOTES ON PAGES 53 AND 54. 

Page 

the perf. part. pass, of avvdyu. The account here given is not very £3 
accurate. The beak of the ostrich is small, straight, and depressed 
towards the end, which is rounded off. — ercTEpurai 6e rapaolc, &c, "it is 
furnished, moreover, with soft and downy pinions." More literally, "it is 
winged, moreover, with," &c. — dcxij^occ, " two-toed.'" — diet 6e to Sdpoe, &c. 
The difficulty lies in the shortness of its wings, which unfit it for flying. — 
Kara rijc yrjc, &c., "it moves swiftly on tip-toe along the ground." The 
true force of at\po6aret, in this passage, has been mistaken by some of the 
commentators. Diodorus Siculus, from whom the present extract is taken, 
explains the meaning of the verb very clearly in another part of his work 
(3, 27) : fiinpbv anpotc urocri rrjc yf,q ETUipavEiv. — role tcogl rovg vnoTriTT- 
rovrac, &c, " it hurls against its pursuers, by means of its feet, as if from 
a sling, the stones that lie beneath it (in its course), with so good an aim." 
Observe here the peculiar meaning of imon'nzTovTaQ, and compare the 
following passage of Strabo (6, 2, 5), where it is similarly used : ry yap 
Kapxvdovia tovtuv fid^Lara vtcotutttovtuv t&v fisptiv, fxaKpol nal mwexslq 
01 rroXeftOL yevofievoc, ra 7ro?,la Kare(j>-&£Lpav. 

25-29. Trpo rov refievovc, &c, "fronting on the public place, which they 
call the forum of the Greeks:" rijievog is most commonly employed to in- 
dicate a spot of ground set apart for some religious purpose, and conse- 
crated to some divinity. Here, however, the allusion is a general one. — 
'EXXf/vov ayopav. The allusion, in all probability, is to what was termed 
the Graecostasis, a public structure at Rome, in the forum, not far from the 
Curia Hostilia. It was the place where the Grecian and other ambassadors 
took their station, if coming from friendly states, while waiting for an audi- 
ence with the senate, or for an answer to their applications, after they had 
been admitted to an audience. It appears to have been a kind of portico, 
or arcade, richly adorned, and having public walks connected with it. 
(Compare the remarks of Minutoli, in Sallengre's Nov. Thes. Antiq. Rom., 
vol. i., col. 167, &c.) — Td-av/xaarov n xpriiia, &c, " a wonderful thing of a 
talkative magpie." The literal translation, as here given, is much more 
playful and striking than a free one would be. The Greek in the text is 
a periphrasis for Ktrrav davjiauioc 7roXv(j)o)vov, " a wonderfully talkative 
magpie." — avrrjv kdi^ovaa, " accustoming itself to do this." 

Line 2-6. kicet, "in that neighbourhood." — ervxe eKKOjLLt£6fievoc, ^zj. 
"happened to be carried out for interment" i. e., in order to be 
burned on the funeral pile, &c. — vtto cdl7uy!ji iroXlatc, " to the sound of 
many trumpets." At the funerals of the wealthier and nobler Romans 
both trumpeters and pipers (tibicines) were employed. The instruments 
used on these occasions were larger than ordinary, and emitted a grave and 
mournful sound. (Consult Rosini, Antiq. Rom., p. 441.) — uo-rrep elude. 
It was customary for funeral processions to halt from time to time in the 
public places through which their route lay, especially in the fora. — kvdu- 
rpiipav, "remained there." Observe the force of kv in composition. — 
atp&oyyoc nal avavdoc, "without a note, and completely silent." Literally, 
" noteless and voiceless." 

8-14. VTTOipiai Se (pap/udtcov, &c, " there were suspicions, moreover, of 
magic arts against those in the same line of business," i. e., some suspected 
that the rival barbers had bewitched the magpie. — £mrA$£ai ttjv ukotjv, " had 
deafened it." Literally, "had struck out its hearing."-— cvyKaTec6ecr&ai, 
pluperf. infm. pass, of ovynaTaG6Evvv[ii.~av'&Lc dtyTJuev, &c, "it again 
sent forth, no one of those its accustomed and former imitations, but the 

247 



NOTES ON PAGES 54 AND 55. 

Page 

£4_ notes of the trumpets, uttering them together with the very turns 
{in the music), and going over all the variations of tune," i. e., 
observing all the modulations and all the changes. — irepibdoig. A period, 
in musical language, is any melodious portion of a tune which ends with a 
cadence, and carries with it a complete musical sense. Hence, in popular 
language, it may be designated " a turn." 

15-17. uc av toa, &c, "since the animal lays eggs similar to those of 
a goose, and since the young one, when born, increases," &c. Literally, 
"and since the one that is born." Observe here the construction of 6c 
with the genitive absolute, to which we have already more than once 
referred ; and also the use of the particle av with reference to a thing that 
is certain. According to Hermann, this usage, of which he cites several ex- 
amples, arose from a negligent way of speaking in ordinary life : " nescio 
an d>c av, quadam negligentia. in vita communis usu, etiam de re certa dictum 
sit, in qua omittendum erat av" (Opusc, vol. iv., p. 185.) 

18-21. to fisv yap dep/ia, &c. The body of the crocodile, above and 
below, and the entire length of the tail, are covered with square scales or 
plates ; most of those on the back having ridges or spines of various lengths : 
the flanks are only protected by small round scales. — ical ry anXvpornTL 
6ia<pepov, " and sxirpassing in hardness," i. e., of surpassing hardness. — 
hi; aftcporipuv ribv pepuv, "in either jaw." Literally, "from either part 
(of the head)," i. e., in the upper and under jaw. — Svo de ol xavltodovTec, 
" and two of these projecting," i. e., like those of the elephant or hog. 
(Larcher, ad Herod., 2, 68). Herodotus, in his description of the crocodile 
(given in the extract immediately after this, § 25), makes all the teeth to be 
" projecting," a remark that would apply with more correctness to the 
greater part of the teeth in the upper jaw, since, when the two jaws are 
closed, these are actually seen to project downward. (Compare Baehr, ad 
Herod., I. c.) 

24-26. TrTirj'&og 6' avruv, &c. The crocodile of Egypt is no longer found, 
except in the upper parts of that country, where the heat is greatest, and 
the population least numerous. — uc av nolvyovuv, &c, "since they are 
both prolific animals," &c. Compare the remarks respecting &c av, in the 
note on line 15. 

30-34. hXX! ojicjc, &c, " but yet (numerous though they are) nature has 
furnished a great source of aid against this number 's increasing to the 
injury of man." Literally, "growing against men." — Ixvevfiov. The 
ichneumon is called in Egypt and the adjacent countries, at the present day, 
by the name of Pharaoh's rat.-^-7rapair%?](uoc cov [impC) kvvi. The Egyp- 
tian ichneumon is larger than a cat, but formed like the weasel. It is of 
a gray colour, and has a long tail, terminated by a black tuft. It is very 
common in the northern parts of Egypt, between the Mediterranean and 
Siout. — avvrpiSuv. The ichneumon digs the crocodile-eggs out of the 
sand, and sucks them. — 6 KponodeiXog. We come now to the description 
given by Herodotus. The previous one was by Diodorus Siculus. 
fiZ Line 1-2. btydaTifiove fiev tibe. The eyes of the crocodile are 
small compared with the size of the body, although they are more 
like those of a cat than of a hog. {Baehr, ad Herod., 2, 68.) — nal %av- 
Tiibdovrac. Compare the note on line 19, page 54. — Kara "Kbyov rov c6- 
ftaroc, " in proportion to its body," i. e., proportioned in size to that of the 
body. — ylMGGo.v de /xovov, &c, " and it alone of animals has not a tongue 
from nature." Literally, " it alone of animals does not cause a tongue to 
248 



NOTES ON PAGE 55. 

Pago 

grow." This is an error on the part of the ancient writers, and the 55 
error is still perpetuated in popular belief. The crocodile has a 
tongue like the rest of animals, but it is connected by a rough skin with 
the lower jaw ; and not being extensible, nor easily seen at first view, since 
it completely fills the cavity of the jaw, between the two rows of teeth, it 
has been supposed to have no actual existence. 

3-6. ovde rr]v kutcj klvei yva&ov, " neither does it move its lower jaw ." 
This is another and very common error. The truth is, the lower jaw alone 
is moved, and not the upper. The lower jaw extends farther back than 
the scull, so that the neck must be somewhat bent when it is opened. The 
appearance thus produced has led to the very common error of believing 
that the crocodile moves its upper jaw, which is incapable of motion, except 
with the rest of the body. — rv<pXbv de ev vdari. This is not correct; 
unless Herodotus mean by tv(j>?~6c here, " dim-sighted," or " comparatively 
weak of sight," i. e., when compared with its keenness of vision on the 
land. 

7-12. tov irepl Bocrnropov, &c, " which is in the vicinity of the Cim- 
merian Bosporus.'''' There were two rivers named Hypanis by the ancients. 
The one here meant is the modern Kuban, which rises in the chain of Cauca- 
sus, and falls into the Sea of Azof a little distance above the Cimmerian 
Bosporus, or Strait of Jenicali. The other Hypanis is the modern Bog. 
— Kal lljia 6vofj,sv(f), " and just as it goes downy Supply tjVlu. Literally, 
" and together with (the sun) going down." The dative here depends on 
a/ua. — 'E<j)7i/j.epov. The term is recognised also in modern zoology. The 
name Ephemera is now given to a genus of insects, which live but a few 
hours after becoming perfect. They appear generally a short time before 
sunset, flying about in the most singular manner, and descending like gnats 
in immense swarms. They are found in the greatest numbers in Carniola, 
and are used there for manure, the country-people thinking they have been 
unsuccessful if each does not procure twenty cart-loads of them for that 
purpose. In America they are rarely seen in such quantities as in Europe, 
and in no part of our country, indeed, are they so abundant as to be re- 
markable. 

13-20. ra, " are the doings,' 1 '' i. e., is the practice. Supply -Kpayfiara 
iari. — Kal to,, " as well as those.''' — ekslvcu [isv yap, " for the former.'" — 
virep tov fit} 7rapa<pepe<jd-ai, " in order not to be carried out of their course." 
More literally, " carried away from (their route)." — dedotKorec, from deida. 
— brav imepSaXkuoi tov Tavpov, " whenever they pass over the (range of) 
Mount Taurus,''' i. e., in their migratory flights. — olov eTnaTOfic^ovrec, &c, 
" muzzling, as it were, and curbing (by these means) their chattering, and 
loquacious propensity." — ottcjc ?ia-&a)OL, " in order that they may escape ob- 
servation," i.e., the observation of the eagles. — Both the stories here given 
are gravely repeated in substance by iElian, Hist. An., 5, 13, and 29. 

21-23. tt}c vdpKrjc. The account here given relates to the torpedo, a 
genus of fishes belonging to the family of the rays. The electrical appara- 
tus, which has rendered this fish so remarkable, consists of small membra- 
nous tubes, disposed like honeycomb, and divided by horizontal partitions 
into small cells, which are filled with a mucous substance. This conforma- 
tion is analogous, in many respects, to the galvanic pile. The electrical 
eel (gymnotus electricus) of the fresh waters of South America possesses 
the same power with the torpedo, but in a still more extraordinary degree. 
— diyovTae, 2d aor. part. act. of tiiyyavu). — ftapvTyra vapKudy, " a numb- 
ing heaviness" i. e., a numb and heavy feeling. 

249 



NOTES ON PAGES 55 AND 56. 

Page 

5^ 24-27. netpav avrrjc kiuttMov lafiBavovrec, " obtaining an acquaint- 
ance with it, from trial, in a more extensive degree {than others).'''' 
Literally, "obtaining a trial of it," &c, i. e., an experimental acquaintance 
with it. — av staricr/ &ca, " that if it be brought alive from the water (unto 
the land)." Supply rov iiSaroc after sKTrean. Literally, " that if it fall out 
(from the water) alive." — KaratjnedavvvvTEc. vdup dvuftev, &c, "on their 
pouring water down upon it from above, they feel the (torpid) affection run- 
ning up along the hand," &c. Observe the nominative with the infinitive, 
the reference being to the same persons. — 6ia rod vdaroc rpeirousvov, &c, 
" through the agency of the water, changed in its nature and previously 
acted upon itself," i. e., and itself previously acted upon by the numbing 
power of the fish. The explanation of this phenomenon is perfectly easy 
for modern science : the water acts as a conductor of the electric power. 

28-31. 6 TtLvvoTrjpae, " the pinnoteras." This is a minute species of 
crab, found in the shell of the mvva, or pearl-muscle, and supposed by the 
ancients to act as a watch or guard for the latter. Hence its Greek name, 
from nivva, and rnpeo, " to preserve," or " keep," and hence also its other 
Greek appellation of "KivvotyvkcjJz, from irivva, and tyvTia!;, " a guard" or 
"watch." — tcapKLvudec, " of the crab species." Literally, "crab-like." — 
Kal Ty TTivvn gvveoti, " and associates with the pinna." The izivva is a 
species of bivalved shellfish, of the muscle kind, and is the same with our 
pearl-muscle. Cuvier, in a dissertation on the crabs, &c, mentioned by 
the ancients, has examined all the passages relative to the pinnoteras, and 
its watching for the safety of the pinna, and regards the whole story as a 
pure invention. He informs us, also, that several other crustaceous ani- 
mals have the same habit as the pinnoteras, of lodging in the shells of bi- 
valved shellfish. (Guerin, Diet. d'Hist. Nat., s. v. Pinnothere, vol. xiii., 
p. 606.) — It will be observed, that we have adopted in the text the forms 
7rcvvoT7Jpac and rrivva, as more correct than TUvoTJjpac and iriva. Jacobs 
inadvertently gives the erroneous forms from the text of Reiske. 

rrvTiupel T7]v Ko-yxVVy " acts as gatekeeper to the shellfish, sitting down 
in front of it," i. e., keeps watch over the muscle, taking up its post m 
front. — kuv uveuyuevwv Kal diaKexvvvlav, " allowing it to remain open and 
gaping." Supply avrrjv dvai after euv. — dveuyfievnv, perf. part. pass, of 
dvoiyu. — oiaKexnvviav, perf. part. mid. of dtaxaivu. — TtpooTcicy, " may 
come in contact with them." 

££ Line 1-2. Trapeia^-&ev, "passes to the side and enters." The 
aorist here denotes what is habitually the case, and is therefore 
translated by the English present. Observe also the force of the preposi- 
tions in composition, especially napd. — ovvEnTieiae, " closes." The aorist 
again refers to what is habitual. — kvrbe epKovc, " within the enclosure (of the 
shell)." 

4-10. cvvEOTiv, " keeps company with." — oiroc ovk kvaxcQ-riaeTai, &c, 
3d sing. 1st fut. indie, pass, of hex *- The conjunction ottoc, like Iva, 6c, 
&c, is joined either with the future indicative or with the subjunctive. In 
such constructions the future expresses, as in the present instance, a state 
that continues, or else something that will occur at an indefinite future 
time. On the contrary, the subjunctive indicates a transient state, occurring 
in particular cases, and then completely concluded. — 'inerai yap avrti, &c. 
The whole account is purely fabulous. — irapayoftevov, "being led along?'' 
Equivalent in effect to Kal irapdyeTat. — ru x^ iG l Lari -> " w '^ his distended 
jaws." — dce^aprac, from diaijy&eipa. — nav kfj,6e6vd-ia/j.£V.ov, "being com- 
pletely ingulfed." 
250 



NOTES ON PAGES 56 AND 57. 

Page 

11-16. ekelvo 6e yiyv&GKOv, &c, "but, knowing that other one, ££? 
it takes it up in its mouth, just as (a vessel takes up) an anchor 
(and stows it away) within." With ekeIvo supply, for a literal translation, 
0ov. The reference is to the pilot-fish. — kyuad-Evdei, yap avrti, " for the 
■pilot-fish sleeps within him,'''' i. e., in the mouth of the whale. — nal to nrjTog 
eot7]k.£v,&cc, "and the whale, while the pilot-fish is reposing, remains sta- 
tionary, and lies (as it were) at anchor.' 1 '' With uvawavofievov supply 7/ye- 
fiovoc. — fj, " or else." — /cat 7zoAAd dtscp-d-dpr], " and many whales are (in 
this way) destroyed.'" The aorist again refers to what is accustomed to 
happen. — nad-drtEp duvdepv^ra, " like vessels without a pilot." Supply 
TvAola. — E^evEX'&EVTa, from sn^epo. 

18-29. rdv y£vvo)fj.£vo)v, "of its offspring." Literally, "of those pro- 
duced (by it)." — nAnoiov, "near it." The turtles always, at a certain 
season, visit the shore, for the purpose of depositing their eggs in the sand. 
— to XeLOTarov ical fxaAaKUTarov. Supply fispoc. — orav 6e Karax^on, &c, 
" and whenever it has buried them up and hidden them securely from view." 
— tt]v -&rjA£tav. Supply x E ^ vr l v - — rpEiroftivTjv, " being turned over." — 
hvanoTiEinELV, " leaves on the spot." — ev Toaavraig. Supply rjiikpaiq. — 
yvupioaoa, "having recognised." — d>c ovdelc xpvaiov, &c, "as no one 
does a deposite of gold," i. e., each turtle recognises the spot where its eggs 
are buried, with even more accuracy than one does a sum of gold buried in 
the earth. 

Line 1-2. r\ Xt&oc. The grammarians lay down the rule, that ^y 
6 Aidoc refers to any ordinary stone, whereas i] Ai-froe indicates a 
precious stone, and also any of the higher class of stones used for polishing, 
or for special architectural purposes. This, however, admits of so many 
exceptions, that the better distinction would appear to be as follows : 
namely, rj Aifioc is the more poetic form, whereas 6 Atd-oc is the more 
common Attic prose form. (Compare Jacobs, Anth. Pal., p. 137.) — Ev- 
ptirid^g. In a fragment of his CEneus, given by Suidas (s. v. 'Hpa/cAda 
Aid-oc). — p.ayvrjTiv. We must not confound this with the fiayv^rtc, or 
Ai&oc fiayvrjTnc, mentioned by the Greek physicians. This last appears to 
have been a kind of talc or steatite, containing in large proportion the earth 
called magnesia ; a name of which we may thus trace the origin, since both 
the loadstone and the mineral used in medicine were called " magnetic 
stone," from their being both found in a country named Magnesia. (Con- 
sult Moore^s Anc. Mineralogy, p. 114, seqq.) — 'ilpanAEiav, " the Heraclean 
(stone)." This is mistranslated by Bembo, Dutens, and others, " the stone 
of Hercules," or " the Herculean stone," as if it were so termed from its 
power over iron. It derives its true name, however, from the city of He- 
raclea, in Lydia, where probably it was found in greater abundance than 
elsewhere. (Salmas., Ex. Plin., 2, 1102. — Sydenham, ad Plat. Ion., <$> 5.) 

3-10. dyu, " attracts." Literally, " draws (unto itself)." — tiare dvvaa- 
■&ai, &c, " so that they are able to do the very same thing as the stone." 
Literally, " so as to be able to do," &c. — ravrbv, for to avrov, and this 
for to avTo. — rj Ac&oe. Supply ttolel. — ayuv, " namely, to attract." — kg 
akArjAuv TjpTrjTai, "hangs connected one with another." More literally, 
" is connected from one another." Observe the continued force implied 
by the perfect, rjpTrjTai being the perfect passive of dprdcj. — dvrjpTrjTat, 
" is imparted by this suspension." More literally, " is connected through- 
out." — ovtg) vtTpudic kcTi, " is so saturated with nitre." The "nitre" 
(v'iTpov, nitrum) of the ancients is our nitrate of potass. (Compare An- 
dreossy, Mem. sur la Vallee des lacs de Natron. — Decade Egyptienne, vol. 

251 



NOTES ON PAGES 57 AND 58- 

57 ii., p. 93, seqq.) — ttav nXeiu xpovov, &c, " and if one allow them 
{to remain) in the^ water a longer time than ordinary, they fall to 
pieces." ^ nav is for Kal kdv. — kdan. Supply avra Aval. — diamnrei. 
Supply avra in the nominative. A neuter plural with a singular verb. 



MYTHOLOGY. 

1 1-12. to, Ifo, " without." Literally, " as to the parts that are without." 
Complete the clause as follows : Kara, ra /xepn bvra ego. — vnepBdvri 6s 
Kal em, &c, " to one, however, having passed over, and come upon its 
opposite side." Literally, "upon its back," i. e., upon the convex part, 
the concave portion facing us being regarded as the front. The literal 
reference in virepBdvri is to a passing around the edge of this concave part, 
and thus entering heaven, or, in other words, ascending the convex portion 
of the sky. All this shows, of course, the rude notions of an early age. 

14-19. elaiovri 6e, &c, " moreover, for him, on entering, the Hours 
first have their habitations,'''' i. e., immediately, on one's entrance into the 
skies, he meets with the dwelling-place of the Hours. The idea is borrowed 
from Homer {II., 5, 749, and 8, 393). In the Homeric mythology, the 
Hours presided over the changes of time, seasons, days, years, &c, and 
hence, with peculiar propriety, are called the keepers of the portals of heaven. 
— airaoriQ rexvnc, " of every work of art," i. e., of works of art of all kinds 
— fiera 6e, " and after this." — navruc TxepiKaXkfj, " altogether very beau- 
tiful {of their kind)." 

20-27. ol Se ■&eol, &c. The order is, ol 6e -&eol evcoxovvrai, Kad-q/xevoi 
ivapd Zvvi. These words are borrowed from Homer {II., 4, 1), and hence 
we have the poetic form Znvi, instead of Ait. — vSpicral Kal la"koi, " inso- 
lent and loquacious." The first of these terms applies to Ixion, the second 
to Tantalus. Ixion was punished for forgetting the respect that was due 
to Juno ; and Tantalus for divulging to mortals the secrets of the gods. — 
aXka ttjv d/n6poaiav irapaTL&evrai, " but cause ambrosia to be served up 
before them,." Literally, " to be placed by their side," referring to the 
ancient mode of reclining at table, and having the food in this way by one's 
side. Observe the use of the article with au&pociav and veKrapoc, as im- 
plying renewed mention. — Kal rov veKrapoc p.e-&vaKovTai, " and inebriate 
themselves with nectar." The genitive is here employed as referring to a 
part. 

£Q Line 1-6. avry Kviaan dvnvey\ievov, " carried up along with the 
savour." The expression avry Kvican is equivalent here to avv rrf 
Kviaon. — dvnvey/xevov, perf. part. pass, of ava^epu. — "Svoiag uXkoi vXkac, 
&c, " some bring one kind of sacrifice, others another, unto the gods." — 
)3ovv, governed by rzpoadyet understood. — 6 Se tic, " and some other." 
Equivalent to alius quis. {Dindorf ad Aristoph. Av., 1444.) — IXdaKerai, 
" seeks to propitiate." — tyiTirjaag, &c. Hence the Latin verb adoro, "to 
adore" applying the hand to the lips literally {ad and os). This appears 
to have been a very ancient form of showing respect to the Deity. Mention 
is made of it in Job, 31, 27, with reference to the sun and moon. (Con- 
sult Bottiger, Kunst-Mythol, p. 52.) 

7-18. ol irTidarai, " artists." — alyida ave&c/xevnv, " girt with a breast- 
252 



NOTES ON PAGES 58, 59, AND 60. 

Page 

plate :" aly'cda is the accusative of nearer definition : avzfeauzvTjv ^Q 
is from uva^uvvvai. — 8aec?UK*>v, "of queen-like mien."—6ia6e67]- 
Kora role Troalv, " stepping; forth with his feet," t, e., with distended feet : 
perf. part. act. of dialaivu. — rexvnv nva, "some vocation." — aX/*oi 6e 
u/./uz, &c., u and others attend to other callings of a like nature" 

21-31. Kal rue itpocayopEvoiiivac "Qpac, "and the so-called Hours." 
Consult note on line 14, page 57. — rdv Evpe&ivruv vrf avrov, &c., "the 
full knowledge of the things invented and perfected by him, and the honours 
attendant upon the invention." Observe the force of the plural in eTricrrj- 
fj.ac. — Kal TTjv u/J.nv kmuE/^eiav, &c, " and the other care that is still even 
at the present day exercised at marriages, in conjunction with the sacrifices," 
&c, i. e., and all those other matters that are carefully attended to at 
marriages, in relation to the sacrifices, &c. 

33-36. kcu to Kardpxecv evepyeviac, " and to be the first to do an act of 
kindness." Literally, " and the beginning an act of kindness." — aueiSea- 
o\zi rate TrpoariKovcaic xupiGi, " to requite with suitable thanks." — ~E.l7.el- 
■&VLav 6e z.aSeiv. Supply far&oXoyavai. — rag riKrovcac, agreeing with 
yvvalnac understood. — KOKOTzad-ovauv, agreeing with yvvawtiv understood. 

Line 1-10. did Kal. Supply uvdo/,oyov<7iv. — hv role toiovtolc, gQ 
"in such cases." — rpo6dc rivac," certain kinds of sustenance." — 
ttjv knuvvuov rd^iv, &c, " an employment, as well as a regulation of life, 
corresponding to her name." The names of the Hours, given immediately 
after, explain what is here meant. These names are Eivouia, Aiktj, and 
~Eipi}vTi, or Wisdom of Legislation, Right, and Peace. 

11-19. ttjv re rCrv E/.atuv, &c, " the having imparted unto men the 
domesticating and planting of olives, and the mode of operating upon this 
same fruit," i. e., and the manner of extracting oil from it. — ert 6e Tzo?Jka 
tQv, &c, " and, moreover, the having taught unto men many of the things 
connected with the other branches of (human) knoicledge." — rr/v KaracKevrjv, 
" the forming." — ttjv cvvre/^ovfievr/v povmfcr/v, " the melody that is pro- 
duced." — rtiv 6i/x>rexvuv epyoiv, " of the labours that favour the advance- 
ment of the arts." — dip' uv, "from all which." — r npoaayopevea-&aL, governed 
by [ivdo/.oyovai understood. 

20-27. dodjjvac, governed by uvd-o?.oyovat understood. — rov irarpbc, re- 
ferring to Jupiter. — Kal rr/v ruv etzlov gvv&eglv, &c, "and the arrangement 
of words that is called poetry." — Kepi, "relating to," i. e., accustomed to 
be bestowed upon. — Kal ruv a/./.uv oca, &c, "and of as many other 
things as admit of being worked through the agency of fire." Literally, 
"as receive their working through the fire." Supply as follows: Kal 
tvperrjv yevia^at rocov rtiv a/J.uv baa, &c. — vnv ev rale, fi&xaic, <Scc, 
" the energetic striving of battles." Literally, "in battles." 

31-35. Ka-f avrr/v, " belonging to it." — 6ta ttjc uavrtKr/c rixvvc yivope- 
vnv, " that is exercised by means of divination." The reference is to those 
internal maladies, which were regarded as the effect of the anger of the gods, 
and the remedies for which could only be obtained, as was thought, by con- 
sulting the gods through the medium of oracles. — gweSolve tiepaTrelae-, 
&c., "it happened that the sick obtained a cure." — ra nepl rhv To^tiav y 
" the things that related to archery." A periphrasis for T7jv rotjeiav. 

Line 1-4. sic larpLKr/v," appertaining to the healing art." Sup- QQ 
ply rexvnv. — 7rpo6L6a.aac ttjv TExyrjv ettI togovtov, " advanced the 
healing art to such a degree." 

5-9. rdc yivouevac, " which take place." — ek rye ku^opiac, " arising 
Y 253 



NOTES ON PAGES 60 AND 61. 

Page 

(30 from traffic." — Kal to M-&pa, &c, " and the appropriating se- 
cretly to one's self the property of others." Mercury, besides his 
other varied attributes, was regarded as the god of theft. 

10-13. Kal tt]v airb rrjc xeluvnc, &c, "and that he devised the lyre 
from the shell of the tortoise." Mercury is said to have caught the idea of, 
and to have formed, the first lyre from the shell of a tortoise. Hence the 
terms x^ v C an d testudo denote both the shell of a tortoise and a lyre, a 
usage introduced also into English poetry. — Kal tov 7roAAoi)f, &c, " and 
of the treasuring up many of the productions of autumn :" iroTCkovg t&v 
tcapirtiv is here equivalent to iroTikove. Kapirovc. 

15-26. 'Hocoboc.. The quotation in the text is from Hesiod's Theogony, 
v. 77, seqq. — acpeuv, poetic form for eftiv, from ctpslc, and equivalent here 
to avrcbv. In scanning this hexameter line, a<j>eov and drraaeov must be 
pronounced as if written afyiov and aTraauv. — 6 ttoTivc. bjxOiog, " the nu- 
merous throng." — IdicJTag, " the unlearned." Compare the scholium cited 
by Cognatus (ad Lucian., de Luct., 2): 'lbiurrjc, 6 a-rroMrevToc, Kal 6 
afia-Q-rig, fj dypdfjLfiaToe. — totzov riva vnb rfj yy, &c, "have imagined a 
kind of place beneath the earth, of very great depth, as Hades." — vixeOJifyaGi, 
from vnoAafiBdvu). — Kal £o<pspbv Kal avrfkiov. This is, in fact, an explana- 
tion of the term Hades. — fiaailsveLv tov xdofiaTOc, " reigns over the wide- 
yawning abyss" The verb (3ao i2,evg> here governs the genitive, because 
equivalent, in fact, to fiaoilievc eifit. — ircpip'p'elod-ai. be, &c., " and that his 
territory is flowed around" &c, i. e., his dominions in the lower world. — 
Kal £K fiovuv tuv bvouaTuv, " even in their mere names." Literally, " even 
from," i. e., by reason of. 

27-34. to be fxeyiarov, " but above all." Literally, " but what is great- 
est." — irpoKetTai, "lies stretched in front," \. e., as you enter the lower 
world. — ovk evi, " it is not possible." evt for eveart. — tov iropd/xeoe. 
Charon. — dbehtyibove. iEacus was the son of Jupiter, Pluto's brother. — 
ttjv (ppovpdv £TriTeTpa/j,fiEvog, " being intrusted with the guard of it." 
Equivalent to <1) r) typovpd emreTpalrTac, perf. pass, of eTUTpeno. — kvuv 
TpiKe<j)a2,oc.. Cerberus. — Trepaiw&evTaq be ttjv Xi/upt/v, &c, "and then a 
spacious mead receives them after having been ferried across the lake, and 
a draught awaits them there, hostile to remembrance." A Zeugma oper- 
ates in VTcobixeTai. the verb having one meaning in connexion with Xei- 
(j.uv, and another with ttotov. — Arj-d-rjc. Supply to ttotov. 
g2 Line 2-11. 'Ep/Ltr/c. Mercury, as the conductor of departed spirits 
to the world below, is subject to the orders of Pluto and Proserpina. 
— tov tt)c KoXdaeug x^pov. Tartarus. — ei^e. The past tense is here 
employed, as the passage forms part of a narrative respecting the labours of 
Hercules, where past tenses are used throughout. — Kara be tov vcotov, &c. 
The serpents on the animal's back were in place of hairs. — hv qlbov. " In 
Hades." Supply r?? ^wpa, " the region," or something equivalent. 



MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIONS. 

16-21. Ta irepl ■brjpav daKrjcaaa, " having pursued the chase and what- 
ever pertains to it." Literally, "having pursued the things appertain- 
ing to the chase." — xPV^V^o^VC, "delivering oracles there." — EKtoTivev 
254 



NOTES ON PAGES 61, 62, AND 63. 

Page 

avrbv, &c. , " tried to prevent him from approaching unto the (sacred) g 1 
vent.'''' Literally, " from passing by (the guard) and coming unto." — 
to x^ aua - This was the sacred vent from which the gas or effluvia pro- 
ceeded, that was regarded by the ancients as the breath of inspiration. 
Over this opening in the earth was placed the tripod on which the priestess 
sat. — Tzapakaji6dveL. The use of the present tense here imparts more ani- 
mation to the narrative than r:ape%a6e would have done. 

23—28. k$7]TEvae. Apollo had been banished for a season from the skies, 
and been compelled to serve with a mortal, as a punishment for having 
slain the Cyclopes. — 'nTrjoaro, "asked." The middle voice here implies, 
that the request was made in order to gratify his own friendly feelings to- 
wards Admetus. — ■&e?<,6vTov, referring to both irarpbc and finTpbc, and 
therefore put in the plural, although the disjunctive precedes. — virepa,T7E-&- 
avs, from vTrepairod-VT/aKu. — -nakiv aveireftipev, " sent back again (to 
life)." — i] Kopn, " Proserpina." 

Line 2-3. £iicao"&£VTEC, " having likened themselves." Passive QO 
for the middle. — vttegxovto, 2d aor. mid. of VTrtaxveo/iai. — telxieiv 
to ~n.epyafj.ov, " that they will enclose the (citadel) Pergdmus with a wall." 
Teixtelv is the Attic contracted future of the infinitive, for teixIoelv, from 
TEtxifa. The citadel of Troy was called Pergamus. 

8-14. Tzpov&rjKE) contracted for Tipot&rjKE. — 7^-ipETCU, from 7iap.6dva. — 
TTOivrjv Trig Tavvfirjdovc dpTrayrjc, " as a satisfaction for the carrying off of 
Ganymede." Ganymede was carried off, in early youth, by an eagle, to 
officiate as cup-bearer in the skies.— fir) (3ov?^o{j,evov 6e. Supply avTov. 

17-24. itaTuKEL Tfjc 'Aclae, &c, " he dwelt in that part of Asia which 
is now named Paphlagonia." The order for a literal translation is as fol- 
lows : KdTUKEi Tzspl T/jv vvv bvoua&fiEvnv UacpXay oviav rfjc 'Acriae, "he 
dwelt in what is now called Paphlagonia, (a province) of Asia." Observe 
the use of TZEpl in this construction, as pointing out a country or place in 
merely general language. (Matth., G. G., § 589.) — etc ttXeiov, "to a 
greater degree {than other mortals)." — oi tyspuv, "being unable to bear 
with moderation." — teal \iErao~xuv kolvtjc rpaizE^vc, &c, "and having 
shared a common table with them, and full liberty of speech" i. e., having 
banqueted along with the gods, and conversed as freely with them as if he 
had been one of their number. — to, Tzapd tolc dd-avdroic diroppnTa, " the 
secrets of the immortals." Literally, " the things that were secret with the 
immortals." — tcaTax&eic Etc tovc dcre^efc, " having been led down unto the 
impious" i. e., having been driven down to Tartarus, the abode of the 
impious. 

25-37. nal -SvyaTEpac rdc laac, " and daughters that were equal to them 
in number" i. e., and seven daughters. The husband of Niobe was the The- 
ban Amphlon. — nal Trjc Anrovg, &c, " and declared herself more favoured, 
in point of offspring, than Latona." — avvihn avrrjv v<b' 'iva Kiipbv, &c, 
"it came to pass that she was at one and the same instant both favoured 
in, and deprived of, her offspring." Literally, " it came to pass that she 
was quickly, at one and the same time," &c. — ZltcvIov. Sipylus was a 
mountain in Lydia near the northern confines. — x e ~ LTaL b^aKpva, &c. There 
is a beautiful allusion to this in the Antigone of Sophocles, v. 817, seqq., ed. 
Herm. 

Line 2-9. tevvnybe kSiddx&Vi "was taught to be a hunter" i. QQ 
e., was brought up a hunter. The plain Greek would have been, 
kdiddx&n TTjv KVvnyETiKrjv, " was taught the art of hunting." — KareBpud-ij, 

255 



NOTES ON PAGES 63, 64, AND 65. 

QQ from KaraBtSptJOKG). — Kt&acptivt. Cithaeron was a mountain nearly 
midway between Thebes and Corinth. — lovofzevnv, "bathing." 
Middle voice.— eig eXafyov, " into that of a stag." Equivalent to eig kld<j>ov 
/noptpqv. Literally, "into a stag." — tcaropvovro, "kept howling." Observe 
the force of the imperfect. 

13-23. TJjr avrov fxnrepog inro&avovcrng. She was put to death by 
Apollo. — km ttoTJv, "very zealously." — rovg diro&avovrag. The last 
person whom he raised was Hippolytus, son of Theseus. — yvq laBovreg o'c 
av&poTTOi, &c, " lest the human race, having obtained from him the means of 
healing" i. e., the secrets of his art. — Pon&ucnv allrjlotc. Jove feared, 
lest mankind might aid one another, instead of applying for assistance to 
the gods, through the medium of prayers, oracles, and divination. — k/iellij- 
ce p"nrTctv avrov, " was about to hurl him." — kviavrbv, "for a year." 
Erroneously rendered by some, "yearly." 

33-34. fie/invug, from fiaivopiac. — vo/ui£ov kotttciv, " thinking that he 
was cutting." 

QA Line 1-4. eavrbv. Heyne reads avrov, as referring, not to the 
father, but to the son. — 6 -&ebg. Apollo, at Delphi. — Hayyalov 
opog. Mount Pangseum, apparently connected with the central chain of 
Rhodope and Hsemus, branched off in a southeasterly direction, and closed 
upon the coast of Thrace, at the defile of Acontisma. It was famed for 
its mines. The modern name is Pundhar Dag. 

6-10. Kal rrjv 'IvSlkt/v, &c. From this to arrjoag appears to be a later 
addition which has crept into the text of Apollodorus (from whom the ex- 
tract is taken), after having been written by some on the margin of the MS. 
It is evidently out of place. — ellnyug, from 2.aju6uvc). — StenuXve ravra 
■yiyvev&at, "endeavoured to prevent these things from taking place." 

15-20. Tvppnvuv "KnoTpiKrjv, &c, " he hired a pirate-galley navigated 
by Tyrrhenians." The Tyrrhenians of antiquity were notorious for their 
piratical habits. — aTzeinzcdTiTjaovreg, "intending to sell him there." Supply 
avrov. — ol de, " while they," referring to the mariners. — Kara rrjg -d-aldaaTjg 
ecpvyov, "fled beneath the sea" i. e., plunged into the sea. 

23-27. rd irepl rrjv olvo-Kodav, " the making of wine, and all that per- 
tained to it." Literally, " the things appertaining to the making of wine." 
— rag rov -&eov %dptrag, " the favours of the god," i. e., the gifts and ben- 
efits received by him from Bacchus. — rov rcorov. The genitive, as referring 
to part. The draught of which they tasted was the newly-made wine. — 
di' rjdovrjv, " through delight (at its palatable taste)." — Tre<j>apfiax&ac, from 
(pap/ndacro). — //£#' y/nepav de vofjaavreg, " the next day, however, having 
become aware of what they had done." Literally, "but after a day," i. e., 
after they had slept off the fumes of the liquor. — With vorjaavreg supply 
to nETrpayfievov. 

30-34. kcikelvv, for Kal kaeivn. — eicdvg, " having got out (of his cradle)." 
In the text of Apollodorus, whence this extract is taken, the words km rov 
Xlkvov Kelfievog immediately precede kicdvg. These show at once the ref- 
erence in the latter term. — vnb rtiv Ixvtiv, " by their tracks." Observe 
the use of vm) here, in place of did. 

ft c Line 1-8. rolg nocri. Supply rtiv j3ouv. Jacobs and Heyne are 

directly at issue here, the latter making iroal refer to the feet of 

Mercury, not to those of the oxen. (Heyne, ad Apollod., 3, 10, 2.) He 

refers, in support of his opinion, to the Homeric hymn to Mercury ; but Ja- 

256 



NOTES ON PAGES 65 AND 66. 

Page 

cobs is undoubtedly right. — xsk&vijv. The reference, of course, is g^ 
to a land-animal of the kind. — kiaca-&dpag, from eKKCf&aipo). — eig to 
KVTog, "within the hollow of the shells — nal Tovg naTOinovvTag, &c, 
" and inquired of those who dwelt there (whether they had seen his cattle)." 
We may suppose the words el rovg (36ag idoiev to be here understood. — 
ovk exeiv de elireiv, " that they could not tell, however." — itot ttote, " whither 
then.' 1 '' tzote is here equivalent to the Latin tandem. — rjldd-rjoav, from 
klavva. — did to /htj evpetv, &c. The order of construction is, did to firj 
dvvaad-at evpeiv tyvog. 

9-20. tov Ken?io<j)6Ta, " the one who had stolen them" pluperf. part. act. 
of kXsktu. — KvXlrjvnv. Cyllene, the birthplace of Mercury, was a mount- 
ain in the northern part of Arcadia, near the borders of the country. It 
was the loftiest and most celebrated of the Arcadian mountains. — ical tov 
^pfifjv tjtlclto, " and complained of Mercury," imperf. of cdrido/iai. — 
airyTei, "demanded back," from diraiTeco. — rjpveiTO, "denied that he had 
them." Supply exeiv avrdg. — dvTididuai Tag fioag, "gives him the cattle 
in exchange for it." — irn^dfievog, from nriyvv^L. — kovpt&v, "began to play 
upon it." — tt]v xpvcrrjv jidtdov. Referring to the caduceus, called by some 
of the Latin poets aurea virga. — f)v e/ce/cr^ro fiovno'Xidv, " which he pos- 
sessed while tending his herd," i. e., which he had used while tending, &c, 
3d sing, pluperf. indie, of KTaopat. — nal tuv tietiv vttox'&oviov, " and of 
the deities beneath the earth." Referring to Pluto and Proserpina. 

21-28. Keicpoip, a more accurate form than Kenpuip. Compare the anal- 
ogous forms, HeXoip, Aohorp, Apvoip. — ovpfyveg cti/ia, "a blended body." 
Literally, "a body of, &c, growing together." — kni tovtov, "in the reign 
of this monarch." — naTaTiaBsadai, " to select." Literally, " to take unto 
themselves." Observe the force of the middle. — efieTCkov £X £tv i & c -> " ^ ie y 
intended to enjoy each peculiar honours." — Kara fiianv ttjv dupoiroliv, &c., 
" he caused a sea to appear in the middle of the Acropolis." What is here 
called a sea was in reality a salt spring, or well. It is sometimes called 
the well of the Erechtheum. The popular belief was, that, whenever the 
south wind blew, this well emitted a noise like the roaring of waves. 
(Pausan., 1, 26.) — *Rpe%&7ji6a, " Erechtheis," i. e., the spring or well of 
the Erechtheum. 

29-33. kXaiav. This was the sacred olive-tree, to which the Attic 
writers so often refer. It is said to have been in existence as late as the 
second century of our era. — TLavdpoc-lu. The Pandrosium was a small 
chapel on the Acropolis, forming part of the double temple called Erech- 
theum. The following account will serve to remove every difficulty on 
this subject. " The Erechtheum v/as a double building, of which the 
eastern division was consecrated to the worship of Minerva Polias, the 
protectress of the city ; and the western, including the northern and south- 
ern porticoes, was called the Pandrosium, and was sacred to Pandrosos, 
the deified daughter of Cecrops. On the same site had formerly stood the 
temple of Ereehtheus ; and from this circumstance, as well as from the 
fact that his altar still remained, the entire building retained the name ot 
Erechtheum." {Stuart and Revett's Athens, abridged, p. 37, seqq., Lond., 
1837). — 'A&r/vav kui Uovetdtiva dtalvaag. Evidently a mere interpola- 
tion ; certainly not needed. — rj x^P a T VC 'A.'&nvdg ktcpitin, " the country 
was adjudged to be Minerva's." The genitive of possession, where we 
may supply elvai. 

Line 1-2. d-v/iti bpyLcr&eig, "incensed in soul" — Qpidatov QQ 
irediov. The Thriasian plain, in Attica, took its name from the 

Y 2 257 



NOTES ON PAGE 66. 

Page 

QQ borough of Thria. It was famed for its fertility, which Aristotle 
{Prob., 26, 17) ascribed to the effect of the south wind that blew 
from the sea. The inundation referred to in the text is mentioned also by 
Varro, as cited by St. Augustine {Civ. Dei., 18, 9). 

5-8. ra»0/l6c rove bty&alfiovc, " Mind as to his eyes.' 1 '' The accusative 
of nearer definition. — f/delov. Supply ol -&eol. 

12-15. uTroKaTaGTTJGai. Supply clvtu. — rag atcoag, referring to Tires- 
ias, where we may supply tov Teipeaiov. — nacav opvid-uv (jxjvtjv, " every 
note of birds ," i. e., the notes of all kinds of birds. — GKriwrpov, "a staff." 
— 6/u.oiug rolg (3?iETTOvatv, " equally as well as those who see." Literally, 
" equally with those that see." 

16-17. irptJTa filv, &c. The first labour of Hercules was the slaying 
of the Nemean lion, which ravaged the country around Nemea in Argolis. 
The hero choked it to death, and wore the skin as a trophy. — Aevrepov kv 
Aspvn, &c. The second labour was the destroying of an immense hydra 
or water-snake, in the marshes of Lerna, in Argolis. Alcaeus, the ancient 
poet, gave it nine heads ; and Apollodorus the same number as Alcaeus, 
making eight of them to have been mortal, and the middle one immortal. 
Others assign it a hundred heads, &c. (Heyne, ad Apollod., 2, 5, 2.) 

18-20. to rpirov avr' km rolg, " thirdly, again, in addition to these 
labours." rolg is by poetic usage for rovroig. — '~Epvfj.dv&iov nanpov. 
The Erymanthian boar, rushing forth from the mountain and forest of Ery- 
manthus, in Arcadia, ravaged the country around Psophis. — xP v<7 ^ >lce P 0)V 
e?.a<j>ov, &c. This was the stag, with golden horns, that frequented Mount 
Cerynea, on the confines of Arcadia and Achaia. (Pausan., 7, 25.) — 
ttejitttov 6', " fifthly thereupon." — bpviftag Zrvfufralidac., " the Stymphalian 
birds," so called from their infesting the woods around the Lake Stympha- 
lis, in the northeastern angle of Arcadia. — kgcdluSiev, " he chased away." 
Hercules drove away the birds by the noise of a brazen rattle (^a/l/cea 
Kporala) which he had received from Minerva. 

21-23. 'AfiaCovidoc. This was the Amazonian Hippolyte. The seat 
of her rule was the country around the river Thermodon, in Pontus. — 
(^orfipa (pasivov, "the bright girdle." The ^uar^p of the Amazons, as 
delineated in ancient sculpture, passed around the hips, exactly like the 
one worn by the Homeric heroes. It was not, as some suppose, imme- 
diately below the bosom. ( Winckelmann, Gesch. der Kunst des Alt., 
vol. hi., p. 23.)— -Avyelov iroTMiv tcoTrpov k^sKa'&npEv, "he cleansed away 
the abundant dung of Augeas," i. e., of the stables of Augeas. Hercules 
cleansed the stables of Augeas, king of Elis, by causing the collected 
waters of the Alpheus and Elian Peneus to pass through them. These 
stables, containing immense herds of cattle, had never before been cleansed. 
— ek Kpr/rrfd'E, an old poetic form of expression, tinged with pleonasm, for 
the later ek Kpyrng. The ordinary termination is --&ev, but here the final 
v is omitted in order to keep the preceding vowel short, which would 
otherwise be long by position. This is very frequently done. — r/Xaos, 
from hlavvw. — ravpov. According to the ancient mycologists, this bull, 
after having been brought to Eurystheus by Hercules, was set at liberty, 
and, passing over the immediate country to the Marathonian plain, became 
known as the Marathonian bull, subdued by Theseus. {Apollod., 2, 5, 7.) 

24-27. Ato/j,7]dEoc lirirovc. The horses of Diomede, king of the Bistones 
in Thrace. They were fabled to have fed on human flesh. — jnyaysv, 
" he brought (to Mycenae)." — Tqpvovov. According to Apollodorus (2, 5, 

258 



NOTES ON PAGES 66, 67, AND 68. 

Page 

10), Geryon had a triple body, appearing as one down to the stom- QQ 
ach, but branching off into three from the flanks and thighs. — 'Epu- 
■&eiac. Erythea, according to Apollodoras, was an island on the coast of 
Spain, and identical with Gadeira (Gades, or Cadiz). This, however, is 
all fable. — 'Atdao, an old poetic form for adov. — rjveyKEv, from tpipco. — X9^~ 
oea fj.7j?»a, " the golden apples (of the Hesperides)." 

29-30. dieveynac, hom 6 latyspu. — ttjv olnov/iiiv-nv, " the habitable world." 
Supply yf\v. 

Line 3-4. 'AXkutjvvc. Alcmena, the mother of Hercules. — QJ 
'A/i^trpvuva. Amphitryon, the reputed father of the hero. 

9-13. uc 61 ejiadev urporov ovra, " but ivhen he perceived that he teas 
invulnerable." He observed that the arrows did not penetrate. — ttjv iripav 
ELGodov, " the one entrance :" erepoc, like alter in Latin, refers to one of 
two. — narEOXEV ayx uv i " h e k e pt squeezing it." Literally, "he held on, 
squeezing it." 

15-24. ETreragev. Supply EvpfcnJevf. — opveic. Pausanias (8, 22) calls 
them avdpofyayoi. According to some of the poets, they had iron wings, 
and shot forth their plumes from them like so many arrows. — x a ^ K£a icpo- 
ra\a, " a brazen rattle." Apollonius Rhodius (2, 1055) calls the instru- 
ment in question, x a ^ K£ ^ Tckar&fifv. — sro^evaev avruc. According to 
others, he merely drove them away. Compare the poetic extract just 
given. 

28-34. ipavovra yap yfjc, &c, "for it happened that he became very 
strong, whenever he touched the earth." Literally, " when touching." — 
dietjf/ei, from Sd^eifxc. — e&vev, " used to sacrifice." — ttjv k-Kiarri^irrv, "in 
his knowledge." Accusative of nearer definition. 

Line 2-12. irpoaetyepeTo, " was in the act of being brought gg 
near." — tta&ecr&svTec, from nad-e^u, and used in a middle sense. — 
tov 'E?Jov f3o)fidv. The altar of Mercy stood in the middle of the ayopd or 
forum. (Pausan., 1, 17.) — teyovroc, "bidding them ," put for Kelevovrog. 
— ol 'A-&nvatoi, &c, instead of o'c 'Ad-r/vacoi ovk e^edoaav, aXXa nolefiov 
vniarnaav. — "TXkoc, one of the sons of Hercules. — nep/ciac. Heyne pre- 
fers nep/tidi in the singular. 

14-20. 6ia rac airb rfjc, " in consequence of the plots of their mother-in- 
law" i. e., of Juno. Literally, "in consequence of the plots proceeding 
from their mother-in-law. " The preposition d-rro imparts additional strength 
to the meaning, as is apparent from the literal translation. — avrtiv, referring 
to Phryxus and Helle. — Kara rtva dstiv Ttpovoiav, "in accordance with a 
certain providential admonition on the part of the gods." — aTzoneaetv, from 
aTro7vi7rTo.-~-r)v, for nai ravrr/v. The plainer Greek for the whole clause 
would be, r) arc" eKeivvc ''E'XTirjairovTOc bvopiacr&^vai "kiyerai. — narevex- 
tirjvai, from Kara<pipcj. 

24-29. eKTT£<jelv, depending on /j.v&oloyovci understood. — aTreveyKOGt, 
from a-Kotiepio. — Karadet^at -d-vetv rove %£vovc, " he introduced the custom 
of sacrificing strangers." More literally, "he pointed out, or indicated, 
the sacrificing of strangers." — Tol/ir/eat, optative mood, and the final syl- 
lable being long, the acute stands, of course, on the penult. On the other 
hand, in T0?iu?jGac of the infinitive, the final syllable is considered short 
in accentuation, and hence the circumflex accent is placed on the penult, 
the first aorist infin, act. being always accented on the penultimate syllable. 

31-32. (pv?M^aa-&ai, " to beware of." Literally, " to guard himself 

259 



NOTES ON PAGES 68, 69, AND 70. 

Page 

68 against." Observe the force of the middle. — rjyvoet, "he under' 
stood not.'''' — eyvu>, " he discovered its meaning.'' 1 

go Line 1-7. hv role x^P^^y "i n the country." More literally, " in 
the fields." — kcu tov xpwaubv ovju6a?iG>v, " and having compared the 
oracle,'" i. e., with the condition in which he saw Jason ; namely, uovoauv- 
dahoc. — tI av kTTOLTjCEV, " what he would do." — h^ovaiav ex^v, "in case he 
had the power." kt-ovoiav ex^v is here equivalent to el h^ovaiav ex 01 - 
— 7rpof rivoc tuv tto?iltC)v, " by one of his own countrymen." More liter- 
ally, " by one of the citizens." — Trpoairarrov av avrfi, " I would order him." 

12-17. 'Atir/vac i)iro-&efj.evnc, "Minerva having suggested the idea," 
i. e., at the suggestion of Minerva. — (puvfjev t-vlov, "a vocal beam." Lit- 
erally, " a speaking piece of timber." — XP^H-^V ° ~&£oc, &c, " the god 
directed Jason, on his consulting the oracle." Supply Idaovi after xpuuwu. 
— o -&ebc, referring to the deity, whose oracle was consulted, probably 
Apollo at Delphi. — avvad-poiaavri, " after he had collected together." 

18-29. avax'&evTEC, " having weighed anchor." Passive for the middle. 
— TrpovTieye, for Trpoeleye. — ra uzKkovra, " the future." Literally, "the 
things about to happen." Supply yiyveo-&at. — unrpved. Idsea. (Apollod., 
3, 15, 3.) — rove idiovc naldac, referring to his two sons Plexippus and 
Pandion, whom he had by his previous wife Cleopatra. {Apollod., I. c.) 
— ETTEuipav 6e avru ol -&E01, " thereupon the gods sent against him." — 
okiya baa, "only a few." — npoaEviyKaad-aL, "to carry them to his lips," 
from Trpoo-tpEpu. Observe the force of the middle. 

30-35. to. rcEpl tov ttXov, " the. things relating to their voyage." — rpditE^ 
av kdEcudruv. Supply dv&Trlsov, as agreeing with rpdirs^av. — Kara' 
nTuaat, from Kad-LTTTaaat. — rjv 6e XP £ £> V , "now it was fated." 

70 Line 1-3. ote av, equivalent to brav. — urj KaTa2,d6uat. Supply 
rb 6to)KO[iEVov. — 'Ext-vaduv. Apollodorus, from whom this is taken, 
makes a singular error here in geography. The islands called Echinades 
were at the mouth of the river Achelous, which separated Acarnania from 
iEtolia, whereas the Strophades were far to the south, off the coast of the 
lower part of Elis. It cannot be said in his defence, that the earlier name 
of the Strophades was probably Echinades, and that there were thus two 
clusters of the same name ; for the first name of the Strophades was THurai, 
the Plotae. (Heyne, ad loc.) 

5-8. yEvouivn Kara rrjv rjiova, " having reached the shore." — ttitvtei, 
" she falls and dies." — 'AttoI^uvcoc. Apollonius, the author of a poem 
on the Argonautic expedition. — dovaae, accus. plur. fern. 2d aor. part. act. 
of dlduui. 

12-13. tC)V Kara ttjv, &c, "that are at the entrance of the Euxine." 
The Symplegades were at the upper extremity of the Thracian Bosporus, 
where it opened into the Euxine Sea. — avyKpovouEvat oe dXkrfkaic. Hence 
their name, from avv, " together," and irX^aao, " to strike," or " dash." 
They were also called Cyaneae (Kvavsac), from their dark colour. 

19-27. KaratypovovvTag, " despising them," i. e., caring nothing for their 
threatening movements. — euv oe aTzoTiouEvvv. Supply ISuaiv avrrjv. — urj 
•kXeiv (3iafra-&ai, "not to force a passage." Literally, "not to force a 
sailing (through)." — r/ avfntTuaig, " the collision." — cvTiTiadouEvnc. "Hpac, 
"Juno having aided." — rd dupa tuv dfadoTuv, &c, " the ship having the 
extremity of her stern ornaments shorn away." — earnaav, " stood still." — 
OTTjvai iravTE/itic., " to stop completely." 
260 



NOTES ON PAGES 70, 71, AND 72. 

Tage 

28-36. QeppLoydovra ml Kavnaaov. The Thermodon was a river 7Q 
of Pontus. Of course a considerable intervening space of coast 
must be imagined between this and what the writer calls Caucasus. — km- 
Taysvra, from ETuraoao). — vtzegx^to, from vTZLoxvio/iai. — e§vgcov, from <j>v- 
c&id. — tovtovc, &c. The order is, ettetclggeto avru £evtja.VTi tovtovc, 
OTteipeLv bdovrag dpanovroc. — £evt;avTi, " after he had yoked. 1 " 

Line 1-2. elxe yap, XaSuv, &c, " for he had in his possession, yj 
having received them from Minerva, the one half of those which Cad- 
mus had sown at Thebes."' The expression eZ^e 2.a6o)v is more definite 
than eiTiTjfEt would have been, and is analogous, moreover, to the Latin 
habehat acceptos. — uv, by attraction for ovc. The full clause would be rove 
rjfiioELc tovtcjv oSovtuv ovc, &c. — EGizEipcv, the aorist. 

4-8. avrov spora Ioxel, " conceives a passion for him." — -rijg 'Qkecivov, 
" the daughter of Oceanus," i. e., one of the Oceamdes. — kyxeipiEiv, Attic 
contracted future for kyxetptGEtv, from kyxcipifa- — bfioan, from 6/xvvpt. 

10-11. Qapfiaicov, "an unguent," i. e., a magic preparation. — Kara^svy- 
vvvcll fXEllovra, " when about to yoke." The whole clause, being arranged 
at the same time in the order of construction, is equivalent to nal ekeIevgev 
avrbv, \iEKkovra KaTa&vyvvvai rove ravpovc, xpicai tovtcj) ttjv te aamda, 
&c. 

14-17. EdfjXucE 6s avrC), "she pointed out to him, moreover" i. e., she 
warned him. — {ieHslv avadvEG&ai, " will arise." More literally, " are 
going to arise." — naduTrTuGuivovc, "in full armour." — ovc hizELdav, &c. 
equivalent to nal kirEidav -d-Eaanrai avrovc a&poovc. — imp tovtov, " by 
reason of this," i. e., by reason of the stones being cast among them. 

19-25. xpLvfywoc, "having anointed himself," i. e., his person and 
his arms. Observe the force of the middle. — opfir/oavrac, " having rushed 
upon him." — LveteXKov. The imperfect here is very graphic. The armed 
men kept rising from the ground as fast as he sowed the teeth. — ottov 
nTiciovac Etopa, "where he saw a number (collected together)." Literally, 
"more (than one or two)." The imperfect Etopa shows that the reference 
here is to detached parties. — fiaxofiEvove npog aXkffkovq. They fell into 
a dispute with one another about the stones, imagining that some one of 
their own number had thrown them. 

28-36. vvktoc, " by night." Part of time is put in the genitive. — <pv- 
'kaao-ovra. Supply avrb. — role Qapfi&KOLc, " by her magic preparations," 
i. e., by throwing it something to eat, which lulled it to sleep. — imoyvovc, 
" having given up all idea of" from aKoytyvuGKU. — ravpov al/xa aTxaaap-E- 
voc, " having drunk buWs blood." This was a very common mode of self- 
destruction among the ancients. 

Line 4-8. irspi uv r]6uirf&n, "for the things in which he had ^2 
been wronged," i. e., for the injuries he had received at the hands of 
Pelias : uv is by attraction for a, and the clause is equivalent to rcEpl tuv 
adinnfiaTov a qdiKTj&Tj vtco tov UeTilov. — naipbv e^eSexeto, " he waited 
for an opportunity." — avru> dinae vtcooxVi ll may render him fall atone- 
ment." VTroaxy from V7re^cj. Observe the force of the plural in diicac. 

10-12. 6ca (pap/iaKov, " by means of drugs." — veov, "young again." — 
tov TTLGTEVGat x^9 Lv i "for the sake of inspiring them with confidence." 
Literally, " for the sake of their trusting (in her)." — TuarEvaacai, " having 
confided. 11 

16-22. adiov, "by singing," i. e., by the power of song. — dnx&eiorjc, 

261 



NOTES ON PAGES 72, 73, AND 74. 

Page 

"72 fr° m &*acv6). — e2c ^dov, " to Hades." Supply dw/za or oIkov. — 
vrtiaxeTo, from VTnaxviouai. — iropEvojiEvoc, " as Ae goes along, 1 '' 
i. e., on his way back to the upper world. — aiucT&v, "disobeying," equiv- 
alent here to d-KEf&Civ. 

25-34. ttjv rfkiKiav, "in years." Accusative of nearer definition. — 
Trapaxupyca-i- rov, Te-&pi7nrov, " to yield up to him his four-horse car." 
Literally, " to retire from his four-horse car (for him)." — Kparelv rtiv qviuv, 
" to manage the reins." Literally, " to control the reins." The verb 
Kparelv here governs the genitive, as being equivalent, in fact, to /cparoc 
EXecv. — kl;evex , &7jvai, from kucpepo). — ivAavufiEvovc, " wandering." Middle 
voice. — Kal Troifjaat top vvv, &c, " and formed the circular path which is 
now called the milky way," i. e., the arched or curved path. — enl rolg yey- 
EvrjiievoLC, " at what had taken place." 

73 Line 2-8. rac kn6o?iac. The ancients gave the Po seven mouths. 
— rov vvv KaXovfisvov, "of what is now called." — to 6e irdXaibv 

irpoaayopevo/iEvov, "but was anciently styled." — hot 1 kviavrov, "yearly." 
— (itzoteAeZv, " makes." 

10-16. Kal Trvp, "fire also." — kv vdp&ajKt, "in a stalk of the ferula." 
The vdp-&7}^ of the Greeks is our ferula, or giant fennel. It is a large 
plant, growing to the height of six or eight feet. The stalk is thick, and 
full of a fungous pitch, fit for tinder, and used for that purpose even at the 
present day in Sicily. Hence the fable, that Prometheus stole the celestial 
fire, and brought it to earth in a stalk of the ferula. (Consult Martyn, ad 
Virg., Eclog., 10, 25.) — ya&ero, from alcd avo[iai. — Tcpoon'Aw&elc, follow- 
ing 6leteAege in construction. — apt&fibv, "for a period." Literally, " for 
a number." — av^av6fj,evov, " which grew again." Literally, " increasing." 
— kAwkevtoc, 2d aor. part. pass, of kAettto. 

19-23. PaciAevidv, governing the genitive, as being equivalent to (3 aai- 
Aevc u)V. — rcpurnv yvvalKa, " as the first female." — to x^Akovv ysvoc, 
" the brazen race," i. e., the race of the brazen age. — vTrofie/ievov, " having 
suggested the idea." — ev&e/hevoc. Observe the force of the middle, as im- 
plying that this was done for his own benefit. 

26-35. etc to, rzArjaiov, &c, "to the lofty mountains that were near." 
Supply bvra after rxAnaiov. — vvKTac laac, " an equal number of nights." 
— kukei, for Kal ekel. — Ait Qvtjiu, " to Jove, the god of escape," i. e., who 
affords the means of escape, or who facilitates escape. — ovc /hev, &c, " as 
many as" &c. Literally, " what ones." — o&ev koi Aaol, &c, " whence also 
they, who were thus produced, were figuratively called Aaol from the word 
Aaac, ' a stone.' " With tovoudo"&7]cav supply ol ovtuq yeyevnuEvoi. The 
etymology given in the text is, of course, good for nothing. 

74 Line 1-3. kavrbv elvcu Am, " that he himself was Jove." As 
emphasis is here required, the pronoun is not only expressed, but 

also put in the accusative. — ekelvov, "from that deity." — klnpafxfievac, from 
t-npaivG). — AeBtjtuv ^aA/cwv. The dried hides would produce a rattling, 
the brazen caldrons a hollow, rumbling sound. Salverte sees, in the 
legend of Salmoneus, an account of one who understood, even in that dis- 
tant age, the art of drawing down the electric fluid from the clouds, and 
producing, in this way, the most fearful explosions. (Des Sciences Oc- 
cultes, vol. ii., p. 160.) 

14-19. Kal avTol, " themselves also," i. e., in like manner. — rmvaacr&ai, 
" to cease from." Literally, " to cause himself to cease from." — dfxa fiev, 
" both." — a/na oe Kal, " and at the same time also." — /ivnciKaKtiv, " enter- 
262 



NOTES ON PAGES 74, 75, AND 76. 

taming secret resentment against them." More plainly and liter- nA 
ally, " harbouring a grudge against them." — ufioAoysc, " agreed to!" 
— die 6e kuTinpuaavTO rove yd/xovc, " and when they had arranged by lot 
their respective nuptials" i. e., had drawn lots for their respective brides. 

23-28. kv rrj Aepvn, "in the marsh of Lerna." Supply \ip.vn. — kicd- 
■&Tjpav. They are said to have been purified with the water of the Ler- 
nean marsh or lake, a circumstance that gave rise subsequently to certain 
mystic rites called Lernaea. — e'lc yv/ivindv dyCiva role vlkuolv e6ukev, " he 
gave as prizes, in a gymnastic contest, to those who conquered." More 
literally, " he gave, for a gymnastic contest, to those who conquered." 
Danaus appointed games, in which his daughters were assigned as prizes 
to the victors. 

31-34. exovtl yap avrcj, "for he having." To be rendered as if it were 
the dative absolute. In strictness, however, the dative avrC) is connected 
in construction with Koifio/UEVC). Hence the literal translation will be, 
"for unto him having," or "since for him having." — noificofiivc), "as he 
slept." 

Line 2-7. rw 6wafj.EV(j Ivaai, " to him that was able to solve it," HX. 
i. e., to whosoever was able, &c. — oV ditopiav, " through an utter 
inability (to explain it)." — rjv 6e rb 7rpore$ev, &c, "now vjhat was pro- 
posed by the sphinx was this." — ri tare to avro, &c, "what animal is 
at the same time a biped," &c. Literally, " what same animal is a biped," 
&c. — a7X OTTorav, &c. This and the succeeding line are not in the text 
of Diodorus Siculus, from whom the remainder of the extract is taken, but 
are part of a poetical version of the enigma of the sphinx. — tzXelctolgl tto- 
decot, poetic forms for ttIeiotolc iroai. — ev&a, equivalent here to tots. 
The order of construction is, ev&a fiivoc tceKei (i. e., scrip) atyavporarov 
yvioiGLv (for yvioic) avrov. 

8-14. diropovjiEvuv, " being completely at a loss." — dTTe^varo, " ex- 
plained it." Literally " showed forth (its meaning for himself)," i. e., 
from his own resources of mind. — uvftponov elvac to -KpoBXn'&ev, " that 
the thing proposed for consideration was man." irpo61w&ev, from ivpo- 
Ca.A?M. — tt)v finripa, " his mother," referring to Jocasta. — tcj Xvcravri, 
&c, "who was proposed as a prize- to him that solved the enigma" i. e., 
to whosoever should solve it. 

17-20. km tov airfjg ydfiov, "in quest of her hand." More literally, 
" on account of a union with her," or " for her marriage." — kdedoiitet, 
" was afraid." As dedoiKa has the force of a present (" I am afraid"), 
so the pluperfect here is to be rendered as an imperfect. — Kpf&evroc, 
" having been selected." — npoKpc&elc, "selected in preference to the rest." 
Observe the force of 7rpd. 

24-36. 'H Qctlc, " the goddess Thetis." Observe the force of the arti- 
cle. — h/Kpv6ov<ja, 2d aor. part. act. of b/KpviTTO). — 6 tjv avru, &c, " what 
was mortal in him being derived from his father." — fiefi' i]\iipav, " by day." 
Literally, " after day (was come)." — hTVLTvprjoac, " having xcatched her." — 
Trpoc Nnpetdac. She was one of the Nereids, or sea-nymphs. — V7repe6a- 
lev, " surpassed (all human efforts)." More freely, " was excessive." 
We may supply Tzdaav dv&pumvnv 6vvau.iv, or something equivalent. 

1-10. oi irpoeaTcJTEc ruv ttoXeuv, " the rulers of the (different) HQ 
cities" More literally, " they who stood at the head of," &c. — 
tuxict' dv evpEodai, " that they would very speedily find." Observe the 
force of the middle, literally, " that they would find for themselves." — 

263 



NOTES ON PAGES 76 AND 77. 

Pa « e 

76 rt^ovrcc, "having obtained.'''' Literally, "having met with." — 
rdv 'EXhijvuv, "in behalf of all the Greeks." Literally, "a com- 
mon altar of the Greeks." — tov Slete'Keo-ev, "he continued to live.'''' — Kopv, 
Proserpina. — Trapedpevetv eKeivotc, "to sit as a judge with those deities," 
i. e., to be an associate judge (or what the Romans called an assessor, 
who sat by the side of the praetor, and aided him with his counsel in 
deciding). In the same way Jfeacus became a napedpoc to Pluto and Pro- 
serpina. 

12-16. rdv aptarecov. The "prize of valour," on this occasion, was 
Hesione, daughter of Laomedon. — QetiSc ry TSvpsog, &c, " united himself 
with Thetis, the daughter of Nereus, a mortal with an immortal." — nal 
fiovov rovrov, &c, " and they say, that, at the nuptials of this individual 
alone, of all that ever existed, was a marriage song sung by the gods." — 
tuv 7rpoyeyevnfj.svo)v. Literally, " of those that had previously been." 

18-28. Oi, equivalent here, as standing at the head of a clause, to koc 
ovtoi. A similar usage occurs in the case of qui, in Latin. — kizl rovg 
~Bap6dpovc. The allusion here is to the Trojan war. — kKarepw&ev, "on 
either side," i. e., on the side of the Greeks and that of the Trojans. — 
aTro2,EL<j)-d-EVToc, "having been left behind." More literally, "having been 
left out." — ruv uXkuv ovdsvbg, "to no one of the other (Grecian) warriors." 
— EiTEidrj Tpoiav gvve^eIXev, "when he had aided in taking Troy." ovv- 
e^elTiev, from awst-aipEC). Observe the force of avv in composition. — 
atyinofAEVoc sic KvTrpov. He was banished from Salamis by his father, for 
not having avenged the death of his brother Ajax. 

30-35. rove 6t(j)VEic, "the race of twofold nature," i. e., man and horse. 
— ETravaev, "quelled." Literally, "caused to cease." — to yivog, "the en- 
tire race" referring to the Centaurs. — Sacr/ibv, "as a tribute." — ovc idwv, 
" having seen whom." More freely, " and when he saw these." Equiva- 
lent to zeal og eUe TOVTOVg. 

fj Line 3-5. rfjg tyvaeue, "the creature." — rovg fisv rzaX6ag, "the 
youths and maidens." Analogous hereto our common English ex- 
pression, " the young people." — ovrog 6elvov npoardyfiaTog, "from so 
dreadful a tribute imposed upon it." 



DIALOGUES. 

7-11. olo&a, "dost thou know ?" by syncope for oldacr&a, and this, with 
what grammarians call the ^Eolic paragoge, for oldag. — ttjv KaTiTjv, " that 
beautiful girl." Supply iralda. — rrjv 'Id teysig, " thou meanest Io." 
The article here becomes very graphic in a literal translation : " thou 
art talking of the Io," i. e., the far-famed Io. — eke'lvt], "that lo." — t£> 
tpotzg) 6' hvnXkayn ; " but in what way was she changed ?" rw is here the 
Attic form for the interrogative tcvc. — EvriKkayn, from EvaXkaoau. 

12-15. aXka ml, &c, "nor this alone, but she has also contrived" Sec. 
The particles aXka ical are here elliptical. Supply as follows : ov fiovov 
61 rovro Enoince uXka koX, &c. — ry nanodat/uovi, "against the unhappy 
girl." Supply Ttatdt. — "Apyov rovvofia, "Argus, by name." Literally, 
"as to his name." rovvofia for to bvoua. — ETrsoTnoev, "she has placed 
over her," from h^iarrifxt. — avirvog uv, " being sleepless himself." 
264 



NOTES ON PAGES 77 AND 78. 

17-22. KaraTTTa/ievoQ, " having flown doicn," from Kara-XETOfiai. J J 
— suet ttov, "somewhere there.'''' — "Itjiv iroincov, "make her Isis. n 
Isis was a celebrated Egyptian deity, and both she and Io were, in fact, 
types of agriculture and fertility. Hence the identity here alluded to. — 
to Aoi-irbv, "for the time to come.'" Neuter accusative of the adjective taken 
as an adverb. It is, in fact, however, an elliptical expression, and the same 
as to Aoirrov uepoc tov \pbvov. — role ekeI, "to those who are there," i. e., 
to the Egyptians. Supply, for a literal translation, Totg av&pGJTroic ovaiv 
knei. — Kai tov ISeZAov dvaysTcj, "and let her raise the Nile," i. e., let her 
preside over the inundations of the Nile. As the fertility of Egypt de- 
pended on the overflowings of the Nile, Isis, the great type of fertility, 
would, of course, be supposed to preside over and regulate these. — dvifiovc. 
Isis, as the great parent of fertility, sends genial winds. — gu&to tovc 
n?JovTac. Isis, as the sender of mild and genial winds, would also be 
invoked by mariners in tempests. Hence the custom of dedicating votive 
tablets to this goddess after escapes from shipwreck. (Schol. ad Juv. 
Sat., 12, 17.) 

23-28. rjKo yap, "for I am come." — ex^v tov 7te?.ekvv bS-vrarov, "hav- 
ing here my sharpest axe." Jacobs thinks that the article might better 
be away. It appears to us, however, purposely introduced to indicate 
something of gesture. Vulcan holds out the axe before Jupiter, while 
he describes its good qualities. — el nal, &c, " sharp enough, even if it 
should be necessary," &c. The clause begins elliptically, and we must 
supply aAic b%vv bvTa, as implied in btjvraTov, that goes before. — dAAd 
SieAe, "divide, then." The particle a~A?A is here elliptical. We may 
supply as follows, giving d^Aa, at the same time, its literal meaning, " Make 
no delay, therefore, but divide." Stele is from dtatpeo. — naTeveynuv, 
"having brought it down." Supply avrbv, i. e., tov TreAenvv. — Tretpd fiov, 
el fj.efj.nva ; " art thou making trial of me, if I be mad ?" i. e., art thou trying 
whether I am mad or not 1 ireipd, from Treipdofjai, the middle voice im- 
plying that Jove does it from some motive best known to himself. — 
fj.efj.vva, from fiaivofiai. — irpoaraTTe 6' ovv TaAn&ec, " command then in 
real earnest." The particle ovv implies here some such train of thought 
as this on Vulcan's part : " This surely cannot be thy intention, command 
then," &c. — raXrf&ec, for to a/Xrf&eg, the neuter accusative of the adjective 
taken adverbially. 

Line 1-4. diaipE-&7}vai, supply -&e?M, or else npoGTaTTo from ^g 
the previous sentence. — ov vvv rrpuTov, &c. Jupiter alludes to 
Vulcan's unceremonious expulsion from the skies, on a previous occasion, 
when he alighted, after his fall, on the island of Lemnos. — dAAa XPV 
na&tKvelo-&aL, &c, "thou must come down, then, with thy whole soul, and 
not delay," i. e., must come down with thy axe ; must fetch a blow. — al 
fiot tov Ey.i£<paAov dvacTpifyovaiv, "which confuse my brain." Literally, 
" which turn my brain topsyturvy." 

5-8. opa, "take care." More literally, "look out." — fiapp&v, "being 
of good courage." More freely, " and be not afraid of the consequences." 
— to avfiOEpov, "what is good for me." 

9-10. KaToiau, from KaTa^epu. Supply avrov. — ri yap XPV Tcoielv, &c, 
"for what is one to do when thou order est ?" i. e., what else can one do 
when thou orderest, but obey thy orders 1 On the absence of the negative 
from the expression rt %py ttolecv, where one at first view might think it 
ought to be inserted, consult the remarks of Hemsterhuis, ad Luc, D. D., 
8. — Some editions have, immediately after this, in the text, the words 

Z 265 



NOTES ON PAGE 78. 

Page 

7 g "KcpatGToc didTEftvei tov Aide npaviov, enclosed in brackets. These, 
however, form no part of the dialogue, and are merely a gloss that 
has crept into the text. 

10-13. ti tovto ; After the words gov keIevovtoc, Vulcan is supposed 
to bring down his axe upon Jupiter's head, when Minerva immediately 
springs forth in full armour, and Vulcan, starting back in surprise, exclaims, 
" What's this?" — eikotuc yovv, "with good reason then.'''' — rrfkiKavrnv 
V7rb ry juyviyyi, &c, "nourishing alive beneath the membrane of thy brain 
a virgin of such a size, and that, too, in full armour." — rj tzov tjTpaTOTcedov, 
&c, "thou hadst indeed, it would seem, without knowing it, a camp, not a 
head (upon thy shoulders)." The particle y is affirmative and ttov con- 
jectural, and hence, when combined, they denote something as very probable, 
though not demonstrable. They may be rendered, therefore, by " it would 
seem indeed," " doubtless," " in all probability," &c. — klelr/deic £#6>v, 
literally, " thou wast escaping thy own observation in having," the pluper- 
fect being rendered as an imperfect : hle'krj-&eig, from lav&dvo. 

14-17. irvfyixi£ei, "dances the Pyrrhic dance." This was danced in 
full armour, and was accompanied with a brandishing and clashing of arms 
on the part of the performer. — Kal evdovata, "and is full of martial fury." 
— Kal to fieyujTOv, "and above all." Literally, " and what is greatest." — 
ylavKcoTicc fiev, "she has, to be sure, eyes of a bluish-green." — kog/llei, 
"sets off to advantage." The meaning of the whole sentence is this: 
Minerva's eyes are, like those of the lion, &c, of a bluish-green ; and have, 
therefore, a kind of threatening and fear-inspiring expression ; the polished 
helm, however, serves to remedy this defect, and makes, in fact, the pecu- 
liar expression of her eye suit very well with her warlike attire. 

In this dialogue, as in so many others, Lucian seeks to ridicule the pop- 
ular mythology of Greece. The true meaning, however, of the legend 
which he here derides, is extremely beautiful. Minerva typifies the thought 
of Jove, and this thought springs forth from the head of the deity, pure, 
fully- formed, and resistless. 

19-26. tianep avd-porroi, "like mere mortals." — akla e&eXeic, &c, 
" why ? dost thou wish, oh Jupiter, that this drug-dealer here recline above 
me ?" i. e., have a higher seat than myself at table. The reference is to a 
higher place on the same couch : tovtovi, Attic for tovtov, denotes con- 
tempt here, and is indicative of gesture. — Kal yap eljii, "for I am even." 
— cj Efx6p6vT7jTe, " thou thunder-stricken wretch !" The term EjiSpovrnroQ 
carries with it a double meaning, and implies injury done not only to the 
physical, but also to the mental, powers, producing stupidity, partial or total 
idiocy, &c. ; and this combined idea must be kept in view in the present 
passage. Compare the Latin attonitus. — ij diori, "is it because." — a. faj 
■&Efx,ig iroiovvra, "for doing things which are not lawful." He was struck 
with lightning for restoring mortals to life. The last one so restored was 
Hippolytus, son of Theseus. — f/.£Tei?in<f)ac, from fieTa2,a[i6avu, Attic for 
fiETateTivcpac. 

27-30. ETuTiEXrjcai yap Kal av, &c, "what? hast thou, oh Hercules, on 
thy part, forgotten that thou wast burned on Mount GZta, in that," &c. 
Observe the force of Kal, literally, " also." The particle yap refers here 
to something understood, and hence we may supply, and translate more 
literally, as follows : " (why talk in this way 1) for hast thou, oh Hercules," 
&c. — Olrn, the funeral pile of Hercules was erected on Mount (Eta, in 
the lower part of Thessaly, near the sea. — ovkovv lea Kal ofj,oca, &c, " we 
266 



NOTES ON PAGES 78 AND 79. 

Page 

have by no means lived on an equal footing, and in the same way," JQ 
i. e., thou and I have by no means, &c. The student will distin- 
guish between ovkovv with the acute accent, as here, and ovkovv with the 
circumflex on the last syllable. This last has the meaning of " therefore," 
whereas the former is a negative particle. The adjectives laa and o/xoca 
are used as adverbs here, and fieBctoTcu is taken impersonally. — 6g elfic, 
" I who am.'" — roaavra 6e TteTrovvKa, " and have gone through so great 
labours." 

33-34. ruv tyapjianuv, • " some of your drugs.'''' The genitive here 
refers to a part, and is also expressive of great contempt. — eKideder/fievoc, 
from £Tn6eUvvfj.i. 

Line 1-3. ev ?Jyecg, " thou sayest well," i. e., thou art right in ^Q 
what thou sayest about my being useful to the sick. — on, " seeing 
that." — vi? afupolv dieo-d-apfievog to au/ia, " having thy body all marred by 
both causes." More literally, " spoilt as to thy body." — rov x^ibvog. The 
words xltuvoq and -rrvpog are put in apposition with dp.<poZv. The reference 
in x iT &vog is to the garment sent by De'ianira to Hercules, and which had 
been poisoned with the venom of the Lernean hydra. The term irvpoc, on 
the other hand, alludes to the funeral pile on Mount GEta, 

4-6. el koI fj.Tj6ev dl\o, " even if I did nothing else." Supply eTrotrjcra. 
— ovre sdov?^evaa. Hercules served Omphale, queen of Lydia, for three 
years. — ovre e^aivov epta, " nor did I card wool." Hercules carded wool 
among the female attendants of the Lydian queen, while she arrayed herself 
in his lion- skin, and bore his club.— TropQvpida kvdedvKug, " having put on 
a purple garment." — Traio/xevog vtto rijg 'Ofi(j)d?«nc, " chastised by that Om- 
phale ." The article here denotes contempt. — a?JJ ovde jue?.ayxo?^aag, 
&.c, " no, nor did I, in a fit of madness, slay," &c. Literally, supplying 
at the same time the initial ellipsis, " I not only did not do this, but I neither, 
having become insane," &c. The allusion here is to the murder of his wife 
Megara, and her children. 

8-15. el fit] iravarj, &c, "if thou cease not reviling me." The refer- 
ence to instantaneous action, here implied by the aorist, is rendered still 
more apparent by avrcKa jmXa that follows after. — avritca /ud?.a, " this very 
instant." — elaec, 2d sing. fut. mid. of eldu, with the Attic termination. — 
wore /J.n6e rov Uacrjova, &c, " so that not even Pczeon shall heal thee, all 
fractured as to thy scull." Paeeon, the god of medicine, different here from 
Apollo. (Compare Heyne, ad II., 5, 401.) — are nal a,K0-&av6vra, " inas- 
much as he even died." 

16—18. naTia fiev yap, &c. An elliptical sentence, where we must 
understand before yap, in construction, the words eIkotuq vjzepijfyavog el, 
or something equivalent. " With good reason art thou proud, Latona, for 
the children also are handsome, whom thou didst bear unto Jove," i. e., for 
not only thou thyself art handsome, but the children are so likewise, 
whom, &c. The expression to, renva ersKeg is equivalent here to to. 
renva a ereiceg. The whole remark is bitterly ironical, and the dialogue 
opens as a continuation of some previous conversation. — ov irdaac, &c, 
" we goddesses are not all able to bear such children, Juno, as that Vulcan 
of thine is." A remark still more ironical than the observation of Juno. 
Equivalent to, " yes, my two children are handsome, to be sure, but thy 
Vulcan is far handsomer." Observe the force of the article with "~H.<pat(JTog . 

20-22. a%7J ovrog p.ev 6 x^og, &c, " and yet this same cripple is never- 
theless useful for his part"—o.i 6e col walSeg, &c, " whereas those chil- 

267 



NOTES ON PAGES 79 AND 80. 

Page 

*7Q dren of thine, the female one of them is,* 7 &c. The nominative 
absolute often stands thus before clauses marking distribution, where 
we would expect to find the genitive. Thus the plain Greek would be, 
t&v 6e oC)v iratduv, f] p.ev appevinr] rrepa, &c. "We must imagine, in such 
cases, a slight pause after the nominative, indicative of feelings of some kind 
or other, which pause has the effect of interrupting the continuity of the 
sentence, and therefore a new clause begins immediately after it. Juno 
pauses here with a bitter feeling, as she contrasts in thought the deformity 
of Vulcan with the symmetry of Apollo and Diana. 

24. Trdvrec loaoiv ola kaMet, "all know what she eats." The 
allusion is to the Tauric Diana, or Diana worshipped in the Tauric Cher- 
sonese, the modern Crimea. Human sacrifices were offered to her, 
and sacrifices were regarded as the food of the gods. Juno purposely 
avoids, with well-feigned horror, to use the words kaMet Kpea av&puiuva, 
but employs a species of circumlocution. — Zevonrovovca. All strangers 
that came to the Tauric Chersonese, in earlier times, were sacrificed to 
Diana. 

28-34. kpyaaTrjpta ttjc fj,avTLK7Jc, "oracle-factories." Ironical. Liter- 
ally, " workshops of divination." — rove xpupzvovc avrfi, " those who con- 
sult him." — Xoijd. Hence the epithet of Aotjiac, " the Loxian god," ap- 
plied to Apollo, on account of the studied ambiguity of his answers. — uc 
anivdvvov elvai to acpdTipia, "in order that a failure may be attended with 
no risk (to his credit)." Literally, " so as for the failure to be unattended 
by risk." Observe the peculiar construction here of wc with the accusative 
and infinitive, and consult the remarks of Matthia, G. G., § 545. — a7ro 
toiovtov, "from such a line of business as this." — ttoTlXol yap. Supply 
eloL — nTa/v ovk dyvoelrai, &c, " the more intelligent, however, are not ig- 
norant, that he is for the most part a mere wonder-worker," i. e., a mere 
juggler. Literally, " he is not, however, unknown to the more intelligent, 
as for the most part working wonders." — avroc yovv 6 piavric, &c, "ac- 
cordingly, he himself, the god of prophecy, did not know," &c. 

Qf) Line 1-5. rov kpujusvov. Hyacinthus. — ov TtpoefiavTevo-aro de, 
" he foretold not moreover unto himself" — nal ravra, " although.'" 
Literally, " and that too." — t% NtoBnc, " than that poor Niobe," i. e., 
whose offspring your children so cruelly and unjustly slew. Observe the 
force of the article. — fxevroi, " and yet." — 7j Zbvoktovoq, "she that kills 
strangers." 

9-12. eyeTiaca, "I have to laugh." The aorist here refers to a rapid 
action, commenced but a moment before in past time, but the effect of 
which, and the idea connected with it, run on into the present. Several 
examples of this peculiar usage are given by Bernhardy, Wiss. Synt., &c, 
p. 381. — inredeipsv av, "would have flayed." Marsyas contended with 
Apollo respecting skill in music, and was defeated, and flayed alive. Juno 
asserts, that, had the muses decided this contest fairly, they would have 
given the victory to Marsyas, and Apollo would have been the sufferer. — 
atiXtoc, taken here as an adverb, a&Xiog. — dXovc, " having been conquered." 
Equivalent here to vLnndeic. The perfect act. and 2d aor. act. of uXIoko 
have a passive signification. 

13-19. £7T« e{j.a&ev bty&eiaa, " when she perceived that she was seen. — 
k^ayopevan, from kf-ayopevo. — e7ra(j)^Kev, from eira^inpii. — rove Kvvac. 
The story of Actaeon is given at page 63 of this volume. — ravpoc i) kvkvo$. 
Alluding to the fables of Europa and Leda. 
268 



NOTES ON PAGES 80 AND 81. 

20-24. eyu fiev, &c, " I for my part would feel ashamed." gQ 
This implies, of course, that Jupiter, on the other hand, feels no 
shame. — dieQ-ftap/jEvog vtto tt/c /Listing, " quite spoiled by his habits of in- 
toxication.'" Observe the force of the article. — fjcrpa, " with a head-band." 
The juirpa was only worn among the Greeks by women, and was deemed 
effeminate for men. Bacchus is frequently represented with one in ancient 
sculpture, passing around the brow and confining the locks. Sometimes 
there are lappets hanging down at the side. — fj.aivojj.eva.ic yvvaii-l, referring 
to the Bacchantes. — izavrl, " everything else." 

26-34. Kal [iTjv, "and yet." — -frnlvuirpng, "effeminate wearer of the 
head-band." — ruv yvvaiKuv, " than the women in his train." — VTcnydysTO, 
" subjected." Literally, " brought under his power." Observe the force 
of the middle. — rove kiecpavrag, " their elephants." — npbg b/iiyov, " only 
in a small degree." Equivalent to the Latin paullulum. — bpxov/uEvog Kal 
Xopevtov, " dancing and leading choruses." — kv&ed&v, "raving." 

Line 1-6. vSpiaac kg rrjv teIisttjv, "having treated his rites gl 
with contumely." — K^fiaaiv, alluding to the story of Lycurgus, 
king of Thrace. — ttjc unrpbg, alluding to the story of Pentheus, king of 
Thebes. — iracdia, " sportive trifling."— ovdric f&bvog, " this must not be 
grudged him." Supply eotu. Literally, " let there be no grudging (on 
this account)." — oloc av vrjtytov ovrog rjv, " what kind of a person this one 
would be when sober," i. e., how brave and manly. 

8-18. egtl yap. The particle yap here refers to a part of the conver- 
sation that had immediately preceded, and to some remark made by Maia, 
which calls forth the following reply from her son. " Why talk in this 
way 1 for is there." Maia probably had been recommending obedience 
and resignation to her son. — firj teye, d) 'Ep/xij, &c, "my dear Mercury, 
don't say any such thing." — ri /jtj leyu ; " why am I not to say it ?" leyu 
is here the subjunctive. — bg roaavra irpdyjiara exo), " who have duties, so 
burdensome, to attend to." — Kal Trpbg roaavrag virripeaiag, &c, " andbeing 
distracted by so many offices." — diavTptJcravTa ttjv Kltciav, " having 
smoothed down each couch." Literally, "the couch." dtaorpuaavTa is 
from dtao-TptovvvfJi. Hemsterhuis and others read eK^notav for Kkiaiav, 
as referring to the " place of assembly." The meaning will then be, " having 
arranged the place of assembly." This lection, however, though sanctioned 
by great names, appears to us to make an awkward pleonasm with ev-&e- 
rrjoavra e/caora. — Kal diafpepeiv rag dyyeXiag, &c, " and to carry about 
the messages which I may receive from him, running up and down the 
whole day." Mercury means, by this, that he is no better off than a mere 
TjuspoSpouog, or day-runner. — etc kekovi/jevov, " while yet covered with 
dust," i. e., before I have had time to brush the dust off: perf. part. pass. 
of Kovio). — nplv de rbv vEtJvrjTov, &c, " before, too, this newly purchased 
cup-bearer came, I also used to pour out nectar." The allusion is to Gan- 
ymede, who was carried off from earth by the eagle of Jove, for the pur- 
pose of officiating as cup-bearer in the skies. The term veuvnrov appears 
to have reference to the legend of Jupiter's having given the famous steeds 
to Laomedon, as a recompense for the loss of his son. — evexeov, from ey^eo, 
and referring literally to the pouring of the nectar into the cups of the gods. 

19-27. dEivorarov. Supply sari. — fiovog rdv aXkav, " I alone of all" 
—^rCi diKaoTnpiu. Referring to the tribunal in the lower world. — ev tto- 
haiorpaig elvat. Mercury presided over all the exercises of the palsestra. 
- — Kav kKKXrjaiaig KvpvTTEiv, " and to make proclamation in public assem- 

Z 2 269 



NOTES ON PAGES 81 AND 82. 

Page 

Q 1 Mies," i. e., and to officiate as crier in public assemblies upon earth. 
Mercury was regarded also as the god of criers, heralds, &c. — 
nal ()TjTopag kfididdotieiv. As the inventor of language, Mercury became 
the god of oratory. — alV ere vsicpiKa, &c, " but I must, distracted as I 
am, take part, beside this, in the affairs of the dead :" fxe/iepiafievov is 
from fxepi^o). — Kairoi rd jxev rrjc A.r]6ac, &c, "although the (two) sons 
of Leda are each (in turn) every other day in heaven or in hades.'''' The 
reference is to Castor and Pollux. According to the old legend, Castor 
having been slain in an encounter (he being the mortal one of the two 
brothers), Pollux was inconsolable for his loss. Jove thereupon gave the 
latter his choice, of being taken up himself to Olympus and enjoying the 
honours of immortality, or of dividing them with his brother, and for the two 
to live day and day about in heaven and in the shades. Pollux chose the 
latter, and divided his immortality with Castor. — nal ravra Kanelva, " both 
these things as well as those :" ravra applies to his duties in heaven, and 
enelva (literally, " those things yonder") to his offices on earth and in the 
shades. 

28-33. Kal ol /nev ' klKfirjvric ml LefieXnc, " the sons of Alcmena and 
Semele also,'''' i. e., Hercules and Bacchus. Hercules was the son of Jupiter 
and Alcmena ; Bacchus the son of Jupiter and Semele the daughter of 
Cadmus. Supply vloi. — yev6\ievoi, " although produced." — 6 Se M.aiac, 
&c., " whereas I, the son of Maia, (who is) the daughter of Atlas." The 
full clause would be, hyu 6e, &v 6 vide Maiac. Mercury here prides him- 
self on his descent, his mother being a goddess, and the daughter, too, of one 
of the earliest deities, whereas Hercules and Bacchus are the sons of mortal 
women. — upri rjnavra, " having just come.'''' — 'kyfivopoc dvyarpbe. Allu- 
ding to Europa. — Treirofj.<pe. The perfect appears to be used here for the 
aorist e7te/j,ipe. Compare Matthite, G. G., § 502. — bipouevov, " to see." 
Literally, " for the purpose of seeing." — kircaKetljo^evoVy " to take a look 
at," i. e., to look, and see if all be well. 

g2 Line 1-5. Ids, " give a glance at." — oloc aTrnyopevica, " I" am 
completely tired out." — av qZiocra TteTrpaod-ai, " I would this very 
instant claim the privilege of being sold." Observe the force of the aorist, 
as indicating instantaneous action : ireTrpao-d-ai,, perf. infin. pass, of iwr- 
pdaKO). Observe the continuance of action here indicated by the perfect. 
Mercury does not wish to be sold merely for a season, but, as we would 
express it in common parlance, for good and all. — cxyirep ol hv yfj KaKtic 
dovlevovrec, " as those (slaves) on earth do, who lead too burdensome a 
servitude." The allusion here is to one of the Athenian laws, by which 
any slave, who was treated in too harsh and burdensome a manner, might 
claim the right of being sold to some gentler master. — ea ravra, (5 renvov, 
" don't mind these things, my child." Literally, " let these things (be so)." 
In this usage of kdo, some understand a verb in the infinitive, such as sk- 
irmreiv, or elvai. — ndvra, " in all things." — ovra, " since thou art." — 
goSec, " hie." 

9-12. &$ ov ye, &e, "from the time that I for my part exist and blow." 
In a literal translation the particle ye, which we have here applied to the 
person, imparts emphasis to acp' oi>. With ov supply %pbvov. The whole 
clause, with the ellipsis supplied, will be, «7ro rovrov rov xpbvov lip ov ye 
Xpbvov. — riva ravrrjv Tisyeic, &c, " what is this procession of which thou 
art speaking, Zephyrus V Literally, " what this procession art thou 
speaking of?" i. e., of what procession art thou making mention in this? 
Observe the peculiar idiom, which appears to have a species of attraction 
270 



NOTES ON PAGES 82 AND 83. 

l'age 

for its basis. The plain Greek would be, rig eariv avry rj rrofiTrr/, go 
r/v liyeig ; or, rzepl rivog rrofnrrjg Aeyetc ; — fj riveg ol Tre/nrovTeg 
7/oav ; " or who were they that made it ?" Literally, " that sent it on its 
way." 

13-17. air£?iei.<p-d-rjg, "thou wast away from." More literally, "thou 
wast left behind by." — olov ova av dl?.o, &c, "such a one as thou, in all 
likelihood, wilt never hereafter see." Observe the force of av with the op- 
tative, as denoting uncertainty. The literal meaning of the clause is, " such 
a one as thou, in all likelihood, wilt never hereafter see another (to be)." 
— yap. The particle is here elliptical, and we may supply some such phrase 
as ovk hdvvaftrjv idelv avro, " I couldn't help it, for" &c. — ETCETrvevaa 6s 
Tt, &c, " i" had just blown, too, on a part of the Indian Ocean, as much as 
lies along the shores of that land." Observe the peculiar reference to time 
indicated by the aorist. The full clause, from oca ivapdlia, &c, is as 
follows : baa /nspn avrfjg hart 7tapdlca fxeprt iniivvg Trig X&pag. With 
'IvdiKr/g supply ftaldoaing. — uv, by attraction for a. 

18-22. alia, "well then." — ri \ir)v, "why donH II" i. e., I know him 
very well. The particles ri fif/v are here equivalent to the Latin quidni ? 
and the more literal meaning of the clause, supplying at the same time the 
ellipsis, will be, " what indeed prevents my knowing him 1" or, as Hoogeveen 
expresses it, " quid impedit, quo minus hoc sit ita V — rcEpl avrifg EKEivrjg, 
&c, " I am going to tell thee about that same Europa." — fiibv, on oZevg, 
&c, "what? that Jupiter has been for a long time," &c. Literally, 
" whether is it that Jupiter," &c. With nolloi) supply xpovov. — yap. 
The particle is again elliptical. Supply as follows : " thou hast no need to 
tell me this, for," &e. 

23-34. ovicovv rov fiev, &c, " thou knowest, then, about his attachment 
for her." — ttjv rjiova, the shore near Sidon. — ra Kepara £VKa/j,ir7]g, " having 
his horyis gracefully curved." — haKipra ovv Kal avrbg, &c.> " he, of his own 
accord, thereupon, both began to leap about sportively on the shore." — 
dpofialog, "on a run," i. e., at full speed. — eftrceauv, " having rushed in." 
— EKTr?t,ayeiaa, from EKTrlijaGG). — elxero rov Ksparog, " kept clinging to his 
horn" Literally, "to the horn (nearest her)." The genitive is here em- 
ployed, as referring to a part. — ijvefjio^EVOv rov TterrT^ov avvelx^v, " she kept 
holding in her outer robe svielled forth by the wind." The 7re7r log was an 
outer robe, or mantle, passing over the left shoulder and under the right 
arm, leaving the right shoulder and arm uncovered and free. According to 
Eustathius (ad II., 5, 599), it was secured in front by a clasp. (Compare 
Winckelmann, Gesch. der Kunst des Alt., vol. iii., p. 26.) 

Line 1-6. r)5v tovto -&eaua, &c, "thou didst see in this, oh QQ 
Zephyrus, a pleasing sight." Literally, " thou didst see this as a 
pleasing sight." — Kal urjv, "yes, indeed, and." — rjdiu, syncopated and con- 
tracted from ijdiova. — aKv/icjv, " without a wave." — "Epureg 6e napaneTu- 
fitvot, &c. In this, and what follows, Lucian appears to be describing, in 
fact, some ancient painting of the story of Europa. — 7//u.fi£vag, from uttto). 

9-18. Kal el n alio, &c, " and if there was any other (race) of marine 
creatures, not fearful to behold," i. e., and whatever other marine creatures 
there were, not fearful to gaze upon. With alio supply yevog. — nap- 
oxovuevt/v, " riding by his side." Literally, " conveyed along by his side." 
— tt]v 'AfiQiTpirnv, " his Amphitrlte," i. e., his spouse Amphitrite. — r<p 
adsl^u. Jupiter, under the guise of the bull. — ttjv 'Acppodirvv, " the goddess 
Venus." The article is here emphatic. — ovketl hfy.aivETo, " was no longer 

271 



NOTES ON PAGES 83 AND 84. 

Page 

g^ visible." Literally, " no longer appeared." — ep-TcetJovTec, "having 
plunged (again) into (the deep)." — aAAof uXko tov nekdyovc, &c, 
" began to cleave, one one part, another another, of the deep." 

19-20. T £2 patcdpte, &c, " ah, fortunate Zephyrus ! on account of the 
sight which thou sawest," i. e., how fortunate wast thou in beholding so 
charming a sight ! — eyd) 6e, &c, " I, however, was all the while beholding 
griffons," &c. The griffons were among the number of fabulous animals 
supposed to exist in India and the remote east. 

21-25. T £2 Trdrep. Polyphemus was the fabled son of Neptune and 
Thoosa daughter of Phorcys. — ola neirov&a, &c, "what things I have 
suffered from that accursed stranger !" perf. mid. of 7rdcx°>- — KoifioftevG) 
kiuxeiprjoac, " having attacked me as I was sleeping." Supply \ioi. — to 
fiev irpurov, &c, " at first, he called himself Outis, by a wrong name." 
Literally, "he called himself Outis, away from his true name." Observe 
the force of cbro in composition. The narrative of Lucian is based on that 
given by Homer in the Odyssey (9, 305, seqq.). — nal efw rjv j3eXovc, " and 
was beyond the reach of any missile." — bvo/j.d&o-&ai etyn, " he said he was 
called." The reference being to the same person implied in the previous 
verb e(j>rj, the verb bvo/j,d£ecr&ai, which follows in construction, has the 
pronoun understood before it in the nominative, as will plainly appear from 
'Odvaaevc. 

26-34. olSa bv Myeic, " / know whom thou meanest." Literally, " I 
know the one of whom thou art speaking." — nartkabov kv r<p dvrpu), " 1 
caught in my cave." The verb KaTala/j,6dvo), like deprehendo in Latin, 
often denotes a coming suddenly upon another. So here the literal meaning 
would be, " I came suddenly upon." — 7ro7iXovc Tivac, " a number of fel- 
lows." rivac denotes contempt here. — rrj dvpa, " at the opening." — sari 
uol, " I have (for this purpose)." — dvinavaa, from dvaKaio. — o e<pepov 
devdpov, " the tree which I was carrying." The full clause would be, to 
dsvSpov, o divSpov e'tyepov. — uaTrep eIkoc rjv, " as was fair enough." 

QA Line 1-8. SISuai fioi, &c, " having poured it into a cup, gives me to 
drink a kind of poison," &c. Polyphemus, having been till then 
unacquainted with wine, and judging of it by its effects, calls it very appro- 
priately (pdpjiaKov Tt. If we render these words, as some do, " a kind of 
drugged (or medicated) drink," all their force evaporates. — Kal to cnrfkaiovy 
&c, "and the cave itself to be turned upside down."—r]fivv, equivalent 
here to f)v. — KaT£o-7vdo"&nv, " I was dragged down." A very graphic term 
to express the overpowering effects of liquor. — f O 6e, " the fellow there- 
upon." — tov iioxkov, " the stake (employed by him for the purpose)." 
Jacobs makes this refer to the trunk of the tree which the Cyclops had 
placed upon the fire. This, however, is not correct. As Lucian's dialogue 
is a kind of parody on the narrative of Homer, it is better to take the old 
bard for our guide. Homer states, that Ulysses cut off a portion of a large 
club, or walking-staff, and made use of this for blinding Polyphemus. As 
he afterward calls this instrument 6 fiox^oc hXalvoc, " the olive-stake," it 
is evident that Lucian, by his tov fxox^ov, means the same thing with Homer. 
The error in question has arisen, very probably, from not perceiving the 
peculiar force of the article. (Compare Horn., Od., 9, 319, seqq.) — utt' 
ekzivov. Supply xpovov. — tv(j>2,6c elfxi aoi, "am I blind for thee." The 
pronoun aoi is often employed thus, in familiar discourse, when the thing 
referred to is supposed to exert more or less influence upon the feelings of 
the party to whom the remark is addressed. 
272 



NOTES ON PAGES 84 AND 85. 

Page 

9-12. wc /3a&vv eKoifir/d-nc, " how soundly thou didst sleep." QA 
With fla&vv supply virvov. The literal translation is, " in how 
deep a slumber hadst thou lulled thyself to rest." ktcoi/uydng is the passive 
in a middle sense, and vttvov the accusative of nearer definition. — fieratjv 
TV(j>lovfj,£vog, "in the midst of being blinded," i. e., while the blinding was 
going on. — ov yap av, ev old' on, &c., "for he would not have been able, 
I know well, to remove," &c. The clause ei> old' on is inserted paren- 
thetically. It is wrong, therefore, to make the order of construction here, 
ev old' on oiiK av edwf]{rn, &c. On the contrary, ev old' ore is a clause 
by itself, and its full form is ev old' on tovto dln-&eg hart. 

13-16. aXk' eyb d(j>el?iov, "why, I myself took it away." Literally, 
" (he did not take it away) but I took it away." Observe the force of eyw. 
The personal pronouns are only expressed when emphasis or opposition 
is to be indicated. — jidTiTiov, " the more easily." — Kad-iaag. In a middle 
sense, where we may supply kfiavrov. — hd-fjpov, " I kept hunting for him." 
— evrei\dp.evog r<p icpicj, " having enjoined upon the ram." 

17-19. /^.av&dvo), vrr' eneivoLq, &c, "I understand; he escaped thy 
search, namely, by having gone out (of the cave) under these." The order of 
construction is, fiav&dvo, on ela&ev, &c, but on is to be rendered as equiv- 
alent merely to the Latin nempe or scilicet. — eKeivotg, referring to the 
sheep. Homer makes the companions of Ulysses to have escaped by means 
of the sheep, and Ulysses himself by the aid of the ram. 

20-22. owendXeaa, <3 Trdrep, nal t/kov, " I did call them together, my 
father, and they did come." — npovro, from epouai. — nayo) etpnv, &c, " and 
I said, His Outis." He tells them the name as a mere appellative, but 
they understand it in its original sense of " nobody," and hence conclude 
that he has lost his wits. — oly&evTeg, from oloficu. — &xovto dTuovrec, " they 
straightway departed." The verb olxojaat with a participle is used to in- 
dicate quickness, &c, of movement. 

23-28. nal b /ndliara, &c, " and yet what grieved me most was this, 
that," &c. Supply rjv tovto before on. — -d-dpaei, " never mind." Liter- 
ally, "be of good cheer." — d/nvvovfiai yap avrbv, "for I will take ven- 
geance upon him." — ra yovv tuv Trleovrov, &c, "at least, then, the fate 
of those who sail depends upon me," i. e., the fate of navigators, of whom 
Ulysses at the moment was one. 

29-34. rj "Epic, " the (goddess of) Discord." — to deinvov, referring to 
the banquet given at the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis, to which all the 
deities, except Discord, were invited. — diorc fiy nal avry, &c, " because, 
as is supposed., she too was not invited to the entertainment." The particle 
ov in Greek is employed where anything is immediately and directly denied ; 
but fifj, where that which is denied is a mere matter of supposition or con- 
jecture. We have endeavoured, therefore, to express the force of the latter 
particle, on the present occasion, by the words " as is supposed." — ev toc- 
ovto), " meanwhile." Supply ^povej. Literally, " during so much time," 
i. e., as the entertainment might last, and he himself be away from his 
watery realms. — firj -napovca, " since she was not present ," i. e., not having 
been invited. 

Line 1-6. anehriXvd-ecav, Attic for aKe\rfkv$eioav, from amp- g^ 
%ouai. — Tiad-ovaa Ttavrac, "having escaped the notice of all," i. e., 
unseen by any one. — tuv fiev tuvovtov, &c, "since some were carousing 
and some applauding, directing their attention either to Apollo as he played 
upon the lyre, or to the muses as they sang." The applauding divinities 

273 



NOTES ON PAGE 85. 

Paze 

g 5 are here distributed into two classes, those who listen to Apollo, 
and those who form the auditors of the muses. The words of the 
text, therefore, from i) rip 'Atto/Hovl down to rbv vovv inclusive, are 
merely an enlarged definition of hiov tcporovvruv. Gesner's Latin version, 
appended to several of the editions of Lucian, erroneously refers nporovv- 
Tuv to dancing. — to ov/Lnrociov, "the banqueting hall." — kveyeypairro tie, 
&.c, " and there was inscribed upon it, ' Let her that is beautiful take 
me.' " Literally, " let the beautiful one take me," i. e., the fairest among 
you. 

8-15. KareicXivovTO, "were reclining." Alluding to the ancient custom 
of reclining at meals. — Kaneidr], for teal eTreidrj. — ri yap eSei noieiv, &c, 
"for what did it behoove us to do when those goddesses were present ?" 
i. e., what had we, humble Nereids, to do with the matter, or how could 
we presume to contest the prize of beauty when, &c— at 6e avreiroiovvro 
endo-Tv, &c, "they, however, each laid claim to it, and insisted," &c. — Kal 
axpiX ei P& v i & c -' " th e affair would have advanced even to personal violence," 
i. e., they would have assailed each other with their hands. Literally, " the 
affair would have advanced even unto hands." — avrbc /uev ov Kpivij, "I 
vrill not decide myself." The circumflex on the final syllable shows npivd 
to be the future, whereas the acute on the penult would convert it into the 
present. Moreover, the penult of npivti is short ; of Kpivu, on the other 
hand, long. — avrbv SiKaaai rjgiovv, " desired him to settle the point." More 
literally, " they deemed it right for him to act as judge." 

16-22. rbv Upid/iov rcaZda. Paris. — be, "for he," equivalent to ovroc 
yap, as beginning a clause. — to koXKlov, " what is the more beautiful," i. e., 
whatever surpasses other things in beauty. — ri ovv al deal. Supply eiroln- 
aav. — npbc rrjv "\6r)v, where Paris was then residing as a shepherd. — fierd 
(iittpov. Supply xpovov. — rjdn croi (j>mj,l, " I tell thee now (beforehand)." 
Literally, "I tell thee already." — fjv fxr] ri, &c, "unless the umpire be in 
some way or other very dull of vision." 

23-27. Segal fie, &c, "receive me, oh Sea, having suffered dreadful 
things :" TTETcov&oTa, from 7raer£<y. — KardcBeaov, from tcaTaoBevvv/Lti. — ri 
tovto ; " what is this ?" i. e., what is this that I see in thy appearance? — 
naTwavoev, from /cara/cato. — dXV aTrnv&pdKUftai oAcjc, &c, " but 1 am 
quite reduced to a cinder, unfortunate one that 1 am, and I boil." Liter- 
ally, " but I, the unfortunate one, am quite reduced," &c. : airnv&p&KOfiai, 
perf. indie, pass, of aTrav&paKou. 

29-30. did rbv ravrnc, &c, " on account of the son of Thetis here." 
The allusion is to Achilles, and the dialogue turns upon the narrative of 
Homer as given in the Iliad (21, 214, seqq.). Observe the force of ravrnq 
in the text. As Thetis was a deity of the sea, she is supposed, of course, 
to be somewhere near. The pronouns ovroc and ode frequently obtain, in 
this way, the force of adverbs in English. — eirel yap (povevovra, &c, "for 
when I implored him as he was slaughtering," &c, i. e., implored him to 
desist. Supply avrbv as agreeing with (povevovra and governed by iKerevoa, 

31-34. akW virb ruv veKp&v, &c, " but kept damming up my current 
with the (bodies of the) dead," i. e., with the corses of those whom he was 
slaughtering. Observe the force of the imperfect dne^parre, from a7ro- 
<j>pdrro). — rove d-d-Tiiovc, " the wretched, ones." — eir^l-&ov, " I went against 
him." — eiriK^vGai, governing avrbv understood. — dir6ox 0iT0 ™v dvdptiv, 
"he might refrain from the men." Literally, " might hold himself from 
the men." Observe the force of the middle. — ervxe yap, &c., "for he 
274 



NOTES ON PAGES 85 AND 86. 

Page 

chanced to be somewhere in the vicinity." This is a common con- g 5 
struction of rvyxdvo with a participle, and is analogous to the Latin 
forte with a verb. — nav, olficu, baov kv, &c, "came upon me, bringing 
(with him) all his fixe, 1 think, as much as he had in Lemnos, and as much 
as he had in Mtna, and if (he had any more) anywhere else,'" i. e., and as 
much as he had in any other quarter. Lemnos and JEtna were the two 
fabled seats of Vulcan's labours, and where his forges were said to be 
placed. 

Line 4—5. avrbv de e/ie, &c, "and having caused me myself to gg 
boil over, he has almost made me entirely dry." Whenever the 
Attics wish to make the reflective pronouns ejuavrov, aeavrov, &c, em- 
phatic, they separate the component parts and invert them as in the present in- 
stance. — VTvepKax^daai. This verb has a particular reference, not expressed, 
however, in the translation, to the noise made by water in a boiling state. — 
[iinpov delv, " almost.'''' An idiomatic form of expression, where uare seems 
to have been originally understood, " so as to want little." To the same 
effect is bMyov delv. Directly opposite to these is the phrase noTCkov delv. 
Thus, o, ttoXKov delv, e'nrot rtc dv, " which any one would be far enough 
from saying." — birug didnei/xat, " in what state I am." Literally, "how 
I am affected." 

7-8. fioTiepbc. Supply etc. — Edv&e. The Xanthus and Simois were 
the two famous rivers of the plain of Troy. Another name for the Xanthus 
was the Scamander. According to Homer, the river was called Xanthus 
by the gods, and Scamander by men. — cbc elude, " as is but natural." 
Erroneously rendered here by some, " as it seems." — to alfia fiev, &c, 
" 'tis the blood from the corses ; and the heat, as thou sayest, from the fire." 
This is a much simpler way of rendering, with an ellipsis merely of earl, 
than to understand, with some, tovto 'enoirjoav. 

9-11. Kal e'lKoruc, "and rightly art thou in this condition." Supply 
ovtcj dcdneLGat. — be upfinaac, " since thou didst make an onset." — vlovbv. 
The Sea was the mother of Thetis. — ovk aldec&eic, &c, "having shown 
him no respect for being the son of a Nereid." Literally, " because he 
was." Equivalent to ovk aldecr&elc avrbv Nnpntdoc vlbv bvra. — ovk edet 
ovv. Supply kfie. — yeirovac bvrac, " who were my neighbours." 

15-17. ri ayxeic, &c, "why, oh Protesilaus, having made an attack 
upon Helen, art thou trying to strangle her ?" — rjfiLTeTirj fiev, &c, " having 
left my dwelling only half completed and my newly-married wife a widow." 
The female referred to is Laodamia. Much difference of opinion exists 
among the commentators on Lucian, with regard to the expression i^inreXri 
douov in the text. Hemsterhuis and others refer it to the want of offspring, 
&c, and think that Lucian means to explain it by what follows immediately 
after, namely, xvp av $* T h v vedyauov yvvalna. As, however, the expres- 
sion is an Homeric one (for it occurs at E., 2, 701, where the allusion is 
also to Protesilaus), it will be best to render it in accordance with Homeric 
simplicity, and the manners of an early age. The ddfioc r}\iiTe'kfiq, then, of 
Protesilaus is merely the half-finished mansion, to which, when completed, 
he intended to remove his young bride Laodamia from her father's home ; 
a plan frustrated, however, by the summons to join the Grecian army for 
Troy. 

19-22. alriC) roivvv, &c, " blame, then, this Menelaus here :" alricb is 
the 2d sing. pres. imperat. contracted for alrtdov, from alridofiai. Observe 
the force of the article here, which indicates a pointing towards Menelaus, 

275 



NOTES ON PAGES 86 AND 87. 

Page 

86 — vnep roiavTrjQ yvvaiKdc, " on account of such a woman." Ex- 
pressive of contempt, and referring to Helen. — ekeZvov fiot ahiaTeov, 
"him must I blame.'''' Supply kari. Verbals in -teov denote necessity, 
and govern the dative of the person together with the case of their own 
verb. — ovk kfis, d> (SeXtcgte, " not me, my very good sir." ovk e/ie is here 
elliptical, for ovk e/j.e airtarEOV aoi kari, " thou must not blame me." 

23-28. oc_ k/iov tov t-Evov, &c, " who ran off with the wife of me his host, 
contrary to everything that was just." Literally, " who departed, having 
carried off the wife of me his host, contrary to all just things." Paris 
was hospitably entertained by Menelaus at the time of the abduction of 
Helen. — kfiov, the more emphatic form of the personal pronoun. — afistvov 
gvtg), " His letter so" i. e., 'tis better for me to act as thou hast just rec- 
ommended. The full clause is, ajieivov kari juol ovtu ttoleIv. — as TOtya- 
povv, c5 Avairapt, &c, " thee, therefore, ill-fated Paris, I will never, de- 
pend upon it, let escape from my hands." The appellation AvcnrapLc is of 
Homeric origin (II., 3, 39). Observe the force of Tocyapovv, " on this ac- 
count, depend upon it," or " on this very account truly," where four par- 
ticles (rot, ye, apa, and ovv) are combined. 

29-32. aduca Trotfiv, &c, " acting unjustly towards me (all the while), 
oh Protesilaus, and that, too, when I am of the same calling with thyself." 
Supply Efih with adtna iroiuv, the participle governing a double accusative. 
The words udtKa txolCjv must be taken in connexion with what immediately 
precedes. The full expression will be as follows : nal e/lle ovk atyyoeic ttote 
and ruv xeip&v, ddiKa ttoluv, " and thou wilt never (as thou sayest) let 
me escape from thy hands, acting unjustly towards me (all the while)," i. e., 
and if thou doest so thou wilt be acting an unjust part. Some very awk- 
wardly make ttomv here equivalent to tzolelc, and, what is very surprising, 
Jacobs himself is among the number. — kporriKog yap koI avroc, &c, "for 
I myself, too, am a lover, and am held down (in subjugation) by the same 
god," i. e., by the god of love, or "'Epcoc, as implied in EpurtKog. — 6c u,kov- 
aov ri kari, " what an involuntary thing it is." Referring to the passion 
of love. For a literal translation, say " what an involuntary thing the loving 
is," and supply to hpav. — 6 daifiav, " this divinity," referring again to Eros. 

QJ Line 1-9. Ec-&e oiv fiot, &c, " would, then, it were possible for me 
to catch that Love here /" — to. 6iKaia, "what is just." — ^oel yap 
avrbc, &c, "for he will say, that he himself was perhaps the cause of love 
to Paris." Literally, " the cause of his loving," tov spdv being equivalent 
to a verbal noun. Observe the nominative with the infinitive, as referring 
to the same person implied in (pf/GEi. — tov -QavaTOv 6e, &c, " but that no 
one else was the cause of death to thee, save thine own self." Supply ys- 
yevija-&ai afriov, and observe the change to the accusative with the infinitive, 
the reference being no longer to the same person that is implied in (pr/aet. 
— £K?M&6{j.£vog, "having completely forgotten," from EKlav&dvu. — rrpo- 
en7]67]oag tuv uTiXcjv, "didst leap forth before the rest." The genitive 
alXov is governed by itpb in composition. — do^rjc kpao&Eic, " enamoured 
of glory." — Trp&Tog kv ttj uTTo6dc£t, &c. Compare Homer, 77., 2, 701. 

10-13. a-KOKpivovjiai diKawrepa, " I will give a still more just reply," 
i. e., still more just than that which thou hast just given for Eros. — Kal to 
ovtoc. ETriKEKlcjodai, " and its having been so decreed," i. e., by fate : perf. 
infin. pass, of ettik?icj-&o) — tc oiiv tovtovc ahid ; "why then dost thou 
blame these here?" 2d sing. pres. indie, of aiTidofiat. 

14-15. to KfjToe v/ncJv, "that sea-monster of yours." The Greeks use 
276 



NOTES ON PAGES 87 AND 88. 

Page 

the personal for the possessive pronoun (as here, v/j.&v for vfierepov) QJ 
where an emphasis is required. — o EirEfiipare. The sea-monster 
was sent to ravage the coast of Ethiopia, because Cassiope, the mother of 
Andromeda, had boasted that she was fairer than Juno and the Nereids. 
The oracle of Ammon, on being consulted by Cepheus, monarch of the 
country, declared, that the only wayjrf escaping from this evil was to ex- 
pose Andromeda to the monster, which was accordingly done. This is 
what Lucian means by the words b km ttjv tov K-nQiug dvyarepa t?)v 
'Avdpo/xedav EKzppaTE. 

18-23. aTTEKTEivev. Supply avrb. — fiera 7zo7^fjg dvvdfiEwg, "with a, 
large force." — ovk, "no." — b fiera rijg (inrpbg, &c, "whom, together with 
his mother, in the coffer, when cast upon the sea by his maternal grand- 
father, you saved from destruction." Acrisius, king of Argos, exposed his 
daughter Danae, and her offspring Perseus, in an open coffer on the sea. 
They were saved by the Nereids, and wafted to the island of Seriphus. — 
avrovc. Referring to the mother and the son. 

24-32. eUdg 6e, " and it is a fair supposition." Supply earl. — veavcav, 
agreeing with avrbv understood. — ideiv, " to be beheld," i. e., to the view. 
ov yap 6t) avrbv kxprjv, "for it surely did not behoove him." — hard/in, from 
gteTJm. — d-&2,6v Ttva rovrov, &c, " to perform in this a certain task for 
the king (of Seriphus)." Literally, " to perform this as a certain task." 
e7ute?mv is the future participle active, Attic contracted form for hure- 
?Jguv. — r<y /3acriAei. Alluding to Polydectes, king of Seriphus, to which 
island the coffer had been carried by the winds and waves. — ev&a rjaav, 
" where were" .... he was going to add, " the Gorgons," but the other 
interrupts him. In strictness, therefore, fjaav agrees with at TopyovEC 
unenunciated. — avfiudxovg, " as auxiliaries." 

Line 2-6. ottov divrfivro, "to the quarter where they dwelt." Qg 
Alluding to the Gorgons. Supply kvrav-&a (indicating motion to a 
place) before ottov. — dinruvro, from 6catrdo/J.ai. — fyx 67 * d,TTOTTrd/u,£vog, "flew 
quickly away." — tt&c I66v, &c, " in what way having got a view of them, 
for they are not lawful to be beheld," i. e., it is not lawful to look upon 
them. — tj of av Idv, &c, " or else, whoever beholds them, will not in all like- 
lihood, after this, behold anything else." Observe here the peculiar force 
which the particle av gives to the optative, as a softening down of the future. 

7-12. T7)v dcTzida wpoQatvovaa, " displaying her shield in front of him." 
— ai'Tov, referring to Perseus.' — s? 'Ai9-7?vd 6tj, "Minerva, 1 say." The 
sentence which had been broken off by the parenthesis is here renewed by 
means of the particle 6tj, or rather a new sentence is made to begin. — 
TcapEGxev avrC) 16elv, " enabled him to see." — ?,a66p:£vog r/jg KOfivg, " having 
seized her by the hair." The genitive, of course, is here employed, as re- 
ferring to a part of the whole, namely, the part seized. — hopuv 6e kg ttjv 
EiKova, "and (at the same time) looking in the shield at the image." — ttjv 
upnnv, "his short sickle-shaped sword." The harpe (upTrn) of Perseus 
often appears in antiquities. It resembles the sword with which Saturn is 
sometimes represented, and which he employed in mutilating his father 
Uranus. Mercury appears in the Stosch collection, holding this same kind 
of sword in one hand, and the head of Argus in the other. The Lycians 
and Carians, in the army of Xerxes, are said by Herodotus to have been 
armed with a similar weapon. (Herod., 7, 92. — Winckelmann, Gesch. der 
Kunsl des Alt., vol. i., p. 184.) 

13-17. Kal ttdIv dvsypEC'&at rag adeXoac, " and before her sisters ayjoke :" 
A a 277 



NOTES ON PAGE 88. 

Page 

gg 2d aor. infin. raid, of uvsyelpo). — ettec 6e Kara rrjv rrapdliav, &c, 
" but when he was come unto this part of ^Ethiopia, that lies along 
the sea." 1 " 1 — 7rpoK£ifj.£vnv, " lying exposed " — Trpo<77r EiraTTalevpEvnv, "firmly 
riveted thereto" from 7rpoa7raTra?iEvo). — Kad-ei/Mvnv rac tcofiac, " having 
her hair hanging down." Literally, " hanging down as to her hair :" 
Ka-d-et/ievTjV, from Ka^ivfju. The participle here, by a concise mode of ex- 
pression, is made to agree with the person instead of the thing. 

19-25. rrjv rvxnv avT?jg, " her lot." — rf/c naradi/cnc, " of her condemna- 
tion,' 1 '' i. e., of her having been condemned to this state. — Kara fittcpov 6e 
dTiovc, &c, "having become, however, gradually enamoured, he resolved to 
aid her." Literally, " having, however, by little (and little) been captivated 
by love." akovg is the 2d aor. part. act. of akiaKU), with a passive meaning. 
The 2d aor. and perfect act. of this verb have a passive force. — cjc nara- 
iriOjievov, "in order to devour," fut. part. mid. of nar air iv to. The particle 
uc is often joined with the future participle to indicate intention or design. 
— ry jxev. Supply x ei P L i as referring to the hand armed with the sword. — 
r?) 6e, TTpodetKvvc, &c, "while, displaying in front of him with the other 
the Gorgon-head." Supply x u P L again. — avro, referring to the monster. 
— ttjv Topyova, equivalent here to ttjv Topyovoc Kttya'kqv. — to de TetivnuEv 
6/j.ov, &c, " it thereupon, at one and the same moment, died, and the 
greater part of it, as much as had seen Medusa, became stiffened (and pet- 
rified)." Literally, " and most parts of it, as many as," &c. With iroXXa 
supply fispn. 

26-30. vttoox^v tt/v x £ Zp a > u having held his hand under," i. e., as a 
support. — bTiLod-npae ovonc, " which was smooth and slippery." — ev rod 
K?;0e6>c, " in the mansion of Cepheus." Supply oIko). — nai dird^et avrrjv, 
" and he intends to lead her away." — yd/aov ov rbv rvxovra, " no ordinary 
match," i. e., a husband of no ordinary rank. The participle of rvyxdvo 
is often used in this sense. Thus, 6 rvx&v, " an ordinary person" (i. e., 
a person whom one meets with at any time or place) ; rd rvxovra, " com- 
mon" or " ordinary things." Hence ydfiov ov rbv rvxovra would mean 
literally, " a match not such as one meets with every day," i. e., not an 
every-day match. 

31-36. ri yap -h nalc, &c, "for what harm did the girl do us ?" Literally, 
"in what did the girl wrong usl" — tote, "on that occasion" referring to 
the time, now gone by, when the offence was first given. — nai rt&ov nah- 
Muv elvat, " and claimed to be fairer than we." Supply fj/utiv, as governed 
by the comparative. — ore ovroc av, &c. " (The girl ought to have perished 
notwithstanding), because in this way Cassiope would have grieved for 
her daughter, if she had at least a mother's feelings." Hemsterhuis cor- 
rectly remarks, that these words are not meant as a direct answer to what 
immediately precedes, but that something must be supplied in order to con- 
nect them with what goes before. — fiyrnp ye ovaa. More literally, " if, at 
least, she were a mother."- — el ri (3dp6apoc yvvq, &c, " if a. barbarian 
female has asserted anything beyond her merits," i. e., beyond what she had a 
right to assert. The expression el ri takes here the place of ariva (" what- 
soever things a barbarian female has uttered," &c). So, in Latin, we have 
often si quid for quae. 
278 



NOTES ON PAGE 89. 



GEOGRAPHY. 



Line 5. t% doiKrjTOV, "which is incapable of being inhabited." QQ 
Supply ovens after tjjc. — role 'Afia%oinoLe, " the wagon-inhabiting 
(Scythians)," i. e., the Scythians who live in wagons. These tribes had no 
towns or villages, and no fixed places of residence. Their wagons served 
them for dwellings, and they roamed about with their families and herds to 
any quarter where they could find good pasturage. Hence they are also 
called by the Greek writers 'AfiatjoCtoi (Hamaxobii). We have adopted in 
the text the reading 'A/natjotKotc, as far preferable to the common lection 
'Afia£;iK0LC. Besides 'A/zufot/cot occurs elsewhere in Strabo, from whom the 
present extract is made, but 'Afia^iKoi not at all. (Compare Tzschucke, 
ad Strab., 11, p. 492, Cas.) Jacobs speaks of 'AfiaZoctcotc as a suggestion 
of Oertel's. Coray, on the other hand, appears to regard it as an emenda- 
tion of his own, and it is assigned to him as such by Friedemann (ad Strab., 
2, p. 126, Cas.). The alteration is, in fact, a very obvious one, and might 
have suggested itself to many at the same time. — rote rcepl rbv Tdvaiv, 
&c, "who live around the Tanais and the sea Maotis" &c. Literally, 
" who are." Supply ova. 

7-10. r?~]c tie oinvo-Lfiov, &c, " now, of the habitable region, the part that 
is very inclement, and that which is mountainous, are dwelt in with great 
toil, by reason of their very nature ; and yet even those parts, that are with 
difficulty inhabited, are tamed down (and made productive) on having re- 
ceived skilful cultivators." With oiKnatfiov supply ^wpaf, with dvaxeifiepov 
and bpeivbv supply fiepoc, and ftsprj with rd oiKovfieva. — Kad-drrep, " as, for 
instance." — Karexovrec, "though possessing." — cjkow naltic, "neverthe- 
less dwelt comfortably and well." naXug is here best expressed by two 
English adverbs. — Sid rrjv Trpovotav rrjv, &c., "on account of the prudent 
foresight, exercised by them in things that appertained to government, and 
the arts, and to the knowledge that was otherwise requisite for the manage- 
ment of life." Literally, " on account of the foresight that was to them," 
&c. The full form is rqv irpovocav rrjv ovaav. So again, towards the end 
of the clause, the full form is ttjv dXknv avveatv ttjv ovaav. When an ar- 
ticle is repeated in this way after a noun, it has generally a participle con- 
nected with it, either expressed or understood. — nal rove dypiorepove, &c, 
" taught even those more savage than the rest to live under regular govern- 
ment," i. e., in regularly organized society. — dypiurepovg, agreeing with 
av&pu-K0vc, as implied in £-&vn. 

15-19. nal ravrv, Sioti, "in this respect also, that . . . ." — -ftvufiara 6e 
teal, &c, " whereas they procure aromatics and precious stones from abroad, 
to those who are deprived of which things life is in no respect worse off than 
it is to those who abound in them," i. e., those, who have them not, live as 
happily as those who have them. — wf 6' avrug, " in like manner too," put 
for uaavruc d&- 

22-25. Xsttttjv exovra yrjv, " having only a thin covering of soil." — r-nv 
KoXkriv, "for the most part." Supply fiepcda, and consult Bos, Ellips. Gr., 
s. v. fiepic. — 7] 6e rcpoaGopp'oc. Supply /xepic. — 7rpoc rrj rpaxvTvrc, " in 
addition to its ruggedness" i. e., the rough and uneven character of the 
ground. — irdaa axeoov tl, "is nearly all." The indefinite ti is very often 
joined in this way with adverbs, or neuter adjectives standing as adverbs, in 
order to temper the expression. Consult Malth., G. G.,§ 487. — nal given 

279 



NOTES ON PAGES 89 AND 90. 

Page 

gQ 8ia<pep6vTug, "and especially the portion that lies without the Pil- 
lars (of Hercules)," i. e., without the Straits of Gibraltar. The 
full form of expression would be 57 fiEplc ij ovaa ego arrfkwv. 

26-28. tt]v BaiTiKTjv, " Bcetica," one of the divisions of Spain. Supply, 
for a literal translation, yrjv. — aoyuTaToi, " the most intelligent." — avaixXi- 
eTai, "is navigated up stream.'''' Strabo, in explanation of dvaTrAeerai, 
adds elc tt]v /xeaoyalav, &c, which Jacobs here omits. — e'lcI, a deviation 
from the common rule, which would require earl with neuters plural. 

QQ Line 2-5. ovtol .... fiL^oQayovvTEc.. Observe the masculine here, 
although the neuter, Xayidiuv (from "kayidiov), precedes. Such de- 
viations from the ordinary rule of gender frequently occur, when the writer has 
in his mind some other word, different in form, though the same in meaning 
with the word which he has just written. So here Strabo has Tiayool in 
view, not layidta. (Compare the remarks of Duker, ad Thucyd., 2, 47.) — 
oide 67], "nor even indeed.'''' — ovdafiov t?}c yf/e, &c, "has been found to 
be produced anywhere on earth, up to the present day, either in so great 
abundance or of so good a quality,' 1 '' i. e., has been discovered to exist, &c. 
The verb e^erd^o) indicates here the result of actual examination and com- 
parison. With the phrase ovda/iov rjjc yrje (literally, " nowhere, in respect 
of earth"), compare the Latin nusquam terrarum. 

7-13. ov iitraXktvzrai \16vov, &c, "is not obtained by mining merely, 
but is also washed down." Literally, "but is also dragged down," i. e., 
by the force of the waters. — ttjv xpvalTW afj.fj.ov, " the auriferous sand." 
Sometimes expressed by a single word ^ptio-ajU/zof. — d/M/ ekel, "in the 
latter, however," i. e., in the places that are free from water. — ETTUikvaToig, 
"washed by bodies of water." — to ipjjyfja, " the fine grain." — ac naXovcL 
Trdlac, " which the natives call pala." There appears to be some error 
here in the Greek text, as regards this native term. Pliny (33, 4) says that 
the Spaniards called the lumps of gold " palacra" or " palacrana," that is, 
making allowance for the Latin termination, " palacr" or " palacran." He 
also states, that they called the fine grain of gold " balluc." (Hispani quod 
minutum est ballucem vocant, &c, 33, 3). For ira/iac, therefore, in Strabo 
we ought probably to read irakaKaq. 

16-23. dLa7TE7T2.Eyfj.Evac vsvpoic, "formed of the sinews of a/nimals inter- 
lacing each other" — TrspLTTOTEpov, "unusually well." The ellipsis may 
be supplied by rov kolvov, just as TreptTTov among the ancient rhetori- 
cal writers is opposed to kolvov and dnfj-cbSsc. {Ernesti, Lex. Techn., 
s. v.) — aavvioLc olooLdr/poic ayKLarpudECLv, " barbed javelins all of iron." 
As regards the force of dyKLGrpudso-Lv here, compare the expression riyKia- 
rpufiEvac anidac employed by Plutarch in speaking of the barbed arrows of 
the Parthians. (Vit. Crass., c. 25). — evklvvtol, " nimble." — ettittjSevovgl, 
" they perform." — ml TTEpLcxovaav, &c, " and requiring great agility of 
limbs." — 7rpo<: p'v&fibv, "tvith a regular cadence." 

25-31 . Kara to inpoc, " in their height." Literally, " as to their height." 
— t&v dXkuv, "from all others." Literally, " from the rest." — ttoIIuv 
de ovtov. The particle 6e is equivalent here to yap. — cKpsvrov 7rvp, " who 
had been careless with fire." More literally, " having neglected fire." This 
is often erroneously rendered, " who had set fire to it." The source of 
the mistake is in the Latin version of Rhodomann. — KaraKafjvaLy from 
KaTaKaio. — avxvag ijuepac, "for many days in succession." — ttjv ETXLfydv- 
eiav, " the surface." — KXn&rjvai Hvpvvala. The meaning is, that they 
were called TLvpvvala {bpn), from Trvp, "fire" as we would say in English 
280 



NOTES ON PAGES 90, 91, AND 92. 

Page 

"the fire-mountains," or " the burnt mountains." This derivation, QQ 
like so many others on the part of the Greek writers, is good for 
nothing. The true etymology is from the Celtic Pyren, or Pyrn, meaning 
" a high mountain," and from this same root may be deduced the name of 
Mount Brenner in the Tyrol ; that of Pyern in Upper Austria, and many 
others. (Consult Adelung, Mithridates, vol. ii., p. 67.) 

33-36. rfjg 6e rovrov, " and that, the value of this metal being unknown 
to the natives." — efiTroplatg xpu^evovg, " oeing traders." Literally," making 
use of traffickings." — dyopd&iv rbv dpyvpov, &c, " bought up the silver 
by a trifling exchange of other commodities,'''' i. e., by giving in exchange 
for it some trifling articles of merchandise. 

Link 5-13. yv/nvovg rf/g ead-rjrog, " bare of attire." — BaTCkiapelg, QT_ 
" Balledres." — Ka?Jaara, "most skilfully." — Kara rag rro?,e[J.LKdg 
Xpeiag, "for warlike purposes." Literally, "for warlike uses." — uare 
donelv -b j3l7}&ev, &c, " that what is (thus) discharged appears to be borne 
onward from some catapulta," i. e., from some military engine. As regards 
the catapulta, consult the note on line 25, page 43. 

15-23. tj YaXaria. We must bear in mind, when reading the account 
of the Gallic climate in the text, that ancient Gaul extended northward to 
the mouths of the Rhine. — dtacpcpovrtoc, "in an especial degree." — avrl 
fiev rtiv oftBpov, " instead of the shoxcers (that fall in more southern lands)." 
Observe the force of the article. — %lovi ^oXkrj vi^erat, " it is snowed upon 
with much snow." We must be careful not to regard vfyerai here as an 
impersonal. Compare Herodotus (4, 31) and Xenophon (Hist. Gr., 2, 4, 
2), where the passive voice of v'upcj is employed with the same meaning as 
in our text. — Kara 6e rag a't&piag, " while, under clear, calm skies" i. e., 
in clear, calm w T eather. — 6 id rfjg IScag (pvaecog yeqvpovvrai, '•'• are bridged 
over by their own nature," i. e., without the assistance of art. — oi rvxovreg 
66lrat, " ordinary travellers." Consult note on line 29, page 88. — Kar' 
b/lyovg, " in small parties." — Kara rov Kpvord?Ji,ov, " along the ice," i. e., 
over the ice. — 6ta6aivovctv. Supply rovg r:ord/j,ovg.- — arparorceduv jiv~ 
piddeg, "armies of ten thousand men." The definite number is here used 
as an indefinite. It is the same as saying, " entire armies of many thousand 
men." 

26-35. re/avovrov, " intersecting." — rag rrnyag Kal rag eTiipp'oiac; "their 
sources and their supplies." — uneavbv. The Atlantic. — oi be elg rrjv, &c, 
" and others into our sea." Referring to the Mediterranean. The ex- 
pression is analogous to the Mare nostrum of the Latin writers. — elg rb 
Ka&' rjjidg ~e%ayog, "into our deep." The reference is the same as in the 
preceding sentence. — elg ttjv ecu -&d?Mcraav, "to the inner sea. 1 " Again 
alluding to the Mediterranean. The Greek is nothing more than a transla- 
tion of the well-known form Mare Internum. — ical efiTraXtv, " and back 
again." — bliyov rivuv xup'iw, " only a few places." 

Line 3-10. bpvx'&elaiv, from bpyocu. — hid puKpbv, " to (only) Q2 
a little depth." — Trldiceg, "plates," i. e., laminae. — eo"&' ore, "some- 
times." Contracted from ten ore. — rb de ?i,onvbv, &c, " the rest consists 
of the fine grain, and of lumps, these also requiring no great degree of la- 
bour," i. e., which in like manner require, &c. — KptKOvg naxelg o?Mxpvcovg, 
" thick collars of solid gold." 

14-16. Kal rb Kpdrtarov, &c, " and these furnish the Romans with their 
best cavalry," i. e., the best cavalry in the Roman armies is obtained from 
Gaul. — tcj <5e d7r?„c5 Kal -&vfiiKcj, &c, " but (at the same time) there is added 

A a 2 281 



NOTES ON PAGES 92 AND 93. 

Page 

92 t0 thi s simple and irascible character, on the part of the Gauls, muck 
of thoughtlessness, arid vain-boasting, and fondness for ornament." 
Literally, " there is added for the Gauls." — Kadvypot, icac Xevkol, " succulent 
and fair." — a?\,la nal did rriq KaraaKzvfic, &c, " but they strive also to 
increase the native peculiarity of its colour by artificial means." The ex- 
pression tt]v (pvoiKTjv rfjq xp° ac iocoTtjTa refers to the to %av&6v, or ruddy 
colour of their hair. 

23-24. 6ta<pavElc, " of a clear, bright colour." — nai and ruv ustuttuv. 
&c, " they draw them back even from their foreheads to the top of the head, 
and (thence) to the tendons of the neck." — uars ttjv npoaotpLV, &c, " so that 
their look appears like (that of) Satyrs and Pans." The Havec of the 
Greeks were the same with the Fauni or Panisci of the Latin writers. 
Sometimes, as we are informed by the scholiast on Theocritus (4, 62), 
both the Satyri and the Sileni were called Pans. (Consult Toup, ad 
Schol., I. c). The ancient artists always represented the hair of the Satyrs 
and Fauns as erect, and, at the same time, curling a little over towards 
the upper part. The term applied to this mode of arranging the hair was 
ev&v&ptt; (Pollux, 2, 22), and it is alluded to by Suetonius in speaking 
of the personal appearance of Augustus (" capillum leniler inflexum habuit." 
Aug., 79). The god Pan was also thus represented, and hence the epithet 
<f>pi£;oKdunc given him in poetry. (Brunck., Anal., 1, 197.) The object in 
arranging the hair thus was to make it resemble more that of the goat. — 
(Compare Winckelmann, Gesch. der Kunstdes Alt. r vol. ii., p. 220.) 

25-26. TtaxvvovraL and ttjq KarepyaoiaQ, " are rendered coarse by this 
treatment," i. e., by working them in this way. — rfjc rdv Itttcuv, &c. The 
coarseness thus imparted to the hair of the Gauls, and which made it re- 
semble horse's hair, gave, of course, a more animal-appearance to the vis- 
age, and hence the comparison between it and the look of Satyrs. 

28-29. fierpiuc VTTOTpscpovaiv, " nourish a moderate beard underneath." 
— rag 6' VTzrjvac, &c, " but leave the hair on the upper lip to itself," i. e., 
allow it to grow. More literally, "but permit the hair on the upper lip to 
be left to itself." 

32-36. cvviopioiv. Analogous to the Latin bigce. — ical TrapaBdryv, "and 
a warrior by his side." — rag rzapard^ttc, " their arrays of battle." — rcpod- 
yeiv rrjc Trapard^euc, "to advance in front of the line." — orav 6£ tic vita- 
Kovcrf, &c, " and whenever any one lends a willing ear to them for the fight " 
i. e., whenever any one accepts the challenge. 

QQ Line 1-10. k^vjivovGL, " they hymn forth." — tov avriTaTTopevov, 
" their antagonist." Literally, " the one who stations himself over 
against them." — TtepiaTtTovci, "they attach all around." — yfiayjiha, from 
aifidcato. — naiavifrvTeg, "uttering paans." — koX to, dupoSivia Tavra, 
" and these first-fruits of their valour." — KedptJoavTec, " having anointed 
them with oil of cedar." The oil of cedar so often mentioned, as an anti- 
septic, by the ancient writers, appears to have been analogous to our pyro- 
ligneous acid. 

11-13. naTavTinpv tuv '~EpKvviov, &c, "over against the woods called 
Hercynian" i. e., over against what are called the Hercynian woods. The 
reference is to the mountains and woods of Northern Germany. The Her- 
cynian forest was of vast extent, and traversed a large part of ancient Ger- 
many, and it will be remembered that the term Talaria, in the text, com- 
prises more than modern France to the north. — uv kan [ila Kal fiEyioTriy 
" of which there is one even very large of size" 
282 



NOTES ON PAGES 93 AND 94. 

Page 

19-23. TrapadedovTac, "are said." The verb literally refers to a OQ 
handing down by tradition. — evTelelc, " of cheap construction.'''' — 
tuv vvv av&puTTcjv, referring to the inhabitants of more civilized countries. 
— rdc re dialrac evreletc exeiv, &c, " that they lead, moreover, a frugal 
mode of life, and one far removed from the luxury engendered bytoeallh." 
More literally, "that they have, moreover, their rales of life frugal (in their 
character), and departing much from," &c. 

29-34. Belepiov. Called by the Latin writers Bolerium ; now the Land's 
End, in Cornwall. — nal 6ta ttjv tuv %evuv, &c, " and, by reason of the 
intermingling of foreign traders (with them), softened down in their habits 
of life." Literally, "tame as to their habits of life." — top Kaaairepov 
tcaTaoKEvd&vGLv, "prepare the tin." The article is here employed as in- 
dicating a well-known commodity obtained from this quarter. — (j)LAorexvug 
kpya&fievoL, " skilfully working," i. e., mining. — r\ ■KAeiarv. Supply fiepcc. 
— TTolld. Supply fiipn. 

Line 4-12. evtoi, "some of them." — Sta to dyvoelv, "out of Q/|. 
pure ignorance." — iroAetg Se avrtiv, &c, "their towns, moreover, 
are the forests," i. e., the forests supply the place of towns. — KaTa6e67~.nfj.e- 
voic, "felled for the purpose." — KaAv6oTrocovvTai, " they build their cabins." 
Observe the force of the middle. — ov irpoc ttoavv xpovov, " not, however, 
for any long period." The accumulation of animal matter, occasioned by 
a long stay in one spot, would produce sickness.— ol dspec, " their climate." 
— narixei, "prevails." Literally, "holds possession of the country." 
Supply ttjv yfjv. — rac 7repi tt)v, &c, "about middoAj." Literally, "which 
are about midday." Supply ovaac. 

14-18. fiinpov e^aXkaTTOVGi, " differ a little from the Gallic nation in 
both their greater degree of savageness, and stature, and ruddiness of 
looks," i. e., are still more savage, &e., than the Gauls, though the degree 
by which they'go beyond them in these respects is but small. — ruXka de 
TvapaTrTirjatoL, &c, "in other respects, however, they resemble them, both as 
regards personal appearance and customs." — dvvarai 6e to bvofia jvtjolol, 
"now the name is equivalent to men of the same race." The meaning is, 
that the Romans, seeing so close a resemblance between the Germans and 
Gauls, concluded that they were descended from the same common stock, 
and, therefore, called the former Germani, " Brothers," intending to convey 
the idea that the Germans were own brothers of the Gauls. This etymology, 
however, is altogether erroneous. The true explanation is as follows : The 
first Teutonic tribes that crossed the Rhine boastfully styled themselves 
Wermaenner, i. e„ "War-men," from wer, "war," and man, "a man." 
The Romans, not having any w in their alphabet, converted this letter in 
the present case into a soft g, and Latinized Wermaenner by Germani, a 
name which became gradually extended to the whole Teutonic race. 

20-24. did to fj.7] -d-qcavpi&iv, " on account of their laying up no stores," 
i. e., on account of their not laying aside any portion of their present means 
for future use. — tolovtov, " of the following nature." Attic for tolovto. — ■ 
rale yvvatftv, depending in construction on iraprjKO?.ovd-ovv. — cvaTpa- 
revovoaic role avdpdct, " when going to war along with their husbands." — 
'KaprjKolov'&ovv. The imperfect is here employed as referring to a time, 
now past, when the Cimbri still existed as a nation, and before they were 
annihilated by the Roman arms. — yvvalneq TTpo/navreig lepeiai. Compare 
the account given of Yelleda and Aminia by Tacitus (Germ., 8). — Kapiraoi- 
yaq k§a-KTi6ac, &c, " arrayed in linen robes secured by a clasp." 

283 



NOTES ON PAGES 94 AND 95. 

Page 

QA 26-28. did rov GTpaToneSov, "throughout the camp," i. e., in dif- 
ferent quarters of the camp, the captives being in the hands of dif- 
ferent individuals. — Karaarsifjaaa/.. Victims were always crowned with a 
garland before being led to the altar for sacrifice. We see here this same 
custom prevailing, among the early Germans, in these horrid immolations of 
human beings. — boov afityopiov eikogcv, "large enough to hold twenty am- 
phora." Supply the ellipsis as follows : togovtov jiETpov, oaov earl to 
fierpov ajn(j)opeuv eckogiv. The amphora was a measure containing a little 
over five gallons, two quarts, one pint. 

29-36. vrrepneT?^, " bending over." — enatJTov. Supply rdv alx/aaXuTov- 
— irpoxEOfievov, " as it flowed forth." — fiavretav tlvu ettolovvto, " they 
formed a kind of divination." — dLaoxicacai, " having slit them up." — 
avaty-d-eyyofJLtvai, "announcing in this way." — Tag TzeptTETafisvag, &c, 
" that were stretched over the wicker frame-work of their covered wagons." 
The dpfj,d/j,a^ac were covered wagons for the women and children. The 
top and sides were formed of skins stretched over an osier frame-work. 
7repireTa/j.Evac, from nepcTeivu. — /j,etu ttjv virupsiav rdv "AXrrsov, " after 
the country at the foot of the Alps." By vrrupua is here meant what may 
be called the roots of the mountains (radices montium), after leaving which 
we come to the level country where Italy begins. 

Q^ Line 1-12. Kalrdatv. Supply fxepn. — \iegov nuc, " nearly in the 
middle." More literally, " in the middle, after a manner." — ano- 
dedety/bievai iaropovvTni, " are said to be rendered." Literally, "are re- 
lated to be shown." — "Rpac 'Apyeiac, &c. Juno was particularly revered 
in Argos, and Diana in JEtolia. Diomede was of ^Etolian descent, through 
his father Tydeus, but reigned in Argos by right of his wife yEgialea. — 
irpocnovTuv de tuv av&pcoTruv, &c, "and that when men approach and 
touch them they endure this" i. e., and that they allow men to approach and 
touch them. — tu 6e diuKO/usva, &c, "and that those animals (elsewhere) 
that are pursued by hounds." The reference is to other animals, without 
the sacred precincts. — devpo Equivalent to etc rovro to dTiGog. — jinKETt 
dtunecr&ai. The dogs dare not follow them within the sacred grove. 

14-18. toIc ttovolc, &c, " by reason of their toils, and the constant pri- 
vations connected with their out-door labours." — to ttXelov ireTpac XaTO- 
[aovgi, &c, " are for the greater part of the time employed in breaking up 
the stones, on account of the excessive ruggedness of the soil." Literally, 
" on account of the excess of the ruggedness." With to tvIeiov we may 
supply [ispoc tov xpovov. The meaning of the passage is, that the labours of 
the farmers here eonsist more in breaking up the stones than in cultivating 
the soil. 

20-26. Kal Totavrr/v ExovTeg, &c, "and yet, though they have such 
hardship (to contend with) in their daily labours, they by their perseverance 
triumph over nature," i. e., triumph over the natural disadvantages under 
which their territory labours. — ettigvc toic avdp&Gtv, " equally with the men." 
The dative of equality. — ttjv ek t&v napiruv, &c, " they remedy the scarcity 
resulting from the productions of the earth." 

28-33. d\ld Kal npoc Tag, &c, " but also as regards those circumstan- 
ces in life that have great dangers connected with them." — EfiiropEVOfievoL 
yap, "for, being traders." Equivalent, in fact, to Efirropiac yap xupiv, " for, 
prompted by an eager pursuit of traffic." — ttIeovgi, " they navigate." — tuv 
cxeditiv EVTEliEGTEpoic, " of cheaper construction than our ordinary floats." 
Observe the force of the article. — vtt:o[ievovgl Tag ek tuv x^t^vcov, &c, 
284 



NOTES ON PAGES 95, 96, AND 97. 

Page 

" they endure, in a way that strikes one with astonishment, the most Q ^ 
fearful circumstances resulting from tempests,'''' i. e., attendant upon 
tempests. 

Line 1-5. exovtec, "occupying." — fiEpoc uevtol, "partly in- Qg 
deed.'''' The accusative is here taken absolutely, as a species of 
adverb. — to 6' k(f>ei-7jc, " but farther on." The article is often joined thus 
with adverbs, the sentence being, in fact, elliptical, to 6e fispoc ov ecpeijjjc. — 
rove rrpdc ttj 'Vufin, &c, " who dwell near Rome, as far as the sea-coast" 
i. e., who lie immediately below Rome, and whose territory extends as far 
as the coast of the lower or Tyrrhenian sea. The reference is to the Latins. 

7-16. diEvh/KavTEC, from dcacpepu. — enTccrav, from kti£u. — ttoHovc xpov- 
ovc, "for many years." — ra 6e Kara tuc tte^lkoc, &c, "having bestowed 
much labour, too, upon the things that related to their land-forces." — fier- 
qveyicav ettI ttjv Idiav ttoXltelov, "have transferred to their own polity." — 
ypdfj.fj.aTa. te Kal, &c., "they cultivated assiduously, to a greater degree 
than any other people, both letters, and an acquaintance with natural phe- 
nomena, and with things relating to the gods." The term ypdfjfiara does 
not refer here to a national literature, which the Etrurians never had, but 
to the use made of written characters in compiling religious forms, rituals, 
&c., of which they possessed a greater number than any other nation. — > 
(pvoioAoytav Kal {rsoXoyiav. Both of these were cultivated with reference 
merely to omens and divinations. — Kal rd rcspl ttjv KEpawouKOTxiav, &c, 
" and they, most of all men, wrought out. (into a regular system) the drawing 
of omens from lightning." The Etrurian priesthood were remarkable for 
their skill in every species of augury and divination. 

18-21. Kal ravTTjv k^Epya^ofiEvoL, " and cultivating this with great care." 
— ttjv ek 7ra?,aiuv XP° V( JV, &c, " they have flung away the valour emu- 
lously exerted among them in former times," &c, i. e., have lost, &c. 

24-33. fiETa^v KEirac, &c, "lies between the sea-coast, which extends 
from OsLia as far as a city (called) Sinuessa, and the Sabine country." — 
em firJKoq, " lengthwise." — tuv Kara ttjv irapaliav. Supply kec/jevcov. — 
baa, " as many as are." Supply eotI. — rj el Ttva, " or if there be any." 
Supply tarl again, el Ttva is here equivalent in effect to urcva, " whatso- 
ever are." — Kal ravra d\ " and yet even these are." — to 6e KatKov6ov. 
Supply x u P LOV - — T V V devdpiTiv, " trained on trees. This was a common 
practice in Italy, and was thought to improve the quality of the wine. 
Sometimes, however, juga or stages were employed. The Caecuban wine 
subsequently lost its repute. 

Line 1-6 ttjv dperr/v, " its excellence." — 6Y etovc, "during the QJ 
whole year." Literally, "through the year." — uc 6' avruc, "in 
like manner too," for uaavToc de. — Kal Tzdaa rj izepl, &c, " and especially 
all the country around Venafrum, which (place) is contiguous to those 
plains." With mwa rj supply #«pa. 

9-15. dypolc TTEptoLKOvuevov itayK&Xoie, " covered all round with very 
beautiful and thickly settled fields." Literally, " inhabited all round in very 
beautiful fields." — ek ttjc oipscdc, " to the view." — Kal KoiXddac (paivet, &c, 
"it displays also cavities, full of holes, in rocks of a burned colour, as if 
eaten out by fire." Literally, " burned as to their colour." — ekSeSpco/jevov, 
from £K6t6pd)OKu. — aBEcy&TJvat & ETXikiixovo-rjq rfjg vine, " but that, fuel 
having failed, it was subsequently extinguished." Gbeohrjvai, from ativ- 
vvfii. When Strabo wrote this, Vesuvius was in a state of repose, and, 
from the absence of traditions, must have been so for a considerable period 

285 



NOTES ON PAGES 97 AND 98. 

QJ antecedent. Evident traces of previous volcanic action, however, 
presented themselves, as he himself informs us. The first eruption 
of Vesuvius, of which we have any account, took place after the time 
of Strabo, namely, in A.D. 79, during the reign of the Emperor Titus. 
This is the famous eruption that proved fatal to the cities of Hercula- 
neum, Pompeii, and Stabiae, burying them under showers of volcanic 
sand, stones, and scoriae. 

17-20. kv fJLtd yovv 'OXv/nuddt, &c, " accordingly, at one Olympic con- 
test, all the seven men who surpassed the rest in the foot-race were Croto- 
niats." Observe here the use of the term '0?iVfj,7udc as referring to the 
games themselves, which is not very usual. It occurs in this same sense 
in Herodotus (Schweigh., Lex. Herod., s. v.). — tuv uXkuv. The genitive 
follows TcpoTep-fjcavTeg here, from the force of Trporepoc, a comparative, im- 
plied in the verb irpoTEpeo). — elkotuc, " with good reason." — 6lotl " that.'''' 
Equivalent here to on. 

22-24. did rbv (j>-&6pov, &c. Alluding to the overthrow which the 
Crotoniats received at the hands of the Locrians, in a battle fought on the 
banks of the Sagras. As long as the people of Crotona adhered to the 
precepts of Pythagoras and his followers, they were peculiarly distinguished 
for hardihood and vigour. After the overthrow of Sybaris, however, luxury 
and the love of pleasure took possession of the Crotoniats in their turn, 
and the warlike spirit of that people became changed to such a degree, that, 
in the battle of the Sagras, an army of one hundred and thirty thousand 
Crotoniats were routed by ten thousand of the Locrians. — ttXeigtuv to 
7t?i^-&og, " who were very many in number." Supply ovruv. 

24-30. tuv Tiv&ayopeicdv, "of the Pythagoreans (who dwelt in it)." 
Observe the force of the article. — ysyovue, equivalent to uv. — dtarplipavTor, 
"ivho resided." — kv rw gvggltlu, &c. The followers of Pythagoras, who 
had passed through a certain period of probation, gave up their possessions 
to the common stock, and, from this lime, lived upon a footing of perfect 
equality, and sat down together, daily, at a common table. — irov-fjGavTog, 
"having become insecure." Literally, "having laboured." The aorist in- 
dicates that this took place on a sudden. — TTEnof&ora, agreeing with avrbv 
understood. 

32-36. eG^rjvcofievov, "wedged open." — togovtov 6' Igxvge /uovov, &c, 
" his strength, however, availed only so far, that the wedges dropped out." 
Literally, " he was strong, however, only to such a degree," &c. — u7ro- 
?in(f>d-ivTa, from diroTia/nBdvo. 

QQ Line 1-10. e^e^c, "farther on." — dtT/veyicev, "surpassed all 
others." — to -naTiatbv, "informer times." — tuv tt?^giov, "that 
lived in its vicinity." Supply ovtov. — eGTpaTevGav 6e, " they marched 
forth also." — ttjv evdai/ioviav, depending on d^ypi'&nGav, which governs 
two accusatives in the active. — eTiovtec. Supply ol KpoTuvtuTai. — EKrjy- 
ayov tov Trorafibv, &c, " they brought the river upon the city, and inun- 
dated it." Supply Ty ttoXel after ETrrjyayov, and avTTjv after K.aTEK?\,VGav. 

11-19. 6ta66nT0i, "notorious." Literally, "noised throughout (the 
world)." — ETtidrijiElv, " to dwell," i. e., to be exercised. — olov, " as, for ex- 
ample, those of . . ." Supply al Texvai. — Cjglv, " may be." Subjunctive 
of Eifxi. — ovk h^fjv o" ovd', &c, " it was not allowed, too, even," &c. — 
TiuaLOc. The author of an historical work on Italy and Sicily, which has 
not come down to us. — avrbc f>f/yua TiaSelv, " that he himself had caught a 
strain," i. e., from merely seeing the others work. The term fif/yfia is 
286 



NOTES ON PAGES 98 AND 99 

Page 

susceptible of a still plainer translation. Observe the nominative Qg 
with the infinitive, as referring to the same person implied by the 
previous verb. — ivpbg bv. Equivalent to Kal npbg tovtov. — avrbg be, &c., 
" and I myself , while hearing thee tell this, have got a pain in my side." 

21-26. (peidiTcov, "the public meal.'''' The Spartans ate in common, in 
accordance with the institutions of Lycurgus. — km rtiv gvlov, "upon the 
wooden benches.''' Another specimen of Spartan simplicity. — uer' avrdv, 
" with them," i. e., with the Lacedaemonians, the idea of whom is implied 
in AaKedaifiova that precedes. — rrvvd-avofievog, "while he knew it merely 
from hearsay." — -deacdfj-evog, " on having seen things with his own eyes." — 
Kal yap rov dvavSporarov, &c, "for that even the greatest coward, would 
choose rather to die."" The aorist eXea-Bai implies that he would do this 
without a moment's hesitation. — rocovrov j3lov. This has a special refer- 
ence to the black broth, and other plain fare, of the Spartans. 

26-36. fj,erd, "in conjunction with," i. e., in addition to. — 6 totcoc, 
" the situation." — eKTpv^rjaat, " to indulge in luxury." — rov fiev depovc, 
" in summer." Part of time. — eyei, " experiences." — ^v'&TJvat. Governed 
by doicel understood, and which is repeated from Sonet, at the beginning of 
the sentence. — irpb pioipac, "before his allotted time." — eg rrpuKovrov 
rpv<p?jc, " to such a pitch of luxury." As in Latin, eo luxuries.. — eXriXaKo- 
Teg, from kXavvo, with the reduplication. — 7rpoc avhbv, " to the music of 
the pipe." — kvedooav to bpxrjOTLnbv (teloc, " played a dancing tune," i. e., 
played a dance. Literally (so as to show the force of the article), " played 
the music adapted to a dance." 

Line 2-3. Kal a/ia avTiovvTuv, &c, "and as soon as the horses QQ 
heard them playing on the pipes, they not only danced out of their 
ranks," &c. On this construction of a/na consult Buttmann (Larger Gr. 
Gr., <J 150, p. 439, Robinson's trans.). — rovg avaSdrae exovreg, "with 
their riders on their backs." Equivalent to cvv avrocg rolg dvaj3draig. 
Literally, " having their riders." 

6-9. tuv fivd-oXoyovjievcdv, " of the legends connected with it." More 
literally, " of the fabulous legends related concerning it." — LlkeXuv. 
These Siculi are said to have come from Latium. 

13-17. ixapeikrityaGi, from 7rapalafj.6dvo). — del rfjg ^jing, &c., " the tra- 
dition having been continually handed down to their descendants from the 
earliest times." — lepdv VTrdpxeiv rf]v vfjcov, " that the island was sacred to 
Ceres and Proserpina." Literally, " that the island was a sacred one of 
Ceres," &c. — ravrrjv. Supply ttjv vfjoov. 

18-20. Kal Trjg dpirayrjg, &c, " they say, also, that a very manifest 
proof of the abduction of Proserpina having taken place in this island is 
(the circumstance) that," &c. Literally, " of the abduction that took place 
with reference to Proserpina." Supply yevofiivvg after the second T7jg. — 
at deal, " these goddesses," referring to Ceres and Proserpina. 

22-27. ev rolg XetfiCxrc rolg. Supply Ketjievoig. — tijv "Evvav, " the 
plain of Enna." — rrjg irbleug, "the city of Enna." The city and plain 
bore the same name. — -&eag d\wg, "worthy of being beheld." Observe the 
accentuation of -&eag here : -&eug a^iog would mean " worthy of a god- 
dess." — efinodi&fievovg rrjv ^vglktjv alofinoiv, " being impeded in their 
natural perception (of the game)," i. e., their scent being obstructed. 

28-31. kvkIu 6e vipr}2,bg, &c, "but high all around, and on every side 
abrupt with precipitous descents." The plain of Enna was in fact a con- 

287 



NOTES ON PAGES 99, 100, AND 101. 

Page 

QQ siderable elevation above the surrounding country, with steep and 
precipitous sides. (Compare the account of Sir R. Hoare, Class. 
Tour, vol. ii., p. 247, seqq.) — bfi^aXbc. This term appears to have been 
still more specially applied to a particular part of the plain itself. Sir R. 
Hoare thinks, that this is the spot where now stands a cross, in the garden 
belonging to the Padri Reformati, and where, according to vulgar tradition, 
a temple of Proserpina was built. This spot commands the finest view of 
the island. 

1 QQ Line 2-12. Kara ttjv Aitvtjv, "on Etna." — fid^icra, "most hos- 
pitably." — duiTiTjTTTai, " are covered." More literally, "are taken 
up with :" from ScaXafiSdvo). — 2,a[i6dveiv, " to experience." Literally, " to 
receive." — ttjv vofirjv, "the action." Literally, "the feeding." — tote jiev 
.... tote 6e, " at one time . ... at another." — avfupepofievov, " borne 
all." Literally, "borne together," i. e., in one stream. — "kvyvvc, "pitchy 
clouds." (Blomf. Gloss., in Sept. c. T/i., 490.) — dva<j>vo~ibvToc, "darting 
upward with a loud roar." 

16-21. itoTikrjv ttjc x&pae, &c, " has much of its territory mountain- 
ous." The plainer Greek would have been, to, rcoXka bpeivf) egtl. — 
rpotyais, " as means of subsistence." — to, 6e npbc hXkrfkovc, "while, as re- 
gards their deportment towards each other." — ivapa, " beyond." 

22-28. Kara rr)v bpsivrjv, " throughout the mountainous country." — egtl, 
"belongs to" i. e., becomes the property of. — 6iEikn\i\iEva, "being distin- 
guished." — nav, " even though." Contracted for nal av. — ev te Talc ak- 
\aiq, &c, " and in the other ar r rang ements of life." — irv^og. What Dio- 
dorus here erroneously calls the " box-tree" is in reality the yew, the \Likoc 
of Theophrastus (3, 4), and G^iDia^ of Dioscorides (4, 80). The Latin 
writers call it taxus. ( Virg., Eclog., 9, 30.) The yew loves a mountainous 
and cold soil, and, therefore, flourishes in Corsica. (Fee, Flore de Virgile, 
p. 159.) — nTiEiarn nal did<popoc, " in great abundance and of superior qual- 
ity." 

30-33. E^rjTJiayfiEvriv, "strange." — tovc TpcG/nvplovg. The article 
merely indicates here the sum total, without being translated. This 
usage has been already noticed. — (pvlTiu TcTiardvov. This similitude must, 
of course, like many others of the kind, be taken with many grains of al- 
lowance. In order to make it at all plausible, the Peloponnesus must be sup- 
posed to lie on its western side. An illustration of this is given by Mar- 
tyn, in his edition of the Georgics, at page 126. — to GXVfta, " as to its 
shape." 

1Q1 Line 3-5. teTievto, elc, "it ends at." — r) AaKuviK?) nal t) 'Ap- 
ysia, " the Laconic, and the Argive, territory." Supply yr) with 
each. — pzXP 1 T °v lod-fiov ical avTrj, " it also extending as far as the isth- 
mus," i. e., extending in like manner. The reference is to Argolis. 

8-12. idoi tlc av ical duovaai, " one might see and hear of." Observe 
the accentuation of the optative duovaai, where the long final syllable calls 
for the acute on the penult. On the other hand, in aKovaat of the infinitive, 
the short final syllable (as it is regarded in accentuation) gives the penult 
the circumflex. — £f dpxyc fisv, "at first." — ekecvov 6' kuTiEHpd-ivTOc, "this 
oracle, however, having ceased." Literally, " having caused itself to be 
abandoned," i. e , by delivering no more responses. The passive for the 
middle. — nal ttjv av^naiv, &c, "and it obtained its great increase of 
celebrity, with which we are at the present day acquainted" &c. Supply, 
for a literal translation, togvv with av^rjatv. 
288 



NOTES ON PAGES 101 AND 102. 

Page 

16-26. &v, "in the number of which." — tovtwv, "of these 101 
offerings." Supply tuv ava^midrcov. — Xapfiidov, "son of Char- 
midas." Supply vide. — xP va °v Kac E/Joavroc. Genitive of the material. 
— ol rri KE<pa?irj, " upon his head.'''' Literally, " for him, upon his head." 
The pronoun ol here takes the place of avrti. The more usual form of 
expression would be rrj avrov KEcpaXy. — Nin-nv, " a Victory ." i. e., an image 
of the goddess of Victory. — nai ravrrjv Ixovaav, " this also having." — 
X&ptev ton CKTjTTTpov. Siebelis takes x^P L ^ v nere f° r an adverbial form, 
equivalent to x a P l ^ VT0) ^ ar >d joins it in construction with 7jv&ia/J,evov. 
Equally unhappy is Porson's emendation of x ei P L sveari for x^P L ^ v ^otL — 
7jv&ic[ievov, "diversified." — rtj &e&, for rov -&sov. Compare the remark 
made above on the words ol rr/ Kecpa/iy. 

27-29. rC> 6s IfiaTiu, &c, "into the robe, moreover, are wrought both 
small figures of animals, and, of flowers, the lily," i. e., and also flowers, 
namely, lilies. Some archaeologists think that the allusion is here to a kind 
of encaustic work. {Buttiger, Ideen zur Archceol. d. Mai., p. 243. — Qua- 
tremerede Quincy, Jup. Olymp., p. 310. — Siebelis, ad Pausan., 5, 11.) — 
2.1-&01C, " precious stones." 

31-36. Evpciridnc. In a fragment (No. xii.) of the Cresphontes. — tzo?./„7jv 
fj.EV uporov, &c, " much arable lard indeed, but not easy to cultivate." — 
Ko'ik-n yap. The country of Sparta (the hollow Lacedaemon, as it is called 
in the Iliad and Odyssey) was flanked on the east and west by two long 
parallel ridges of mountains, which were connected together by a similar, 
but much shorter, barrier at the northern extremity ; and hence it has been 
well compared to an ancient stadium. The bed of this natural stadium was 
the valley of Sparta. {Wordsxcorth" 1 s Greece, p. 53.) — nai j3ovul nai ttol/u.- 
vaicLv, &c, "and very well adapted for the rearing of cattle and flocks." 
TcoinvaLOLv is poetical for -rroiLivaic, being cited from fragment xiii. of the 
same play mentioned above. — evgelctoc, " is very subject to earthquakes." 
Kal 6%, "and indeed." 

Line 1-4. Tiid-ov ttoXvteXovc, &c., " of a costly kind 'of marble, 10^ 
the Tcznarian namely," &c. This was a species of Verd Antique, 
highly prized by the Romans. — x°P r !7^ v i " as a means of furnishing the 
expense," i. e., to patronise the undertaking. Literally, "as a furnisher 
of the expense." 

7-14. alaxvvovrat, " they reverence." — yvfxvdaia 8' (oairep, &c, "and 
as there are gymnasia for males, so also are there such for unmarried 
females." — voLiicuarc gkvtcvg). The legal currency of Sparta was iron 
money. If the remark in the text be correct, leather was also applied to 
the same purpose. (Consult Bockh, Pub. Econ. of Ath., vol. ii., p. 389.) 
— etti tC) avrovc TxapEXEtv, "in exhibiting themselves." Literally, "in 
affording themselves." — rale apxalc, "to the magistrates." 

16-20. vouifiwc, "in accordance with stated custom." — rfjc 'OpMac, " of 
the Orthian Diana." — avyyvp.vaaTr]v, " a fellow- gymnast," i, e., a member 
of the same gymnastic school. — 'JZyopuv. Consult note on line 22, page 
46. — irpo tt)c upxvc, "in the presence of the magistracy." — fiacikEVGEiv, 
" that he will exercise the royal functions." 

21-23. lEpoTtpETTTjc, " is held in high veneration." — to Kopvmov avrpov, 
"the Corycian cave." This was situate on Mount Parnassus, above the 
city of Delphi. The inhabitants of Parnassus regarded it as sacred to the 
Corycian nymphs and the god Pan. Herodotus relates (8, 36) that, on the 

B b 289 



NOTES ON PAGES 102 AND 103. 

Page 

102 approach of the Persians, the greater part of the population of Delphi 
ascended the mountain, and sought refuge in this capacious recess. 

27-33. tieaTpoeides, "shaped like a theatre,'" i. e., semicircular. The 
ancient theatres were not, strictly speaking, semicircular, but their shape 
closely resembled this. The site of Delphi has been well compared to a 
natural theatre, sloping upward, in a semicircular form, from the lower part 
of Parnassus. — /card Kopvtyrjv, " at the top (of this semicircle)." — kvkIov 
nTivpovcav, "embracing a circuit.'''' — 7rvev/j.a kv&ovoca<JTUi6v, "an in- 
spiring breath" i. e., a prophetic vapour. This appears to have been a 
kind of gas. — airo-&eord&iv efifierpd re, &c, " delivers oracles in both verse 
and prose." All the Grecian oracles gave their responses originally in verse. 
Prose was only introduced when their influence and authority began to de- 
cline. For a literal translation, supply ^ecKiauara after efj,/j,erpa and 
a/aerpa. 

34-36. netyvKev ola, &c, " is naturally such as to yield the most abun- 
dant returns," i. e., is such in its very nature. Observe the force of ire<pv- 
kev. — nal avrd to, yiyvop,eva, "even the things themselves that are pro- 
duced in this land." 

1Q3 Line 4-14. naficpopuTdrn, "most productive" i. e., not only 
is the land very productive, but the adjacent sea also abounds in 
fish. — ov (jlovov de Kparel, "but not only does it surpass (other lands)." 
Supply ruv aTikov ^wptwv. — atdca. As opposed to the things that come 
and go with the change of the seasons. — ire<j>vite, equivalent here merely to 
eon. — Xc&og dtydovoc, " an abundance of marble." The allusion is to the 
famous marble of Mount Pentelicus. — avrov TrpoaSeovrai, " seek after it," 
i. e., desire it. Literally, " feel the want of it." — eart 6e nal yfj, " there 
is also a portion of this country :" yfj is here equivalent to juepoc ri rfjq 
X&pae- — Tro?ilaTT?iaaiovc fj el, " manifold more, than if. ... . ." — Kal p]v 

VTrapyvpoc, &c, "for it has, in truth, silver beneath its surface, through 
divine allotment." The allusion is to Laurium, a range of hills near the 
Sunian promontory. Here the Athenians had silver mines. — noTikibv yovv 
irolisuv, &c, " accordingly, though there are many stales in the vicinity 
of Attica," &c. 

20-22. 6 fjLVGTLKog cnnbg, " the mystic cell." Referring to the cella or 
delubrum of the temple. This is said to have been as large as a theatre, 
and here the mysteries were played off.— tov kv anpoTroXa, &c, " which 
stands in the Acropolis (at Athens), consecrated to Minerva." The Par- 
thenon, or celebrated temple of Minerva, stood on the most elevated ground 
of the Acropolis. — eTuaraTovvToc, "patronising," i. e. watching over and 
aiding with the public resources. — h de role drjfioic, &c, "the city (of 
Eleusis), moreover, is numbered among the boroughs (of Attica)," i. e., 
forms one of the boroughs. The boroughs or drjuot were one hundred and 
seventy- four in number. The borough of Eleusis belonged to the tribe 
Hippothoontis. 

24-32. xcpfovyvi&v, " of a peninsular form." — TrpoaetX7](f>via t£> ttc- 
piBoXu, " having embraced xoithin the circuit of its walls," from TrpoaXa/n- 
Savcj. Literally, "having taken in addition." — atjtov re tjv, &c, "and it 
was a naval station large enough for four hundred vessels." More literally, 
"fit for," "suited for." — tu 6e te'lxsl tovtcj, &c, "connected with this 
fortification were the legs (as they were called) which came down from the 
city." More literally, "the legs drawn down from the city." The long- 
walls were playfully called "legs." — ol de noTCkoi noXefioi, &c., "the 
290 



NOTES ON PAGES 103, 104, AND 105. 

Page 

many wars, however (that have taken place), have thrown down 103 
the wall" &c. : the allusion is to the long-walls. They were 
demolished at the close of the Peloponnesian war, but rebuilt by Conon. 
In the siege of Athens by Sylla they were again broken down and almost 
destroyed. Some traces still remain. These celebrated walls connected 
Athens with her several harbours. — avvioTEikav, " have contracted," from 
cvareXku. 

33-34. nleiovc, ** very many." Literally, " more (than are usually 
found in islands of such a size)." — Kal "O/inpoc vp.vel, " Homer also cele- 
brates in song." — Kal oi vorepov, " as well as the poets (who came) after 
him." 

Line 1-12. nal Sr/ Kal duTeleae, &c, " it continued, moreover, 104- 
for a long time enjoying the first rank." Literally, " bearing away 
for itself the first portions, or parts." Supply fiepn (Bos, Ellips. Gr., s. v. 
uepn). With ttoXaov supply XP 0V0V - — ™ v vofiijiuv, " of its privileges." — 
oV kvvia er&v, "for the space of nine years." — eXeyero. Supply elvai. — 
&£ jevolto, " how that he was."' The optative is here employed to express 
merely the opinion of others, for the accuracy of which the writer himself 
does not vouch. — rpaycjSovvrer, " detailing in tragic strain," i. e., with a 
tragic and declamatory air. 

16-19. dieXovrac, " having marked it out." By the common principle 
of construction, duXovrac ought to be in the dative, on the supposition that 
the dative rjfiiv is understood with pnreov. It will be found, however, that 
verbals in -reov sometimes have the person in the accusative (as here, 
rjfMag), when the reference is, not so much to what must, as to what ought 
to be done. (Matthia, G. G., § 447.) — r O Tavpoc p-ianv iroc, &c, " the 
range of Mount Taurus divides this continent nearly in the middle, as if 
with a girdle." — dilutee, from dia&vvvfu. — Terafievoc, from telvcj. — to /uev 
avTTjc a7io?,eiiT-G)v, &c, " leaving one part of it towards the north, and the 
other towards the south." Literally, " and the other, a southern one." As 
the chain passes onward from west to east, it leaves on one side of it (i. e., 
cuts off) the northern, on the other the southern portion of the continent. — 
koXovgl 6' avrcjv, &c., "'and the Greeks call the one of them (Asia) this 
side of Taurus, the other (Asia) beyond (Taurus)." 

20-27. oi 6s Trorafiol. Another instance of a nominative absolute before 
a clause expressing distribution. — tie kif aptcrov, " towards the north." 
This usage of uc with a preposition, becomes, as far as the English idiom 
is concerned, a mere pleonasm ; in Greek, however, it points out strictly 
the direction alone which an object takes, leaving it undetermined whether 
it reaches the place or not. — 6 ~Ev<ppdr7}c re Kal, &c, " namely, both the 
Euphrates, and Tigris," &c. These nominatives are in apposition with 
oi, in the clause oi tie d)c km vbrov uve/uov, and this oi agrees with sxovcrt 
understood. Jacobs has altered here the text of Arrian in a somewhat 
slovenly manner. — kv /zecrcj, '■'■between." — rj, " or else." 

29-34. karlv vTrepKeifievov, "is one that overhangs." — dLareixi&v rov 
ia-&p.bv, "forming the isthmus between them like a wall." — v"kn ixavrodaizTf, 
" with all kinds of timber" — /car' akKrjv Kal dvvafiiv, " in valour and re- 
sources." 

Line 2-3. (parvaic KarareTpnfiivaic, " in perforated troughs," 105 
i. e., bored with small holes that allow the water to escape, but 
not the gold : perf. part. pass, of KaTarerpaivo), Attic for KarariTpda. — 
a(j>' ov drj u.£uv&evG&QLt &c, "from which circumstance they say that 

291 



NOTES ON PAGES 105 AND 106. 

Page 

1 Q5 the fable of the skin covered with the golden fleece was even 
formed.'' 1 Literally, " that the skin covered with the golden fleece 
was even fabled." 

6-15. Xvirpd nal piiKpoxupa, " lead hard lives, and inhabit scanty terri- 
tories.' 1 '' — a 6rj TtXnpol fidjaara, " which, indeed, very nearly Jill.'''' — teal 6r/ 
nal yye '16rjpia, " moreover, this same Iberia.'" The particle ye, in com- 
position here with y, lends emphasis to the latter. — &gte elvai, " so that 
there are here." — nal apxtTEnrovuiyv rrjv, &c, " and a constructing of 
dwellings that displays architectural skill." — nal ruXka notvd, " and other 
public erections." — rye 6s X'^P ac ™ ^ v i " one P ari °f ^ e country." For 
a literal translation supply /nep?i, " these parts indeed." — kvkXgj TreptEXETai, 
il is encompassed round about." — kaKevaafievot, " attired." There is also 
in this, though not expressed in the translation, a reference to their habits 
of life. 

16-19. ol tt7*,elovc, " the greater number." — 7rotfisvtK6Tepoc. Supply 
t£)V 'I6r/puv eial. — yevovc. Supply dv&pdmov. — ravrn 6e nal, " and for 
this reason also." Supply atria. 

26-29. ovde dpf&jjtbv, &c. They cannot count higher than a hundred. 
— nai npbc rdXka 6e, &c, " they are careless also with regard to the other' 
things that have reference to life," i. e., to the proper leading of life, its 
comforts and conveniences. — £7r' duptBec, for anpit&v. Literally " (in- 
tended) for accuracy," i. e., " accurate." 

~\C\Q Line 2-12. evuatpa, " in fit places." — rd KaraKe/cpvpfisua r&v 
vddrov, " the hidden waters," for rd KaraKEKpv/u/j.£va vdara. — 
dvoiyovreg, " uncovering." — ol 6s aX7io£-&v£tc. The nominative absolute 
again, before a clause expressing distribution. — diareXovGtv dSovXorot, 
" remain ever unenslaved." Supply ovtec. Literally, " continue to be." 

13-25. i] 6' exojievr) 'Apa6la, " that part of Arabia which is contiguous 
to." — Toaovro. As the extracts composing this volume are taken from 
different writers, we find some using the Attic roaovrov, and others, as in 
the present instance, the more inelegant roaovro. — evdai/aova 'ApaBiav, 
" the happy Arabia." In Latin, Arabia Felix. — nal ryv dXKnv v7ir,v, &c., 
" and other productions of an aromatic character, in great abundance." 
Literally, " and the other wood that is aromatic." — (pvXXow evudiac, "fra- 
grant leaves." Literally " fragrances of leaves." — nal ruv diroora&vrtov, 
&c, " and is filled with varied odours of tears, that distill from (the bark 
of trees)," i. e., with odoriferous tears of various kinds, &c. — at ravryc 
kaxartal, "the farthest portions of this land." — SaiptXr/c, "in rich abun- 
dance." — djrXaroc, "to an extraordinary degree." — tyvosig evudeic, &c, 
"fruitful odoriferous plants." — rag diroppoiac, &c, " their exuding juices 
and perfumes." 

27-36. 6 irpooayopevojievoc, &c, " the kind of gold that is called apyros." 
— role dXkotc. Supply E-&VEOI. — ek ipny/ndruv Ka-&£tp6/Lt£voc, " melted down 
(and refined) from small grains." — dXk' ev-&vc bpvrrofiEvoc Evpio-nerat, 
" but it is found pure at the very time of digging." Literally, " but di- 
rectly being dug up it is found (pure)." — &ote tovc Evrtfiordrovg "Xidovc, 
&c, " that the most precious stones, having been set in this by artists, pro- 
duce the most beautiful of ornaments," i. e., that if the most precious stones 
be set in this kind of gold the most beautiful ornaments are produced. 
Literally, "having been bound," &c, from evSeu. — ypyp.£va, "who have 
chosen." Passive for the middle. — airov, " of grain." — ry 6' and rovruv, 
292 



NOTES ON PAGES 106, 107, AND 108. 

Page 

&c, " but being amply supplied through the abundance obtained 106 
from these" i. e., through the abundant nutriment. 

Line 3-11. o't kv tolc Treldyecc, " those at sea." Literally, 107 
"those on the deeps." — trpbc rag dizb ruv, &c., '■'■from the indi- 
cations afforded by the stars." The deserts are as trackless as the sea, 
and the traveller has, like the mariner, to consult the stars, in order to 
ascertain by their position the direction of his route. — napa rbv uneavbv, 
*• along the (Indian) ocean." The description here given takes in also the 
coast of the Persian Gulf. — vKepdvu, "above" i. e., to the northeast. — 
dpbevovreg. Supply ol eyxdipcoL. — icai dc7r?\,ovg naprcovg 9ia/j,6dvovai, " they 
even obtain double harvests." 

19-26. TzvpQv jj.lv dvd de/ca, &c, " ten medimni of wheat each." Ob- 
serve the distributive force which the preposition dvd here imparts to the 
numeral. The medimnus was a Greek measure for things diy, and equiv- 
alent to six Roman modii. The modius (erroneously called, in the lexicons, 
" a bushel"), contained a little over one gallon, three quarts, one pint, dry 
measure ; and hence the medimnus was equal to one bushel, one peck, one 
gallon, one quart, &c, of our measure. — nal Tiayapal race cva-dcecc, " and 
slender in their make." More literally, "in their frames." — dcarecvovat, 
"traverse." Literally, "stretch over."— etc rag /ud%ac, &c. The order 
of construction is, dyovrac etc rag jLcdxag exovaac 6vo rotjorag. — dvTCKa$n~ 
fxevovg, &c, "sitting over against one another, back to back." 

29-35. rrjv fiEcnv <j<f)fiv Svpcav, " that part of Syria which lies between 
them." Compare the Scripture name applied to this tract of country (Gen. 
xxiv., 10; Dent, xxiii., 4, &c), namely, Aram Naharaim, or " Aramea 
between (literally 'of') the rivers." — bdev nal to bvofia, &c, "from which 
circumstance also its name is called Mesopotamia" &c. We have given 
the simpler and more natural translation to these words. Jacobs makes to 
bvofia a kind of pleonastic accusative, and supplies r; X"P a as tne nomina- 
tive to KKn%erac, " from which circumstance, also, the country is called in 
name," &c. — ttoXv tl, "for some considerable distance." Supply ^cdarnfia. 
— eaSdXXec eg rbv ttovtov, &c, "empties into the Persian sea," i. e., Per- 
sian Gulf. The Tigris and Euphrates, if they ever had separate mouths, 
(which is very doubtful, though vouched for by the ancients), now unite 
near Koma, and the joint stream is called Shat-al-Arab, or "the river of 
Arabia." — eg re eirl ttjv eK.6o7a]v, "up to its mouth." 

Line 1-6. fiereupog re pec, " both flows along high ground, and 108 
is" &c. — laoxecXng. In the text of Arrian (omitted by Jacobs) 
the banks of the Tigris are described as much higher than the surface of the 
stream, preventing, of course, any lateral waste of its waters. The case is 
directly the reverse with the Euphrates. — Trap' endrepa, " along either 
bank." Supply x e ^V- — OTrore of'cacv vdarog, &c, "as often as they want 
water." Literally, "as often as it may have itself deficiently in respect 
of water." — nal ovrug eg ov tto/Uj vdup, &c, "and the Euphrates, ending 
thus with no great quantity of water, and that marshy in its character, in 
this way terminates its course." Literally, "in this way ceases from (its 
course)." 

27-30. (36cr/Lcopov. An unknown kind of grain. Strabo, on the author- 
ity of Onesicritus, describes it elsewhere as smaller in size than wheat. — 
uv rjfiecg uirecpoc. Supply eo{iev. — epca vrrav&ec, "fleeces bloom forth." 
Observe the force of vivo here, as marking gradual increase. The cotton 
plant is meant, and what are here called fleeces are the contents of the 

B b 2 293 



NOTES ON PAGES 108 AND 109. 

Page 

108 cotton-pods bursting forth. — glv66vsc, " fine garments." The 
term civdtov generally means a garment of fine linen. Here, how- 
ever, such an explanation will not, of course, answer. The reference ap- 
pears to be to what Herodotus calls glvSuv fivooivrj. (2, 86. Consult 
B'dhr, ad loc.) Muslins, therefore, are evidently meant, and aivdoveg might 
be translated, in this passage, saving the anachronism, " fine muslin gar- 
ments," or simply, " fine muslins." 

32-35. fclddove avgrjaavra, " having put forth branches ." More liter- 
ally, " having caused branches to grow." — elra ttjv Xoltttjv, &c, " take, upon 
this, the rest of their groioth in a downward direction," i. e., have their 
branches after this bending towards the earth. We have here a description 
of the Indian fig, or banyan tree, which forms so conspicuous an object in 
Hindoo mythology. The branches of this tree, after projecting to a certain 
distance, drop and take root in the earth. These branches, in their turn, 
become trunks, and give out other branches ; and thus a single tree forms 
a little forest. — avgdvovrai, "grow." Middle voice. — kg ov Trdliv d/noicog, 
&c, " after ivhich, having been again, in like manner, bent downward in the 
course of their growth, they form another layer, then another," &c. 

109 Line 1-3. GKtddcov yevea-d-aL /aaKpov. The banyan tree stretches 
its immense branches, and its holy shade, not only over the pagodas, 

and the choultries, or caravanseras, but also over serpents and other venom- 
ous creatures. Hence it becomes an emblem of the eternal power of Na- 
ture, which cherishes both useful and hurtful beings. It is a variety of the 
Buddha tree, which is revered in the various countries between Hindoostan 
and China. This will explain the name given it by Linnaeus, namely, 
Ficus religiosa. — nal, " even." 

7-9. Hepcitc . The reference is to Persia Proper, or what was sometimes 
called the royal province of Persia. — ttoAA^ [iev kv ry TrapaXia, &c, " lying 
in a great measure along the shore of the gulf that is named after it, but in 
a much greater degree inland." Supply ovaa, or Kei/uevn. — Tpiirlrj 6' earl, 
Sec, "it is, moreover, threefold in both its physical character, and the tem- 
perature of its climate," i. e., it is, in fact, subdivided into three distinct 
regions, as regards, &c. 

17-20. rtiv. Supply ttoTieov. — T7]v 7ro2,vTeleiav ttjc KaracKevfic, " the 
costly character of the structure." — fipaxea dieTf&etv, " to enumerate a few 
brief particulars." — ovonc yap uKpac- d&oXoyov, Sec, " for, there being here 
a considerable elevation, a triple wall surrounded it," i. e., a triple wall 
encompassed an elevation here of considerable height. The ruins of Chehl- 
Mendr are evidently the remains of the splendid structure which Diodorus 
is here describing. They are placed on a platform or terrace cut out of a 
rocky mountain, and having a higher part of the same mountain connected 
with its eastern side, being on the other three sides at a great elevation in 
a perpendicular precipice from the plain beneath. Above this platform or 
terrace rise two other terraces. The nature of the ground gives the whole 
structure the appearance of an amphitheatre erected on three terraces, rising 
successively one above the other. The whole is of marble quarried in the 
adjacent hills, of a dark gray colour, and the passages from the lower to the 
upper terraces are by broad marble staircases. These united elevations are 
comprehended under the general name of a/cpa in the text, and the Tpcrrlovv 
retxoc refers to the facings of the three terraces of rock in the case of the 
lowest, and' of marble in that of the other two. These marble facings are 
formed of gigantic square blocks, without mortar, but fitted with such pre- 
cision as to appear part of the solid mountain. Consult the plan of the ruins 
294 



NOTES ON PAGES 109 AND 110. 

Page 

by Heeren (from Sir R. K. Porter's Travels), Hist. Researches, 109 
vol. ii., p. 401, and Heeren's description of the same, vol. i., p. 147. 

21-28. to fiev irpurov. Supply relxoc. — ttjv p,ev aXh]v KaraaKevrjv, 
" the rest of its structure.'''' — ireptSoAoc, "enclosure." — ev tts(J)vk6tc, " well 
calculated by its very nature." The whole structure, including the facings 
of the second and third terraces (ra retxy), is built, as we have already said, 
of enormous blocks of marble, so skilfully disposed upon one another, that 
it is often difficult, by the nicest observation, to detect their junctures. — 
ev 6e tu Tvpbc avarolac, &c, "in that part of the elevation, moreover, 
which faces the east, there is a mountain standing four hundred feet apart," 
&c. An examination of Heeren's plan will make all this very apparent, 
though the description, taken by itself here, seems somewhat obscure. The 
mountain of which Diodorus speaks is in fact the face of the rock from 
which the main terrace projects, and the distance between it and the ruins 
on the upper terrace corresponds accurately with the measurement given in 
the text. The English translator misinterprets Heeren when he makes 
him say, in describing the position of the " royal mountain" from Diodorus, 
that it lay " eastward of the city." The German writer merely states that 
it was " on the eastern side of the elevation," or " stronghold" {an der 
Ostseite der Burg). 

29-33. fiaoiTiiKov. Ctesias calls it "the double mountain," an expres- 
sion which has given rise to no little controversy, on the part of some of the 
German scholars. (Consult B'dhr, ad Ctes., p. 138, seqq.) — rrerpa yap tjv 
Kare^a/xfiEvn, &c, "for it was a rock carefully hewn, and containing 
several chambers within, in which were the sepulchres of the departed 
(monarchs)," i.e., carefully hewn within and without : Kare^afx/iievrj is from 
Kara^aivo). The following description, from Heeren, will throw light upon 
this passage. " On the face of the rock from which the terrace projects 
are two sepulchral monuments. A facade has been formed in the surface 
of the cliff, at a considerable height from the ground, behind which is a 
square apartment. Beneath, the rock has been cut away perpendicularly, 
so as to make all access impracticable." (Hist. Res., vol. i., p. 149.) — 
irpoo6aoiv, "doorway." Literally, "means of access," i. e., in the usual 
way. — vtt' bpydvuv 6e tlvcov, &c, " but receiving the coffins of the deceased, 
who were raised upon high by means of skilfully constructed machines," 
i. e., the stone coffins containing the corpses were raised up to a level with 
the opening made above in the face of the rock, and in this way introduced 
into the hewn-out chambers within. 

35-36. Kara 6s rr/v anpav, &c, " throughout this elevation there were 
very many royal places of entertainment, and treasuries" &c. The refer- 
ence in icaraXvoeig is to banqueting-halls, &c. 

Line 1-3. ravra rd fiaa'ikeia, &c. Alexander destroyed, "MP) 
neither the entire city of Persepolis, as some suppose (for it was 
in existence long after his death), nor all the buildings mentioned by Diodo- 
rus as standing on different parts of the aKpa. He appears to have set fire 
merely to a single edifice, on the third or uppermost terrace. This was the 
main banqueting-hall, where the monarch entertained the grandees of the 
court on solemn festivals. (Consult Porter, Travels, &c, vol. i., p. 646, 
and Heeren, Hist. Res., vol. i., p. 190.) — evenpnae^ from tfnrpy&u. — 
diETTopd-rjcav, when Xerxes invaded Greece. 

11-16. MyovvLv, referring, not to the boys, but to the Persians themselves. 
—on km tovto epxovrac, &c, " that they go (to school) for this purpose, 

295 



NOTES ON PAGES 110 AND 111. 

Pa?e 

110 J ust as W ^ us those who are about to learn their letters (go with 
that view)." We have given ypapftara here its literal meaning. 
The reference appears to be, however, not merely to letters, but to elemen- 
tary studies in general. (Consult Sturz, Lex. Xen., s. v.) — yiyverai, 
"there arise." Literally, "there are produced." — nal aXkuv oltov drj 
el/toc, " and other offences, of such a nature as it is natural for accusations 
to arise about,'''' i. e., about which it is natural for accusations to arise. 
Complete the clause as follows : nal aXkuv toiovtuv, ocuv 6t] elitbg egtlv 
kjKlrjfiara yiyvEG-d-ai. 

17-23. uv yvucL aSiKOvvrag, " they may have ascertained to be offending.' 1 
— hyKkrjiiaroq, "in the case of an accusation?' Literally, "respecting an 
accusation." — 6iK(iC,ovrai, "go to law." Middle voice. — x°^P LV a,7roSiS6- 
vai, "to return a favour, 1 " i. e., to testify thankfulness. — nal nepl d-eovc, 
&c, " will, in all likelihood, be most negligent of their duty towards both 
gods," &c. For a literal translation supply iavrovc after sxeiv, " will, in 
all likelihood, have (i. e., bear) themselves, in an especial degree, negli- 
gently towards," &c. 

25-33. au(j)poavvnv, "discreetness of deportment." — (pepovrai de olno&ev, 
&c, " they bring with them from home, moreover, for solid food, bread, and, 
to eat with their bread, water-cresses." Observe the force of the middle in 
(pipovrcu. — tuelv 6', "and for drinking." — apvoao&aL, "to take up water 
for themselves." Observe the force of the middle. The aorist, too, indi- 
cates despatch and saving of time. — hn rovrov 6e, " but after this." Sup- 
ply xpovov. 

Line 2-14. kir' ehd-siac, " straight onward," Supply with ev- 
■&elag (which is the gen. sing. fern, of svd-vg) the noun odov. — 
ax^ofievog, "dividing." Literally, " dividing itself." — Grdfiara. Supply 
karl. — uv ra Eoxctra, " the extreme ones of which." The nominative ab- 
solute again before a clause indicating distribution. — at ye a^ioTioyoi, &c., 
" some of considerable, but the greater part of scanty, size." — /uaXiGrd frog, 
"pretty nearly." Observe the diminishing force of Ttcog. Literally, "very 
nearly, after a manner." — gvv alg TtoisiTai Ka/inraig, "including the bends 
which it makes." Literally, " together with the bends which," &c. Ob- 
serve the attraction in alg Ka/nralg. The plain Greek would be, gvv ralg 
KafXTtaZg ag (na/Lnrag) ixoielrai. — Kara Se rovg v7r0Ka.ro rorrovg, &c, "in 
the low grounds, however, it is contracted in its volume of waters, the 
stream being continually drawn away more and more towards both conti- 
nents," i. e., after leaving the mountains and reaching the level country at 
their base, the Nile loses by sending off two branches, in two opposite 
directions. This is all false. The Nile receives, in place of sending forth. 
The two continents are Africa and Asia ; which, according to the ancient 
geographers, until the time of Ptolemy, were supposed to have the Nile as 
their common line of separation. 

22-25. TruGa 57 x^P a - The inundation is felt most extensively, and, of 
course, beneficially, in Lower Egypt. — hirl XoQov, &c, " on natural hills or 
artificial mounds." — Kara rrjv Tcoppo&EV oipiv, "when seen from a dis- 
tance." More literally, " as regards the view from the distance." — TrTlEiovg 
6' rj, &c, The rise of the Nile commences with the summer solstice 
(June 21). The river attains its greatest height at the autumnal equinox 
(Sept. 21), continues stationary for some days, and then diminishes at a 
less rapid rate than it rose. At the winter solstice (Dec. 21) it is very 
low, but some water still remains in the large canals. At this period the 
lands are put under culture. 
296 



NOTES ON PAGES 111 AND 112. 

Page 

29-33. irlripovTat 6e 6 ~NeI?ioc, &c. The inundation of the HI 
Nile is caused by the heavy annual rains between the tropics. 
A similar increase of waters is common to all the rivers of the torrid zone, 
and, in low situations, occasions inundations as in Egypt. — kXv^o/j.evtjc, " be- 
ing inundated by these." — Kara ttjv ef apxWC> &c, "in the first creation 
of all things." 

Line 1-10. ttjv evupaoiav, "the excellent climate." — ttoIv- H2 
yovov, " very fertilizing." The waters of the Nile are said, even 
at the present day, to possess the same character, as regards not only plants, 
but also the animal kingdom. — nal rac rpo(pac, &c, " and affording sponta- 
neously its nutritious properties." — ra ^cjoyovvd-ivra, " the things that are 
born alive" i. e., animals, as opposed to plants. — to nal vvv etc, &c, " the 
circumstance, namely, that still, even at the present day, the country in the 
Thebais produces at certain seasons so many and so large-sized mice." — 
lievovarjc etc Kara (pvotv, &c, " the clod of earth still remaining (here) in its 
natural state," i. e., the latter half of the animal still remains a clod of earth. 
This foolish story is found in several of the ancient writers, and among the 
rest in iElian (H. A., 2, 56). It is very surprising that it should elicit 
from Wesseling (ad Diod. Sic, 1, 10) only a " nondum credimus." The 
whole matter rests, very probably, on the appearance, in former days, at 
particular periods, of great numbers of the sorex, or " shrew-mouse." Some 
of these little animals, being seen only half out of the earth, may have given 
rise to the most amusing part of this preposterous fable. That the Egyp- 
tians worshipped a species of shrew-mouse (the sorex religiosus), perhaps 
on this very account, has been confirmed by the discoveries of Olivier and 
Passalacqua. (St. Hilaire, Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. xi., p. 323.) 

12-15. TETrapdnovTa airo rije MefKpiSog, &c, " to one having advanced 
forty stadia from Memphis a kind of mountain-ridge presents itself." 
Literally, " to one having advanced, &c, there is a kind of mountain- ridge." 
This bpEivr) 6<j>pvc is called by modern writers a " rocky-platform," and is 
said to be about a hundred and fifty feet above the level of the surrounding 
desert. The number of pyramids now standing in Egypt is about forty. 
They are all in what is called Middle Egypt, and are divided into five groups. 
The pyramids alluded to in the text are those at the modern Gizeh or Djizeh, 
northwest of the ancient Memphis, and form the most remarkable of all the 
groups, since they contain the largest pyramid among them. — at-ib'Koyoi, " re- 
markable ones" — ev role ektu, ■&edfiaai 1 " among the seven wonders (of 
the world)." Literally, " the seven sights," i. e., great sights. 

16-23. npoTEpov. It was called Arsinoe, after the queen of Ptolemy 
Philadelphus. The appellation KpoKodsiTiov tvo^lc is merely a Greek 
translation of its original Egyptian name. — ev t£) KwottoTii.tv vofj.&, "in 
the Cynopolitic nome." The Greek name nome (vo/nog) was applied to the 
jurisdictions, or districts, into which Egypt was divided. — 6 "Avov6lc, "the 
god Anubis" a dog-headed deity of the Egyptians. — nati' eclvtovc ekclotoi, 
"each community by themselves ," i. e., some animals were held sacred by 
the inhabitants of one part of Egypt, and not by those of another. 

24-28. EKaTo/nrvXovc. This, of course, is an exaggeration, either 
springing from the fancy of the bard himself, or resting on false informa- 
tion received from the Phoenician traders. One difficulty, however, still re- 
mains. The Egyptian Thebes, contrary to the usual belief, was never sur- 
rounded by walls of any kind, and, therefore, even if we consider EKarofx- 
ttvXovc in the text as equivalent to " many-gated," still these gates or por- 

297 



NOTES ON PAGES 112 AND 113. 

Page 

112 * a ^ s mus ' either be those of its numerous palaces, or, what is more 
probable, the openings in the great circus or hippodrome that was 
in the neighbourhood of the city. The mention of Thebes in Homer oc- 
curs at II. , 9, 381, seqq. — avryc, as if itoXic preceded, which is implied, in 
fact, in Qrj6ag. — eon 6' lepd ttXsicj, " there are in it, also, numerous temples." 
— Kcjfirjdov, u in villages," i. e., several settlements are scattered over the 
circuit of the ancient city, but they are like so many villages, and form separ- 
ate clusters or groups. — kv ry Tzepaia, " on the opposite side of the Nile." 
Supply x&pa. 

29-33. dvolv koXoooCov. These are the two statues called by the Arabs, 
at the present day, Shamy and Damy. — oeio/j,ov yevy&evrog. The destruc- 
tion of the upper part of this statue has been attributed to Cambyses, by 
the writers of some of the inscriptions on it, as well as by some ancient 
authors. This seems more probable than the cause assigned by Strabo, in 
our text, since the temple to which the statue belonged, and the other 
colossi in the dromos, have evidently been levelled and mutilated by the 
hand of man. {Wilkinson's Thebes, p. 36.) — d)c av 7rhnyrjc ov /neydXvc, 
" as of a slight blow." The sound which this statue, commonly called 
" the vocal Memnon," uttered, was said to resemble the breaking of a harp- 
string. One of the inscriptions, however, says it was like brass when struck 
(wc x a ^ K0 ^° tvttevtoc), and this led Wilkinson to make an experiment 
deserving of mention here. There is, it seems, in the lap of the statue a 
stone, which, on being struck, emits a metallic sound ; and, in the block 
behind, a square space is cut large enough to admit a person, who might 
thus lie concealed from the most scrutinizing observer in the plain below. 
Mr. Wilkinson placed some peasants below, and having ascended to the lap 
of the statue, struck the sonorous block with a small hammer. On inquiring 
of the peasants what they heard, their answer was, " you are striking brass." 
— It may be added, that the part of the statue which had been broken off 
is now carried away, and that the figure is again completed by courses of 
common sandstone, forming the back, neck, and head. By whom this was 
done has not been ascertained. 

35-36. -&7jfcai paoiteov. These are the famous " tombs of the kings," 
in which Belzoni made some of his most brilliant discoveries. The paint- 
ings, with which they are adorned within, throw great and interesting light 
on the manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians. — liaro/iyrai, " hol- 
lowed out of the rock." 

1]Q Line 1-8. irepl rag eoxariac, &c. The position of these mines 
is about southeast from Bahayreh, a village opposite the town of 
Edfou, or Apollinopolis Magna, and at a distance of nearly ten days' journey 
from that place, in the mountains of the Bishareeh. The gold lies in veins 
of quartz,, in the rocks bordering an inhospitable valley : but the small 
quantity which these mines are capable of producing by immense labour, 
added to the difficulty of procuring water, would probably render the re- 
opening of them, at the present day, an unprofitable speculation ; and in- 
deed in the time of Abulfeda they only just covered their expenses, and have 
never been worked since they were abandoned by the Arab califs. ( Wil- 
kinson, Manners and Customs of Anc. Egypt, vol. i., p. 233.) — ttjc yap yfjg 
fielaivnc ovonc, &c. The rock in which the veins of quartz run is an 
argillaceous schist. — dtafyvac ical <p7ie6ac, " seams and veins." — fxapfidpov. 
What Diodorus here calls " marble'" is the quartz, which is the matrix of 
the ore. — rrdoac rac TreptXafXTrofievag (pvceLc, " all other natural substances 
that throw brilliancy around" i. e., all the most shining substances. More 
298 



NOTES ON PAGES 113 AND 114. 

Page 

literally, " that cause themselves to shine around." Middle voice. [\3 
— ol TipoaedpevovTEc;, &c, " the overseers of these mining opera- 
tions." Literally, " they who sit by (or near) these," &c. — KaracKEvd^ovai, 
"elaborate." 

9-11. ol yap SaGiXetc, &c. Diodorus, who copies this whole account 
from Agatharchides (de R. M., p. 23), refers here to the Ptolemies, or kings 
of the Greek dynasty. From his remarks, however, at the close of his 
narrative, it appears that the mode of mining described by him was brought in 
by the earliest Pharaohs. — etc de tovc udUocc 6ca6o?ialc, &c., " and those, 
moreover, who have become involved in false accusations, and have through 
resentment been thrown into prison, sometimes themselves alone, at other 
times," &c. If the Greek text be -correct, the reference in adinoic 6ca6o- 
laic ■KEpLTTEcovrag will be to persons falsely accused of offences against 
the royal authority, and who, in the irritation of the moment (Sea -frvfibv), 
have been thrown unheard into prison. This appears to be the only in- 
telligible explanation that can be given. Wilkinson suggests for a transla- 
tion, "convicted of false accusations," but the Greek text will not admit of 
this. 

19-23. T7jc 6e tov xP v <^ov, &c, "having, by the aid of a heavy fire, 
roasted the hardest part of the earth containing the gold, and (thus) made 
it porous and brittle, they bring to bear upon it the labour of the hands," 
i. e., they roast the quartz in which the gold lies imbedded. The term 
" earth" (yfjg) is here loosely applied to the rocky matrix itself. — ttjv de 
avELfiEvnv TTEtpav, &c, "thereupon, many thousands of (these) unfortu- 
nate persons labour with iron picks on the rock (thus) softened (by the fire) 
and able (now) to yield to moderate labour." — nai ttjc /lcev blr/g Tcpayp,aTEiac, 
&c, "an engineer, moreover, who selects the stone, and points it out to the 
workmen, directs the whole work." Literally, " an artificer, &c, takes the 
lead of the whole operation." 

27-36. rvKLOL atdnpaic, &c, "cleave the marble- shining rock with iron 
chisels, bringing no skill to bear upon their labours, but mere physical 
strength." — 7rpoc etuot&tov /3apvT7]Ta, &c, "at the harsh command and 
blows of an overseer." — 6ta ruv intovofcuv, " through the drains," i. e., the 
lateral passages constructed principally for carrying off the water from the 
mine, and running almost horizontally. They are called Stollen by the 
German miners. — dva6dXXovaiv, "pile up." — apicfiEvov fiETpov tov Xaro- 
firjfiaroc, "a piece of the quarried stone of certain dimensions." More 
literally, "a defined size of the quarried stone." 

Line 1-6. tvtttovol, " found it." — avd rpelc rj dvo, " in parties 1 1 4. 
of three or two" i. e., three or two persons being employed at the 
same hand-mill. As the number was more commonly three than two, the 
greater numeral precedes. Observe the distributive force of avd. There 
is no peculiar form in Greek for distributives. To express their meaning, 
sometimes the cardinal numbers compounded with avv are used ; some- 
times the prepositions avd, Kara, &c. — npbe ttjv kuttvv, &c, "grind at 
the handle (of the same mill), reducing the size given (unto them) to the 
form of the finest flour." 

7-12. ol TExvlrat, " the master workmen." — 7rpoc rrjv bXnv dyovai ovv- 
reTiELav, "carry it away to undergo the final process." — ettI yap nlaTEiac 
cavidoc, &c, "for they rub the pulverized stone upon a broad table a little 
inclined, pouring water upon it ( at the time)." More literally, " for they 
rub the marble (thus far) operated upon," &c. — to [iev yeudsc avTrjg, " the 

299 



NOTES ON PAGES 114, 115, AND 116. 

Page 

114 earthy matter contained in it." — did ruv vypuv, "by the fluid 
particles ," i. e., the water poured upon it. — to 6e xp va ' LoV '^X ov i 
" while that which contains gold." 

15-29. onoyyotg dpatolg, &c, "pressing upon it lightly with fine 
sponges," i. e., gently applying fine sponges. — to x a ^ vov K & L yetideg, 
" the light and earthy substance." — TtapaXafiddvovreg fierpu Kal cra-fr/iti, 
" having taken away by measure and weight." — fj-i^avrec 5e Kara to Ttl^-d-og, 
&c, " and then, having mixed together in a certain proportion," &c. — 
■npoae^dTikovatv, "they throw these in together with it." — ipvyrjvcu, from 
ipvx *- — ™ v ft&v m^wv, " of the other substances," referring to the lead, 
salt, and other ingredients that had been thrown in to promote the fusion 
and refining of the gold. — bXtyng dirovoiag yeyevnfievng, " a slight diminu- 
tion (in quantity) having taken place." — tog av Karadetx'&slaa, " as having 
been (originally) established." 

31-36. em rhv eTn/Lceletav ravrnv, "for this purpose." More literally, 
" for this object of his care." — Trjg Mfzvng, " the lake (Mareotis)." — ry 
evcToxia rf/g ^vaoTOjiiag, " by the accurate direction of the line of streets." 

25 Line 2-10. did rov [leyioTov neXdyovg, "over a very wide 

expanse of sea." The Etesian, being northern, winds, blew over 

a large portion of the Mediterranean, before reaching Egypt. — azydXng 

Mfivng, alluding again to the Lake Mareotis. — r/ye rrlarelav, " he drew a 

broad avenue." Supply frvfinv. — KaraaKevaig, "structures." 

16-21. (3dpog t£)v epyuv, "solidity of the work." — KaraaKevaig, "erec- 
tions." — t&v Kara ttjv oinovjievnv . Supply ttoTlsov. 

26-35. ol kb&ioneg aanofjioi t€, &c, " the ^Ethiopians both lead hard 
lives, and are for the most part devoid of clothing." — x?^ vraL i " they use 
(for food)." — xP& VTai To^ocg, " make use of botes." — KeKp'tKuvrai to x^og, 
&c, "insert a brazen ring into the (lower) lip of the mouth." Literally, 
"ring with a brazen ring the," &c. 

226 Line 1-10. rtiv rrpoBdrov alyorpLXovvruv. They wear no gar- 
ments made of wool, since their sheep have hair like goats, instead 
of wool. — ol Se, " so?7ie (of them)." — fj rpixtva Trleyjuara evvtyrj, " or cover- 
ings made of hair, of a fine texture." — -&ebv cJe vojiifrvoi, &c, " they believe 
also in a twofold deity, the one immortal, and that this one is the author of 
all things ; the other mortal, being a namzlcss kind of being, and not clear 
to comprehend." For a literal translation, supply elvat with -&ebv. " They 
think that there is a god, in part immortal," &c. We have here a gross 
kind of Dualism, suited to the conceptions of a barbarous race. — d>g 6' kiu- 
totto'Kv, " and for the most part." — -&eovg vop-i^ovai, " they regard as gods." 
Literally, " they consider to be gods." Supply elvat. — ireptxeavreg valov, 
" having poured around them a transparent kind of resin." The reference 
cannot, by any possibility, be to glass. Such a version would be totally 
inconsistent with the barbarous habits of the race. The meaning here given 
to valog approximates very closely to its primitive acceptation, namely, any 
clear or transparent substance, such as crystal, amber, &c. — kvkXg) rtiv 
lepuv, " round about the temples." — fj apery, " or for superiority ." 

12-21. 6ie7Seiv, "to treat." — rd yap irepl YL.vpf]vnv. Supply uepn. — 
etl Se ttjv jieaoyeiov, &c, " and, still farther, the interior of the country in 
this quarter." — rd vevovra jiepn, " the regions that incline," i. e., look. 
— fierexovreg Kal Trjg 7rapa?uag, "having a share also of the sea-coast." 
— tuv 6/j.oeSvG)v, " the other tribes of the same race (with themselves)." 
Governed by rrpo in composition. 
300 



NOTES ON PAGES 116, 117, AND 118. 

Page 

28-36. ovre tov dacaiov, &c, "and having no regard for, or [\Q 
conception of, what is just.'''' — ra TvaparvxovTa, " whatever they 
meet with." Literally, " the things that have (anywhere) come in contact 
with them."— koi to tuv eTriTTjSevfzdrcjv, &c, " and zealously indulging 
in their savage habits.'''' The expression to tuv kTnTvdevfidTuv ayptov is 
equivalent, in fact, to dypta eTTirndevfiara. — karlv oineioc, " is in unison 
with.'''' 

Line 5-7. eToxa&fievot tov irporepElv, &c, "aiming merely 117 
at outstripping their foes by their agile movements," &c. — 8ia- 
TTSTTOvvicoTes Trj fie?jTn, &c, "having improved, by practice and constant 
habit, the advantages of nature" 

11-16. yeadnc, "rich." — aiTOtpopoc, "a grain country." — evxpnariav 
Tcapexofievovc, " affording convenient uses," i. e., convenient and useful riv- 
ers. — vauariaiuv vSutcjv, " of running waters." — ecriv, for efjeanv. 

21-22. wc av rye elg UEcSyeiov, &c, "since the region, that stretches 
inward, has throughout its whole extent a continued row of sand-hills." — 

k<f offov tie onavi&i km togovtov nln-d-vet, " as great, moreover, 

as is the scarcity even so great (on the other hand) is the abun- 
dance." 

31-34. TcepiypatyovGnc kvkTiov, " describing a (kind of) circle." The 
peninsular merely approached to a circular shape. — r] d/cpo7roAic. Supply 
r/v. — b(ppve tKavuc bpMa, " a hilly brow of considerable elevation." More 
literally, "sufficiently high," i. e., for the purposes of a citadel. 

Line 1-11. ol re Tiiuevec, &c, " both the harbours, and in par- lift 
ticular the one called Cothon." Carthage had two harbours, the 
outer and inner one. The inner harbour was named Cothon. — vnaiov nepi- 
(pepec, &c., " a small circular island, surrounded by a canal." — veuooinovc, 
"arsenals." These were, in fact, arsenals and dockyards combined, con- 
sisting of large covered buildings, capable of containing two hundred and 
twenty vessels of war, and having arsenals in the upper stories. (Appian, 
Pun., 96.) — Xaov, " a body of followers." — ovto & svtvx^c, &c, "so flour- 
ishing, moreover, did both this colony prove for the Phoenicians, and also that 
sent as far as the other coast of Spain, and the part beyond the Columns of 
Hercules (in particular)." The meaning is, that not only Carthage proved 
a flourishing settlement, but also Carthago Nova, on the Mediterranean 
shore of Spain, and in particular Gades, on the Atlantic coast. — eveiuavTO, 
"appropriated unto themselves." — banv utj vouadtKtic, dec., "as much as 
it was possible to inhabit not in a nomadic manner," i. e., which admitted 
of any other than a pastoral, and, of course, wandering mode of life : olov 
t' rjv is the same as k%qv. — avTovc, referring to the Romans. 

12-20. avrtiv, referring to the Carthaginians. — tov vutu,tov ttoXb/iov. 
The third Punic war, one of the three referred to in the previous paragraph. 
— kv ttj TroAei, "in their own city" i. e., Carthage. — KaraaveKriKn opyava, 
" catapult as ." Literally, " catapultic engines." — d>c ov TToXe/u.Tf&fjo-ouevot, 
" (thinking) that by doing this they will not be vjarred upon again by the 
Romans." We have already remarked, that in order to seize the full sense 
of (I>c with a participle, as in the present instance, we must in translating 
insert some word or clause. — KpidevTog de 7rd?uv, &c, " a renewal of hos- 
tilities, however, having again been determined on." Strabo here leans to 
the Roman side of the question. The truth was, that, after they had been 
stripped of nearly all their resources by their victorious foes, the Carthagi- 
nians were told that they must leave their city, and found one in the interior 

C c 301 



NOTES ON PAGES 118 AND 119. 

Page 

[23 °f Africa, at a distance of not less than ten miles from the sea. 
This stroke of perfidy gave rise to the third Punic war, which 
closed with the fall of Carthage. 

21-39. ovveoTfjoavTo, "they set on foot." — dveyepovro, "were laid up," 
i. e., made and stored up in the arsenal. — TreirvydTee, " well-compacted." — 
fie"kn KaTcnre2,TiKd, " catapultic javelins" i. e., large iron javelins intended 
to be thrown from catapultas. — rpixa. The ropes for managing the cata- 
pultas were made out of human hair, the Romans having stripped the Car- 
thaginians of the proper materials. — KaracppdnTOvc, " completely equipped." 
— (ppovpovp-evov, " being blockaded (by the Romans)." — v2.n yap tjv arco- 
Ket(j.evn -Kcikaia, "for a quantity of old naval timber was lying stored up." 
— Ttpocredpevov, "plied the work. — kdlu, from alicno, in a passive sense. 



HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. 

T_]_Q Line 1-3. ol ev uaret, "those in the city," i. e., the Athenians. 
Whenever the reference is to Attic affairs, and the term aarv is 
thus employed, the allusion is to the city of Athens. — •KoTiefiovvTsc kZenafiov, 
" were wearied out with ir aging war." — vo/uov £$evto. Observe the force of 
the middle. A legislator is said ridevai vop.ov, because he does it for 
others ; but a people are said Tid-ead-at, vofiov, because they do it for them- 
selves. — (ir/Te ypdifiat rivd, &c, " that no one either propose in writing, or 
recommend by word of mouth, for the time to come, that it is incumbent on 
the state to lay claim to Salamis, or else that (if he do so) he be punished 
with death." Observe the distinction between ypdijjai and e'nzelv. No law 
could be proposed to the public assembly at Athens unless it had been 
written on a white tablet, and fixed up, some days before the time of meet- 
ing, at the statues of the heroes called knuvvjioi, in order that all the citi- 
zens might read what was to be proposed at their next meeting, and be able 
to give a more deliberate judgment thereon. Hence the expression ypdibat 
in the text. The verb elneiv, on the other hand, refers to an oral recom- 
mendation of any measure either in conversation or debate. 

5-9. T7jv ddofcav, " the ignominy (of this decree)." — deo/uevovc dpxyc, 
V only wanting a pretext." dpxyc is here equivalent to wpofdaeug. — 
avrovc, "of themselves." — enoraoiv rtiv Xoyicfitiv, "an alienation of his 
reasoning faculties." — loyoc dtedod-n, " a report was circulated." — -jrapa- 
KLvnriKuc ex CLV o-vtov, " that he was disordered in intellect." Complete 
and construe as follows : avrbv ex eLV tavrov TTapanivvTiKuc tov vovv. 
Literally, " that he had himself in a disordered state as regarded his mind." 

10-12. kXeyela de Kpvtya avv&elc, &c, "having composed, however, in 
secret, some verses in elegiac measure, and having gone over these carefully, 
so as to repeat them offhand." Literally, "from the mouth," i. e., from 
memory. We must not attach to kleyeia anything of an elegiac tone or 
meaning. It refers merely to the alternating hexameter and pentameter 
which formed the elegiac measure, and a specimen of which is given farther 
on. The word eXeyoc was first applied to the alternating hexameter and 
pentameter in the time of Simonides. Previous to this, the measure was 
called, not eleyoc, but f7roc, and was used for martial themes. Plutarch, 
therefore, uses kXeyela here in the earlier sense of errn, and hence also we 
see why Solon, who in reality composed a kind of war- song, adopted the 
302 



NOTES ON PAGES 119 AND 120. 

Page 

measure in question. — ttlXlov Trept&efievoc, " having placed a cap I 19 
on his head," i. e., as if he had just returned from a journey, the 
cap being most commonly worn by the Greeks only on journeys. 

13-16. tov tov ktjpvkoc hid-ov, " the herald's stone."" An elevation, 
from which the herald, or crier, as the case might be, was wont to make 
announcements to the people. — kv d>6v diE^Xd-E, &c, " he went over in 
song the elegiac poem (which he had composed)." — avrbg r/Xd-ov, " I, even 
I, have just come." Observe the force of avrbc, (literally, " I myself"), and 
also the instantaneous action denoted by the aorist. — koollov kmov, &c, 
" having composed a fair order of words, a song in place of an harangue" 
The expression koollov krcEuv d-iusvoc is equivalent, in fact, to kirn koollluc 
■&ellevoc. This line is a pentameter, following an hexameter, the peculiar 
characteristic of the elegiac metre. In scanning, we must pronounce krciuv 
as a word of two syllables, for the sake of the metre : 

koollov ett | uv, ud | fjv || avr" ay op \ ye, -&ellev \ oc \\ 

18-22. tote de dad-Evroc avrov, " it having thereupon been sung (by 
him) on this occasion." — avrov, i. e., tov izoirjLiaTOc. — TrpocTvo'dfj.Evoc tov 
2,6Xuva, "having placed Solon at their head." Observe the force of the 
middle. 

23-28. ra uev ovv dyLLudy, &c, " the popular account, then, of the trans- 
action is as follows." Literally, " the popular ones, then, of the things that 
are reported (concerning this affair) are such (as follows)." The expression 
to, dnfju^dy tuv ?.£-yofj.Evov is equivalent, in fact, to to. vtco t£>v ttXelotov 
?„£-y6/j,Eva. — km KuXtdda, " to the promontory of Colias." A promontory 
of Attica, over against Salamis, and having on it a temple of Ceres. — Kara- 
?ia6o)v, " having found." The primitive meaning of the verb is, " to come 
suddenly" or "unawares upon any one." — keXevoovto, "to bid." The 
future participle indicating intention or purpose. 

Line 2-7. ttjv raxioryv, "instantly." Supply odov.—rco 190 
7r7,oicj, referring to the vessel in which the pretended deserter had 
come. — tuv 6s vsoTspuv, &c. The order of construction is as follows : 

TtpOGETa^E 61 TOVC /J,7jSe7TCO yEVELUVTOC TCJV VEUTEpOV TCaifrlV KOI 

Xopsvetv npbc ttj {ra?MO~oy, &c. — rote ekecvuv, " which belonged to the 
former," i. e., to the women. Supply oven. — OK.Evaaajj.hovc, " having ar- 
rayed themselves." 

10-14. VTrax&EVTsc, " having been lured on." — k^ETrydcov 6c km, &c, 
" leaped forth (from the vessel), thinking that they did so merely in a contest 
with one another for the possession of women." The expression 6c km 
yvvalnae., &c, is equivalent to vofii&vTsc kKirndav dfiiXXufievot, &c. — 
ugte /j.T)d£va dtatf/vyEiv, "so that (in the conflict which ensued) not one of 
them escaped," &c. Supply after 6ote the words kv Tavrn rrj difiiXXn, or 
something equivalent. — vf/oov. Salamis. — svtivg ex^lv, "straightway held 
it as their own." — dXXoc 6e hXXov tlvu, rponov, &c, " others, however, say 
that the capture (of the island) took place after another kind of way." The 
words dXXot dk refer back to rd llev dyfxudy as their protasis. 

16-20. fvXyg fikv ijv, &c, "was of the tribe Antiochis, but, as to 
his borough, of Alopece." The Attic tribes (tyvXai) were ten in number; 
and these ten were subdivided unevenly into one hundred and seventy-four 
boroughs. — ovaiaq avrov, " his private resources." — Xoyoi, "accounts." — 
oi llev, 6e kv TTEvia, &c, " some, thai he passed all his days in rigorous 
poverty," &c. The particle 6c, with the genitive absolute, after verbs of 
thinking, feeling, declaring, &c, stands in the place of the accusative with 

303 



NOTES ON PAGES 120 AND 121. 

Page 

120 ^ e i n fi n iti ve - (Vig er > Id-i P- 458, Glasg. ed.) — nolvv %povov 
avetcdoTovc, &c, " vjho were for a long lime not given in marriage 

from utter poverty,'''' i. e., utter want of means to supply anything like a dowry. 

21-25. rcpbc de tovtov rov Tioyov, &c, " to this report, however, though 
uttered by many individuals, Demetrius the Phalerean setting himself in 
opposition, both declares that he knows a spot of ground at Phalerum called 
after Aristides," &c. Having had the previous clause commencing with ol 
fiev, we would naturally expect this one to begin with ol de. Instead, how- 
ever, of this, we have an adversative clause, npoc de rovrov, &c — Ts-d-aTtrat, 
" he lies buried.''' Observe the continued force of the perfect. — Trje itepi 
rov oIkov evizopiac, " of the abundance of his private means." — ov [xaka 
TU-&ava, '■'■not very convincing, indeed." — Trje ireviac, " from his poverty,'" 
i. e., from the poverty alleged against him by others. Equivalent, in fact, 

tO £K TOV TG)V TXZVTjTUtV dpf&fJ,OV. 

27-29. davfiaarr) de tic ktyaivero, "wonderful, too, of its kind, appeared 
his equanimity, amid the changes (that took place from time to time) in the 
government, he being neither elated (on the one hand) by the honours be- 
stowed upon him, and (on the other) conducting himself quietly and calmly, 
as regarded the reverses (which he encountered)." The reference is here 
to party changes by which offices, &c, are lost or won. With exovroe 
supply eavrov. — nal dfioiue rjyovfievov, &c, " and thinking, that he ought 
equally (in either event) to render himself useful to his country, by dischar- 
ging the duties of a citizen gratuitously and without prospect of recompense, 
not only as regarded pecuniary benefits, but also preferment in the state." 
The genitives xpVjJ-druv and dofyc give a nearer definition of the idea con- 
tained in rcpoLKa and afua&t. 

32-33. ele 'AfKpidpaov, "relative to Amphiardus." The celebrated 
Argive soothsayer, and one of the seven leaders of the Argive army against 
Thebes. — vtt' k.iaxv\ov. In his play entitled, " The Seven against 
Thebes." — kv r<p d-earpu, "in the theatre (at Athens)." 

121 L INE 2-5. f3a-&eZav alona, &c, "reaping in mind the produce 
of the deep furrow." Amphiaraus, on the score of principle and 

feeling, is compared to a deeply-ploughed, and, therefore, richly productive, 
field. — rd nedvd j3ovlsv/mTa, "his pure resolves." — inze6Xeipav, "turned 
away from other objects." — 6c hueivu) /udlcara, &c, "as if this virtuous 
character suited him most of all." — The three lines quoted from ^schylus, 
in the text, are scanned as follows : 

ov yap | donelv \\ dinai | oc, dXk' \\ elval \ delel, \\ 
@a&el | dv ako \\ ad did | (ppevoe || Kdpirov | pJevoe, \\ 
df fjg | ra. keSv I) a flXdor \ dvel [| /3ov7iev \ para. || 

They are all Iambic trimeters acatalectic. 

6-11. ov p,6vov de 7rpog evvoiav, &c, " most firm was he, moreover, in 
making opposition, not only to the dictates of friendship and favour, but also 
to those of resentment and hatred, in behalf of what was just," i. e., in the 
cause of justice, Aristides forgot alike friend and foe, favour and injury. — 
/nerd ttjv Karnyopiav, &c, " the judges not feeling inclined, after the charge 
(had been set forth by Aristides), to listen to the accused." Literally, " to the 
one who was in danger." — al2,d r?;v tpr)<pov, &c, " but straightway asking 
for the ballot against him." At first, black and white pebbles (^>f^oi) were 
given to the judges, with which to express their opinion ; afterward pellets 
of brass were employed, and finally black and white beans. Still, however, 
the term tpfjfoc was retained in its general meaning of a ballot, even when 
304 



NOTES ON PAGES 121 AND 122. 

Pago 

beans were used as such. — avarrr/S^aag ru Kpivop.hu, &c, " to have 191 
leaped up, and, together with the person who was getting tried, to 
have entreated them that the latter might be heard, and might enjoy the 
privileges of the laws." Literally, " might meet with," i. e., at their hands. 
13-25. Kpivuv, "when dispensing justice." — tzo/.acl rvyxdvet, &c, 
11 happens to have done many injuries to Aristides ." To some verbs, which 
merely express subordinate definitions of an action, the Greeks add the 
participle of the verb which expresses the principal action. — rraativ oe tojv 
Ttspl avrbv, &c, "of all the virtues of his character, however, his justice 
especially afforded a (clear) perception (of itself) to the people at large, on 
account of its exercise being most constant, and most common in its effects 
unto all," i. e., on account of the advantages which the people at large de- 
rived from its constant and unlimited exercise. — avrjp rrivnc Kal 6rjuo~LK.bg, 
" although a poor man, and a plain republican." — rbv Aircaiov, " namely, 
the Just." Put in apposition with rrpoanyoptav. — o rtiv j3aoi?,euv, &c, 
" what no one of the kings and tyrants (mentioned in history) was ever 
emulous of obtaining ; on the contrary, they took delight in being surname d," 
&,c. o, at the beginning of this sentence, is equivalent to the Latin id quod, 
and refers to the clause that precedes. — Tlo7\iopKnral Kal Kepavvol, &c. 
The allusion here is to the surnames of various ancient monarchs : Deme- 
trius Poliorcetes, son of Antigonus ; Ptolemy Ceraunus, King of Macedo- 
nia ; Seleucus Nicdtor, King of Syria ; Pyrrhus, the Eagle, King of Epi- 
rus ; and Antiochus Hierax, brother of Seleucus Callinlcus, 

28-36. rrjv erruvvficav, "his surname," i. e., the Just. — rij vlkv, " their 
victory" i. e., the successful issue of the war with the Persians. — fjx^ero, 
"took umbrage at." — ovo/ua rib q&ovcj, &c, "having given ' a fear of 
tyranny' as a name to their envy of his glory," i. e., having assigned, as a 
pretext for their conduct towards him, the dread of his becoming too pow- 
erful, and crushing their liberties. — oV evirpeTTEtav, "for the sake of a be- 
coming name." Literally, "for the sake of what was becoming." — byKOv 
Kal dvvduetjc, cfec, "an humbling and restricting of pride and power too 
burdensome (for the state to endure)." — ypapo/j.evov ovv tote, &c., "while 
the shells were therefore getting inscribed, on that occasion," i. e., the occa- 
sion of the banishment of Aristides. The voters wrote on shells the name 
of the person they wished to have banished, and six thousand votes ac- 
complished the object. The banishment imposed by this singular process 
was, however, only for ten years. 

Line 1-4. koX TravreAtic aypotnuv, "and altogether boorish 122 
class." — d)Q ivl tuv tvxovtov, " as if to one of the ordinary kind 
of persons." He did not know Aristides, but took him for an ordinary 
person, and one of the common class of citizens. — ottuc 'Apicreidvv kyypdtp- 
tt, "that he will write upon it (the name) Aristides." — p,f], "whether." 
Equivalent here, as often elsewhere, to the Latin num. — avru. The more 
common form of expression would be avrbv, giving Tvoieu a double accusa- 
tive. Later writers, however, sometimes allow themselves, in a case like 
the present, the dative of the person, as marking the more distant object. 

6-10. ravr' aKovoavra. Supply Xh/trai ("it is said") at the beginning 
of this sentence. — undeva Katpbv, &c, "for no occasion to befall the Athe- 
nians," i. e., no crisis to come upon them. 

12-16. etD.ovv, "were accustomed to pay " — Kal AaKsdatfioviuv ijyov- 
fievuv, "even while the Lacedaemonians had the lead," i. e., stood at the 
head of the Grecian confederacy, or, in other words, held the Hegemony. — 

C c 2 305 



NOTES ON PAGES 122 AND 123. 

Page 

122 rax^vvac de (3ov2.6fj,evoi, &c, " wishing, however, their proportion 
to be fixed for each, city by city.'''' More literally, " to be assigned 
unto each." — x&pav re nal rrpocodovc, &c., "having inspected both situa- 
tion and revenues, to determine the quota, to be paid by each community, ac- 
cording to its rank and resources." More literally, " to determine for each 
what was according to rank and ability." 

18-25. rporcov riva, " after a manner," i. e., in some respect. — erf av- 
Tfy) /novo), "in his hands alone," i. e., under his sole direction. — irevnc fiev 
ei;7}X-&Ev, &c, " went forth a poor man, but returned still poorer," i. e., went 
forth from Athens, to enter upon these his public duties. — rrjv kiriypa^v 
tuv XPW^- TUV ^otrjcduEvog, " having made the (requisite) valuation of 
property." — rov km Kpovov j3cov, "the mode of life led in the days of 
Saturn," i. e., in the golden age. — rov sir' 'Apiareidov (j>6pcv, " the tax paid 
in the time of Aristides," i. e., by virtue of his arrangements. — eviroT/xiav 
riva Tfjg 'ElXddog, &c, " colling it a kind of good fortune on the part of 
Greece ; and, especially, since after no long time it was doubled, and then 
again trebled," i. e., by another power at the head of the confederacy, 
namely, Athens. With dLTrTiaotao-d-evroc supply (popov. 

27-30. 'kpioTeidne slg to apxsiv, &c, "Aristides having placed his 
country on a firm basis, for the ruling over so many communities, remained 
himself in his (original) poverty." It was principally through the influence of 
Aristides that Athens obtained the Hegemony, or head of the confederacy. — 
tt]V and rov ■nevrje eivai So^av, " the glory arising from his being a poor 
man." — rfjg and rdv rpoTraicov, " than that resulting from his trophies," 
i. e., the victories he had won. — drjXov 6' eKeld-ev, "now this is manifest 
from the folloioing circumstance" 

31-35. 6 dadovxoe, "the torch-bearer." One of the highest sacerdotal 
dignitaries at the mysteries of Eleusis. — eirei itepl uv kypdipavro, &c, 
" when they had accused him. with no great force, respecting the things about 
which they had brought their charge, went on to mention to the judges a cir- 
cumstance unconnected with the indictment, of the following nature." The 
expression Trepl (bv kypdipavro is for nepl tuv a kypdipavro. — tovto) nug 
oho"&e, &c, "how do you suppose his affairs stand for this man at home, 
when you see him," &c, i. e., how do you think he must live in private, 
when you see the poverty-stricken garb in which he appears in public. 
The full expression for rd Kar^ olkov lx uv * s r " rrpdypara /car' oikov 
lX^ v kavrd. 

"] O Q LrNE 1-5. tov piyovvra <pavepfig, &a, " that he, who shivers from 
cold in public, suffers also from hunger at home." The expression 
rdv piyovvra (paveptic refers to the circumstance of Aristides' poverty- 
stricken appearance, and is equivalent, in fact, to tov ovtg) QavXov Tpi6uv- 
lov afj,irex6(j,evov, " that he who wears so wretched an old cloak." — tovtov, 
dveipcbv avru) ovra, irepLopa kvdeouevov, " allows this man, who is his own 
cousin, to feel the pressure of want." Literally, "neglects (or overlooks) 
this man being in want." — iroTJid nexpnuevoe t& dvdpl, &c, "al- 
though he has, in many things, availed himself of the services of the man, 
and has often derived advantage from his influence with you." 

7-13. km tovto) udTiLora, " at this most of all." — nal x^zk&c irpbg 
avrov sxovrae, "and incensed at him." For a literal translation supply 
kavrovg after exovrae. — otl izoXX,diuc avrov irolXd nai dtdovrog, &c, " that 
although he (Callias) on many occasions, both offers to give and requests 
(Aristides) to receive many things^ the latter was unwilling (to take), making 
306 



NOTES ON PAGES 123 AND 124. 

Page 

answer, that it becomes him more to be proud of his poverty, than 123 
Callias of his wealth." — tu YLahXia, " in favour of Callias." 

16-20. ovtu Trapdyopoc, " so powerfully borne away." — nal epacTqc, 
11 and so enamoured.'" Supply ovtu from the previous clause. — tovc (3ap- 
6dpovc, referring to the Persians. — avvvovc opuo-ftat, &c. We have here 
the nominative with the infinitive, on account of the nominative vsoc pre- 
ceding with wore. The whole clause, therefore, may be rendered as follows : 
" that, while still quite young, he was seen to be of thought- 
ful mood, keeping for the most part by himself, and took no rest of 
nights," &c. 

26-33. Qe/ii<?T0K?i7ic 6s apxqv, &c, " Themistocles, however, (regarded 
it) as a beginning merely of greater conflicts." — tavrbv rjTieLtyev, " he kept 
preparing himself." Literally, "he kept anointing himself." A metaphor 
borrowed from gymnastic exercises, the athletes always anointing their 
bodies before engaging in the contest. — kcu repdrov jilv ttjv AavpLorLnrjv, 
&c, " and, in the first place, the Athenians having a custom of distributing 
among themselves the Laurian revenues from their silver mines (in that 
quarter)," i. e., the revenues of their silver mines at Laurium. The mines of 
Laurium were in the neighbourhood of the promontory of Sunium. — ttjv 
diavourjv edaavrag, &c, " to give over this distribution (among themselves) 
and construct," &c. Observe the force of the aorists, implying that this 
ought to be done without delay. 

Line 1-7. rjKua^e yap ovtoc, &c., " for this war was prose- 1 24 
cuted (at that time) with the greatest vigour (of any) in Greece." 
— 7 Hi, "on which account." Supply atria. When not beginning a sen- 
tence, T Hi becomes ??. — ov Aapelov, &c, " not holding up before them 
(for the purpose of inspiring terror) Darius or the Persians, for these were 
far away, and afforded no very sure grounds of alarm, as (only) intending to 
come," i. e., and did not as yet excite much real alarm, while they only in- 
tended to come, but were not actually present. The literal meaning of 
eircaeio) is to brandish some terror-inspiring object before one, as a Gorgon's 
head, a lash, &c. — a7roxpnadfj.evoc evKacpuc, " having dexterously availed 
himself." — ettc ttjv TzapaaKEvrjv, "for the purposes of the intended equip- 
ment." 

10-15. ttjv koKiv, eauivalent here to tovc iroXiTac. — ra ne^d fiev, "in 
their land forces." — d^toudxovc, " a match," as if noliTag, not ttoAlv, pre- 
ceded, the reference being more to the idea implied in noltv than to the 
grammatical form of the word. — ry de arch tcov ve&v akny, " but, with the 
strength resulting from their ships." — dvrl uoviuuv 07r2.tTCJv, " in place of 
firm land forces," i. e., soldiers fully armed and firmly enduring the onset 
of the foe. Plato complains of the change, and contrasts the firm character 
of land forces with the unstable movements of naval troops, who, leaving 
their vessels, make some rapid inroad, but, as soon as the foe appear, retreat 
to their ships. (Plat. Leg., 4, p. 706, b. — Ast., ad loc.) — vav6drac ml 
■d-ahaTTtovc eTcoinae, "made them mariners and a seafaring people." — uc 
apa QeuLOTOnXfig to Sopv, " namely, that Themistocles, having taken away 
from his fellow-citizens the spear and the shield, had degraded the people 
of the Athenians to the rowing bench and the oar." The sword and shield 
were the badges of freemen, and opposed to the implements of rowers, who 
were slaves. Hence the figurative allusion to the comparatively degrading 
character, as was thought, of naval services. — GvvecTeiXe, equivalent to 
tTaizeivuae. 

307 



NOTES ON PAGES 124 AND 125. 

Page x , 

J_24 19-25. rrjv atcpiGuav nal to naSapbv, &c, "the strictness and 
purity of popular government" which allows no degrading task to 
be exacted from a citizen. — egtu (ptloooforepov etuokotxelv, "let it be for 
some one of a more philosophic spirit (than myself) to consider." We 
have altered the old reading (piloaocpuTepov. The present lection is more 
animated. — on 6' j] tote ouTrjpia, &c, " but that their preservation, in that 
crisis, resulted to the Greeks from the sea, and that those same galleys re- 
established the city of the Athenians, after it had been laid low, both the 
other events of the war, and (the movements of) Xerxes himself clearly 
testified." For iroXtv Iv&tioav eoTnaav, Stephens cites, as a MS. reading, 
ttoXiv avdic avEGTrjo-av. A very good lection : probably the true one. — 
T7jc yap 7ve^ik7jc dvvufiEwg, &c, "for although his land force remained,'''' 
&c. — nal Mapdoviov ejuttoSuv elvcu, &c, " and he left Mardonius behind, 
as appears to me, to be a hinderance to the Greeks in their pursuit (of him, 
Xerxes), rather than with the view of actually enslaving them." 

29-33. ETTExeipei tovc itoMTac E/u,6t6d^ecv, &c, " kept striving to prevail 
upon his fellow- citizens to embark," &c. More literally, "kept endeavour- 
ing to make his fellow-citizens go on board of," &c. Observe the con- 
tinued action denoted by the imperfect hrexslpet. — nal ttjv nokiv ettecgev, 
&c, " and (at last) persuaded them to abandon their city, and meet the bar- 
barian by sea, as far as possible from Greece." — irpoGExovrov 6e t£)v 
'Adnvaiuv avTtp, " the Athenians thereupon attending unto him," i. e., 
listening to, and acquiescing in, his proposal. Supply tov vovv after Trpocr- 
eXovtuv. — 'kpTEuioiov, a promontory on the northern coast of Euboea, 
between the Sinus Maliacus and Sinus Pelasgicus. — rd gtevcl (pvldtjov, 
" to guard the straits in that quarter." — tuv [iev 'EXTiqvov, &c, " the other 
Greeks bidding Eurybiades and the Lacedcemonians take the lead." With 
'E?J^vuv supply dllcjv. 

125 l jINE 2-11. dfxov tl, "nearly." Equivalent to ox^bv. — ovk 
atjiovvTov, "not thinking it right," i. e., worthy of themselves as 
a people. — napf/ne, "yielded up." — nal KarcKpavvE tovc 'A.-&rjvaiovc, &c, 
" and strove to soften down the Athenians, by promising them, that, if they 
prove brave men as regards the (approaching) war, he will make the (rest 
of the) Greeks, for the time to come, willingly obedient unto them," i. e., he 
will ensure them, for the time to come, the supremacy of Greece. — rye 
coTTjpiac atTLUTaTOC Ty 'ETJiudi, " the chief cause of its safety unto Greece." 
— evyvofj-oavvn, "in noble-mindedness," i. e., in a noble surrender of their 
rights for the good of their country. — TTEpiyEvo/xivovc, " having proved su- 
perior to." 

12-19. al de yEvo^Evat tote, &c, " the battles, it is true, that took place, 
on that occasion, against the vessels of the barbarians, in the neighbourhood 
of the straits, afforded no sure means of judging with regard to the general 
result ; still, however, by the experience (gained in them), they very greatly 
benefited the Greeks, (now) taught by their own exertions, in the very midst 
of danger itself, that neither numbers of ships nor ornamental and splendid 
appendages to the prow," &c. Literally, " ornaments and splendours of 
prow-appendages." The hiriorifia were not ensigns or streamers, as some 
erroneously suppose, but figures and other ornaments either attached to, or 
painted on, the sides of the vessels towards the prow. — kn' avrd to, aujuara 
(pEpeo&ai, &c, " to rush against the very bodies of the foe, and, having 
grappled with, to contend strenuously against, them." Observe the middle 
voice in fEpsc&ai, literally, " to bear themselves." 

21-24. o 6y Kal liivdapoc, &c., " Pindar, also, having perceived this, 
308 



NOTES ON PAGES 125 AND 126. 

Pa-e 

appears to have expressed himself not badly, in relation to the bat- 125 
tie at Artemisium, ' where" 1 (to quote his own words) ' the sons of 
the Athenians laid the bright foundation of their freedom?" The relative 
o, beginning the clause, is equivalent here to tovto. — ov icaKtic, stronger 
than the simple ev would have been. — bd-t. Poetic form for ov. — TzaZdee 
, A.~b x nvaiuv, equivalent to 'k-d-rjvaLoi, but intending to indicate here, that the 
sons who fought the battle proved themselves worthy of the fame of their 
fathers. — kddlovro. Observe the force of the middle, expressed in our ver- 
sion by the pronoun "their." Literally, "laid for themselves.' 1 — (pasvvav. 
Doric for ipaevvrjv. — to tiappeZv, "confidence," i. e., intrepid courage. 

27-36. Kacnep t£>v 'Atinvatuv, &c, " although the Athenians entreated 
them to march into Beeotia, and meet the foe there in front of Attica." Ob- 
serve the peculiar construction elc ttjv Bocuriav cnvavTr/aaL, where two 
verbs are required in translating. — hXka rfjc UeloirowTJcrov Trepcexoftsvuv, 
&c., •' but (all) having their thoughts engrossed with the Peloponnesus, and 
being desirous of collecting," &c. Literally, "but having themselves (i. e., 
their thoughts) round about the Peloponnesus." — nal Stareix^ovTuv, "and 
being engaged in drawing a wall across." — ufia fiev bpyrj tt}c izpodoaiac, 
&c, " both anger at this abandonment took possession of the Athenians, 
and also dejection and despondency at having been left alone (by all)." 
Literally, " and at the same time dejection and despondency (seized them), 
having been left alone." — /idxead-ai ov dievoovvro, " they had no idea of 
fighting." — arparov, referring to the Persian force. — ttjv tzoTiLv atievrac, 
&c, " namely, to abandon their city and keep to their ships." 

Line 2-8. wc fir/re vinnc deopievoc, &c, " as neither wanting 19(3 
a (dearly-bought) victory on the one hand, nor, on the other, re- 
garding that as preservation which compelled men to abandon both the tem- 
ples of the gods and the tombs of their fathers." Supply av6pCbv with 
Tzpoiejievuv. In a literal translation dvSpuv is governed by curnpiav, " nor, 
on the other hand, understanding (as such) a preservation of men, having 
abandoned (at the time) both the temples," &c. — ev&a 6rj Qe[ugtok'X7}c, 
&c, " thereupon, then, Themistocles, completely at a loss how to bring the 
multitude over to his views by human means." The term ?i,oytcfiotc is here 
equivalent to the Latin rationibus. — cnp.da dai/novca nal xpVGfJ-ovQ, &c, 
" brought to bear upon them prodigies and oracles." Literally, " signs from 
on high." The verb eTcrjyev is figuratively applied here from the manage- 
ment of military engines. — teal Kparijaac ry yvufiy, " and having gained 
the day with his opinion," i. e., his opinion having been at length embraced 
by the people. — ipij^iafia ypd<j>ei, rrjv p.ev tvoXiv, &c., " he proposes a de- 
cree, that they intrust their city into the hands of Minerva, the tutelary 
goddess of the Athenians." /Ltedeovan is here equivalent, in fact, to dpxovo-n. 
Coray suggests 'A$7)viov for 'K-&r]vaiuv. — rove d* ev ifkiKia iravrac, " and 
that all who were of age," i. e., able to bear arms. 

11-14. vrce^e-&evTo yoveac ical yvvaZnac elc Tpoi&va, "conveyed their 
parents and wives to Trcezene as a place of security." Observe the idea 
of shelter as implied in vtto in composition, and also the force of the middle. 
— nal T7jc oTrupae 'kaubdvetv, &c. The order of construction is as follows : 
Kal e^tZvai tovc izaZdac Xa/j.6dvetv T?jg bixupac iravraxd'&ev. 

17-24. role p.ev oIktov, &c. The order is, to ^eafia irapeixe role fiev 
oIktov, tolc 6e tiavfia rrjc toI/livc. — Trpoirefj-TcovTov. Supply tcjv tto?utC)V. 
— avT&v 6' dudpnTTuv, &c, "and they themselves, unmoved by the lamen- 
tations and tears of their wives, and the embraces of their children, crossing 
over to the island (of Salamis)." — t&v ttoXltuv eXeov elxov, " excited the 

309 



NOTES ON PAGES 126 AND 127. 

Page 

126 compassion of their fellow-citizens ." — r/v 6e tic kclI dnb t(ov rjpipuv, 
&c, " there was also a touching kind of affection displayed on the 
part of the tame and domesticated animals." The same as, rjv 6e yXvKv- 
■&vp.ia dnb tuv rjpepcov EniKXCboa tov -&vpov. — nodov, " every dem- 
onstration of regret.'''' — ovpnapatieovTuv, " running along by the side of." 
— e/j.6aivovat, " while preparing to embark." 

26-29. ttjv an' avrov povocuv, " the being abandoned by him." — kpneaeiv 
elc ttjv 2a?iafj.lva, &c, " to have fallen, on reaching the shore of Salamis, 
and having fainted (through exhaustion), to have instantly died." — ov nal 
to deiKvvftevov, &c. The order is, oi> rdtyov Myovacv elvac to dsinvvpevov 
axpt vvv tcai KaXov/xevov Kvvbc aijpa. 

31-36. ravra 8t) psydXa tov QeptaTonlEOvc, " now the following are- 
distinguished actions on the part of Themistocles." The particle 6rj here, 
like jam in Latin, is employed in continuation of a discourse, and serves at 
the same time to excite attention. — palanov de nepl, &c, " but being timid 
as regarded the approaching danger." — alpeiv, " to weigh anchor." Supply 
Tac dynvpaq. — to nsfiv. Supply arpdrEvpa. — ote nal ra pvnp.ovev6p.eva, 
&c, "on which occasion they say that those memorable words were uttered 
by him." 

2.27 Line 2-5. tovc npoet-avioTapevove ^ani^ovai, " they chastise 
those who rise up (to start) before the time." The officers termed 
agonothctce had the right of inflicting corporeal punishment for any "violation 
of the rules of the games. — ttjv ftanrnpiav. Compare note on page 41, line 
20-25. — ndra^ov p.ev ukovoov de. Compare note on page 41, line 20-25. 

7-17. dvfjyev avrbv km tov loyov, " gradually brought him over to his 
way of thinking." Observe the force of the imperfect in denoting con- 
tinued and gradual action. — d)c avijp ano?uc ovk 6p-&£)c diduonet, &c, " that 
a man without a city does not rightly teach those who have one, to leave it, 
and. abandon their native country," i. e., has no right to advise others to 
leave their cities, &c. With tovc ex 0VTac supply noltv. Themistocles 
is called anolic, because Athens had been deserted by its inhabitants, and 
was now in possession of the foe. — hnLCTpEipac tov 2.6yov, " having directed 
his remarks unto him." — KaTalehoinapev, perf. mid. of nara^einG). The 
perfect shows the action to be past, but the effects to be still continuing. — 
dipvx o)V evena, "for the sake of mere inanimate objects." — no'Atg 6' r/plv 
hart pieyioTn, &c, " and yet we still have a city, the greatest of the Grecian 
ones, these two hundred galleys, namely, which now stand as auxiliaries by 
your side, if you are willing to be saved by means of them." — el 6' dntre 
devrepov, &c, " if, however, ye shall depart, having a second time aban- 
doned us." Observe the Attic usage in dniTE, where the present has the 
force of the future. The allusion in devrepov npodovrec is to the passage 
that begins on page 125, line 29, pndevbc 6' vnanovovroc, &c. — tic r EA- 
Tirjvuv, " some one of the Greeks." More expressive than oi "EX^nvec. — 
KEKTvpevovc, " are in possession of." — t)c dnitaXov, by attraction for ttjc 
tjv dnibalov. Themistocles threatens, that the Athenians will retire with 
their fleet, and found a new and more powerful state in some other quarter 
of Greece. 

18-19. evvoia Kal dsoc tuv 'A.&nvai,uv, "a suspicion and fear of the 
Athenians." Equivalent to evvoia Kal dsoc p.rj o't 'Ativvaloi. — pi) <7</>ac 
anoXmbvTEc, &c, " lest they leave them on a sudden and depart." a<pac 
refers to the other allies. 

20-24. tov pev QepiCTOKTiea, &c, " that Themistocles was discoursing 
310 



NOTES ON PAGES 127 AND 128. 

Page 

concerning these things, from the deck, in the upper part of the 127 
ship, and that, at the same moment, an owl was seen winging its 
way on the right of the ships, and alighting on the top of the mast" — airo 
rov KaTaoTpufxaToc, &c, freely, " on the upper deck of the ship.'''' — b6-&ijvac. 
Observe the instantaneous action denoted by the aorist. — y/.avKa. The 
owl was sacred to Minerva, the tutelary goddess of the Athenians. Hence 
the peculiar significance of the omen. — -a de^id. Supply \iepn. — oV b drj 
Kal ud/Aara, &c, " on which account, then, they even most of all acceded to 
his opinion." Literally, "added themselves," &c. 

25-34. T?j 'Attlk7j Kararb $a?i7ipinbv, &c, "bearing down upon Attica 
in the direction of the Phalerian promontory." — a&povc uxp&n, "was seen 
in full force." — ru>v dvvdfzeov ouov yevofievuv, "his armaments having 
become united," i. e., a communication having been established between his 
land and naval forces. — k^ep'pivaav o't rov QeuioroK/Jovc ?.6yot, &c, " the 
arguments of Themistocles quickly flowed away from (the minds of) the 
Greeks, and the Peloponnesians began once more to look with an anxious 
eye towards the isthmus, indignant that any one should recommend a different 
course." — el tic a?J,o, &c. The particle el is here equivalent to on, as is 
frequently the case. — edoKei 6e, "it was resolved, therefore." Literally, 
" it appeared good, therefore, (to the Peloponnesians)." — 7r?,ovc, " a sailing 
away," i. e., an abandonment of their present station. — el ttjv arcb rov 
to-uov, &c, " that the Greeks, having abandoned the advantage resulting 
from their present situation and from the straits, shall be broken up by 
cities, devised and arranged the famous stratagem that was executed by 
Sicinnus." — ruv arevtiv. The straits between Salamis and the mainland, 
where the battle was afterward fought. — 6ia?.v&rjaovTat Kara rro?,etg. 
Meaning, that, in case they retire to the isthmus, they will inevitably, on the 
approach of the foe, sail away to the defence of their respective cities. — 
tt]v rrepl rov liLKLvvov n pay \iar eiav . More literally, " the (well-known) 
stratagem relative to Sicinnus." Observe the force of the article, as indi- 
cating a well-known circumstance. 

Line 2-11. bv. Equivalent here to tovtov. — rov Uepanv. 128 
Xerxes. — alpov/nevoc. ra (3aac?iio)c, "preferring the cause of the 
king." Literally, "choosing for himself," &c. — z^ayyiWei rrpurog avrti, 
&c, "is the first to announce to him that the Greeks are preparing to 
flee." Literally, " is the first to announce the Greeks unto him as intending 
to flee." — uij irapelvat (pvyetv avrolc, "not to permit them to escape." — kv 
gj, "while." Supply xpovu. — Kal reXog ev&vc; etjedepE, "and immediately 
issued an order." — dianooiaic d' avax^evraq, &c, " but to weigh anchor 
at once with two hundred, and encompass all the strait round about, and to 
encircle the ships of the foe as with a girdle, in order that no one of their 
enemies may escape out of their hands." dvax&evrac is the passive in a 
middle sense. — -bv izopov. The strait between Salamis and the mainland 
of Attica. — dia^uoai, from dia&vvvui. 

16-20. Qavodnuoc.. The author of a history of Attica, now lost. — 77, 
"where." Supply ^wpa. — duipyerat rrjc 'Attik?~]C, "is separated from 
Attica." — 'AKearodtopoc. An unknown writer. Supply fynoiv. — Kepdruv, 
" the Horns." These were two mountains opposite Salamis, on the bor- 
ders of Megara and Attica. — xP VG ~°vv dcQpov -d-e/j-evog, " having caused a 
golden seat to be placed there for himself." Observe the force of the mid- 
dle. — Trapaarnaduevog, " having stationed by his side." The force of the 
middle is again apparent. 

23-26. kv rpayudia Hepaaic, " in his tragedy of ' the Persians. 1 " Lit- 

311 



NOTES ON PAGES 128 AND 129. 

Page 

128 erally, "in his tragedy, 'the Persians.'" — Espfy tie, Kal ydp 
oUa, &c, "unto Xerxes, on the other hand, and (my statement 
may be relied upon), for I know the fact, the number of ships was a 
thousand, while those distinguished for speed were two hundred and seven. 
This is the true computation." Literally, " thus the computation has itself." 
Supply tavrbv after tyu- With this computation Herodotus (7, 89) 
agrees, who makes the whole Persian fleet consist of one thousand two 
hundred and seven galleys. (Compare Diodorus Siculus, 11, 3.) — nal yap 
olda. Observe the elliptical use of Kal yap in this clause, like the Latin 
etenim. — at 6' vTrepKOfiiroi rdxei. Equivalent, in fact, to at TaxvTTjrt e^oxoi 
ovaat. — These three lines are Iambic trimeters, and are scanned as follows : 

Etpfjy | 6e Kal || yap old | a x't II ^"f I H% v W v II 
veuv I to Trlfjd- || of al \ 6' vnep \\ ko/xttoZ I ra^t* || 
EKarov | die fj || aav, ettt \ a #'• a>6' \\ Zx £i \ hoyog- || 

27-34. to n?irr&og, " in number.'''' According to Herodotus (8, 82), the 
combined Grecian fleet consisted of three hundred and eighty ships. The 
Athenians, however, had (c. 61) two hundred vessels manned with their 
own citizens. According to iEschylus {Pers., 344), the whole Grecian fleet 
contained three hundred and ten ships. — anb tov KaTaaTpufxaTog, "from 
the deck.'''' Our term "deck" hardly conveys the meaning of aaTdoTptdjia. 
It was, in fact, an elevated platform from which the missiles of the soldiers 
could be directed with more effect against the foe. — Sokei 6' ovx i/ttov 
ev tov naipbv, &c, " now Themistoclcs appears to have observed and 
watched the time, no less carefully than the place, of battle, and not to 
have stationed his galleys prow to prow with those of the barbarians, before 
the accustomed hour had come, which always brought in a fresh wind from 
the sea and a swell through the straits.''' — nvevfia Xa/nrpbv. Modern 
travellers still speak of this wind as blowing at a regular period of each day. 
They describe the appearance of the sky, in the quarter whence the wind 
proceeds, as bright and glowing like a furnace. This may serve to illustrate 
the epithet "kafnrpbv. 

35. o. Equivalent here to tovto. — oKlteveic ovaac Kal TairEivoTE- 
pag, " as they were shallow and lower in the water than those of their oppo- 
nents.'''' With TaTtELvoTspae supply tuv 7ro?iEfj.lo)v. — rue <5e fiapbapiKag, &c, 
" while, on the other hand, coming full against them, it caused the barba- 
rian vessels to veer around, both projecting upward (as they did) with their 
sterns, and being high-roofed with their decks, and bearing down heavily, 
and gave their sides to the Greeks advancing fiercely against them, and at- 
tending (implicitly) to Themistoclcs, as to one who saw best what was ad- 
vantageous for them.'" — Kal irapEdidov irTiayiag. Supply avrdg. The 
wind and waves caused the Persian ships to veer round, and presented their 
sides to the attacks of the Grecian prows. — TzpoatxovaLv. Supply tov vovv. 

TOO Line 7-10. to Qpiaciov KaTkx^v tte6lov, "filled the Thriasian 
plain.''' Literally, "took possession of." The Thriasian plain 
was situate to the northwest of Athens, near Eleusis, and was remarkable 
for its fertility. The procession of the initiated crossed this field, when at 
the celebration of the mysteries they bore the image of Iacchus from Athens 
to Eleusis. — 6g avd-puirov 6/i.ov tzoWuv, &c, " as if many persons to- 
gether were leading forth (in procession) the mystic Iacchus." This sacred 
procession, as has just been remarked, formed part of the Eleusinian celebra- 
tion. It took place on the sixth day, and the statue of Iacchus was con- 
veyed from the Ceramicus at Athens to the temple of Ceres at Eleusis, 
312 



NOTES ON PAGES 129 AND 130, 

Page 

with sacred hymns and cries of joy. The noises heard on the 129 
present occasion resembled these cries. — "laxxov. Iacchus was 
the name given to the god Dionysus, or Bacchus, in the Attic mysteries. 
— ek 6e tov n?j-&ove tuv (p&syyofj.£VG)v, &c, "and that, out of the 
throng- of those who were uttering these, a cloud appeared, arising (at first) 
by degrees from the ground, to bend downward again and descend upon the 
galleys." — tuv Q&eyyopivuv, referring to the r}x ov an d tyuvrjv mentioned 
just before. — vttovogteZv. More literally, " to return." 

13-18. na&opdv edotjav, "thought they saw." — drc' klyivnc, &c, " com- 
ing from JEgina, and stretching out their hands in front of the Grecian 
galleys." — Aiaicidac, "the JEacida" i. e., Peleus and Telamon, sons of 
^Eacus, and worshipped at ^Egina. A vessel had been sent to JEgina by 
the Athenians, to implore the assistance of ^Eacus and his descendants. 
{Herod., 8, 64.) — role (3ap6dpoic e£igov/u,evoi, &c., "being made equal in 
number to the barbarians (by their position) in the strait" i. e., within the 
contracted limits of the strait, where only a small number of vessels could 
be confronted against each other, the Grecian fleet became in a manner 
equal to the Persians. — Kara /u.ipoc npoa^epofjiEvovg, &c, "routed them, 
advancing (to the attack) in separate portions, and falling foul of one another, 
after having resisted until evening." The Persians fought the Greeks till 
evening, bearing down in succession with parts of their fleet, as far as the 
narrow straits would permit, and in so doing frequently ran foul of each 
other. When evening came, however, the Greeks put them to the rout. 

22-25. apafievoL, " having gained." — tjc oir&' "EX?^vgiv, "than which no 
naval exploit of a more brilliant character has ever been performed by either 
Greeks or barbarians." — yvuy.n nal dEivornrt, " by the sagacity and talent." 

26-36. cipicTEvcai, " bore off the palm of valour," i. e., the ^Eginetae 
signalized themselves most, as a community, in the fight. — to irpuretov, 
"the highest rank for individual bravery." — utto tov fiu/nov ttjv tprj^ov 
ZtyEpov, " bore away the billets from the altar of Neptune there." Each 
commander took two billets from the altar, and was to mark on them the 
names of the individuals who, in their opinion, deserved the first and second 
prizes of valour. The solemnity of taking the billets from the altar was 
intended to make them give their decision with impartiality, as if in the 
presence of the god. — iavrbv uTzicbaLVEv, "declared himself." More liter- 
ally, " showed," or " indicated himself," i. e., by what he wrote on the 
billet. — -&a7Ji.ov aritpavov, " namely, a crown of olive." — to TrpuTEvov, " the 
best." Literally, " the one that ranked first." — 'Q2.v[imav tuv e^e^c ayo/n- 
ivuv, " that, when the next Olympic games were being celebrated." The 
battle of Salamis took place in the first year of the seventy-fifth Olympiad. 
The circumstance here alluded to, therefore, took place in the seventy-sixth 
Olympiad, after an interval of about three years. 

Line 3-5. ekelvov ■&Eac"&ai, &c, " kept gazing upon him, and 130 
pointing him out to the strangers (who were present)." — tuv nap- 
nbv d-nixEtv tuv vKEp, &c, " that he then reaped the fruit of the labours 
that had been under gone by him for Greece." The dative avru> is here 
used for vtt' avrov. 

7-9. ovte "Keltt6(xevoc, "being neither surpassed." Literally, "left 
behind." — gvvegel, "in intellect." — icai Talc noliEfxiKaic, &c, "and while 
not even in a slight degree inferior to them in warlike virtues, it is sur- 
prising how much he went beyond them in political abilities, though still 

Dd 313 



NOTES ON PAGES 130 AND 131. 

Page 

130 young and inexperienced in military affairs." — a,fi^x avov o<Sov 7 
analogous to the Latin immane quantum. 

12-18. Mrjd(ov. Put for Hepo&v, as is often the case.— ETtef&e, "was 
striving to persuade." — irpoep,evov tt)v rco'kiv, &c, " that they, having left 
their city and abandoned their country, station themselves in battle array, 
in their ships, before Salamis, and contend manfully by sea." — ra bix'ka 
■&eo~&ai. As regards the various meanings of this phrase, consult Schneider, 
Ind. Xen. Anab., p. 537. — kttTreTrhn-yfiivuv ruv nolX&v, &c , "most per- 
sons having been struck with surprise at the daring proposal." rcbv ttoX- 
Xtiv is equivalent here to the Latin plerisque. — ufitin 6ia rod ~K.epap.eiK.ov, 
&c. The order is, u<t>$-n dvicbv (pacdpbg 6i,a tov Kepafieinov etc ttjv an- 
po7to?iiv. — tov Kepapeinov. The Ceramlcus was a large district or ward 
in the western part of Athens, through which the route lay to the Acropolis. 
— ittttov TLva x a ^ iV ov. It was customary to consecrate to some deity any 
implement, &c, of which one intended no longer to make any use. — ttj 
■&e&, " to the goddess there," i. e., Minerva. — dta xeiptiv, equivalent here to 
h %tpai. — uc ovdev 'nnriKf/c, &c, " as if implying that the state stood in 
no need of equestrian strength, at the present crisis, but of men to fight her 
battles by sea" i. e., stood in no need of cavalry. With irapovri supply 
Kacpu, and as regards uc. with the participle, consult the noteonpage 120, 
line 18. 

20-22. teal ?ia6u)v e/c tuv nepl, &c, " and having taken one of the shields 
hanging around the temple," i. e., hanging around on the inner walls. 
Shields taken from the foe were accustomed to be thus suspended as tro- 
phies. — ovk bXtyotg apxr/, &c, " having proved (by this) a source of con- 
fidence to not a few." 

23-27. ttjv ideav ov jxefiTcrbc, " not ill-looking in his general appearance." 
Literally, " not blameable in his appearance." — txoTCXt) kcu ovln rpcxl, &c, 
" having a thick and curling head, of hair." Literally, " being hairy as to 
his head, with much and curling hair." — (pavdc, " having shown himself." — 
b%ia tov M.apa-&C)voc, &., "from henceforih to meditate and perform things 
worthy of Marathon," i. e., in all his designs and actions, for the time to 
come, to be emulous of the glory acquired by his father in the plain of 
Marathon. Or, in other words, to have the glory of the father reflected in 
the son. 

28-34. bppyoavra em ttjv rzoXiTuav, " having entered with ardent zeal 
en political affairs." — teal fieoToc tiv, &c, " and being (by this time) sated 
with," &c, i. e., tired of. — avfjye, "gradually elevated Cimon." Observe 
the force of the imperfect. — ovx rjKioTa 6' avrbv, &c, " especially, however, 
did Aristides, the^son of Lysimachus, contribute to his advancement, per- 
ceiving the native excellence of his character." — ttjv evtyvtav hvopdv t£> 
7]-&el. The same as opdv ttjv evtyvtav ttjv ev tco y&ei. — rroiovuevoc olov 
avTiiraTiOv, " seeking to make him a match as it were." Observe the force 
of the middle here, as indicating that the real motive of Aristides was not 
so much a regard for Cimon, as a feeling of secret hostility towards The- 
mistocles. — avTinaXov. A metaphor borrowed from gymnastic encounters. 

1Q] Line 1-9. Mrjdov. Put for Tlspafiv, as before. — ovtto ttjv 
apxvv, &c, " the Athenians not as yet enjoying the hegemony" 
i. e., the chief command or lead of the confederates. — £7rop,evuv, "follow- 
ing the orders of." — an napelxe rove ixoXirag, &c, "he ahoays exhibited 
his fellow-citizens as both admirable for discipline, and far surpassing all 
in zeal (for the common cause)." — dcaXeyopevov, "conferring." — nepl 
314 



NOTES ON PAGES 131 AND 132. 

P»go 

irpodoolac, "respecting a betrayal (of his country)." — ftaailei. 1 31 
Xerxes. (Compare Thucydides, 1, 128, seq.) — irpoa^Epo/itEvov, 
" bearing himself." — Tto'kla vSpi&vroc, " indulging in many acts of inso- 
lent tyranny." 

10-14. viro'kau&dvuv npaue, &c, " Cimon, receiving mildly those who 
were aggrieved, and conversing icith them kindly, insensibly took away the 
hegemony of Greece (from the Spartans), not by force of arms, but by his 
language and manner.' 1 '' — e2.a-&ev irapehofiEvog. Literally, " escaped ob- 
servation in having taken away." — ttjv '~E? J 2,ddoc yye/xoviav. The com- 
mand of the confederate forces. — irpooEri&Evro, " kept adding themselves" 
L e., kept coming over. — urj tiepovTEr-, " since they could not endure." As 
a mere negation of a fact we might here expect ov. The particle pi, how- 
ever, refers more particularly to what was passing at the time in the minds 
of the allies. 

21-28. o-d-ev, "whence" referring as well to the Thracians as to their 
territory. — dvaardrovc ttoi&v, "dislodging." — napafyvTidrruv, "keeping 
strict watch over." — rove noXcopKOVUEvovg, "the besieged," referring to the 
Persians in Eion. — Bovrvv. Herodotus (7, 107) calls him Boges, and 
states that great honours were conferred upon his surviving children in 
Persia. — dnoyvovra rd rzpdyuara, "having despaired of his affairs."— 
aXko /j-ev ovdsv af-iov \6yov, &c, "was benefited in nothing else worth 
mentioning, the greatest part of the wealth in the place having been con- 
sumed together with the barbarians." The expression ciAAo (jlev ovSev, 
&c, stands opposed to ttjp 6e x^P av i & c - — ™ v nheiorov. Supply %pn- 
fidrov. 

31-36. 7/<ty evTzopcov, "being now possessed of abundant means." — 7% 
crparnyiac, referring to his command against the Persians. — d naHbg and 
tuv ttoXeuiuv, &c, " which he had honourably gained from the enemy." 
The verbs doKu and tpaivouac frequently refer, among the Attic writers, 
not so much to what appears, as to what is actually, the case. (Consult 
Hutch., ad Xen., Cyrop., p. 5. — Dorville, ad Charit., p. 413.) — aaXXiov, 
"still more honourably." — rwv re yap dypuv, &c, " for he both removed the 
fences from his grounds." — Iva VTidpxn, " in order that it may be per- 
mitted." — ?ia/j.6dv£Lv rrjs bnupac, " to take of his harvest." The genitive 
of part. — delTvov ettolelto, " he caused an entertainment to be prepared" 
Observe the force of the middle. 

Line 1-11. t(j>' 0, referring to dsiirvov. — uTrpdyfiova, "unat- 132 
tended by any trouble to themselves." — fiovoic role Snuoaiotg 
cxohd&v. Cimon's plan was, according to this version of the story, that the 
poorer class might be supported without any labour on their own part, and 
thus have full leisure for attending to public affairs. A most unwise and 
short-sighted policy ! — ovx uttuvtuv 'A&nvaiuv, &c, " the entertainment 
was provided, not for that individu-al of all the Athenians, but for that one 
of the members of his own borough, the Laciada, that wished, to partake 
of it" i. e., not for all the Athenians who wished, but only for his own 
dTjUOTai. In construing, supply tgj /3oi»Zo/ievcj with rdv 'A&nvaiov. 
Theophrastus, as quoted by Cicero (Off., 2, 18), gives the same explana- 
tion as Aristotle. — Aamaduv. The members of the borough of Aania or 
Aaniddai, forming part of the tribe CEneis (Olvvig). — el ric avvrCxot, &c, 
" whenever any elderly person among the citizens met Cimon" &c. Ob- 
serve the use of the optative here to denote the frequent recurrence of 
an action. — rd ludrca, referring merely to the outer garment or cloak. — . 

315 



NOTES ON PAGES 132 AND 133. 

Page 

132 KCLi r ° y^ofievov ktyaivero aefivov, "and what was thus done 
wore a most becoming o.ppearance," i. e., was highly applauded by- 
all who witnessed it. — role KOfupolc tuv ttev^tuv, " the more respectable 
ones of the poor." Who would have been averse, namely, to take anything 
openly from a giver. — cuorcy tuv KEpfiarluv, &c, "silently thrust some 
small change into their hands." Observe again the genitive of part. 

13-19. ovyeo-TEbhe, "repressed." Literally, "contracted,"!, e., brought 
into a narrower compass. — Ov yap avrjuev, &c, "for he did not quit him 
on his departure from Greece, but, following as it were on his very foot- 
steps, before the barbarians could take breath and make a stand, he ravaged 
and subdued some parts (of his dominions), and caused others to revolt and 
brought them over to the Greeks, so that he entirely freed Asia, from Ionia 
as far as Pamphylia, from Persian arms." The reference here is to the 
Greek cities along the coast of Asia Minor, from Ionia, one of the north- 
westernmost, to Pamphylia, one of the southern, provinces. 

21-27. "~E(j>opo£. A Greek historian in the time of Philip and Alexander. 
His works are lost. — KaHiod-Evrjc. A philosopher and historian from the 
school of Aristotle. None of his writings have reached us. — Kvpiurarov 
bvra T7jc dvvafiEue, "being commander-in-chief of the whole force." — rcapd 
rov ~Evpv[iedovTa, " at the mouth of the Eurymedon." A river of Pam- 
phylia. — vavc Qoivicaae. The Phoenicians were at this time under the 
Persian sway, and their vessels formed the most efficient part of the Per- 
sian fleets. — (3id&cr&ai, " to force an engagement " 

28-34. ftiac&elev, for fiiaa-d-einaav. — etc rov nora/uov sloup/xtaavTO, "ran 
up the river and moored themselves there." — uc d' "F,<popoc, " but, as Epho- 
rus informs us." Supply icropel. — Ipyov 6e Kara yovv, &c, "nothing, 
however, was done by them, on the sea at least, worthy of their great force." 
— e^etxltxtov ol rtpuroi, " the foremost tumultuously disembarked." — Trapa- 
Terayfievov, " drawn up in battle array." 

1 33 Line 1-15. fiiya fiev epyov, &c, "it appeared to Cimon a diffi,~ 
cult task to force a landing" &c. Literally, "the forcing a 
landing, and the leading the Greeks, &c, appeared to Cimon," &c. — 
KEKfjiVKOTae, "wearied with their previous exertions." Literally, "after 
having laboured." — pufin nal (j>povf/{j,aTi rov Kparelv, " by a consciousness 
of strength and the pride of victory," i. e., by a conviction that what strength 
they had left was amply sufficient for success, considering the proof they 
had already given of their prowess, &c. — etl dtppovc tu Kara rrjv vavfia- 
Xtav dyuvt, "yet warm from their exertions in the naval conflict." — de%- 
a/UEvcjv. Supply tovc "FiTCkrjvac. — avvEorn, " ensued." — role atjtufxaci, 
"in point of rank." More literally, "for their meritorious qualities." — 
Ka-d-nprjuue, " having gained." — nal to fiev kv 1,aXa[uvL, &c, " and, having 
exceeded the victory of Salamis by a land-fight, and that at Plataa by a 
naval conflict, added yet another to his successes." Dacier, not under- 
standing the meaning of Plutarch, considers the present passage corrupt, 
and seeks to improve it by transposing Tve^ofxaxia and vavpaxia. The 
idea, however, intended to be conveyed by Plutarch is simply this : Cimon, 
by his victory on the present occasion, surpassed both the sea-fight at Sala- 
mis and the land-fight at Plataea : the first, because his own naval engage- 
ment was connected with a successful battle by land ; and the second, be- 
cause his battle by land was connected with a victory by sea. — krvnyuvioaro 
ralg viitacc. More literally, " contended in addition to these victories." 

17-20. Kvnpu. The common text has "Tdpu, which has no meaning. 
316 



NOTES ON PAGES 133 AND 134. 

Page 

Lubinus suggests Svdpn, Sydra being a maritime town of Cili- 133 
cia. The true reading, however, is more likely to be Kinrpu, as 
we have given it, since Polyaenus (1, 34) informs us that Cimon, after 
his victory at the river Eurymedon, sailed for the island of Cyprus, having 
manned with Greeks the Persian vessels he had taken, and having made the 
crews assume Persian attire. This, of course, must have been with a view 
to deceive the Phoenicians. — ivpoa6e6?iTjKevac, "had run into.'''' — ovdev 
eidoTuv j3£6atov, &c. The order is, tuv orpaTW-ytiv (tovtov tuv veuv) 
eiSorcjv ovdev (3£6at.ov ovttu rzepi rfjg /aei^ovog dvvdfceug. — uAAa dvcrxioToc. 
%dn, &c, " but being by this time in a state of distrust and anxious expec- 
tation." — j] kcu/j.uaaov eKKAayevreg, " on which account, even, having become 
the more easily intimidated." 

23-27. epyov, "achievement." — dprjvnv. The whole story respecting 
this peace is a mere fable. It appears to have sprung up, or to have acquired 
a distinct shape, in the rhetorical school of Isocrates, and to have been, 
transmitted through the orators to the historians. (Consult ThirlwaWs 
Greece, vol. hi., p. 37, seq.) — 47171-01; (iev dpouov, &c, " to keep always one 
day'' s journey on horseback from the Grecian sea." According to another 
version, it was three days' journey on foot ; while a third account embraced 
the whole peninsula of Asia Minor west of the Halys. — evSov Kvaveuv tcai 
~K£ALdoviov, "within the Cyanean and Chelidonian isles." Supply vtjgov* 
This included all the western coast of Asia Minor, and a part of the nor- 
thern and southern shores. The Cyanean islands were at the junction of 
the Euxine and Thracian Bosporus. The Chelidonian were off the coast 
of Lycia, opposite the Sacrum Promontorium. — /naKpa vnl kcll xo.AK£fi6oA(p, 
" with a long and brazen-prowed ship." By pa/cpa vavc is meant a long 
galley, or regular vessel of war ; by vavc ^aA/ce/zfo/tof, an armed vessel of 
any kind. — irAeetv. The regular Attic form is tcaeIv. But later writers 
sometimes employ the Ionic resolution. (Consult Lobeck, ad Phryn., p. 
221.) 

28-33. Tro?Js.ac dvofioLornTac irpoc avro, "many inconsistencies with 
itself" i. e., many traits inconsistent with one another. — ovtcjv de hv avru, 
" but, although there were in him." — tocc rcaidtKolg airo/ivvfiovevfiaaLV, 
"from the reminiscences of his boyhood," i. e., from the stories told of his 
boyish years. — meCo/Ltevog. One MS. has Tne^ov/uevog, corresponding with 
"ku&vvtoc, which follows immediately after. But, though the use of iru^- 
ilv for Tcii&iv is clear enough, the employment of lue&lw&aL, on the other 
hand, is very uncertain. — avajayuv rzpbg to arSfia, &c, "having brought 
up, in contact with his mouth, the arms of the one who was pressing him 
hard, while clasped around his neck." The expression ra a/ifiara is bor- 
rowed from the exercise of wrestUng, and is applied to the arms of an op- 
ponent thrown or clasped around one's neck, as the wrestling is going on. 

Line 1-12. olog rjv, "was enabled." Literally, "was such 134 
as." Supply, rolog. — hueivov, "the other." — yvvaineg. Oertel 
conjectures nvveg, but the common reading is confirmed by two other pas- 
sages of Plutarch. — etl oe fwtpbg uv, " moreover, while still small." — hv r£ 
OTevuirti. The article is here employed, as referring to a well-known story ; 
unless, perhaps, we ought to read rw, the Attic form for rcvu — (poprtov, 
"loaded with wares." — vireTwrTe rfj Trapddcj rrjg dfid^ng, "was going to 
fall in the path of the wagon." — Sciaxov, " separated," i. e., made way for 
it. Supply kavrovg. — Kara6a?MV. Supply eavrbv. — ovrug, " upon this," 
i. e., he lay in this posture. — avanpovoaL biriau, "flogged back." 

15-22. £ic to (lav&dveiv, " to the receiving of his education." — irArjicTpov 
Dd2 317 



NOTES ON PAGES 134 AND 135. 

Page 

234 ^ v Y®P KaL ^pac, &c, "for he said, that the use of the plectrum 
and the lyre spoiled nothing either of the carriage or the look that 

became a freeman." Supply eXeye. — avlovc 6e ipvauvroc av&p&nov, &c, 
" whereas even his intimate friends could with very great difficulty recognise 
the features of one while playing upon the pipe." Literally, "of a man 
inflating pipes with the mouth." The reference in avlove is, strictly speak- 
ing, as the plural indicates, to the double pipe. The term avloc is com- 
monly translated " flute," but such a version will invariably lead to an er- 
roneous idea of the term. — en de ttjv jiev Xvpav, &c, " that the lyre, more- 
over, speaks and sings with him that uses it," i. e., that the lyre does not 
prevent the performer from speaking, or accompanying it with a song. — 
e7rioTOfiL&iv nal ccTrotypaTTeiv, " muzzles and obstructs (the mouth of the 
performer)." We may supply, here, to tov avlovvrog cropa. 

24-27. ov yap laaai Sialeyead-ai, " for they know not how to converse." 
The Boeotians were always derided by the Athenians as a dull and unintel- 
lectual race. — irarpuog, " an hereditary protector." — epptipe tov avXov. 
Minerva threw away the pipe, on seeing accidentally, by the reflection in 
the waters of a fountain, the distortion of her features occasioned by playing 
upon it. — tov avTirjTTjv, "the one that played upon it." The allusion is to 
the satyr Marsyas, who found the pipe which Minerva had cast away, and, 
having challenged Apollo to a trial of skill, was defeated and flayed alive. 
— et-edetpe, from EKdipo. 

27-31. Toiavra naifav, &c, " thus blending at the same time jest and 
earnest, Alcibiades kept both himself and the others from this branch of 
learning." Literally, " thus, at the same time jesting and being in earnest," 
i. e., having a serious object in view.— wc tcouov 6 'AXKidcddnc, &c, " that 
Alcibiades had done rightly in detesting the art of playing on the pipe," &c. 
Literally, " that Alcibiades, acting rightly, had detested," &c. — odev etjeTrecE 
nofiidfj, &c, " and hence the use of this instrument was driven out entirely 
from liberal pursuits, and treated with the utmost contempt." — e^ettege. 
Used here in its theatrical sense, as applied to actors or pieces that were 
driven from the stage, and equivalent to e^e6Xrjd-rj. 

34-36. hvTVxelv, "to have an interview with." — ottoc anodocrei, &c, 
" how he shall render an account to the Athenians," i. e., of the moneys that 
had passed through his hands. 

235 Line 1-14. elra P&Ttov ovtc r)v ; " were it not then better 1" elra 
imparts strength to the interrogation, and indicates also a feeling 

of surprise on the part of the speaker. — koTparevaaTo ttjv CTpareiav, " he 
served in the expedition." — hv toZc liydaiv, " in the actions which took 
place." — ripiarevcav, "signalized their valour." — Tpav/uarc TcepiTreaovroc, 
"having met with a wound." More literally, "having fallen in with a 
wound." — ixakiGTa 6rj irpodrjluc, "most manifestly on that occasion." — 
juetu, Tuv ottXuv. Alcibiades would otherwise have lost his shield among 
these, which would have been regarded as a great disgrace. — -hyivETo fiEv 
ovv, &c, "the prize of valour, therefore, belonged on the justest grounds to 
Socrates."— <-T(o 'A?aa6iddn irepi-d-eivaL ttjv do^av, "to invest Alcibiades 
with this honour." Trspid-sZvac is a figurative expression, borrowed from 
the operation of crowning. — to ^lXotljiov hv toZc KaXoZc avrov. The 
order is, to (pilon/nov avrov kv role naloZc, " his ambition in what was 
honourable." — rrpuroc EfxaprvpEi, &c, " was the first to testify in his favour, 
and to entreat the (Athenian commanders)," &c, i. e., to bear witness to 
318 



NOTES ON PAGES 135 AND 136. 

Page 

his valour, and entreat, &c. — ttjv 7vavoir?icav, "the suit of ar- 135 
mour," which formed the prize of valour on the occasion. 

15-23. irpurnv 6' clvtC) ivdpodov, &c, " they say, that his first appear- 
ance before the people took place in connexion with a voluntary contribution 
of money (to the state)." More literally, " that his first coming into public," 
&c. — aXkd irapiovra, " but that, while passing by," i. e., but that, happening 
to pass by. — kpecr&ai. The aorist (observe the accentuation), and more 
correct than the present epevd-ai would have been. — yivecr&ai, " was taking 
place.'''' — Kal kTudovvai, " and contributed too." — tov oprvyoc. Quails were 
trained for fighting in those days, like cocks in modern times. — irTon-&evroc 
ovv Kal diaQvyovToc, " that the bird thereupon having been terrified (at the 
noise), and having escaped.'" — avv&npdv, "aided him in pursuing it." — 
'Avrioxov tov KvSepvrjTnv. This is the same Antiochus who was after- 
ward intrusted by Alcibiades with the command of the Athenian fleet in 
his absence, and who took that opportunity to engage and was defeated. 
Consult note on page 136, line 31. 

26-30. al 6' IrnroTpocpiaL, &c, " his rearing of steeds, moreover, (for the 
public games), was noised all about, and, particularly, on account of the 
number of his chariots." More freely, "his zeal, moreover, in training 
horses for the games was very celebrated, especially on account of," &c. 
The conjunction Kal is here equivalent in fact to Kal fiaTuora. — sttto, yap 
aAAoc ovdelc, &c, "for no other private individual, (nay), not even a king, 
but he alone, sent seven (to contend) at Olympia," i. e., seven chariots. — 
Kal to viKfiaai 6e, &c, " his gaining also the first pi'ize, and his having 
been likewise second and fourth (victor), as Thucydides relates, or third, as 
Euripides says, surpasses in splendour and renown all the ambitious 
strivings (of others) in these respects." With to vLKJjcai supply to. npuTa, 
just as the scholiast to Thucydides (6, 16), in the passage referred to by 
Plutarch, understands to, rrpibra after kviKvaa. — 6 6' 'Evpiiridrjc Tpirov. 
Literally, " but Euripides says third." The allusion is to an ode composed 
by Euripides in honour of this victory, and which is mentioned immediately 
after. Isocrates follows the authority of Euripides (de Big., p. 353, ed. 
Steph. — Consult Duker, ad Thucyd., I. c). 

32-36. 2.eyei 6' 6 'Evpntidnc, ccc, " Euripides, accordingly, expresses 
himself as follows, in the song (composed by him on this occasion) : ' Of 
thee, therefore, will I sing, oh son of Clinias : a glorious thing is victory ; 
but most glorious is it {what no one else of the Greeks ever obtained for 
his lot) to have been first in the chariot race, and second and third.' " — aecao- 
uai, poetic form for aaop.ai, from aside), poetic for ddto. — KaTidv d vim, 
i. e., Kalbv %pfip.a earlv d viKa. The forms d v'tKa are Doric for rj viktj. 
— o uydelg dXXoc 'E/lZdvwv. Supply eXaxe. The form 'ElTtdvuv is Doric 
for 'Elhr/vuv. — 7rpwra dpafielv. Literally, "to have run as regards the 
first," 7rpwra being elliptical for Ta Trpura fiepn. — ekeI 6' d(f>7JKev avrbv, 
&c, "when, however, he turned his attention to public affairs." Literally, 
"when he sent himself into the government." 

Line 3-9. tov fiev rjdn, &c, "the latter already advanced in 3.36 
years" — elvai doKovvra, " being." Equivalent merely to the 
simple ovTa. Consult note on page 131, line 31. — dpxo/Lievov, uenrep avrbc, 
&c, " beginning like himself, at that very time, to increase in fame," i. e., 
to make some advances in popularity. With avi-dvecr&ai supply 66^n. The 
verb apxouat, " to begin," has the participle after it when the assigned state 
has already taken place ; but the infinitive when it is either beginning or just 
about to commence. (Rost, G. G., 129, 4, b.) — role r' aXXoic. Kal Tiepl tov 

319 



NOTES ON PAGE 136. 

Page 

136 ^oyov, " both in other respects, and especially in eloquence." The 
expression role aTikocc refers to the other brilliant talents and ac- 
quirements of Alcibiades. — f) (pepsiv ayuvag hv drj/iu) dvvarbc, " than able 
to endure public contests before the (assembled) people.'''' — E#7roAtc, a comic 
poet of Athens. — Xalelv apcaToc, &c, '■'•very clever at talking, but very 
inefficient in speaking." Observe the difference between TidXelv, " to talk," 
without any very serious object, and "kiyziv, " to harangue," " to speak to 
set purpose." A similar difference exists in Latin between loquentia and 
eloquentia. 

10-19. HEpi-&oi6rjC, " of the borough of Perithoedce." This borough 
formed part of the tribe (Ene'is. — ov ixi^vnrai \iev, &c, "of whom Thu- 
cydides also makes mention, as a bad man." (Compare Thucyd., 8, 73.) — 
role de kcj/xikocc dp,ov, &c, " and who, being continually derided in the the- 
atrical exhibitions (of the day), afforded a subject of merriment to nearly all 
the comic poets." (Compare, for example, Aristophanes, Nub., 547, seq.) 
— 6iaTpi6rjv. More literally, " a subject on which to dwell." — arpeiTTOC de 
Trpbc to nanus clkoveiv, &c, "being, however, unmoved at, and quite in- 
sensible to, the evil repute that followed him, from an utter disregard for 
public opinion. — to /ca/ewe anoveiv. Literally, " the hearing himself spoken 
ill of," i. e., the being exposed to public ridicule. — ETri'&v/j.tiv ttpoit7j?mki&lv, 
&c, "whenever they were desirous of insulting or denouncing individuals 
of rank." The participle etu-&v[j,(jv is here equivalent to ore ETn-&v[ioin. — 
avrov. Hyperbolus. — to barpanov krcLQepetv efieTJ^ev, " they were about to 
bring the ostracism to bear." to barpanov is here put for rbv burpa/uc/uov. 
— koIovovtec ael klavvovat, " they always curtail and banish." — irapa/xv- 
■dov/aevoi, " striving in this way to console," i. e., to lessen. 

20-22. hi tuv TpL&v. Either Nicias, Phseax, or Alcibiades. — avvfjyaye 
rac GTaGEir etc ravrbv, "reconciled the contending parties." Literally, 
"brought the parties together to the same (point of agreement)." — diahex* 
'&elc, "having conferred." — Kara tov 'TrcepSolov. The punishment of 
ostracism was never inflicted after this on any individual, as if it had been 
degraded in the person of Hyperbolus. 

24-31. 'Atinvaioi x^ewibc [lev etyepov, &c, " the Athenians bore it pain- 
fully, on having been deprived of the chief command," i. e., of the lead of 
the confederates. After the battle of iEgospotamos the hegemony passed 
from the Athenians to the Spartans. — avdpdat rptdKovra. Known in his- 
tory as the thirty tyrants. — ole ovk kxprjcavTo, oufca&cu 6vvo.ij.evoi Xoyia- 
fxolc, &c. The order of construction is as follows : tuv irpay/naTuv fi6n 
dTcoXuXoTov, uvviEcav (ekecvovc tovc loyio/iovc) oic Xoyicr/Liole cvk expij- 
oavTO, dvvuusvQt od)^£<y&ai (vif avrtiv), bTiofyvpopEvoi nal dce^tovTEC tuq 
dfiapriac Kal dyvoiac avr&v, &c, "now that their affairs were ruined, they 
perceived (the value of) those plans, of which they had made no use when 
able to save themselves (by their means), lamenting and enumerating their 
own errors and acts of folly, the greatest of which they considered to be their 
second quarrel with Alcibiades." Alcibiades, on being recalled from his first 
exile, was placed at the head of the Athenian fleet. But the fickle populace 
soon stripped him of this high office, and compelled him to flee. Too much 
was expected of him, and too little time allowed him for fulfilling even a 
part of these expectations. — aXK! vrrnpeTij xateirr/vavTEC, &c, " but, having 
become offended at an under-ofjicer, who had lost a few ships in a disgrace- 
ful manner, they themselves, still more disgracefully, deprived the state of 
its ablest and most warlike commander." The under-officer referred to 
here was Antiochus, who, in the absence of Alcibiades, and against his 
320 



NOTES ON PAGES 136, 137, AND 138. 

Page 

positive orders, engaged with the Spartan fleet, and was defeated 136 
with the loss of a few of his ships. 

Line 2-9. eK rtiv napovrov," from the very midst of their pres- 137 
ent evils," i. e., even though their affairs were thus unfortunate. 
Supply nanuv with irapovrov. — dve<pepe, " began to arise." Supply eavrrjv. 
Literally, "began to bear itself upward." — fir] navrd-Kaaiv eppeiv, "were 
not entirely ruined." — ovre yap nporepov riydrrnce, &c, "for neither, when 
an exile the first time, was he content," &c. The expression nporepov 
<j>evyuv is equivalent here to ev rij -xpo-zpov <pvyy. — ovre vvv, el rd Ka&' 
eavrbv, &c, " nor will he now, if his affairs should be in a sufficiently pros- 
perous condition, permit the Lacedaemonians to indulge in insolent tyranny, 
and the thirty to act with intemperate violence." These words are supposed 
to come from the lips of the Athenian populace. — ravra d' ovk r\v atoyov, 
&c. The order is, ov 6' tjv a/,oyov rove tto/^Xovc oiirioc bveipo7to?<.elv ravra. 
— OTrore Kal role rpianovra, &c, "when it occurred even to the thirty to 
be solicitous, and to make frequent inquiries, and to fay the utmost atten- 
tion to whatever that individual was doing and contriving." 

11-18. reloe 6e, " at last, however." — wc ovk earai, &c. The order is, 
ue ovk ecrai {e^earat) AaKeSaifiovioic aacjyalug apxeiv rfjc '^E/JASoc, 'A-&n- 
vaiuv dnfiOKparovfievov. — 'A-d-nvalove 6e, k&v rzpaue, &c, "for that Alci- 
biades will not, as long as he lives, permit the Athenians, even though they 
feel very mildly and well disposed towards the oligarchy, to remain quiet 
under the existing state of things," i. e., under the government as at present 
established. — rtiv re?Mv, " the magistrates." — elre naneivcov <po6r)-Sevruv, 
&c, "whether it was that they even feared the spirit and enterprise of the 
man, or else strove to gratify Agis." eneivuv refers to the Spartan magis- 
trates. Agis was the personal enemy of Alcibiades, and king of Sparta. 
Literally, " they having even either feared," &c. 

21-36. uc ovv, " when, therefore." — $apvd6a£ov. Pharnabazus was the 
Persian governor of Phrygia. — 6 6e, " and the latter." — ervxe rbre diatru- 
fievoc, "happened at that time to be living." — ruv crpujidruv, "the couch 
coverings." — e^errecev, " he rushed forth." — rd Ifidria, referring to the arti- 
cles he had thrown upon the fire. — bQdelc, " the moment he was seen." Ob- 
serve the force of the aorist. — enroordvrec, "standing off." Equivalent to 
nopp'o) ordvrec. — eSaTJiov, " kept striking at him." Observe the force of 
the imperfect. — Kal role avrrje irepi6a"Aovoa, &c, "and having thrown a 
covering around it, and wrapped it up in her own scanty articles of ward- 
robe, she performed the funeral obsequies in as becoming and honourable a 
manner as her present circumstances allowed." She buried him in a town 
called Melissa. The emperor Hadrian caused a statue of Parian marble to 
be placed upon his tomb, and an ox to be annually sacrificed to him. 

Line 5-13. 'Axapvac. Acharnse was the most important of 138 
the Athenian boroughs, and distant sixty stadia (about seven miles) 
from Athens, towards the northwest. — he ruv 'A&nvaiov ovk dve^ofievav, 
&c, "thinking that the Athenians will not endure this, but, through anger 
and pride, will come to an open conflict with them." More literally, "will 
contend strenuously against them." As regards the construction of d>c 
with the participle, consult note on page 120, 1. 18. — deivbv, " a hazardous 
experiment." — vrcep avrrje rfjc TrbXeue, "for the city itself," i. e., where 
Athens itself would be endangered if the issue proved adverse. — rove 6e. 
Supply ruv 'Ad-nvaiuv. — rrpbg rd yivbfieva, " at the things that were taking 
place." — Kare-npdvve, " he strove to soften down." — rp.rj-&evra Kal Konrevra, 
"when lopped or felled." In the one case the trunk, in the other the root, 

321 



NOTES ON PAGES 138 AND 139. 

Page 

]_3g sprouts forth again. — dvdptiv 6e 6ia<p&apivTG>v, &c, " but that, 
when men are once destroyed, it is no easy matter to meet with 
others again." Supply hXkuv after tvxeiv. 

16-28. fiiao~&7/vai Ttapd ■yvco/u.nv, " to be forced to some measure, contrary 
to his own judgment.'''' — d-e/nevoc ev tvavra, &c, "having arranged every- 
thing carefully, and drawn taught the tackle, exercises his own skill.'''' The 
expression ■&ifievoc ev Ttdvra is, in nautical language, " having made every- 
thing snug." — haaae, "having disregarded.' 1 '' Equivalent to dfielr/oac. — 
Karaladuv Trdvra, " having occupied all places." Supply x^pia. — txprjTO, 
"went on and followed." — fipaxea (ppovri&v, "caring little for." The 
neuter of the adjective taken adverbially. — debfievoi TrpooeiceivTo, " kept 
urging him by their entreaties," i. e., to march forth and meet the foe. — 
aireilovvTEC Kal Karnyopovvrec, " by their threats and denunciations." — 
#G/j.aTa Kal GKUfifiara npbc aloxvvnv, " songs and scurrilous effusions to 
bring him into disgrace." — to. Tzpdyfiara, " the public proper ly ." — knecpveTo 
6e Kal Kleov, " Cleon also began to attack him." More literally, "began 
to hang on to him," a metaphor taken from dogs hanging on to their prey 
{&cnep-&npioic GKvkaKEQ. Consult Passow,Worterb., s. v.). — rjdn did ttjc 
irpbc knelvov, &c, " making his way already to the rank and influence of 
a popular leader through the resentment felt towards that statesman by his 
fellow-citizens." Cleon was a most ignorant and turbulent demagogue, 
respecting whom consult Thucydides, 3, 36. He was often satirized by 
the comic muse of Aristophanes. On the present occasion he took advan- 
tage of the unpopularity of Pericles to make himself a popular leader. 

31-33. ttjv ddofiav Kal ttjv a7rep?fiav, " the disgrace and odium (to 
which his course of operations exposed him)." — avrbc ov avve^inlevaev, 
" did not sail forth with it himself." 

TQQ Line 1-5. olicovpuv, "watching over affairs at home." A met- 
aphor borrowed from the watchful care of a mother, exercised over 
the concerns of a family, and protecting the household from harm. — did 
X^i-pbc ex (j)V T V V koKiv, " keeping the stale in his own hands." — ^eparrevuv 
6e rove TzoTJiovr, &c, " seeking to sooth, however, the populace, altogether 
impatient at the continuance of the war, he both aided them by distributions 
of money, and assigned portions of conquered territory by lot." More lit- 
erally, " wrote up a list of cleruchise." With regard to the nature and 
operation of these cleruchiae consult the remarks of Bockh, Public Economy 
of Athens, vol. ii., p. 169. — oIcjc daxdllovrac. We have, on the sug- 
gestion of Jacobs, changed ouoc, the common reading, which is entirely 
out of place here, to the more expressive 6?iog. — ddveifie rrjv vrjaov, &c, 
" he distributed the island among those of the Athenians who had drawn 
the lots." 

6-14. df uv eiraoxov, for dnb rtiv a eiracxov. — oi irepinleovTec, &c, 
referring to the Athenian fleet of one hundred sail that had been sent out. 
— T Hi Kal Srjlov rjv, " by which it was even manifest." — dpuvrec. Supply 
ol Ti.slo'KOvvrjGioi. — ovk dv elc fiijKoc, &c. The war lasted more than 
twenty-six years. — alia raxeuc diretTrov, " but would have quickly given 
it U p» — £ l ^ ri daifioviov, &c, "had not some power, superior to man, 
secretly thwarted human calculations." Literally, " some divine thing," 
i. e., some decree of heaven. 

16-27. 7rpoc tcj relevrdv. He was dying of the plague. — ol nepiovrec, 
"the survivers," i. e., they who had thus far survived the plague.— loyov 
enoiovvTo, " began to converse." — ban yevoiro, " how great each had been." 
322 



NOTES ON PAGES 139 AND 140. 

Page 

Observe the use of the singular as applying to dperrj and 6vvafj.cc 1 QQ 
respectively, and the employment of the optative to indicate their 
private opinion. — Kal dve/xerpovvro, " and recounted." — uc ovketl gvvlcv- 
toc, &c, " thinking that he no longer understood (what was said), but had 
lost all consciousness.'''' — ervyxave rbv vovv, &c, " happened to have been 
attending,'''' i. e., it so happened, however, that he was actually attending. 
Observe the ellipsis supplied in rbv vovv. — e<p?) -d-avfid&iv, " said he was 
surprised." The pronoun is understood in the nominative, the reference 
being to one and the same person. — avrov, " on his part," i. e., in his case. 
— a Kal 7rpoc rvxnv harl koivu, " in which fortune also has a share," i. e., 
where the result depends in some degree on good fortune. — Kal yeyovev rjdn, 
'■'■and which have happened before." Literally, " already." — ovdeic, governing 
t&v ovtuv 'Adnvatuv. — (ie"kav l/xdriov nepieSdlero, " ever put on mourn- 
ing." Literally, "a black garment." Pericles means, that no one of the 
Athenians ever put on mourning for the loss of any relative unjustly con- 
demned and punished by his means. Black garments were worn, not only 
on the death of a person, but also by the friends of an individual, and by 
the person himself, when any capital charge was pending against him. 
This was done in order to excite compassion. For a similar purpose, the 
Roman rei, or accused, assumed squalid attire, and allowed their hair and 
beard to grow. — irepte6d?iero. Literally, " threw around himself." 

29-32. -&avfiaarbc ovv. Supply rjv. — dXkd Kal tov typovrjfiaToc, " but 
also for the reach of mind (which he displayed)," i. e., in the remark which 
he had just made. — el, " since." Equivalent here to ore. — to ffrjre (pid-ovy, 
&c, " the never having, in anything, gratified either envy or resentment, 
through the means which so great power afforded, nor having indulged in 
any of his enmities as if irreconcilable in its character," i. e., and the never 
having cherished an irreconcilable enmity. — kx&puv. Genitive plural of 
iX&pa, the noun, not ex^pbc, the adjective. 

Line 3-5. e/c 6s tovtov, "upon this then," i. e., after the 140 
battle of iEgospotamos, where Lysander had totally defeated the 
Athenian fleet, in the twenty-sixth year of the Peloponnesian war. — 'Ailfy- 
vatuv /lev olg kiriTvxoi, &c, " as often as he met with any of the Athenians, 
kept ordering them all to depart for Athens." Literally, " with whomsoever 
of the Athenians he met (from time to time)." Observe the use of the op- 
tative in denoting the repetition of an action, a usage to which we have 
frequently referred. — Qeio-eod-ai yap ovdevbc, u for he told them that he will 
■spare no one." Supply e"keye. — bv av 7id6y, " whomsoever he shall catch." 

8-16. otvcjc [irj ■Kpdyp.ara, &c, " in order that the Athenians might not 
afford him trouble by enduring the siege with abundant means." — rovg 
dfjfiovc, '■'■the democracies." — 6eKa 6' dpxovrac, &c, " and ten magistrates 
(selected) from the political clubs that had been organized by him in each 
city." These were clubs of oligarchists, and were organized to keep down 
all political movements on the part of the democracy. — TrapeTrXei, " he kept 
sailing along." — eavrti, " for himself," i. e., not for the Lacedaemonians. 
— ovre yap dpcarivdnv, &c, "for he appointed these magistrates with ref- 
erence neither to merit nor to wealth, but seeking, in what he did, to gratify 
political clubs and ties of hosvitality, and making them absolute in respect 
of preferment as well as punishment," i. e., giving them absolute power to 

elevate to office, or to punish whom they pleased. — dpcarivdnv 

nXovrivdnv, unusual adverbial forms. The plainer Greek would be Acar* 

apeTrjv, Kara ttXovtov, and the whole clause equivalent to ovre 

aperrj?, ovtc ttXovtov "kbyov c^cjv. 

323 



NOTES ON PAGES 140 AND 141. 

Page 

140 21-24. aXka nal 6 Kufwcbg, &c, " nay, indeed, the comic poet 
Theopompus seems rather to express himself in a trifling manner, 

when he likens" &c, i. e., so far is Theopompus from hitting the true 
state of the case by his comparison, that he seems rather to have expressed 
himself in a feeble and inefficient way. The particles aXXd nal are ellip- 
tical here. The full form is, ov fiovov 6e tovto, uk?„a ital, " nor this alone, 
but .... also" — Qeoirofnroc. A native of Athens, who lived during these 
times. He must not be confounded with the historian of the same name, 
who was somewhat his junior. — on rove "EXXnvac, &c, " because, after 
having given the Greeks a taste of the very sweet draught of freedom,, they 
then poured sour wine into the cup" i. e., like dishonest wine-sellers, who 
give sweet wine as a sample to taste, but afterward deal out what is of in- 
ferior quality and sour. — evdvg yap rjv, &c, u for the sample given to taste, 
in the very outset, was disagreeable and bitter." 

30-32. rovg airayyelovvTag, " persons to announce." Literally, " those 
who will announce." — on 7rpoo-nXei, " that he is sailing thither." — ovvefiL^e 
'Kept tt]v 'Kttlktjv, " he formed a junction on the coast of Attica." — uc raxv 
GvvaLprjOuv, &c, " expecting soon to take the city." Equivalent to k\- 
Tri&v raxv avvaiprjOEW, &c. 

141 L 1NE 4-7. (pevyovTuv, " being driven into exile." — rolg (pvydcu 
The exiles here meant were the oligarchists who had been pre- 
viously driven out by the democratic party in Samos. These were now 
restored by Lysander, and the cities were delivered into their hands. — 7]6t) 
6e rovg kv aarei, &c, " and hearing now that those in the city were suffer- 
ing from famine," i. e., the Athenians. — tcait&g ex £LV - Supply eavrove. — 
TTapEcrfjcaTO rrjv noTitv, &c, " took the city, compelled to make peace on 
the terms that he ordered." — k<f>' ole, &c. The full expression is, km rolg, 
£($>' olg eKelvog eneXevE rag 6ta?ivaeig TrointirivaL. 

10-11. eKTy kirl denariy, &c, " on the sixteenth day of the month Muny- 
chion." The Athenian month Munychion corresponded in a great degree 
with our April. — h y nal tt]v kv lala/nlvt, &c, " on which day also they 
conquered the barbarian in the naval fight near Salamis." vav/xaxiav is 
the accusative of nearer definition. — kv l^aAajilvi. The preposition kv often 
denotes mere proximity or nearness. 

13-14. dvGTTEC&tig 6e nal rpaxkug, &c, " the Athenians, however, en- 
during this reluctantly and angrily." — rrjv iroXtv EiXn<pivai, &c, " that 
he had caught the city violating the terms of the surrender, for that the walls 
were still standing, although the days in which they ought to have been 
pulled down had gone by ; that he intends to propose, therefore, anew (in 
the assembly of the allies) another (and harsher) plan of operations respecting 
them, since they have broken the agreements they had made." With irpo- 
■&rjGELv supply kv ry tC)v ovjifxax^v cvvovoia. 

18-26. evlol 5e /cat TrpoTs&ijvai, &c, " some, moreover, say, that a propo- 
sition was even actually made among the allies respecting an enslavement 
(of the whole population), on which occasion, also, they state that the Theban 
Erianlhus introduced a motion, that they raze the city to the ground," &c. 
— 7cpoT£&r}vat yvufinv. Literally, " that a plan was proposed." — ttjv irapod- 
ov, " the entering-song of the chorus," i. e., the words uttered by the 
chorus as they entered into the orchestra. — fjiv&ov ttoti cav, &c, " I am 
come to thy rustic hall," i. e., to the lowly cot that now contains thee. 
According to the plot of the Electra, this princess had been given over to 
a lowly peasant, after her father's murder, by Clytemnestra and her para- 
324 



NOTES ON PAGES 141 AND 142. 

Pa*e 

mour ^Egisthus. The fall from princely splendour to poverty was J 4J[ 
compared, by the hearers to that of Athens, once the mistress of 
nations, now bowed down to the dust. It will be observed that the chorus 
speak as one person by their leader. — 7tot£ guv av\dv. Doric forms for 
vrpoc gtjv avTirjv. — uyporeipav. Well defended by Seidler against Mus- 
grave. — qavrjvca. Supply uvtoZc. 

30-35. ev<56vTuv tuv 'A&qvamv, &c, "the Athenians having given in 
to all his demands." — 7rpoc tov avlibv, " to the music of the pipe." — egtcQ- 
avufiEvuv, " wearing crowns." Observe the continued force of the perfect. 
— nai&vTwv. Jacobs suggests naiavi&vTov. — (be eKeivnv ttjv 7^/j.epav, 
&c, "as if that day were the beginning of their freedom." 

Line 1-8. to, nepl rqv iroTiirecav knivnGE, &c, "he changed ] 4:2 
their form of government." Literally, "the things relating to 
their government." — upxovrac, "magistrates." — tcjv GiceXuv avvapdjaevoc, 
" having on a sudden brought his two legs together and raised him from 
the ground." Jacobs thinks that dpd[iEvoc or vwapdfievoc would be a more 
correct reading. Not so by any means. The preposition avv is clearly 
required by the sense. The legs are suddenly brought together, the indi- 
vidual as suddenly raised, and then thrown to the ground. The narrowing 
of the base is the first and most important part of the operation. — gkeXuv. 
The genitive of part. — ov ovvvyavuKTrjaev 6 Avaavdpoc, " Lysandcr did 
not share in the indignation of Callibius." Literally, " was not indignant 
along with (Callibius)." Supply KaA/Ufo'cj. — eTiev&epuv. Lysander uses 
this term here as if the Athenians had only first attained to freedom under 
the new constitution which he had given them. 

1 1-18. rig. Supply 'Atinvaiov. — ektoc ttjq TrepiSoTiijc, " without the enve- 
lope of his cloak." It was considered unbecoming to have the hands and arms 
not enveloped in the cloak. — ore tvxol TrepiSedXnUEVog, "whenever he hap- 
pened to be wrapped in one." He seldom wore a cloak. — etteI Kara ye ttjv 
Xupav, &c, "since in the country, at least, and on expeditions, he was al- 
ways accustomed to go barefoot, and with under garments alone." yvfivbc 
stands here opposed to hdedvuevoc, which occurs a little lower down. — 
el fit] ein, "unless there were." — kvdedvfievov, "fully clad," i. e., having a 
cloak on. 

19-24. &v, " although he was." — enro tov irpoad)Trov, &c, " he appeared, 
from the expression of his countenance, a difficult person to have dealings 
with, and of a morose turn, so that no one of those who were not well ac- 
quainted could easily hold any intercourse with him." — XdprjTc. Chares 
was an Athenian commander of very low capacity and reputation. — irpbc 
Tac beppvg, &c. " making some remarks against his brows." The language 
of Chares we may suppose to have been somewhat as follows : " What a 
pair of brows our Phocion has !" meaning to imply, " what a gloomy- 
browed, haughty-looking man he is !" There is a double meaning in the 
term 6<ppvc here, the brow being regarded as the seat of haughtiness and 
overweening pride. The same remark will apply to the Latin supercilium. 
— avTn i] btypvc, "this brow of mine." — ixoWd ulavcai, &c, " has made 
the state shed many a tear." Literally, " weep much." 

26-28. TtleloTOv ev klaxLOTw, &c, "contained the most sense in the 
fewest words." More literally, "in the briefest (compass of) expression." 
— Kal Trpbc tovt' eoikev d-mduv, &c, "and it was this that the Sphettian 
Polyeuctus seems to have had in view when he said that Demosthenes was, 
in his opinion, a most accomplished orator, but Phocion a most influential 

E e 325 



NOTES ON PAGES 142 AND 143. 

Page 

142 speaker:'' Literally, " and the Sphettian Polyeuctus seems, from 
having looked to this at the time, to have said," &c. Polyeuc- 
tus was a public speaker of the day, from the borough of Sphettus. — elrj 
Observe the force of the optative here, as indicating the opinion of the 
speaker. 

29-35. rtiv uev uXkuv frnropov, " the other public speakers of the day:' 
— arpe/u-a, " in an under tone." — rj rdv huuv "koyuv, &c, " here comes the 
pruning knife of my expressions:'' Literally, " the pruning knife, &c, is 
present." The kottcc was properly a kind of Persian sword of a curved 
form, analogous in some degree to the ensis falcatus of the Romans. 
Here, however, the term is used in a more special sense, though the refer- 
ence is still to a curved instrument. (Compare Sturz, Lex. Xen., s. v.) 
— npbc to 7]-&oe, " to his character," i. e., to the excellence of his charac- 
ter. — avripp'oTcov Exei ttcgtlv, "possess an influence that counterbalances." 
ttlgtlv is here equivalent to dvvauiv sic to Trei&eiv. Literally, " a degree 
of credit." 

143 L INE 1-7- tovc 'A-&7Jv7]-&ev ImoGTolove, " those sent from Athens," 
i. e., in command of fleets and expeditions. — erepov uev ekttXeov- 

toc oTparnyov, " when any other (than Phocion) sailed forth as commander." 
As, for example, Chares. The rapacity of the Athenian commanders and 
their followers was at this time a subject of universal complaint among the 
allies. — ecppdyvvvTo, "strengthened." — anexuvvvcrav, "obstructed." — el 6e 
Qoitiov riyoiTO, "but whenever Phocion had the command" — Tropp'o, "far 
out." — d)c avTovc Karf/yov, " they conducted him to their homes." 6c stands 
here for Trpoc, a usage confined chiefly, though not exclusively, to persons. 
(Rost, G. G., p. 381.) 

8-22. ektvettoIeuouevuv TravTawacn, " being completely embroiled with 
Philip," i. e., in a state of decided hostility with him. — avrov, referring to 
Phocion. — yprjuEvuv, from alpso. — uc KarE7v?iEVG£v, " when he had sailed 
back." — ETTEf&e, " he strove to persuade." — elpnvinuc exovtoc, " being 
peaceably disposed." Supply eavrov. — iGXvpwc Ssxeo-d-ac tclc diahvaeic, 
" readily to receive the terms of peace (offered by Philip)." — avTiKpovaavrog 
avTti, " having clamorously opposed him." — e'iw&otcov, perf. part. mid. of 
£{ro. — ky6 ye, eIke, &c, "indeed I do, replied Phocion, and that, too, al- 
though knowing" &c. The particle ye here affirms and strengthens the 
question put by Phocion's opponent. Hence the propriety of writing hyd 
ye. in the text, not Eycoys. — eyw gov. Supply uptjo). — uc Tvop^uTaru, "as 
far as possible." — d-sod-ai p-dxvv, "to make battle." — d Tav, "my good 
friend." (Consult lexicon, under <5 tciv.) — ovtu ydp, "for thus," i. e., if 
we conquer. — ttuv detvov, " every danger." After the transactions men- 
tioned in the text, the defeat of the Athenians at Chaeronea ensued. 

23-29. 'AAefavopu. After Alexander's accession to the throne, Phocion 
was sent to him as ambassador. The monarch not only gave him a favoura- 
ble audience, but listened to his advice, as stated in the text. — el bpsyeTai. 
The present is here employed, though a past action is related, as imparting 
more animation to the sentence, and bringing the affair more under the eyes 
of the reader. — tietrdw, "to put an end to." We have allowed the com- 
mon text to stand here, as all the editors have done. It is more than prob- 
able, however, that Coray's suggestion of /cara#e<7#a£ gives us the true 
reading, since -&£G-&ai ttoXeuov means rather " to begin a war." Moreover, 
the compound verb aerati-EGd-ai, that follows, evidently requires the opposi- 
tion of another compound verb. — ueratfecrtfai, " to transfer it," i. e., the 
326 



NOTES ON PAGES 143 AND 144. 

Page 

war. — Kctl irolla ical Tvpbc ttjv, &c, "having said many things, 143 
moreover, dexterously adapted to both the disposition and inclina- 
tion of Alexander." Literally, "with a skilful aim at both," &c. — rrpocr- 
e^ovai tov vovv role 7rpa.yfj.aatv, " will have to pay close attention to the 
affairs of Greece." — el xi yevoiro Trepi avrov, " if anything should hap- 
pen unto him," i. e., in his intended expedition against Persia. — eneivoig 
apxecv TrpoaijKov, " it will be incumbent on them to take the lead," i. e., to 
assume the direction of affairs. 

32-35. 'O yovv Aovptc. elpnuev, " Duris, accordingly, has remarked." 
An historical writer, a native of Samos, who flourished about 257 B.C. — 
to Xaipeiv, u the common salutation Xaipeiv." Literally, " the word Xai- 
oeiv." This was analogous to our English term " greeting." — tzT^jv ev 
boaic, " except in as many as" i. e., in those which. Attic attraction, for 
hv Tooaic, oaac, or, in other words, hv ravracc, ac. — //.era tov Xaipeiv 
Txpoanybpeve, "he addressed with the salutation Xaipeiv" 

Line 1-4. to fievToi nepl tuv xpiqixaTuv, &c, "what is ac- T44- 
knowledged, however, to be true, with regard to the sum of money 
(that was offered him), is this." The particle fievToi refers back to what 
immediately precedes, and the connexion is as follows : " if there be any 
doubt about this account which Duris gives, the following circumstance, 
however, about the sum of money that was offered Phocion, may be fully 
relied upon." — enarbv TakavTa. Taking the lowest valuation of the talent, 
namely, the Attic one of silver, which was equivalent to about ten hundred 
and fifty-five dollars, fifty-nine cents, of our currency, the sum here sent 
exceeded one hundred and five thousand five hundred dollars. — ti 5tj txote, 
"why, then 1" Literally, " why, then, pray?" The addition of noTe aug- 
ments the signification of surprise in an earnest inquiry. 

9-13. 6 de $g)kig)v avrbc. In regular construction we would expect to 
find here, tov de ^tjniova avrbv avijirjaavra vdup, &c, as opposed to ttjv 
[lev yvvaitca fiaTTOVoav, which immediately precedes. Plutarch, however, 
moulds the second clause in such a way, as if the previous one had been, 
oti ij fiev yvvi] e/naTTe. — aneviTZTeTO tovc nodac, " began to wash his 
feet." Observe the force of the middle. — eTi paXkov kveneivTo, "they 
urged him still more," i. e., to accept the present. — el ffkoq uv tov f3aai- 
Aewc, &c, " that one who was a friend of their king's should live in so 
wretched a manner." More literally, " that, being a friend of their king's, 
he should live," &c. — x eL P ova i '''"worse off." — ev^v/nelv 6' eneivov deopievuv, 
" but they begging him not to talk in this way :" eixpn/J-elv means literally, 
" to utter words of good omen," and the term is employed when we entreat 
a person not to talk in the way in which he has just been doing, but to hush 
and be silent, and avoid words of evil omen. — nai pjjv, " and yet I can as- 
sure you." — to 6' 6Aov, "in a word, then." In place of to 6' 6Xov ei/relv. 
— kfiavTov a/xa nanelvov, &c, " I shall be exposing both myself and that 
monarch of yours to evil imputations from the city." 

22-33. tov de QoKiova, &c. After the death of Antipater, his son 
Cassander, and Polysperchon, the guardian of the young Macedonian king 
Aridaeus, strove each to obtain possession of Greece. Phocion, at Poly- 
sperchon's instigation, was accused by the people of a traitorous attachment 
to Cassander and, being deprived of his office of commander, was given 
over by Polysperchon into the hands of the populace to be tried by them. 
— eic 'A.-&f/vag. They had been to the camp of the young king to justify 
themselves. — 2,6yo) fj.lv Kpid-ncrofievovc, &c, " for the purpose, as was given 
out, of being tried, but in reality already condemned to die." Literally, 



NOTES ON PAGES 144 AND 145. 

J44- " ^° De tr i eo \ indeed, in word," &c. — kcu Ttpoorjv to gx^o. ry 
KOfiLdy Xvnnpbv, " and there was added to their being led along, 
the distressing manner in which this was done, they being conveyed in 
wagons through the Ceramicus," &c. More literally, " the distressing 
appearance (which this presented)." With regard to the Ceramicus, con- 
sult note on page 130, line 12-18. — to -diarpov. The people were often 
assembled in the theatre for public deliberations. — ovk uti/j.ov, "no infamous 
person." The utljlioi were they who, in consequence of some crime or 
misdeed, had been deprived of their rights and privileges as citizens, and 
particularly of the right of suffrage. — aXka ixaat nal naoaic, &c, " but 
having thrown the tribunal and theatre wide open to all persons of both 
sexes." Literally, " having afforded the tribunal and theatre wide open," 
&c. — avT& fzev tyvuxr&ai, "that he had become convinced." — kneivoic, 
referring to the Athenians. — klev&epoig rjdy nal avTovofioic, &c. These 
words, though meant to flatter, become, in fact, the language of derision, as 
proceeding from Polysperchon. 

145 Line 2-7. kvenaTivipavTO, " enveloped their faces in their man- 
tles." Observe the force of the middle. — itToTi/nncev e'itteiv, &c, 
" ventured to suggest, that, since the king has placed so important a trial in 
the hands of the people, it is but right that the slaves," &c. — rtiv ttoIXuv, 
"the mob." A term well applied here to the motley mass that filled the 
place of assembly, so many of whom had no claim to the right of suffrage 
or the privileges of citizens. — aXK avaapayovTuv f36X)ieiv, &c, " but hav- 
ing with loud cries given orders to stone the oligarchists and enemies of the 
people." More literally, "but having cried aloud to stone," &c. With 
fiaXkuv supply XiSoie. 

11-14. oti dLftaluc, "justly." 6ri is equivalent here merely to the in- 
verted commas in English. — jirj aKovaavTtq, "unless you have heard us," 
i. e., shall have heard what we have to say in our defence. Equivalent to 
si [iT] r/KovaaTe. — hirel 6' ovdev [taXkov tjkovov, " when, however, they lis- 
tened to him in no respect the more on this account." — adiiceiv dfioXoyu, 
&c, " acknowledge that I am an offender, and I adjudge myself worthy of 
death on account of the things that have been done by me in the administra- 
tion of the state." It was customary for the person accused to lay some 
penalty upon himself. Phocion chose the highest, thinking it might serve 
to reconcile the Athenians to his friends ; but he was disappointed. The 
genitive (ftavdrov) is put with verbs denoting " to criminate," " to accuse," 
where the literal translation is " with respect to," &c. — TOVTOvg. Pointing 
to his fellow-prisoners. 

16-19. on, " because." — arrocTae, " having stepped aside," i. e., having 
drawn back. — 'Ayvuvidng. The individual who had accused Phocion to 
Polysperchon. — yeypau/usvov, "written out" i. e., expressly prepared for 
the occasion. — el doKOvatv adtKelv, "whether they appear to be offenders." 

21-23. npocrypd(j>£Lv, " to add thereto." Literally, " to write in addi- 
tion." — 07T6>f nal OTpedTiu-deic, &c, "that Phocion should die after having 
been also put to the torture" i. e., should be tortured before he was put to 
death. The torture was generally confined to slaves. In some cases, 
however, it was applied even to citizens, and made to precede capital pun- 
ishment. — tovc vnnpsTac, "the assistants," i. e., the managers of the tor- 
ture. 

26-27. KalXtueSovTa tov ftacTiylav, " that vile wretch Callimedon." 
He was one of the orators of the day. The term fiaoTtyiac properly de- 
328 



NOTES ON PAGES 145 AND 146. 

Page 

notes a slave that has been frequently scourged, or that deserves 145 
frequent scourging : and then, figuratively, any vile wretch or 
worthless creature. — Xa66vrec. This seems hardly necessary here, as 
brav ?M6o)ftev has just preceded. The Greeks, however, are fond of des- 
ignating the individual moments of a transaction with the greatest possi- 
ble fulness. Hence it happens, that the participles Xa6uv, e?^6v, anovoae, 
fiaficjv, and the like, often wear for us a pleonastic appearance. 

29-35. 6p#wf ye av noitiv, " thou dost right indeed in saying so." An 
idiomatic and elliptical form of expression. The full clause, arranged at 
the same time in the order of construction, will be, av teyeic ravra, tvoiuv 
bp-&coc ye. The plainer Greek would be as follows : bp&uc ye ttoulc, My- 
uv ravra. (Consult Viger, p. 296, ed. Glasg.) — ae ri not^aouev ; "what 
shall we do to thee ?" i. e., what punishment is left for thee 1 Observe the 
double accusative with ttol£>. — eiriKvpco-d-evroe be rov ip7]<f>la/Liaroc, &c, 
" the decree having been passed, and the vote put.'''' The purport of the 
decree was, that the people should decide, by their votes, whether Phocion 
and those with him appeared to be offenders or not. This decree was car- 
ried in the affirmative. The next step then was for the people to express 
by their votes the guilt or innocence of the accused. — oi be r:\elaroi nal 
cretyavoaa/Lievoi, " the greater part, too, having even crowned themselves." 
As if having gained some victory, it being customary to wear crowns after 
a victory. — Karexeiporovnaav avruv -Q-dvarov, " condemned them to death 
by their votes." Literally, " voted death against them." The genitive 
avruv is governed by Kara in composition. — An/inrpiov be rov Qahnpeac, 
u against Demetrius the Phalerian, moreover." — ttarefn<pia'&n, "was de- 
creed." 

Line 4-11. oi fiev aXkoi, " the rest of the condemned." Supply 1 AQ 
rtiv KaradiKacr&evruv. — to be Qoniovoc 7rp6acjirov, &c, "people 
wondered, however, at the firmness and magnanimity of the man, on be~ 
holding the countenance of Phocion (to be) such as (it was wont to appear) 
when he was escorted from the public assembly invested with the office of 
commander." — olov ore arparnyuv, &c. The full form of expression is, 
bv toZov, olov yv ore, &c. — ktjevavrtae rrpoae^-d-uv, "having come up full 
in front." — ore nal rov Qunlova \eyerai, &c, "on which occasion it is 
said that Phocion," &c. Some prefer rendering ore here, as it begins a 
clause, by rbre. For this, however, there is no necessity. — ov rravaei rcc f 
&c, "will no one make this fellow cease from his disgraceful conduct ?" 

] 3-18. yevouevog, " being come." (Compare Sturz, Lex. Xen., s. v. 13.) 
— Kuvetov. The drinking of hemlock was an ordinary mode of despatching 
criminals at Athens. It was in this same way that Socrates was put to 
death. — <!>c ov Trpoannovrug, &lc, " as perishing undeservedly with Phocion," 
i. e., insisting that he did not deserve to die with Phocion. — eir' ovk aya- 
nac, &c, " art thou not content then, said he, in that thou diest along with 
Phocion?" — el ri Xeyei, "whether he has anything to say," i. e., whether 
he has any message to transmit. — izaw p.ev ovv, ecprj, &c, " I enjoin upon him 
by all means, said he, not to harbour any resentment against the Athenians." 
More literally, " not to remember evil against," &c. 

20-24. nal b bn/xoato^ ovk e^n, &c, "and the executioner said that he 
would not pound a second draught, unless he should receive twelve drachmas, 
as much as he buys the (requisite) weight (of hemlock) for." With 6 brj- 
\ibaioc supply bovkoq. Literally, " the public slave," slaves being employed 
for this purpose. The ellipsis is supplied in Artemidorus (5, 25), a&ayelaa 

E e 2 329 



NOTES ON PAGES 146 AND 147. 

Page 

246 ^^ dovlov drjiioaiov. (Consult Schoettgen, ad Bos, Ellips., s. v. 
dovlioi.) — ovk efoj. Analogous to the Latin negavit. — erepov. 

Supply Txu>na. — baov ttjv oIk^v bveircu. We have in baov the genitive of 
the price. The term 61kt}, strictly speaking, denotes the weight of a drachm, 
which was the usual portion of hem ock for those who were condemned. 
Observe the force of the article with ohnyv. — XP° V0V °*£ yevofievov, &c, 
"some time having thereupon elapsed, and a delay having taken place." The 
more usual forms are hyytvo\ikvov and diayevofievov, which last Coray 
adopts here. — ij finds diro-&avelv, &c, "verily, it is not permitted even to 
die at Athens gratis." — to nepfianov, " the requisite sum," i. e., twelve 
drachmas, which would amount in our currency to a little over two dollars 
and ten cents. More literally, " the requisite change." 

25-30. ivdrj] eirl dena, " the nineteenth." — nai tcj Au ttjv tto/j.tt7jv, &c, 
" and the knights passed by, celebrating their (annual) procession in honour 
of Jove." The festival here alluded to was called Diasia. — uv oi fiev 
htyeikovro, <fec, "some of them took off their crowns," i. e., as mourners, 
whom it did not become to wear festal garlands. — icai dieQ-frapfiivoic ttjv 
tyvxrjv, "and corrupted in spirit." — avoai6rarov yeyovevai, &c, "that a 
most unholy deed had taken place, namely, the state's having not even re- 
strained itself during that day, nor kept itself unpolluted by a public execu- 
tion while celebrating a festival" "With etuoxeIv and na&apevaai, respect- 
ively, supply iavrrjv. 

33-37. ov [mt]v akX ucTvep, &c, " it appeared good, however, to his foes, 
as if they had (still) contended (against him) in too insufficient a manner, to 
exclude even the corpse of Phocion from their confines, and that no one of 
the Athenians kindle afire," &c, i. e., as if, in the contest of passion and 
vindictive cruelty, they had not even yet sufficiently gratified their feelings 
against him. — ov f&jv uXkd. The particles ov p}jv, in this combination, 
deny something either before expressed, or to be assumed extraneously, 
while uXla opposes something different. The full expression would be ov 
firjv irXeicj vvvl rrepl rovruv, aXka, &c. — to ati/na h^opiaai. The bodies 
of traitors were not allowed the rites of interment within their native country. 
The same indignity was here offered to the corpse of Phocion, as if he had 
been a traitor to his native land. — imovpyetv to, Totavra p,ta-&ov, " to per- 
form such offices for hire." Observe in fuadov the genitive of the price. 

247 Line 2-8. e/c rye MeyapiKrje, "from the country of Megaris." 
The Megaric territory lay just beyond Eleusis, to the northwest. 

— 7] de M.eyapiK.7] yvvrj, "and the Megaric female." Observe the use of 
the article here as referring to a well-known circumstance. — f^wor p.ev 
avTO'&i, &c, "heaped up there a cenotaph (for him), and poured libations 
upon it." — napd ttjv iariav, " by the side of her hearth," i. e., near the 
hearth, as near a consecrated place, under the protection of which the re- 
mains of Phocion were placed. — Trapa/caraTi-fte/uaL, "do I confide as a de- 
posited — autypovrjauat, " shall have returned to reason." Literally, " shall 
have become of sound minds (again)." 

10-13. olov eTTicTdrnv ical (pvhaica, &c, "what a watchful guardian of 
temperance and justice." Literally, " what an overseer and guard of tem- 
perance," &c. — tuv de Karnyopuv, " while, of his accusers." The genitive 
of the whole, before mentioning the individuals that compose it. — avrot, 
" the Athenians themselves." Supply ol 'A&nvaloi. 

18-26. otl TrdvTuv (j)i? u o7rovo)TaToc, &c, " that although he is the most 
laborious of all speakers, and although he has almost expended uvon this 
330 



NOTES ON PAGES 147 AND 148. 

Page 

object the vigour of his bodily powers ," i. e., in endeavouring to 147 
attain to eminence as a public speaker. — uiKpov deuv. This, when 
freely translated, has a kind of adverbial force, " almost.'''' The whole clause, 
however, when more literally rendered, is, " and although wanting little of 
having expended," &c. — Trpocrov df/uov, "with the people." — Kpac7:a?.C)VTec, 
"intemperate.'" — anovovrai nal narexovoi to fif/fia, "are listened to, and 
hold possession of the tribune" i. e., of the place whence the orators ha- 
rangued the people. — fdvai rov "Ldrvpov. Depending in construction on 
Xeyerac at the beginning of the extract. — uv jiot ruv itvpiTcidov, &c, "if 
thou wilt repeat to me, offhand, some one of the passages of Euripides or 
Sophocles," i. e., some passage from Euripides or Sophocles. — eiirovroc de 
rov AjjuoG&evovc, &c, " and that, Demosthenes having repeated one.'''' 
Supply pfjaiv riva. — ueraAadovra, "having taken it up after him." The 
construction, it will be perceived, still depends on Ziiyerac, at the beginning 
of the extract — ovtcj nXdaat nal dietjeX-d-eiv, &c, "so moulded the same 
passage, and went over it with an air and delivery so appropriate, that it 
appeared to Demosthenes altogether different," i. e., quite another passage. 
The terms 7/-&oc and diddeoLc are both taken here in their rhetorical sense, 
the former referring to the look and air, the latter to the gesture and general 
delivery. 

28-34. TT£t,o"&evTa de baov, &c, "thai Demosthenes thereupon, con- 
vinced howi much of ornament and grace is added to a discourse by proper 
action, thought that mere exercise in composition is little or nothing to one 
neglecting the enunciation and delivery of what is said." — ek rfjc vtto- 
Kplaeuc. The term viroKptaic here refers to action in its oratorical sense, 
comprehending the look, the gestures, the tone of voice, &c. (Consult 
Ernesti, Lex. Techn., s. v). — rfjc npodopae. Compare the remark of Ernesti 
{Lex. Techn., s. v.), " irpopopd est pronuntiatio, eadem quce v-nbupioic, sed 
ad solam elocutionem pertinens." — kn rovrov, "upon this." Literally, 
"after this." Supply xpovov. — ttuvtcjc, "as a fixed rule" — tt7xi~telv ttjv 
vrroKpiocv, " he moulded, his delivery." — tco/Jmkic oe icai fif/vac, &c, " and 
frequently also joined together two and three months in succession," i. e., 
stayed there for two or three months together. 

Line 1-3. fi-drepov fiepoc, " ax to one side." — vrcsp rov prnde 148 
/3ov?.ouev(p, &c, "in order that it might not be possible for him, 
through shame, to go out at all, even if wishing so to do." The article is 
joined with evSexEc^at in construction, forming a kind of verbal noun which 
is governed by vTcep. — upunce p.ev ovv, &c, "he turned his attention to 
public affairs, while the Phocian war was prevailing." This is otherwise 
called the " sacred war," and was waged between the Phocians on one 
side, and the Boeotians, Locrians, and Thessalians on the other. The 
quarrel originated in a charge brought against the Phocians of having 
ploughed a small portion of the sacred territory, belonging to the temple at 
Delphi. It was aggravated, however, by the Phocians seizing, in self- 
defence, the treasures of the Delphic shrine. The war broke out, accord- 
ing to Pausanias (10, 2), in the fourth year of the one hundred and fifth 
Olympiad, and lasted ten years. Demosthenes, at the period alluded to in 
the text, was twenty-nine years of age. 

4-12. ?ia6o)v de rrjc irolureiac, &c, " and having taken, as a glorious 
basis for his political career, the espousing the cause of justice against 
Philip, in behalf of the Greeks," i. e., the maintaining the rights and freedom 
of Greece against the encroachments of Philip. — 7iepi61e r nroc VP"^V, "was 
raised to a conspicuous eminence." — ■d-epaireveod-ai. de, " and was courted^ 

331 



NOTES ON PAGES 148 AND 149. 

148 *' e *' was h° noure( l with marks of esteem. — nXelaTOv 6' avrov 
Tioyov, &c, " and was rated by Philip above all the popular lead- 
ers.'' 1 More literally, " and there was the highest estimate of him, with 
Philip, of (any of) the popular leaders." — otl 7rpbc evdo^ov avrolc, &c., 
" that they have to contend with a distinguished man?'' Literally, " that 
they have a contest with," &c. 

13-18. i] 6e tov Anjuov&ivovc, &c, " the political course pursued by 
Demosthenes was manifest, even while peace still existed, as allowing no 
one of the things done by the Macedonian (monarch) to pass uncensured," 
i. e., the principle that actuated the political course of Demosthenes was 
evidently this, to allow no one of the acts of Philip, &c. The plainer 
Greek would have been, Qavepov yv otl y tcoTiltelo. tov Ay/xoad-ivovg yv, 
evdev kav aveiriTLfxyTOv, &c. Observe in the text the construction of the 
participle e&vtoc, as agreeing with Ay [toad evovc, in place of being put 
in the feminine and agreeing with 7ro?UTeia, although, in rendering, it must be 
regarded as the latter. — k<f ek6gto), "at every opportunity." Supply 
KalpG). — km tov av&puirov, "against the man" i. e., Philip. Demosthe- 
nes, in his orations, often applies the term av&porroc contemptuously to 
Philip, a usage which Plutarch here imitates. — did nal rcapa ^lXl-k-k^, &c, 
" on which account also Philip regarded him as a person of the greatest 
importance." More literally, "there was the highest estimate of him with 
Philip." — deKaroc, " along with nine others." Literally, "as a tenth." In 
this construction the pronoun avroc is generally expressed with the numeral. 

20-25. ov (tyv ev ye Talc bXkaiq Tifialc, &c, " and yet, notwithstanding, 
in the other honours and marks of friendship (bestowed by him) he did not 
show himself equally well-disposed to Demosthenes, but testified more re- 
gard for JEschines and Philocrates." Literally, " but drew more closely 
unto himself (i. e., by favours, &c.) iEschines and Philocrates." Observe 
the peculiar phraseology, tovc Ttepl kiaxivyv nai QikoKparyv, as referring 
merely to the two individuals themselves, and consult Hermann, ad Viger., 
p. 700, 6. It must be borne in mind, however, that this same construc- 
tion often applies to the individuals, who are named, together with their fol- 
lowers or companions ; and in later writers to the followers or companions 
alone. In the present instance, however, iEschines and Philocrates alone 
are meant. — yvayitd&To j3apKaivav~, &c, "Demosthenes was compelled to 
deride (all this), with a disparaging intent, and to observe, that the first 
vjas an encomium applicable to a sophist, the second to a woman, and the 
third to a sponge ; but no one (of them) an encomium that suited a king." 
Literally, " an encomium of a sophist," &c. Observe the force of kiri* 
gkcotztelv, which is here equivalent to etugkutttelv, nal Xeyeiv. 

30-37. npuTov fiev etc J£v6oiav, &c., "he, in the first place, incited the 
Athenians to send an armament to Eubcea, which had, been brought by its 
tyrants into subjection to Philip." k&pfiyae is equivalent here to eKtvyoe 
gtoXov kuTzeiiTzeLv. — tuv Tvpuvvov. Alluding to Clitarchus and others, 
who had obtained the tyranny in their respective cities by the aid of Philip, 
and were supported in their usurped power by his troops. — <Tvviaryae, " he 
united." — wore avvrat-Lv yEvec&aL, "so that a confederate force was raised?* 
More literally, " so that there resulted a confederate force." 
149 Line 2-15. dvev tuv ttoThtlkuv dwdfieuv, "without counting 
the troops of the several cities," i. e., the municipal forces in each 
city, composed of citizens, and intended for the immediate protection of 
the place itself. — xPW aTa ^ KCLL fUG&ovc-, &c, "and money, and pay for 
the mercenary forces, were cheerfully contributed." The accusative with the 
332 



NOTES ON PAGE 149. 

Page 

infinitive here depends, like avvra^cv yeveod-ac, on toure at the be- 149 
ginning of the clause. — ETcypfiivyg rcpbg to fieXkov, " being elated 
with respect to the future," i. e., being filled with flattering hopes of the 
future. — cvviG~Ta[i£v<ov kclt' ed-vn, &c, "uniting by nations and cities. 11 — 
6 fieyLGTOc t£>v ayuvov, "the most difficult of his labours.'''' — evayuvcov, 
"accustomed to war," i. e., inured to battle. — nal yLCLKtcra tots tuv, &c, 
" and enjoying, at that time, the highest reputation in arms of any of the 
Greeks." This high military reputation had been gained by their victories 
over the Spartans at Leuctra and Mantinea. — rjv 6' ov padiov kid izpoafya- 
Toig, &c., "now, it was no easy matter to make the Thebans change sides, 
conciliated as they had been, by Philip, with recent favours bestowed during 
the Phocian war ; and especially since the hostile differences, on the part of 
these (two) states with one another, were continually excited afresh, in con- 
sequence of the collisions resulting from immediate neighbourhood." — 
reTf&aao-evfj.svovc. This implies not only the idea of being conciliated, but 
also of being in some degree cajoled. Philip had bestowed very important 
advantages on the Thebans during the Phocian war. — ralg ixokeaiv. Attica 
and Boeotia. 

16-21. ov fiyv 6Xk\ "however?* Consult note on page 146, line 33.-- 
'E/idremv. The city of Elatea commanded the entrance into Phocis and 
Bceotia. Hence the alarm to which its seizure by Philip gave rise. — fj,yd' 
exovroc 6 re XRV heyetv, "nor knowing what to say." Literally, "nor 
having what it behooved him to say." — ev fieacj, " amid the assembled throng." 
Equivalent, in effect, to ev ry hnKknaia. — rrapel&GJv, " having come for- 
ward." — tuv Qrj6aio)v exea4ai, " to attach themselves to the Thebans," 
i. e., to form a union with the Thebans against Philip. — nal TuXka trapa- 
■&appvvac nal fieTeupicae, " and having, in other respects, encouraged the 
people, as he was accustomed, and raised their hopes." Literally, "and 
having in other respects encouraged, and raised, as he was wont, the people 
with hopes." 

23-30. to fzev ovv avfupspov, &c, " their true interest, thereupon, did not 
escape the consideration of the Thebans ; on the contrary, each one had be- 
fore his eyes the evils of war, their Phocian wounds yet remaining fresh : 
still, however, the power of the orator," &c. By to ovfupspov (literally, 
"what was advantageous") is here meant the advantage of avoiding a war 
at the present time, and of remaining on friendly terms with Philip. — tuv 
QofttKuv Tpav/xdruv, referring to the evils they had suffered in the Phocian 
war, before their union with Philip. — STceGKOTrjce Tolg akXoic arracnv, " cast 
all other considerations into the shade" Literally, " brought darkness upon 
everything else." — XoyiafJ.bv, " calculation," i. e., a cautious calculation of 
advantages and disadvantages. — X&pt-v, "attachment," i. e., a friendly dis- 
position towards Philip, for benefits conferred by him. — kv&ovGLtivTag vtvo 
tov Xbyov, &c, " being inspired, by his eloquence, with an enthusiastic re- 
gard for what was honourable alone." 

31-36. to epyov, "this achievement." — bp&riv, "erect again," i. e., re- 
animated. — nal cvve^avaaTrivai Trpbg to yLeWov, " and arose as one man in 
expectation of the result." — BoLordpxag. The Boeotian states were united 
in a confederacy, which was represented by a congress of deputies. There 
were also other national councils, which deliberated on peace or war. The 
chief magistrates of the league, called Bozotarchs, presided in these councils, 
and commanded the national forces. They were, in later times at least, 
elected annually, and rigidly restricted to their term of office. — dioLKeiaftai 

333 



NOTES ON PAGES 149 AND 150. 

Page 

T_49 Te r "f hKKXrjaiag, &c. The order is, dcoLKeZo~$ai re tore vn' 
etcetvov ovdev tjttov rag tKKknaiag rag Qqftaiov, rj rag 'Ad-vvaiov. 
250 L INE 2-8. dyairupevov, "he being beloved.'''' — reap' atjiav, "un- 
deservedly" — aXka Kal rxdvv irpoer/KOvroyg, " but even by the best 
of rights." Literally, " but even altogether rightly." — dvrjp tjv dyad-og, 
" he conducted himself like a man of true spirit." — ev tie ry /ndxy, referring 
to the battle of Chseronea. — ovd' bp.o\oyovp,evov olg elnev, "nor according 
with u)hat he had declared (in his harangues)." Attic attraction, for d/noX- 
oyovfievov rolg a eiKev. — &x sT0 ^t-Kuv ttjv rd^iv, " he quickly abandoned 
his rank." — rd brcXa, his shield and spear, particularly the former. — oife 
alaxvv&elg, "having not even respected" i. e., having not even been 
ashamed to belie. 

10-17. etjvSpiaag, "having broken forth into insolent joy," i. e., forget- 
ting all decency in the excess of his joy. — Kal KUfidaag tirl rovg veicpovg, 
" and having marched with a train of revellers over the bodies of the dead." 
— ttjv dpxw rov An/j.ocr&evovg i\)n§io~p.aTog. The beginning of the decree, 
proposed by Demosthenes, and which declared war against Philip, formed 
accidentally an Iambic tetrameter catalectic. — npbg noda diaiptiv, Kal 
VTroKpovuv, " dividing it off into feet, and keeping time with his step," i. e., 
scanning and beating time. The time, when divided off, is as follows : 

A^uoatf | evfjg || Arj/j,da'& \ evovg || Tiald \ vlevg \\ rdd' elir \ ev. 
If scanned with an anacrusis, it becomes a trochaic line, which, as being 
a dancing measure, was more probably the one here employed by Philip. 
Thus, 

Atj I jidad^e \ vfjg Afj \\ fioa&e \ vovg Hal || avt \ evg rod' || sZttev. [ 
— Tiatavtevg, " of the borough of Pceania." — rov Tzepioravrog avrbv, " that 
had encompassed him," i. e., in which he had been involved. — ev fj.epei 
fiLKpip, &c, "in a small portion of a single day," i. e., during a few brief 
hours. — rov virep rfjg rjyefjioviag, &c, " to incur the risk of empire and life." 

19-28. T7jg drvxiag, " this misfortune." Alluding to the defeat at Chsero- 
nea. — dXXd Kal Tip.C)v dierilet, "but also continued honouring him," i. e., 
kept bestowing fresh honours upon him. — tcjv bareov, referring to the bones 
of those who had fallen in the battle. — rov eiraivov, " the funeral eulogy." 
A funeral oration was always accustomed to be pronounced over those who 
had fallen in battle. — d?.ld r<p rtjiav /ndXio-ra, &c, " but, by their honouring 
most highly and bestowing the greatest distinctions on him who had advised 
the war, showing clearly that they did not repent of the counsels he had given 
them," i. e., of having followed his counsels. The verb fxeTa/aeXeo-d-at is 
more usually followed by the preposition em. — rolg (3e6ovXevuevocg. Lit- 
erally, "of the things which had been counselled them." 

30-37. 'AvriTrarpog Kal Kparepbg. Antipater and Craterus were two 
generals of Alexander. After the death of that monarch, they had allotted 
to them the government of the European provinces of the Macedonian em- 
pire. The occurrences alluded to in the text took place during the Lamian 
war, as it was called, after the defeat of the Athenians at Cranon in Thes- 
saly. — ol uev rrepl rov Aijfioo&evij, " Demosthenes and his friends ." Con- 
sult note on page 148, line 20-25. — fyftdoavTeg, " having anticipated their 
arrival." — Anpadov ypdipavrog, " Demades having proposed the decree to 
this effect." Supply to iprjcpKjfia. — dXXov 6' dXkaxov diacnrapevrov, " some 
thereupon having been scattered in one direction, others in another." — rovg 
avXkaiJjdvovTo.g, "persons to arrest them." — $>vyado&f/pag, " the fugitive- 
hunter." — Qovpiov, "a Thurian" i. e., a native of Thurium, in Magna 
334 



NOTES ON PAGES 150 AND 151. 

Grjecia, a city founded on the site of Sybaris. — rpayydiag vtto- 150 
npivaatiai Trove, "once acted tragedies," i. e., was at one time of 
his life a tragic actor. 

Line 1-10. ry texvv, "in his art," i. e., in the histrionic art. 151 
— lketvv na&E&Gid-aL. Suppliants generally seated themselves 
either near, or on the very steps of, the altar. From what follows, however, 
Demosthenes would appear to have seated himself in the vestibule or outer 
part of the sacred structure. — virvpETLKoig, " in some light vessels." Sup- 
ply 7T?,otoic. — £TTEi-&ev avaGtavra (3afii£eiv, &c., "tried to persuade him to 
arise and go with him," &c. Observe the force of the imperfect. — ug 6vg- 
Xepec ttelgouevov ovdev, " assuring him that he shall svffer no harm." 
Equivalent to teyuv, avrbv ovdev dvGXEphg TCEiGSG&ai. — krvyxavsv kupanug, 
Kara rove vtcvovc, " happened to have seen in his sleep." The plural Tovg 
vTvvovg well expresses the broken slumbers of a fugitive and suppliant. — 
rpayydiav vnonpivouEvog, " in the representation of a tragedy." The ex- 
pression rpayudiav vixoKptvouEvog properly means, " acting in a tragedy." 
Here, however, the reference is to a tragic contest, where each party not 
only represents a play, but also acts in the same. — Evrjuspuv 6e kgu narexcov, 
&c, " but that, although gaining plaudits, and having the audience on his 
side, he was eventually overcome through the want of (sufficient) decoration 
and choral expenditure," i. e., from not having gone to sufficient expense 
in theatrical wardrobe and decorations, and in the array and training of the 
chorus. The chorus formed a very essential part of the drama during the 
best days of the Greek theatre. The splendour of the dresses, the music, 
the dancing, combined with the loftiest poetry, formed a spectacle peculiarly 
gratifying to the eye, ear, and intellect of an Attic audience. Hence the 
important bearing which the chorus always had on the success of a piece. 

13-24. uGTrep krvyxave Ka^ijuEvog, "just as he happened to be sitting," 
l. e., without rising from his seat. — ovte viroKptvouEVog, &c, " neither didst 
thou ever persuade me by thy acting, nor wilt thou persuade me now by thy 
promises," i. e., neither didst thou, while an actor, ever persuade me to take 
thee for what thou didst wish to appear in the play, &c. In other words, 
" thou didst always act thy part poorly on the stage, and thou art still a poor 
actor on the present occasion." — vvv Asysic ra ek rod, &c, "now thou art 
uttering the truth from the Macedonian tripod, whereas a moment ago thou 
wast playing apart" i. e., now thy threatening language and manner are 
in true accordance with the commands of Antipater, who has disclosed to 
thee his real intentions, just as Apollo reveals the truth to the Pythoness 
when seated on the tripod at Delphi. — ettlgxsq, anomalous form of the 2d 
aor. imperat. act. of ettexo), in place of eitlgxe-&l. — evrbg tov vaov, " into 
the inner part of the temple." Literally, "within the naos." The vaog 
was the sanctuary or inner part of the temple, where the statue and altar 
stood. It was the same with the cella of the Romans. — flthXtov, " a tablet." 
— Kal danuv. There was poison concealed in the pen. — kcltegxev, "he 
heldit there," i.e., applied to his lips. — KaTsyiXuv ug anode t?ii,£>vTog avrov, 
him, thinking that he was a coward." 



26-35. avaKVK2,uv, "repeating." — dtaTiXayag, " a full reconciliation." 
Observe the force of the plural. — rjdn Se GvvrjG-&T]fj.£vog, &c, " Demosthenes, 
however, feeling certain, by this time, that the poison had taken hold of him, 
and icas gaining the mastery." Certain verbs, of which GVvaiG$avouai 
is one, take with them in Greek a participle, where we employ the simple 
conjunction that with its clause. — ovk av Qtiavoig rjdn tov, &c, "play now, 

335 



NOTES ON PAGES 151 AND 155. 

Page 

151 without delay, the part of Creon in the tragedy, and cast forth this 
body of mine without the rites of burial." More literally, "thou 
couldst not now be too quick in playing," &c. (Consult Buttmann's Larger 
Gr. Or., p. 441, Robinson's trans.) — Kpsovra. The allusion is to the Antig- 
one of Sophocles, where Creon, monarch of Thebes, forbids the body of 
Polynices to be interred. — ert fov. In order not to pollute the sanctuary 
by his corpse. — 'AvrtTrdrpu, " by Antipater ." Put for vtto rov 'Avrcnd- 
rpov. — ovd' 6 <jd£ vabc, " not even this sanctuary of thine." — vnoXaSeZv 
avrbv, " to support him.'''' — ufia ru> irpoeX-Q-eiv, &c, " just as he came forth 
and passed by the altar." The altar in the vadq. was at the base of the 
statue, and facing the entrance. Literally, " together with his having come 
forth," &c. 



POETICAL EXTRACTS.* 

1^5 Line 1-7. &c dpa, "thus then." <3c for ovrue. Observe the 
accent. — (jxov^aac. Hector had been conversing with Helen in 
the house of his brother Paris. — alxpa d' e7T£ii9-', "and quickly thereupon." 
— douovg evvaterdovrac, " to his well-situated mansion" i. e., having a 
pleasing situation, and therefore agreeable to dwell in. (Consult Heyne, 
ad IZ., 2, 626.) evvaierdovrag is the uncontracted poetic form for evvaie- 
rcJvTac. — ovd' evp\ "but he found, not." — ev /leydpoLOLv, "in its halls." — 
etyeGTrinei, " was standing upon." Pluperfect in the sense of an imperfect. 
— yoocjad. Poetic for yoibaa, from yodu. — earn eir' ovdbv luv, " having 
gone unto the threshold, stood there." The preposition em is likewise, in 
the case of verbs of rest, construed with the accusative, and we might 
therefore connect here in construction, earn eV ovdbv, " stood upon the 
threshold." The arrangement we have adopted, however, appears more 
correct. — fierd, " among." This preposition takes a dative with the poets 
only, especially the epic writers. 

8-12. el 6' dye. This form of expression is generally regarded as ellip- 
tical, and equivalent to el de (Soviet (or fiovhecr&e), dye. Supply, in the 
present case, fiovXeod-e, and translate, " come, ye hand-maidens, tell me 
truly, if you will." The words el de are meant to soften down the ab- 
ruptness of dye. — tje nn ec yaXouv, " did she go either anywhere to the 
mansions of her sisters-in-law." Supply olnovc. Observe that nn is here 
an enclitic, whereas in the previous line it has the accent, and is inter- 
rogative. — ec 'A&nvaing, " to Minerva's temple." Supply tepov, where some 
prefer olnov. — deivijv &ebv DMoaoviai, "are striving to propitiate the dread 
goddess." Minerva was friendly to the Greeks. 

13-21. rbv 6' avf, "unto him thereupon in turn." rbv is governed by 
7rp6c. — enel udV avoyac, &c, "since thou chargest us by all means to 
speak the truth, we will do so." Supply izoLr)oop.ev ovrug, or something 
equivalent. This is a very natural and common ellipsis in the epic poets, 
where a gesture of obeisance takes the place of words. — dlV kiri irvpyov, 
&c, "but she went to a lofty tower of Ilium.'" The allusion is to one of 
the towers in the city-wall, whence a view could be obtained of the field 
of battle. — uKovaev for fjnovaev, the augment being frequently omitted by 

* For remarks on the scanning, consult the " Metrical Key," at the end of the Notes. 
336 



NOTES ON PAGES 155 AND 156. 

Page 

the epic writers. — reipea&ai, " were hard pressed.'" — \iiya elvai, 155 
"was prevailing." Literally, "was great." — a<f>ucdvei. The 
present instead of the past, to give more animation to the narrative, and 
bring the occurrence described more fully before the eyes of the reader. 
— fiatvofievri e'tKvla, " like one distracted." The verb {j.aiv£o~&at is often 
applied to any strong and overmastering emotion, as in the present instance 
to deep anxiety and solicitude. 

22-26. 7) /5a yvvrj Tapln, " the female housekeeper said." Literally, 
" said then." rj is for £§n, from r/ftl. The particle pa, except in being 
more appropriate to poetry, differs in no respect from upa, either in its 
origin, power, or use. Its primary indication, which it has in the present 
instance, is that of something accomplished, and complete in every respect. 
— 6 6' aizeaavTo dofiarog "E/crwp, " he, thereupon, Hector, rushed forth from 
the mansion." In Homer, 6, rj, to is almost everywhere a demonstrative 
pronoun, those cases excepted where to, tov, &c, stand for o, ov, &c. 
Especially must we be on our guard not to take this form as an article, 
where it is separated from the substantive by the verb and the whole clause. 
In the present passage, 6, as a demonstrative pronoun, becomes softened 
down into our personal pronoun he, to which the name "E/crwp is afterward 
subjoined, by apposition, in the poetical manner. {Buttmann's Larger Gr. 
Gr., p. 348, Robinson's transl.) — aireacVTo. The syncopated 2d aor. mid. 
for uttegveto, from uttogevo, with the poetic doubling of the a. — ttjv avrrjv 
68bv avTLc, " by the same way back again." — nar', " along." — evte, " then." 
As beginning a clause. Literally, " when." — Trj yap, " for there." ttj is 
for ravrv, with x^P a understood. In other words tt) is here the demon- 
strative pronoun, in accordance with what has just been remarked. — dtei;i{ie~ 
vac, poetic form for Sietjcevai. — Tzedlovde, " to the plain." The enclitic 6e 
is appended to nouns in the accusative, in answer to the question whither'? 
and has then the force of a preposition. — ev&', " thereupon." 

Line 28-30. 'Hetiov. The nominative is here employed, by 156 
a careless species of construction, where we would expect to meet 
with the genitive or else the simple relative bg. This occurs also in the 
case of the participle. Thus we have, II., 2, 350, v-ep/j,ev£a Kpoviova .... 
aarpaTrrcov erride^t', evaiatfia a^/xara (paivov. — vtvo IIAd/ccj vTiveggw, "at 
the foot of the woody Placus." Placus was a mountain of Mysia in Asia 
Minor, from which the city of Thebe, as lying at its foot, was called Hypo- 
placian, to distinguish it from other places of the same name. — Ki?ukec?g' 
avdpEooiv. The whole of the country surrounding Hypoplacian Thebe was 
occupied about the time of the Trojan war by Cilicians. — tov nep 6rj 
■&vya.T7]p, &e, " the daughter, then, of this monarch was had as wife," &c. 
The expression exe-&' "E/cropi is equivalent to aAo^oc vv "EicTopoc. The 
form e^ei?' is for eIxzto, the augment being dropped. — The particle rrsp is 
explanatory here, like nempe in Latin, though not translated, and tov, it will 
be perceived, is again demonstrative, and equivalent to tovtov. 

31-36. f] ol ettect' 7]vttig\ " she thereupon met him." The relative rj, 
as beginning a clause, is equivalent here to avrrj. — klev for eklev, from 
klo), the augment being dropped. — vtjtuov avruc, "(yet) so young." (Con- 
sult Heyne, ad loc.) — tov /5' "E/crap /caAee<r/c£, &c, " him Hector used to 
call Scamandrius." tov is here equivalent to tovtov, softened down in 
our idiom to a personal pronoun. The particle p"a is explanatory in this 
clause, and answers to the Latin scilicet, though not translated. — Ka?JEGKE, 
3d sing, imperf. indie, act., a poetic form for £icd?u£i. When the poetic ter- 
minations -oTcov, -GKsg, -cue, &c, are employed, the augment is usually 

Ff 337 



NOTES ON PAGE 156. 

156 dropped. As regards the short e before 2/c, consult "Metrical 
Key." — 'AoTDova/cr', " Astyanax,'" i. e., king of the city. The 
Trojans honoured Hector in the name which they bestowed on his son, the 
idea of protection and defence being implied in the name of " king," and 
Hector being, as is stated immediately after, the great defender of the city. 
— oloc yap kpvsTo, &c, "for Hector alone defended Ilium.'''' kpvero is 
from p"vu, which has the long penult, not from tpvcj, the penult of which is 
short. — tjtol 6 [xev /j,el6tjG£v, &c, " the father, as may well be imagined, 
smiled as he looked in silence upon his boy.'''' Observe the beautiful use of 
tjtol here, as marking strong affirmation. — 6 [iev. Literally, " he indeed." 
— fiei5i]aev for k^eidrjaev, the augment being dropped, 

38-43. ev r' upa ol (f>v %eipl, " and thereupon clung to his hand." 
Equivalent to evi<pv r' upa avT&. The idea intended to be conveyed is 
beautiful and striking. The literal meaning of kju^vto is "to cause to grow 
into," and hence the true force of the passage is, that she clung as closely 
to him as if growing into him, and forming part of his very nature. — <pv 
for E(j)v. We have regarded kv here as a preposition, separated from its 
verb by tmesis. In strict Homeric parsing, however, the preposition, when 
thus employed, serves really as an adverb. (Matthice, Gr. Gr., § 594, 2.) 
— erroc r' £(j>aT\ ek r' bvopia&v, " and spoke and addressed Aim." As re- 
gards this old Homeric formula, which is equivalent merely to the simple 
(jxlro, consult the remarks of Heyne, ad II., 1, 361. — bv6p,a&v for uvo/xa&v. 
— Aaifiovte, " strange man /" The term datuoviog is employed by Homer, 
in the vocative, sometimes as an appellation of reverence and respect ; more 
frequently, however, as indicating surprise, astonishment, &c, and hence 
carrying with it more or less of chiding and reproach. The idea that lies at 
the basis of the term, in either acceptation, is that of something strange 
and unusual. — to gov jxevoc, " this thy impetuous valour." Observe the 
demonstrative force of to, equivalent here to tovto. — gev, poetic for gov. — 
KaTaKTavEovGiv for KaTanTavovaiv, fut. of naTaKTEtvu. — us sir], equivalent 
to av Eirj, the particle ke being poetic for av. — gev aipauapTovGn, " deprived 
of thee." Literally, "having missed thee." — x&° va dvpiEvaL, "to go beneath 
the earth." Literally, " to enter the earth." dvfisvat, for dvvai. 

44-52. ettec av Gvys, &cc, "whenever thou mayest have met with thy 
fate?'' More literally, " mayest have followed after (and overtaken)." 
The expression is meant to indicate rashness, and the hastening of one's 
end. ETTLGirnc is the 2d aor. subj. act. of eQetto. — gvje. There is a tender- 
ness of reproach in this simple expression which is lost in a translation. 
It is somewhat like our own form of words, " thou, even thou." — tjtol yap, 
"for, as thou well knowest." — 'A^tA/levc. Achilles, in the first year of the 
Trojan war, marched with a detachment of the Grecian army against the 
neighbouring cities in alliance with the Trojans, and destroyed many of them. 
— ek 61 koKiv rcspGEv, &c, " and completely did he sack the well-situated 
city of the Cilicians ." Here, again, ek is in strictness an adverb, increas- 
ing the force of ttepgev. So, immediately after, Kara <T mravEv. — ovds 
[itv E^Evdpt^E, "but he stripped him not," i. e., of his armour. p.iv is poetic 
for avTov. — GEdaGGaTO yap Toys -&vfiCi, "for he had a religious fear of this 
in mind." GESaGGaro is for EGsdaGaTo, the augment being dropped, and 
the g doubled for the sake of the metre. — kutekve, poetic 1st aor. for nare- 
KavGE, from KaTaKaio. — gvv evtegi. According to the ancient custom of 
interring or burning with the dead whatever had pleased them most in life. 
— :i]6' £7n Gr)y? fjeev, "and upon him he heaped a tomb," i. e., a mound of 
earth. Separate tombs were only allowed to princes and heroes. — vv^ai 
338 



NOTES ON PAGES 156 AND 157. 

Pago 

opecTiadeg, " the nymphs of the mountains." What was done by 156 
the hand of man is here poetically called the work of the mountain- 
nymphs. — alycoxoLO, poetic for alycoxov. 

53-60. ol 6i fiot, &c, " the seven brothers, too, whom I had in the halls 
(of my father), all of these," &e. ol ukv is equivalent to ovtoi uev. — niov 
for eklov. — fiovalv £7t' e'lkLTTodEOGi, &c, " by their bent-footed oxen and 
white-fleeced sheep," i. e., while tending their flocks and herds. elXino- 
6ecol, poetic for elXirrocn : dpyevvyc for apyevvalg : oIeoglv for oIeclv. — 
finrepa 6', "while, as for my mother. " Accusative absolute. — rj ftaciXevev, 
" who was queen." fiaciXevev for kSaalXevev. — ttjv knee up, &c, "when, 
then, he had led her hither." The term devpo implies here, not to the city, 
but to the Grecian camp in its vicinity, and is hence equivalent to eic 
Tpoir/v tt)v x&pav. — dWoiat. for uXKoig. — KTedreaatv for Kreaatv. — dip 
bye ttjv drreXvae, " back this warrior allowed her to depart." Literally, 
"released her." — irarpdc d' hv fieydpoiai, &c, "but Diana, delighting in 
the bow, smote her in the halls of her father," i. e., pierced her with an ar- 
row. The allusion is to some sudden death, occasioned by severe illness. 
All sudden deaths were ascribed to Apollo and Diana. It will be observed, 
that by irarpbc, here, is not meant Eetion, but the father of Andromache's 
mother, and her own maternal grandfather. — j3dV for e6a%e. 

61-63. "E/crop, drdp ov, &c, " but thou, my Hector, art to me a father, 
and revered mother" &c, i. e., in the place of. — toot for etc. — ov 6e juoi 
daXepbc TzapaKOLTng, " thou, too, art my blooming husband." — uaX dye vvv, 
"oh come, therefore, now." 

64-71. fj.rj -&etyc, " do not make." Literally, "do not place," 157 
i. e , before the eyes of the world, dslyg is the 2d aor. subj. act. 
for -deyc, and this for dye — nap'' eptvebv, " by the wild fig-tree." From 
the language of Strabo and Eustathius, the reference here would appear to 
be, not so much to a single fig-tree, as to a hillock covered with them. 
(Consult Heyne, ad loc.) — d/xBaroc, "accessible." Literally, "of ascent." 
— k-xidpouov. This part of the Trojan wall was fabled to have been built 
by Telamon, and was therefore weaker than the rest, which had been con- 
structed by Apollo and Neptune. — ekXeto, " is." 3d sing, imperf. ind. of 
Trelouat, contracted from kirelero, and used here, and most commonly else- 
where, in the sense of a present. — ryy\ " in this quarter." — eneiprioavd-'. 
Supply dvadalvecv. — dutf Alavre 6vu, &c, " the two Ajaces, and the illus- 
trious Idomeneus, and also the two Atridcz, and the valiant son of Tydeus." 
Observe the use of dutpl with the names that follow, as designating more 
particularly the leaders themselves, with only a covert reference, if any, to 
their followers. Consult, also, note on page 148, line 20-25. — 'Idofievrja, 
poetic for 'IdouEved. — rj irov rig, &c., "either, if I mistake not, some one 
well- acquainted with augury has advised them." The particle irov 13 
equivalent here to the Latin ni fallor. — evlotce, 3d sing, 2d aor. indie, act. 
from evettcj. (Consult Buttmann, larger Gr. Gr., p. 279, Robinson's 
transl.) With the augment it would be t)viotve. — o§iv for otyiotv. — 
eirorpvvEt. nal dvuyst, "impels and directs them." 

72-78. ttjv d' avTE, " her thereupon in turn." — r) nal euol, " certainly 
even unto me." — at for e"l, so that al ke is for el dv, that is, kdv. — tcaicbc tig, 
" coward like." Observe that d)c, coming after the adjective, is more em- 
phatic, and therefore receives the accent. We must not confound this 
with &e for ovrug — voc<piv dXvoKa^ ttoXeuolo, " I seek to flee apart from 
the war." Literally, "I avoid apart from the war," i. e., from the battle. 
ttoIeuoio for iroXEftov. — uvuysv. Supply alvcnd&iv. Observe the want 

339 



NOTES ON PAGE 157. 

257 °f fc ^ e au g ment m ("t-vcoyev. — (jLa-&ov for Ifia'&ov. — e/uftevat, poetic 
form for elvai. — -rrpurotai, for irpuTOLg. — Tpueaat for Tpuat. — 
apvvfiEvoc, " striving to defend" i. e., to shield from aught that may degrade 
it. Compare the explanation of the scholiast, (jtioai oirovdd&v. — ijd' k/ibv 
avrov, "and also my own." avrov is here put in apposition with the geni- 
tive implied in the possessive k/xbv, just as in Latin we would have meam 
ipsius gloriam. 

79-81. ev yap kyu, &c. The connexion in the train of ideas is as fol- 
lows : It is not, therefore, rashness that leads me to the battle-field, but this 
desire of upholding my father's glory and my own, as long as the fates allow 
Ilium to stand, for I well know that our city must eventually fall before the 
Greeks. While it stands, however, it shall stand with honour, if I can 
effect this. — saasrat for earai. — or' uv 7ror' b\dtkn, &c, " when, come it 
when it may, sacred Ilium shall perish.'''' Observe the indefinite meaning 
implied by nore, literally, " at some time or other." — b?M?iy, perf. subj. mid. 
with the reduplication, from oXXv/lci. — evji^leXlu) for evjj.fie'kiov. Norn, ev/i- 
fieXing : gen. in old Doric, evfifieliao, in Ionic, ei^/ze/Uea) : contracted form 
evp,/j,elicj. — Upidfioto for Uptduov. 

82-87. d/M,' ov fioi Tpuuv, &c, " but the sufferings of the Trojans, here- 
after, are not so great a source of anguish unto me, nor those of Hecuba 
herself" &c. We have given dlyoc a plural translation, as suiting better 
the English idiom. Compare the explanation of Heyne : " mala qua 
Trojani experturi sunt." — kev ttegolev, "will in all likelihood fall." Ob- 
serve the use of kev (i. e., av) with the optative, as expressing what is both 
possible and probable. Compare also the explanation of Heyne : "forte 
occubituri sunt." — ttoMec for -KoXkoi. — kovltjgl for Koviatq. — dvafisvi scr- 
ew for 6vo[ieveclv. — oggov geV, " as are thine." Supply as follows : oggov 
geIo (for gov) dXyoc [meT^el p.ot. — kev dynrat, "shall perchance lead thee 
away." Observe the force of the middle, " lead thee away for himself," 
i. e., as his captive. — slev'&Epov f/[j,ap airovpac, " having taken away the 
day of freedom." Literally, " thy free day." An old form of expression, 
where fifiap refers more particularly to the condition or state in which one 
passes the day. Compare dovhiov rjpiap, at verse 95. — airovpac, 1st aor. 
part, act., formed by a peculiar anomaly of the vowels, and closely related 
in signification to the poetic forms dirTjvpov and dirnvpdfir/v, from envavpdu. 
No separate present occurs for it. The radical verb is avpo. (Buttmanri's 
Lezil., 23, s. v. diravpav. — Id. larger Gr. Gr., p. 269, Robinson's transl.) 

88-92. Kal kev, " and perhaps." — kv "Apysi, "in Argos." The refer- 
ence here is not to Argos, the capital of Argolis, but to Pelasgic Argos 
{Argos Pelasgicum) in Thessaly, which Strabo says stood once in the im- 
mediate neighbourhood of Larissa, and near which he places the two fount- 
ains of Messeis and Hyperea, mentioned in the succeeding line. (Consult 
Heyne, ad loc.) — repbe hXknc, " at the orders of another." Literally, " from 
another." — 'M.eaanidoc t) 'YirspEing, "from (the fountain of) Messeis or 
Hyperea." — rcoTJC dcKa^ofiEvn, " much against thy will." — etzlkelget'', 
" shall hang over thee." — /cat ttote tic eIttvgiv, " and (then) haply some one 
shall say." slirnoiv is for eIttv. — Kara ddicpv x^ovoav. In ordinary parsing 
this would be regarded as a tmesis for SaKpv Karaxeovcrav. In Homeric 
Greek, however, Kara thus situated has an adverbial force, and imparts 
energy to the simple verb. — be dpiGrsvEGKs /j.dx£G&ai, " who was the bravest 
in battle." — ccplgtevegke for ypiGTEVE. Consult note on verse 34. 

94-98. ug, " thus." Equivalent to ovruc. — bpsst, 3d sing. fut. with the 
poetic resolution, for bpEl. — viov akyoc, " a renewal of sorrow." Literally, 
340 



NOTES ON PAGES 157 AND 158. 

Page 

"new sorrow." — xw T£l toiovS' dvdpbc, &c, "from the want of 157 
such a husband as might ward off from thee the day of slavery,'''' 
i. e., through regret at the loss of a husband who could have saved thee 
from servitude. We must be careful not to render roiovd' dvdpbc, " of 
such a husband as I am." The term rotovde is equivalent here, in fact, to 
the prosaic olov re ovroc, so that the whole line, when converted into prose, 
would be as follows : arepn^etaa dvdpbc olov re ovtoc dfivveiv, &c, 
" having been deprived of a husband able to ward off," &c. — -dovAiov rj^ap. 
Consult note on verse 87. — dXkd /xe Te&vn&Ta, &c, " but may the heaped- 
up earth cover me lying dead" The optative here, without ke or nev, has 
the force of a wish. — Te&vntira for reT&vnKOTa. Observe the continued 
force of the perfect. — ~i, "aught." — aov ■&' eAKn&ftoto, " and of thy being 
dragged away into captivity." — ov Tzaidbg bpi^aro, " stretched out his arms 
to receive his boy." Observe the force of the middle. Verbs indicating 
desire, &c, take the genitive of the object, from which that proceeds which 
gives rise to this feeling, bpet-aro wants the augment. 

Line 100-106. knAiv&n," shrunk." Passive in a middle sense. 1 58 
— Trarpbc tpcAov, "of his father." Qiaoc, in the epic language, 
has often the force of a possessive pronoun, "mine," thine," "his" or 
"hers," &c, according to the person. — deivbv vevovra, " nodding fear- 
fully." — voTjaar-. Supply avrbv, i. e., rbv 16<pov. — e/c 6' hyeAaaae, &c, 
" openly then smiled both his father ," &c. h/iXaaae (for eyeAaoe) appears to 
have here the force of kp.£L6iaae. The plain translation, " out then laughed," 
is too strong for the general tone of feeling that pervades the whole passage. 
— Kparbc, gen. sing, of Kpdg. — nal ttjv fiev, " and this." — bv §'ikov vlbv, 
"his own loved son." Whenever a possessive pronoun is expressed with 
(ptAoc, as in the present instance, the adjective has its natural meaning of 
" loved," " dear," &c. — TrrjAe re xepaiv, " and had dandled him in his 
hands." TTTJAe for eirnle, 1st aor. indie, act. of tzoXao. 

108-113. Sore 6tj, &c, "grant now, that this my son too may become 
distinguished among the Trojans, even as I am, and may be as powerful 
in might, and rule vigorously over Ilium." — nai irore rtc elrnjai, &c, 
" and may some one haply say of him, when returning from war, ' why, 
this one indeed is far braver than his sire V " — elnyvL for urtn. — dvcovra, 
agreeing with avrbv understood, which last is governed by elirnai. The 
plain prose idiom would be irepl avrov ; but the Attic idiom is here the 
same as the Homeric, the Attic writers saying Asyecv revd for Aeyeiv 
nepi rtvog. — x a 9 ELr li 2d aor. opt. pass, of ^a/pw. 

r* 115-121. Kvudei koattg), " in her fragrant bosom." The reference here 
is to the use of perfumes. Compare the remark of Heyne, " quia vestes 
odoribus perfusce erant." — daupvbev yeXdaaaa, " having smiled tearfully," 
i. e., having smiled through her tears. The neuter of the adjective taken 
adverbially. — jj.lv Karepetjev, " caressed her." fiiv for avrrjv. — daijuovin, 
"foolish one." Indicative of mingled tenderness and chiding. The literal 
reference is to strangeness of conduct. Consult note on verse 39. — fir] 
aKaxi&o, "be not afflicted." aKax't^eo for aKaxt^ov. — vrnp alaav, "con- 
trary to fate," i. e., prematurely. — "Aide. Equivalent to kc "Ai6a. — Trpo- 
idipet, "shall hurl." The preposition -rrpo, in composition here, does not 
signify "prematurely," but "onward," to some destined mark. — irefyvy- 
uevov e/ipievat, " has escaped." Passive for the middle. — hrijv rd vptira 
yevnrat., " after he has once been born" More literally, " after he has first 
been born." 

122-125. rd a' avrfjs Ipya tcofiifr, " attend to thy own employments." 
F f 2 341 



NOTES ON PAGES 158 AND 159. 

Page 

253 These words, and those which immediately follow, sound somewhat 
harshly to our ears, and seem not fully in unison with the previous 
tone of feeling exhibited by Hector. Allowance must be made, however, 
for the simple manners of an early age. Besides, Hector merely recom- 
mends to Andromache, that she turn her attention to domestic affairs, as a 
means of calling off her thoughts from the gloomy scenes on which they have 
just been dwelling. — avT-rjc, put in apposition with the genitive implied in 
ad. — epyov k r Koixea-&aL, " to ply their ivork." Literally, " to go unto," " to 
approach." — dvdpeaai for avdpaai. — roc 'I/Ucj kyyeydaaw, "who are born 
in Troy." rol is for ol. — kyyeydaai is poetic for kyyeybvaai, and formed 
as if coming from an obsolete verb kyydu. 

127-133. ohovde j3s6^kec, " had meanwhile departed for her home." 
Observe the rapidity of action indicated by the pluperfect. — kvrponaTa^oiiEvv, 
" looking back from time to time." A beautiful touch of nature. — rrjotv 
6e yoov ndanotv kvcoposv, " and excited lamentation among them all." 
rrjGiv Tcdovotv is for rale Ttdaatc. — al fikv kn fadv, &c, "these, indeed, 
lamented Hector, though still alive, in his own mansion." — yoov. Accord- 
ing to some, a syncopated form for kyoaov, kyou>v, but more probably, ac- 
cording to others, a second aorist act. irregularly formed from yodid. In 
either case, the augment is wanted. — cj for eQ>, from be for kbc. — evl for kv. 
— ov yap p,cv £r' etyavro, &c, "for they thought that he will no longer re~ 
turn," &c. Literally, " they said unto themselves," i. e., unto their own 
bosoms. Observe the force of the middle. 

1 59 Line 1-4. ktddvaro, "was diffusing her radiance." Literally, 
"was diffusing herself." Middle voice. — -notiiaaro, "convened." 
Literally, " made for himself," i. e., in his own good pleasure. KoirjoaTO 
for knoLTjaaTO. — Ovlvpnroio for 'OIv/uttov. Olympus, in Thessaly, with its 
cloudy summits, was the fabled abode of the Grecian gods. — cr<p' dyopeve, 
" harangued them." Literally, " spoke unto them." a<p' is for acfi, and 
that for oyioiv, equivalent, in the epic language, to avrolc. — vtto duovov, 
" attentively listened." vtto denotes here inferiority of power, and conse- 
quent subjection and obedience. 

5-9. kekXvte, 2d plur. 2d aor. imper. from kXvo, with the poetic redu- 
plication, for kXvts. — fiEV for p.ov. — rd fie -d-vfj.bg, &c, " what things my 
mind within my bosom commands," i. e., bids me utter, rd is for a, and 
evl oT7]d-eoGL for kv arrj^eai. — Toys dcanEpuai hfibv ekoc, "to violate this 
my mandate." Literally, "to cut through," or "in pieces." rbys is for 
tovto ye, and dianspaaL the old ^Eolic form of the 1st aorist, from ScaKeipo), 
^Eolic future Sia/cspou, 1st aor. iEol. ScEKEpaa. So we have keXXu, fut. 
Ke?,ao) : bpu, fut. bpou, &c. — kivog. The mandate of Jove is implied in the 
words ov 6' av kyoiv, &c, verse 10, and is an order to the gods not to aid 
either the Trojans or Greeks. — alvetT', " approve." — b<ppa TelevTijaa, " that 
Imay accomplish." 1st aor. subj. act. — rdde kpya, " these things (which I 
have in view)." Literally, " these operations." 

10-12. ov 6' av kycbv andvev&e, &c, "whomsoever of the gods, then, 1 
shall perceive having gone apart voluntarily, to lend aid," &c, i. e., having 
left Olympus, of his own mere motion, to lend aid, &c. — av vofjeu. The 
particle av is used with the future in the epic language, but it is very 
doubtful whether the genuine Attics ever employed it thus. {Matthicz, Gr. 
Gr., $ 599, d.) — dpriykp-EV for apr/yEtv. The more enlarged ancient form 
is dprjyefxevai. — nlvyele ov Kara koc/xov, " smitten disgracefully." More 
literally, " stricken not according to what is becoming." The reference is 
342 



NOTES ON PAGES 159 AND 160. 

Pago 

to the thunderbolt. — OvXvfinovde, "to Olympus," equivalent to T_5Q 
irpoc "OXvfnrov. Consult note on verse 25, page 155. 

13-18. fj.Lv for avrbv. — rffke fj.d?.\ "very far off." — (3d&iarov 6epedpov, 
" a very deep abyss." ftepe&pov is an epic form for (jdpa-Q-pov, from which 
last comes the Latin barathrum. — rcvXac. The gates here spoken of were 
fabled to separate Hades from Tartarus, and to confine the wicked in the 
latter as their place of punishment. — 'Aideo for adov. — yvuaer' eirei^, 
&c, " then will he know by how much I am the most powerful of all the 
gods." £TTet-&' is for eireira. — el 6', aye, " but come, if ye will." Supply 
fiovlea&e after el 6', and consult note on verse 8, page 155. — Treiprjaaa&e, 
■&eol, &c, " make trial for yourselves, ye gods, that ye all may know." 
Observe the force of the middle in izecpfiaaa-d-e. — eldere, an epic form for 
eldrjre, the long vowel being shortened for the convenience of the verse. 

19-21. xP va£ir l v f° r XP v<y £V v > an d that for xp vc V v - — k!; ovpavodev, "from 
heaven." The preposition hi; is here employed pleonastically, according to 
earlier usage. In like manner we have e| kfiedev, etc irpopa&ev, &c. — 
rrdvrec 6' etjd.KTecr&e, " do ye all, thereupon, attach yourselves unto it." — 
Tredlovde, "to the plain," i. e., to earth, considered as a level surface. 

23-29. a?\,?J ore 6tj nal eyv, " but when now I even." — avrij nev yain, 
&c, " I will draw it together with the earth itself, and the sea itself" 
The preposition avv is here supposed to be understood, an omission of very- 
common occurrence with the pronoun avroc in the dative. — epvaaifj.'. 
Supply avTT]v, as referring to aet-prjv. — Tzepl p"tov Ovlvimoto. Olympus is 
here considered to be entirely detached from earth, and forming part of the 
heavens. The chain is to be bound to its peak or loftiest summit, and, 
from this chain, earth, sea, and the gods are to hang. — ra 8e «' aire, &c, 
"and all these things, on their part, shall be suspended in the air." ra. 
for ravra. — aurjv eyevovro atony, "were profoundly silent." The term 
a.K7]v appears to be, here, an old adverbial form, arising from the accus. fern, 
of the adjective anaoe ; namely, andav, changed in Ionic to dtcenv and anTjv. 
The adjective a/caoc is thought to be derived from a privative and x aivu t 
to gape, so that its meaning will be, " with unopened lips." Hence, perhaps, 
the literal sense of aKrjv eyevovro accony is, " were in a state of silence with 
unopened lips," i. e., kept their lips firmly compressed in silence. (Consult 
Buttmann's Lexil., p. 73, s. v. anew, dur/v). — uvd-ov ayaaadiievot, " having 
wondered at the speech," i. e., struck with surprise and fear at what was 
said. Compare the explanation of Heyne : " percussi his dictis acperculsi." 
— udla KparepCic, " in a very threatening manner." 

Line 1-9. tov, "him." Literally, "this one," referring to 160 
Hector. — 6V ov ovfiTcavrec ol uXkoi, " as many as not all the others 
together have done." baa is here employed, as if roaa preceded, in place 
of TToXXa. — el 6', dyere, "come then, if ye will." — ap-tyl ttoIiv avv revxeac 
netpv^cjuev, " let us, armed as we are, make trial round about the city," 
i. e., try the city all around. The expression avv revxeai (literally, "with 
our arms") is equivalent here to <jc exoiiev OTr/iiatievrec. — TTei,p7r&tiuev, 
passive for the middle. — 5(ppa it' ert yv&iiev, &c, " that we may, besides 
this, learn the intentions of the Trojans, what one they have," i. e., may 
learn what intention the Trojans have. — fieudaat, from fj.au. — nal "~EnTopoc. 
ovkSt' eovroc, " even though Hector is no more." 

10-14. dXkd Tin fioi ravra, &c, " but why does my mind hold converse 
with me about these things ?" i. e., why do I think of these things when my 
friend Patroclus lies unburied 1 Achilles now recollects that his friend lay, 

343 



NOTES ON PAGES ] 60 AND 161. 

Pase 

160 as y et with 01 - 1 * funeral rites, whom he had declared (27., 18, 335, 
seq.) that he would not inter, until he should have brought the 
arms and person of Hector before the corpse of that friend. — atclavroc, " un- 
wept,'" i. e., unhonoured as yet with the lamentations, that are raised, in 
due form, for the departed. — otyp' av eyuye, &c, "as long as I, for my 
part, may be among the living.'" {jleteu is for /lcetcj, from {isTEifAt. — nai /llol 
tytka yovvar 1 bpupn, " and as long as my knees may continue to move them- 
selves for me" i. e., as long as my frame may continue vigorous. Observe 
the continued action denoted by the perfect, bpupv, perf. subj. mid. with 
the reduplication, from 6pa>. — el Se -&av6vrov nep, &c, "for even if the 
rest of men forget the dead in Hades, yet will I remember my friend even 
there." With KaraXri^ovraL supply ol aKKoi. 

16-19. vvv 6' dy\ Observe the use of aye in the singular, with the 
plural following. — rran)ova, " a song of victory." — vrjvalv yXatyvpym for 
vavalv y?ia<pvpalc. The expression em vnvolv is used here for Eire vijac . — 
rovde 6' ayufiev, " and let us bear this one away." Alluding to the corpse 
of Hector. — d) Tptiec Kara aarv, &c, " to whom the Trojans, throughout 
the city, rendered homage as to a god," i. e., treated or honoured him as a 
god. The verb literally means, " to address vows or prayers to one." It 
is here taken in a general sense, however, to indicate implicit confidence 
and unbounded respect. — svxbtoqvto for evxstuvto, from EvxerodofiaL for 
evxerufiat. 

20-27. y /3a, " he said then." r) for Efyrj, from r/fic. — firjdero, " devised." 
Observe the double accusative (spya and "E/cropa) governed by this verb. — 
eZj/tttev, " he fastened to them." — eaaev for elaaev. — avd re kXvtu. rev^s' 
aeipac, " and having lifted up into it the renovmed arms (of Hector)," i. e., 
as battle spoils. — \iaoTi£,tv 6' e?idav, " he thereupon lashed (the steeds) to 
advance." — ra> 6', "and they two," referring to the steeds. Supply Itttto). 
The steeds of Achilles, of immortal origin, were two in number, Xanthus 
and Balius, the offspring of the harpy Podarge and the wind Zephyrus. A 
third steed, Pedasus, was of mortal birth. (JR., 16, 145, seq.) — tov <5' t)v 
il.uo/j.Evoio KOvioaTioc, "from him, getting dragged along, the dust arose," 
i. e., from the corpse of Hector. Literally, "there was dust." — aptyl fie 
Xalrat nvavsat Trirvavro, " and his d,ark locks streamed all around." More 
literally, " were spread forth all around." TzlrvavTO, from irtTvrjjut, is equiv- 
alent to eireTavvvvTO. This is Heyne's reading, and far superior to ttiI- 
vavro, which many give. The latter form is regarded as equivalent to 
7vpooETTe7^dC,ovTO, and the translation will then be, " and his dark locks all 
around were brought near to it," i. e., to the dust, with an ellipsis of kovkt- 
dTiix) or Koviaic. This, however, is far inferior, and has a pleonastic effect, 
considering that ndpr] 6' dirav, &c, follows. 

29-30. deiKcaaaa-d-ai. Supply avrov, as referring to Hector. — kekovlto, 
" was defiled with dust," pluperfect of kovccj. — r) Si vv fJ-fjrrjp, &c. Hecuba, 
Priam, and many others, had witnessed the combat between Achilles and 
Hector from the ramparts of Troy. 

\Q\ Line 33-35. kTieeivd, "piteously." — elxovro, "were occupied." 
— rw <5e ad'htar' ap 1 etjv, &c, "and it was most like to this, as 
if all lofty Ilium were being consumed from its summit by smouldering fire." 
A most beautiful and appropriate simile, and one deriving its chief force from 
the peculiar meaning of the verb. The lamentations, that re-echoed through- 
out Ilium, are compared to the cry of distress occasioned by some secret con- 
flagration, the smouldering fires of which are spreading far and wide, but are 
as vet more or less concealed from view, and give few outward tokens of the 
344 



NOTES ON PAGE 161. 

Page 

extent of their ravages. So the dread of evil, now that Hector is lfil 
slain, comes upon the Trojans as something indistinct and unde- 
fined, but on that very account the more calculated to alarm. 

37-40. exov, " restrained," for elxov. — acrxaXoovra, "filled with indig- 
nant grief," for acrxaluvra, from daxaXodo) for doxakdio. — e^ilcrdveve 
for tXirdveve, on account of the metre. — Kara Koirpov, " amid the mire." — 
bvo[idC,u)v, " addressing." 

41-47. oxecr&e, "desist." More literally, "hold yourselves back," i. e., 
cease trying to detain me.—olov, "alone," i. e., unattended. — kvoojievol 
nep, " anxious though ye he." — rcoXyoc for 7rb?L£G)c. — Aicrcrw//', " let me sup- 
plicate." Observe the use of the 1st person sing, of the subjunctive, in a 
case of entreaty and supplication, and consult Matthice, Gr. Gr., § 516. — 
7jv 7twc 7i?UKLnv aldiacerai, "if perchance he will reverence my years." 
aloiaoErai for aloianrat, 1st aor. subj. mid. of aideofiat. — nal 6e vv rude 
TraTTjp, &c, "for his father Peleus is even such as myself." Literally, 
"is even such as this man." Accompanied by a gesture, as indicating 
himself. — Trspl irdvruv, " above all." 

49-52. tuv TrdvTuv, "for all of these." — ov dxoc b£v, "my keen sorrow 
for whom." — "Enropoc ■ wc ode^sv, dec., "my Hector: oh would that he 
had died in my arms!" "E/cropoc is put in apposition with evoc, and, in 
construing, comes in with most force at the end of the clause. — uc o^eTiev 
■&avE£tv. Literally, "how he ought to have died !" bfysTiEv is for cj^eIev, 
from b(j>£c?io). — -&av£Eiv for ■d-avelv. — tfiyaiv for hfiaZc.^—rCi ke KopEGodfie- 
■&a, &c, " in that event we would have sated ourselves, both weeping and 
mourning (over him)," i. e., we would have had our fill of tears and sorrow 
over the body of our son. 

54-61. EKi 6e OTEvdxovro iroTdraL, "and the people also groaned." — 
Tpuijoiv <5' 'EKa6y, &c, "then, among the Trojan females, Hecuba began 
her loud lament." Tpcorjoiv for TpcoaZc . As regards the peculiar force of 
adivoc in this and similar passages, consult the remarks of Buttmann, 
Lexil., p. 36, § 6, s. v. dbivoe. — yooto for ybov. — kyu SeiItj tc vv (3Ecofj.at ; 
"why do I, a wretched woman, now live?" ^ELOfiai, poetic for f3eo/xai.- — 
unoT£-&vr)C)Toc for dTroTE&vnKOTOc. — b y.oi tteTiegkeo, "that wast unto me." 
6 is for be. — tteIegkeo, poetic for etteXov. — SEcdixaTo as, " received thee," 
i. e., on thy return from the fight. (Consult Heyne, ad loc.) SeiSex - 1 " * s 
an Ionic and poetic form for dsdEy/xEvoi fjoav, 3d plur. pluperf. indie, of 
d&xofiaL. — 7j yap ke o§i, &c, "for assuredly thou xoouldst have been a very 
great glory to them, hadst thou continued alive." ke snad-a is for dv rjg. 
The form gncr&a is poetic for yad-a, and this, with what the grammarians 
call the iEolic paragoge, but what is, in reality, an old tense-suffix, stands 
for the common imperf. indie, rjc . — vvv av, " now, on the contrary." — 
KtxdvEL, Supply oe : "overtake and hold thee for their own." 

62-66. ovirw tl ttettvoto, "had not as yet learned aught," i. e., of what 
had befallen him. ttettvgto for e-ketzvgto, pluperf. indie, of Ttwd-dvofiat. 
— ol, "unto her." — brrt bd ol koglc, &c, " that her husband, namely, was 
remaining without the gates," i. e., a corpse in the hands of the foe. /6a is 
here equivalent, as an explanatory particle, to the Latin scilicet or nempe. — 
irvlduv for nvlifiv. — fJ-vx^, "in aninner apartment." — bmhaKa Tropcpvpsnv, 
" a purple double robe." The reference is to a robe of large dimensions, 
to be worn doubled, and intended to cover the whole person down to the 
feet. (Consult Heyne, ad II., 3, 126.) — ev 6k d-pbva tvolkW ETtacoEV, 
"and was sprinkling over it flowers of varied hue" i. e., was embroi- 

345 



NOTES ON PAGES 161 AND 162. 

Page 

161 Bering into it, &c. Nothing can be more beautifully expressive 
than the verb Tcdaoo, here, of graceful skill on the part of Androm- 
ache. It is as if she were strewing bright-hued flowers, with a gentle 
waving of the hand, over the web in the loom. — dpova. Consult, as re- 
gards the peculiar force of this term, the commentators on Theocritus, 
Id., 2, 59. 

162 Line 70-74. vn^in, "foolish one." — o \iw for on avrbv. — tt}c 
6' eXeXix&V yvla, " and her limbs trembled." Literally, " were 

shaken," or " made to tremble." — ekttege for e^ettege. — rj d' aiirtc S/ncoyGLv, 
&c, "she then again spoke among her fair-haired female domestics." 
dfiorjGiv for 6/u.uaic. 

75-84. Utofi 1 , " let me see with my own eyes." Observe the force of the 
middle, and consult, as regards the use of the subjunctive here, the note on 
verse 43. — rirvKrai, " have been done." — oirbc ekXvov, " I heard just now 
the voice." Observe the force of the aorist. otvoc is from bib. — ev d' e/nol 
avry, &c, " and within my own self, in my bosom, my heart palpitates up 
to my mouth." gtt/&egl is intended as a nearer definition of e/lioc airy. 
Observe the force which the simple and natural language of the text carries 
with it. — TTr/yvvTai, "are growing torpid." — at yap a7r' ovaroc, &c, "far 
away from my ear be the tidings of it." Compare the version of Heyne, 
"procul ab aure sit mea dictum." al is for el, as equivalent to el&e, and 
expressive of a wish. — ovaroc, from the earlier nominative ovac. In later 
Greek, ovc, iotoc. — inroT/x^ac, " having cut him off," i. e., having inter- 
cepted his retreat to. — Ttediovde, " to the plain," i. e., down from the higher 
ground, where the city was situate, to the plain beneath where the con- 
tending armies were wont to engage. — nai drj jj.lv, &c, "and lest he may 
have caused him now to cease from the fatal valour that used to possess 
him," i. e., may have conquered and slain him. excgke ls f° r £ ^X £ - — p-evtv 
for efievEv. — aXka noli) irpo-&£EGK.e, &c, " but used to rush far in advance 
(of the rest), yielding in that valour of his to no one." irpo-^eecKE is for 
Ttpo£-&El, from rrpo-d-EU). — to bv [isvoc for rovro (or ekeivo) ibv /xevoc. 

85-90. Sieggvto, "she rushed through." Consult note on uiteggvto, 
verse 22, page 155. — /natvadi Igv, " like a phrensied woman." — ira?^o[i.£vn 
Kpadcr/v, "with a palpitating heart." Literally, "agitated in heart."— 
I^ev from 'Iko). — Earn TraTrrrjvaG' km teixei, " she stood upon the rampart, 
looking forth for an instant with anxious eye." Observe the quickness of 
action indicated by the aorist. — eXkov anndEGTioc, " were dragging unfeel- 
ingly." Hesychius explains anvdsGToc by avrjheuc, acppovTiGToc, in ac- 
cordance with the version we have here given. It may also be translated, 
" deprived of funeral obsequies," which would be less forcible in the pres- 
ent case, however, though nearer the literal meaning of the term. 

91-94. rrjv de /car' b<p-&a'Xfi6)v, &c, " thereupon dark night covered her 
on her eyes." More literally, " down upon her eyes." — euro 6e ipvxyv eku- 
ttvggev, "and breathed forth her life," i. e., fainted. The reference is not 
to death itself, but to a struggling as it were with death, and the panting 
and exhaustion attendant on such a conflict. It is analogous to the Latin 
animam agere. — ttj'Xe d' airb /cparbc, &c, "far from her head thereupon 
did she cause to fall the bright ornaments attached to it." As she fell these 
were thrown to a distance. Consult the remarks of Heyne on the objec- 
tions raised by the scholiasts to this passage. — x ££ i s f° r £ X ££ i ar) d tn ' s for 
£#££, from x £G) - — afxrrvKa, KEKpv^alov r', &c, " the fillet for the brow, 
and network for the hair, and also the twisted cord for the temples, and the 
veil." The poet here specifies what in the previous line was expressed 
346 



NOTES ON PAGES 162 AND 163 

Page 

generally by the term beaiiara. The a/nrv^waa a fillet, or bandeau, J_(32 
passing around the upper part of the forehead, and thus confining 
the hair on the top of the head. Over this was placed the K.e.K.pv§a\ov , a 
kind of network, covering the entire hair of the head, like a species of cap. 
To keep on this tteKpvfaAov they tied around the border of it the Tr/le/crf) 
dvadea/jn, which passed from the top of the head, along the temples, and 
was fastened behind. It appears to have been a species of cord, and is 
called aetpd by some of the scholiasts. The npf/de/ivov came last. This 
was a kind of covering, which, when folded, veiled merely the brow, but, 
when unfolded, the entire head ; for it was the custom with women not to 
appear in public except veiled. (Consult Terpstra, Antiq. Horn., p. 171, 
and Heyne, ad II., 22, 469, seqq.) 

95-99. xpvczy 'AdpoSiT?], "golden Venus." We have here the ordinary 
epithet bestowed upon Venus, and which appears synonymous with " beau- 
teous" or "resplendent." — piv rjydyety, "led her away as his bride." 
Literally, ''led for himself." — erre! Trope, "after he had bestowed.' 1 '' Trope 
for e~ope, from Trbpo. — earav for eoTr\aav. — at e fiera golglv, &c, "who 
held her among them so completely overcome as to appear to have perished" 
i. e., as to appear a lifeless object. Equivalent to ovrue d~v^o/j.evnv oxjts 
aTTO%eo"d-aL Sokelv. 

100-102. r) d' eirel ovv apiKwro, &c, "but when, then, she respired once 
more, and her mind was collected in her bosom.'" u/nrvvro is the synco- 
pated 2d aor. mid. for ave-vvro, from dvairveo. — afiBXr/dnv yoouaa, 
" mourning with deep-dravm sobs," i. e., deeply sobbing. As regards the 
different explanations given to ci/j.6Xij67jv here, consult the remarks of Heyne, 
ad loc. — "E/crop, eycb dvarnvoc, &c, " oh Hector, oh unhappy me ! to one 
(and the same) destiny were we both then born." yetvofie^ for eyevbp.e-&a. 

Line 105-111. o /z' erpede, &e., " who, ill-fated, reared me, ill- ] 63 
fated, being as yet a little child ; oh would that he had never be- 
gotten me!" Literally, "how he ought never to have begotten me !" o is 
for be, and cxpelAe for expels. Perhaps there is more of melancholy flow, 
if we retain the Greek order in Sva/itopoc alvofiopov, " who reared me, being 
as yet a little child, an ill-fated one, an ill-fated one !" — rvrfibv. Observe 
that tvt&oc appears here as an adjective of two terminations. Hence tvt- 
■&ov for tvt-&7]v, as in 11., 2, 742, we have kXvtoc 'ImTodd/xeLa. — 'Aidao for 
'Atdeo, and this for adov. — yainq for yaiac. — epxecu. Oldest form epxeaai, 
poetic and Ionic epxeat, Attic t-pxei, common dialect epxv- — V ^S °" ^ TL 
vfjmoc avrue, "while our boy, too, is yet so mere an infant." — eaaeat for 
euei. Compare note on epxeat just preceding. — -&dvee for fr&avec. 

113-116. alei toi tovtg) ye, &c, "still, indeed, toil and sorrows will be 
ever his for the time to come." Literally, " will be to this one for his part." 
— uXKol yap oi, &c., "for others will deprive him of the land-marks of 
his fields," i. e., will deprive him of his fields by removing the land-marks. 
aTrovpioGovoLv is for atyopiaovaiv, the Attic opoc being ovpoc in the poetic 
and Ionic language ; and hence acpopi^u becomes in these a-novpifa. — rjfiap 
<P bp&aviKov, &c, " the day that makes him an orphan, causes a boy to be 
deserted by all his companions in years." This is intended for a general 
assertion. The application to Astyanax comes in afterward. Compare 
the remark of Heyne : " ad generates sententias delabitur Andromache." — 
nxdvra d' v7re/xfj.7J/ivKe, &c, " then is he altogether cast down, and his cheeks 
are wet with tears." v-e/ifif/fivKe is the perf. act. of v~-nuvo, with the 
reduplication, for vtz^jivke, and with the first p. doubled for the sake of the 
metre. This is the reading of Toup and Heyne. The common text has 

347 



NOTES ON PAGE 163. 

Page 

163 v-rre/j.vr/fj.vKe, from the same verb, but with v inserted after fi (in 
place of doubling the latter), according to the analogy of vuvv/uvog 
and naAafivalog. This has among its advocates Buttmann and Passow. 
The former reading, however, is by far the more simple and natural of the 
two. 

117-123. dsvouevog, " being in want" for Sso/xEvog. — aveiat, " shall go 
up." The verb eI[il, " to go," and its compounds, are commonly used in 
the present with the signification of the future. — kg Trarpbg eraipovg. The 
preposition kg is here employed for 7rpoc. — dWov fiev x^awVC kpvuv, "pull- 
ing one by the cloak.'''' The genitive of part. — rtiv 6' kl^EnodvTuv, &c, 
" thereupon one of those that have compassionated him offers him, for a brief 
moment, a small-sized cup." We have taken rvr&bv here as an adverb, 
since the idea of smallness is implied in kotvIv itself. Observe the use of 
the aorist kireaxev, as applying to what is accustomed to happen, and hence 
having, in our idiom, the force of a present. The same remark will apply to 
the aorists coming after. — kdinve, "he moistens.'''' Aorist as a present. — 
u[i<j)Lid-a?i7ic, " some one having both parents alive." Compare the explana- 
tion of Apollonius, Lex. Horn., s. v. 6 krf d/u(j)OTepoig role yovevoL -&d?,?Kov, 
fj k<p' (1) a/x'pOTepoc ol yoveic -d-aXkovat. — £CTV(pe7iL^ev, "pushes away." 
Aorist again for the present. — epp' ovtcjc ■ " there, take that, and away with 
thee." The reference is to the blows that have just been inflicted on the 
boy. Hence the clause is equivalent to rovro (i. e., rag Trkr/ydg) ?m6cjv 
sppe. The literal meaning is, "get thee gone, thus," or " away with thee 
to destruction, thus." Observe the graphic force of ovrug, as indicating 
gesture. 

124-132. aveiai, " will return." Observe the change of meaning which 
avd now has in composition. It is here equivalent to the Latin inseparable 
preposition, or, more correctly speaking, prefix, re-. Consult note on verse 
117. — eg unripa. Equivalent to irpbg [inTepa. — 'Acrvdvat;, "my Asty- 
anax /" There is something extremely beautiful in this sudden change 
from general remark to the particular case of her own son. It is the same 
as if she had said, "and this boy is my Astyanax !" — eSegke, "was wont 
to eat" 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. for tj6e, from edo. — iri.ova dnfiov, " the 
rich fat." Observe the accentuation of 6n/i6g here, as differing from that of 
dfjfxog, " a people," &c. — avrdp, " and who." Literally, " but he." — vniu- 
axevtov, "from his childish sports." Literally, "sporting like a child." — 
evdecii', " used to sleep," 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. for r/vde, from ev6o). 
— dyKaki^eaai for dyKaXtai. — fialsuv, "with delicacies." Compare the 
explanation of Heyne, " satiatus opimis cibis." — vvv 6' &v izoXkd Trdtincn, 
&c, "now, however, in all likelihood, will he suffer many things, deprived 
of his father, he, Astyanax, whom the Trojans call so by surname." It 
is more forcible, and, at the same time, more Homeric, to regard 'korvdva^, 
here, not as the nominative to the verb, but as in apposition with a nomi- 
native understood, or rather implied in the verb. — ira-Snai for Trd&n. — otto 
d/j,apTO)v. More literally, "having erred from," i. e., having missed. — olog 
yap. Consult note on verse 35, page 156. — epvoo. The reference now, 
to the end of the extract, is to Hector. 

134-139. alohai Ev"kal iSovrat, "the crawling worms shall feed upon." 
As regards the irregular future edofxai, consult Buttmann, larger Gr. Gr. f 
p. 158, Robinson'' s transl. — ke Kopeaiovrai, " shall have sated themselves" — 
ardp, " meanwhile." — KEOvrat for KEcvrai, from the poetic and Ionic Keo/itat 
for KEifiat. — dXK tjtol rdds Trdvra, &c, "all these, however, xcill I con- 
sume" &c. — ktjMcj. To be pronounced as a dissyllable. — ovdev aoi /, 
348 



NOTES ON PAGES 163 AND 164. 

&c, "being of no use to thee indeed." — aTila npbg Tpuov, &c, 163 
" but yet that they may be an honour unto thee in the presence 
of" &c. Literally, " but to be a source of honour for thee from the Trojan 
men and women," The meaning of the whole passage is this : thy rich 
garments will prove of no use to thee in being burned on a funeral pile, 
since thy body is in the hands of the foe : still, however, I will burn them 
in thy honour in the presence of all. Rich and splendid vestments were 
accustomed to be burned with the corpses of the noble and wealthy, in order 
to impart becoming honour to their funeral rites. 

Line 1-13. l&vg olkov, " straight into the tent." t#i)cishere 1(>4 
taken adverbially, as it often is in Homer, and followed by the 
genitive of the direction. Literally, " straight onward in respect of the 
tent." The tent of Achilles was a hut of fir. Hence the term oIkoc applied 
to it. — r?7, " where," for if. — I&gke for i£e. — kv be fiiv avrbv Evp', " himself 
he found within." Observe the adverbial force of kv. — Katieiaro for kcl- 
■SeivTo, and this for the more common KadrjVTo, or, with the augment, kica- 
SfjvTo. — woittvvov, u were ministering." — veov ajrelnyev, "he had just 
ceased." More literally, " he had lately ceased." — rove Had', " escaped 
the observation of these." — rroXsag for noXkovg. — viae, from an obsolete 
nominative, or, more correctly speaking, theme, vie. — <hc 6' brav avbp', &c, 
11 but as when severe calamity may have seized upon a man" &c, i. e., the 
calamity or evil resulting from some heavy misdeed. — aXkuv e&keto Sij^ov, 
" hath come to the state of others ," i. e., to another state, to a land of stran- 
gers. — dvbpbg kg afvELov, " to the mansion of some wealthy man." Supply 
d£)fj.a. — wc 'Ax^evg ■&d/j.6r}G£v, " so did Achilles wonder." uc for ovruc. — 
■d-eoELdsa, to be read as three syllables. 

16-31. [ivfjaai izarpbg geco, " oh think of thine own father." The ad- 
dress of Priam to Achilles stands unrivalled for true pathos and touching 
simplicity. — oAocJ km yripaoc ovb(b, " on the sad threshold of old age." 
More literally, " the destructive threshold," as referring to the wasting 
away of the physical powers. The epithet b/iobg is here, by a species of po- 
etical usage, applied to oibog in place of yfjpag. — nai ttov, " and perchance." 
— TTEpivaierai, " his neighbours," from TTEpcvaiirng. — ovdi tic egtIv, " nor 
is there any one near." karlv in the sense of 'Kapeariv. — aXk' tjtoi, " but 
yet." — ge-&ev, from geoSev, for gov, the syllable d-sv being an old genitive- 
sumx. — &ovT0c for £wrroc. — arrb T [ poinds, a pleonasm of the preposition, 
as in e£ ovpavb&Ev, verse 19, page 159. — t&v cT ovrtva for tovtuv 6' ovti- 
vd. — rdv uev tto/IAwv, " of the most of these." — virb, "beneath them." 
Taken adverbially. — bg be fiot olog etjv, " but him who was alone to me." 
The term olog, according to the sense, stands in close connexion with what 
follows, and the whole passage is the same in effect as if Priam had said, 
" but him who was alone able to defend my city and its people." Olog can- 
not, of course, mean that Hector was the last remaining son of Priam, since 
there were many sons still surviving. — rbv, " this one," for tovtov. — ktei- 
vag for kuTEtvag. — ajivvbjievov 7repl irdrpng, "fighting for his country." 
More literally, " while warding off' the foe round about his native land," 
i. e., native city. — 'TZtcropa, " my Hector." Observe with what force and 
feeling the name comes in at the close of the sentence. — rov vvv e'cvex', 
"for his sake now." — IvGouEvog, " to redeem him." Observe the force of 
the middle : to redeem him for myself, and in so doing gratify a father's 
feelings. — aXTC alSslo deovg, &c, " oh, then, have respect, Achilles, for the 
gods, and compassion for me," i. e., have respect for the gods, the protect- 
ors of suppliants, and grant my prayer for their sakes and for mine. — avrbv. 

G a 349 



NOTES ON PAGES 164 AND 165. 

Page 

164 Equivalent here to ep,e, the reference being indicated by some ges- 
ture on the part of the speaker. 

165 L INE 32-34. tyo) 6' Kkeeivbrepbg irep, &c, u I, however, am even 
worthier of corn-passion, for I have endured such things as no other 

mortal, dwelling upon the earth, has as yet (endured), to move towards my 
hips the hands of a man who is the slayer of my son." erlrjv governs rola 
understood, while with pporbgxve must supply erXn. The succeeding line, 
dvdpbg naidoyovoLO, &c, has given rise to much diversity of opinion. We 
have adopted, as the most natural, the explanation of Heyne, which is based 
on verse 8, where Priam is said to have kissed the hands of Achilles. In 
the present passage, therefore, x^P' will be for x ei P e i tne accusative dual. 
— tcotl aro/xa for Trpdg arbfia. 

35-42. t£> 6' dpa itarpbc, &c, " and thereupon he excited secretly within 
him a desire of mourning for his father." Literally, " unto him." Ob- 
serve the double genitive yooto narpdc, the latter of which is the genitive 
of the cause, being equivalent in effect to evetca itarpbg. — dipu.fievogxei.pdc, 
&c, " having touched him by the hand, he put away the old man gently 
from him.'''' Observe the force of the middle in dipd/ievog and dnuaaro. — 
r£) 8e /ivnoapsva), the nominative (dual) absolute, followed by distributive 
clauses. — ddcvu, "loudly." — klvatieig. Passive for the middle. — hXKore 
6' avre, " and at other times, in turn." The more usual way is to have an- 
other uXkore. preceding irarepa, just as we have a double uXXore in verse 
57. — opupei, " arose." Pluperfect in the sense of an imperfect. — yboio 
TerdpireTO, " had sated himself with grief." 2d aor. indie, mid., with the 
reduplication, for hrdpireTo, from TepTcu. — dirb -d-pbvov dpro, " he arose from 
his seat." upro is the syncopated 2d aor. mid. for upero, from bpvvfii. — 
Xetpbg, " having taken him by the hand." 

45-53. y 6y, " assuredly now." — dvaxeo, " thou hast endured" for av- 
iaxov. — dvdpbg eg b(p&aXfj.ovg, og, &c, " into the presence of a man (such as 
I am) who have slain," &c. Observe the change from the third person to 
the first, which we have endeavoured to express in English by a paraphras- 
tic version. In the Greek there is supposed to be a gesture at dvdpbg, 
which takes away from the apparent harshness of the transition. — aidypecov 
vv tol yrop, " thou hast, then, an iron heart," i. e., a heart uninfluenced by 
fear, since otherwise thou wouldst not have ventured to come to me. — t&v 
for e&v. — dXyea 6' e/xmjg, &c, "for, afflicted though we be, we vrill never- 
theless allow the sorrows in our bosom to repose there, since there is no 
avail in chilling grief." — &eiv dxvvuevotg, " that they should live exposed 
to sorrow." Compare the explanation of Heyne, " non tarn semper con- 
tristatos, sed obnoxios sollicitudinibus." — avrol 6e r' dandeeg elaiv, " while 
they themselves are free from care." 

54-60. iri'&ot, "vessels." — KaTaneiarac for Karatceivrat. — ovdet from 
ovdag. — dupov, ola diduot, &c, " of gifts, such as he bestows, the one of 
evil, and the other of good." Before natctiv supply erepog fiev. Both icaK- 
£>v and kduv refer to ddopov, for both are neuter, the latter coming from 
eog, d, 6v, another form for hvg, and having in its neuter plural rd kd, whence 
the genitive hdov in the present case ; for in the ancient language the neuter 
plural in a appears to have had the genitive in duv. (Buttmann, larger 
Gr. Gr., p. 71, Robinson's transl.) Jacobs, less correctly, makes eduv 
feminine here, and supplies doaeuv. — du/iitjag, " having mixed them up," 
i. e., the evil with the good : for dva/xi^ag. — dun for dip. The earlier forms 
were Soy and dooy. — Kvperai, " meets with." We have here an old depo- 
nent form. The ordinary verb is nvpo. {Buttmann, Ausf. Gr. Gr., vol. 
350 



NOTES ON PAGES 165 AND 166. 

Page 

ii., p. 177.) — rdv 2,vyptiv, " of the mournful ones alone." Supply 1.65 
fiovov, i. e., without any admixture of good ones. Observe the gen- 
itive of part in \vypdv. — XuSnrdv e&rjKev, " this one he renders exposed to 
misfortune." Supply tovtov, and observe the employment of the aorist to 
indicate what is accustomed to take place, whence it obtains in our idiom 
the force of a present. — koktj j3ov6po)arig, " evil and excessive hunger." 
We have given fiovSpuanc its proper meaning here, in place of rendering 
it, as many do, " excessive" or " consuming care." (Consult Heyne, ad 
loc.) — ovre d-Eolai tetluevoc. In accordance with the early belief that wealth 
and power were favours bestowed by the gods on those whom they delight- 
ed to honour. 

62-67. e7r' av&p&Tcovc. for kv avSpuirotc. — EKEKaaro, " he was adorned" 
pluperf. of tcaivvucu. — ■&euv. Thetis. — d/U,' km nai t£>, " and yet even upon 
him." — ottl oi ovtc iraiduv, &c, " in that there was not at all unto him in 
his halls a race of sons about to succeed him." More literally, "of sons 
that were princes," or, as Damm translates it, " filiorum soboles princip- 
um." — rravaupiov, " destined prematurely to perish." 

Line 68-73. koul^u, " do 1 cherish," i. e., remain by and nourish. 166 
— ukovouev. Not the imperfect, for tjkovouev, but the present, this 
latter tense of anovu being often employed when speaking of past time. — 
baaov AsaSoc avu, &c, "as much land, lying above it, as Lesbos, seat of 
Macar, bounds ; and as much, lying below them, as do Phrygia and the vast 
Hellespont ; of those that dwelt therein they say that thou, old man, wert 
(most) adorned with wealth and sons." With baaov we must supply yrjc: ; 
but when we reach ruv the reference changes from the land to those dwell- 
ing in it. The poet intends to give the whole extent of Priam's kingdom 
from south to north, and to describe the monarch himself as the most dis- 
tinguished among his subjects in wealth and progeny. Macar, son of Ilus, 
colonized Lesbos, and this island is named as the southern boundary of the 
Trojan dominion in its flourishing times. The reference, therefore, in uvut 
is to all the territory lying north of this limit, including, of course, the isl- 
and itself, and evtoc kepyec is equivalent merely to 7reptopifrc. On the 
other hand, Phrygia and the Hellespont are the northern boundaries of the 
kingdom of Priam, at the period to which Achilles alludes, and Kad-virEpd-t 
marks all the country lying to the south. We must be careful, however, 
not to fall into a very common mistake with regard to what is here denom- 
inated Phi -gia, a mistake irom which even Jacobs himself has not been 
saved. The poet does not mean what was called Phrygia at a later day, 
occupying nearly the centre of Asia Minor, and lying at a considerable dis- 
tance to the southeast of the Troad, but he refers, on the contrary, to an 
earlier Phrygia on the shores of the Hellespont, and around Mount Ida. 
The Phrygians, as we gather from ancient writers (Conon, ap.Phot., cod. 
186), crossed over from Europe into Asia, under their leader Midas, nearly 
a hundred years before the Trojan war, and first settled in the spot we have 
just referred to. From this they gradually extended themselves to the 
shores of the Ascanian lake and the valley of the Sangarius. At a later 
period they occupied the country called after them, farther to the south. 
(Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. ii., p. 6. — Heyne, ad loc. — Strab., 12, p. 842, 
Cos.) 

74-78. ettei, " ever since." — avaxeo, " endure it," for ava%ov, 2d aor. im- 
perat. mid. of avexa. — anaxvuEvoc vlog Eijog, " by having afflicted thyself on 
account of thy son." aKaxh\izvoq, without the augment, for aKyxW^voc, 
perf. part, pass., in a middle sense, from aicaxifc. With regard to kfjoc, it 

351 



NOTES ON PAGE 166. 

Page 

256 used to be the custom in Homeric parsing to write the word in 
such a case as the present, where it has a pronominal force, with 
the rough breathing (efjoc), and to regard it as the genitive of an old form 
'ET2 for ioc, " his," which, like other forms of the third person, stood also 
for the second. This served to distinguish it, as was thought, from krjoc, 
the genitive of el5c, " good." This whole doctrine is erroneous. The word 
must never be written with the rough breathing, but always Eijog, and it is 
in every instance the genitive of evg. When it has, as in the present pas- 
sage, a pronominal force, this arises from a usage similar to that by which 
(piXoc so often supplies the place of a possessive pronoun. {Buttmann, 
larger Gr. Gr., p. 97, Robinson's transl. — Id. LeziL, p. 246, s. v. etjoc.) — 
ov6e jj.iv avarycELc, reply, &c, " nor wilt thou raise him up before thou suf- 
fer even another misfortune." The meaning is this : thou canst not, by 
thus sorrowing, raise Hector from the dead. On the contrary, by continu- 
ing to indulge in grief, thou wilt only bring upon thyself some new evil. 
For the effect of this long- protracted sorrow will be to make thee querulous 
and ungentle of temper, careless of all around, and enfeebled both in body 
and mind. — Trd-&n<y&a for ndd-yc. 

80-84. uv [ie no ec tipovov Ifr, " do not yet place me upon a seat." For 
fiy no) fie l£e. Observe the difference of meaning between the active Z£&>, " I 
seat another," and the middle 1^0/j.aL, " I seat myself." — 6<f>pa kev "E/crwp 
keltcli, "while my Hector lies, as is said." Observe the force of kev with 
the indicative. Priam had received the information from Mercury, and 
hence the use of the indicative as denoting his trust in the intelligence. 
On the other hand, kev is added, in order to show that his information is 
derived from others, not from his own personal knowledge. Hence kev 
KTJrai. is inferior, as a reading, to kev KEirai, since it implies too much un- 
certainty. — rd rot (pipofiEV for a trot (pipofiEv. — ov de rtivd'' arcovaio, " and 
mayest thou derive pleasure from these." More literally, " and mayest thou 
benefit thyself from these." 2d aor. opt. mid. of arxovivnyLi. — ettei fie 
TTpcJTOV iaaac, " since thou hast first suffered me to be safe from harm." 
irpurov, if freely rendered, will have the meaning of " previously," i. e., 
may this happen unto thee, since thou hast previously been kind unto me. 
With iaaac (for slaaac) supply auov Etvai, and compare a similar usage of 
kdu in verse 95. Many editions (and among them Heyne's) have an entire 
line after laaaq (from which word they remove the comma), namely, avrov 
te i^toEiv Kal opav <j>doc 7]e7ilolo: It is, however, of very doubtful authen- 
ticity, and we have therefore rejected it with Jacobs. 

86-96. /LtnKETL vvv \£ kpEtitfr, yspov, " irritate me no longer, old man," 
i. e., by thus continually repeating thy request. Many circumstances tend 
to irritate the impetuous Achilles : the impatience, namely, of Priam ; his 
apparent distrust of the good intentions of the Grecian warrior ; his refusing 
to sit at the hospitable board, &c. — u^rrip. Thetis had been sent to order 
Achilles to restore the corpse of Hector (11., 24, 120, seqq.). — aXioio yi- 
povroc, " of the aged sea-god." Nereus. — Kal 6e ce yiyvcJaicu, &c. Ob- 
serve the construction, " and I know thee, too, that some one of 

the gods led thee," i. e., and I know, too, that some one, &c. 

Compare the somewhat analogous Latin phrase, " novi te, qualis vir sis." 
— k'Ad-EfiEv for eX&elv — fiuX TjdcJv, " being very youthful," i. e., though in 
the bloom and vigour of youth. — fXETox^ioaEiE, " have pushed back." — tu, 
"therefore " i. e., seeing that thou hast come hither through the interposi- 
tion of the gods. — hv liXyEOL, " already plunged in sorrows," i. e., already 
excited by grief for the loss of Patroclus, and therefore the more easy to be 
352 



NOTES ON PAGES 166 AND 167. 

Tage 

provoked. Supply bvra after uAyeoi. — prj oe, yepov, ovS* avrbv, 166 
&c, " lest I allow not even thee thyself, old man, to be safe within 
my tents, even though thou art a suppliant, and lest,''' &c. With kdoo 
supply cuov elvai, and compare the note on verse 84. — nal tKernv irep 
kovra, i. e., notwithstanding thy sacred character of suppliant. 

9-8-103. olkolo, ?ieuv wo, &c, "sprang, like a lion, forth from the 
tent.' 1 '' The particle &c, coming after its noun, has the accent, as the tone 
rests upon it. — uAto, 3d sing, of the syncopated 1st aor. mid. 7]?M/inv, from 
a7J.op.ai. — eirovTO for eittovto. — ovc da, "whom." Literally, "whom, 
namely," as in Latin, quos scilicet. — tV for erce. — psru TidrpoKAov ye -&av- 
ovra, "at least after Patroclus vjas dead." Observe the limiting force of 
ye. — oi rb-&\ " they then." — Cyybtyiv for (,vyov, with the old case-suffix, 
called by grammarians <f>i paragogicum. — Avov for eAvov. — lttttovc rjfitbvovc 
re. The horses drew the chariot in which Priam and the herald had come ; 
the mules were harnessed to the mule-car, or wagon, in which were con- 
veyed the presents intended by Priam as a ransom for the corpse of his son. 
— ec d' uyayov K.7]pvna, &c, " and into the tent they led the herald, the caller 
of the aged monarch." KaAijrop is a mere epithet coupled with Krjpvl-, and 
denoting one accustomed to call or summon, rolo is for tov. 

Line 104-111. add 6' km deeppov slaav, "and down on a seat 167 
they placed him." add is for kclt, a shortened form of Kara, the 
r being changed into 6 before the following S\ — elaav, 1st aor. of a defec- 
tive verb. It is commonly, though not very correctly, assigned to e£a. 
All the defective parts were supplied rather from Idpvco. — Hcpeov for ypovv, 
from aipeu. — 'EKTopenc KefaXjjc, " of Hector's head," i. e., of Hector. A 
mere periphrasis for "Enropoc. — /cdcJ cT eAiirov, " they left down, however, in 
it." — x iT ^ va - The corpse was to be arrayed in the tunic, and one of the 
cloaks was to be placed beneath the body, while the other was to be thrown 
over it like a pall. — Tzvuacac, "having covered (with these)." — bun for dti. 
— vbatpLV deepdaac, " having lifted it up and borne it apart." Literally, 
" having lifted it apart." — #d/lov ovk epvaatro, "might not restrain his 
anger," i. e., the anger he would naturally feel, on beholding the mangled 
corpse of his son, and on thinking of the indignities it had experienced from 
Achilles. — ' kxtAfji S 1 bpiv&ein <piAov vrop, " and might stir up the soul of 
Achilles." Literally, "his heart unto Achilles." bpLv&ein is the passive 
for the middle. 

115-121. avrbc rbvy' 'AxcAeiic, &c, "Achilles himself, having raised, 
placed him on a bier, and his companions, together with (the warrior), lifted 
(the corpse) upon the well-polished wagon." In this wagon, as above 
mentioned, the presents had been brought. — <piAov 6' bvb/invev eraipov, 
" and he called by name upon his beloved friend." — \irj /not anvdjiatvifiev, 
" be not angry with me." cK.vbp,aLvep:ev for aKvbp.aivew. The infinitive is 
here used for the imperative. {Matthice, Gr. Gr., § 546.) — al tee ■nvd-nai, 
&c, " if thou perchance mayest hear, though being in Hades." The prose 
form would be kdv (ei av) Tcvdn ev, &c. — col 3 y av eya> nal ruvd', &c, 
" and unto thee, on thy part, will I give a share even of these, as much as is 
fitting." Achilles promises to his departed friend a share of the gifts of 
Priam, intending to consecrate these to him on his tomb. aTrobdaaopat for 
dr:odd<jop.aL, the a being doubled for the sake of the metre. 

123-133. ev&ev dviarn, "from which he had arisen." — roixov tov 
krepov, "against the opposite wall." Literally, "of the opposite wall," 
the genitive roixov being in fact governed by Kkiaph. Observe that irepov 
is here equivalent to evavriov. — roi AeAvrai for croc AeAvrat. — Aexetaci, for 

G g 2 353 



NOTES ON PAGES 167 AND 168. 

Page 

167 %£X £<71 - — ^ a & Vol (fxuvofievrityiv, &c, "and, at the first appear- 
ance of the dawn, thou shalt thyself behold him, bearing him away.'''' 
More literally, " together with the appearing dawn." (paivofXEvn^cv for (j>ai- 
vojihn. — ofeac for cnpei. Compare note on verse 108, p. 163.— nal yap r' 
■qvKOjuog Nt,66n, &c, "for even the fair-haired Niobe, too, was mindful of 
food, though twelve children perished unto her in her halls." The number of 
her offspring is, of course, differently given by different fabulists. (Consult 
Heyne, ad loc.) — arc'' dpyvpioto fiiolo, "from his silver bow." The prep- 
osition refers to something proceeding from the bow, namely, the death- 
bringing arrows. — ovvek' apa Anrol, &c, "because she sought to equal 
herself with the fair-cheeked Latona." Literally, "because, namely ;" apa 
being explanatory here, and analogous to the Latin scilicet. Observe the 
force of the imperfect. icaoKero, according to Passow, is the imperfect 
mid. for iad^ero, from lo~d£o. 

134-139. $fi Soto tekeelv, &c, " she said that (Latona) had borne but 
two, whereas she herself had become the mother of many." $ff for e$t}. 
Observe the change of construction, a dependant clause being changed 
into an independent one. The plain construction would have been, avrrjv 
de iroX'Xovc, scil. tekeelv. — ru d' apa, nal doiu 7rep eovt'', &c, " and yet 
those, though two in number, quite destroyed the whole of these." Observe 
the adverbial force of tnvo. — /cearo for Ikelvto. — ev tyovo), " in the place 
where they had been slain." Compare the explanation of Eustathius, ev 
tQ> -Two), ov k$ovEV-&naav. Others render it, " in their gore." — ovde tlc, 
ijev nard-aipac, " nor was there any one to bury them." tjev for rjv, and 
Karddrpai for KaTa&dipat. — Xaovg de lid-ovc, &c, "for the son of Saturn 
had made the people stones." This is to be taken either literally, or else the 
meaning is, that Jove had made the people unpitying and hard-hearted, who 
therefore refused to the offspring of Niobe the rites of interment. The former 
explanation is the simpler, and, of course, the more Homeric, one. The 
whole legend differs from that of a later day, and is involved in obscurity. 
— 7i d' apa, "and yet she." — etcec Kdjxe daupvxeovoa, "after she had be- 
come weary with weeping." 

1 63 Line 140-143. ttov ev irETpnmv, "somewhere among the rocks." 
TCETpnaiv for niTpaic. — ovpEcriv for bpsoLv. — ev 'LittvIm, " on 
Sipylus." A mountain of Lydia. — b&i <j>aal iS-eucov, &c, "where they say 
are the couches of the goddess-nymphs," i. e., where they say dwell the 
goddess-nymphs. — atr' d/^' , kxe%C>lov kfifaaavTo, " who dance around the 
river Achelous." Observe the use of the aorist here, with reference to what 
is customary or habitual. A difficulty exists respecting the term 'A^eAuiov 
(scil. vSu>p) in this passage. The Grecian Achelous cannot, of course, be 
meant, but some stream of Lydia proceeding from Mount Sipylus. Unfortu- 
nately, however, there is very great doubt whether any Lydian Achelous 
ever existed. It is mentioned, to be sure, in Villoison's scholia, and also 
in Pausanias (8, 38, 7) ; but these authorities are of but little weight amid 
the silence of other writers. The best way is to consider the line an in- 
terpolation. According to one of the scholiasts, the four verses, from vvv 
de 7tou, &c, to ev&a Xl-&oc irsp kovoa, &c, both inclusive, were rejected by 
the grammarian Aristophanes. (Consult Heyne, ad loc.) — ■dedv ek KTjdea 
itegcei, " she digests the woes sent upon her from the gods," i. e., leams to 
endure them, 

145-159. I'KEtTa kev avrE, &c, "after this thou mayest again weep for 
thy son." K%aina^a for tclainc. — iroXvddKpvroc de rot lorai for nolv- 
daupvToe yap oot £orcu. — edepov, from depej. — u[uf>cTcov ei> Kara noofiov, 
354 



NOTES ON PAGE 168. 

Pago 

" attended to it well and in due order.' 1 '' — kpvaavrb re ndvra, " and 1QQ 
drew them all off," i. e., from the spits. — gZtov, "bread." — rpa- 
nety, " over the table." — upsa vslfiev, "portioned out the flesh." — ol d' ctt' 
bveia-&'' erolfia, &c, " they thereupon stretched forth their hands to the pre- 
pared viands lying before them." — kt; epov evro, "had taken away the de- 
sire." Literally, "had sent away." evto is the 2d aor. mid. of Infit. — 
fjToi, "as may well be imagined." — dav/j-a^ 'A^tAA^a, bcooc env, &c, 
" admired Achilles, so great and such as he was," i. e., bvra togovtov, og- 
goc, koX toiovtov, oloc yv. — tieoZcL yap uvra honec, "for, as he sat facing 
him, he resembled the gods" uvra is equivalent here to bvra iavrov. 
Compare the explanation of Heyne, " in conspectu, ex adverso sibi." — bipiv 
aya-&r]v, " his fine mien." biptv is equivalent here to elbog. — creel rdpTcn- 
cav, "when they were satisfied." 

161-167. Tiegov vvv fie r&XLGTa, "let me now lie down very quickly." 
Compare the remark of Eustathius, to be Xegov avrl tov Koi/xyaov. — rap- 
TTUfie-d-a, "we may refresh ourselves." Literally, "delight ourselves." 
Aristarchus is said to have condemned this reading, as inconsistent with 
Priam's character as a mourner, and to have substituted iravatJ/ued-a. The 
objection is too refined. The physical exhaustion of the aged king, who 
had passed so many nights without sleep, and the simplicity of the Homeric 
style, furnish a sufficient answer to the objection of the critic. — ov yap tto, 
i. e., ovtto yap. — [ivoav ogge, "have my eyes closed." — e£ ov, "since." 
The full form is, e/c tov xpbvov, e£ ov. — avlyc kv xbprocai, " within the en- 
closure of my court" i. e., in my courtyard. The avXd here denotes an 
open space or court around a building, Homer always using the term with 
reference to a place open to the air above, km tuv vnaid-puv tottuv. 
Hence the employment of the term nbrcpov, " qua aulam pecudes e stabulis 
eductce per ambulant. 1 " {Heyne, ad loc.) — "kavKavinc Kafrerjna, "have sent 
down my throat." 

170-172. de/W viz' ahS-ovGw tie/ievai, " to place couches under the por- 
tico.^ The couches of guests and strangers were accustomed to be placed 
in the portico connected with the main building. By befivLov is here prop- 
erly meant the frame-work of the couch (what we would call the bedstead), 
with merely a species of mattress upon it, but as yet no couch-coverings, 
or vestes stragula. — -fiyyea nahu izoptyvpea, " beautiful purple coverlets." 
The frfiyoe. appears to have resembled, in some respects, a modern blanket 
or rug. It was of a coarser texture than the Tartyc, and formed, if we may 
so speak, the second substratum of the couch, the sleeper lying upon it. 
The TaixrjTee. were finer than the ^rjyea, and also softer, and were spread 
over these. They were probably of sufficient length to allow of being rolled 
or folded up at one end, and thus answered the purpose of a modern pillow, 
for we read of their being used as a support for the head. (Heyne, ad loc, 
— Terpstra,- Antiq. Hom.,y. 178.) — x^' iva ^ T ' kv&efievai, &c, "and to 
lay, on the top of these, woollen cloaks, with long nap, in which to wrap 
themselves." The x^ivai were meant to supply the place of outer covering. 
The sleepers wrapped themselves in these. — ovlag. The epithet ovlog 
carries with it the associate ideas of a long nap and softness. (Consult 
Heyne, ad II., 16, 224.) — 'ioaod-ai, from evvvjii, 

174-175. kyKoveovaai, " making haste." — kmnspTOfiewv, " in sportive 
tone." Hesychius explains kmKepTO/niov here by kmcKOTZTuv, but Eusta- 
thius somewhat better by [leTpioc x^evd&v. Achilles assumes, on this oc- 
casion, a sportive tone and manner, in order to dispel anv anxiety or alarm 

355 



NOTES ON PAGES 168 AND 169. 

Page 

168 which his words might otherwise have occasioned in the breast of 

Priam. (Compare Heyne, ad loc.) 
Jg9 Line 176-184. EKrog psv 6r/ Ae£o, &c, " lie now without, es- 
teemed old man.'' 1 te£o for XeXs^o, perf. imperat. pass., the redupli- 
cation being dropped. — kire?i-&^aiv for s7reX4ri. — o'Lte \iol alel fiovlag, &c, 
" (of those) who, sitting by my side, always deliberate upon plans, as is 
proper." Supply t&v (i. e., tovtcjv) before o'Lte. — rj &spcg koriv. The 
full form would be, ry odu y diptg eariv. — ruv el tic, ^ if any one of these.'''' 
— avaSTinoLC Tiiaioc venpolo, " a delay in the surrender of the corpse." 
More literally, "a putting off of the deliverance of the corpse." — 'Koaafjpap 
[lejxovac, &c, u for how many days dost thou purpose to celebrate the obse- 
quies of the noble Hector ?" Tcoaafipap is equivalent to izoaag ripipag. — 
p,ipovag, 2d sing. perf. mid. from a form pevu not extant in the present, but 
which is related to jue/uaa, just as yeyova is to yeyaa. (Buttmann, larger 
Gr. Gr., p. 292, Robinson's trans.) — Krepei^e/Ltev for KTspet&iv. — avroc re 
fisvo), &.c, " both I myself may remain quiet, and may restrain the forces.'' 1 
186-193. el juev drj p.' k&Eheig, &c, " since, then, thou wishesl me to 
perform funeral rites for the noble Hector.'''* rd(j)ov is here equivalent, 
as the scholiast well remarks, to icnSeiav. — cjSe ke pot psfav, &c, " by act- 
ing as follows thou wouldst do," &c, i. e., by sanctioning the following 
arrangement, as to the number of days we shall require. — 6c Kara aorv 
kelpE'&a, " how we are shut up within the city." More literally, " pressed 
together" or "pent up." — eeA^etfa, 1st plur. perf. pass, of elltd or eIHio, 
more commonly elTieo or eIXeu. — rrfko^t 6" v\-q a^ipEv, &c, " and that the 
wood (for the funeral pile) is afar, in order to bring it from the mountain." 
More freely, " is far to fetch from the mountain." With agepev (for d^Eiv) 
we may supply hare. — ke yodocpEv, " we will mourn him (if naught pre- 
vent)." Observe the peculiar use of the optative with ke as a softening 
down of the future, and indicating possibility under existing circumstances. 
— SaivvTo. Syncopated form of the optative, for daivvoiro. — rcoTiepi^opev. 
Dorico-poetic form for ■no'KEpiaopEv . Observe the change from the opta- 
tive with ke to the simple future. This tense indicates that the thing to 
which it refers will take place as a matter of course, and strikingly indicates 
the yet unsubdued spirit of the aged king. 

197-200. ettI KapnC), " near the wrist." The reference is to a full 
grasping of the hand. Eustathius calls the attention of the reader to the 
circumstance of the ancients' touching, when they gave a pledge of this 
nature, not the palm of the hand, but the wrist : bpa 6e Kal 6g ov -d-ivapog 
ol dsgtovpEvoi, aTCka Kaprcov, tjtztovto. — tvvkivu <ppEcl prjds' exovrsg, " hav- 
ing many cares in mind." — One of the scholiasts asks how Achilles could 
deliver up the corpse of Hector without the consent of Agamemnon, and 
how he could promise a general cessation of arms on the Grecian side for 
the space of so many days. The answer is an easy one. He could not 
promise a cessation of hostilities in his own right, but he trusted to his in- 
fluence among the other leaders in bringing this about, and he well knew 
how great that influence was. Besides, if they refused to ratify his agree- 
ment with Priam, he could again retire from the war. As to the delivery 
of the corpse of Hector, this lay entirely within the power of Achilles, since, 
by the rules of early Grecian warfare, the victor was allowed either to slay 
and despoil his foe, or preserve his life and sell him as a captive, or receive 
a ransom for his corpse. 
356 



NOTES ON PAGE 170. 



ANACREON.* 
Ode I. 

Page 

Line 1-4. delu Xeyetv 'Arpaoaf, " I wish to tell of the sons of 170 
Atreus," i. e., to tell on my lyre of Agamemnon and Menelaus, 
and the events of the Trojan war. — Kdd/uov, "of Cadmus" i. e., of Cad- 
mus, founder of Thebes, and the wars that prevailed among his descendants. 
The early Theban history was equally rich in mythological incidents with 
the narrative of Trojan times. — // 6dp6irog 6e x f>d a k, &c, " but my lyre 
soinids love alone with its chords." We have given ij 6dp6iToc the Ionic 
form, in place of the common reading a 6dp6iroc, which savours of the Do- 
ric. Mehlhorn has 6 6dp6iroc. 

5-11. f/fienpa vevpa irpunv, " I changed of late the strings" i. e., I had 
recourse to strings that sent forth a louder and stronger sound, and one bet- 
ter adapted to epic themes. — ydov, " began to sing of." — epurac avTetyu- 
vet, " responded only love." Literally, " spoke of loves in reply." — x a ' L ~ 
poire Xolttov rflilv, &c, "farewell, henceforth, ye heroes, for us," i. e., as 
far as I and my lyre are concerned. With these words the poet renounces 
epic themes. 

Ode II. 

1-2. rb p"6dov to t£)v 'Epwrwv, &c, " let us mingle with wine the 
rose, the rose of the Loves." Literally, M the rose which is that of the 
Loves," to podov to bv tuv 'Eowtwp. — dvap.i^Dfiev. We have given this 
reading, for the sake of the metre, in place of the common lection [iit-ufiev. 
— Aiovvffu. The name Aiovvaog in Greek, like Bacchus in Latin, is often 
used by the poets for wine. 

4-11. KpoTucpoicnv dpfioaavrec, " having fitted to our temples." The al- 
lusion is to chaplets of roses. The ancients imagined, that, partly by the 
flowers of which it was composed, and partly by the constriction of the 
chaplet itself, ebriety might be prevented. — d6pd yel&vTec, " laughing 
gayly." — podov elapoc utlnua, " oh rose, favourite of spring." More liter- 
ally, " object of care," i. e., fostered and called into full life and beauty by 
the sunny skies and genial breezes of spring. — nal dsolai. The deities 
particularly meant are Bacchus, Venus, Cupid, and the Muses. — Kv&7J- 
p7jc. The form leLv&ripn for Kv&epeta is unusual, and occurs only in some 
of the odes of Anacreon, and in the 30th Idyl ascribed to Theocritus. — 
p66a GTECjETai naXoic iovhoic, " is crowned with roses on his beauteous curl- 
ing locks." Many of the commentators, with singular want of good taste, 
condemn the dative here, and substitute the accusative, nal.nvc lov2-ovg. 
But the dative alone is correct, the reference being to the chaplet as repo- 
sing on the locks. — Xapireooi for Xdpim, governed by avv in composition. 
The Graces are here very properly chosen as companions for the god of 
love, since every quality that can adorn a female is ascribed by the poets 
to these divinities. 

13-16. napd cole, Aiovvce, onuoic, " near thy shrine, oh Bacchus." 
The cvkoq was the same with the Latin ceila, forming the innermost part 
of the temple, and containing the statue of the divinity. — fiadvuohrzov, 

* For the scanning, &c, consult "Metrical Key" at the end of the notes. 

357 



NOTES ON PAGES 170 AND 171. 

Page 

]_7Q "deep-bosomed." The term j3advKO?nroc refers to the peculiar 
appearance presented by the Ionic female dress, the girdle being 
worn low, the waist being consequently long, and the bosom of the garment 
gathered into large and full folds. This species of dress was generally 
reserved for festal celebrations, and hence the poet alludes to it on the 
present occasion in connexion with the dance in the temple. Compare the 
remarks of Bockh on the term j3ad"vfcvoc (ad Pind., 01., 3, 36), and Pas- 
sow, s. v. (Sa&vKohTroc. — 7re7TVKacrfievoc, "profusely decked." Consult, as 
regards the force of 7rv/cd£cj, the remarks of Valckenaer and Schweighaeuser, 
ad Herod., 7, 197. 

Ode III. 

\*7\ Line 1-5. ireTieia. The ode is addressed to a dove or carrier- 
pigeon, this species of bird being employed in ancient, as in mod- 
ern times, for the rapid transmission of intelligence. When an individual 
went upon a journey of any length, he took carrier-pigeons with him, one 
or more, and when he wished to send back any intelligence with more than 
ordinary expedition, he let a pigeon or dove fly off, with a letter tied to its 
neck ; for the bird, it was well known, would make no delay, being anxious 
to return to its home and young ones. It will be observed that the poet 
here, as if he were unknown to her, questions his own dove concerning 
itself. — tto&ev, no&ev ttotugcu ; " whence, whence art thou winging thy 
way ?" iroraoai is from Tvordo/xai. The common text has nsraaat, where 
the penult must be lengthened by the arsis, unless we double the a with 
Jacobs, and read Tzeraacai, Br u nek and others prefer ireruGcu from ttet- 
dofiai, but this verb is to be regarded rather as a late prose form, whereas 
TTOT&ofiai is employed by both the epic and Attic poets. — irod-ev [ivpov ro- 
govtcjv, &c, "whence, moving swiftly upon the air, dost thou both breathe 
and distil fragrance from such an abundance of odours ?" Literally, " dost 
thou breathe and drop from so many odours'?" Observe the genitive of 
part in pvpov roaovruv. The ancients, observes Madame Dacier, perfumed 
their doves, as the moderns do their lapdogs. 

6-14. tic elc ; ri ooi /ieXei 6e ; " who art thou, and what is thy errand ?" 
Literally, " and what is a care to thee 1" As regards the various conjectu- 
ral emendations of this line, consult Mehlhorn, ad loc. — 'kvanpeov [£ ette/uxjje. 
The reply of the dove here begins, and occupies the rest of the ode. — rbv 
apn ruv dirdvTcjv, &c, "who now rules, and is monarch, over all," i. e., 
who now rules like a monarch over the affections of all. The term rvpav- 
voc is used here in its earlier sense, as equivalent to PacnXsvc. — \ahovaa 
fiLKpbv v[j.vov, " having received a small hymn (in return)." The poet's 
effusions are of so much intrinsic excellence, that even Venus herself pur- 
chases a little hymn with one of her favourite doves ! — dianovC) roaavra, 
"perform such important services as these." There is something very 
pleasing here in the use of roaavra. The dove prides herself on the im- 
portant errands which she has to execute as the messenger of the ardent 
Anacreon. 

16-29. EiuoroTiac KOfi'i^o. Alluding to the letter tied about her neck, 
many of which she carries from time to time. Compare note on verse 1. — 
khev&Epnv ttoltjgelv. Just as masters freed slaves, for faithful and important 
services. — ktjv a<pr) /lie, " even though he may dismiss me." kt)v is for Kal 
hv. — opn re Kal nar" 1 aypovc, " over both mountains and fields." Equivalent 
to tear" 1 oprj re Kal Kar' aypovq. — cj>ayovcrav aypiov re, " eating some wild 
food," i. e., berries, &c. — ravvv, " at present," i. e., Kara rd vvv ovra. — 
358 



NOTES ON PAGES 171 AND 172. 

Page 

atpapirdcacra x^ l ?^ v -> " having plucked it from the hands,'' 1 equiva- 171 
lent to dprruaaaa avrov cnro ruv x £L P uv - — ° v irpoTrivei, " which 
he pledges.'" Literally, "of which he quaffs before me." The ancient 
mode of drinking healths, or pledging, was by first drinking a part of the 
contents of the cup, and then passing the same cup, with what remained in 
it, to another to quaff from. Anacreon and his dove are here pleasantly 
represented in the light of boon companions. 

30-34. Tuovca <T av xopevu, " and having quaffed it, I may perhaps 
dance" i. e., I sometimes dance. Pauw first conjectured av xopevto, which 
has been generally received since his time. Most editors, however, who 
adopt this reading, together with Pauw himself, regard x°P £ vu as the in- 
dicative, and translate av xopevto, " I am accustomed to dance." The par- 
ticle av, however, is most commonly joined with the imperfect indicative, 
sometimes with the aorist, to express a habit or custom ; but the use of av 
with the present indicative is extremely uncertain. (Hermann, Opusc, vol. 
iv., p. 38. — Matthia, Gr. Gr., § 599, e.) It is better, therefore, to regard 
Xopevu, gvgklu^cj, and Katievdu, as so many subjunctives. — avaiaafa. We 
have here given the conjectural emendation of Salmasius, in place of the 
earlier reading GvyKa?*vipu. — KOLfj.ufx.iv7] 6" 1 tV avrco, &c, " and then betaking 
myself to repose, may sleep on the lyre itself." Observe the force of the 
middle in KOifj.cjfj.evn. 

Line 35-37. exeic airavr'," thou hast all (that I can tell thee)." 172 
— "KaXiaripav p? h&yKac, &c, " thou hast made me, oh man, more 
talkative even than the crow." The crow is called by Homer (Od., 5, 66) 
ravvyXcoaaog, "long-tongued," and by Ovid (Am., 3, 5, 22) " garrula" — 
/\.a?uurepav from \d\oc. 

Ode IV. 

1-5. x&idov. We have given here the older form of the vocative, called 
A^oMc, according to the grammarians, and following the iEolic accentuation 
in the nominative ^e/U'dwv. (Compare Mehlhorn, ad Anacr., Od., 12, 2. — 
Hermann, ad Soph., Antig., 39. — Matthia, Gr. Gr., § 74, c.) — krnairf fioX- 
ovcra, "coming every year." — etc atyavToe, "disappearing, thou goest." 
elc from dfit, "to go." — y NelXov, y *m Me/jtpiv, for y k? NslXov, y eirl 
Mefupiv. The reference is to the more sunny land of Egypt. 

6-19. "Tupoc de, "love, on the contrary." — 7to-&oc (5' 6 fiev irrepovTai, 
&.c, " and one passion is just fledging, and another is as yet an egg, while 
a third is already half hatched." irod-oc is here equivalent to eptoc. — fioy 
6e yiyveT* alel, &c, "and there is continually a chirping of the gaping 
young ones." kexvvotov refers to the opening the mouth for food. — 'Ep«- 
Ttdelc , " lovelings." ^poTtdevg now takes the place of tt6-&oc . As regards 
the form 'Epurtdevc itself, compare the remark of Valckenaer (ad Theocr., 
Adon., v. 121), " In pullis animantium designandis devc er at forma velut 
patronymica." — kvovglv, " bring forth." — ri fjrjxoc ovv yevrjrai ; "what 
remedy, then, shall there be ?" i. e., what escape from this evil, fivx 00 * s an 
Homeric term, and answers here to the Latin remedium. (Consult Blom- 
field, ad AZsch., Agam., 2, and B'dhr, ad Herod., 2, 181.) — ov yap g-&evlo 
togovtovc, &c, "for I have no strength of my own to drive away so many 
loves." hKGO^ffGai is the reading of Brunck. It was previously mentioned 
by Pauw, who preferred, however, ev cpoprjGat.. Fischer retains the common 
lection eK^oriGat, which he explains by " clamando exigere ex corde." 
Mehlhorn, in commenting on this interpretation, very correctly calls it tctra 
imago. 

359 



Notes on pages 172 and 173. 

Ode V. 

172 ^~®' ^ a P°f <pavEvroc, " the spring having appeared,'''' i. e., now that 
the spring has come. — p66a j3pvovaiv, " scatter roses all around.'''' 
The verb j3pvo) always carries with it the idea of profusion and abundance, 
and properly applies to plants and flowers of all kinds poured forth richly 
from a fertile soil. Its literal meaning is " to abound," " to be profusely 
decked with," in which sense it commonly takes the genitive, and sometimes 
(as in Anacr., 58, 2) the dative. Its use, on the present occasion, with the 
accusative, is a poetic construction. (Consult Fischer, Ind. ad JEschin., 
Dial. s. v). — dTraTivverai ya7J]vy, f is softening down into a calm." Ob- 
serve the idea of continuance indicated by the dative. — odevei, " proceeds on 
its journey (to other climes)," i. e., is leaving us and departing for the north. 
This passage has been very generally misunderstood, and most commentators 
refer odevec, not to the departure, but to the return, of the crane. The true 
state of the case, however, is as follows : the cranes, originally northern 
birds, spend the winter in southern lands, appearing there about the end of 
autumn, but they prefer the summer of the north, since a moderate degree 
of temperature appears to agree with them best. The period of their de- 
parture for the north is the commencement of spring. (Compare the remarks 
of Madame Dacier, ad loc, and Dictionnaire des Sciences Naliirelles, vol. 
xix., p. 518, seqq.) 

7-10. atyeTiibc 6* ela/xipe Tltuv, " then, too, the sun is wont to shine bright- 
ly." Observe the force of the aorist, in denoting what is customary, or 
wont to happen. — dovovvrai, " are dissipated." The dark clouds of winter, 
obscuring the beams of the sun, are now dispelled by the radiance of spring, 
before which they flee, as if unable to endure its brightness and beauty. — 
ra (3porC)v <5' eXauipev spy a, " the labours of men also are conspicuous to the 
view," i. e., the incipient labours of agriculture. Observe again the peculiar 
force of the aorist in referring to what is wont to happen. The term epya is 
here applied peculiarly to agricultural labours, just as labores is often used in 
Latin. Compare the remark of Schweighaeuser, Lex. Herod., s. v. " ra 
epya sunt opera rustica, agri culli arva." Consult also Gravius, ad Hes., 
Op. et D., v. 409. — KapiroTm yala Trponvirrei, " the earth is protuberant with 
fruits." This line is manifestly spurious, and appears to have arisen from 
some various reading of the succeeding verse. Madame Dacier, in com- 
menting on the line that follows after, observes with great na'iveti, " Avant 
ce vers il y en a un que je n'ai pas explique, parce qxCil n'est point Grec, 
et quHl est meme ridicule, comme mon pere Va remarque." To this, " le 
citoyen Gail" rather ungallantly replies : " Ce vers, quoi qu'en disent les 
deux Dacier, rCest nullement ridicule : npoKvizreiv signife prominere, porter 
la fete en avant" Gail appears to confound, here, the father of the learned 
lady with her husband. Faber, Brunck, Mcebius, Degen, &c, all regard 
the line as either spurious or else needing emendation. 
\73 Line 11-14. Kapnbc kXaiag TrponinrTei, " the fruit of the olive 
swells forth." — Bpouiov GTe^erai to vaua, " the liquor of Bacchus 
is crowned," i. e., then for the first time, since the departure of summer, is 
the wine-cup encircled with garlands, for then first appear the early flowers. 
The ancients were accustomed to crown their goblets with wreaths of flow- 
ers, on festal occasions. In the season of spring, moreover, the wine of the 
previous autumn had become mellow, the period of winter having intervened. 
Compare Virgil's " mollissima vina" (Georg., 1, 341), and consult Heyne, 
ad loc. — Kara tyvXkov, Kara icTitiva, " along the leaf, along the bough, the 
fruit flourishes, having pulled them down." We have here a most -con- 



NOTES ON PAGES 173. 

troverted passage, on which almost every editor has exercised his 173 
ingenuity in the shape of an emendation. We have given the 
Greek of the ordinary text, and have assigned it what appears to be the 
plainest and most natural interpretation. The aorist Tjv&iae refers to what 
is customary, or wont to happen, and hence has in our idiom a meaning like 
that of the present. 

Ode VI. 

3-5. aXK ETp<*)&7] tov SuktvIov, " but was stung in his finger." Lit- 
erally, " was wounded." erpd)-&n from TiTpuaKO. — vtarax'&elg rag x tl 9 ac i 
io?„6'Avl-£v, " having struck his hands together (with the pain), he screamed 
aloud." Trarax'&dc is the passive for the middle. We have followed here 
the reading of Mehlhorn. The common text has a full stop after erpu&n in 
the third line, and gives the fourth and fifth as follows : 

rov ddnrvliov de Sax&tic 

rac x£ip°S> 6)h6Xv%e, 
" and having been bitten as to the finger of his hand, he screamed aloud." 
Brunck, justly regarding rag X E ?P 0C as an awkward pleonasm after Sdnrvlov, 
corrects the text, as we have given it, except that he reads nard^ag where 
we have preferred Trarax'&elg. This latter form seems a simpler and more 
natural change from the de dax&elg of the common text. 

6-] 6. dpauuv de nal neTaad-elg, " then, running and flying. " Baxter 
makes a singular comparison here : " hoc est, anseris ritu, quo velocius 
properarei, currendo volavit, et volando cucurrit." — ireraodeig, passive for 
the middle. — bTiula, u I am undone.'''' — nu-nodvfjOKtj for nal a-nod-vrjanu. — 

i] 6' elirev. The common text gives the Doric d for rj el to aivrpov 

novel, &c, " if the sting of the bee pains (so much)." novel is here used, 
in an unusual signification, for the transitive ?\,vrrel. — kovovglv, " do they 
suffer?'' Literally, "labour," i. e., with anguish. In close construction, 
supply toaovroi before tzovovglv. 

Ode VII. 

1-4. fcaKapt^ofiiv ae, rerrt^, "we deem thee happy, oh cicada." Ac- 
cording to Dodwell (Class. Tour, vol. ii., p. 45) the tettix, or cicada, is 
formed like a large fly, with long transparent wings, a dark brown back, and 
a yellow belly. It is originally a caterpillar, then a chrysalis, and is con- 
verted into a fly late in the spring. Its song, which it makes with its wings, 
is much louder and shriller than that of the grasshopper, as Dodwell terms 
it. The ancient writers, especially the poets, praise the sweetness of its 
song, and Plutarch says that they were sacred to the muses. According to 
./Elian (H. A., 1, 20. — 11, 26), only the male tettix sings, and that in the 
hottest weather. Dodwell says, that nothing is so piercing as their note, 
nothing, at the same time, so tiresome and inharmonious. And yet, notwith- 
standing this, the song of the cicada may easily have charmed the Greeks, 
from the association of ideas, since it never occurs but in the most lovely 
summer-weather. The tettix is extremely common in the south of Italy. 
It is found also in the United States, being called, in some parts, " the har- 
vest-fly," and in others, very erroneously, "the locust." — on devdpeuv hw' 
aKpov, &c, " because, having sipped a little dew, thou singest (enthroned) 
on lofty trees, like a king." The tettix has a sucker instead of a mouth, 
by which it lives entirely on liquids, as dew and the juices of plants. 

7-11. ^d)7rd(Ta for nal bnboa. Some editors, and among them Jacobs, 
give the less correct form x' bnooa. (Consult Buttmann, larger Gr. Gr., 
Hh 361 



NOTES ON PAGES 173 AND 174. 

Page 

173 P' ^' n ' ^' Robinson's transl., and Ellendt, Lex. Soph., vol. i., 
p. 898.) — tipai, "the seasons." Brunck prefers v?.ai, "the 
woods," on very slight authority, and is followed by Degen and Moebius. 
The more correct accentuation is undoubtedly vXat. With regard to the 
superiority of opai, as a reading here, consult Mehlhorn, Prolcgom., § 4. — 
and findevoc rt fiTiarcrciv, " by no act (of thine) injuring anything.'''' 
anb findevoc, as Jacobs well explains it, is equivalent here to /xndevl epyu, 
the preposition diro with its genitive being often employed instead of the 
dative of the instrument. (Consult Matthia, Gr. Gr., <J 573. — Bernhardy, 
Wiss. Synt., p. 224.) The common way of explaining this clause is, " inju- 
ring nothing belonging to any one." Literally, " injuring something from no 
one." — tiepeoc yhvuvg npotyrjTnc, "sweet harbinger of summer.'" Madame 
Dacier thinks that Anacreon has here put the summer for the spring. Not 
so. The tettix begins to sing late in the spring, and may therefore well be 
regarded as the precursor of summer. 

274 Line 15. to 6e yrjpac ov ae reipei, "old age, too, wastes thee 
not away." Anacreon here has reference to the fable of Titho- 
nus, the favourite of Aurora, who having wished for immortality, without 
having asked, at the same time, for perpetual youth, became so decrepit that 
Aurora, out of compassion, changed him into a tettix, because this insect, 
as the ancients believed, laid aside its skin every summer, and renewed its 
youth. Lucretius (4, 56) alludes to this circumstance in a beautiful simile. 
The truth is, that the tettix, or cicada, like all the other species of the 
gryllus, though existing but for a single season, since it dies at the close 
of the summer, casts its skin in the same manner as the caterpillar, and de- 
posites in the fields a membrane so accurately true to its entire shape, that 
it is often mistaken, at first sight, for the tettix itself. (Consult Good, ad 
Lucret., I. c.) 

16-18. croft, "skilful insect," i. e., insect skilled in song. The epithet 
crocpoc is often applied to the votaries of the Muse. — ynyevrjc, "offspring of 
earth." Observe, in this and aKad-rjc, the intermingling of nominative 
forms with vocatives. There is nothing very unusual in this, since the 
nominative often supplies the place of the vocative. With regard to the 
term ynyevrjc, itself, it may be remarked, that the Athenians, in order to 
show their indigenous origin (for they boasted that they were avrox'&oveg, 
that is, sprung from the soil of Attica), used to wear golden cicadse, in the 
shape of clasps, for keeping up the hair of the head behind, on its being 
gathered into a knot. (Thur.yd., 1, 6.) — aira-d-rjc, " exempt from every mal- 
ady." Literally, "impassible," or "free from suffering." The reason of 
this is assigned by the poet immediately after in the word avaLfxoaapKE, 
" of bloodless flesh." The absence of red blood, according to the bard, oc- 
casions the absence of every malady. Insects are not furnished with red 
blood, but their vessels contain a transparent lymph. This last, in the 
eyes of the poet, resembles the ichor (fowp) of the gods, and therefore as- 
similates the tettix, in its freedom from suffering, to these celestial per- 
sonages. 

Ode VIII. 
2-4. xopevTrjv. We have retained this form with Mehlhorn, in place of 
the Doric x°P eVT ^ v t unnecessarily preferred by Brunck, Baxter, and some 
more recent editors. — rpixac yipwv \iiv horiv, &c, "he is old indeed as to 
his locks, but in spirit he is young." rpixac and <f>p£vac are accusatives of 
nearer definition, where some supply /card. 
362 



NOTES ON PAGES 174 AND 175. 

BION. 
I. 

Page 

Line 1-2. Aldfa tov "Adoviv, &c, "I mourn Adonis, the 174 
Loves join in the lament." Adonis, the favourite of Venus, was 
slain by a wild boar in hunting. His death was commemorated in an an- 
nual festival called "Adovia. ■ The cry of mourning employed on this oc- 
casion, namely, at al tov "ASoviv, here assumes a poetic garb, aidfa rov 
"AdovLv. — upeat, Doric for bpeoi. Bion wrote in what is called the new 
Doric, which approximates closely to the softness of the Ionic. — finpov 
bdovTi XevKti "Xevkov, &c, "wounded in his white thigh by a tusk, a white 
tusk." finpbv is here the accusative of nearer definition. One of the ed- 
itors of Bion, in order to avoid what he considers an unbecoming play 
upon words, suggests TivypCi for 2,evK(b. If any change, however, be need- 
ed, it is that of bdovri, at the end of the second line, into "Aduvcc, so as 
to have the proper name twice in the same verse. This is the conjec- 
tural emendation of Ruardi, which is commended, though not adopted, by 
Valckenaer. 

3-9. nai Kvrrpiv avid, &c, " and, feebly breathing, Jills Venus with an- 
guish," i. e., by his feeble breathings, as life is passing away. — elderat, 
" trickles." Poetic form for XeiSerat. — x i0V ^ ac /caT « cap/cog, " down along 
his snowy flesh.'''' — vapurj, " grow heavy." 3d sing. pres. indie, act. oivap- 
Kao). In Doric vapicdei is contracted into vaptcy, instead of vapna. This 
Doric contraction remains in several verbs, even in Attic, as £rj, dirprj, &c. 
— nal to fiodov §evjel, &c, " and the rosy hue of his lip flees away." tu, 
Doric for tov. — du(j)l de ttjvu, &c, "while around that lip dies also the 
kiss, which Venus will never relinquish." rrjvw, Doric for ejeeiva, and 
■&vdo-net to (pilaua for -&vrjaKei to <j>iXnfia. The broad a was the favourite 
letter of the Dorians. — to ut/ttote for o utjttote. — nal ov &ovtoc, " even 
when dead." £6ovtoc for C,{bvroc. — 6 uiv ■frvdoKovT* ktyikaazv, " who kissed 
him as he died." 6 is here for be, and not, as some maintain, for otl. The 
forms fivdoKovT' e<j>ilaaev are Doric for tivqcncov? etyikwcev. 

10-16. al al Tav Kv&epetav, " alas ! alas! for the goddess of Cythera." 
The accusative of exclamation is in fact dependant on some verb under- 
stood, the emotion with which the words are uttered naturally giving rise 
to elliptical modes of speech. In the present instance we may supply ald^u. 
— wc Ioev, (be evonoev, &c, " when she saw, when she considered, the in- 
curable wound of Adonis." — uapaivouevu ire pi unpti, " around his wasting 
thigh" — Tidxeae duTVETaaaaa KivvpsTO, u having stretched out her arms, 
she exclaimed in a mournful tone." Tzdxeac is Doric for 7rf%eag, and du- 
TTETaaaaa poetic for dvaTTErdaaaa. In KivvpETO the augment is dropped. 
— ueivov, " stay but for one moment." Observe the force of the aorist, as 
indicating momentaneous action. — klxeio), poetic for Ki%6a, pres. subj. — &c 
ce TzepLTTTV^G), &c, " that I may but for one moment fold thee in my em- 
brace, and blend my lips with thine." The aorist again has its peculiar 
force. TrEptTTTvt-u, 1st aor. subj. act. of TtEpnrTvaao). — uaicpbv, "afar." — 
epxeat for epxet, in the common dialect epxv- Consult note on line 108, 
page 163. 

Line 17-19. (3 ad 1X7} a. Referring to Pluto. The accusative, 175 
here, depends on etc that precedes. This preposition is frequently 

363 



NOTES ON PAGE 175. 

17t) found with persons in the place of npog. — d de rd'kawa, &c, 
" but I, the wretched one, live, and am a goddess," i. e., live, and 
shall ever live, d is Doric for r). The full clause is kyd> de a roXaiva. — 
£c)o), poetic for £w. — hfifxl, ^olic and Doric for elfxl. — Hepoe(}>6va, Doric 
for Tlepoetyovr]. — top kp-bv ttoglv, " this my spouse.' 1 '' Observe the de- 
monstrative force of rbv, equivalent here to tovtov tov. — eggI yap avra, &c, 
"for thou, thou art far more powerful than I ; and everything fair de- 
scends unto thee?' 1 Doric for elc yap air?}. There is something beauti- 
fully emphatic in the use of avra here (literally, " thou thyself"), and 
which we have translated by the double pronoun. It portrays briefly but 
forcibly the anguish of Venus at her own comparatively powerless state, 
and at the superiority enjoyed, in this respect, by the queen of Hades. — irol- 
Tlov, poetic for iro\v. — eg ge for npoc ge. Consult note on (3aGi?i7~]a, at the 
beginning of this paragraph. 

21-23. TpLTcoftare, Doric for Tpirco-d-nTE. — rr6-&og de \jlol, &c, " and my 
love has fled, on a sudden, like a dream.'" Observe the quickness of action 
indicated by the aorist. By irodog is here meant, in fact, not love itself, 
but the object of one's love. This explanation will save the necessity of 
Valckenaer's proposed correction of the text, namely, ixoGig for tto&oc .— 
KeoToc oloXs, " the cestus has perished," i. e., has lost all its potency. 
The cestus was the mysterious cincture of Venus, and all-powerful in kin- 
dling the softer emotions. (Compare Horn., II., 14, 214, seqq.) Her grief 
for the loss of Adonis will deaden, for the future, all desire, on the part of 
the goddess, of arraying herself in the habiliments of loveliness. — ri yap, 
To?i/u,npe, Kvvdyetg ; &c, " for why, oh rash one, didst thou engage in the 
hunt ?" The abruptness with which the sentence begins is strikingly in- 
dicative of emotion on the part of the goddess. We have retained the 
common reading nvvdyeic, being the Doric for Kvvrjyeig, and this last the 2d 
sing, imperf. indie, for ettvvf/yeic. Valckenaer proposes the following lec- 
tion for this and the succeeding line : ri ydp, Toljuripe Kvvays, Kalbg euv 
toggovto pspnvag -d-npcl nahateiv ; Brunck reads ejuetvac, in the sense of 
sustinuisti, but makes mention also of hp-r/vao (from Theocr., 24, 31) as a 
lection that might be introduced here, and this last is given by Jacobs, 
whose example we have followed. — naXbg euv toggovtov Ejurjvao, &c, 
" (why), being so beautiful, didst thou madly desire to contend with savage 
beasts 1" Supply ri, from the previous line, before naTibc euv. "We must 
join here, in construction, toggovtov with Ka?,bg, not with bprjvao. So in 
Sophocles, Trach., 1107, prj togovtov ug ddnvn •d-v/nu dvGopyog, i. e., tog- 
ovtov dvGopyog. The form toggovtov in our text is equivalent to eg togov- 
to. — h[x.rjvao, poetic for kfiijvo), 2d sing. 1st aor. indie, mid. of [xaivid. 

26-28. d Ua<f>la, "the goddess of Paphos," i. e., Venus, d is Doric 
for r). — rd ds ndvra, &c, " and all these become flowers upon the earth," 
i. e., the tears of Venus and the blood of Adonis are converted into flowers. 
The expression rd de iravra is equivalent to rd de ddupva nal to alfia. — 
ttotI, Doric for rrpbg . — rdv dve/uuvav, Doric for ttjv dve/nuvnv. The anem- 
one, or wind-rose, has its name from the Greek word dvefiog {"wind"), 
either because, according to Pliny (21, 23), it never opens except when the 
wind blows ; or because, as Hesychius states, its leaves are most easily 
scattered by the wind (raxsog vtzo dve/xwv <f)$£Lp6p,£vov). With this last 
agrees the account of Ovid (Met., 10, 738, seq.). 

" Namque male harentem, et nimia levitate caducum 
Excutiunt idem, qui prastant nomina venti." 
The general opinion of the learned inclines to regard the anemone of the 
3.64. 



NOTES ON PAGE 175. 

Pig* 

classic writers as the anemone coronaria of the botanists. Some, 175 
however, are in favour of the Adonis cestivalis, and among the 
number is Sprengel. (Hist. Rei Herb ., 1, 34.) The question is a difficult 
one to decide. According to Dioscorides, there were two kinds of anem- 
one, the wild and the cultivated. (2, 207.) The cultivated kind was 
very variable in the colour of its flowers, these being either blue, violet, 
purple, or white ; whereas the wild kind had merely a flower of purple hue. 
This may serve to explain the discrepance in the poetic legends respecting 
Adonis, some writers, like Bion, making the anemone to have sprung from 
the tears of Venus ; and others, like Ovid, from the blood of her favourite. 
The reference may be, in the one case, to the white flower of the wind-rose, 
in the other to that of purple hue. (Consult Sibthorp, Flora Grceca, 1, 375. 
— Fee, ad Plin., I c.) 

30-34. nr/KET^ hi Spv/uolat, &c, "no longer, oh goddess of Cyprus, 
mourn for thy loved one in the woods ; there is (here) a goodly couch 
(prepared for him) ; there is (here) a bed of leaves ready for Adonis." At 
the celebration of the Adonia, an image of the favourite of Venus was rep- 
resented as reclining, in death, on a bed of state. (Theocrit., 15, 125, 
seqq.) It is to this custom that the line contains an allusion. Luzac, 
without any necessity, conjectures Icrd-" 1 diraTia criBac. — dya-d-d, Doric for 
uya-&Tj. — nalbe vekvc ola natievSov, " though dead, he is beautiful as one 
that sleeps.'''' — kekTiLtcli, " lies." Literally, " reclines." Passive for mid- 
dle. — KELpapevot, xairac £7r' , A6cjvl5i, " having shorn their locks on account 
of Adonis." Cutting off the hair of the head was one of the usual acts of 
mourning among the Greeks. The hair thus cut off was sometimes laid 
upon the corpse (II., 23, 135), and from this may have arisen the meaning 
of kiri in such cases as the present, where the idea of placing the shorn locks 
upon the dead body appears to lie at the basis of the expression. Thus 
Higtius, in his beautiful trochaics, renders the line as follows : " Luteos po- 
nunt capillos, triste donum mortuo." 

35-37. x& ^ v ocotuc, &c, " and one trampled upon his arrows, and 
another upon his bow, while a third broke his well-winged quiver," i. e., 
and one, trampling under foot, broke his arrows, &c. Literally, " and one 
went upon his arrows," where observe the continued action indicated by the 
imperfect, x& ixhv biarcjc is for nal 6 fiev blarovc, the Dorians using 6c for 
ovg in the termination of the accusative plural.— 6c be for 6 be. The article 
appears here under one of its earlier forms, which was afterward appropri- 
ated exclusively to the relative. Poetic usage, however,, as in the present 
instance, often recalled the form be for 6, and Plato in prose very frequently 
employs the phrase 7} <5' bg, " said he," for 6 6' sfy-n. — evirrepov. An epithet 
applied to the quiver as the receptacle of the feathered arrows. — dye, Doric 
for rjye, imperf. of dyo>., or, more correctly speaking, ayvvfii, " to break." 
As regards the whole passage, compare the language of Ovid (Am., 3, 9, 7) 
in lamenting the death of Tibullus : 

*' Ecce, puer Veneris fert eversamque pharetram 
Et fractos arcus, et sine luce facem." 

38-40. tXvae. A momentary act, and, therefore, requiring the aorist. 
—XP VG£i0iC I ' or XP va ^ OLC y an d tn ^ s f° r XP V(y °Z c -~~- ( l )0 P£V (yiv f° x tybpnaiv, from 
<popsnfii for (j)6pv/u. Some branches of the Doric dialect formed the 1st 
pers. sing. pres. indie, of many common verbs in^t instead of u, and likewise 
the 3d sing, in at. (Buttmann, larger Gr. Gr.,p. 220, Robinson's trans.) 
Hence Qopv/u is for Qopio), and tybpnoL for (popel. The attachment to forms 
H h % 365 



NOTES ON PAGE 175. 

Fage 

175 m l 11 ** nowever > was st iU more marked in ^Eolic Greek. — Trrepv- 
yeaatv for nrepv^tv (i. e., irrepvyeat, nrepvyat, nrepv^t). — ava- 
ipvxei, "fans." Literally, " cools." 

41-44. avrav. Lennep conjectured at at in place of avrav, and Brunck 
admits the emendation into the text. Jacobs thinks we ought to read 
navrav, i. e., nat avrav, the Loves mourning not only for Adonis, but also 
for Venus herself. This, however, is sufficiently implied in avrav, without 
the need of any connective. — eaSeae "kafjtivdda iraaav, &c, " Hymen has ex- 
tinguished every torch upon the thresholds, and has untwined (and cast from 
him) the marriage crown." Literally, " has opened the marriage crown." 
There is a double idea conveyed, in fact, by the verb k^eirsraaae, not only 
of untwining, but also of casting away, and hence Valckenaer renders it, 
" coronam resolutam projecit." So Higtius, " nuptialem nunc coronam 
spur git irata manu." Nor has Voss failed to express the same meaning, 
" und die verm'dhlende krone zerstreut." The meaning intended to be con- 
veyed by the whole passage is striking and beautiful : the torches, by the 
light of which the bride was wont to be conducted from the dwelling of her 
parent to that of the bridegroom, and to the threshold of the nuptial chamber ; 
the crown, the symbol of union, worn, not only by the married pair, but 
also by their attendant train ; and the song of marriage itself ('Y/Ltav, w 
"Xfjtevate !), all these cease to exist on the death of Adonis. — ovksti & 
'T/uav, &c, "no longer is the song of 'Hymen, Hymen,' sung; ' alas I 
alas V is chanted." The funeral dirge succeeds the bridal song. — aetdo- 
fievov for ado/isvov. 

45-47. tikaiovrt, Doric for Kkaiovat. Observe the analogy between the 
Latin 3d pers. plur. in -unt, and the Doric termination in -ovrt. — r£> Ktvv- 
pao, Doric for rov Ktvvpov. Adonis was the fabled son of Cinyras, king 
of Cyprus. — icai /u,tv eTzaeidovatv, "■ and seek by their strains to charm him 
back unto life." The verb eiraetdo has reference properly to magic rites 
and incantations, and is here beautifully employed in this sense. (Compare 
Theocrit., 2, 91, and consult Blomfield, Gloss, ad JEsch., Prom. Vinct., 180, 
s. v. enaotdTJ.) — 6 tie ctytatv ov% vizaicovei, " he, however, obeys them not," 
i. e., yields not to the sweet influence of their strains. The common read- 
ing is enaKOvet, for which we have not hesitated to substitute, with Jacobs, 
vnanovet, as recommended by Valckenaer. — ov fidv, et /c' h-&elot, &c, " no, 
indeed, even if he should wish so to do ; for Proserpina leaves him not free," 
i. e., he will not, at their invocation, return to the upper world, even if the 
draught of Lethe should lose its influence, and he himself should feel in- 
clined to listen to the call, for Proserpina now holds him as her own. The 
common text has ov jxdv ovk kdeTiet, which Jacobs retains, making ovk k&£- 
"ket equivalent to dvaiverat. The meaning will then be, " he does not, in- 
deed, refuse (so to do)," as in Latin, non quod ipse nolit. This construc- 
tion of the second ovk, however, appears to us extremely harsh, if not actu- 
ally inelegant. Koen suggested, ov fidv, o/c/c' ktieXet,. of which Brunck and 
Valckenaer both approve, except that the latter changes eyelet to kdt.loL. 
This reading, however, appears to us deficient in spirit. We have adopted, 
therefore, the emendation of Higtius, ov fidv, et k' e-&elot, as decidedly the 
best that can be offered. The version of Eobanus accords with this : " Quas, 
et si cupiat, Stygia non audit ab umbra :" as does that of Voss : " Nein 
doch, ob er auch wollte ;, Persefone loset ihn nimmer!" — rKvpa, Doric for 
Kopa. 

It 
1-3. 'It-evrac, Doric for t£en7%. — nu>poc h Doric for Kovpog.-^dwdpdr 
366 



NOTES ON PAGES 175 AND 176. 

Page 

tvrt, Doric for devdprjevri. — rbv drcorpoirov eidev "Epura, " saw 1 75 
Love, that being whom all should avoid.'''' The terra inroTponov 
is here equivalent to the Latin abominandum. So we have in Sophocles 
(Ajax, 602), top d-Korpoixov ai(hj/iov "Aidav, where one of the scholiasts 
remarks, rbv airoTpoirov, fjyovv rbv diToarpopJg nal cnzoTpoTiaafiov 
u%iov. Compare Sophocles, CEdipus Tyr., 1314. — eodofievov, Doric for 
££6/uevov. — irvtjoto for ttv^ov. — ttotl, Doric for Trpbg. — evoaae, Doric for 
kvorjoe. 

Line 4-6. cbvena drj, " because, forsooth.'''' uvena is Doric for 176 
ovvena. — rcjg nahdfiuc aua' txdvraq, &c, "joining, at one and 
the same time, all his rods to each other.''' rue KaTtdficog is Doric for rovg 
naXdfxovc., and dXKd'koioL Doric for dXTirj^oig. The reference is to catch- 
ing birds by means of rods smeared with birdlime. This mode of capture 
is commonly employed against small birds merely ; and hence the young 
fowler on the present occasion, believing that he has met with a bird of 
more than ordinary size, prepares to use all his rods at once. — ra real ra 
rbv "Epwra, &c., "watched Cupid, having darted in this direction and in 
that," i. e., who kept darting, &c. ra ml ra is Doric for ry ml ry, where 
we are to supply odd) ox x<*>pa. — fierd^jxevov, syncopated 2d aor. part, middle, 
with the soft breathing (in alfievov), from fie&dXXopat. (Buttmann, larger 
Gr. Gr., p. 266, Robinson's transl.) 

7-11. x& f° r Kai o. — ivztf oi rekoq, &c, "because no end (of this) 
appeared to him." Literally, " met him." hex', before an aspirated 
vowel for evena, has here the force of ovvem. (Schneider, Worterb., s. v.) 
In a strict, literal translation, however, evena retains its proper meaning, 
and the clause following after supplies the place of a genitive. — drrdvrn, 
Doric, for d-nr/vra, 3d sing, imperf. indie, act. of dnavrdo). (aTTjvrae, dizrjv- 
ra, Doric andvrr], dropping the augment.) — izor' dporpea. The form ixor' 
is by apostrophe for ixorl, and this Doric for ivpbg. — rdvde rexvav, " this 
art," i. e., of ensnaring birds by birdlime. Doric for rrjvde rexvnv. — nal 
Xeyev avrti, " and mentioned the circumstance to him." Xeyev for eXeyev, 
augment dropped, — detgev for edeifrv. — nivn<je for eKivnae. — nal dfteWero 
Tralda, "and replied unto the boy." Literally, "and answered the boy." 
There is no need whatever of supplying npoc here to govern the accusative, 
as some do. The case depends at once upon the verb. d/ieWero for ijjiei- 
6tro. Observe the peculiar force of the imperfect, and the slow and im- 
pressive manner which it indicates on the part of the speaker. 

12-16. (peiSeo rag -d-fjpae, &c, " refrain from the hunt, and approach 
not this winged creature here." tyeideo is for (peldov, and rag Doric for 
rrje. — ec rode, in the sense of 7rpoc rode. — r&pveov epxev for to bpveov 
ipxov. — <pevye /uaicpdv, "flee far away." Supply 666v. — evrl, Doric for 
harl. — eaan for eery, Attic eaei, 2d sing. fut. of el/ui. — eiabna p.rj [iiv 'fTinc, 
"as long as thou shalt not have taken him." — dwd'Auevog, syncopated 2d 
aor. part, mid., with the soft breathing (uhfievog), from atydXkoficu. — avrbg 
a<f>' avrti, "himself, of himself ," i. e., moved by his own impulse, avru is 
for avrov, and this for eavrov. — ne<paldv eirl aelo tca-frigei, " will alight upon 
thy head." A figurative expression, for "will occupy thy every thought." 
Kefyaldv, Doric for Ke^alqv, aeto- for gov, and m&tljet Doric for nad-iest.. 
The Dorians change the future in ao), with the short penult, into £u>. 

III. 
1-2. elapog " Mvpaov, &c, "in spring, oh Myrson, or in winter, or 
autumn, or summer, what is pleasing unto thee J and what one (of these 

367 



NOTES ON PAGE 176. 

Page 

^76 seasons) dost thou wish to come more than the rest?" elapoc, 
Xetparoc, &c, are the genitives of part of time, elapoc for eapoc. 
— Qd-tvoiriopov. The (p-d-tvoKupov of the Greek writers was, strictly speak- 
ing, the latter part of autumn, from the rising of Arcturus to that of the 
Pleiades. The Grecian year was commonly divided into seven parts, eap, 
"&epoc, OTccopa, (bfttvoirupov, airoprjTog, x^uv, and tyvra'ktd. The position 
of tyftivo-Kupov', in the text, before -frepeoc, is a mere poetic arrangement for 
the sake of the line. The true order comes in immediately after. 

3-4. ri fiepoc, &c, " is it summer, when all the things on which we bestow 
labour are drawing to a close," i. e., when our rural labours are ending, and 
the objects of them are perfecting and ripening, avina and /xoyeifiec are 
Doric forms for rjvina and fioyovfiev. The literal translation is as follows : 
" (am I wrong), or (dost thou wish) summer (to come)," where observe that 
the particle jj, though apparently interrogative in a free translation, is, in 
reality, always disjunctive and elliptical. — or' dvdpdat Tiifibg kXaQpd, " when 
famine possesses no terrors for men," i. e., in consequence of the abundance 
which then prevails. Literally, " when famine is light for men." Compare 
the version of Eobanus, " autferax, qui, cuncta donans, pellit auctumnus 
famem ?" Grotius, following Canter, read Xt/xbc kXacppoc. But d 2,tfi6c 
was said in Doric, and t) Xtfioc occurs in the Homeric hymn to Ceres, 312. 
In the later and common language, the feminine was the prevalent form. 
(Jacobs, Anthol. Pal., p. 19, 1042.) 

5-8. dvcepyov, " difficult for labour" i. e., in which we find it difficult 
to work, and are lazily inclined. — r &alTr6fj,Evot fieXyovrat, &c, " warming 
themselves (by the fire), are charmed with both inaction and indolence." 
aepyeiri for depyta. By aepyein is here meant the state of inaction, which, 
recurring day after day, produces eventually the habit denominated okvoc. 
— r) rot KaTibv eap, &c, " or is the beauteous spring wont to delight thee 
more ?" Observe the force of the aorist in denoting what is customary or 
usual, evadev is the 3d sing. 2d aor. indie, act. of dvddvo, and is for 'iadev. 
The form evaSov is thought to have arisen from doubling the digamma after 
the augment (EFFAAON like e7i7ia6ov), for here, where this letter made a 
position, it could not fall away as in other cases. The apparent significance 
of this ev, " well," as in English, " well pleased," may have contributed to 
the preservation of this form. (Buttmann, larger Gr. Gr., p. 267, Robin- 
son's transl.) — atpelrat, "prefers." — XaXeetv yap eirerpaTrev, &c, "since 
our leisure has permitted us to converse." T^akeetv for "kaXelv. — d a%o/la, 
Doric for r) axoXrj. 

9-11. -Qerjia for ■&eta.—'lepd. Lennep conjectures tipta, an extremely 
neat emendation. — ddea, Doric for rjdea. — aev de enart, &c, "for thy sake, 
however, will I declare, oh Cleoddmus, what one is more pleasing to me than 
the rest." — etjepeo. Oldest form etjepeao, Ionic and poetic egepeo, Attic 
igepti, future to e^etnetv. — to fjtot for 6 fiot. — xreAev for eireXev, imperf. of 
TreXo), with the signification of the present. — adtov, Doric for rjdtov. 

12-18. rjfiev, Doric for euev, and this by apocope from efievat, which 
stands for the common elvat. — rona, Doric for tots. — ottttj, "scorches." 
Doric for birra. — (pftivoTrupov. Supply r)/iev, i. e., elvat. — copta, " the fruits 
of the season." Literally, " the seasonable things." The reference here, 
of course, is to an immoderate indulgence in these. — ovXov x £ '-l Lia <p£p£(-v, 
&c, "I dread to endure the dire winter, its falls of snow, and its frosts ." 
<j)o6av{iat for (po6ov/Ltai. — elap kfxot TptTzo-d-arov, &c, "for me, indeed, may 
the thrice-beloved spring be present throughout the whole year." Observe 
368 



NOTES ON PAGES 176 AND 177. 

Page 
the employment of the emphatic epiol, and also the use of the 176 

optative, without ks or av, as indicating a wish. — dviiia, Doric for 

ijviKa. — ufj./xe for ^//dc. — Kvet, "are pregnant with life." — eiapog. The 

genitive of part of time, for which the dative has just been employed at the 

beginning of the line. — x® v ^ av&ptjirounv, &c, "and the night is equal 

unto men, and like (to the night) is the day," i. e., and the days and nights 

are equal. The labours of the day are compensated by the long repose of 

night. x& v v% " taa -> Doric for /cat 7} vv!; ten. Supply harl. — dug, Doric 

for r]ug. The morning is here taken for the entire day, the beginning of 

light for its continuance. Compare the version of Higtius : " vere noctis 

aqua currunt, aqua lucis tempora." 



MOSCHUS. 
I. 

Page 

Line 1-3. 'A Kvizpig rbv "Epura, &c, "the goddess of Cy- 177 
prus made loud proclamation for Cupid her son." Literally, 
"was calling aloud for." d Kinrptc, Doric for tj Kvirpig. — e6uoTpei, from 
fiuarpeu. This verb is commonly regarded as Doric for (3odu. Passow, 
however, regards it as formed from feodu, just as Ka\iarpiu comes from 
ndXiu, hhaorpeu from ekavvu, &c. — elnc hi rptodoiac, "if any one has 
seen Cupid wandering at the cross-roads." The rpiodoc, or places where 
three roads met, were always a kind of public thoroughfare, where many 
persons were found. Venus thinks it likely that her runaway may be in 
one of these spots. Some understand before elrcc the words teyovoa rdde. 
They are certainly implied in kBuarpei, but by no means actually under- 
stood. — SpaTreTcSag, Doric for dpaneridric. So also [tavvrdc for finvvrrjc. 

4-9. nepicrafioc, " a very remarkable one" i. e., has many tokens and 
marks by which he may be distinguished. Doric for ireptanfiog. — tv eluoai 
Tract ud&oig viv, " thou mightst know him among a whole score." — xpcJra, 
"as to his complexion." Literally, " as to his skin." — avru, Doric for av- 
rov. — Kauai fypeveg, ddv 2,dlrj/j.a, " his disposition is wicked, his way of 
talking is sweet." — laov, " in the same way." — <puvd, Doric for <puvrj. — fjv 
6e ^oAa, &c, " but if he be angry, his spirit is merciless." x°^P 1S here 
the pres. subj. contracted from x°hdr), and avdjiepog is Doric for dvr/fiepog. 
All the editions that we have seen place merely a comma after dvd/j.epog, 
but have a colon after d"ka-&evuv. We have adopted a punctuation more 
in accordance, it is conceived, with the true meaning of the poet. — jjirepo- 
Trevrdg, ovdev dTiadsvuv, &c, " a deceiver, uttering nothing of truth, an 
artful child, he sports with savage cruelty," i. e., his delight is in cruel and 
savage sports. rjirepoTrevTag, dXa-dsvuv, and Traiodei, are Doric for rjirepo- 
TzevTrjg, dTin-Sevuv, and iraifrt respectively : dypta is taken adverbially. — 
adpavov, Doric for Kapnvov. 

11-19. (jiLKKvla fiev ttjvu, &c, " his little hands are very small, but they 
shoot a great way" ttjvu, Doric for kKeivov. — fiafcpd, taken adverbially. 
— k' e'eg, " even to," for not elg. — 'Atdeu for 'Aidov. In reading, 'Atdeu is 
to be pronounced 'Atdu here, on account of the metre. — roye aup,a, " as to 
his body, indeed." — kinreirvKaaTai, " is closely covered," i. e., is closely 
concealed from view. — nai Txrepoeig, baov opvig, &c , " and having wings, 
like a bird, he flies at one time on one, at another on another, of men and 

369 



NOTES ON PAGES 177 AND 178. 

Page 

\JJ also women, and perches on their vitals." — imep to^u 6e, "and 
upon his bow." vizep is here used for km, which last is given by 
two MSS. — TVT&bv kol to ^eae/hvov, &c, " his arrow, indeed, is small, but 
it is carried even to the sky." kol for ol. Literally, " the arrow unto him," 
&c. — kvdo&t 6' evtI rol iriKpol Ku?,afioi, &c, "and within it are those bitter 
shafts, with which he often wounds even me." kvrl, Doric for eial, and rol, 
Doric for ol in the sense of ekeivoi. — role, poetic for olc. — k?jjie, Doric for 
Kafik, and this for Kal kfik. 

20-27. ravra uev aypta travra, &c, " all these things are cruel indeed ; 
but far more so is the little torch that he has, with which he inflames the sun 
himself." Literally, " the little torch, being unto himself," i. e., which is 
unto himself. We have followed, in this passage, the readings of Luzac. 
The common text has iravra fiev aypta, mivTa- , and in the succeeding 
line, tov aktov avrbv dvai'&Ei. There can be but one opinion as to the in- 
feriority of the common lection. — kolaa, Doric for kovaa, and this for ovaa. 
— rd, Doric for a, and this for y. — aktov, Doric for tjalov. — tjv tv y' sAyc 
ttjvov, Doric for r/v cv y' klnc knelvov. — ddaac aye, " bind and, bring (him 
to me)." ddaac, Doric for drjaac. — ktjv ttot' Wye KAaiovra, " and shouldst 
thou, perchance, see him weeping." — ktjv for Kal f]v. — yeXdn for yeXd, pres. 
subj. — tv vtv sake for av ai)Tov sake. — fytkdcai, Doric for tyiVqaai. — kclkov 
to (j>iAa/ia, &c, " his kiss is fraught with evil ; his lips are (very) poison." 
evTc, Doric for ectL Another evti is for elo'i, and has already occurred. — 
%apK,op.ai baaa fioi oTtAa, i. e., x a p' L &/* a l <*oi baca bizXa kaii fioi. — firjTi 
■diyyc, &c, "don't touch them at all; they are deceitful gifts, for they have 
all been dipped in fire." Brunck suggests firj tv ■d-iyyc, which Valckenaer 
commends. It is certainly a spirited emendation, though not more so than 
the received reading. 

II. 
J 73 Line 1-5. "Apxere, ^lkealkoi, &c, "begin, Sicilian Muses, be- 
gin the strain of wo," i. e., the funeral dirge. By the Sicilian 
Muses are here meant ^he Muses of pastoral or bucolic verse, which had 
been carried to its highest perfection by Theocritus, a native of Syracuse 
in the island of Sicily. Bion and Moschus had both taken him for their 
model in this department of composition. — ddovec, Doric for dvbovec. — 
■nvKivolaiv tcotI (pvAAotg, " amid the thick foliage." kotI, Doric for ttooc. 
— vdjiaat role Hlkeaolc, &c, " tell unto the Sicilian waters of the (fount 
of) Arethusa." tuc Kped-ovaac, Doric for ttjc , KpE-d r ovanc. — TeftvaKev, 
Doric for te&vtjkev. — ftconoAoc, Doric for [3ovk6aoc. — ottl avv avTti Kal 
to ijleaoc T£-&vanE, &c, " that with him both melody itself has died, and the 
Doric song is no more." doidd, Doric for aoidrj. 

7-8. KELvog for ekeXvoc. — ovketl [xeattel, " no longer gives utterance to 
his strains." — kpnp.aiatatv vivo dpvalv, " beneath the (now) solitary oaks." 
By a beautiful figure, a feeling of loneliness, at the loss of the bard, is as- 
cribed to the very oaks under which he was wont to sing. — aAAa irapd 
TYkovTrji, &c, " but he sings with Pluto the song of oblivion," i. e., but he 
now sings in the lower world, where all is oblivion of the past. Compare 
the version of Eobanus : 

" Sed Ditis in aula 

Immemores hymnos, et longa oblivia cantat." 
11-16. tic ttotl ad avpiyyt, &c M " who shall play upon thy pipe ?" The 
common text has fiEAiadsTac, the Doric present for {teAL&Tai. The true 
reading, however, is [lEli^ETat, the Doric future for /xeXiGETaL, as adopted 
370 



NOTES ON PAGE 178. 

Page 

by Brunck, Valckenaer, Jacobs, and many others. — avpiyyi. The 178 
syrinx was a pipe of many reeds, joined side by side, and each of 
different length. The usual number of reeds, thus connected, was seven ; 
but we read on some occasions of less, on others of more than this. The 
Pandean pipe of modern times is a species of syrinx. (Consult Voss, ad 
Virg., Eclog., 2, 33.) — icaM/xotc. Referring to the reeds that composed 
the syrinx. — -&daEL Doric for &7jgei. — e'lgetl yap ttvelel ra ca xeLXea, &c, 
"for it still breathes the music of thy lips and of thy breath, and echo among 
its reeds still feeds upon thy strains.'''' Supply r) ovpiy!;. The idea is a 
most beautiful one : the breathings of song still linger on the syrinx of the 
bard, and their echoes still murmur in its reeds. — txve'lel for txveel. — d^w 
Doric for fyo). — dovaaeooL for dova^i. — TLavl <pspu to fxeT^iafxa, " I offer 
the strain to Pan" i. e., I offer thy syrinx unto Pan, that from it he may 
produce sweet melody. Valckenaer and others read /xslty/na, in the sense 
of " pipe," though Valckenaer himself appears to have considerable doubts 
about the propriety of using fieXiyfia in this signification. — ratf av nanelvog 
kpelcai, &c, " perhaps even he would fear to apply his lips (unto thy reeds), 
lest he bear away the second prize to thee" i. e., lest he be deemed inferior to 
thee. After to crofia we must supply, in thought, the words od ovptyyi, 
the idea of which naturally arises from to iikXiajia that precedes. With to. 
devTepa supply d&Xa, and observe the genitive geZo (for gov) following 
devrepa, since this last here implies comparison. — (peprjTac. Observe the 
force of the middle, " bear off for himself," or, " as his own." 

17-22. (5 TiOTafiuv ItyvpuraTe, "oh most tuneful of rivers." The allu- 
sion is to the river Meles, in Ionia, which flowed by the city of Smyrna. 
According to one account, Homer was born on its banks, from which circum- 
stance he obtained the appellation of Melesigenes (MsXeoLyevqc). Bion hav- 
ing been born in the city of Smyrna, the river Meles is here poetically styled 
" most tuneful" of streams, from its flowing by the native seats of two so 
eminent poets. — aTcuXeTO Ttpdv tol "Ofinpoc, "in former days thy Homer 
perished." Literally, " in former days Homer perished for thee." — ttjvo to 
KaTiAtoTrac yTivnepbv oTOfia, " that sweet mouth of Calliope." ttjvo, Doric 
for ekeZvo, and KaXTiLoirac for Kahhiowrjc. Homer is here, by a striking 
figure, called the GTOfia Ka/l/UoTmc, since the muse, through him, poured 
forth her strains unto men. So in Theocritus (Id., 7, 37), a poet is called 
Moio-uv oTOfia, and, in one of the Epigrams of the Anthology, Pindar is 
styled Movauv lepov aTo/xa. — \kyovTi Doric for Xeyovcn. — TioXvulavaTOLOL 
peid-poic, " with thy deeply-lamenting waters." The true reading, very 
probably, is iroXviclvoToto-i freedpotc, " with thy swelling tide of waters." — 
ndoav <5' e~\rioac <pavdc oka, "and didst fill the whole sea with the voice 
of thy lament." (povue, Doric for (puvf/c. — uXkov visa. Referring to Bion. 
— Tann, Doric for TrjKn, and this for the Attic ttjkel. 

23-25. TzayaZc izefLlafievot Doric ioxirrjyalc 'ke^CKtiiievoi. — be \lev etuvs, 
&c, " the one drank of the Pegasean fountain, while the other had a 
draught of that of Arethusa." be fisv for b /xev. — Jlayaacdoc updvac, Doric 
for TLriya(jidoc Kprjvnc. By the TLayacldog icpdva is meant the fountain of 
Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon, fabled to have been produced from the earth 
by a stamp of the foot, on the part of the winged steed Pegasus. — sxev for 
eIxsv, augment dropped. — The meaning of the poet in this passage is as 
follows : as Homer drank from the Pegasean fountain the inspiration of 
epic verse, so Bion quaffed that of bucolic poetry from the fount of Arethusa, 
t its native home. The whole, however, is figurative, and must not be 
understood as if Bion had been personally present in the island of Sicily, 

371 



NOTES ON PAGES 178 AND 179. 

Page 

178 ~~X ( - } pw- Referring to Homer, as the singer of the Iliad, irt 
which poem Helen, daughter of Tyndarus, and likewise Achilles 
and Menelaus were introduced. To the song that has war and slaughter for 
its themes is opposed the bucolic strain, breathing peace and all that is 
pleasing and joyous.— ueiae for ycre, from aetdco for pdo). 

27-31. Ketvog d' ov TtoXepovc, &c. " the other, however, sang not of wars, 
nor of tears, but of Pan ; and told in clear-toned strains of the keepers of 
herds, and pastured (the cattle) as he sang," i. e., told of herdsmen, and 
the scenes of bucolic and pastoral life. — fturag, Doric for fiovrag. — ddea, 
Doric for Tjdelav. This Dorico-poetic accusative is more commonly em- 
ployed as a masculine ending, as, for example, evpea ttovtov, &c. — waidov, 
" of the young." — ijpecre from dpeano). We have here retained the common 
reading, as in every respect superior to ripens, the lection of Valckenaer, 
Brunck, and others. Compare the version of Higtius : " et Cupidinem, 
Dionce, fovit, acceptus, sinu" 

33-34. darea navra. Supply -&pnvet. — "Aovcpa. A town of Boeotia, situ- 
ate on a rocky eminence belonging to Helicon, and famed, in the annals of 
poetry, as the residence of Hesiod. — yodei for yoa. 

J_79 Line 35-38. Tllvdapov. Pindar was a native of Thebes in Boeo- 
tia. — TTod-eovri, Doric for Tvo-d-eovai, and this for Trod-ovac. — ovde 
rbaov rbv aocSov, &c, " nor is the Teian city accustomed to mourn so 
deeply for its bard." The reference -is to Anacreon, a native of Teios, in 
Ionia. Some editions read Kij'iov for Trj'iov, making the passage refer, not 
to Anacreon, but to Simonides, a native of lulis in the island of Ceos. The 
lection Trj'iov, however, is regarded by Valckenaer as the genuine one, 
although he retains Kyiov in the text. Trj'iov is given by two Paris MSS. 
and the Florence edition. — e/ivparo. Observe the force of the aorist. — 'Ap- 
%ikbxoio, " than her Archilochus ." Archilochus was born in the island of 
Paros. — avrl oe I,a7r<povc, &c, "and Mitylene still mourns for thy song, 
instead of that of Sappho." Observe the conciseness of expression in avrl 
6s Ha7T(povc for avrl oe tov [xeXiGjiarog ?,air<povc. — a McrvXdva. Doric for 

7) M.ITVA7JV7]. 

40-46. ral fiaAaxai, Doric for at fiaAaxai. Dioscorides (2, 3) and 
Theophrastus (1, 5) designate mallows as aliment, and the former of these 
authors makes the mallow of the gardens superior to the wild kind, as an 
article of food. — ndirov, Doric for ktjttov. — to t' ev-&aAeg ovaov avrj-&ov, 
"and the verdant, crisped-leaf anise." — varepov av £uovrt, &c, "they 
afterward live again, and spring up for another year." ^cjovti, Doric for 
the common poetic form C,6)ovol, and this last for (tiai. — cpvovri, Doric for 
(pvovoi. — apifiec, Doric for ijjielg. — oimore irpdra -d-dvujieg, " when once we 
have died." rcpdra, Doric for nptira, the adjective taken as an adverb. — 
■&dvupeg, Doric for {rdvopev. — dvdnooi ev x& ovi k-OLACl, &c, " sleep, un~ 
hearing, in the hollow earth, the long, long, endless sleep, from which we 
never shall awake." The melancholy flow of the line is heightened by the 
gloomy and chilling disbelief in a future state, which it seeks to inculcate. 
avdnooi, Doric for dvrjKooi. — KoiXq, Doric for kolav. — evchfiec, Doric for 
evdofiev. — ev p.d?ia fiaupbv. This combination cannot well be expressed by 
a literal version. We have endeavoured to convey the meaning by the 
repetition of the adjective. — nal ov pev ev atya, &c. This verse is con- 
sidered supposititious by Valckenaer. — cnya, Doric for ayrj. — ireTrvnao/uevog 
ioveai, " shalt remain hidden." Observe the continued action indicated 
by the perfect participle. — eaaeai for eoei, common form ear,. 
372 



METRICAL KEY. 



L EXTRACTS FROM HOMER. 

1. The measure employed in these extracts is the Hexameter. 

2. In Greek hexameters, and especially those of the Homeric class, when 
two vowels come in contact, one at the end and the other at the beginning 
of a word, the following is the result : 

(A.) Either the previous vowel is found to be elided by the poet ; as, 

emiti' inave for eiretra lnave ; 
(B.) Or, a long vowel, or diphthong, at the end of a word, loses a portion 

of its length before the vowel at the beginning of the next word ; as, 

7rvpy& k^ear^Kst ; 
(C.) Or, in order to explain away the hiatus, we must have recourse to 

the intervention of the digamma, or else to some emendation of the 

text ; though cases still remain where these expedients are nugatory, 

and where critical sagacity is completely baffled.' 5 ' 

3. In Greek, much more frequently than in Latin, hexameters, we find a 
short vowel lengthened by the Arsis, or stress of the voice on the first part 
of the foot.f 

4. On the other hand, it is almost a constant rule, in the Greek epic 
poets, that if a word end in a long vowel, or a diphthong, and the next word 
begin with a vowel, the long vowel, or diphthong, becomes short. 

5. The principle on which the preceding rule depends is as follows. The 
long vowels in Greek, namely, rj and o>, are supposed to consist, in fact, of 
two short vowels, the rj of se, and the w of oo. Hence, when the long 
vowel comes before another vowel, at the beginning of the next word, it 
loses one of its short component vowels by this collision, and the other re- 
mains, of course, short by nature. 

6. In the same way, a diphthong loses one of its component vowels, and 
the other, if not short already, becomes so before the vowel at the beginning 
of the next word. 

7. It must be borne in mind, however, with regard to diphthongs, that in 
q., y, o), the subscript iota so far coalesces with the vowel to which it is 
appended as to be considered, in Homeric scanning, as forming only one 
sound with it. Hence a, 77, cj, are to be here regarded as consisting, in 
fact, of only two short vowels, and not, as would otherwise be the case, of 
three. 

8. But when the long vowel, or the diphthong, falls in the arsis of the 
foot, it retains its natural measure, because the stress of the voice then 
compensates for whatever the long vowel, or the diphthong, may have lost 
by collision with another vowel. An instance of this occurs in the fourth 
line of the first extract, page 155, where the final cj in a/xcpnTolo), after 

* Spitzner thinks that the hiatus was not forbidden in the earlier epic verse ; a doctrine 
by no means improbable, considering the confluence of vowel sounds that characterized 
the epico-Ionic dialect. (De Versu Gr<zc. Her., p. 147.) 

t The remainder of the foot is called the Thesis. 

Il 



374 METRICAL KEY. 

losing one of its two short component vowels before the initial vowel in the 
next word, has the remaining short one again lengthened by the stress of 
the voice, the syllable Xu being in the arsis of the foot Aw ev. 

9. In the remarks that follow, we will first call attention to such pecu- 
liarities, in a few lines, at the commencement of the first extract from 
Homer, as may serve to elucidate the rules that have just been laid down, 
and will then only note more important particulars. 



FIRST EXTRACT. 
Page 155. 

Line 4. iraldl naX, a/Kfunolo). The diphthong loses its final vowel before 
the initial vowel in a/uipiTcohc), and the a that remains is shortened before 
the a in the next word. The w in a^LTtoTiG) has already been explained. 

5. rrvpyfo efyeoTrjuei. The o loses one of the two component omicrons, 
and the remaining omicron continues short before the succeeding epsilon. 
The iota subscript is not regarded as a separate vowel. 

7. ear?) en\ The rj loses one of its two component epsilons, and the 
remaining one continues short before the succeeding vowel in £7r'. 

9. ttt] e6fj. The r\ in nf) loses one of its component epsilons, but the re- 
maining one, being in the arsis of the foot, is again lengthened by the stress 
of the voice. On the other hand, the rj in e6rj, after losing one of its epsi- 
lons before the initial A in 'kvdpofj,axVi keeps the other epsilon short, since 
this last-mentioned vowel is in the thesis of the foot, and is not, therefore, 
acted upon by any stress of the voice. 

10. rj elvarepov. This hiatus can only be remedied by a change of read- 
ing, since we cannot have recourse to the digamma, elvarepov not being a 
digammated word, as appears from line 1 5. As the rj is in the thesis of the 
foot, it ought, strictly speaking, to lose one of its epsilons before the suc- 
ceeding vowel, and then remain short. 

24. f.ieya ugtv. The hiatus here is prevented by the digamma : META 
FAZTY. 

Page 156. 

Line 33. Kaku. The first syllable of naloc is long in Homer, short in 
Attic. 

34. naMeGne ^KapiavSpiov. The e here remains short, though etc fol- 
lows. This license appears to have been allowed from the difficulty other- 
wise of introducing the proper name into verse. A similar license is found 
in the case of the double consonant £, before which Homer keeps a vowel 
short in such words as Zdnvv&og, Zeleia. To remove these shortenings, 
Knight writes AaKvv&og, Ae?ieia, and refers, in support of his opinion, to 
the coins of Zancle (Messana), of the seventh century B.C., which give the 
name of the place in the old form, AANKAH. (Prolegom. ad Horn., § 79.) 

35. epvero. From fivu, not from kpvu, which has the digamma (FEP- 
Y£2), and would consequently lengthen yap and vitiate the line. Compare 
the remark of Knight {Prolegom., p. 158, ed. Ruhkopf), in speaking of 
epvcj : " Verbum mire corruptum rhapsodorum et grammaticorum licenlia ; 
et cum PYFS2 (fivo)) perpetuo confusum." 

38. apa ol — X Ei P l Snog. A double hiatus in one and the same line, but 
remedied, in each case, by the digamma : APA FOI— XEIPI FETI02. 
54. rjiiarL "A'iSoc. The hiatus in this line induced Bentley to correct 



METRICAL KEY. 375 

the verse as follows : ol jiev TidvTeg ly k'lov ypiepri "ALdog elcru. It is better, 
however, to consider the hiatus as allowable here, from the circumstance of 
rjfiaTL terminating a foot. (Consult Heyne, ad toe.) 

Page 157. 
Line 75. /ca/coc ug. The final syllable of Kanbg is lengthened by the 
stress of the voice, it being in the arsis of the foot. 

79. rode oida. The hiatus here is remedied by the digamma : TOAE 
FOIAA. 

80. oZcj/It? "l?aoc. The final syllable in blu?^ ought properly to be 
short, since it comes before a vowel in the next word, and is, moreover, in 
the thesis of the foot. The digamma, however, remedies this : OAQAHI 
FIAIOS. 

91. rig elirrioLv. The pronoun rig is here lengthened by the stress of 
the voice, being in the arsis of the foot. 

93. ore "Hlov. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : POTE FIAION. 

94. rig epeei. The pronoun again lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

Page 158. 
Line 101. rjde ?i6^>ov. The final syllable of rjde is lengthened here by 
the stress of the voice. The old reading, xa?„n6v re, ids, &c, produces an 
hiatus. 

110. Kal 'IAi'ou. The digamma (FIAIOT) prevents the diphthong's 
losing its final vowel before the initial vowel of 'lliov, and therefore Kal 
remains long. Still, however, the line contains a violation of metre, for the 
last syllable of 'Vuuv cannot be shortened before tcpt, since this last has the 
digamma (FI$I). The verse, therefore, is most probably an interpolation 
(the sense itself not requiring it), and must have been inserted by the rhap- 
sodists at a time when the digamma had gone out of use. (Consult Heyne, 
ad loc.) 

111. Tig elTvrjai. The pronoun again lengthened by the stress of the 
voice. 

125. Tot 'IAi'cj- The measure is vitiated here, and the line is conse- 
quently incorrect, since tol eannot be shortened before the initial vowel of 
'IA/cj, this last having the digamma (FIAIfll). Bentley suggests /zdAic-tf-', 
ol TAt'cj. It is better, however, to regard the line as an interpolation, sim- 
ilar in its nature to that of verse 110. 

127. iinrovplv. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

132. hi ocku. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : ENI FOIKS2I. 

133. filv. Lengthened by the stress of the voice. The measure is vio- 
lated, however, by the hiatus in E<pavTO inroTpOTzov, unless we insert / with 
Bentley, or else consider the caesura of the verse as allowing such hiatus to 
exist. 



SECOND EXTRACT. 
Page 159. 

Line 6. ofyp'' eIitu. The verse is faulty here, since eliro has the digamma 
(FEITIfl), and the a ought not to be cut off by apostrophe in oeppa. Bent- 
ley reads o6p' avdu. The line, however, is probably an interpolation. 

8. euov. Last syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

9. rdr^e epya. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : TAAE FEPrA. 
16. Wtdeo). Pronounced here, by synizesis, 'Aldo), as if of three sy 11a- 



376 METRICAL KEY. 

bles. Observe how the accent indicates that the w in 'AtSexj is only a half- 
length. Hence this half-long w, with the short vowel preceding it, are more 
capable of being pronounced as but one syllable. 

18. Iva elders. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : HNA FEIAETE. 

21. dv. Lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

23. k&eXoifii kpvaaat. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : E9EA0IMI 
FEPY22AI. 

25. -Kepi. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. A short 
syllable at the end of a word is often lengthened in this way, when the next 
word begins with a liquid. 



THIRD EXTRACT. 

Page 160. 
Line 2. ' kxaiolalv . Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 
4. eneidri. Initial syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

17. vrjvciv. Pronounced here as a dissyllable. 

18. rjpdfif&d. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

19. Kara aarv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : KATA FA2TY. 

20. [iT/dero epycu. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : MHAETO FEP- 
TA. 

31. Se. Lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

32. fiakd. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. (Com- 
pare line 25, page 159.) 

Page 161. 

Line 34. Kara aarv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : KATA FA2- 
TT. 

37. \toylc. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

40. dvdpa 'inaarov. Hiatus prevented by the digamma ; ANAPA 
FEKA2TON. 

58. Kara aarv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : KATA FA2TY. 

59. &eov. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

60. fidXd. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. (Com- 
pare line 25, page 159.) 

63. yap at. The particle yap is here long, though in the thesis, before 
ol, or, with the digamma, FOI. The following rule is laid down by Spitz- 
ner : " Particula yap non minus, quam alia syllabce breves, et in arsi et in 
thesi ante ol longa est, non solum in Homeri et Hesiodi libris, verum etiam 
in seriorum po'etarum oper^us.^ (Vers. Grcec. Her., p. 36.) 

64. |6d ol. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : PA FOI. 

68. rpiirodd. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

Page 162. 
Line 73. de ol. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : AE FOI. 
74. fiernvda. Pronounced as a trisyllable. 

83. nXn-d-vi,. Pronounced as a dissyllable. 

84. to dv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : TO FON. The words 
ovdevl sIkuv, however, present an hiatus for which there is no aid found in 
the digamma, elno not being a digammated word. Heyne, therefore, con- 
siders the whole line an interpolation. 

85. /iacvddi Ian. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : MAINAAI FI2H. 



METRICAL KEY. 377 

94. The old reading in this line, namely, re rjds, makes an hiatus, which 
is remedied by the new lection, r' 7/de. 

95. pd oi. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : PA FOI. 

97. fivpia edva. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : MTPIA FEANA. 

98. eivarepeg. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

Page 163. 

Line 106. aivofiopov. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the 
voice. 

107. fiev. Lengthened by the stress of the voice. Barnes interposed />' 
to save the measure, as he thought, but without any necessity. 

114. yap oi. Consult remarks on line 63, page 161. 

117. Tcdlg kg. Final syllable in irdcg lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

124. ivdig eg. Same as in preceding line. 

129. kvi [xaAaKy. Final syllable of hi lengthened by the stress of the 
voice. 

133. vrjvoi. Pronounced as a dissyllable. 

135. kvi fieydpoitjt. Final syllable of kvi lengthened by the stress of the 
voice. 

137. KTjXeo). Pronounced as a dissyllable, ktjTiu. 

138. 5<pehdg. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 



FOURTH EXTRACT. 
Page 164. 
Line 2. All <$>ikog. Final syllable in All lengthened by the stress of the 
voice. 

5. ttocttvvov. The upsilon is short in the present and imperfect of 
tcoittvvcj, when the following syllable is short ; and long when the following 
syllable is long, even when, as in the present case, the latter length is pro- 
duced by position. 

9. al oi. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : FAI FOI. 

13. tieoetdea. Pronounced, as if consisting of four syllables, -d-eoeida. 

14. 6e ISovto. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : AE FIAONTO. 
21. kixi r' sXTrerai. There is something erroneous here, since eXTrerat 

is entitled to the digamma, but then EIII T' FEAIIETAI could never 
stand. Bentley conjectures KAJ. FEAIIETAI ; and Heyne nai kehireTaL, 
but thinks it likely that the early reading was knl r' klSerat. 

Page 165. 

Line 36. dixuGaro tiko.. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : AIIQ- 
2ATO FHKA. 

55. erepog 6e r' kdov. The common text omits ■f, which makes an hiatus, 
kduv not being entitled to the initial digamma. 

63. TtlovTO) re avactre. Hiatus prevented by the digamma: FANAS2E. 

65. '6m oi. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : IOTTI FOI. 

Page 166. 
Line 71. Mdicapog edog. Final syllable in Mdtcapog lengthened by the 
stress of the voice. 

75. -Kepi do-Tv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : ITEPI FA2TT. 
85. vTcodpa 16qv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : LTIIOAPA 
FIAQN. 

Ii2 



378 METRICAL KEY. 

98. n.7]2,eidr]g 6' ohoio. There is some error here, since olnoio is di- 
gammated, and A' FOIKOIO could not of course stand. Bentley suggests 
flijheidrjc Se -frpovoio. 

99. olog- afia. Last syllable of olog lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

Page 167. 

Line 104. difypov eloav. As elaav is not entitled to the digamma, we 
must, in order to prevent the hiatus, make ditypov e- a dactyl (resolving the 
el by diaeresis), and must lengthen, by the stress of the voice, the first syl- 
lable of the next foot -laav e-. There is some error, however, most prob- 
ably in the line. 

107. 667} olnovde. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : A£2IH FOI- 
KONAE.' 

109. TipiafMog Idol. Final syllable of lipia/ioc lengthened by the stress 
of the voice. 

111. naida tfiojv. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : IIAIAA FIAS2N. 

112. nai L The diphthong remains long here, as a matter of course, the 
pronoun £ being digammated : FE. 

119. 6tl "EnTopa. An hiatus, which Bentley skilfully remedies by reading 
6V ap" 1 "EnTopa. 

129. hi. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 

130. d-vyarepeg. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. 
133. apd. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice. In 

Atjtoi, the diphthong remains long as a matter of course, the next word 
being digammated : FI2A2KETO. 

Page 168. 

Line 156. avra e6kel. Hiatus prevented by the digamma : ANTA 
FEFQIKEI. 

163. ooge vtto. An hiatus, which may be removed by reading, with 
Bentley, baaoi, since the forms oaaotc and baaotaiv occur in Hesiod and 
Sappho. (Consult Heyne, ad loc, and Spitzner, Vers. Her. Gr<zc, p. 75.) 

167. nal ald-OTta olvov. The first hiatus is obviated by reading, with 
Bentley, nai r' aWoKa ; the second is remedied by the digamma : AI0OIIA 
FOINON. 

Page 169. 

Line 179. ceISoito. Hiatus remedied by the digamma : 2E FIAOITO. 

182. rods eItte. Hiatus remedied by the digamma : TOAE FEHIE. 

188. Kara aarv kelpiEd-a. Both the first and second hiatus are remedied 
by the digamma : KATA FASTT FEFEAME0A. 

190. evI. Final syllable lengthened by the stress of the voice 

191. SaivvTo. The long penult here arises from contraction. The im- 
perfect would have the upsilon short. 



II. EXTRACTS FROM ANACREON. 

I. The Anacreontic verse is generally ranked under the Ionic a minore 

class (w w ); it belongs, however, more properly, to the Ionic a 

majore kind ( y w). 

II. The poems which pass at the present day under the name of Anacreon 
are not genuine, but are the productions of persons who lived at a much 
later period, and some of whom appear to have been quite ignorant. Hence 
the doubt and difficulty to which they have given rise. 



METRICAL KEY. 379 

III. As a great part of these poems consist of pure iambi, we ought to 
rank such, no doubt, with iambic, rather than Ionic, numbers; as, for ex- 
ample, the following : Qelo | "keyelv \\ "Arpeld \ ac. 

IV. But of those which are really Ionic there appear to be two kinds ; 
one with a monosyllabic, the other with a dissyllabic, anacrusis or base.* 

V. The kind which has a monosyllabic anacrusis admits of two forms 
only, of which the proper one is this : 

v\ ~~| 

while the other, which changes the dactyl of the Ionic foot into an am- 
phibrach (w — w), is as follows : 

VI. The Anacreontics that have a dissyllabic anacrusis are divided into 
two forms or classes, as follows ; 

The first of these is much less used than the second. Sometimes the 
first long syllable is found resolved. 



ODE I. 

Page 170. 

This ode consists of iambic lines throughout, namely, iambic dimeters 
calalectic, i. e., iambic dimeters wanting the last syllable. The iambus is 
admitted everywhere. Sometimes a spondee is found in the first place, but 
never in the second. The scanning is as follows : 

QelQ I TCeyelv \\ "Arpeld \ ae 

■&e.?iG) J de Kudfi \\ov ad \ ew 

f] 6up6 | Xrog \\ de %opd | ate, &c. 



ODE II. 

The scanning in this ode is to be referred to Anacreontics with a dis- 
syllabic anacrusis, as explained under § vi. Variations, however, occur 
throughout. 

Verses 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 16, are all scanned after the fol- 
lowing manner, namely, two short syllables forming a dissyllabic anacrusis, 
then a double trochee (or pure trochaic syzygy), and finally two long syllables. 

The measure is, therefore, Ionic a majore dimeter, brachycatalectic, with 

dissyllabic anacrusis, or ^ w | — >— — -^ \ , for it must be observed 

that the Ionic a majore verse admits a trochaic syzygy promiscuously with 

its proper foot (— w w). The lines we have enumerated are therefore 

scanned as follows : 

* An anacrusis is a prefix of one syllable, or of two syllables, to a verse, and which are 
to be pronounced somewhat apart from the measure. A. dissyllabic anacrusis is com- 
monly styled a base. The anacrusis of an iambus is the part before the arsis. 



380 METRICAL KEY. 

TO food I OV TO TUV e I pCJTUV 

to pod I ov to kuTiTu J tyvXkov 
KpbTa I (polaiv upfio \ aavTec, 
podov, j CJ (piplo'Tov I av&oc, &c. 
Verse 2. In this line, the first of the included iambi has a long anacrusis 
(w), the second a dissyllabic one (Aid-).* 

dvd | [d^uyilv Albv | voti. 
5. In this line, the dissyllabic anacrusis is contracted into one long, and 
the third syllable of the trochaic syzygy is resolved into two short : 
irl | vdjiEv ddpd yi | Xuvtc^. 

12. We have here a trochaic anacrusis, GTeipov. The rest of the verse 
is similar to line 1. 

13. In this line the first iambus has a dissyllabic anacrusis (Alo-). 

ndpd | aolg Alovvas | gtjkoI^. 

14. The Ionic a majore appears here in place of the trochaic syzygy. In 
other words, we have a regular verse. 

jHETU I KOVpf/g fiu-d-V | KoTiTZOV. 

15. Here also, as in the preceding line, a regular Ionic a majore occurs : 

p~o6Xv | old uTtyav | Zonolc. 



ODE III. 

Page 171. 

The measure of this ode is like that of the first one, QeXto leyetv 'Arpe- 
idac. Thus, 

epda | [U7J \\ ne9iEl j d, &c. 



ODE IV. 

Page 172. 

The measure of this is also the same as that of the first ode. Thus, 

av (lev | tyTkrj \\ ^eAt | 6ov, &c. 



ODE V. 

This ode, in its general features, resembles the second. Thus, the 2d, 4th, 
7th, 8th, and 9th verses are scanned with the dissyllabic anacrusis, trochaic 
syzygy, and two long syllables : 

* Hermann maintains, that such a dissyllabic anacrusis is not allowed in Anacreontics, 
and therefore proposes to read Aevvvae, a form which the grammarians say was actually 
employed by Anacreon. As, however, a similar dissyllabic anacrusis is used by the 
comic poets in choriambic verses, it might also have been employed in the Anacreontic 
lines, the author or authors of which were far from accurate, and were disposed, besides, 
to avail themselves of every license. 



METRICAL KEY. 381 

XdptT | e$ podd (3pv \ ovalv 

and | Xvvlral ydX \ yvy, &c. 
Verse 1. In this line the first of the included iambi has a dissyllabic 
anacrusis ; as, 

ide | TtCJr e&pog (pav | evTog* 
3. This line presents a regular Ionic a majore ; as, 

Z6e | TriJg KVfLa -&dX | da&qq. 

5. An Ionic a majore like the preceding : 

Ids j TTWf vrjooa /coA | v/x6a. 

6. Scanned like the second, except that the second arsis, or second long 
syllable of the trochaic syzygy, is resolved into two short ; as, 

Ids | 7TG)f yepdvoc; od | evel. 

10. In this line, if the common reading be correct, of which there are 
strong doubts, we have a second Paeon in place of an Ionic a majore, and 
the base consists of two long syllables ; as, 

Kdp-Kolg | i yald -rrpo \ Kvnrel.i 

11. If this line be genuine, which is hardly possible, it contains a resolu- 
tion of the first arsis, and a lengthening of the anacrusis of the first iambus. 
The anacrusis of the line, moreover, is one long in place of two short. 
Thus, 

Kdpn | of eXaldg 7rpo | nvTrrel. 

12. In this line we have inserted to before vd/xa, and the verse will then 
be scanned like the 13th of Ode II. Thus, 

Bpdfti | ov VTecpsrai to | vdfid. 

13. We have here a regular Ionic a majore. 

KdTd | (pvlXov Kara \ tcXfivd. 

14. By adopting in part Hermann's emendation of this line, namely, fjv- 
•frioe, instead of the common fjvSrjoe, we have here, as in the previous verse, 
an Ionic a majore. Thus, 

Kd'&s'k | £)V fjV&laE | KdpTvog. 



ODE VI. 
Page 173. 



The scanning of this ode is like that of the first one. Thus, 
"EptJf I 7roY ev || ()o6ola | I 

K.0l[lG> | flEVTJV || fisXlTT | dv, &C. 



ODE VII. 

The scanning of this ode is like that of the second one in its general 
features. Thus, 

* Hermann reads, (6e irw? (pavcvrog rjpos. 
t Hermann reads, Kapno7s yam -KpoKvirrei. 



382 METRICAL KEY. 

fianap | l^ofiev ae | tItt~i% 
ore | devdpeuv en' \ anptiv 
okly | fjv dpbadv rteir | UKtJg, &c. 
Verse 7. In this line the anacrusis is one long syllable, and there is also 
a resolution of the first arsis, or first long syllable of the trochaic syzygy. 
Thus, 

%G) | Tzoad tyepovoXv \ upal. 
8. Here also we have a resolution of the first arsis, but with the ordinary 
dissyllabic anacrusis. Thus, 

gv 6e J fytXlog el ye \ tipytiv. 



ODE VIII. 

The scanning is like that of the first ode. Thus, 

(pTXu, | yepovr | a repir \ vov, &c. 



The extracts from Bion and Moschus are in the ordinary hexameter 
verse, and present no difficulty. 



LEXICON. 



ArA 



a, Doric for tj, nom. sing. fern, of 6, 

T ?' r6 - 

d (interj.). Ah ! vk ! 

dSdroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 8 a- 
toc, accessible). Inaccessible, un- 
approachable, not to be trodden. 

a6e6aioc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
8e6aioc, firm). Insecure, unfaith- 
ful, unsteady. 

d6orj-&T]Toc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Bond-Eco, to aid). Destitute of aid, 
unaided ; hence, incurable. 

ddpoc, d, ov (adj.). Delicate, luxu- 
rious. — d6pd, accus. plur. neut., 
taken as an adverb, gayly. 

udpoxoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Bpsx^, to wet). Unwet, dry, and, 
unbedewed. 

d&voaoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Bvoabc for j3v$6c, measurable 
depth). Bottomless, very deep. — 
As a substantive, db'vcoog, ov, f]. 
An abyss, a vast chasm. 

'Ayai9-o/c?i%, eovc, 6. Agathocles, a 
Sicilian of low birth, who, by his 
military talents, made himself mas- 
ter of the greater part of Sicily. 
His seat of government was Syra- 
cuse. 

dyadoc, rj, ov (adj.). Good, virtu- 
ous, fair, brave, meritorious, excel- 
lent, sound, &c. The primitive 
signification is, excelling in any 
quality of mind or body. — In the 
neuter, dyafiov, a good, any good 
thing, but with the article, good 
(of itself), or, (abstract) good. In 
the plural neuter, rd ay add. The 
things that are good, profitable, or 
advantageous, the gifts of fortune, 



ATT 
opulence, prosperity, benefits.-^ 
The comparatives most in use are 
dfieivov, BeXtluv, and Kpeiaauv, 
or KpecTTuv, superl. dpiaroc, Be\- 

TLOTOC, KpaTLOTOC. 

'Ayatiov, cjvoc, 6. Agdtho, an Athe- 
nian tragic poet, the contemporary 
and friend of Euripides. 

dyanhvToc, ov (adj. from dyav, very 
much, and k\vtoc , famous). Far- 
famed, very renowned, illustrious. 

uya?i/j.d, droc, to (from dydXTio), to 
honour). A statue, an image. 

dya/uai, fut. -aao/iat, perf. f/ya<j/j,ai. 
To admire, to revere, to xconder at, 
to honour, to esteem, to prize. 

'AydfiEfivuv, ovoc, 6. Agamemnon, 
king of Mycenae and Argos, and 
leader of the Grecian forces at 
Troy. 

dydvanTEG), ti, fut. -tjgu, perf. riyav- 
dtiTnua (from dyav, very much, 
and dx&og, strong feeling). To 
be indignant, to be displeased, to 
complain. 

dydofiat, fut. -daouac, perf. f/yaapat, 
(an older form of dyauac). To ad- 
mire, to revere, to wonder at, &c. 

dyairau, u, fut. -rjaco, perf. Tjyd-KnKa 
(from dyauai, to revere, &c). To 
love, to treat with respectful kind- 
ness or affection. — To be content, 
to be satisfied with. 

dydrcnroc, rj, ov (adj. from dyaTtdu, 
to love). Beloved, prized, cher- 
ished. 

'Ayavr/, ije, rj. Agave, daughter of 
Cadmus and Hermione, and moth- 
er of Pentheus. 

dyyelov, ov, to (from dyyoc, a vase, 
a vessel). A vessel, a receptacle, 
a basket, &c. 



ayyeTud, ag, rj (from uyyslog, a mes- 
senger). Intelligence, tidings, a 
message. 

dyyeTudtyopog, ov, 6 (from dyyzkia, 
intelligence, and (j>spo), to bring). 
A messenger, an envoy. 

dyyiTCku, fut. -e/lw, perf. 7jyyE2.ua, 
1st aor. ijyyetXa (from uyoj, to 
bring). To bring intelligence, to 
announce, to declare, to inform. 

uyyeXoc, ov, 6 (from ayyeKAu). A 
messenger. 

uyyoc, eoc, to. A pouch, a recep- 
tacle, a bag, a repository, a ves- 
sel. 

uyeipcj, fut. -epu, perf. rjytpua, with 
Attic redupl. ayrjyepica (from ayo, 
to drive). To gather together, to 
collect, to assemble. 

uyeXn, nc, rj (from ayo, to drive). A 
herd. 

uyevvr/c, eg (adj. from a, not, and ye- 
vog, noble birth). Ignoble, mean, 
base, illiberal, &c. 

dyevvnrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
yevvdto, to beget). Unbegotten, 
unborn, uncreated. 

dyevvtig (adv. from dyevvrjg). Illib- 
erally, meanly, cowardly, basely, 
&c. 

dynvopla, ag, r) (from dyrjvcjp, val- 
iant). Valour, impetuous daring. 

'Ayrjvup, opog, 6. Agenor, son of 
Neptune and king of Phoenicia. 
He was the father of Cadmus and 
Europa. 

dyrjpog, ov (adj. from a, not, and yfj- 
pag, old age). Not growing old, 
uninfluenced by age, imperishable. 

"'AynolTiaog, ov, 6. Agcsilaus, a cel- 
ebrated king of Sparta and mili- 
tary leader. 

■ 'AynaiTToTug, Tog, 6. Agesipolis, a 
king of Sparta. 

aytog, a, ov (adj.). Sacred, venera- 
ble, holy, pure, revered, &c. 

J Ayig, idog, 6. Agis, a name com- 
mon to several Spartan kings. 

dytcyrevo), fut. -evau, perf. ■hyiarev- 
/ca (probably from dytarog, the su- 
perl. of dytog). To be sacred, to 
be holy, to be pure. — Primitive 
meaning, to perform sacred rites, 
to observe religious usages. 

dynakig, iSog, rj (from dyia], obsolete, 
384 



Arp 

the arm in a bent state). The arm,. 
The term refers to the arm in a 
bent state, ready to receive some 
object or take something. 

dyKtarpuS^g, eg (adj. from dynia- 
rpov, a fishhook, and eldog, appear- 
ance). Barbed, hooked. 

uyicvpa, ag, rj. An anchor. (Com- 
pare, as regards the root, the theme 
assigned to dynaXtg.) 

dyTidog, a, ov (adj. probably for dyd- 
%6g, from dyd/Ho), to make splen- 
did). Splendid, brilliant, illustri- 
ous. 

dyvoecj, <J, fut. -fjao, perf. riyvonna 
(from a, not, and yvoecj, old form 
for voho, to know). To be igno- 
rant of, to be unacquainted vnth, 
not to comprehend. — ovk dyvoti, 
" lam well aware," " I know well." 

dyvoia, ag, ij (from dyvoeo). Igno- 
rance, inadvertence, inexperience, 
unskilfulness. 

'Ayvovidr/g, ov, 6. Agnbnides, a 
rhetorician of Athens, who accu- 
sed Phocian of betraying the Pi- 
raeus to the Macedonian general 
Nicanor. 

dyvug, 6v, genitive -firog (adj. from 
a, not, and yvuarbg, known). Un- 
known. 

dyvuarog, ov (adj. from the same). 
Unknown. 

dyopd, dg, r) (from fjyopa, perf. mid. 
of dyeipo, to collect). A market- 
place, a public place, a forum. 

dyopd^o, fut. -dau, perf. r)yopuK.a 
(from dyopd). To buy, to make 
traffic, to purchase. 

dyopevo), fut. -evau, perf. r)y6pevica, 
and, in the middle, dyopevouac 
(from dyopd). To harangue, to 
speak in public, to announce. 

dypa, ag, r). The chase, hunting, 
game, prey, capture, &c. 

dypuuuuTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
ypduuara, learning, plural of 
ypdp.ua). Illiterate, icnlcarned. 

dypevu, fut. -evaa, perf. riyptvua. 
To hunt, to take, to catch, to cap- 
ture. 

dypiog, a, ov (adj. from dypog, coun- 
try). Rustic, savage, wild, cruel, 
fierce, untamed. — dypca, neut. as 
an adverb, cruelly, fiercely. 



uypiorng, nrog, rj (from dypiog). 
Wildness, rusticity, savagencss, 
fierceness, cruelty, &c. 

aypouiia, ac, t) (from dypoiaog). 
Boorishness, rusticity. 

uypolKOc, ov (adj. from dypog, coun- 
try, and o'ikeu, to inhabit). Boor- 
ish, clownish, rustic. 

dypog, ov, 6. A field, land, country, 
territory, region, &c. 

dyporelpa, ag, ij (fern, of dyporrjp). 
Rustic. 

uyporepoc, a, ov (adj. poetic form for 
dypiog). Rustic, pertaining to 
the country, &c. 

dypvKvecj, w, fut. -7700, perf. rjypvrc- 
vrjKa (from dypvrcvog, sleepless). 
To take no rest, to watch careful- 
ly, to go without sleep. 

dyvtd, ag, i) (from dyu, to lead). A 
street, a public way. 

uyvprnc, ov, 6 (from dyelpu, to col- 
lect, i. e., a crowd). A juggler, 
a mountebank, a quack, &c. 

ayxC (adv.). Near. 

ayx'ivota, ac, t) (from dyx'tvovg, pos- 
sessing presence of mind). Acute- 
ness, intelligence, cunning, pene- 
tration, slyness. 

dyxovn, tjc, i] (from dyx<u). Strangu- 
lation, hanging. — A rope (for 
hanging), a cord, &c. 

ayxo>, fut. -fw, perf. i)yxa, to choke, 
to strangle, to choke by hanging, 
to hang. 

ayu, fut. ago, perf. fya, with the 
Attic redupl. dyfjoxa., 2d aor. r)yd- 
yov, perf. pass, rjyfiai. To lead, 
to drive, to bring, &c. — axoT^jv 
ayeiv, to be at leisure. — eiprjvriv 
dyetv, to be at peace, &c. — dye, 
the imperative, often taken as an 
adverb, come, come on, &c, i. e., 
bring thyself. 

dyuyrj, rjg, t) (from dyu). A mode 
of life. Literally, the act of lead- 
ing or bringing. 

dy6v, tivoc, 6 (from dyu). A con- 
test, a combat, a game. 

dycovcdo), £>, fut. -ao~cj, perf. rjyuvid- 
kcl (from dyuv). To contend, to 
strive eagerly. — To be anxious, to 
be solicitous, to fear. 

dyuvi&fiai, fut. -laouai, perf. rjyu- 
VLCuai (from dyuv). To contend, 
K K 



AAI 

to combat for a prize at the games, 
to struggle earnestly. 

dyuvtfT/Lia, arog, to (from dyiovi^o- 
fiat). A contest, a combat, a strug- 
gle, a battle, &c. 

dyovtuTrjg, ov, 6 (from dyuvi^o/xai). 
A combatant (at the games), an 
opponent, a contender, &c. 

ddafiuvrlvog, n, ov (adj. from d6u/j.ag, 
hardest iron). Made of hardest 
iron, hard as iron, firm, strong y 
hard. — Adamantine, invincible. 

ddd/j,aarog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
dafido, to subdue). Unsubdued, 
untamed, unbroken (as of horses), 
unconquerable. 

dddntyayog, ov (adj., poetic form for 
ddncpdyog, from ddr/v, excessively, 
and (pdyu, to eat). Voracious, 
gluttonous, insatiate. 

dderjg, eg (adj. from a, not, and deog, 
fear). Fearless. 

d6e7i(pr), fjg, t) (from ddelcpog). A 
sister. 

dde?.(j>idovg, ov, 6 (from dSeXtyog). A 
brother's or sister's son, a nephew. 

ddeltyog, ov, 6 (from a, for dp.a, to- 
gether, and deX<pvg, a womb). A 
brother. 

ddecig (adv. from dderjg). Fearlessly, 
without alarm, securely, calmly, 
&c. 

ddnhog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
dijlog , manifest). Obscure, uncer- 
tain, unknown, &c. 

"Aidvg, ov, 6 Attic (Ionic, Atdng, do 
and eu) contracted aSng, ov, and 
also "Aig (obsolete form), gen. 
'Aidoc, dat. "Aldi, &c. (from a, 
not, and idelv, 2d aor. infin. of 
eldcj, to see). Pluto, as god of 
the lower and invisible world ; 
hades, or the lower and invisible 
world ; the shades, the lower re- 
gions. — elg "Atdov, and elou "Ac- 
dog, into hades, i. e., into the 
mansion of Pluto, 66fiov being un- 
derstood, or some other equivalent 
term. — tv dSov, and elv 'Atddo, in 
hades, supply douu, &c. 

ddtaXeiirTog (adv. from ddidXenrrog, 
incessant). Incessantly, unceas- 
ingly. 

ddiarvTtcjTog, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and diarvrcoo), to fashion). Un- 
385 



AEI 

formed, undelineated, not marked 
out. 

dSiKeu, w, fut. -yao>, perf. TjdiKyna 
(from ddiicoc). To act unjustly, 
to wrong, to injure. 

ddtnyud, drog, to (from ddi/iso). 
Injustice, an act of injustice, a 
wrong, an injury ', &c. 

adlnTa, ag, y (from ddlaog). Injus- 
tice. 

ddiKog, ov (adj. from a, not, and dear], 
justice). Unjust. 

ddifcog (adv. from ddctcog). Unjustly. 

adivoe, y, ov (adj. from ddyv, exces- 
sively). Dense, thick, abundant, 
frequent, crowded, vehement, in- 
tense, &c. — ddlvd, neut. taken 
adverbially, densely, in great num- 
bers, abundantly, excessively. — 
Hence, loudly. 

"Ad/iyrog, ov, 6. Admetus, king of 
Pherae, in Thessaly. His life was 
prolonged by the voluntary death 
of his wife Alcestis in his stead. 

adoTieaxoc, ov, 6 (from ado, to sa- 
tiate, and XeoxVi conversation). 
Loquacious, talkative, a prater, a 
talkative person, &c. 

adot-la, ag, if (from ddo^og, inglo- 
rious). Disgrace, dishonour, in- 
famy. 

u6ov?mtoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
dovhoo, to enslave). Unsubdued, 
unenslaved, free. 

ddvvdrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
dvvaroc, able). Impossible, una- 

udvg, Doric for ydvg. 

ado (contracted from deidcS), fut. 
dau, perf. yaa, perf. pass, yofiat. 
To sing. 

dS6v, Doric for dyduv. 

'Adovtg, Idoc, 6. Adonis, a beauti- 
ful youth, beloved by Venus. He 
was killed by a wild boar in hunt- 
ing. 

del (adv.). Always. Poetic form 
alu. 

aeidot (contracted into ado. See 
ado), fut. deiou, perf. fjELna. 

aeudjc, ic (adj. from a, not, and el- 
ude, what is becoming). Unbe- 
coming, unseemly, disgraceful, 
mean. 

aet/dfa, fut. -i(76), perf. rje'uuna (from 
386 



A9H 

detKTJc). To treat ignominiously, 
to maltreat, to deform, &c. The 
prose form is alai^o, the poetic 
uelklCo. 

deipu, fut. depo, perf. yepKu, 1st 
aor. yeipd ; without the augment, 
deipd (poetic form for alpo). To 
raise, to take up, to lift. 

dena&uevoc, y, ov (pres. part. pass. 
ofae/edfa). Reluctant. Literally, 
being compelled, acting under com- 
pulsion. 

divvdog, ov (adj. from del, ever, and 
vdo, to flow). Overflowing. 

depyeiy, yg, y (Ionic and poetic form 
for depyta, from a, not, and ipyov, 
work). Idleness, laziness. Lit- 
erally, want of employment. 

depoEidric, eg (adj. from drjp, in its 
Homeric signification of dusky air, 
and sldog, appearance). Cloudy, 
dusky, dark. — Airy, i. e., resem- 
bling dark air, &c. 

dsrog, ov, 6. An eagle. — A surname 
of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. 

dydia, ac, y (from dydyg, displeas- 
ing). Displeasure, disgust, re- 
pugnance, &c. 

dydov, ovog, y (from dsido). The 
nightingale. 

dyp, ipog, y, more rarely 6 (from 
ayui, or ow, to blow). The air. 

dfjTTyTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
yrrdo, to vanquish). Unconquer- 
ed, unsubdued. — Unconquerable, 
invincible. 

'A-&duag, avrog, 6. Athdmas, king 
of Thebes, in Boeotia. He mar- 
ried Nephele, by whom he had 
Phryxus and Helle. 

d-d-dvdold, ag, y (from ddavdrog). 
Immortality. 

d&dvdrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
■&dvdrog, death). Immortal, ever- 
lasting. 

d-&aiTTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
iM7ttw, to bury). Unburied. 

d-&EUTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
■fteaofiai, to behold). That cannot 
be seen, invisible, unseen. 

"'A&nvd, ag, t). Minerva, the god- 
dess of wisdom, war, and the arts. 
She was produced from the brain 
of Jupiter. The right of naming 
the city of Cecrops was given to 



AGP 
her, in preference to Neptune, and 
she called it after herself, and be- 
came the tutelary goddess of the 
city. 

' A.$fiva& (adv. equivalent to "'A-d-f)- 
vaade, accus. plur. of 'A&ijvai, 
with the enclitic de, denoting mo- 
tion towards). To Athens, or to- 
wards Athens. 

'Adj/vat, €)v, at (from 'AiJ^a). 
Athens, the capital of Attica. 

'A&nvair/, vq, t) (poetic' form for 
'AiS-rjva). Minerva. 

'A&vvaioq, a, ov (adj. from 'AiS-r}vai). 
Athenian. — An Athenian. — In the 
plural, 'Atinvatot, uv, oi, the Athe- 
nians. 

'A&rjvn, nq, r) (Tonic form for 'A&Tj- 
va). Minerva. 

'A-Stjvti&ev (adv. equivalent to C7r' 
'A-&?jvuv). From Athens. 

'Adqvjjcu (adv. equivalent to kv 
'Ad-rjvatq). In Athens. 

a&lnotq, ecjq, r) (from adXeu, to 
combat). Athletic exercise, exer- 
cise in general, a combat, a con- 
test, a toiling in conflict. 

a&\r}Tr)g, ov, 6 (from &-&loq, a con- 
test). An athlete, a champion at 
the games, a wrestler. 

a&lioq, ov, and also a, ov (from 
a&loq, toil). Wretched, misera- 
ble, unhappy, &c. 

a$\Iuq (adv. from ai9vUoc). Mis- 
erably, wretchedly. 

afilov, ov, to (from dtfvloc). The 
prize of a contest, a reward, a 
recompense. 

adloq, ov, 6. A contest, especially 
in gymnastics, a combat, toil, la- 
bour, &c. 

a-&6pv6oc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
■&6pv6oq, tumult). Without tu- 
mult, untroubled, calm, undisturb- 
ed, &c. 

ad-opvBuq, (adv. from a-&6pv6oc). 
Without tumult, quietly, calmly. 

ad-pavoroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
■&pavu, to break in pieces). Un- 
broken, entire ; unhurt. 

ad-poc^u, fut. -gg), perf. 7/d-potK.a 
(from a&pooq). To gather togeth- 
er, to assemble, to collect. 

aftpooq, a, ov, and, contracted, 
cvd-povc, ovv (from a, for ayav, 



Air 

very, and d-pooq, clamour). Nu- 
merous, crowded, dense, frequent, 
abundant, &c. 

a-&vp.£o, C>, fut. -t/gu, perf. t)&v/i.?}ica 
(from utiv/jLoc, dispirited). To 
despond, to be dejected, to be spirit- 
less, &c. 

"Ad-uc, u, 6. Athos, a mountain in 
Macedonia, now called Monte 
Santo. 

at (interj.). Alas! wo! — It often 
indicates a wish, would that, and 
in Homer is always followed by 
yap or yap drj, with the optative. 

ala, vq, rj, Ionic and poetic for yala. 
The earth. 

atdfa, fut. -ago, perf. yax a (from 
al). To mourn, to lament. 

Alan ton q, ov, 6 (patronymic of Aia- 
koc). A son or descendant of 
Abacus. — In the plural, Alanidat, 
the Macidcz. 

Aiait6g, ov, 6. Abacus, son of Jupi- 
ter and ^Egina, king of the island 
of CEnopia, the name of which he 
changed to iEgina, in honour of 
his mother. For his piety and 
justice he was made a judge in the 
lower world. 

Alaq, avroc, 6. Ajax. There were 
two Grecian chieftains of this name, 
the one a son of Telamon, and na- 
tive of Salamis, the other a Lo- 
crian, and son of O'ileus. They 
both distinguished themselves in 
the war against Troy. 

alyetpoq, ov, r). A poplar. 

A'tyevq, euc, 6. Mgeus, king of 
Athens and father of Theseus. 

atytakoq, ov, 6 (from ayvvfit, to break, 
and akc, the sea). A coast, a sea- 
shore, a shore, a strand. 

aiyidlov, ov, to (diminutive from alt;, 
a goat). A kid. 

Alylva, nc, rj. Angina, an island in 
the Sinus Saronicus, near the 
coast of Argolis, and now called 
Engia. 

Alytvf)Tnq, ov, 6 (from Alylva). A 
native of Angina, an Mginetan. 

alyioxoq, ov, 6 and r) (from Alyiq, 
the cBgis, and e^o, to have or 
bear). The Mgis-bearer, an ep- 
ithet of Jupiter and Minerva. 

alyiq, tSoq, r) (from alt;, a goat, ac- 
387 



Aie 

cording to the common etymol- 
ogy, but more properly from ataau, 
to rush, to move rapidly). An 
agis, part of the armour of Jupi- 
ter and Minerva. Originally a 
goatskin wound around the arm as 
a shield or defence ; afterward the 
shield of Jove, &c. — In a figura- 
tive sense, alyig also denotes a 
storm, a tempest, darkness, clouds, 
thunder and lightning, as aroused 
by the rapid movements of the 
aegis of Jove. 

alyorptxscj, ti, fut. -yaio, perf. yyo- 
rpixnna (from alt;, a goat, and 
■&pi%, rplxoc, hair). To have 
goafs hair. 

AlyviTTLOc, a, ov (adj. from Aiyvn- 
roc). Egyptian. — In the plural, 
AlyvKTioi, oi, the Egyptians. 

AtyviTTOc, ov, i]. Egypt. 

AlyvnToc, ov, 6. 1. Mgyptus, an 
early king of Egypt, son of Belus, 
and brother of Danaus. 2. The 
^ Nile. 

aldeopat, ovpai, fut. -eoofiai, and 
-7/GO/j.ai, perf. pass. ySeofiai (from 
aldog, respect). To reverence, to 
respect, to dread, to stand in awe 
of. — To be ashamed, to be abashed. 

aldy/iiov, ov (adj. from aldeo/uai). 
Decorous, well-mannered. — Mod- 
est, abashed, ashamed. 

aldZoc, a, ov (adj. from del, ever). 
Lasting, uninterrupted, perennial. 
— Everlasting. 

aldoloc, a, ov (adj. from al66c). In- 
spiring awe, revered, venerable. — 
Feeling shame, bashful. 

aldtoc, 6og, contr. ovc, tj. Shame, 
reverence, respect, modesty, deco- 
rous behaviour, &c. 

aid (adv. poetic form for ad). Al- 
ways, ever. 

AItjtvc, ov, 6. Metes, king of Col- 
chis and father of Medea. 

al&aXudnc, eg (adj. from ald-aky, 
soot, and eldoc, appearance). Fu- 
liginous, sooty, black, smoky. 

ac&jjp, epoc, 6 and y (from ald-u, to 
burn). The upper air, the sky, 
cBthcr, the empyreal region. 

A'c&iOTcXd, ag, rj. Ethiopia, an ex- 
tensive country of Africa, south of 
Egypt. 
388 



AIO 

Al'&tomKoc, ?;, ov (adj. from Ai&io- 
7tia). Ethiopian. 

AI-&101JJ, onog, 6 (from al-&to, to burn, 
and uf, the visage). An Ethio- 
pian. 

aWovaa, yg, y (from aWo, to sun 
one's self). A porch, generally in 
an eastern position, in order to sit 
and enjoy the sun ; also the place 
where strangers slept. 

ald-cnp, ottoc (adj. from aldog, dark 
red ox fiery, and vip, look). Burn- 
ing, fiery, &c. — al&oip olvog, dark 
red wine; according to some, how- 
ever, fiery wine. 

ald-pia, ag, y (from aldr/p, pure air). 
Fair clear weather, open air, clear, 
keen, frosty weather. 

ai-d-o) (used only in the present and 
imperfect). To burn, to be on fire, 
to blaze, to set in a blaze. 

allovpog, ov, 6 and y. A cat. 

alua, arog, t6. Blood. 

aifxuocro, fut. -fw, perf. y/uaxa (from 
atfia). To render bloody. To be 
bloody. 

Alpiikiavog, ov, 6. Mmilidnus, the 
surname of Scipio Africanus the 
younger, derived from his father 
Paulus Mmilius. 

Alvecag, ov, 6. Apneas. 1. A Tro- 
jan prince, son of Anchises and 
Venus, and the hero of Virgil's 
^Eneid.— 2. The third king of Al- 
ba, surnamed Silvius. 

alveu, £>, fut. -efru, perf. yvena, perf. 
pass. yvrifiat, 1st aor. pass, yve&yv 
(from alvog, praise). To praise, 
to commend, to approve. 

alvLypa, arog, to (from alviaoofiai, 
to speak enigmatically, perf. yviy- 
/uai). An enigma, a riddle, a dark 
saying. 

alvo/Ltopog, ov (adj. from alvog, 
wretched, and fibpog, fate). Ill- 
fated, wretchedly unfortunate. 

alvog, rj, ov (adj. Ionic and poetic for 
detvog). Wretched, dreadful, dire, 
woful. 

alvog (adv. from alvog). Extremely, 
greatly, fearfully, &c. 

al%, alyog, y (from aiocru, to move 
rapidly). A she-goat, a goat. 

alolog, y, ov (adj.). Active, nimble, 
fleet. — Of varied colours, varie- 



AI2 
gated, like bodies in rapid move- 
ment. 

a'nroXog, ov, 6 (for aiyoTtoXoQ, and 
this from alt;, a goat, and ttoMcj, 
to tend). A goatherd. 

a'lpeacg, sug, y (from alpso/xat, to se- 
lect for one's self). A taking for 
one's self, a choice, a preference, a 
selection. — A mode of life. — A sect 
of philosophy. 

ilperog, rj, ov (adj. from the same). 
Taken, chosen, selected. — Eligible, 
preferable, desirable. 

ilpio, ti, fut. -ijaii, perf. ypnua, 2d 
aor. tYkov, 2d aor. infin. ekelv, 2d 
aor. mid. elTid/inv. To take, to 
catch, to seize, to choose, to select, 
to prefer. — fidWov alpiouai, I pre- 
fer, i. e., I choose rather for myself. 
ipo, fut. apu, perf qpua, 1st aor. 
Tjpa (contracted from dsipcj). To 
lift, to raise, to pull up, to elevate, 
&c. 
\i'f (obsolete nominative, from 
which come "A'idog gen., "Aide 
dat., &c). Pluto, hades. See 
"Aidng. 

Hiaa, ng, fj. Destiny, fate. 

ala&dvo/j.at, fut. alv&jjaofiai, perf. 
ya&n/xat, 2d aor. ya&Sjunv. To 
perceive, to feel, to observe, to un- 
derstand,. 

ala&naig, eug, rj (from alad-dvo/nai). 
The act of perceiving, perception, 
feeling, a sense, &c. 

Alaxivrjg, ov, 6. Mschines, an 
Athenian orator, and the political 
opponent of Demosthenes. He 
was born 397 B.C. 

aloxi-o-Ta (adv. neuter pi. of alaxt-a- 
rog, the superlative of alaxpog). 
Most disgracefully, most foully, 
most shamefully. 

alaxog, eog, to. Baseness, infamy, 
disgrace ; deformity, ugliness. 

alaxpog, a, ov (adj. from alaxog). 
Disgraceful, base, shameful. — De- 
formed, ugly. — Comp. alaxlcjv, 
superl. alaxtorog. 

aiGXptig (adv. from alaxpog). Base- 
ly, shamefully, disgracefully, foul- 
ly.- -Comp. alaxiov, superl. ala- 
Xt-ara. These, however, are strict- 
ly neuter forms of the comp. and 
superl. of alaxpog. 
K k2. 



AI$ 

Alffxplog, ov, p. Mschylus, a cele- 
brated tragic poet, and a native of 
Eleusis, in Attica. Born 525 B.C. 

alaxvvn, ng, r} (from alaxog, dis- 
grace). Shame, disgrace, infa- 
my, &c. 

alaxvvtj, fut. -vv&, perf. f/axvyna 
(from alaxog). To produce shame, 
to make ashamed, to treat shame- 
fully, to disgrace. — In the middle, 
alaxvvofiai, to feel ashamed, to 
dread, to reverence, to respect, &c. 
— 1st fut. pass, alaxvv&ijaofiai, 
perf. pass. yaxv[i[J.aL. 

A'iaov, ovog, 6. JEson, brother of 
Pelias, and father of Jason. 

alrio, C), fut. -ijao), perf. firr/tca. To 
ask, to request, to beg, to demand. 
— In the middle, alreofcaL, to ask 
for one's self, &c. 

atria, ag, rj. A cause, a motive, a 
pretext. — A charge, a complaint, 
an accusation, a cause in a court 
of justice, a suit, &c. 

alridouai, ufiat, fut. -aao/uai,, perf. 
yriauat (from alrla, a charge or 
complaint). To charge, to blame, 
to complain of, to accuse, &c. 

alrcareog, a, ov (verbal adj. from 
alrtdofiaL). Deserving of being 
blamed, to be blamed, to be incul- 
pated. — The neuter alriareov de- 
notes necessity, like the gerund in 
-dum, in Latin ; as, fiol alriariov 
hart, " I must blarney 

alrlov, ov, to. A cause, a ground, 
a reason, a motive. 

alriog, a, ov (adj. from alrla). In 
fault, culpable. — Blamed, reproved. 
— That causes or produces, that is 
the origin of, either in a good or 
bad sense. 

alriog, ov, 6 (from alrla). A cul- 
prit, an accused person, &c. 

Alrvn, ng, rj. JEtna, a volcano of 
Sicily, now called Etna ox Monte 
Gibello. 

Alrulld, ag, i]. JEtolia, a country 
of northern Greece, to the east of 
Acarnania. 

AlroXlg, Idog, tj. An JEtoUan fe- 
male. — As an adjective, Mtolian. 

AlroTioi, €)v, ol. The Mtolians. 

al(f)vlSlcjg (adv. from al(pvl6log, sud- 
den). Suddenly, on a sxodden. 
389 



AKE 

alx/J-aXo)Ti^o), fut. -£<7«, perf. rpyxa- 
XuTZna (from aix^dlcorog). To 
make prisoner, in war. 

aix^a^kurog, ov (adj. from aixpi?, a 
spear-point, and dhurog, taken). 
A captive, a prisoner of war. 

alipa (adv.). Quickly, speedily, in- 
stantly, immediately. 

altJv, tivoc, 6, and in the epic poets 
and tragedians r) (from aid, al- 
viays, and uv, being). Time, an 
age, eternity. 

aitovtoc, ov, and a, ov, (from ai6v). 
Permanent, enduring, eternal, ev- 
erlasting. 

aiupsu, C), fut. -7]ao, perf. rjupnfca 
(a poetic form of deipu). To 
raise on high, to lift up. — In the 
middle voice, alupeo/xat., ovuai, to 
be in anxious expectation, to be in 
great uncertainty, to be in sus- 
pense, &c. 

aKaipoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Kaipoc, season). Untimely, un- 
seasonable, out of season, inoppor- 
tune, improper. 

aaauTTTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
KafiTTTO), to bend). Unmoved. 

axav&a, rje, t) (from din), a point). 
A thorn, a prickle. — A quill of a 
porcupine. 

'Anapvdv, avoe, 6 and 7). An Acar- 
nanian. — 'Atcapvavec, ov, ol. The 
Acamanians, a people of northern 
Greece, to the west of iEtolia. 

anapTrla, ac, t) (from aKapirvc). Un- 
fruitfulness, barrenness. 

anapnoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Kapnoc, fruit). Unfruitful, un- 
productive. 

"A/coscrroc, ov, 6. Acastus, son of 
Pelias, king of Thessaly. 

anaxifa, fut. -lau, perf. r/naxtica 
(from dauxio). To afflict, to grieve, 
to trouble, &c. 

an&xu (not used in the present, from 
dx°ii g r i e f)i f ut - duaxvcro, 2d aor. 
ijKdxov, perf. pass, r}Kaxnuac. To 
afflict, to grieve, to trouble, &o. 

anepaioc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Ktpdvvvui, to mix). Unmixed, 
-pure, entire, perfect. —'Unharmed, 
uninjured. 

'Anealvnc, ov, 6, and 'AneaTvog, ov, 
6. The Acesines, a large and rapid 
390 



AKO 

river of India, falling into the In- 
dus. Now called the Ravei ; or, 
more correctly perhaps, the Je- 
naub. 

'AneoTodupoc, ov, 6. Acestodorus, 
a Greek historian. 

anndTJc, eg (adj. from a, not, and 
nr/dog, care). Not taken care of, 
neglected. — Without funeral hon- 
ours, unburied. — Careless, indif- 
ferent. 

dnrjv (an old adverbial form). Con- 
sult note on verse 28, page 159. 

anndeuTwc (adv. from aK^dearoc, 
neglected). Heedlessly, careless- 
ly, cruelly, unfeelingly. 

dnivdvvoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
klv&vvoc, danger). Without dan- 
ger, secure, &c. 

afcivdvvoc (adv. from dnivdvvoc). 
Safely, securely, &c. 

an'XavaToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Kkaiu, fut. KlavoG), to weep). Un- 
wept, unlamented. 

a/cZavroc, ov (adj. from same). Un- 
wept, unlamented. This is the 
earlier form. 

duTinpea), w, fut: -yao, perf. rjKkrjpn- 
Ka (from aicXnpoc, without a lot, 
share, or portion). To be poor, to 
be unfortunate. 

atcAvToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
nateo), to invite). Uninvited, un- 
called, unsummoned. 

dufid^G), fut. -dau, perf. rjn/iana (from 
aKfirj). To be at the highest point, 
to be at the height, to bloom, to 
flourish, to prevail. — To be impor- 
tant, to excite attention, &c. 

uKuaioc, a, ov (adj. from ukut)). At 
the acme, at the height. — Ripe, 
blooming, in fill season. — At the 
critical or fitting time, seasonable. 

dtcuij, rje, 7] (from a/07, # point}. 
A point, an edge. — The highest 
degree or point. — Bloom, full 
growth, vigour, energy. 

dupr/v (adv., properly the aecus. sing, 
of d/cp?). Instantly. 

uK/u^c, fjToq (adj., common gender, 
from a, not, and ku/livo), to be worn 
down by toil). Fresh, unfatigued. 

duori, ye, i] (from d/coi^u, to hear). 
The hearing. — Report, rumour. 

ukoctlc, tog, 7) (from a, for a^o> to- 



AKP 

gether, and Koirn, a couch). A 
spouse, the partner of one's couch, 
a wife. 

aico?^ov&eo, 6, fut. -tjgu, perf. tjko- 
Xovdrjua (from a for ufia, together, 
and nehev&oe, a path). To follow. 

anovTi^a), fut. -toco, perf. r/KovrlKa 
(from clkov, a javelin). To hurl 
the javelin. — To hurl, to fling. 

ukovtIov, ov, to (dimin. of atcuv). A 
small dart, a javelin. 

ukqvcsIoq, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
itcovcrioc, voluntary). Unwilling, 
involuntary, constrained, forced, 
compelled, reluctant. 

ukovo), fut. mid. uKoiaouaL, perf. act., 
in later writers, 7jk.ovk.cl, perf. mid. 
fjKoa, and with the Attic redupl., 
UKTjKoa, perf. pass. rjKOvauaL. To 
hear. — sv ukovelv, to he well spo- 
ken of, i. e., to hear well of one's 
self ; KaKtic ukovelv, to be ill spo- 
ken of, &c. 

aKpa, ac, i) (properly feminine of 
UKpoc, with an ellipsis of x"P a > or 
some other noun). A height, a 
summit, an elevation, a citadel. 

'AKpayavTLvoc, ov, 6 (from 'AKpayac, 
avroc, Agrigentum). An Agri- 
gentine, or native of AgrigentiLm. 
— 'AKpayavTLvoL, ol, the Agrigen- 
tines, a people of Sicily. 

iiKpaala, ac, i) (from aKparfjc, incon- 
tinent). Intemperance. 

aKparoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
npuoLC, mixture). Unmixed, pure, 
generally said of wine, and hence, 
strong. 

aKpZ6eLa, ac, rj (from uKplBrjc). Ac- 
curacy, exactness, precision, dili- 
gence, purity, &c. 

dxplBf/c, eg (adj. from u.Kpog, extreme, 
and (3dcj, to proceed). Accurate, 
exact, precise, nice, pure, &c. — 
£71^ ciKplSeg, with precision, in an 
exact, or accurate manner, &c. 

aKpidoo), 6>, fut. -cjctw, perf. r/KpiduKa 
(from uKpl&rjc). To examine ac- 
curately, to ascertain with exact- 
ness, to know exactly, to he well 
versed in, &c. 

iiKplfjuc (adv. from aKplSr/g}. Ex- 
actly, accurately, nicely, &c. 

'AKploloc, ov, 6. Acrishcs, king of 
Argos, and father of Danae. 



AKT 
uKpouoLC, cue, t] (from dKpououai, to 
listen). The act of listening, a 
hearing, a lectiLre, a discourse. 

uKpo6a.T£u, C), fut. -rjGO), perf. r/Kpo- 
6a.Tr/Ka (from uKpoc, extreme, and 
fiarr/p, from j3aLvo, to go). To 
walk on the toes, to walk on tiptoe, 
to move on tiptoe. 

unpoSpvov, ov, to (from aKpoc, high 
at top, and dpvc , a tree). A fruit- 
tree. — to, uKpodpva, fruits, having 
a shell, or ligneous covering, and 
generally such as grow high up on 
trees. 

ciKpod-lvlov, ov, to (from UKpoc, at 
top, and -&iv, a heap). The first 
fruits, offered to the gods. Liter- 
ally, "the top of the heap,''' 1 this 
part, as the best and choicest, be- 
ing offered up. Said of offerings 
of all kinds, but especially of booty, 
&c, taken in war. 

CLKpvKodnTL (adv. from uKpog, ex- 
treme, and ttovc, afoot). On tip- 
toe. 

uKpoiTOALC, sue i) (from uKpoc, on 
high, and tcoalc, a city). A cita- 
del, an acropolis. Said especially 
of the citadel or Acropolis of Ath- 
ens. 

uKpoc, a, ov (adj. from ukt), a point). 
Lofty, at top, extreme, Mghest, and 
hence, excelling, superior, &c. — 
aKpoie role TTOcri, with the toes ; 
aKpoL Sq.ktv2,ol, the tips of the fin- 
gers. — In the neuter plural, uKpa, 
summits, heights, &c, x^P ia ^ e " 
ing understood. 

uKpuTyjpLd^cj, fut. -aau, perf. TjKpo- 
TvpiaKa (from aapcj-Triptov). To 
cut off the extremities of anything, 
to mutilate at the extremities ; 
hence, generally, to mutilate. 

CLKpurrfpIov, ov, to (from aKpoc, ex- 
treme). The extreme point of any 
object, hence a promontory. 

'Aurauov, ovog, 6. Actceon, a fa- 
mous hunter, son of Aristaeus and 
Autonoe. He was changed by 
Diana into a stag, and was hunted 
down and torn into pieces by his 
own dogs. 

aKTr), rjg, 7} (from ayo or ayv%uL, to 
break). A shore, where the waves 
break. — A banket a river. — 'Akttj, 
391 



AAE 

Attica, so called, probably, from 
its extent of shore. 
anv6EpvriToc, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and KvSepvdcj, to pilot). Without 
a pilot, unguided. 

duvfiavTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
KVfiaivu, to rise in waves). Wave- 
less, calm, smooth. 

dicvfuov, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
KVfxa, a wave). Without waves, 
calm, tranquil. 

ukcov, ovaa, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
£kcov, willing). Unwilling, reluc- 
tant. 

aXafrvlfcoc, %, ov (adj. from aka&v). 
Boastful, arrogant, ostentatious, 
vain. 

aka&v, ovoc, 6 (from aXdofxat, to 
wander). A boaster, a vain per- 
son. The original meaning is " a 
person who roams about like a vag- 
abond," and it coincides nearly 
with dyvprng, " a mountebank," 
" a quack," " a fortune-teller." 

aladevc), Doric for dlrj&evco. 

'AXSdvla, ac, rj. Albania, a country 
of Asia, bordering on the Caspian 
Sea. 

AX6dvoi, cov, ol. The Albanians. 

d?i,yio, <y, fut. -rjaco, perf. r/lyrjKa 
(from dXyog). To suffer pain, to 
grieve, to be sad, to be afflicted, 
&c. 

ukyoc, eoc, to. Pain, suffering, 
grief, sorrow, &c. 

dleyecvog, rj, ov (adj., a form of dX- 
yetvoc, from u'Ayoc). Painful, 
afflicting, mournful, sorrowful, 
wretched. 

dTieccpco, fut. -tyo, perf., in later writers, 
7]7i0i<pa, Attic perf. dlrjTucpa, perf. 
pass. d?if/?ii[ifiat. To anoint, as 
for a contest ; hence, freely, to 
prepare. 

dheftrpvcov, ovoc, 6 and ij. A cock, 
a hen. 

'A/le gdvdpeia, ac, V- Alexandria, 
the capital of Egypt, under the 
Ptolemies, built by Alexander the 
Great, B.C. 332. 

'ATietjavdpevg, sue, 6. An Alexan- 
drian. 

'ATiegavdpoc, ov, 6 (from dle^co, to 
protect, and dvrjp, a man). 1. Al- 
exander, surnamed the Great, son 
392 



AAI 
of Philip of Macedon, born at 
Pella, B.C. 356.-2. A tyrant of 
Pherae, in Thessaly. 
dlrj-&ELd, ac, ij (from dlq-d-r/c). Truth. 
d?>rj-&ev(j), fut. -evaco, perf. T}Xr}-&evK.a 
(from <U??#77c). To speak the 
truth, to be true, to be sincere. 

dXn&TJc, eg (adj. from a, not, and 
Xt}-&co, to lie concealed). Trice, 
sincere, veracious, real. 

dhn&tic (adv. from d?irj-&7jc). Truly, 
really, exactly, honestly. — cog dXn- 
■&cog, in reality, truly. 

dlr]-&to, fut. -rjoco ; and also dleco, 
fut. -ecco ; Attic perf., with the re- 
dupl., dXrfkzKa, perf. pass. d\rfkza- 
fiai. To grind. 

dTirfkinnivog, rj, ov (perf. part. pass, 
of dXeicpo, with the Attic redupli- 
cation). 

dMavTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Ticd^ofiat, to turn aside). Not 
ceasing, incessant. — Not to be 
avoided, inevitable. 

aXiytilog, a, ov (adj.). Like. 

dXcvdeojuac, ovfeae (seldom used. In 
place of it KvXcvoeouat is em- 
ployed). To roam about, to wan- 
der. 

dTuog, a, ov (adj. from dig, the sea). 
Marine, appertaining to the sea, 
dwelling in the sea, &e. 

dTuog, ov, 6, Doric for rjlcog. The 
sun. 

dTug (adv.). In great numbers, in a 
crowd, in abundance. 

dTlanco (active form of the present 
obsolete. Vid. dTicGKOfiac). 

dTiioKOfiac (the active present dXccKCd 
is obsolete, and in its stead alpeco 
is employed) fut. dXcocro/nat- (from 
dXoco), 2d aor. ijXcov, Attic edlcov, 
perf. act. rfkcona, Attic kdJicona, 
2d aor inf. dXcovai, 2d aor. part. 
dTiovg. To take, to capture.- — The 
2d aor. act. and perf. act. are used 
with a passive signification ; thus, 
idXcov, I was taken; kdlcona, 1 
have been taken. 

dTuraivco, fut. dXcrriacd, perf. fairr)- 
Ka, 2d aor. tjXctov, 2d aor. mid. 
TjTiCTo^rjv. To commit a fault, to 
perpetrate a crime, to err, to sin, 
to offend against, to violate. 

dllrevrjg, eg (adj. from dXg, the sea, 



AAA 

and TEivu, to stretch towards). 
Low out of the water, shallow. 

dltrypcog, ov (adj. from aleifng, a 
wicked person). Guilty, laden 
with guilt, wicked. 

dltro) (not in use) ; from it comes 
tjIctov, 2d aor. assigned to dlt- 
raivu. 

(lKkt], r)g, 7]. Strength, courage, val- 
our, power, might. 

"AlunoTig, Idog, r). Alcestis, daugh- 
ter of Pelias, and wife of Admetus. 
She voluntarily laid down her own 
life to prolong that of her husband. 

'AltaStaorjg, ov, 6. Alcibiades, an 
illustrious Athenian commander 
and statesman, the son of Clinias, 
and nephew of Pericles. 

dlxlfiog, ov (adj. from dlnrj, courage, 
strength). Brave, valiant, strong, 
powerful. 

'Alutfxog, ov, 6. Alcimus, a Grecian 
warrior, and one of the followers 
of Achilles. 

' 'ATiKfirjvn , nc, rj. Alcmena, daugh- 
ter of Electryon king of Mycenae, 
and mother of Hercules by Jupiter. 

alia (conj. from dllog, other). But, 
however, notwithstanding, where- 
fore, &c. — olid jurjv, and yet; 
dlld ye, but at least, but surely ; 
alia yap, but indeed. 

dlldoato, fut. -go), perf. rjlldxa, 2d 
aor. rjlldyov (from dllog, anoth- 
er). To change, to alter. 

dllaxo&ev (adv. from dllaxov, with 
the termination -&ev, denoting mo- 
tion from). From another place, 
from another side. 

dllaxov (adv. from dllog, another). 
Elsewhere, on a different side, 
allot dllaxov, " some in one di- 
rection (or on one side), others in 
another." 

ally (adv., properly the dative sing. 
fem. of dllog, with x^P a under- 
stood). Elsewhere, in another 
'place or quarter. — allot ally, 
" some in this quarter, others in 
> mat." 

dllyluv (reciprocal pronoun, nom- 
inative wanting, used in the dual 
and plural). Of one another ; dat. 
dllyloig, &c, to one another, &c. 

dlloe$vr\g, eg (adj. from dllog, an- 



AAO 

other, and e&vog, a nation). Of 
another race, a stranger. 

dllo'&t (adv. from dllog, another). 
Elsewhere, in another place. 

dlloKorog, ov (adj. transp. for dl- 
XoroKog, from dllog, other than 
usual, and roKog, a birth). Un- 
common, strange, unusual, &c. 

dllop.at, fut. mid. dlovuat, perf. 
wanting, 1st aor. yld/iyv, 2d aor. 
yldfiyv, of which the 2d and 3d 
persons sing, are syncopated into 
dloo and dlro in Homer. To 
leap, to spring. 

dllog, tj, o (adj.). Another, other. 
Used adverbially in the neuter, to 
alio, rd alia, as to the rest, in 
other respects. — ol alloc, the rest. 
— dllog \iev, .... dllog de, one, 
.... another. 

dllore (adv. from dllog, and ore, 
when). At another time, at one 
time, at times. — allor'' en'' dllovg, 
now on these, now on those. 

dllorptog, a, ov (adj. from dllog, 
another). Foreign from, unsuit- 
able to, alienated, &c. Joined to 
a genitive of the person or thing. 

al?i,6<j>vlog, ov (adj. from dllog, 
another, and <j)vly, a tribe). Of 
another tribe, race, or nation, 
strange, foreign. 

d?ilcjg (adv. from dllog, another). 
Otherwise, differently. — Besides. 

aloyty, ng, Ionic for dloyia, ag, y 
(from a, not, and loyog, reflection) 
Folly, inconsiderateness, want of 
sense or reflection. — Neglect, con- 
tempt. 

aldytorog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
loyifr/iat, to calculate). Incon- 
siderate, thoughtless, foolish, want- 
ing in reflection. 

dloyog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 7m- 
yog, reason). Void of reason or 
sense, irrational, absurd, senseless. 

dlot;, OKog, y. A furrow. 

dlovpyyg, eg (adj. from dig, the sea, 
and epyov, a production). Purple, 
as referring to the dye obtained 
from the murex, a species of shell- 
fish. 

dloxog, ov, 7] (from a for dfia, to- 
gether, and lexog, a couch). A 



393 



AMA 

"A2,7retg, eo>v, at. The Alps. 

"ATnretog, a, ov (adj. from "Ahrretg). 
Alpine. — ra "A/iireta, the chain of 
the Alps, oprj being understood. 

&Xg, akog, 6. Salt. In the plural, 
witty sayings, witticisms, repar- 
tees. 

aXc, aloe, 7]. The sea. Of rare oc- 
currence in prose writers, -^dlaaca 
being there employed. 

akaog, eog, to. A grove, a sacred 
grove, a well-wooded place. 

akvoiTzkrjc, eg (adj. from a, not, and 
TiVGLieXrjg, profitable). Unprofita- 
ble, disadvantageous, injurious. 

akvGKu{,id, fut. -auto, perf. Tj'KvaKdKa, 
and also oXvgkio, fut. -v^o), perf. 
y\vxa, and with the Attic redupli- 
cation, ak7]\vx a - To avoid, to 
wander from, to shun, to escape 
from. 

'A?Mevg, eog and rjog, 6. Aloeus 
(three syllables), a giant, son of 
Neptune and Canace. He mar- 
ried Iphimedia, by whom Neptune 
had Otus and Ephialtes, brought 
up, however, by Aloeus, and hence 
called Aloldce. 

'A2,o)7reK7}d-ev (adv. from 'A?iG)7reK7], 
Alopcce, a borough of Attica). Of 
Alopece. 

alG)TT7]%, eKog, rj. A fox. 

ulog, 6> and uog, t) (in the plural 
mostly of the third declension). A 
threshing-floor. 

dhuatuog, ov (adj. from aXicK.op.ai, 
to capture). Easy to capture or 
take. 

a?i0)<7ig, eog, t) (from aklaKopat, to 
capture). A conquest, a capturing, 
a taking. 

afia (adv.). At the same time, at 
once, as soon as. — Sometimes ta- 
ken as a preposition with the da- 
tive, cvv being in reality under- 
stood, together with, along with, — 
"With pev and 6e, as dfta pev, dfia 
6e, at the same time, . ... at the 
same time, or, partly .... partly. 

'Apd&vlg, Xdog, t) (from 'A/zafcJv)- 
An Amazonian female, an Ama- 
zon.' 

'kua&v, ovog, tj (commonly, though 
incorrectly, derived from a, not, 
and uu&c, a breast). An Amazon, 
394 



AMB 
one of a race of warlike females, 
who are commonly supposed to 
have burned or cut off the right 
breast, in order to handle the bow 
more conveniently. One of their 
places of abode was the plain of 
Themiscyra, in Cappadocia, wa- 
tered by the river Thermodon. 

auaftrig, eg (adj. from a, not, and pav- 
d-avu, to learn). Unlearned, ig- 
norant. 

ap.atja, rjg, and apta^a, ng, tj (com- 
monly derived from u/ua, together, 
and ayo, fut. ago, to carry). 1. 
A wagon. 2. The Wain or Great- 
er Bear (Ursa Major), a constella- 
tion of the northern hemisphere, 
near the pole. 

dpa^lxog, 7), ov (adj. from apa^a). 
Belonging to a wagon. — ra apaE,- 
tud, the countries situate to the 
north. 

dpa^66tog, ov (adj. from dua^a, a 
wagon, and (3 tog, life). Living in 
wagons, that live in wagons. — du- 
ai;66ta e-dvn, nations that live in 
wagons, referring to the Scythi- 
ans. 

dpdtjotnog, ov (adj. from dpa^a, a 
wagon, and oIkeo, to dwell). Dwell- 
ing in wagons. — Apd^otKOi, oi, 
the wagon-inhabiting Scythians. 

dp.apra.vo), fut. mid. duapTTjOouat, 
perf. act. 7jp.dpT7)K.a, 2d aor. rjpap- 
tov, in Homer r/u6poTov. To miss, 
to err, to fail, to do wrong, to com- 
mit a fault, to sin. 

dpaprnpa, drog, to (from dfiaprdvo)). 
A failure, a fault, an error, an of- 
fence. 

dpaprtd, ag, i) (from duaprdvo)). An 
error, a fault, a crime. 

dpavpoo, £), fut. -uxjo), perf. Tjuavpu- 
Ka (from duavpog, dim, obscure). 
To obscure, to darken, to blind. — 
To enfeeble, to weaken, to destroy. 

du6uT0g, ov (adj. Tonic and poetic for 
dvdBdrog). Accessible. 

dpfkrjovv (adv. Ionic and poetic for 
dva6\rj6rjv, from dva6d7JX(j)). With 
sobs, sobbing. 

duBXvvu, fut. -vvco, perf. T/uBXvyica 
(from dp,67ivg). To blunt. — To 
render dim, said of the sight, hencej 
to weaken, said of strength. 



AMH 

dfiSXvc, eta, v (adj.)- Blunt, dull, 
weak, feeble, obtuse, &c. 

afiSXvuTTu, fut. -u%o) (from dp6?ive). 
To be weak of sight, to be dim of 
vision, to be blind. 

dp6poald, dg, i] (properly the fem. of 
dp&pocLog, with rpocpr/, food or sus- 
tenance, understood). Ambrosia, 
the food of the gods. 

ufifjpoaloc, a, ov (adj . from dpfjporog, 
immortal). Ambrosial, divine. 

ufj.ei6o), fut. -ipu, perf. ?)fj.et(pa, perf. 
mid. fifioiOa, 2d aor. ?iplCov. To 
change, to exchange. — To compen- 
sate, to repay, to requite, to re- 
munerate, to retaliate. — In the 
middle, dpetCopac, to answer, to 
reply to. 

'AfieLvlac, ov, 6. Aminws, the 
brother of ^Eschylus. He gained 
the prize of valour at the battle of 
Salamis. 

upelvuv, ov (adj., irregular compara- 
tive of ayufioc). Better, braver, 
superior to, &c. 

afieXyo), fut. -fw, perf. rjpe?^. To 
milk. 

afj,e?iECj, d, fut. -tjcu, perf. iipsXnKa 
(from dpelfig, free from care). To 
be free from core, to be unconcern- 
ed. — To neglect, to slight, to leave 
undone. 

dfieXuc (adv. from dpefajg, careless). 
Carelessly, without care, negli- 
gently. 

afi£fi7TTog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
pepepopac, to blame). Blameless, 
not to be blamed. 

ajzlTpoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and pi- 
rpov, measure). Without measure, 
immoderate. — Without metre, pro- 
saic, in prose. 

dperpug (adv. from dperpog). With- 
out bounds, immoderately. 

ofirixaveo), w, fut. -rjau, perf. yfinx- 
uvrjKa (from aurjxavoc, at a loss). 
To be at a loss, to be without any 
means or expedient, to know not 
what to do. 

ap.rixu.voc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
fj.nxo.vrj, an expedient). Without 
any expedient, at a loss, helpless. 
— Against whom expedients are of 
no avail, invincible, irresistible, 
wonderful. Hence apr]x avov oaov, 



AMU 

equivalent to the Latin mirum 
quantum. 

dpcXTia, vc, f/ (from upa, together, 
and Vkn, a troop or band ?). A 
contest, a struggle. 

dpiiKKdopat, tipat, fut. -rjcopai, perf. 
rju'CKkriuai (from dfj.t?Jia, a con- 
test). To contend, to struggle, 
to vie with one another, to emu- 
late. 

dpipr}~og, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
pepso/xae, to imitate). Not sus- 
ceptible of imitation, inimitable. — 
Not imitated. 

dpLo&i (adv. from upiod-oc). Without 
reward, without recompense, for 
nothing. 

ujj,Lod-oc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
fitaddg, a reward). Unrewarded. 

'Apictjdupog, ov, 6. Amisoddrus, a 
king of Caria. 

dppd, utoc, to (from dirru, to fasten 
or attach). A fastening, a knot, 
a band, a tie. In the plural, rd 
dp/xara, the hug of wrestlers, the 
arms being thrown around the op- 
ponent's neck. 

dppe, JEo\. and Dor. for tj/xuc. 

dppec, j^o\. and Dor. for rjpelc. 

dppil-ac for dvaui^ag, from dvaply- 
vvui, 1st aor. part, act, 

dp.fj.opog, ov (adj., poetic form for dp- 
opoc, from a, not, and fibpog, a lot 
or share). Having no share, de- 
prived, bereft. — Hence, unfortu- 
nate, unhappy, wretched, ill-fated. 

dfiuoc, ov, T]. Sand. 

dpuuSnc, eg (adj. from dppoc, sand, 
and eldoc, appearance). Sandy. 

dpvog, ov, 6. A lamb. 

dpocSy, fjc, rj (from dueiSo, to ex- 
change). A recompense, a return, 
an exchange. 

dpog, rj, ov, JEol. and epic for efioq. 

dp-rrehoc, ov, rj. The vine. — A vine- 
yard. 

dprcexu, fut. dp<pe^cj, 2d aor. rpiKia- 
Xov. To surround, to enclose. — 
In the middle, dp-xzxouai, fut. dp- 
<f>it;opai, 2d aor. 7jp.TaaxbfJ.rjv, with 
double augment, to cover one's 
self, to array one's self in, to put 
on. 

dpirvi;, vkoc, 6 and r) (from dp-irex^). 
A head-band, a fillet for the brow. 
395 



a/ivdpog, a, 6v (adj.). Obscure, faint, 
feeble, glimmering, slight. 

a/nv-&7jrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
(ivti-eofiai, to utter). Unutterable, 
not to be expressed. — Hence, im- 
mense, innumerable, infinite. 

djuvuuv, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
/utiuog, fault). Blameless, fault- 
less. Hence, eminent, distin- 
guished. 

Qjivva, 7\q, r) (from dfj.vvu). A de- 
fence, a warding off. — Retaliation, 
vengeance. 

a/ivvo), fut. -vvti, perf. r/uvyi<a. To 
ward off, to repel, with the accu- 
sative of the person or thingwarded 
off or repelled. — To keep off dan- 
ger from any one, and so, to de- 
fend, to aid, to assist, with the 
accusative of the person or thing 
kept off, and the dative of the per- 
son or thing defended. — In the 
middle voice, duvvouat, 1st aor. 
f)uvvdunv, 2d aor. t)fxvv6urjv. To 
repel from one's self, to defend 
one's self, with the accusative 
of the person or thing repelled. — 
To fight for or defend, followed 
sometimes hy a genitive with rcepi, 
at other times by a genitive alone. 
— To avenge, to revenge an injury 
done upon any one, having the 
person in the accusative, and fol- 
lowed by Tzspi with a genitive of 
the offence or cause. — To avenge 
one's self upon another. The per- 
son in the accusative. 

auvTTu> and auvaacj, fut. -v£;o), perf. 
rjuvxa. To scratch, to tear the 
surface. 

au<])L (prep.). Governs the genitive, 
dative, and accusative. With the 
genitive, about, round about (said 
of a place), of, concerning, respect- 
ing. — With the dative, round or 
about, near, by the side of. — With 
the accusative, round about, round, 
having relation to, about or nearly. 
Often joined with names of per- 
sons, and then denoting sometimes 
the individuals alone, sometimes 
these together with their attend- 
ants, &c. Consult notes. — In 
composition, around, &c. 

'Au<j>tdpdog, ov, 6. Amphiaraus, a 
396 



AM* 
celebrated Argive soothsayer and 
warrior, who lost his life in the 
war between Eteocles and Poly- 
nices for the crown of Thebes. 
He was swallowed up by the 
earth while engaged in the fight 
before the walls of Thebes. 

ajLUpi6o\oc, ov (adj. from duty&dXkio, 
to cast around in mind, to be in 
doubt). Doubtful, questionable, 
ambiguous, equivocal, fluctuating. 

'Autyiddfiag, avrog, 6. Amphiddmas, 
son of Buslris. 

dufedoKevu), fut. -evGQ, perf. a/Mpide- 
donevna (from autyi,, around, and 
the obsolete dotiEvu). To watch. 
Literally, to spy or observe all 
around. 

afi<j)ievvvut,, fut. autyieoci, Attic fut. 
dju(j)cu), 1st aor. rjutyieoa, perf. pass. 
rjutyieouai (from du<pi, and evvvul, 
to clothe). To put on (as clothes). 
— In the middle, du(j>iEwvuai, to 
put on one's self, to clothe one's 
self. 

du(j)i£TTO) and dutyiiro, 2d aor. dufe- 
ttov and dutyiEnov, which two are 
the only forms that occur in Ho- 
mer (from du(j)l, around, and the 
obsolete eitcj, to be occupied about). 
To employ one's self about or with, 
to attend to, to prepare. 

dutyL"&akr]c, ec (adj. from djifyi, all 
around, and ■d-dXXo), to bloom). 
Blooming all around, flourish- 
ing on all sides. Hence, figura- 
tively, one whose parents are both 
alive. 

du<j)tuaxofiai, fut. -EGouai, Attic -ov- 
uai (from du<pi, around, and /ud- 
%ouat, to fig ht). To fight around. 

'Au^LTvoXig, sue, i). Amphipolis, a 
city of Thrace, near the mouth of 
the Strymon. The ruins are now 
called Jenikevi. 

dp.tyi'Ko'koc, ov, 7) (from du(j>l, around, 
and tteTlu, to be). A handmaid, 
a female attendant. 

dfupic (adv. from du(f)i). Around, 
round about, on both sides. 

du(f)La6r]T£G), w, fut. -r}ao), perf. f)u- 
(pLcr&rJTvua (from du<plc, and flaivo, 
to go). To dispute, to contend, to 
differ in opinion from, &c. 

dutpioTOuog, ov (adj. from du(f>ig, on 



AN 
loth sides, and cro/ia, a mouth). 
Having two mouths or outlets. 

AjuQtTpiTn, rjc, ij. Amphitrile, daugh- 
ter of Oceanus and Tethys, and 
wife of Neptune. 

, Ap.<piTpvojv, uvog, 6. Amphitryon, 
a Theban prince, the husband of 
Alcmena. 

'Afuftluv, ovoc, 6. Amphion, son of 
Jupiter and Antiope, and famed 
for his skill in music. He was 
fabled to have built the walls of 
Thebes by the notes of the lyre, 
the stones being moved by the 
power of harmony, and taking of 
themselves their destined places 
in the work. 

dfJLtyopevg, eoc, 6 (from d/ucpc, on each 
side, and <pepu, to carry). An am- 
phora, a vase with two handles, 
for wine. — Any vessel with two 
handles, a bucket. 

d/Kporepoc, a, ov (adj. from a/Kpu). 
Both. 

ujLMJHo, to), rd, tu> (dual), and ol, al, 
rd (plural) ; genitive and dative 
ap.(pOLv, of all three genders. Both. 

ajLLu/uoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
/Litiftog, a fault). Blameless, fault- 
less. 

dv (conj., with the subjunctive mood) 
for edv, if. The Attic poets use 
r]v for edv, and never dv. 

av, a particle, which communicates 
to a clause, or sentence, an ex- 
pression of uncertainty, contin- 
gency, doubt, bare possibility, con- 
jecture, &c. It qualifies, or modi- 
fies, what would else be positive or 
peremptory, and hence may be 
frequently rendered by perhaps, 
probably, possibly, rather, hardly, 
&c. It conveys very often the 
meaning of may, might, could, 
would, should, &c. — With relative 
pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs 
it gives the indefinite signification 
of -ever, -soever ; as, dc. dv, who- 
ever ; ovdele av, nobody whatsoev- 
er ; on dv, whatever. — With the 
indicative, and especially the im- 
perfect, it very frequently express- 
es an action, as occurring, not at 
a fixed time, but when an occasion 
offers, and gives the meaning of 
Ll b 



ANA 
should or would have, had the op- 
portunity offered, or had some 
other action taken place. With 
the subjunctive, mostly with an 
adverb or relative pronoun, it com- 
municates an indeterminate signi- 
fication, -ever, -soever. With the 
optative it may generally be ren- 
dered may, might, could, would, 
&c, implying contingency, conjec- 
ture, &c. It is used also with this 
same mood, and with the impera- 
tive, to soften in each case the 
harshness of a command or asser- 
tion. With the infinitive and par- 
ticiples, it imparts the same signifi- 
cation that the optative, subjunc- 
tive, or indicative with dv, would 
have in the resolution by the finite 
verb. — It is often repeated in a 
sentence, especially by the Attics, 
to mark the indeterminateness 
more forcibly. 

dvd (prep., governing a dative in the 
epic and lyric poets only, but else- 
where the accusative). With the 
dative it denotes, on, upon, at the 
top of, &c. — With the accusative 
it expresses, 1st. A duration or 
continuance, both of time and 
space, and has then the meaning 
of through, throxighout, during. 
2d. Against, up; as, dvd tov Trora- 
fiov, against or up the (current of 
the) river. 3d. With numerals 
it makes them distributive ; as, 
dvd dena, ten by ten, or ten each, 
&c. 4th. In ; as, dvd ^vfiov, in 
soul. — In composition it has gen- 
erally the meaning of up (which 
appears to be its primitive one), 
aloud, thoroughly, again, back, &c. 

dva6d'&pa, ac, i] (from dvd, up, and 
fidftpa, a stair or step). A stair- 
case, steps, a step, a ladder. 

dvaBaivo), fut. dvafifjGu, perf. dva- 
fteSnua, 2d aor. dvi6?jv (from dvd, 
up, and (3aivo), to go). To go up, 
to ascend, to mount. — To embark 
(i. e., to go up on board of a 
ship). 

dvabdWu, fut. dva6a?M, perf. dvaSe- 

STiVKa, 2d aor. dv£6a?,ov (from dvd, 

up, and (3dX?M, to throw). To 

throw up, as earth in digging, to 

397 



ANA 
heap up. — To put off, to defer. 
In the middle, dva6dXko\iai, to put 
off, to defer. — To risk, to hazard, 
&c. 

dvdtdatc, cue, rj (from dvaSacvo, to 
ascend). An ascent, a going up. 
— A rising, a swelling. 

dvaSarnc, ov, 6 (from dvaSaivo, to 
mount). One who ascends, one 
who goes on board, one who 
mounts, a horseman, a rider, &c. 

avaSlaaruvo), fut. avaSTiaoTrjcu, 
perf. ava6e6XaarrjK.a, 2d aor. dve- 
dXaarov (from dvd, up, and (31ac- 
t&vg), to germinate). To grow 
up, to shoot, to germinate. 

itvaSXzTTG), fut. uva6Xiipo), perf. dva- 
6e6Xe<pa (from dvd, up, and pXemo, 
to look). To look up at. 

dva&knaic, eoc, "h (from dva6uXhcd, 
to defer). A deferring, a putting 
off, a delay. 

dvaSXvfa, fut. dvadlvao), perf. dva- 
6e6XvKa (from dvd, up, and j31v£q, 
to spout out). To gush forth, to 
bubble forth, to boil up, &c. 

dva6outL>, w, fut. dvadorjao), perf. dva- 
6e66nna (from dvd, aloud, and 
(3oau, to cry). To cry aloud, to 
shout. — To crow. 

dvayiyvcooKO, fut. mid. dvayvuaouat, 
perf. dveyvuKa, 2d aor. dveyvuv 
(from dvd, thoroughly, and ycy- 
vCxjku, to know). To know thor- 
oughly, to know again, to recog- 
nise, &c. — To read, to read to, as 
referring probably to the unrolling 
of a paper or scroll, and thus be- 
coming acquainted with its con- 
tents. 

dvayndfa, fut. dvayKdao, perf. rjvdy- 
icaica (from avdynv, necessity). 
To compel, to force. 

dvaynatoc, a, ov (adj. from dvaynn). 
Necessary, unavoidable. 

dvaynn, nc, rj. Necessity. — naf dv- 
dynrjv, through necessity. 

dvayopevo, fut. dvayopevau, perf. 
avnyopevna (from dvd, aloud, and 
dyopevu, to proclaim). To pro- 
claim aloud, to make known pub- 
licly, to announce. 

dvaypaiJHJ, fut. dvaypdtpu, perf. dva- 
yeypu<j>a (from dvd, up, and ypd- 
ipG), to write). To write up, to 



ANA 

make a list of, to enroll, to record, 
&c. 

dvayo, fut. dvdifo, perf. dvrjxa-, 2d 
aor. dvrjyov, and with Attic redupl. 
dvfjyayov, perf. pass, dvrtyuai 
(from dvd, up, and dyo, to bring). 
To bring up, to bring back, to bring 
over. — In the middle, dvdyojiat, to 
get under weigh, to set sail (i. e., 
to draw up the anchor). 

dvadiouw, we, rj (from dvd, up, and 
deojxeo), to bind), A band for the 
hair. Consult note, page 162, line 
94. 

dvadso), fut. dvadijcu, perf. dvadid- 
ena (from dvd, up, and deo, to 
bind). To bind up, to tie up, to 
bind, to tie, to surround as with a 
chaplet, to wreath. 

dvadidco/u, fut. dvaddxru, perf. dva- 
didwua, 2d aor. dvedov (from dvd, 
up, and SiSuuc, to give). To 
give up, to hand, to present. 
— To yield, to produce. — To dis- 
tribute. 

dvadvu, fut. dvaSvco), perf. dvadedv- 
Ka, 2d aor. dvedvv (from dvd, up, 
and dvu, to proceed). To emerge 
from, to rise up from (as out of 
the sea). 

dvaetpa), fut. dvaepfi, perf. dvijepKa 
(from dvd, up, and deipu, to raise). 
To raise, to lift up. 

dvafyvyvvfj.i, fut. dva&vgo, perf. dv- 
efrvxa (from dvd, again, and £evy- 
vvfit, to yoke). To yoke again, to 
break up an encampment, to de- 
camp. 

dva£d)vvvui, fut. dva^cocru, perf dve£- 
UKa (from dvd, up, and £6vvv/Lii f 
to gird). To gird up, to gird. — 
dvefao-pievn, perf. part, pass., girt 
with, arrayed in, girded. 

dvd'&nua, droc, to (from dvd, up, and 
rid-rjui, to place). A votive offer- 
ing. — Anything costly given to 
another, to be laid up as a token 
of remembrance; hence, ornament, 
dress, &c. 

dva-&v/j.idaic\ eoc, rj (from dva-&v/xt- 
do), to cause vapowr to arise, to burn 
perfumes). Fumigation, the burn- 
ing of perfumes. — The causing 
vapour to arise. — Evaporation. 

dvai&co (used only in the present and 



ANA 

imperfect, from avd, up, and al&u, 
to set in a blaze). To kindle up, 
to kindle. 

dvatuoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
aifia, blood). Bloodless. 

dvaiuooapnog, ov (adj. from dvaiuoc, 
and cup!;, flesh). Having flesh 
without blood 

uvaipeo), ti, fut. -t/go, perf. dvr/pnua, 
2d aor. dv£i?.ov (from avd, up, and 
alpeu, to take). To take up, to lift 
up, to remove, to destroy, &c. 

dvaiodyroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
aic&dvouai, to perceive). With- 
out feeling, insensible. — Without 
perceiving. 

dvataoo), fut. dvatl-u ; Attic, dvdoau, 
fut. dvat-o, perf. dvyx^ (from dvd, 
up, and dtaacj, to rush). To rush 
up, to start or spring up, to move 
rapidly. 

dvanaiw, fut. dvanavGo, 1st aor. 
pass. dvEK.av-&nv (from avd, up, 
&c, and Kaiu, to ignite). To 
kindle up. — To rekindle, to excite 
anew, to revive. 

avana/Ju, u, fut. dvaK.a7.Eou), perf. 
avaK£K?inKa (from avd, again, &c, 
and Ka?Jo), to call). To call again. 
— To call back, to recall. — To call 
aloud. 

dvatcduTTTO), fut. dvaKauipo, perf. dva- 
K£Kau(pa (from avd, again, back, 
and Ka/uTT-co, to bend). To return, 
to bend backbone" s way. 

dvaKOuXSij, yq, y (from dvaKOui^u, to 
bring back). A bringing back, a 
return. 

dvunoog, Doric for dvynooc. 

dvaxpafa, fut. dvanpdi;co, &c. (from 
dvd, aloud, and KpdC,u, to cry). To 
cry aloud, to cry out. 

'Ava/cpewv, ovtoc, 6. Anacreon, a 
celebrated lyric poet of Teios. 
Vid. page 11. 

uvaKpivu, fut. dvanplvC), &c. (from 
dvd, thoroughly, and Kpivo, to ex- 
amine into). To inquire into, to ex- 
amine, to investigate. — To decide. 

dvaKpovo, fut. dvanpovcu, &c. (from 
dvd, back, and Kpovo, to flog). To 
flog lack. 

dvaKVKkiu), £), fut. dvanvKkyao, perf. 
dvaKtuvulyiia (from avd, again, 
and kvk7Ju, to roll). To roll 



ANA 
again and again, to roll round, to 
roll in a circle. — To intertwine, to 
repeat, to- involve. 

dvaKV~Tcj, fut. dvaKvipo), &c. (from 
dvd, up, and kvtztcj, to bend). To 
lift up the head, after having stoop- 
ed. — To lift up, to emerge, to come 
up. 

dvuKo}7.oc, ov (adj. from dvd, thor- 
oughly, completely, and koXoc, 
maimed). Short, shortened, of 
short make. — uvdicahoi nduy7.oi, 
camels with short legs. 

dva?M/j.6dv cj, fut. dva7jipouai, &c. 
(from dvd, up, &c, and Xau6dvu, 
to take). To take up. — To receive, 
to take, to capture. — To resume, 
to undertake again. — To recover, 
to regain, &c. 

dva?uGKGj, imperf. dvy?u<7tcov. The 
other tenses are formed from the 
old verb dva7,6u, fut. dvaXucu), 
1st aor. dvd?MC>a and dvyloaa, 
perf. dvd/Mtca and dvfauna (from 
dvd, up, and the obsolete d?uoKo, 
to take). To expend, to consume, 
to waste, to destroy. 

dvd/.oyoc, ov (adj. from dvd and 7m- 
yoc). Proportionate to. agreea- 
ble to or agreeing with. — More 
usual signification, analogous, sim- 
ilar. 

dvaudpryrog, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and dfiaprdvu, to err). Commit- 
ting no fault, faultless, sinless. — 
Exempt from failure or error. 

dvauevG), fut. dva/xevu, &c. (from 
dvd, again and again, as denoting 
continuance or firmness, and /uevcj, 
to remain). To remain firm (i. e., 
again and again), to hold out, to 
persist, to remain. — To wait.— ^To 
await. 

dvduepoc, Doric for dvy/xEpoQ. 

dvduevTOC, ov (adj. from dvd, up to the 
top, and fiearog, full). Full up, 
full, filled with, replete. Joined 
with the genitive. 

dvauETpeo, d, fut. dvauETpyao), perf. 
dvafieuETpyKa (from dvd, again, 
and fisrpsu, to measure). To 
measure again or anew, to meas- 
ure accurately. — To recall to mind. 
— To judge, to value, to estimate. 

dva/J-iyvvfit, fut. dvaui^o), &c. (from 
399 



ANA 
dvd, up, and uiyvvui, to mix). To 
mix up, to mix together, to mingle, 
to blend, 
avavfipoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
dvrjp, a man). Unmanly, coward- 
ly, effeminate. 

avavevco, fut. uvavevao, &c. (from 
dvd, back, &c, and vevu, to nod). 
To shake the head in token of re- 
fusal (i. e., to nod back or away 
from). — To refuse, to deny, to 
forbid, &c. 

aval;, auroe, 6. A king, a monarch. 

"'Ava^ayopac, ov, 6. Anaxagdras, a 
Clazomenian philosopher, precep- 
tor to Pericles, Socrates, and Eu- 
ripides. 

avagaivG), fut. dvatjavti, &c. (from 
ava, again, anew, and ^acvco, to 
scratch, to lacerate). To lacerate 
anew. — To open anew (said of a 
wound). — To exasperate, to irri- 
tate, to excite anew. 

'AvaZapxoc, ov, 6. Anaxarchus, a 
philosopher of Abdera, from the 
school of Democritus, and inti- 
mate with Alexander. 

dvd&oc, a, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
atjioc, worthy). Unworthy, unde- 
serving. 

dvdwavatc, sue, ri (from dvanavu). 
Rest, repose, quiet, cessation. 

dvarravu, fut. dvaTcavco, &c. (from 
dvd, completely, and iravo, to cause 
to cease). To put to rest, to cause 
to cease, to still, to pacify. — In the 
middle, dvairavofj.ai,, to rest, to 
cease, &c. (i. e., to cause one's 
self to cease. 

dvaTrei&o), fut. dvaireioo), &c. (from 
dvd, thoroughly, and ixe'tSu), to 
persuade). To convince, to per- 
suade, to gain over, to prevail 
upon. 

dva7r£u7ro), fut. dvaTriuipu, &c. (from 
dvd, up, &c, and tteuttcj, to send). 
To send up, to send forth, to emit. 
— To send away, to dismiss, to re- 
lease. 

dva-Kerdvvvut, fut. dvaTrerdau, Attic 
form dvaivETL), perf. act. wanting, 
perf. pass. dvaTrsTreraa/xai, synco- 
pated into dvaizenTduat, perf. pass. 
part. dvaireTTTduevog (from dvd, 
thoroughly, and rceravvvui, to 
400 



ANA 
open). To open wide, to throw 
open. — To spread, to extend, 
dvanndau, £>, fut. dvairndrjou, &c. 
(from dvd, up, and nnddu, to leap). 
To leap up, to spring up, to spring 
upon. 
dvairtTTTO), fut. dvaTveaov/xai, &c. 
(from dvd, back, and ttitttco, to 
fall). To fall back, to lean back, 
to recline, to lie down. 

dvanhaTTtj and dvairhdcac), fut. 
dvairXdau, &c. (from dvd, again, 
anew, and izhdoocd, to form or 
mould). To form ox mould anew, 
to give another form. — To form or 
mould carefully (i. e., again and 
again), to shape, to represent, to 
figure, &c. 

dvaixXku, fut. avairXevaofzac, &c. 
(from dvd, back, &c, and tcIeo, to 
sail). To sail back. — To sail up. 
— To sail out, to put to sea, &c. 

dvdrcleidc, vv (adj. from dvd, up to 
the top, and ttIecoc, full). Filled 
up, full. 

dvanlnpoo), a>, fut. avarrXvpuau, 
&c. (from dvd, up to the top, and 
irlnpou, to fill). To fill up, to 
fill quite full— To fulfil.— To 
complete. 

dvaTTVEu, fut. dvanvEvcrcj, &c. (from 
dvd, again, &c, and ttveu, to 
breathe). To breathe again, to 
recover breath. — To breathe forth. 
— In Homer we have dfXTcvvro, 
3d sing. 2d aor. middle, synco- 
pated from dvETTWTO, with a pas- 
sive signification. 

dvairoTiEUED, <5, fut. avaTroXefirjac), 
&c. (from dvd, again, and irole- 
fiEd, to wage war). To renew the 
war, to recommence hostilities, to 
war again or anew. 

dvdirro, fut. dvdipo, &c. (from dvd, 
up, and utttg), to tie, &c). To 
tie up, to bind up, to connect, to 
append. — To kindle up, to set on 
fire, to inflame. 

dvapizd^o, fut. avaprxdatd, &c (from 
dvd, up, &c, and dpivd^o), to 
seize). To snatch up, to seize, 
to snatch away, to carry off, to 
plunder, &c. 

dvappr/TTo and dvapprjyvvfii, fut. 
dva^^Q, &c. (from dvd, up, and 



ANA 
pr/TTU or ()7]yvvfii, to tear, &c.). 
To tear up, to break up, to rend 
asunder, to split, to burst open. 

uvapl)L7riQo, fut. dvapfUTzlco), &c. 
(from dvd, up, and piirifa, to put 
in motion). To throxo up, to cast 
on high. — To kindle up. — To 
arouse, to excite. 

avappiTTTu, fut. avapp'npG), &c. (from 
dvd, up, and ^itttu, to throw). 
To throxo up, to fling up. — To 
hazard, to risk, to incur. 

dvaprdu, ci, fut. avaprrjau, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and dprdu, to hang). To 
hang up, to suspend, to attach. — 
To cause to be in suspense. — To 
elevate by hopes. 

dvapxiu, ac, y (from a, not, and 
u-PXVi rule). Anarchy, lawless- 
ness. 

dvaaKiprdo, <5, fut. dvaaKLprrjau, 
&c. (from dvd, up, and GKiprdu, 
to leap). To leap up, to frisk 
about. 

uvaairdo), u, fut. dvaandaci, &c. 
(from dvd, up, back, and <rxdu, to 
draw). To draw up, to draw. — 
To draw back. 

dvdaao), fut. dvd^o, perf. yvdxa 
(from uva%, a monarch, a ruler). 
To reign, to rule. 

dvdaruToc, ov (adj. from dviarniu, 
to expel). Expelled, dislodged. — 
dvaardrovc ttoiuv, dislodging, ex- 
pelling, driving out. 

dvaarevuxco and dvaarevd^u, fut. 
dvaarevd^u, &c. (from dvd, aloud, 
and arevdxo), to lament). To raise 
loud lamentations, to utter loud 
groans or waitings. 

dvacTpi(po), fut. dvacrpeiptj, &c. 
(from dvd, back, up, &c, and 
crpecpo), to turn). To turn back, 
to return, to turn about, to over- 
turn, to overthrow, to subvert. 

dvaTEtvo), fut. dvarevu, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and telvo, to extend). 
To stretch upward, to hold up, to 
raise. — To stretch out, to extend. 

dvarzhXu, fut. dvareku, perf. dva- 
TETa?LKa, 1st aor. dveTeila (from 
dvd, up, and teXXu, to cause to 
arise). To cause to come forth. 
— To come forth, to rise, to grow 
out of, &c. 
Ll2 



ANA 

dvaTL-&rjui, fut. dva&yGO, &c. (from 
dvd, up,' and ridnui, to place). 
To place up, on high, or on. — To 
consecrate, by hanging up in a tem- 
ple. — To ascribe. — To lay up, to 
depositc. 

dvarbJ^n, vc, i] (from dvarDCkcd, to 
rise). The rising of the sun, the 
east, the morning. 

dvaroMKoc, y, 6v (adj . from dvaroAn). 
Toivards the cast, eastern, pertain- 
ing to sunrise. 

dvaTpETTo, fut. dvarpEtfju, &c. (from 
dvd, up, &c, and rpEirio, to turn). 
To turn up, to overturn, to subvert, 
to destroy, &c. 

dvarpscjjco, fut. dvadptipu, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and rpicpo), to nourish). 
To rear up, to nurture, to educate. 

dvarpExo), fut. uva^ps^tj, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and rpixo), to run). To 
run up, to spring up, to hasten up, 
to lift one's self 

uvavdoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
avdrj, a voice). Speechless, with- 
out a voice. 

"Avavpog, ov, 6. The Anaurus, a 
small river of Thessaly, near the 
foot of Mount Pelion, in which Ja- 
son lost one of his sandals. 

dvafyaivio, fut. dvacpdvu, &c. (from 
dvd, clearly, and Qaivo), to show). 
To show f 07-th clearly, to cause to 
appear clearly, to shoio, to exhibit, 
to explain, to make known. — In 
the middle, dva(j>aivojj.ac, to appear 
plainly, to appear. 

dva<p£po), fut. dvoiGo, &c. (from dvd, 
up, and (pEpco, to bring). To bring, 
carry, or fetch up. — To raise tip, 
to raise, to exalt, to advance, to 
promote. — To bear up against, to 
endure. — To bring back. — To at- 
tribute, to impute, &c. 

dva^)-&Eyyop.aL, fut. dva^iy^ouai 
(from dvd, aloud, and ^Eyyop.ai, 
to utter). To cry out, to call out, 
to announce, to speak in a loud 
voice. — To reply (i. e., to speak in 
return). 

dvatyvuaG), u, fut. dvaQvarjoa), &c. 
(from dvd, up, and (jtverdu, to 
breathe). To breathe upward, to 
breathe out, to spout forth, &c. — 
dva(j>vodv rrvp, to breathe forth fire. 
401 



ANA 
dvatbvo), fut. dvacpvau, &c. (from dvd, 
up, and cpvco, to produce). To bring 
forth, to produce, to cause to grow. 
— To beget. — In the middle, dva- 
<pvofj.ai, to grow up, to grow again, 
to revive. 
ava(j>G)vio), &, fut. dvacpcovrjaco, &c. 
(from dvd, aloud, and cpuvico, to 
call). To call aloud, to call out. 
'Avaxapacc, etoc, 6. Anacharsis, a 
Scythian philosopher, who flour- 
ished about 600 B.C. 
avaxzto, fut. dvax^voco, &c. (from 
dvd, again, &c, and je«, to pour). 
To pour again, to pour back again. 
— To pour forth, to pour upon. — 
To flow into, 
dvaxupeo), &, fut. dvaxtoprjcto, &c. 
(from dvd, back, and ^opecj, to 
proceed). To yield, to retreat, to 
retire, to depart, to recede. 
dvai})i>xc>), fut. dvatpv^co, &c. (from 
dvd, again and again, and ipvx *' 
to cool, to refresh). To fan, to 
cool, to refresh, to revive, 
dvddvio, fut. ddr/CG), 2d aor. eddov 
and ddov, perf. 'idda, Ionic and po- 
etic verb for rjchuai. To please, 
to gratify, to delight. 
dvdpaya{rla, ac, rj (from dvrjp, a 
man, and dyaftog, excellent, &c). 
Uprightness, rectitude, probity, 
moral excellence. — Bravery, manly 
resolution, noble spiritedness, &c. 
dvdpa.TroditJuog, ov, 6 (from dvSpaTro- 
defa, to enslave). An enslaving. 
dvdpdTrodov, ov, to (from dvrjp, a 
man, and nEdrj, a fetter). A slave. 
— A captive, taken in battle. 
dvdpeid, ac, rj (from dvdpeiog). Bra- 
very, valour, manly spirit. 
dvSpeloc, a, ov (adj. from dvrjp, a 
man). Manly, brave, courageous, 
spirited, 
dvdptdg, dvroc, 6 (from dvrjp, a man). 

A statue, an image. 
dvdpoKTdota, ac, ?j (from dvrjp, a man, 
and ktelvco, to slay). The slay- 
ing of men, slaughter, carnage. 
'Avdpofiaxw, rjc, rj. Andromache, 
daughter of Eetion, king of Thebe, 
and wife of Hector, by whom she 
had Astyanax. After the fall of 
Troy she became the wife of Pyr- 
rhus, son of Achilles. 
402 



ANE 

'Avdpojueda, ac, rj. Andromeda, 
daughter of Cepheus, king of ^Ethi- 
opia, and Cassiope. ( Vid. note on 
line 14, page 87.) 
dvdpocpovog, ov (adj. from dvrjp, a 
man, and fyovog, slaughter). Man- 
slaying, mdn- destroying, slaugh- 
tering. 
dvdptoSrjg, ec (adj. from dvrjp, a man, 
and Eidoc, look). Of manly as- 
pect. — Manly, 
dveyeipa), fut. dveyepti, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and eyEipu, to arouse). 
To arouse, to awaken, to excite, to 
encourage, to revive, &c. 2d aor. 
inf. mid. dveypea-d-ai. 
dveijuc (from dvd, up, &c, and elui, 
to go). To go up, to ascend. — 
To come back, to return. 
dvendoToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
EKdiduui, to give away, to give in 
marriage). Not given in mar- 
riage, unmarried. 
uvektoc, ov (adj. from dvsxouat, to 
endure). Supportable, endurable, 
to be supported, to be endured. 
dv£?iEv{r£poc, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and klsvd-Epog, free, liberal). Ser- 
vile, illiberal, base, ignoble. 
dvEAAlrxrjg, ec (adj. from a, not, and 
k a At.nijc, failing). Continued, un- 
failing, incessant. 
dvEfiog, ov, 6. Wind. 
dvEuou, co, fut. dvEjidau, perf. rjvi- 
ficona (from dv'Euog, wind). To 
blow, to inflate, to cause to swell 
out with wind. In the passive, 
dvsuoouai, ovuai, to be swelled 
forth with wind. 
dvEjiudrjc, Eg (adj. from uvEuog, wind, 
and ridog, appearance). Windy. 
dvEfJLuvrj, ng, rj (from dvEfiog, the 
wind). The anemone, or wind-rose. 
dvETTCTljunrog, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and ETUTiudo), to censure). Un- 
censured, unrebuked. 
dvipxouat, fut. dvsAEvaouai, &c. 
(from dvd, up, and spxouai, to 
come, &c). To come up, to go 
up, to mount, to ascend, to go on 
board of, &c. 

dvEpOTdiO, tJ, fut. dv£pG)TJj<JO, &c. 

(from dvd, thoroughly, earnestly, 
and kpidTuto, to inquire). To in- 
quire earnestly, to question care- 



ANO 

fully or repeatedly, to ask, to in- 
quire, to interrogate, &c. 

avev (adv. governing the genitive). 
Without. 

avevpLGKO), fut. uvevpf/cu, &.c. (from 
dvd, completely, thoroughly, and 
evpLGKo), to find). To find out, to 
discover. 

dvixco, fut. dve^u, or dvaGxyau, &c. 
(from dvd, back, and e^w, to hold). 
To hold back, to hold up, to re- 
strain. — In the middle voice, dv- 
exofiai, to endure, i. e., to restrain 
one's self, to bear, to put up with. 

dvsipioc, ov, 6. A cousin. 

dvrjboc, ov (adj. from a, not, and r/6n, 
puberty). Not grown up, under 
age, youthful, young. 

dvrf&ov, ov, to. Anise. 

dvrjKearog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
iiKeofiac, to heal). Incurable, ir- 
remediable, irreconcilable. 

dvrjKOog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
anor], hearing). Not hearing, not 
listening, not attending to. — In a 
passive sense, that is not heard. 
— avrjuoa Evxecdai, to pray fruit- 
lessly or without avail. 

avrjuu, fut. dvrj^u, &c. (from dvd, 
up to, and ynu, to come). To 
come up to, to reach to, to extend 
or appertain to. — rd dvrjKOvra, 
what is suitable for, what apper- 
tains to, &c. 

dvrjlloc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
7)/\toc, the sun). Sunless, not il- 
lumined by the sun, without a sun. 

dvrjfiepoc, ov (adj. from dv, same as 
a, not, and rjuEpoc, tame, mild). 
Savage, wild, uncultivated, cruel, 
merciless, harsh, severe. 

dvrjp, dvepoc, contr. dvopoc, 6. A 
man. 

dvd-EU, u, fut. -rjGd, perf. yv&nica, 
perf. mid. (assigned to this verb, 
but coming from a theme dv&u or 
dv£-&G)) dvrjvod-a. To bloom, to 
flourish, to flower, to abound. 

avd-i^o, fut. -lau, perf. r/v&XKa (from 
dv&oe, a flower). To flourish, to 
bloom, to abound. — To colour, to 
diversify, to cover with various 
colours. 
av&LGTnui, fut. dvTLGTrjGu, perf. dv- 
■&EGrrjKa (from dvri, against, and 



ANN 
iGrrjfiL, to place). To place against, 
to oppose one thing to another, to 
compare, to withstand, to resist. — 
In the middle, uvd-iara/xai, to re- 
sist, to hold out, &c. — The perf. 
and 2d aor. act. used in a neuter 
sense, to withstand. 

dv&og, eoq, to. A flower. 

dv&pdmtvoc, n, ov (adj. from av&pco- 
7roc). Human. 

uv&pto7roc, ov, 6 and 57. A human 
being, a man. 

dv&pcjTTocpa-yog, ov (adj. from av&po- 
ttoc, and tydyco, to eat). Man-de- 
vouring, cannibal. 

dvldco, £>, fut. -ugg), Ionic -jjgo, 1st 
aor. part. pass. dvirf&eic (from dvla, 
trouble). To cause pain, to afflict, 
to trouble, to grieve. — To vex, to 
disquiet. — The iota in this verb is 
usually long, but sometimes short- 
ened by the Attics. 

dvlniii, fut. dvTjGu, perf. dvElaa, &c. 
(from dvd, up, and "trjiii, to send). 
To send up, to send forth, to let 
loose, to relax. — To yield, to give 
up, to produce, &c. — dvELixEvoc, 
loose, hanging down, &c. dvEi- 
ixevov hav, consult note, p. 92, 1. 29. 

dvitca, Doric for fivlita. 

dvLuaa), C), fut. -TjGu, perf. dvi/j.r]Ka 
(from dvd, up, and l/udo, to draw 
with a cord or thong). To draw 
up, to draw, said of water in a well. 

dvLTTTauat (from dvd, up, and Inra- 
iiai, to fly). To fly up, to bound 
up, to spring on high. (Vid. cKra- 
fj.au) 

dvcGTn/xi, fut. dvaGTr/Go, &c. (from 
dvd, up, and iGrn/xt, to place). To 
set up, to raise, to establish. — dv- 
EGTijua, perf., I stand up; dvEGrnv, 
2d aor., I stood up; dviornGa, 1st 
aor., I placed or set up ; dvacrdc, 
2d aor. part., having arisen. 

dviGxo) (same as dvsx^), used only in 
the present and imperfect). 

'AvvWac, a, 6. Hannibal, a cele- 
brated Carthaginian commander. 

"kvvuv, cjvoc, 6. Hanno, a Cartha- 
ginian, sent on a voyage of dis- 
covery along the Atlantic coast of 
Africa. — Also the name of several 
other Carthaginians more or less 
conspicuous. 

403 



ANT 

dvonroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
voeu, to think). Thoughtless, 

' senseless. — Not understood, not 
perceived, unintelligible. 

avoid, ac, % (from avovc, foolish). 
Want of understanding, folly, ig- 
norance, &c. 

dvocycj, fut. avoigco, 1st aor. dve^a, 
1st aor. infin. avolijcu, perf. aveu- 
%a, perf. mid. dveuya. To open, 
to uncover, to reveal, &c. 

avoiKEioc, ov (adj. from av, same as 
a, not, and oiiceZoc, adapted to). 
Unfit, out of place, irrelevant, use- 
less. 

dvotareoc, ov (verb. adj. from ava- 
(pepu, fut. avoiao, to ascribe, to 
impute). To be ascribed to, to be 
imputed to. 

dvould, ac, tj (from a, not, and vo/uoe 
law). Lawlessness, licentious- 
ness, iniquity, injustice. 

avojjiotoc, ov (adj. from av, same as 
a, not, and 5/j.oioc, like). Unlike, 
dissimilar, different. 

avofioLOTTjc, rjToc, 7] (from dvojioioc). 
Inequality, dissimilarity,- differ- 
ence. 

avoatoc, ov, and a, ov (adj. from av, 
same as a, not, and baioc, holy). 
Unholy, impious, wicked. 

"Avovdic, idog, 6. Anicbis, an Egyp- 
tian deity, represented with the 
head of a dog. 

dvrd (adv. from dvrnv, and that from 
dvri). Opposite. 

uvrayuvi^ofiai, fut. -iaouai, &c. (from 
dvri, against, and dycovi^o/xai, to 
contend). To contend against or 
with, to fight against, to combat 
with. 

dvraycoviarrjc, ov, 6 (from dvrayu- 
vitpuai). An antagonist, an op- 
ponent, a competitor. 

'Avraloc, ov, 6. Antcsus, a giant of 

Libya, killed by Hercules. 
AvraTiKcdac, a, 6. Antalcidas, a 
Spartan, who made a disadvanta- 
geous peace between the Greeks 
and Persians. (But consult notes.) 

avTamrodtdu/ii, fut. avranoduau, &c. 
(from dvri, in return, and cnrodtd- 
ufit, to give). To give in return, 
to give instead, to retaliate, to re- 
pay, to recompense. 
404 



ANT 

dvTdo), u, fut. -7Jau, perf. rjvTVKa 
(from avra, opposite). To meet, 
to light upon, to oppose, &c. — In 
Homer, dvrdo, in the present, does 
not occur, but, in place of it, dv- 
rido). 

avretneZv (from dvri, in return, and 
eltzeIv, to speak). To reply, to 
contradict, to refuse. (Vid. eiireZv). 

dvTEKTrhiid, fut. dvTeK7T?,evaofj.ai, &c. 
(from dvri, against, and tK-n-Xsu, to 
sail forth) . To sail forth against. 

uvtexu, fut. dv&etjo, &c. (from dvri., 
against, and f^w, to hold). To 
hold against, to resist. — To sus- 
tain, to endure. 

dvri (preposition governing the gen- 
itive only). Primary signification, 
against, contrary to, facing. 
Hence, more usually, for, instead 
of, in the relations of exchange, 
value, &c. — In composition, in- 
stead of, against, in return. 

dvTi6aivu, fut. dvTiSr/Gouat, &c. 
(from dvri, against, and /3aivo), to 
go). To go against, to attack, to 
resist, to oppose, &c. 

avTidpovTao, d, fut. -rjcu, &c. (from 
dvri, against, and fipovrdo), to 
thunder). To thunder against or 
at. — To imitate thunder. 

'Avriyovoc, ov, 6. Antigonus, one 
of Alexander's generals. He re- 
ceived, after Alexander's death, 
Pamphylia, Lycia, and Phrygia; 
made himself master of Asia, and 
assumed the title of king, B.C. 
.306. 

dvTiypatyti, fut. dvTiypdtfjo, &c. 
(from dvri, in reply, and ypdcpu, 
to write). To write in reply, to 
answer in writing. 

dvrididufiL, fut. dvnducrG), &c. (from 
dvri, in return, and diSu/ii, to 
give). To give in return, to re- 
pay, to recompense, to give one 
thing in exchange for another. 

avridXnoc, ov, 6 (from dvri, against, 
and 6lkv, a suit). An adversary 
in a lawsuit, an opponent in law, 
an opponent generally. 

avridocic, cue, rj (from dvTidi6o)/j.t). 
An exchange, a giving in return, 
retribution, &c. 

dvTidcjpsofiai, ov/iat, fut. -rjcrofiai, &c. 



ANT 
(from dvri, in return, and dupio- 
fiai, to bestoic). To give in re- 
turn, to bestow in recompense, &c. 

avTLKudTjfiac, fut. -r/aofiac, &c. (from 
dvri, opposite, and Ka$r//j.aL, to sit). 
To sit opposite, to sit over against. 

avTiicpovu, fut. -ovglo, &c. (from 
dvri, against, and upovu, to strike). 
To oppose, to clamour against. 

avrt?ia/j.6uvu, fut. dvTL?jipofj.ac, &c. 
(from dvri, in exchange, &c, and 
Xap.6dvu, to take, to receive). To 
take or receive in exchange. — In 
the middle voice, to appropriate to 
one's self, to lay hold of, to seize, 
&c. 

avTikh/a, fut. avTiAe^u, &c. (from 
avri, against, and ?Jya, to speak). 
To contradict, to deny. — To op- 
pose, to contest, to dispute concern- 
ing, with izepi and a genitive. 

dvrlvuToc, ov (adj. from avri, against, 
and v€)Tog, the back). Turning 
the back, with back turned, back to 
back. 

'Avtcotttj, Tjc, i] Antiope, daughter 
ofNycteus, king of Thebes, and 
mother of Amphlon and Zethus 
by Jupiter. 

'Avtlox'i-c, tdoc, 7]. Antiochis, the 
name of one of the ten Attic tribes. 

''AvtLoxoc, ov, 6. Antiochus, 1. sur- 
named the Great, was king of 
Syria and Asia, and reigned 36 
years. — 2. Originally a pilot, after- 
ward an officer under Alcibiades. 

a.vrl'KdXoq, ov (adjective from avrt, 
against, and ■ndlr}, wrestling). 
Wrestling with, combating or con- 
tending against. — As a substan- 
tive, an opponent, an antagonist, 
a rival. 

'AvTtTrarpoc, ov, 6. Antipdter, a no- 
ble Macedonian, one of Alexan- 
der's generals, who received, after 
the death of that monarch, the 
European provinces as his portion. 

avTiKOieouaL, ovpat, fut. -ijaofiac, &c. 
(from dvri, in turn, and Trocsouai, 
to seek to appropriate to one's self). 
To lay claim to, to aim at, to seek, 
to aspire to, &c. 

avriTcollrevouac, fut. -tvaop.at, &c. 
(from dvri, against, opposite to, 
and rcoTiCTevofiat, to take part in 



ANG 
politics). To be of different par- 
ties in politics, to be of the oppo- 
site party. 

avTinpupoc, ov (adj. from dvri, op- 
posite, against, and rcpupa, a 
prow). With opposing prows, 
prow to prow, &c. 

dvTcppoTrog, ov (adj. from dvri, oppo- 
site, and peiru, to weigh down). 
Counterbalancing, equivalent to, 
as weighty as. 

'AvTiad-evTjc, ov, 6. Antisthenes, an 
Athenian philosopher, born 420 
B.C., and the founder of the Cynic 
sect. 

dvTicrxu, poetic form for dvrexo). 

dvTLTaTTC), or dvTirdoou, fut. dvrt- 
rdtju, &c. (from avrt, against, 
and Taaau, to marshal). To mar- 
shal against, to draw up against, 
to station an army or body of men 
against. — In the middle, to oppose, 
to strive against, to resist — ol dv- 
TLT£rayp.£voi, the foe, those dravm 
up against. 

dvTCTl-&r/ut, fut. dvTf&TjGu, &c. (from 
dvri, against, in return, and tl&t]- 
fit, to place). To place against, to 
place opposite, to compare. — To 
put in place of, to substitute. 

dvTL(po)V£io, w, fut -rjau, &c. (from 
dvri, in return, and <j>u)vio), to 
speak). To reply, to respond, to 
answer. — To contradict. 

dvrleu, ti, fut. -rjau, perf. rjvrlrjKa 
(from dvr2,oc, a machine for draw- 
ing up water). To draw up wa- 
ter. — To exhaust, to endure. 

dvrpov, ov, to. A cave, a grotto. 

dvvdpoc, ov (adj. from dv, same as a, 
not, and vSup, water). Destitute 
of water, arid, barren. 

dvvuveo), &, fut. -rjato, &c. (from dvd, 
up, highly, and vuvico, to celebrate 
in song). To hymn, to celebrate 
in song, to praise highly, to extol. 

dvv~66rjToc, ov (adj. from dv, same 
as a, not, and vrrodeu, to fasten 
under). Barefoot, without san- 
dals. 

dvvTToiGTOC, ov (adj. from dv, same 
as a, not, and vttolgtoc, tolerable). 
Not to be borne, intolerable. 

dvu (adv. governing the genitive, 
from dvd, up). Above, on high. 
405 



AOP 

— avu Kal Karu, upward and 
downward. — npbg to dvu, towards 
the upper part or side. 

dvuyu, fut. uvtj^cj, perf. avuya, plu- 
perf. yvuyeiv, Ionic form nvuyea. 
To order, to bid, to command. 

uvudev (adv. from avu). From 
above. 

dvuvvfiog, ov (adj. from dv, same as 
a, not, and bvvjxa, JEo\\c for ovo- 
fia, a name). Nameless, anony- 
mous, unknown, without fame, in- 
glorious, obscure. 

dS,la, ag, y (properly the fem. of af- 
loc). Worth, merit, desert. — 
virep ri]v d^iav, beyond one's mer- 
it or desert. — /tar' d^iav, according 
to one's merit, as one deserves. — 
7rap' d^iav, undeservedly. 

ut-toloyoc, ov (adj. from d^toc and 
Xoyoc, mention). Worthy of men- 
tion, considerable. — Important, 
valuable, estimable. 

d^iofiuxoc, ov (adj. from d^iog, wor- 
thy, and fi&xofiai, to contend). 
Worthy of contending with another, 
watched in fight, a fit antagonist, 
a match. 

a%ioe, a, ov (adj. from dyu, to weigh). 
Equivalent in weight. — Worthy, 
sufficient for, able to hold or con- 
tain, good, deserving, worthy, mer- 
itorious. — dtjioc TioTCkov, worth 
much, valuable. — a^cog fj,7]devoc, 
of no value, i. e., worth nothing. 
So also, d^iog ovdevoe. 

dijtoo, d, fut. dtjiuoo, perf. -h^'uona 
(from agioc). To think worthy, 
to think one's self worthy of a 
thing, to claim, to desire, to ask 
for, to request, to deem right. 

d&ufia, droc, to (from d^iou). Dig- 
nity, rank, importance, estimation. 

d^luc (adv. from dijioc). Deserved- 
ly, worthily, suitably, laudably. 

doidd, ag, 7], Doric for dotdr) (from 
deido, to sing). A song, a strain. 

dotdoc, ov, 6 (from deido, to sing). 
A bard. 

doitirjTOc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
oIkeo), to inhabit). Uninhabited. 
— Uninhabitable. 

dopdroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
opdo), to see). Unseen, invisible. 
Not to be seen, of which the sight 
406 



AIIA 
is forbidden, not right to be looked 
upon. 

dnayyeTCku, fut. dirayyeAu, &c. 
(from diro, from, and dyyeAAu, to 
announce). To bring tidings 
from, to announce, to declare, to 
bring back xoord. 

uirayopevu, fut. -evocj, &c. (from 
diro, from, and dyopevo), to declare, 
to proclaim). To deny, to forbid, 
to prohibit. — To give up or over 
through fatigue. — To be discour- 
aged, &c. 

dnrayxovi^cj, fut. -Xou>, perf. aTrrjy- 
XOviKa (from ano, from, and dyxo- 
v%u, to hang). To hang from, to 
hang. 

drrdyxo), fut. dirdy^o), &c. (from .diro, 
from, and dyxu, to choke). To 
throttle, to choke, to strangle, to 
hang. — In the middle, dirdyxofiac, 
to hang one's self. 

dirdyo), fut. dird^u, Sec. (from diro, 
from, and ayu, to lead, &c). To 
lead away, to lead off, to carry 
away, to drive off, &c. 

diru-&Ecd, ag. rj (from dirud-jjg). Free- 
dom from suffering, tranquillity, 
indifference. 

dird-&ng, eg (adj. from a, not, and ird- 
■&og, suffering). Free from suffer- 
ing, free from malady, tinconccrn- 
ed, uninjured, insensible, serene, 
tranquil. 

aTcaidevrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
irai dsvu, to instruct). Uninstruct- 
ed, uneducated, ignorant, inexpe- 
rienced. 

diraireo), w, fut. dirairiiGu, perf. 
diryryna (from diro, from, and 
alreo, to ask). To demand from, 
to ask back, to seek, to claim. 

diraTCAayf}, yg, y (from diraAAarTu). 
Release from, deliverance, dis- 
charge, departure ; with tov (3iov, 
death. 

diraAAaiTU and diraAAaaau (from 
diro, from, and aAAarTcj, to 
change, &c). To deliver from, 
to send away, to remove, to release, 
to free. — In the middle voice, to 
send one's self away, to depart, to 
finish. 

analog, y, ov (adj.). Tender, deli- 
cate, soft. 



AIIE 

&na7Jvvo, fut. dndTJvvC), perf. find- 
Twyna (from analog). To soften, 
to render mild, to make smooth. — 
In the middle voice, to grow calm, 
to become tranquil. 

dirdvacvouat, 1st aor. mid. utctjvtjv- 
uurjv (deponent verb, from a?ro, 
from, and dvaivouat, to refuse ; 
used only in pres., imperf., and aor- 
ist). To refuse 'positively, to deny, 
to reject totally. 

anavEvd-e (adv. from dixd, from, and 
uvev&e, apart). Far apart from, far 
away from. — Apart, away from. 

UKav&pdnoo), €>, fut. dwav&pdKuco, 
perf. uTTTjv&paicoKa. (from diro, 
from, and dvxrpdnou, which from 
av&pa!;, coal). To burn complete- 
ly to a coal, to reduce to a cinder, 
to consume entirely. 

airavTau, d>, fut. -r/dcj, &c. (from 
dirb, from, and dvrdo, to meet). 
To go to meet, to meet, to en- 
counter. — Neuter, to occur, to turn 
out, to succeed. 

ana!; (adv.). Once, for once, once 
for all. 

uTrdpaiTnTOc, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and Trapaireo), to conciliate). That 
cannot be conciliated, inflexible, in- 
exorable, inevitable. 

dirag, aaa, av (adj. from a for dua, 
together, and nde, all). All togeth- 
er, all, the whole, every one. 

aTTdrrj, nc, ft. Deceit, deception, 
fraud, artifice. 

direidov, inf. difloEiv, part, dntdcJv 
(from diro, from, and eldov, 2d aor. 
of obs. eldo, to see), used as 2d 
aor. to depopdo). Primitive mean- 
ing, to look from other objects at 
one in particular. — Hence, to look 
at attentively, to regard; also to 
look away, to overlook. 

diTEt&EU, u, fut. aTTELd-rjacj, perf. 
r/TTEt'&nKa (from dirEid-r/c, disobe- 
dient). To be disobedient, to re- 
sist persuasion. 

diTEiKd^o), fut. drcELndau &c. (from 
a7ro, from, and sl/cdfa, to liken). 
To draw an image of, to imitate, 
to liken to, to compare. 

aiTEi?J(j, d), fut. dir£i?i7/cu, perf. tjkel- 
?.rjKa. To menace, to threaten, to 
intimidate. 



AIIE 

unEifii, imper. uttI-&i, inf. dniivai, 
part, dixidv (from and, from, and 
eljil, to go). To depart, to go 
away. 

dnEifit, fut. diiEoouai (from utco, from, 
and elul, to be). To be away from, 
to be absent, to be away. — ol uttov- 
tec, the absent. 

aTZELTiov, inf. dizELTTElv, part, utteittuv 
(from diro, from, and eIttov, 2d 
aor. of obs. ei7rw, to say), used as 
2d aor. to aKdyopEvcj. To forbid, 
to abandon, to give up, to renounce. 

d-KELpya, fut. aTTEipiju, &e. (from 
diro, from, and Etpyco, to shut up). 
To shut out from, to separate 
from, to divide, to bound, to restrain. 

d-KELpla, ac, 7} (from drrEipoc, infinite). 
Infinity, immensity. 

uTTEipoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TTEipac, an end). Endless, infinite, 
boundless. 

aTTEtpoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
nEipa, a trial). Not having made 
trial of. Hence, ignorant of, in- 
experienced, unskilled. 

aTTEipov, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
nelpac, an end). Unbounded, 
boundless, immense. 

aTTE?^avvu), fut. uTTETidou, &c. (from 
drco, from, and Ekavvu, to drive). 
To drive away, to drive off. 

d7T£U7TO?M0), <5, fut. dlZELL7:o7a}GQ, 

perf. dTrrjuTrolrjua usually, but in 
Lucian dTTE/nrEirolnKa (from drro, 
from, and eutto^uo), to trade). To 
sell off, to traffic, to sell. 

'ATTEvvlva, ojv, rd. The Apennines, 
a range of mountains, branching 
off from the Alps and running 
through Italy. 

aTrspEiSo), fut. dirEpEicru, &c. (from 
diro, from, and bpeidu, to fix on). 
To place down upon, to fix steadily, 
to lay upon. — In the middle voice, 
to place one's self upon, to lean 
upon, to lie down on. 

aTTEpEiatog, a, ov (adj. from dirELpog, 
infinite). Infinite, countless, im- 
mense. 

d-TTEpvKO), fut. dizEpv^o, &c. (from 
diro, from, and kpvKu, to keep off). 
To keep off from, to drive off, to 
repel, to prevent. 

d-KEpxoLiai, fut. dnETiEvaoiiai, &c. 
407 



AIIO 
(from utto, from, and spxofiai, to 
go). To go away, to depart, to 
withdraw, to retire. 

arcEX'&dvofiai, future airex^WOjuai, 
perf. a-K7]X'&W ai (fr° m dno, from, 
and kx'&G-vofiaL, a form of ex'&ofj.at, 
to be hated). To be bitterly hated, 
to be odious to. — Also in an active 
signification, to be hostile to, to be 
an enemy to. 

anex&st-u, ac, V (from arcex'&VQi ha- 
ted). Hatred, enmity. 

airexo), fut. uipe^o or uttogxvgo), &c. 
(from utto, from, and tyo), to have 
or hold). To hold or keep off, to 
repel, to receive. — As a neuter, to 
be away from, to keep away from, 
to be distant. — In the middle voice, 
to keep one's self from, to refrain, 
to cease from, with the genitive. 

aTrrjvv, r)c,r). A wagon, a mule- car. 
It was a species of carriage gen- 
erally drawn by mules. 

'Am/doc , ov, 6. Apxcius, a Roman pa- 
trician noted for his gluttony. He 
lived during the reign of Tiberius. 

'Xirltiioc, a, ov (adj.). Apician. 

aniGTEid, w, fut. aTUGTfjGtd, perf. tjtt'lg- 
Tntta (from &tugtoc). To be un- 
believing, to disbelieve, to mistrust, 
to disobey. 

a-niGToe, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TtLGTic, belief). Unbelieving, mis- 
trustful. — In a passive significa- 
tion, unworthy of confidence, faith- 
less, perfidious, incredible. 

an'XeTOc, ov, Ionic for anldToc, ov 
(adj. abbreviated from aTreMroc, 
from a, not, and tceTi&u, to ap- 
proach). Not to be approached. — 
Hence, immeasurable, immense, 
terrible, vast. 

(nrTi^poroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
irlrjpou, to fill). That cannot be 
filled, insatiable. 

c7r/loof, 6y, oov, contr. ovc, 7), ovv 
(adj. from a, not, and the old verb 
irXiu, from which ttXeku, to fold). 
Without a fold. — Hence, simple, 
plain, upright, honest. 

airo (prep.), governs the genitive 
only. The primary meaning is 
from, and it has reference to place, 
time, or the assigning of the origin 
or cause of a thing. — Hence, away 
408 



AIIO 

from, far from, from the neigh- 
bourhood of, in the relation of 
place ; through, by, by means of, 
with, in assigning the cause. — In 
composition it denotes separation, 
cessation, completion, origin, &c. 
It frequently has the force of a 
negative particle, and sometimes 
merely strengthens the simple 
verb. 

diTo6aivo), fut. dTTo6?JGO[iai, &c. (from 
airo, from, and ftaivw, to proceed). 
To cause to go down, to lead down. 
— As a neuter, to descend, to come 
forth from, to disembark, to result, 
to happen. 

aitohdXku, fut. airofid'kC), &c. (from 
ano, from, and fiallio, to cast). 
To cast away, to cast off, to lose. 

arcoSdGic, sue, rj (from d7ro6aivo). 
Descent, disembarkation, depar- 
ture. 

6iro6l6d£o), fut. d7ro6Z6dGo, perf. arro- 
6E6i6dna (from airo, from, and (3c- 
6d£c), to proceed). To go forth 
from, to disembark. 

a7ro6?idirTG), fut. uTToftlaipa, &c. 
(from utto, from, and (jX&tvtg), to 
injure). To injure greatly. 

aTroBleirc), fut. diroSlsipu, &c. (from 
airo, from, and f3XsTrcj, to look). 
Primitive meaning, to look away 
from other objects towards some 
particular one. — Hence, to look at 
attentively, to regard, to observe, 
to look towards. 

aTCoyiyvtdGKo, fut. a7royvioGOuai, &c. 
(from utto, from, and yiyvuGKo, 
to acknowledge). To refuse to 
acknowledge, to renounce, to relin- 
quish, to despair of. 

aTToypd(j)0), fut. diroypdipo, &c. (from 
airo, from, and ypaipu, to write). 
To write from one book into an- 
other. — Hence, to transcribe, to 
copy down, to enter in a register. 

<nroyvi6(o, £>, fut. aTroyvLcJGo), perf. 
aTroysyviojKa (from arro, from, and 
yvcou, to lame). To lame, to en- 
ervate, to maim. 

anodaiu (from 6tt6, from, and Saico, 
to share) has only the pres. and 
imperf. in the active. Used com- 
monly as a dep. middle, airodaio- 
[xai, fut. aTroduGOfiai, perf. aitodsd- 



a no 

aafiat. To divide among, to share 
with, to distribute. 

u7ro6et (impers. verb from diro, from, 
and tin, it is wanting). It is 
wanting, there is a deficiency. — 
dnodewv, inferior. 

dTrooeiKvv/it and a.7rodeiKvv(j, fut. 
UTrodeifjo), &c. (from dr.6, from, 
and deiicvvfit, to shoio). To show 
forth, to make evident, to declare, 
to appoint, to assign. 

a,7ro6ei?ud(o, C), fat. -aou (from died, 
from, and deihidu, to be timid). 
To abandon through fear. — To be 
timid, to be cowardly. 

uttoSel^ic, sue, rj (from d7rodetKvvfu, 
to make evident). Demonstration, 
proof. 

dirodepo, fut. dixodepd, &c. (from 
utto, from, and dfpu, to flay). To 
strip the skin completely off, to flay. 

d7roiUxo/j.ai, fut. dKO^i^o/xai, &c. 
(from drco, from, and 6sxo/j.ai, to 
receive). To receive from, to ad- 
mit, to assume. 

dirodidpaGKu, fut. mid. uTroSpdaoaat, 
1st aor. act. drvidpuGa, perf. aTro- 
dedpana, 2d aor. diredpav, ac, u, 
&c, Ionic aTredprjv (from diro, 
from, and SidpaGfco, to run away). 
To run away from, to make one's 
escape. — To avoid, to shun. 

uTro^WofiL, fut. divoduGO, &c. (from 
diro, from, and didufii, to give). 
To give back, to restore, to repay, 
to recompense, to assign, to ren- 
der. — In the middle voice, to dis- 
pose of, to sell into slavery. 

u7ro£j, fut. a7TO^r/acj and Ion. diro^e- 
oo), perf. irreg., with the significa- 
tion of the present, dirododa (from 
diro, of, and 5£u, to smell). To 
smell of, to be redolent of. 

uTrodev (adv. from diro). From afar, 
far off, at a distance. 

diro&epifa, fut. diro&epTGO), &c. 
(from drco, from, and ■&epi^o, to 
reap). To cut down, to mow, to 
reap. 

a7T-o#ecT7riC(J, fut. diro&EGiriGC), &c. 
(from diro, from, and tieGirifa, to 
divine). To deliver oracles, to 
utter an oracular response. 

dirotieopeo, o>, fut. diro&eLiprjGo, 
&c. (from diro, from, and fl-eupeo, 
M M 



AIIO 
to behold). To behold from a dis- 
tance, to contemplate, to watch 
closely, to observe. 

diro-&n?»vvu, fut. diro^r}?.vvu>, perf. 
diroTe&TJXvyica (from died, from, 
and -&rj\vvcj, to enervate). To 
render effeminate, to enfeeble. 

diro$r]pi6c), (o, fut. uTTod-Tjpccjao, 
perf. dTTOTednpiufca (from diro, 
from, and tiriplou, to make wild). 
To render completely wild, to in- 
furiate. 

drto$ri<yavpL&, fut. dirofinGavpiGo, 
&c. (from diro, from, and -d-rjaav- 
pi£o, to treasure up). To treas- 
ure up, to preserve carefully. 

ditodTddu), fut. dTco-&?utjJO), perf. a7ro- 
re-&?il(pa (from diro, from, and 
■&l'i6u, to press). To press out, 
to crush in the press, to express. 

diro-&vr/GKU, fut. dixod-avovjiat, &c. 
(from drco, from, and ■&v?/gko), to 
die). To die, to perish, to lose 
one's life. 

dirotttid, ac, if (from utcoikoc, away 
from home). Removal from home, 
emigration. — Settlement in a for- 
eign country, a colony. 

dlTOlKodo/LlE'CJ, C), fut. dTZOLKOdofirjGO, 

&c. (from diro, from, and oUodo- 
fiio, to build). To block up by a 
wall, to build up, to obstruct. 

uiroiva, tjv, rd (from a, intensive, 
and noivjj, compensation), used 
only in the plural. A ransom, a 
price paid for the release of pris- 
oners. 

drroKU'&apGic, fwc, i) (from uTroKd^- 
aiped, to purify). The act of 
cleansing, purification, expiation. 

d7rOKU.&lGTT]fl!., fut. UTTOKaTaGTTjGU 

&c. (from diro, Kara, and iGTrjfii, 
to place). To re-establish, to re- 
place, to restore 

diroKakeu, u, fut. diroKa?J:G<j), &c. 
(from diro, from, and Ka?.eo, to 
call). To call forth, to summon, 
to call, to name. 

diroKairvu, fut. diroKairvGo, 1st aor. 
direKUTTVGa, perf. not in use (from 
diro, from, and Kdirva, to breathe). 
To breathe forth. 

ditoneifiai, fut. dTroneioojAai, Sec. 
(from diro, from, and Kelfiai, to 
lie). To be laid away, to be treas- 
409 



AIIO 
ured up, to be reserved for use. — 
To be thrown aside, to lie neglected. 
dnoKeipo), fut. ditonepC), &c. (from 
and, from, and aeipu, to cut). To 
cut off, to cut down, to despoil, to 
lay waste. 

&TTOKlVEO), 6), Alt. aTrOKLVTJaG), &c. 

(from awo, from, and kcveu, to 
move). To move away, to remove, 
to displace. 

ano/cXeco, fut. airoKAeiao, perf. airo- 
KeK?>£i/ia (from and, from, and 
KTieicj, to shut up). To shut up 
from going out, to confine, to shut 
in. 

aTTOnXivu, fut. a.7T0K?avu, &c. (from 
diro, from, and kKIvu, to bend). 
To turn aside from, to dissuade, 
to mislead, to let fall, to incline. 

aTTOKO/ii^cj, fut. aTTOKOjuau, &c. (from 
dito, from, and koui^o), to carry). 
To carry away, to transport, to 
bring away. 

anoKOTTTo, fut. aironoiptd, &c. (from 
uTTO,from, and kotttg), to cut). To 
cut off, to mutilate, to shorten. 

dTTOKpefidvvvfML, fut. dnoKpeudao, &c. 
(from diro, from, and Kps/xavvvui, 
to hang). To suspend from, to 
attach to. 

anonplvG), fut. drroKpcvcJ, &c. (from 
drco, from, and Kplvo, to separate). 
To separate from, to select. — In the 
middle voice, to return an answer, 
to reply, to adjudge. 

aTV0Kpv7TT0), fut. dizonpinpio, &c. (from 
diro, from, and npv7rTa>, to hide). 
To hide from, to conceal. 

dnoKTeivcj, fut. dironTevC), &c. (from 
dwo, from, and kteivu, to kill). 
To kill, to slay, to destroy, to put 
to death. 

aTTOKveu, £>, fut. dnoKvyao, perf. 
dnoKEKvnKa (from and, from, and 
kveo, to be pregnant). To bring 
forth, to produce. 

diroXafi6dvo), fut. dirolrjipofiai, &c. 
(from dno, from, and XauBdvo, 
to take). To receive from, to ob- 
tain, to intercept, to take unawares, 
to seize upon. 

dTToTiduTTG), fut. aTToXd^-ipo), &c. (from 
<z7t6, from, and 7idp.7ru, to shine). 
To shine forth brightly, to be re- 
splendent, to glitter, to shine. 
410 



AIIO 

dnohavcnc, eoe, tj (from ditolavu)). 
Advantage, pleasure, enjoyment. 

dwoXavo), fut. dirolavaofxai, perf. 
drrolelavKa (the simple form lava) 
does not occur ; the verb a7ro- 
Xavu comes from utto and a root 
allied with Xd6u, Xap:6dvo)). To 
partake of, to derive advantage 
from, to enjoy. 

d-KoTieaivcD, fut. dnoXeavCf, perf. ditO' 
TieleajKa (from diro, from, and 
Xeaivo, to smooth). To render 
completely smooth, to polish. 

diroleiTTG), fut. dizo'keiipu, &c. (from 
dito, from, and heimt, to lea.ve). 
To leave behind, to leave remain- 
ing, to abandon, to leave out, to 
desert, to leave off, to cease. — In 
the middle voice, to cause one's 
self to be left behind, to remain be- 
hind, to quit, to fail of, to be ab- 
sent from. 

dnolrjyu), fut. diro\fi%G), &c. (from 
aTro, from, and A^yw, to cease). 
To cease from, to desist, to leave 

a7ro9icfiTrdv(o, Ionic for d'Ko'kti'KO. 

areolae, i(adj. from a, not, and7ro/Uf, 
a city), gen. -idoe. Without a city. 

dnolLoSaivo and dTtolicd-dvo), fut. 
diTO?uo~&7/o'G), &c. (from and, from, 
and b%io"&aivo, to slide). To slide 
away, to slip from, to escape from. 

diz67ikvp.L, fut. drcoMau, perf. dircj- 
TiEKa, with the Attic redup. diro- 
lu?iEKa, 2d aor. diTu'kov (from a7ro, 

' from, and bXkv\ii, to destroy). To 
destroy totally, to ruin, to lose. — In 
the middle voice, dnoHv/Liai, perf. 
a7rdAwAa, 2d aor. aTzuTiOfinv. To 
perish, to be undone, to be utterly 
lost, to die. 

'XnoTCXuv, ovoc, 6. Apollo, son of 
Jupiter and Latona, born on the 
island of Delos. He was the god 
of archery, poetry, music, and med- 
icine. In revenge for the death of 
his son iEsculapius, he killed the 
Cyclopes, forgers of the thunder- 
bolts, for which act he was ban- 
ished from heaven by Jupiter. 

'A7roA/lwvioc, ov, 6. ApolloniuSy a 
poet of Alexandria, generally call- 
ed Apollonius Rhodius, from hia 
having lived some time at Rhodes. 



AIIO 

aTtoTioyiofiai, ov/xat, fut. (nroTioyrjoo- 
uai, perf. divo'keXoyvfiai (from 
anoXoyoq, a vindication). To al- 
lege in vindication of one's self, to 
justify one's self, to defend one's 

^ self 

aTcoXvo, fut. cmoTivau, &c. (from 
airo, from, and 2,vo), to release). 
To loose from, to unbind, to set at 
liberty, to discharge, to acquit, to 
release. 

a,7rofj.aivo/uai, fut. a.7ro/u.dvovfiai, perf. 
a,7ro/j,e/ii]va (from dixb, from, and 
fiaivo/iai, to rave). To cease from 
raving, to become rational, to grow 
calm. 

a7ro/uav&avc), fut. aTrofia&qoofiai, &c. 
(from ci-ko, from, and /lav-daw, to 
learn). To unlearn, to forget, to 
lose the liabit of. 

aTTOfiapaivo), fut. aTrofiapavo, &c. 
(from citto, from, and /napatvo, to 
wither). To dry up, to wither up, 
to cause to decay. — In the middle, 
to decay, to perish, to perish by 
gradual decay. 

a7rofj.vnu6vevfid, arog, to (from drco- 
uvn/iovevu, to relate from recol- 
lection). A narrative of memora- 
ble deeds or sayings, a narrative, 
a remembrance. — In the plural, 
memoirs. 

cnroveuu, fut. dTrovefiu, &c. (from 
airo, from, and veucj, to assign). 
To share among, to allot, to as- 
sign, to distribute, to apportion. 

anovevoTjfievuc (adv. from perf. pass. 
part, of aTTOVoeofiai, to lose one's 
senses). Madly, foolishly, incon- 
siderately. 

aizovivvfiL, fut. aTTOvrjaco, &c. (from 
airo, from, and bvivrjut, to enjoy). 
To derive profit from, to enjoy, to 
take pleasure in. 

arcovircTu, fut. a-KOvtyo, perf. arro- 
vevfya (from drzo, from, and vin- 
ro), to wash). To wash off, to 
cleanse by washing. 

arroijvQ, fut. aTro^vacj, &c. (from airo, 
from, and tjvo, to scrape). To 
scrape off, to polish, to sharpen. 

airoTravu, fut. diroTravcrc), &c. (from 
C7r6, from, and iravcj, to cause to 
cease). To cause to cease, to hin- 
der. — In the middle voice, to cause 



AIIO 

one's self to cease, to cease, to de- 
sist, to refrain from, to give over. 

ciTTOTceipa, ac, ri (from and, from, and 
neipa, a trial). A trial, an at- 
tempt, an experiment. 

aTTOTvefind), fut. dTrorreuipu, &c. (from 
airo, from, and tte/xttu, to send). 
To send away, to send back, to dis- 
miss, to discharge from. 

anoTCLTCTo, fut. d7T07ieaovfxac, &c. 
(from airo, from, and 7tcitto), to 
fall). To fall from, to fail. 

aTTOTrXecj, fut. uTTOTrXevaofiat, &c. 
(from and, from, and 7T/l£w, to sail). 
To sail away, to set sail, to sail 
back. 

airoTt/iv/ia, aroc, to (from diroTrXvvco, 
to wash). Water in which any- 
thing has been washed, a solution. 

UTTOTTVeG), fut. UTTOTTVEVOG), &C. (from 

airo, from, and nveo, to breathe). 
To breathe forth life, to expire. 

drconvlyo), fut. aTTOTrvi^a), &c. (from 
otto, intens., and irvlyo, to stran- 
gle). To strangle, to suffocate. 

dwo7TTV0), fut. diio-KTVOG), perf. d7TO- 
-TTETTTVKa (from d7ro, from, and 
tttvo), to spit). To spit out, as 
being disagreeable. Hence, to 
loathe, to spurn, to reject. 

diropio, £>, fut. aTtoprjou, perf. tjtzo- 
pvna (from diropoe, completely at 
a loss). To be utterly at a loss, 
to be perplexed, to be without the 
means of, not to know how. 

dnopcd, ac, v (from a, not, and iropoc, 
a way through). Primitive mean- 
ing, a situation from which there 
is no escape. — Hence, perplexity, 
embarrassment, want, uncertainty. 

diTopp'r/yvv/Lii, fut. aTrop^^o), &c. 
(from utto, intens., and prjyvvfii, to 
break). To tear asunder, to break 
in pieces, to tear off, to cast away. 

divopprjToc, ov (adj. from duo, from, 
and pea, to speak). That cannot 
be uttered. — Hence, secret, prohib- 
ited, forbidden. — In the plural, ra 
uTToppnTa, secrets. 

dizopp'L^oG), £>, fut. dwop^^uao), &c. 
(from aTvo, from, and pt,^6u, to root 
out). To tear up from the roots, 
to eradicate, to extirpate. 

dnopp'i'KTu, fut. dnopp'Lijjo), &c. (from 
d-7r6, from, and /SjVtw, to cast). 

4n 



AIIO 

To cast away, to tear off, to hurl 
from, to reject with disdain, 
andp/ioia, ac, 7] (from dnoppeu, to 
flow from), A flowing from, a 
discharge, exuding juice. 
aTcoofjEvvvjii, fut. dnoGdeGO), &c. 
(from and, intens., and oBivvv/xc, to 
extinguish). To extinguish, to 
suppress, to quench. 
anoGeiu, fut. dnoGeioa), perf. dnoGEG- 
etKa (from and, from, and gem, to 
shake). To shake down from, to 
shake off. 
anoosvG), fut. dnoGEvoo, 1st aor. 
dnsGGsva, dropping a, perf. pass. 
dnEGGVfiat (from utto, from, and 
cevu, to drive). To drive forth, to 
urge on. — In the middle voice, dno- 
cevofiat, 1st aor. dnEGGEvdjinv, 2d 
aor. syncopated, dnEGGVfinv. To 
drive one's self forth, to rush forth 
from, to hasten onward. 
dnoGiunacj, w, fut. an og tony go, &c. 
(from and, from, and Giundu, to 
be silent). To become silent, to 
remain silent. 
dnoGKEvrj, rjc, tj (from dnoGnevdfo, 
to pack up for removal). A pack- 
ing up for removal of baggage, 
removal, baggage. 
dnoGndu, &, fut. dnoanaGO, &c. 
(from uno, from, and ondu, to 
drag). To tear off, to pull asun- 
der, to drag away by force. 
anoGrdfo, fut. anoGrdt-o, perf. dnsG- 
rdxa (from and, from, and crd^u, 
to drop). To fall from in drops, 
to exude, to distil from. 
arcooriXku, fut. dnoGT£?id>, &c. (from 
and, from, and gteXXo, to send). 
To send away, either to or from. 
— To dismiss, to banish. — To 
send on a mission, to invest with 
command abroad. 
dnoGTEpso, £), fut. dnoGTEprJGCJ, perf. 
dnEGTspnica (from and, from, and 
arepecj, to deprive). To deprive of, 
to despoil. 

a.TCOGT€(pU.v6o), CO, fut. d.nOGTE(j)avd)GG), 

&c. (from and, from, and Grecp- 
&v6u, to crown). To deprive of a 
crown. — In the middle voice, to de- 
prive one's self of a crown or gar- 
land, to lay aside one's garland. 
&ttootl?i66g), C), fut. unoGTi2,6d)ocj, 
412 



AIIO 

perf. dnEGrcMuKa (from and, from, 
and GTtldoo), to make shining). 
To render brilliant, to emit brill- 
iancy, to reflect. 
drrooTOAoc, ov, 6 (from dnoGTETiXu, 
to send forth). A naval arma- 
ment, an expedition. — The person 
who directs the fitting out of a fleet, 
the commander of an expedition. 
aTTOGTpi(j)U), fut. dnoGrpiipu, &c. 
(from and, from, and Grpetyo, to 
turn). To turn from, to divert, to 
remove, to turn back. — In the mid- 
dle voice, to turn one's self back, to 
return. 
dnoGrpocprj, ?jc, tj (from unoGrpifo). 
A turning away from, aversion, a 
defection, a turning aside. 
dnoGTvyso, (b, fut. anoGrvyrjGco and 
diTOGTvtju, perf. dnEGrvyrjua and 
dneGTvxa, 2d aor. dnsGrvyov (from 
and, from, and GTvyeu, to hate). 
To hate bitterly, to abhor, to detest. 
dnoG(j)d&, fut. dnoGtpdijo, &c. (from 
and. from, and Gtpd^u, to slay). 
To kill in cold blood, to butcher, to 
slaughter, to murder. 
dnoGcpEvdovaco, €>, fut. dnoG<pEvdov?j- 
go), perf. d-KEotyevddvvKa (from and, 
from, and Gcpevdovdo, to sling). 
To cast from a sling, to hurl as 
if from a sling. 
unoGxifa, fut. dnoGXLGG), &c. (from 
dno, from, and gx'^co, to cleave). 
To split asunder, to disjoin, to di- 
vide, to separate. 
dnoGC)£o, fut. uttogcJgg), (fee. (from 
and, from, and gcj^u, to save). To 
save from danger, to preserve, to 
bring back in safety. 
dnoreXeo), d, fut. unoreTikGu, &c. 
(from and, from, and teMo, to 
finish). To perform completely, 
to accomplish, to terminate, to pro- 
duce, to fulfil, to assume, 
dnortuvo), fut. anoTEfiu, &c. (from 
and, from, and T^fivo, to cut). To 
cut off, to retrench, to divide, to 
separate from. 
dnoTL-&i][iL, fut. dno&i/GG), &c. (from 
and, from, and ri^rjp.1, to place). 
To lay aside, to deposite, to put 
away, to reject. 
dnoTfif/yo, fut. dnot/j.r/^o), perf. dno- 
TeTfxrjxa, 2d aor. dnirfidyov (an 



AIIO 
epic form of aTrorifivu). To cut 
off from, to intercept from. 

airoTOfioc, ov (adj. from dTrorefivo), to 
cut off). Cut off, severed from, 
abrupt, precipitous, steep, rugged. 

airorpeTro), fut. cnroTpeipG), &c. (from 
a7ro, from, and Tpenu, to turn). 
To turn aside from, to divert, to 
dissuade, to prevent. 

awoTpoiroc, ov (adj. from dTroTpenu). 
Turned away from, averted. — 
Hence, displeased. — Also active- 
ly, from which one turns with 
aversion, deserving hatred, odious, 
detestable, that ought to be avoided 
by all. 

dizorvyxavu, fut. anoTev^o/iac, &c 
(from Q,Tx6,from, and Tvyxavu, to 
meet). To miss the attainment 
of, to fail in obtaining, to lose, to 
be deprived of. 

aTTOTV/nravl^o), fut. cnroTVUTcavXco, 
perf. uTTOTeTv/xTrdvlKa (from and, 
from, and TVfnvavifa, to strike with 
a club). To kill by beating. — To 
kill, to destroy. 

airovpaq (1st aor. part. act. from an 
obsolete root, but assigned, from 
similarity of signification, to the 
verb anavpao), to despoil). Hav- 
ing taken away, having deprived of. 

airovpi^u, fut. a-rrovplao), perf. dtrov- 
pina (Ionic for tityopifa). To re- 
move the boundaries or land-marks 
of, to encroach upon the bounda- 
ries of. — The primitive meaning 
is, to take away the land-marks of 
another's property so as afterward 
to dispossess him of it. 

aizovaia, ac, i] (from dwovaa, fern, 
of pres. part, of direi/ni, to be ab- 
sent). Absence, want, deficiency, 
departure. 

airoQaivo), fut. aTTofyavQ, &c. (from 
d7ro, from, and (paivo, to show). 
To make appear, to expose to view, 
to display, to produce, to declare. 
— In the middle voice, to display 
one's self to view, to announce, to 
proclaim, to express. — To appear. 

anotfrepG), fut. aTzoicu, &c. (from cnzo, 
from, and <j>epo), to bear). To carry 
away, to transport, to bring for- 
ward, to produce. 

airodopd, tig, i) (from unotyepu). A 
M m2 



AIIP 
bearing away, a contribution, a 
tax, tribute. 

UTTocppaTTG) and a7ro(j)paGG0), fut. u7ro- 
(f>pd^o), perf. airo7re<ppaxa (from 
and, from, and (ppdrro), to stop up). 
To obstruct, to block up, to stop up. 

dnoxecj, fut. dnoxeiico), &c. (from 
d-Ko,from, and ^ew, to pour). To 
pour out, to spill. — To cast away, 
to cause to fall from. 

dnoxpaofiat, dual, fut. a7roxpwofiai f 
perf. dTiOK£XPV a l J - a1 ' aXi & tiTroicexpv- 
fjtai (from d-nd, from, and xpdofiai, 
middle voice, to use). To use 
away from the true purpose, to 
misuse, to abuse. — Also, to make 
use of, to be contented with. 

uTToxdivvvjii, fut. dnoxd>ou, &c. (from 
tino, from, and ^Jwv/if, to heap 
up). To keep off by throwing up 
dams, to obstruct, to dam up. 

aTroxupeu, w, fut. diroxupiio'G), &c. 
(from tino, from, and ^wpew, to 
depart). To go away from, to 
withdraw, to depart, to retire. 

d-KOxd>pr]aiq, ewe, 57 (from cbro^cjpew). 
A withdrawing, a retreat, a de~ 
parture. 

diTOipiXoc), u, fut. aTTOiplXuao), perf. 
direipi?Mtca (from an 6, from, and 
iplloo, to make bald). To strip off 
the hair. — To lay bare, to strip off. 

drcoipvx^, fut. aTTOipv^o, &c. (from 
d-KO, from, and 4>vx ( °i to breathe). 
To breathe out, to breathe forth. — 
To cool, to refresh. 

dirpayjuovcjc (adv. from dirpdy/iiuv). 
Without occupation, indolently, 
idly. 

drcpdyfiov, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Trptiyfia, business). Free from oc~ 
cupation, averse to active pur- 
suits, quietly disposed, peaceable, 
indolent. 

aTcpanToe, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TrpdoGu, to perform). Not capa- 
ble of performing, weak — In a 
passive sense, that cannot be per- 
formed, impracticable. 

dnpeTTrjc, eg (adj. from a, not, and 
rrpeTTo, to become). Unbecoming, 
unseemly, disgraceful. 

d-KpovorjTioc (adv. from uTTpovonroc, 
imprudent) . Without previous re- 
flection, improvidently, rashly. 
413 



Apr 

aTcpoGdoKrjToc, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and TrpoadoKrjTog, expected). Un- 
expected, contrary to expectation. 

airpoo-doKTjTuc (adv. from aTrpoo66- 
KrjTog). Unexpectedly, suddenly, 
unawares. 

airrepog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
nrepov, a wing). Without wings. 
— Without feathers. 

&TTTO, fut. uipo, perf. 7]<pa, perf. pass. 
yp,p,ai, perf. pass. part. r/pp.evoe.. 
To bind to, to fasten to, to apply 
anything to, as fire. — Hence, to 
kindle, to light, to set fire to. — In 
the middle voice, to fasten one's self 
to, to lay hold of, to seize, to touch, 
to enjoy. 

cnrvpoq, ov (adj. from a, not, and nvp, 
fire). Without fire, that needs not 
the action of fire, native. 

UTTG)-&ic), to, and clku'&o), fut. airuou, 
&c. (from euro, from, and cj-deu, 
to push). To drive away, to re- 
pel, to exclude. 

op, an Epic form of apa, used before 
a consonant. 

apa (conj.). Then, therefore, yet. 
apa, with circumflex on first sylla- 
ble, is interrogative ; is it that ? is 
it so ? whether 1 — It often has 
the meaning of forsooth, to wit, 
&c. 

'Apa6ia, ac, y. Arabia, a large coun- 
try of Asia, forming a peninsula 
between the Arabian and Persian 
Gulfs. 

'ApaOticoc, 7}, ov (adj.). Arabian. — 
'ApaBitcog KoXnog, the Red Sea. 

'Apahtoc, a, ov (adj.). Arabian. 

apaioc, a, ov (adj.). Thin, porous, 
fine. 

"Ajjaip, a6oc, 6. An Arabian.-^ol 
"Apaftec, the Arabians. 

'Apyav&tovToc, ov, 6. Arganthonius, 
a king of Tartessus in Spain, who 
is said to have lived 150, and to 
have reigned 80, years. 

'Apyeia, ac, rj. Argia, or, as it is 
usually called, Argolis, a country 
of the Peloponnesus, to the east of 
Arcadia. 

'Apyeloc, a, ov (adj. from "Apyoc, 
Argos). Argive, Grecian. — 01 
'Apyeloi, in Homer a general term 
for the Greeks, 
414 



APE 

apyevvoq, y, ov (adj., ^Eol. and Dor. 
for apyoc). White, shining. 

apyia, ac, y (from apyeu, to be 
idle). Idleness, indolence, inactiv- 
ity, quiet. 

' Apyileovic, idoe, rj. Argileonis, 
the mother of Brasidas. 

'Apyovavrai, Cov, 01. The Argo- 
nauts, the heroes who went with 
Jason to Colchis, in the ship Argo, 
in search of the golden fleece. 

"Apyoc, ov, 6. Argus. He had a 
hundred eyes, of which only two 
slept at a time ; he was therefore 
employed by Juno to watch Io, who 
had been turned into a heifer by 
Jupiter, but he was lulled asleep 
and killed by Mercury. — Also, Ar- 
gus, a son of Phryxus. 

"Apyoc, eoc, con r. ovc, to. Argos, 
the capital of Argolis. It was 
situated on the river Inachus, and 
generally regarded as the most 
ancient city of Greece. 

apyoc, ov, also, but seldom, or, 57, 6v 
(adj. contr. from ciepyoc, from a, 
not, and epyov, work). Doing no 
work, idle, inactive. — Of land, not 
cultivated, unproductive. 

apyvpetoc, ov, and upyvpeoc, ea, eov, 
contr. ovc, a, ovv (adj. from upyv- 
poc, silver). Made of silver, silver. 

apyvplov, ov, to (dim. of upyvpoc, 
silver). A small piece of silver, 
a silver coin, silver. 

apyvpLTic, Xdog, y (fern, of apyvpiTtjc, 
with yf) understood). A soil rich 
in silver. — Silver ore. 

(ipyvpoc, ov, 6. Silver. 

upyvpoc, ov (adj. from apyoc, shi- 
ning). Wliite. 

'Apyco, 60c, contr. ovc, rj. The Argo, 
the name of the ship built by Ar- 
gus for Jason and his companions 
when they went to recover the 
golden fleece. 

apdsvo, fut. apdevau, perf. rjpdevKa 
(a form of apdu). To give water 
to drink. — Hence, to water plants, 
to irrigate, to refresh, to revive. 

updrjv (adv. contr. from aepdyv from 
alpu, to raise). Raised on high, 
wholly, utterly, entirely. 

'Ape&ovo-a, yc, Doric ac, rj. Are- 
thusa, a nymph of Elis, daughter 



API 

of Oceanus, and one of Diana's 
attendants. — Also, a fountain, in 
the island of Ortygia, in the har- 
bour of Syracuse, into which the 
nymph Arethusa was changed by 
Diana, to avoid the pursuit of the 
god of the Alpheus. 

"Apeid, ag, 77 (from "Apng, Mars). 
Aria, a fountain in Boeotia sacred 
to Mars. 

apecTKu, fut. dpeau, perf. f/peica, perf. 
pass. fipEOjiai, 1st aor. pass, ripia- 
■&7JV (from dpo, to jit). To Jit 
one's self to another's wishes. — 
Hence, to suit, to please, to gratify, 
to appease. 

uperr], fjs, T) (from apeantj, to fit). 
Primitive meaning, fitness, ability. 
— Hence, virtue, merit, valour, 
bravery, excellence. — Applied to 
soil, fertility. 

dpi], f/c, Ionic for dpd, uc, ?). A curse, 
an imprecation. — Hence, as the 
consequence of a curse, evil, in- 
jury, ruin. 

dpf/yo, fut. dprjt-u, perf. 7/pnx a - To 
ward off from, to lend aid to, to as- 
sist. 

apijv (not in use, from it the other 
cases are derived), gen. apvoc, 
&c, nom. pi. dpvec, gen. upvuv, 
dat. upvdai, in Homer dpvtGGi, 
&c. A ram, mostly a lamb. 

"Apng, eoc, contr. ovc, and Ionic 
r/oc, 6. Ma,rs, a son of Jupi- 
ter and Juno, god of war and 
bloodshed. 

'ApidSvn, nc, t). Ariadne, daughter 
of Minos II., king of Crete, by 
Pasiphae. She was carried away 
by Theseus, who afterward aban- 
doned her in the isle of Naxos. 

dpi-d-ueu, w, fut. dpi-d-^TJGO), perf. 
Vpidunaa (from dpi-&uog). To 
count, to enumerate, to reckon ac- 
cording to. 

apcduoc, ov, 6 (from upduoc, union). 
A regular order or connexion. — 
Hence, a series of numbers, enu- 
meration, number, notation. 

'Aptouavdnc, ov, 6. Ariomandes, son 
of Gobryas, was, according to 
Callisthenes, commander of the 
Persian land-forces at the battle 
of the Eurymedon. 



API 

upL-rrpeTcr/c, eg (adj. from dpi, an in- 
tensive particle, and rrpeTro), to be 
eminent). Very eminent, very 
distinguished. 

'ApiGTdyopag, ov, 6. Arislagoras, 
nephew of Histiaeus, tyrant of Mi- 
letus, by whom he was incited to 
revolt against Persia. He was 
killed in a battle against the Per- 
sians, B.C. 499. 

'Apiaraioc, ov, 6. Aristczus, son of 
Apollo and the nymph Cyrene, 
and father of Actaeon. 

dpiardu, u, fut. dptarrjau, perf. r)piG- 
T7]K.a (from uptarov, breakfast). 
To breakfast. 

'ApiGreidng, ov, 6. Aristides, a cel- 
ebrated Athenian, son of Lysima- 
chus, whose great temperance and 
virtue procured him the surname 
of the Just. 

dpiGTEiov, ov, to (from dpiGTsvo), to 
excel). The palm of valour, the 
prize of bravery. 

dpiarepog, a, ov (adj.). The left. — 
r) dpiarepd (xcip understood), the 
left hand. — ev dpiarepd (xeipi un- 
derstood), on the left, to the left. 

dpiarevg, eug, 6 (from dpiarog-, the 
best). The bravest warrior, the 
most distinguished. 

dpiarevu, fut. dpiarevau, perf. ijpia- 
tevko. (from dpioTog, best). To be 
the best, to be eminent, to excel, to 
bear off the palm, to signalize 
one's valour. 

dpiarivSnv (adv. equiv. to /car' upia- 
rov, according to what is best). 
With reference to merit, according 
to merit. 

'ApiarnrKog, ov, 6. Aristippus, a 
philosopher of Cyrene, disciple to 
Socrates, and founder of the Cy- 
renaic sect. 

dpiaroiroieo), u, fut. dpiaronoirjaoo, 
perf. ripiGTOTcoivKa (from dpiorov, 
breakfast, and 7roieo, to prepare). 
To prepare breakfast, to make 
breakfast ready. — In the middle 
voice, to breakfast. 

dpiarog, v, ov (adj., irreg. superl. of 
dyddog, good). Best, most virtu- 
ous, bravest, most excellent, &c. 

'ApiGToreXng, eog, contr. ovg, 6. 
Aristotle, a celebrated Grecian 
415 



APM 

philosopher, born at Stagyra, B.C. 
384. He was a pupil of Plato's, 
and, the instructer of Alexander 
the Great. He founded also the 
sect termed Peripatetic. 

'ApiGTofdvr/c, soc, contr. ovc, 6, 
Aristophanes, a famous Greek 
comic poet of Athens, born in 
the island of ^Egina. 

'Aptiadta, ac, r). Arcadia, a country 
in the centre of the Peloponnesus. 
Its inhabitants were generally of 
pastoral habits. 

apKW&oc, ov, 7]. The juniper -bush. 

dpneco, w, fut. -ego, perf. rjpKEKa. 
To ward off, to keep off, to avert, 
with the accusative of the thing 
or person kept off, and the dative 
of the person or thing from which 
it is kept off. — To hinder, to pre- 
vent, to restrain. — Hence, with a 
dative of the person, to aid, to as- 
sist, to succour. — -As a neuter verb, 
to suffice, to be equal to, &c. — dp- 
net, it is sufficient. — In the middle, 
apKeofiai, to content one's self with, 
to acquiesce in, &c. 

apuTOc, ov, 6 and r). A bear. — at 
apKTOi, the greater and smaller 
bears (in the heavens), the north. 
— 7] apuroc, the greater bear, the 
ursa major, the north. 

apfia, aroc, to (from dpo, to join, to 
attach). A chariot. 

dpfj.dp.a^d, nc, r) (from apfia, and 
a/ia^a, a wagon?). A covered 
chariot, for conveying women and 
children on journeys, &c, a coach, 
a travelling coach. 

dp/xaT-rjlaTEO), Co, fut. -rjoo, perf. r)p- 
(/.aTnTiarnna (from apfia, and el- 
avvo, to drive). To drive or con- 
duct a chariot or car, to drive a 
chariot, to drive. 

'ApfievHTTi (adv.). In Armenian, in 
the Armenian tongue. — After the 
Armenian fashion or manner. 

dpfiodiuc (adv. from dpfiodioc, Jit- 
ting). In a fitting manner, con- 
veniently, suitably. 

dp/xo^o), fut. dpfioau, perf. rjpjuoica 
(from dpu, to fit, to join). To fit, 
to adapt, to be fitted for, to be suit- 
ed to. — In the middle voice, to 
adapt one's self, to join for one's 
416 



APn 

self to construct for one's self, or 
by one's own skill. 

'Approved, ac, rj. Harmonia, or, as 
she is more commonly called, Her- 
mione, daughter of Mars and Ve- 
nus, given in marriage to Cad- 
mus. 

dp\ioarr)c, ov, 6 (from dp/j,6&). A 
governor. An appellation used by 
the Spartans to designate the gov- 
ernors placed by them in the con- 
quered cities during their hegemo- 
ny. — It was the title also of gov- 
ernors sent by the mother state to 
a colony, when the latter was de- 
pendant on the former. 

dp/LtoGToc, r), ov (adj. from dp/J.6^0). 
Joined together, fitted, that fits 
close, bound together, adapted. — 
Regulated, governed, set in order. 

dpveofiai, ov/xai, fut. dpvrjGOjxai, perf. 
r)pv7][iai. To refuse, to deny, to 
assert a thing not to be. 

dpvvuai (deponent middle, from the 
obsolete upvvp.1, which is from ai- 
po), fut. dptj, to lake up), used only 
in the present and imperfect. To 
obtain, to acquire. — To endeavour 
to obtain, to strive to gain. — To 
sustain, to maintain, to protect. 

dpoToc, ov, r) (properly an adjective, 
with yr) understood, from dpoo), to 
plough). Arable land. 

dporpevc, euc, 6 (from dpou, to 
plough). A ploughman, a hus- 
bandman. 

dpovpu, ac, V (from dpoo, to plough). 
Tilled land, cultivated land, a field. 

dpTrdyr}, riQ, 7) (from dpird^o)). Rob- 
bery, seizure, rapine, forcible car- 
rying off, pillage, &c. 

dpnd^o), fut. dpTrd^u, Attic dpizdaw, 
perf. rjpTrdxa and r/pTrana, 2d aor. 
rjpirayov, perf. pass ypitaGfiai. To 
seize, to carry off by violence, to 
rob, to plunder. 

apirn, vc, r). A sickle. Hence the 
harpe, or sickle- shaped sword, 
which Perseus used in cutting off 
the Gorgon's head. 

"Aprrviai, Cw, at (from apTru, obsolete 
form for dptzufa, to seize, to carry 
off). The Harpies, three winged 
monsters, having the faces of wo- 
men and the bodies of vultures. 



APT 

apfievTicoc, y, ov (adj. from dp^yv, 
male). Masculine, male. 

appevuTroc, ov (adj. from uppr/v, and 
dtp, the aspect). Of a manly as- 
pect, of a bold look. 

afipr/KToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
p"r}yvvfii, to break). Unbroken. — 
Not to be broken, impenetrable. 

dpp'yv, ev (adj.). Male, manly. — ol 
uppevec, males. 

app'yToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and fa- 
roc, said). Unsaid, unuttered. — 
Not to be uttered, unutterable, 
shameful, abominable. 

appuoreco, u, fut. ap^uarr/ao), perf. 
yppuarnKa (from upp'uoTOc, with- 
out strength). To be feeble, to be 
sick. 

upp"(oaT7]/Liu, aroc, to (from up^coarso)). 
Sickness, a malady, a disorder. 

upp'cdaroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
p"uvvvp.t, to be strong). Weak, 
sick, feeble. 

upar/v, ev (adj., the old Attic form of 
appnv). Male, masculine. — Man- 
ly, brave, vigorous. 

'Apaivoy, yc, rj. Arsinoe, a city of 
Egypt, near Lake Moeris, called 
also Crocodilopolis, from the ven- 
eration paid by the inhabitants to 
crocodiles. 

'ApTatiepsnc, ov, 6. Artaxerxes, the 
second king of Persia that bore 
this name, was the son of Darius 
II. He was surnamed Mnemon, 
on account of his extensive mem- 
ory. 

aprau, G>, fut. upryau, perf. r/pryaa 
(from upo), to join). To attach, 
to hang to, to connect. — In the 
passive, lipraopai, to be connected 
or attached. — e£ oaXtiT^uv f/pTyrac, 
consult note, page 57, line 3-10. 

'Aprefiic, Xdoc, 7). Artemis, or Di- 
ana, daughter of Jupiter and La- 
tona, and sister of Apollo. She 
was the goddess of hunting. 

'Apreuioiov, ov, to. Artemisium, a 
promontory of Eubosa, on which 
was a temple sacred to Artemis or 
Diana. 

aprt (adv.). Lately, just now. — 
aprt .... aprt, now .... now. 

dproq, ov, 6. Bread, wheaten bread 
(as distinguished from barley- 



APX 

bread, the Greek for which is 
//afa), a loaf. 

upvo) and upvrcj, fut. apvau, perf. 
rjpvua. To draw up. — In the 
middle, upvofiac, to draw up for 
one's self. 

apxatoc, a, ov (adj. from upxv)- An- 
cient, old, of yore. — ol upxatoi, the 
ancients, the men of earlier days. 

'Apx&uoc, ov, 6. Archeldus, a king 
of Macedonia, son of Perdiccas II. 
He patronised Euripides, who died 
in his dominions. 

upxerac, Doric for apxernc, ov, 6 
(from apxu, to rule). A leader, a 
founder, the author of an enter- 
prise or undertaking. 

u-PXVi VCy V- The beginning, an 
origin. — The kingdom, the gov- 
ernment. — A pretence for begin- 
ning or entering on a thing. — at 
upxal, the magistrates. — hi; ctpxyc, 
from the first. 

apxyjETic, tdoc, rj (fern, of apxvye- 
ryc, from apxv, and rjyeouai, to 
lead). A patroness, a pair on- god- 
dess. 

apxyyoc, ov, 6 (from dpxv, and ayu, 
to lead). A chief, a leader. — An 
author, a founder, an inventor. 

'Apxlac, ov, 6. Archtas, the person 
employed by Antipater to seize 
Demosthenes. 

"'Apxiddpoe, ov, 6. Archiddmus, son 
of Agesilaus, of the family of the 
Proclidse. 

1 ) Apx'i^oxoq, ov, 6. Archilochus, a 
Greek poet, born in the island of 
Paros, and who flourished 688 
B.C. He was noted for the bit- 
terness of his satire. 

apxiTEKTovlKbc, i], ov (adj. from dp- 
XtTeKTuv). Appertaining to ar- 
chitecture, architectural. 

apxiTSKTuv, ovoq, 6 (from up%o), and 
tektov, a builder). A head build- 
er, an architect. 

apxco, fut. upga), perf. r)pxa, perf. 
pass, fipyfiai. To begin, to take 
the lead, to rule, to govern. — In the 
middle voice, upxopai, to begin 
(i. e., for one's self). 

apx^v, ovtoc, 6 (properly the pres. 
part, of upx<^)- A ruler. — Anar- 
chon, an Athenian magistrate. 
417 



ASK 

apuparifa, ftit. dpupaTCGO, perf. 
ripupaflna (from dpuua, a spice). 
To have a spicy smell, to be 
aromatic. — To perfume with spi- 
ces. 

dpoparotyopog, ov (adj. from dpupara, 
spices, and (ptpid, toproduce). Pro- 
ducing spices. 

aoatyrje, ec (adj. from a, not, and 
ad(j)Tjc, clear). Obscure, not clear, 
uncertain, not to be depended on. 

'AcdpovSac, a, 6. Asdrubal, son-in- 
law of Amilcar, whom he succeed- 
ed in the government of Spain. 
He was the founder of Carthago 
Nova, or Carthagena. 

aaeSetd, ag, r) (from aGsSrig, impious). 
Impiety, irreverence towards the 
gods, irreligion. 

dasBrjc, eg (adj. from a, not, and ge- 
6to, to worship). Impious, irreli- 
gious, profane. 

aGrjpog, ov (adj. from a, not, and or)- 
fia, a mark). Not marked, un- 
distinguished, obscure, unimpor- 
tant. 

dafteveia, ag, 7) (from uo&evf}g,weak). 
Weakness, feebleness, illness. 

ug&eveo, w, fut. -fjou, perf. r/cr&Evnica 
(from dcr&evTjg). To be weak, to 
be feeble, to be sick, to be ill. 

dc-Q-evrig, eg (adj. from a, not, and 
cdevog, strength). Weak, feeble, 
sick. 

ao&/j.a, drog, to (from do), to blow). 
Breath, a breathing. — A deep or 
laborious breathing, a gasp. 

7 Aoid, ag, r). 1 . Asia. 2. Asia 
Minor, now Anadoli, corrupted 
from Anatolia. 3. One of the 
Oceantdes. She married Iapetus. 

dalrog, ov (adj. from a, not, and ol- 
rog, food). Without food, without 
eating, fasting. 

'Aa/cavlog, ov, 6. Ascanius, son of 
^Eneas and Creiisa. He accom- 
panied his father to Italy, and suc- 
ceeded him in the kingdom of the 
Latins. 

acKEO, ti, fut. -fjcio, perf. fjanntca. 
To exercise, to practise, to go over 
a thing carefully. 

donrjoLg, ewe, r) (from dcr/cew). Prac- 
tice, a practising, exercise, appli- 
cation. 
418 



AST 

daKTjTog, tj, ov (ad . from ugkeio). 
Practised, exercised. — Adorned, 
skilfully wrought. 

'AcxXnTUEiov, ov, to (properly an ad- 
jective, with lEpov understood). A 
temple of Aesculapius. 

'AGKXnmog, ov, 6. Aesculapius, son 
of Apollo, and god of medicine. 
He was killed by Jupiter with a 
thunderbolt for restoring the dead 
to life. 

"Acr/cpd, ag, and Ionic "AGnprj, ng, ij. 
Ascra, a town of Bceotia, famous 
for having been the residence of 
Hesiod. 

d~Gjxa, drog, to (from adu, to sing, 
perf. pass. ijGpai). A strain, a 
song. 

depevog, n, ov (adj. from rjdopai, to 
please, perf. pass. part. i/Gpivog). 
Willing, glad, with pleasure, and 
the neuter, as an adverb, gladly. 

aGpivog (adv. from uGpsvog). Will- 
ingly, gladly, with pleasure. 

aGTtd^opai, fut. dcndGopai, perf. 
f/GnaGpai (from a, intensive, and 
GTrdo), to draw). To draw close 
to one, to embrace, to greet, to hold 
in one's arms. — (3iov uGixdoaGftai, 
to embrace a mode of life, to adopt 
a course of living. 

aGTraipo, fut. aGTzapib, perf. ijGTrapua 
(from a, intensive, and Gizaipu, to 
pant ) . To palpitate , to pant heav- 
ily, to be convulsed, to oppose, to 
struggle against. 

uGTraGpa, drog, to (from dondZflpai). 
An embrace. 

aGKig, Xdog, ij. A shield. — Also an 
asp. 

aGnopog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
GTCEipo, to sow, perf. mid. EGiropa). 
Unsown, uncultivated, rugged. 

doTEpoTvjj, rig, rj, poetic form for ug- 
Tpanr], fig, r). Lightning. 

uGTrip, spog, 6. A star. 

aGTog, ov, 6 (from &gtv, a city). A 
citizen, a fellow- citizen. 

'Acrog, ov, 6. Astus, the name of 
a dog. 

aGTpdjdXog, ov, 6. A die. 

uGTpu-Krj, fjg, i] (from aGTpdrcTUi). 
Lightning. 

UGTpUTTTCJ, fut. UGTpdlpO), perf. 7jG- 

Tpdfa (from a, intensive, and 



A2Q 
arpdiTTO) for crpicjxj, to whirl). 
To lighten, to flash forth light- 
ning. 

aGTpohoysG), u, fut. -tjgu, perf. t)g- 
TpoloyrjKa (from uarpov, a star, 
and Mycj, to discourse about). To 
study astronomy, to turn one's at- 
tention to astronomy. 

aarpov, ov, to. A star, a constella- 
tion. 

acrv, eoc, to. A city. When Attic 
affairs are spoken of, ugtv signi- 
fies the city of Athens. 

'AaTvavatj, anToc, 6. Astydnax, the 
name given by the Trojans, out of 
gratitude to the father, to Scaman- 
drius, the son of Hector and An- 
dromache (from ugtv, a city, and 
aval;, a prince or defender). 

acTvde (adv. from ugtv, with the suf- 
fix 6e, denoting motion towards). 
To the city. 

clgwegIu, ac, r) (from a, not, and gv- 
veoie, understanding). Want of 
understanding, folly, stupidity. 

aavvrf&rjc, ec (adj. from a, not, and 
cvvrj'&ng, intimate). Unacquaint- 
ed, unusual, unaccustomed. 

a,G(j)d2,eia, ac, 7} (from aG§aki)c). Se- 
curity, safety. 

aGtyalfic, ec (adj. from a, not, and 
G(j>d?i?iOfxat, to totter). Safe, se- 
cure. 

aGfyal&c (adv. from aGfyakrjc). Se- 
curely, safely, with safety. 

aGxahao), u, fut. -t)gu, perf. 7]Gxd"k- 
nua ; and aGxdXku, fut. dcr^aAw, 
perf. yGxahica. To be indignant 
at, to be impatient at, to bear im- 
patiently. 

aGxeToe, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
exo), to hold, to contain, 2d aor. 
infin. cxelv). Intolerable, insup- 
portable. 

aGxn/iovEG), d, fut. tjgcj, perf. t)gxv- 
ju6v7]K.a (from aGxvpw, unseemly). 
To do an unseemly act, to behave 
disgracefully, to disgrace one's 
self by one's conduct. 

aGxvf^OGVvn, nc, t) (from aaxvfuov, 
unseemly). Indecency, indecorum. 
— Deformity. 

dacj/zaroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
GQfia, a body). Incorporeal. 

&GuToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 



ATO 

gu£o, to preserve). Not to b» 
saved. — Profligate, prodigal, a 
spendthrift. 

aTanTec), u, fut. -tjgo), perf. 7/TdKTntca 
(from uraKTOc, in disorder). To 
be in disorder or confusion, not to 
keep the ranks. 

'ATaXdvrn, nc, t). Atalanta, a daugh- 
ter of Schoeneus, king of Scyrus, 
and famed, as a huntress, for her 
speed in running. 

aTaldcppcjv, ov (adj. from urakbc, 
tender, and <t>pf/v, mind). Of ten- 
der mind. — Tender, innocent. 

uTap (conj.). But. 

aTUG-dukoc, ov (adj. from aTao, to in- 
jure). Wicked, criminal, insolent, 
impious, ungodly, rash, overbear- 
ing, arrogant, foolish. 

uTacj>oc, ov (adj. from a, not, and Ta- 
<poc, a tomb). Unburied, without 
the rites of sepulture. 

ute (conj., originally the accus. plur. 
neuter of ogts, and equivalent to 
icad' are). Since, inasmuch as, 
seeing that, because, whereas. 

utekvoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
tekvov, a child). Childless. 

aTipfiidv, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TEpfia, a limit). Unlimited, with- 
out limits, boundless. 

utt], nc, j] (from ddw, to injure?). 
Harm, injury, evil, wrong. — A 
curse, a calamity, misfortune. 

aTf&dGGEVToc, ov (adj. from a, not, 
and Tc&aGGEvu, to tame). Untame- 
able, not to be tamed. — Untamed, 
fierce. 

utZ/lloc, ov (adj. from a, not, and Ttp.rj, 
honour). Unhonoured, contemned. 
— Dishonoured, deprived of all 
civil rights, infamous. 

'ArAavr/c, idoc, t) (a female patro- 
nymic derived from "ArAac). A 
daughter of Atlas. — In the plural, 
'AT?iavTid£c, al, the Atlantides, or 
seven daughters of Atlas, who 
were made a constellation after 
death, under the name of the 
Pleiades. 

aTOTroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TOTToc, a place). Out of place, 
misplaced, unbecoming, improper, 
silly, absurd. — Uncommon, extra- 
ordinary. 

419 



Arr 

'Arpeafyc, ov, 6 (patronymic from 
'Arpevf). Son of Atreus. — In the 
plural, 'Arpeldai, C)v, ol, the Atri- 
dae, or sons of Atreus, an appella- 
tion given to Agamemnon and 
Menelaus. 

arpeKeug (adv. from urpEKvg, exact). 
Truly, faithfully. 

uTpifid, and, before a vowel, arpepiag 
(adv. from a, not, and rps/xo), to 
tremble). Quietly, gently, softly, 
in an under tone. 

arpefieu, w, fut. -rjoo, perf. rjTpejunna 
(from drpe/Livg, unmoved). To be 
quiet, to be tranquil, not to tremble. 

uTpenroc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TpeTzu, to turn or move). Immove- 
able, unchanging. — Not moved, 
unmoved, fixed, firm, unchanged, 
unaltered. 

urpurog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
TirpuGKO), to wound). Invulner- 
able. — Unwounded. 

'ArriKrj, f/c, v (properly the feminine 
of 'Arn/cof, with yij understood). 
Attica, a country of Greece, with- 
out the Peloponnesus, and lying 
to the south of Boeotia. 

'Arn/coc, v, ov (adj.). Attic, of At- 
tica. 

arvfe, fut. drv^o, perf. vrvx a - To 
frighten, to perplex. — In the pas- 
sive, uTv^o/iai, to be frightened, to 
be perplexed, to be powerfully agi- 
tated or wrought upon. — arvC,o[ii- 
vnv U7To2,ead-ac, consult note, page 
162, line 99. 

'Arvg, voc, 6. Atys, an ancient king 
of Lydia. 

drvxto), d, fut. -yau, perf. v T ^XV Ka 
(from utvxvc, unfortunate). To 
be unfortunate. 

urvxvc, «c (adj. from a, not, and rv- 
XV, fortune). Unfortunate, un- 



arvxla, ac, v (from art^ew). Mis- 
fortune, adversity, a misfortune, a 
disappointment, a failure, want of 
success. 

av (adv.). Primitive meaning, back, 
backward ; more usual significa- 
tion, again, back again, anew, once 
more, on the contrary, &c. 

Avyelag, ov, 6. Augeas, king of 

Elis, whose stables, containing an 

420 



Arn 

immense number of cattle, were 
cleansed by Hercules after they 
had remained for thirty years with- 
out cleansing. The hero accom- 
plished the task in one day, by 
turning upon them the waters of 
a river. 

av-&ud£)c (adv. from av&ddvc, arro- 
gant). Arrogantly, obstinately, 
in a self-willed manner, &c. 

av-&ic (adv., a lengthened form of av). 
Again, anew. 

aviso), £>, fut. -7/GG), perf. v^V Ka 
(from avAog, a pipe). To play on 
the pipe. — To buzz, to hum, said 
of insects, and their peculiar 
music. 

av7\,rj, fjc, rj (from uo, to blow). 1. 
A courtyard, an open airy court 
before a dwelling, surrounded with 
offices and stables. — A similar en- 
closure before a tent or hut. — 2. 
A porch, or rather hall, a palace. 

avAvrrjg, ov, 6 (from avAeo, to play 
upon the pipe). A piper, one who 
plays upon the pipe, a musician. 

av?iVTtnv, fjc, v (properly the femi- 
nine of avXvTifcoc, with rix v V un- 
derstood). The art of playing on 
the pipe. 

av?iVTLK.6c, v, ov (adj. from avAeu, to 
play upon the pipe). Appertain- 
ing to the pipe, relating to the art 
of playing upon the pipe. 

avAr/rpig, Idoc, v (from avAvrf/c). A 
female player on the pipe, a female 
musician. 

avAog, ov, 6 (from do, to blow, to in- 
flate). Apipe. — Erroneously ren- 
dered by many a flute. 

avgdvo and av^u, fut. avtjvcrc), perf. 
nv^yna, to increase, to augment, 
to enlarge, to cause to grow, to put 
forth. — In the middle, avtjo/xai, to 
grow, to prosper, to increase in 
size, to attain to power, to in- 
crease in popularity, to come into 
notice. 

av^vaig, eog, v (from av^u). In- 
crease, enlargement, growth. — The 
act of promoting growth. 

avog, a, ov (adj. from avo), to dry up). 
Dry, arid, thirsty, parched. 

uvTTvog, ov (adj. from a, not, and viz- 
vog, sleep). Sleepless, unvisded 



ATT 

by sleep, never closing in sleep 
(said of the eye), wakeful, watch- 
ful. 

avpd, ac, tj (from avu, to blow). A 
breeze, the breeze of morning, a 
gentle current of air. 

avplov (adv.). To-morrow, on the 
morrow. 

Avaovec, uv, ol. The Ausones, an 
ancient nation of Italy. 

avornpoe, a, ov (adj. from .ava, to 
dry up). Severe, harsh, austere, 
morose, sour, &c. 

avrdp (conj., iEolic for arap). But, 
also, besides, furthermore, for, 
hereupon, meanwhile. 

avTapurjC, eg (adj. from avrog, self, 
and apnea), to suffice). Satisfied, 
contented, hazing sufficient. — Suf- 
ficient, equal or competent to a 
thing. 

aire (adv. from av and re). Back 
again, again. — Thereupon, here- 
upon. — In turn. — On the other 
hand, on the contrary. — Moreover, 
farther, &c. 

ai)TiKd (adv. from avroc, the same,. 
as though at the same instant). 
Immediately, instantly, straight- 
icay. 

avrtc, Ionic and Doric for av&ig. 
Again. 

avro-&i (poetic for avrov, adv. from 
avrog). There, in that very spot. 

AvroXvnoe, ov, 6. Autolycus. 1. 
A son of Mercury and Chione, and 
famed for his craft in stealing. He 
was one of the Argonauts, and the 
instructer of Hercules in wrestling. 
— 2. The name of an athlete at 
Athens, in the time of the thirty 
tyrants. 

avrofiaroc, ov (adj. from avroc, self, 
and the old verb fidu, to desire). 
Of one's own accord, of one's own 
free will, spontaneous, voluntary. 

Avroueduv, ovrog, 6. Automedon, 
the charioteer of Achilles, and, 
after his death, of Pyrrhus. He 
went to the Trojan war with ten 
ships. 

avrouoXeu, £>, fut. -7jgu, perf. nvro- 
fiofyna (from avrouolog). To ran 
away, to desert. 

avropoTiog, ov, 6 (from avrbg, self, 

N N 



A$A 
and poXeu, to go). A deserter, 
one who goes away to the enemy 
of his own accord. 

Avrovon, vg, ij. Autonoe, daughter 
of Cadmus and mother of Actaeon. 

avrovofiog, ov (adj. from avrog, self, 
and vdfiog, a law). Independent, 
controlled by laws of one's own 
making, said of states and com- 
munities. — Pasturing in freedom, 
feeding at large, said of animals. 

avrog, rj, 6 (pron.). Self, he himself, 
she herself, itself. — In the oblique 
cases it signifies him, her, it. — In 
the nominative with a verb, or in 
the oblique cases before or after 
the article, and with a noun, it 
denotes self, for the three per- 
sons, as above given. — 6 avrog, 
the same. — r avrov for to avro, 
the same thing. — ravra for rd au- 
ra, the same things. 

avrov, contracted for eavrov. 

avrov (adv., properly gen. sing, of 
avrog, and the same as en' avrov 
rov tottov). On the same place, 
on the very spot. More common- 
ly, here, there. 

avrowv^g, eg (adj. from avrog, and 
(pvu, to produce). Produced by 
nature alone, without art. — Native, 
indigenoiis, natural, real, genuine. 
— rpocpal avroovelg, means of sub- 
sistence that are produced sponta- 
neously ; spontaneous nurture. 

avrox&uv, ov (adj. from avrog, and 
X&uv, the earth). Sprung from 
the earth, born in the la?id, native, 
indigenous. 

avrog and avrog (adv.). Thus, so. 

avxv v > evog, 6. The neck. 

Avxioai, uv, ol. The AucMsce, an 
African tribe, which inhabited the 
western part of Africa. 

avxpvpog, a, ov (adj. from avxp-og). 
Dry, squalid, neglected, ill-looking, 
dirty, poor of aspect, rude, rough, 
&c. 

avxp-6g, ov, 6 (from avco, to dry up). 
Dryness, aridity, drought. — 
Squalidness, &c. 

aiju, fut. avau, perf. nvna. To dry 
up, to parch. 

cKpacpeu, o), fut. acbatp^ao, &c. (from 
otto, from, and alpiu, to take). 
421 



To take away, to remove, to de- 
prive, to separate, to cut off, to 
rob, to abrogate, &c. — In the pas- 
sive, dtyaipiofiat, fut. d^aiprjaofiat, 
perf. a(j)rip7]fj,at, &c. 

afidTiTiopiai, fut. a<pa?.ov{iai, perf. 
pass. dfrjlfiat, 2d aor. mid. aQrj- 
16[ir)v, 2d aor. part, syncopated, 
in Homer, into diraAuevoc. To 
leap from, to leap from place to 
place. 

a<pa/j.apT^u, co, and cKpa/xaprdvco, fut. 
atyafiapTrjou, &c. (from and, from, 
and dfiaprdvo, to wander, to err). 
To miss a mark, to miss, to lose, 
to be deprived of. 

a<j>avric, £q (adj. from a, not, and §ai- 
vofiai, to appear). Unseen, not 
visible, unknovm, obscure, &c. — 
£f dtyavovc, unobserved, unseen. 

atyavi^u, fut. atyavZocj, perf. 7]§dvlna 
(from d<pavf}e, invisible). To ren- 
der invisible, to remove from the 
view, to conceal, to destroy, to an- 
nihilate. — In the middle, dyavifr- 
fiai, to disappear, to vanish. 

&<f>avToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
(palvojxaL, to appear). Not visible, 
unseen. 

a$apra(,G), fut. dcpapirdau, &c. (from 
and, from, and dpixdC.cd, to seize). 
To seize or snatch from, to take 
from, to rob, to plunder. 

d<j>avp6c, d, 6v (adj. from octavo, to 
dry up). Weak, feeble, power- 
less. 

&<}>Eid£)c (adv. from dtyeiSyc, prodigal). 
Unsparingly, profusely, lavishly. 
— Rigorously, severely, cruelly. 

a<j>iA£id, ac, y (from atyelrjc, simple, 
clear). Sincerity, candour, free- 
dom from art or affectation, sim- 
plicity, purity, brightness. 

a<j>£Auc (adv. from dtyzkyc, simple). 
Brightly, purely. 

d(j)?j, ye, y (from avrrw, to touch). 
Touch, the sense of touch, feeling. 

a(j>-&oyyoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
tyftbyyoc, sound). Without sound, 
dumb, mute, silent. 

amoved, ac, y (from atydovog). 
Abundance, opulence. 

dtyftovog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
tyddvoe, envy). Abundant, opu- 
lent. 
422 



A$P 

dfiyfii, fut. dtyijao, perf. a^etna, &e. 
(from air 6, from, and "tyfit, to send). 
To send away, to let go, to dis- 
miss, to allow to escape, to fling 
away, to neglect, to abandon, to 
omit, &c. — 1st aor. dfyna, 2d aor. 
d<byv, &.c. 

dtymdvu, poetic form for d<j>tKveo/j,at. 

dcpLKviofxat, fut. dcpi^opiat, perf. dtply- 
fiat, 2d aor. mid. d^'tKOfxyv (from 
otto, from, and lnviofiai, to come). 
To come from. — To come to, to 
reach. 

d(j)i.TTTdfj.ai, fut. aTroTrTyoofiai, 1st aor. 
mid. drreTTTafzyv, part. diroKrdfzev- 
oc, 2d aor. act. d-Kkitryv, from 
d^LTtTyfiL, which is not, however, 
in use in the present active, &c. 
(from air 6, from, away, and Ittt&- 
fiai, to fly). To fly away, to es- 
cape. 

dtyioTyjii, fut. aTTOOTyau, perf. dtyeo- 
ryua (from dwo, from, and loryfii, 
to place). To put away from, to 
put aside, to remove, to repel. — In 
the middle voice, d^ioTdfiat, to 
withdraw one's self from a party 
or opinion, to give up or resign 
(as an office), to withdraw, to re- 
tire, &c. 

dtyAaorov, ov, to. The bent part of 
the poop of a vessel, together with 
the ornaments with which it was 
generally decorated. — rd dtyAacra, 
the stern ornaments of a vessel. 

d<pveidc, ov (adj. from d<j>evoc, wealth). 
Rich, opulent. 

d(j>vo) (adv.). Suddenly. 

d<j>opdo, £), fut. d<j)opd<70), more com- 
monly dirotyofiai, &c. (from and, 
from, and opdu, to see). To see 
in the distance or from afar. — To 
look down, lo look from. 

d(f>opId, ac, y (from d(j>opoc, unfruit- 
ful). Unfruitfulness, unproduc- 
tiveness. 

dtyopifa, fut. dipopTao, &c. (from and, 
from, and opinio, to limit, to bound). 
To separate by marking limits, to 
separate, to divide, to bound, to 
limit, to circumscribe. 

'Acppodlry, yc, t/. Aphrodite, or, as 
she is commonly called by her 
Latin name, Venus, the goddess 
of love and beauty, said to have 



AXE 

sprung from the foam (a<ppog) of 
the sea. She was the wife of 
Vulcan and mother of Cupid. 

ddpovrig, tdoc (adj. from a, not, and 
(ppovric, care). Free from care, 
exempt from disquietude. 

a<Ppoc, ov, 6. Foam. 

a<ppoovvT],7]g,7} (from d(j>puv, foolish). 
Want of sense or reason, folly. 

a<ppov, ov (adj.). Foolish, &c. 

a(jri>7)c, ec (adj. from a, not, and (pvij, 
natural talent). Unskilful. 

a<pv?MKToc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
(pvXuaacj, to watch). Not watched, 
unguarded, not on his guard. 

'Axaia, ac, tj. Achaia, a country of 
the Peloponnesus, lying along the 
Sinus Corinthiacus. 

'Ax<uoi, uv, ol. The Achaans, or 
people of Achaia. — In Homer, 
however, a name applied to the 
Greeks in general, though espe- 
cially denoting the old Achaean 
stem. 

axapLOTla, ac, rj (from axaptaroc). 
Ingratitude, unthankf illness. 

dxapcGvoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Xapi&fj.ai, to thank). Ungrateful, 
thankless. 

'Axapvai, uv, at. Acharna, one of 
the most important boroughs of 
Attica, situate about seven miles 
to the northwest of Athens. 

'A^eAwibf, ov, 6. Achelous, 1. a 
river of Epirus, rising in Mount 
Pindus, and, after dividing -iEtolia 
from Acamania, falling into the 
Sinus Corinthiacus. It is now 
the Aspro Potamo. — 2. A river 
of Phrygia, rising in Mount Sipy- 
lus. 

'AxepovG-Loc, a, ov (adj.). Acheru- 
sian. 

'Axzpuv, ovroc, 6 (from axoc, sor- 
row, and peu, to flow, as if deno- 
ting "the river of sorrow" 1). 
Acheron, a river of Epirus, rising 
in the mountains west of Pindus, 
and falling into the Ionian sea. 
In the early part of its course it 
forms the Acherusia Palus, after 
which it disappears under ground, 
rises at some distance again, 
and then pursues its course to the 
sea. From its peculiar nature it 



BAA 

is placed by Homer in the lower 
world. 

ax'&ofj.at, fut. dx'&io-o/j.ai and dx- 
dr/ao/iai, perf. r}x$W aL i 1 st aor - 
pass. v,x~&eo-&riv (from dx&oe, a 
burden). To be heavily laden with 
sorrow, to sorrow, to grieve. — To 
be disgusted, to be displeased. 

'A^iZetif, yog, 6, and 

'A^-tAAet'c, ecjc, 6. Achilles, son of 
Peleus and Thetis, and the bravest 
of the Greeks in the Trojan war. 
He killed Hector in single combat, 
and was himself afterward slain 
with an arrow by Paris. 

dx^.vq, voc, tj. Gloom, darkness, 
thick darkness. 

dxvvjiL, not in use, but from it we 
have the deponent middle dxvv/Ltai, 
fut. dxvvGOfiat, perf. f/xwcr/Liai, 
(from dxvvc, same as dxoc). To 
grieve, to be sad, to be afflicted, to 
be distressed. — To be filed with 
indignant grief, to be angry. 

dxoc, eoc, to. Grief, pain. 

dxpdc, ddoc, tj. A wild pear-tree. 

dxprjarog, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
Xpnardc, useful). Useless, un- 
profitable, valueless. 

dxpt, and, before a vowel, dxptc 
(adv.). Up to, even to, as far as. 
— dxptc ov, until. — dxpt vvv, un- 
til now. 

dxo>, Doric for t^cj. 

dip (adv.). Back, backward. 

dipiuaxia, ac, i] (from dipifiaxeo), to 
skirmish). A skirmish, a collision. 

dipo(p7]Ti (adv. from dip6<pn~oc, noise- 
less). Without tumult, noiseless- 
ly, silently. 

"AipvpToc, ov, 6. Absyrtus, a son of 
iEetes, and brother of Medea. 

dipvxoc, ov (adj. from a, not, and 
ipvxv^ life). Without life, lifeless, 
inanimate, senseless. 

due, ooc, contracted ovq , d, Doric for 
i]d)c, if}. Dawn. 

B. 

Ba6v?,6v, uvoc, rj. Babylon, capital 
of the Babylonian empire, situated 
on the river Euphrates. 

Ba6v?.uvLoc, d, ov (adj.)- Babylo- 
nian. 

3atii&, fut. j3a5tcro), Attic fut. ftaditi, 
423 



BAA 

perf. (3e6adTica (from ftddog, a step). 
To go, to move along, to journey, 
to travel. 

[la&og, eoc, to (from (3u-&vg, deep). 
Depth. 

(3a-&VKo2,Tcog, ov (adj. from ftafivg, 
deep, and kSXttoc , a bosom). Deep- 
bosomed. 

Bd'dvWog, ov, 6. Bathyllus, a youth 
of Samos, a favourite of Anacre- 
on's. 

fia&vg, eZa, v (adj.)- Deep, dense. — 
fia-&vv KoifiCw&aL, to sleep deeply 
or soundly. 

fta'ivu, fut. p-yeo/iai, perf. fteOvna, 
2d aor. e6rjv. To go. 

(iaibg, a, ov (adj.). Small. 

BatTiKij, rjg, i]. Bcetzca, the southern 
division of Spain, so called from 
the river Bsetis, which flowed 
through it. It corresponds to the 
modern Andalusia. 

Balric, log, 6. The Bcetis, a river of 
Spain, now the Guadalquivir. 

(iaKTTjpta, ac, r) (from the old verb 
(3a&, fut. /3u£w, same as j3alvo), 
to go, to walk). A staff. 

BaKrpiavoc, rj, ov (adj.). Bactrian. 

BaKTpidvfi, r)g, r) (properly the femi- 
nine of Banrpiuvog, with x^P a 
understood). Bactriana, a coun- 
try of Upper Asia, now forming 
part of Cabulistan. 

Baicrpioc, a, ov (adj.). Bactrian. 

ftdnrpov, ov, to (from the old verb 
(3d£to, fut. (3d%o), same as (Salvu, to 
go). A staff. 

(3aKX£vu, fut. fiaKxwGu, perf. (3e6un- 
X£VKa (from Bu/c^of). To be in- 
spired by Bacchus, to rave, to cele- 
brate the orgies of Bacchus. 

Bdnxv, V c i V (from BaKxog). A fe- 
male Bacchanalian, a Bacchante. 

Ba/cxog, ov, 6. Bacchus, son of Ju- 
piter and Semele, was the god of 
wine. He married Ariadne, after 
she had been abandoned by The- 
seus in the isle of Naxos. 

fiakavelov, ov, to. A bath. 

BaXkTupeic, (Jv, oi. Baledres, the 
ancient name of the islands Ma- 
jorca and Minorca. The word is 
derived from fidWz.iv, to throw, 
from the expertness of the inhab- 
itants in the use of the sling. 
424 



BAP 

fidXkvi, fut. f3a?M, perf. (3e6XnKa, 
2d aor. Ibakov. To throw, to cast, 
to strike, to beat down, to lay down. 
— In the middle voice, to lay for 
one's self. 

fidirTu, fut. fidipcd, perf. j3e6a<j)a, 2d 
aor. £Gu(j)ov. To dip, to plunge, 
to immerse. — Hence, to dye. 

fiupa-d-pov, ov, to. A gulf, an 
abyss, a deep cavern. — Also, the 
name of a deep pit at Athens, into 
which those convicted of capital 
crimes were thrown and left to 
perish. 

fiapftaplnoe, 7), ov (adj. from j3dp- 
6apoc). Foreign, barbarous, bar- 
barian. 

ftdp6apoc, ov (adj.). One who is not 
a Greek, foreign — Hence, as re- 
moved from the refinement of 
Greece, uncultivated, rude, unpol- 
ished, barbarous, barbarian. — As a 
noun, Bdpfiapog, ov, 6, a foreign- 
er, a barbarian, applied particu- 
larly to the Persians. 

(3dp6iTog, ov, 6 and i], and (3dp6iTov, 
ov, to. A lyre. 

(3dp£o, C), fut. fidprjou, perf. /3e6dpn- 
Ka, perf. part. (3e6apnuc, syncopa- 
ted for /3e6dp7jKug (from fidpoc, a 
heavy burden). To burden, to load 
heavily, to weigh down. — Hence, 
to oppress, to afflict. 

j3ap£oc (adv. from (idpvg, heavy). 
Heavily, grievously, hardly, op- 
pressively, impatiently. 

Bdpnag, a, 6. Barcas, the founder 
of a celebrated Carthaginian fam- 
ily, to which Hamilcar and Hanni- 
bal belonged. 

(3apog, eog, to. A weight, a load, 
a burden. — Hence, affliction, dis- 
tress. 

(jupvvD, fut. f3apvv£j, perf. /3e6upvy- 
na (from (3dpvg). To load heavily, 
to burden, to press down under a 
load, to incommode. — Hence, to 
weigh down with grief, to afflict, 
to distress. 

/3upvg, eZa, v (adj. from ftdpog, a 
weight). Heavy, weighty, burden- 
some, grievous. 

ftdpvTng, nrog, 7] (from (Sdpvg). 
Weight, heaviness, distress, diffi- 
culty, affliction. 



BA2 

Bdodvifa, fut. Bdodviau, Attic fut. 
Baadvlu, perf. BeSdadvlna (from 
Bdadvog). To apply to a touch- 
stone to ascertain the quality of 
anything. — Hence, to test, to ex- 
amine carefully, to put to the test, 
to torture. 
Bdadvog, ov, rj. A touchstone to try 
the quality of metals. — Hence, a 
test, a trial, an inquiry, an exam- 
ination. 

BdaXkeid, ag, i] (with long' final a, 
from BaatXtvu, to reign ; whereas 
BaaiXetd, with short final a, comes 
from BaacAevg, and signifies a 
queen). The sovereign power, 
royalty, a realm, a kingdom. 

fidalAeiov, ov, to, and in the plural 
BaaiAetd, ov, rd. A royal man- 
sion, a palace. In strictness, how- 
ever, a mere adjective, dti/ia, a 
building, being understood with 
BaoiAsiov, and dco/uarci, in the plu- 
ral, with ftaoiAeia. 

BdalAeiog, ov (adj. from BaaiAevg). 
Pertaining to a king, kingly, roy- 
al, regal. 

BaaiAevg, eug, 6. A king, a mon- 
arch. When BaaiAevg stands 
without a case depending on it, in 
Greek writers, the king of Persia 
is meant. 

BdaiAevu, fut. BaaiAevao, perf. Be- 
SaaiAevna (from BaaiAevg). To 
have the power of a king, to rule 
over, to reign over, to be a king, to 
govern. 

BdalAiKog, rj, ov (adj. from BaaiAevg, 
a king). Kingly, regal, royal. 

Bdaig, eug, rj (from Batvo, to go). 
A going forward, a step, progress. 
— Also that on which one goes or 
stands, afoot, a base, a pedestal. 

BaaKaivu, fut. Baaadvu, perf. Be6da- 
nayna (from Bucko, to speak). 
To bind with a spell, to bewitch, 
to injure by the evil eye. 

Baandvid, ag, i] (from Bdatcdvog). 
The act of binding with a spell. — 
Envy, detraction, calumny. 

Bdatcdvog, ov (adj. from Baa/calvo). 
Injuring by magic spells, or by the 
evil eye. — Hence, from the feeling 
that induces such acts, envious, 
slanderous, calumnious. 
N n2 



BIA 

Baard^o, fut. Baardaio, perf. Betda- 
Tdna. To lift up, to carry, to 
bear away, to hold, to support. 

Bdtyfi, ?jg, i] (from Butttu, to dye). 
An immersion into colouring mat- 
ter. — Colouring liquid, dyestuff, 
colouring. 

BddAAo, fut. BddAu, perf. eSdaAna. 
To draw off by suction, to milk. 

BSeA/iVTTo, fut. BdeAAvl-o, perf. e6- 
6eAAi>xa. To excite disgust. — In 
the middle voice, to have disgust 
excited in one's self, to feel dis- 
gust, to loathe, to abhor, to detest. 

Be6atog, a, ov, and og, ov (adj.). Se- 
cure, firm, steady, permanent, to 
be relied on. 

Bedawo), ti, fut. Be6ai6ao), perf. Be- 
6e6aioica (from Be6atog). To ren- 
der secure, to make firm, to assure, 
to strengthen, to confirm. 

Be6aiug(&dv. from BeSaiog). Firmly, 
securely, permanently. 

Beiojiat, poetic for Beo/uac. 

BeAe/uvov, ov, to, poetic for BeAog. 
An arrow, a dart. 

BeAepiov, ov, to. Bolerium, a prom- 
ontory of Britain, now the Land's 
End in Cornwall. 

BeAog, eog, to (from BaAAu, to cast). 
Any missile cast at a distant ob- 
ject. — An arrow, a dart, a javelin. 

BeTirluv, ov (adj., irreg. comp. to dy- 
dd-og). Better, braver, more vir- 
tuous, preferable. — Superl. BeA- 
TiGTog, n, ov, best, &c. 

Beo/iiac (an old epic present from 
Bdo), Beiu, Baivu, to go, generally, 
though not always, with a future 
signification). To go on in life, 
to continue to live, to live. 

Bepe&pov, ov, to, Ionic for Bdpaft- 
pov. An abyss, &c. 

BijAog, ov, 6. Belus, a king of 
Egypt, son of Epaphus and Libya, 
and father of Agenor. 

Brijid, drog, to (from Batvo, to go). 
A step, a pace, a step to mount 
upon. — Hence, a judgment-seat, 
the public tribunal from which the 
orators spoke. 

Bid, ag, y. Strength, force, power, 
violence, constraint. 

Bid&, fut. Bldoo), perf. BeSidna (from 
Bia). To accomplish by an excr- 
425 



BAE 

tion of strength. — Hence, to force, 
to compel, to use violence in order 
to perform, to drag down by force. 

filawc, a, ov (adj. from (3 la). Vio- 
lent, powerful, oppressive. 

(3i6Xlov, ov, to (dim. of (3i6Xog). A 
small book, a treatise, a tablet, a 
letter. 

(3i6Xoc, ov, 7). A book. — Properly, 
the inner bark of the papyrus, of 
which paper was first made. 

/3i6puoKu, fut. j3po)ao), perf. fiiSpuna, 
2d aor. eSpov. To eat, to devour, 
to consume. 

(Slog, ov, 6. Life, a life, a mode of 
life, the means of supporting life, 
a livelihood. 

(iloc, ov, 6 (note the difference of ac- 
cent from that of j3cog, life). A 
bow. 

(ftou, C), fut. (3cugcj, perf. f3e6iuna, 
2d aor. kdiuv, 2d aor. part. j3covg. 
To live. 

Blov, ovoc, 6. Bion. 1. A native 
of Borysthenes, was sold as a slave. 
His master left him large posses- 
sions, upon which he went to 
Athens and studied philosophy. — 
2. Bion, a Greek poet, born near 
Smyrna, for an account of whom 
see page 12. 

fild6n, ng, r). Injury, wrong, harm. 

fthuTTTG), fut. (32,dipu, perf. (3e6Xa(j>a, 
2d aor. e67id6ov. To obstruct one 
in his course. — Hence, to injure, 
to harm, to wrong. 

PXaoTavo) and (31aoTeo), fi, fut. fiXao- 
tt)go>, perf. (SeSldarnKa, 2d aor. 
Ifkaarov. To bud, to sprout, to 
shoot forth, to grow, to come 
forth. 

fihaotynuEG), w,fut. ft\ao$r)fi7]Ga), perf. 
f5e6XaG§rjiir)Ka (from (3?MG(j>7/uog, 
defaming). To injure one by 
speaking against him,, to slander, 
to calumniate, to blaspheme. 

Phe/btfia, aToc, to (from (31etto). An 
object of sight, an aspect, a look. 
— A glance. 

PHtcu, fut. j3\eipo, perf. (3e6?.e<pa. 
To see, to behold, to look at, to look 
towards. — f3?.£Tca) npoc, to face, to 
be turned in the direction of. 

filetydpov, ov, to (from /?Ae7r«). An 
eyelid. 
426 



BOP 

filrjxao^aL, w//ai, fut. ftXnxwo/uat, 
perf. fiefjlrixyp-aL (from (3Xnxv, a, 
bleating). To bleat. 

/3odu, C), fut. (jotjgu, perf. j3e6o7]na 
(from l3or/, a loud cry). To cry 
aloud, to shout, to call out, to call 
upon for aid, to roar, to chirp, to 
cackle. 

j36eoc, a, ov (adj. from fiove, an ox). 
Made of ox's hide, of oxhide, 

(3orj, i)c, 7). A loud cry, a shout, a 
cry for help, clamour, noise, a cry, 
a sound. 

(3or'/&£id, ac, t) (from fiondiu). As- 
sistance, succour, support. 

(3ot]d-i(j), 6>, fut. j3or]-&r/Gu, perf. j3e- 
6o7]-&riKa (from fior), a cry for help, 
and -&eu, to run ?). To run to re- 
lieve upon hearing aery for aid. — 
Hence, to bring assistance, to of- 
fer succour, to aid, to help. 

j3 or/tin fid, utoc, to (from fior}#Eu). 
Assistance, succour, a source of 
aid, a remedy. 

j3oTf&6c, ov (adj . from t 8on&eG>). Aid- 
ing, assisting. — As a noun, f3orj- 
■&6c, ov, 6, a helper, an assistant. 

fiodpoc, ov, 6 (from the same root 
with fiativg, deep). A deep pit, a 
ditch, a hole, an excavation. 

Boccordpxnc, ov, 6 (from Boiuroi, the 
Boeotians, and upx u i to rule). A 
Bceolarch, a chief magistrate of the 
Boeotian confederacy. 

BoiuT-fje, ov, 6. A Boeotian. 

BotcoTld, ag, tj. Bceotia, a country 

i of Greece Proper, lying to the 
northwest of Attica. 

Boiotic, idoc, t) (fern. adj. from Boi- 
utoc, a Boeotian). Boeotian. — As 
a noun, with yvvfj understood, a 
Boeotian woman. 

/3o%r), r)g, if] (from /3aAAw, to throw). 
A throw, a cast, a hit, a blow. 

(3opd, dg, r) (from /3i6pw<r/cw, to eat, 
2d aor. e6puv). Food, fodder, 
provisions. 

ftopdrov, ov, to. The savin, a spe- 
cies of juniper. 

Bopidg, ov, and Att. Bopp"dg, a, 6. 
Boreas, the name of the north 
wind. He was the son of Astrae- 
us and Aurora. — Also, the north 
wind, the north. 

fiopeiog, d, ov, and og, ov (adj. 



BOX 
from ftopeac). Of the north, 
northern. 

Bopva&Evnc, eoc, contracted ovc, 6. 
The Borysthenes, a large river of 
Scythia, falling into the Euxine 
Sea. It is now called the Dnieper. 

(36<jK7){j,a, utoc, to (from 86gko), to 
feed). A herd. 

Soauopov, ov, to. Bosmorum, an 
unknown Indian plant. Consult 
note, page 103, line 27. 

BooTropoc, ov, 6 (from 8ovc, an ox, 
and iropoc, a passage). Bosporus, 
a long and narrow sea which an 
ox may swim over. The name 
was applied to two straits : the 
Thracian, connecting the Propon- 
tis with the Euxine, now the 
Straits of Constantinople ; and 
the Cimmerian, connecting the 
Palus Mteotis with the Euxine, 
now the Straits of Jenicali. 

BouTpvxoc, ov, 6. A lock of hair, a 
tress. 

SoTpvg, voe, 6. The grape, a clus- 
ter of grapes, a bunch of grapes. 

8ov6poGTic, eug, 7] (from 8ov, an in- 
separable particle denoting great 
size, excess, &c, and 3t&pooKo, to 
devour). Excessive hunger, vo- 
racious appetite. 

BovkoIeu, €), fut. (3ovko1?jgo, perf. 
(3e6ovKo?L7]Ka (from Bovnohog). To 
pasture oxen, to tend a herd of 
cattle, to be a herdsman. 

[3ovk6aoc, ov, 6 (from Bovg, an ox or 
cow, and ko)mv, food). A herds- 
man, a grazier. 

fiovlevua, aroc, to (from BovXsvu). 
The result of deliberation, a re- 
solve, counsel. 

BovIevu, fut. BovXevgu, perf. BeSov- 
"kevKa (from (3ov?„rj, counsel, will). 
To counsel, to advise, to deliber- 
ate, to plan. — In the middle voice, 
to deliberate with owe's self. — 
Hence, as the result, to come to a 
determination, to resolve. 

BovXr), t}c, t). Will, counsel, inten- 
tion, purpose, resolution. 

8ov?ir/crcc, euc, r) (from 3ov2.op.ai, to 
wish). Wish, desire, will, inten- 
tion. 

0ovlr/<j)6poc, ov (adj. from Bovlf), 
counsel, and <j>epu, to bring, to of- 



BPE 

fer). Giving counsel, presiding 
in council. 

Bovlouai, fut. Bov"kr)oouai, perf. Be- 
SovXrjuai (from BovA,?}, will). To 
will, to wish, to desire, to resolve, 
to prefer. 

(3ovc, Boog, 6. An ox, a bull. — r) 
Bovg, a cow. — Also, cattle gen- 
erally. 

Bovclpig, idoc, 6. Busiris, a king 
of Egypt, son of Neptune and 
Libya, who sacrificed all foreign- 
ers that came to his dominions to 
Jupiter. He was slain, together 
with his son, by Hercules. 

Bovttjc, ov, 6. Butes, a Persian gen- 
eral. See note, p. 131, 1. 21-28. 

Qpadeuc (adv. from Bpadvg, slow). 
Slowly, heavily. 

Bpadvvto, fut. 8paSvv£>, perf. BeSpd- 
dvyna (from ftpadvg). To render 
sloic, to retard. — As a neuter, to 
delay, to wait, to be tardy. 

Bpddvg, eta, v (adj.). Slow, tardy, 
heavy, dull, late, stupid. 

Bpdoldag, ov and a, 6. Brasidas, a 
famous general of Lacedasmon, 
slain in the defence of Amphipolis 
against the Athenians. 

Bpdxeti (adv., properly accus. pi. neut. 
of [3paxvc, short). Shortly, little, 
briefly, not far. 

j3paxea, ov, to. (neut. plur. of Bpax' 
vg, used as a noun). Shoals, quick- 
sands, shallows. 

tfpaxlov, ovoc, 6. The arm. 

Bpdxog, eoc, to (from Bpaxvg). A 
shoal, a quicksand. — Used most 
commonly in the plural, to. Bpdxia, 
shoals, &c. 

Bpaxvg, ela, v (adj.). Short, small, 
little, brief, scanty. — Bpaxv, ace. 
sing, neut., used adverbially, brief- 
ly, shortly, not far. — ev BpaxEl, in 
a short space of time. 

Speyua, aTog to. A scull. 

BpeTTavld, ae, r). Britain. 

BpeTTavinr}, fjc, r) (with vrjcog, an 
island, understood). The Isle of 
Britain, Britain. 

BpeTTavtiioc, r), ov (adj.). British. 

BpETTtivoc, ov, 6. A Briton, an in- 
habitant of Britain. 

8pE(poc, eoc., to. An infant, a young 
child, a child. 

427 



BTP 

8pex<J, fut. /?p<?fo>, perf. (3e6pexa, 
perf. mid. j3e6poxa, 2d aor. eSpd- 
Xov. To wet, to moisten, to bedew, 
to shower upon, to soften. 
Bpldpog, a, ov (adj. from Qptdu, to 
strengthen). Strong, powerful, vi- 
olent. 
BpopXog, ov, 6 (from Bpopog, noise; 
alluding to the noisy revels of the 
Bacchantes). Bromius, a sur- 
name of Bacchus. 
fipopZoc, a, ov (adj. from Bpdpog, 
noise). That makes a loud noise, 
noisy, riotous, bacchanalian. 
Bpovrdu, C>, fut. Bpovrrjacj, perf. Be- 
tjpovTTjKa (from Bpovri), thunder). 
To thunder. 
Bpovri), fjg, ij. Thunder. As opposed 
to nepavvog, it denotes the noise 
of the thunder, in Latin tonitru ; 
whereas nepavvog means the thun- 
derbolt (i. e., lightning), in Latin 
fulmen. 
Bporoeig, scoa, ev (adj. from Bporog, 
gore). Covered with gore, sprink- 
led with blood, bloody. 
Bporog, ov, 6. A mortal, a human 

being, a man. 
Bpoxog, ov, 6. A cord with a noose. 

— A cord, a rope. 
Bpvxdopat, u/uat, fut. Bpi>xWopac, 
perf. Bebpvxnpai (from j3pi>xo), to 
roar loudly). To roar, to bellow, 
to low, to howl. 
(3pvxv&/ J -6g, ov, 6 (from Bpvxo, to 
roar loudly). A roaring, a bel- 
lowing, a howling. 
Bpvu, fut. Bpvao, perf. Be6pvKa. To 
bubble up. — To spring up, to bud 
forth, to sprout up, to put forth 
buds, to be in full bloom. 
Bv&vtTov, ov, to. Byzantium, a 
town situate on the Thracian Bos- 
porus. It is now Constantino- 
ple. 
Bv&vriog, ov, 6. An inhabitant of 

Byzantium, a Byzantine. 
Bvdlog, a, ov (adj. from Bv-&6g). 
Lying in the depths of the sea. — 
Hence, deep in the sea, submerged, 
deep. 
BvdSg, ov, 6 (iEolic for fid-frog). 

Depth, the deep, the sea. 
Biped, tjc, 7]. A hide, a skin. 
Bvpaa, rjg, i) (from the Punic word 
428 



TAM 

Basra, a citadel, by a transposi- 
tion of sr). Byrsa, a citadel in 
Carthage, on which was the tem- 
ple of ^Esculapius. 

Bcoxokog, o), Doric for Bovnokog, ov, 
6. A herdsman. 

Btikog, ov, rj. A clod of earth, a lump, 
a mass. 

Bupog, ov, 6 (from Batvcj, old form 
Bdco, to go). A step, an elevation, 
an altar. 

Buarpeu, d>, fut. BcoaTpijao), perf. 
(kduo-TprjKa (formed from Bodo), 
to call out). To call aloud for, to 
make proclamation for. 

B6rag, a, Doric for Bovrng, ov, 6. A 
herdsman, a keeper of herds. 



yd, Doric for yr). 

Tdyyng, ov, 6. The Ganges, a fa- 
mous river of India. 
yala, ag, i) (poet, for yfj). The earth, 
ydkd, aicrog, to. Milk, 
ydka^iag, ov, 6 (from yaka, with 

kvkKoc, understood). The milky 

way, the galaxy. 
Tdkdrai, 6>v, ol. 1. The Galatians, 

inhabitants of Galatia. — 2. The 
Gauls, the inhabitants of ancient 

Gaul. 
Tdkdrid, ag, i). Galatia, a country 

of Asia Minor, lying west of Pon- 

tus and northeast of Phrygia. — 2. 

The name of ancient Gaul among 

the Greeks. 
Ta^dri/cog, ri, ov (adj.). Gallic. 
yukr)v7i, nc, r). A calm at sea, a 

calm. 
Takrjvr), vg, i). Galene, one of the 

Nereids. 
Takkid, ag, i). Gaul, an extensive 

country of Europe, comprising 

considerably more than modern 

France. 
TakkiKog, 7], ov (adj.). Gallic, 
ydkocog, <o, and Attic ydkcog, <o, i). 

A sister-in-law. 
ydjueu, ti, fut. ydpijao), yauiao, and 

Attic yd/uti, 1st aor. eydprjcra and 

eynpa, perf. yeydpnica. To take 

to wife, to marry (said of the man). 

— In the middle voice, yap.top.ai, 

ovpai, to marry, to be given in 

marriage (said of the female). 



TEA 

ydfirjhiog, ov (adj. from yajieu). Of 
or belonging to marriage, nuptial. 

ydfiog, ov, 6 (from yd/new, to marry). 
The marriage ceremony, marriage, 
nuptials. 

Tdvv/Lir/dng, soc, contr. ovc, 6. Gany- 
medes, a beautiful youth, son of 
Tros, king of Troy. He was car- 
ried up to heaven by the eagle of 
Jove, and made cup-bearer of the 
gods in the place of Hebe. 

yap (conj.). For. It is never used 
at the beginning of a sentence ;*is 
employed sometimes in interroga- 
tions with the force of then ; as, 
rig ydp ; who then ? 

yaaTTJp, ripog, contr. rpog, rj. The 
belly, the stomach. — Hence, appe- 
tite, greediness. 

yaorplpiapyog, ov, 6 (from yaar?}p and 
(i&pyoc, gluttonous). A greedy 
eater, a glutton, a gormandizer. 

yavloc, ov, 6. A milk-pail, a bucket. 

yavpoco, £>, fut. yavptoou, perf. ye- 
yavpcjKa (from yavpoc, proud). 
To render proud, to make proud. — 
In the middle voice, to render one's 
self proud, to be elated. 

ye (an enclitic particle, of a limiting 
or distinctive force). Indeed, at 
least, in particular, yet. — eycoye, I 
for my part; ovye, thou for thy 
part, &c. 

Tedpuoid, ae, f/. Gedrosia, a barren 
province of Persia, lying along the 
Red Sea. It is now called Mekran. 

yeivofiat (a poet, form from the old 
verb yevo, to beget), used only in 
the pres., imperf, and 1st aor. To 
beget, to bring forth, to bear, to be 
born. — 1st aor., eyeLvd/inv, always 
transitive. 

yeirvlaoLC, eve, i] (from yecrvtd^co). 
Neighbourhood, vicinity, proxim- 
ity. 

yeirvuifa and yeirvidu, u, fut. yttr- 
vtdao), perf. yeyenvidna (from yei- 
rov). To be neighbouring, to be 
near, to border upon, to adjoin. 

yeiruv, ov (adj. from yea, yfj, land). 
Neighbouring, contiguous. — As a 
noun, 6 yeiruv, a neighbour. 

yekdu, cj, fat. yeldau, perf. yeyiXd- 
Ka. To laugh, to smile. — To laugh 
at, to dxride, to ridicule. 



TEP 

ye?.otoc, a, ov (adj. from y eA.au. 
Laughable, ridiculous. 

yeAuc, uroc, 6 (from ye/.du). Laugh- 
ter, a laugh, a smile. 

ye/j.o), fut. yeu€>, perf. yeye/unna, perf. 
mid. yiyo/xa. To be filed, to be 
loaded, to be full, to be loaded with. 

yeved, dg, 77 (from yevog, a race). 
Generation, birth, a family, a race. 

yevecd^u, fut. yevetuau, perf. yeyev- 
eidtca and yeveidu, «, fut. yevei- 
7/crw, perf. yeyeveiyna (from ye- 
veiov). To have a beard, to be 
bearded, to attain the age of man- 
hood. 

yeveidg, adoc, rj (from yeveiov, the 
chin). The chin, the hair on the 
chin, the beard. 

yevetrjTnc, ov, 6 (from yeveidu). 
Bearded. 

yeveiov, ov, to. The chin, the beard. 

yeveaig, ewe, tj (from the obsolete 
yevu, to beget). Generation, ori- 
gin, creation, birth, formation. 

yeverrj, fie, 77 (from yevog, a race). 
Birth, origin. 

yevvaiog, a, ov (adj. from yevvd, poetic 
for yevog, a race). Of a noble 
race, noble, excellent, generous, 
brave. — Used as a noun in the 
neuter, ysvvaiov, ov, to, that 
which is inborn, noble disposition, 
generous sentiment. 

yevvaiutc (adv. from yevvalog). No- 
bly, generously, bravely, gallantly. 

yevvdu, u, fut. yevvrjou, perf. yeyev- 
vnna (from yevog). To beget, to 
bear, to generate, to bring forth, 
to produce. 

yevog, eog, contr. ovg, to (from the 
old verb yevu, to beget). Birth, a 
race. Uncage, descent, a kind, a 
family, a tribe, a nation, a species. 

yepaiog, ov, 6 (properly an adj. from 
yfjpag, old age, with avrjp under- 
stood). An old man, an elder. 

yepdvog, ov, 6. A crane. 

yepag, drog, sync, dog, contr. ug, to. 
A reward given to merit, as dis- 
tinguished generally from what one 
receives by lot, or by equal distribu- 
tion. — Honour, dignity, rank, es- 
teem, an expression of esteem. 

Yepfzavid, ag, rj. Germany. This 
name was applied by the ancients 
429 



TEA 

not only to Germany, but also to 
Denmark, Sweden, and the neigh- 
bouring countries, comprising about 
one third part of Europe. 

Tep/uavoL, &v, ol. The Germans. 

yep'pov, ov, to. Anything made of 
osier twigs interwoven, wicker- 
work, a wicker shield. 

yepov, ov (adj.). Old, aged, advanced 
in years. — As a noun, yepav, ov- 
roc, 6, an old man; ol yepovreg, 
the old, the aged. 

yevp,d, aroc, to (from yevo/xai). The 
thing tasted, meat, drink. — Also, 
taste, the act of tasting. 

yevo, fut. yevau, perf. yeyevtca. To 
give to taste. — In the middle voice, 
to give to one's self to taste, to 
taste, to partake of, to enjoy. 

yecpvpoco, £), fut. yecpvpucro, perf. ye- 
yetivpona (from yeipvpd, a bridge). 
To make a bridge, to build a bridge 
over, to connect by a bridge, to 
bridge. 

yeoypacpeo), &, fut. yeuypdtyrjou, perf. 
yeyeuypd&rjica (from yea, yfj, the 
earth, and ypd(pu, to describe). To 
write a description of the earth, to 
be a geographer. 

yeudtjc, eg (adj. from yea, yfj, earth, 
and eloog, appearance). Resem- 
bling earth, earthy. — Rich, fertile. 
— In the neuter, as a noun, to ye- 
udeg, earthy matter. 

yeu^oipcd, ac, rj (from yea, yrj, the 
earth, and X6<poc, an elevation). 
A slight elevation of ground, a hill, 
a mound, a hillock, an eminence. 

yeupyeco, £>, fut. yeupyfjau, perf. ye- 
yeupyrjua (from yeopyoc). To 
cultivate land, to subsist by tilling 
land, to be a husbandman. 

yeupyid, ae, rj (from yeopyeu). 
Cultivation of the soil, husbandry. 
— In the plural, at yeupyiac, the 
labours of the husbandman, agri- 
cultural operations. 

yeupylicoc, ij, ov (adj. from yeupyog). 
Pertaining to a husbandman, agri- 
cultural, engaged in agriculture, 
rural, rustic. — As a noun, in the 
neut. plural, to. yeopytud, agricul- 
tural pursuits, branches of agricul- 
ture, matters appertaining to agri- 
culture. 



TAA 

yeupyog, ov, 6 (from yea, yrj, earth, 
and epyov, work). A cultivator of 
the soil, a husbandman, a farmer. 

yeupvxog, ov (adj. from yea, yfj, and 
opvacu, to dig). Digging in the 
earth. 

JVi 7W C > contr. from yea, yeag, rj. 
The earth, the ground, land, soil. 

Tfj, Tr}g, V ( as a proper name). Gaa 
or Terra, the same as Earth, the 
most ancient of all the divinities 
after Chaos. 

yfiyevjjg, eg (adj. from yfj, and yevog, 
a race). Sprung from the earth, 
earth-born, aboriginal. 

yrf&e'o), u, and yrj-du, fut. yrr&ijcu, 
perf. yeyrj-&?]Ka, perf. mid. (with a- 
present signification) yeynd-a (from 
yalo), to rejoice). To rejoice, to 
be glad. 

ytjpaiog, a, ov (adj. from yijpag). 
Old, aged, advanced in years. 

yfjpag, dTog, by syncope dog, contr. 
og, to. Old age, advanced age. 

yrjpdcuc) and ynpdu, u, fut. ynpdau, 
yeyfipdaa (from yfjpag). To grow 
old, to be old. 

Trjpvovng, ov, 6. Geryon, a monster 
having three bodies and three 
heads, who lived in the island of 
Gades, on the coast of Spain. 
He himself was killed, and his 
flocks and herds were carried off, 
by Hercules. 

ytyag, avrog, 6. A giant. — ol Tiyav- 
Teg, the Giants, sons of Coelus and 
Terra. 

yiyvouai (later form ylvofiat), fut. 
yevfjaopai, perf. yeyevvuai, perf. 
mid. yiyova, 2d aor. mid. eyevb- 
p.r]v (from the obsolete yivo, to 
beget). To become, to exist, to be, 
to spring, to arise, to be born. — 
Perf. mid. part., in neut., as a 
noun, yeyovog, orog, to, the occzir- 
rence, the event. 

ycyvuGKU (later form yZvuGftu), fut. 
yvuaofiac, perf. eyvuica, 2d aor. 
eyvuv, 2d aor. part, yvovg (from 
yvoeo, a form oivoeu, to perceive). 
To know, to perceive, to discern, 
to understand, to recognise, to de- 
cide. 

VkavKog, ov, 6. Glaucus, 1. A son 
of Minos II., king of Crete, and 



ton 

Pasiphae ; he was smothered in 
a vessel of honey. — 2. A son of 
Sisyphus, king of Corinth ; he was 
devoured by his own horses. 

ylavKUTTtg, idog, y (from y?iavndg, 
bluish-green, and uip, the eye). 
Having eyes of a bluish-green. — 
An epithet of Minerva, from the 
fierce expression of her eyes, which 
resembled those of the lion, &c. 

yZatif, nog, y. A screech-owl, an 
owl. 

yXdfvpdg, d, dv (adj. from yXdQu, 
to hollow out). Hollowed (as if by 
a chisel). — Hence, polished, ele- 
gant, ornamental, fine, pretty. 

yhvuepog, a, ov (a poetic form of 
ylvKvc). Sweet, agreeable, pleas- 
ant. 

yTivuv'&v/j.ia, ac, y (from yTivuvc, and 
■&vu6c, spirit). Sweetness of dis- 
position, gentleness, tenderness. 

y?„vK.vc, eld, v (adj.). Sweet, agree- 
able, gentle, kind, pleasant. 

yluaad, yg, and Att. yluTTd, yg, y 
(from y/U5f, same as yXax'w, a 
point?). The tongue. 

yvcx&oc, ov, i] (from nvdu, to scrape). 
The jaw, the cheek, the jaw-teeth. 

yvddeiov, ov, to (from yvdwra, to 
card wool). A fuller's shop. 

yvyolog, a, ov (adj. contr. from yeve- 
cioc, natal). Sprung from the 
same origin, of the same race. 

Tv'upuv, covog, 6. Gniphon. 

yvuun, yg, 7} (from ytyvuGKu, to 
know). The faculty of judgment, 
reason. — Good sense. — Opinion, 
knowledge, understanding, mind, 
counsel, deliberation. 

yvd)[j.o)v, ov (adj. from ytyvuGKO, to 
know). Discerning, discovering. 
— As a noun, yvioucov, ovoc, 6 and 
y, a discoverer, an investigator, a 
judge, the index of a dial. 

yvcjpifa, fut. yvuplau, perf. kyvupXna. 
To know, to recognise. 

yvwptftoc, ov (adj. from yvopl^u). 
Known, recognised, well-known, 
famous, distinguished. 

yodu, u, fut. yoyao, perf. yeyonna, 
irreg. 1st aor. kyoyva, 2d aor. 
eyoov. To lament, to bewail, to 
deplore. 

yovtvg, ewe, 6 (from yhu, obsolete, 



tpa 

to beget). A father. — In the plu- 
ral, 01 yovelg, parents. 

yovy, yg, y (from the old verb yevco, 
to beget). That which is produced, 
offspring, a race, production, ori- 
gin. 

ybvv, ydvdrog, poet. gen. yovvdrog, 
contr. yovvog, to. The knee. — 
Poet, plural, yovva, yovvuv, &c. 

yoog, ov, 6, and yon, yg, y (from yodu, 
to lament). Lamentation, wailing, 
mourning. 

Topyiag, ov Doric d, 6. Gorgias, a 
celebrated rhetorician who lived at 
Athens about 430 B.C. He was 
surnamed Leontlnus, from Leon- 
tlni in Sicily, his native town. 

Topyu, dog, contr. ovg, and Yopyuv, 
dvog, y. A Gorgon. — at Topyo- 
veg, the Gorgons, three sisters, 
daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, 
whose names were Slheno, Eury- 
ale, and Medusa, all immortal ex- 
cept Medusa. 

Topyu, dog, contr. ovg, y. Gorgo, 
the daughter of Cleomenes. 

TdpTvvd, yg, y. Gortyna, a city of 
Crete, next to Cnossus in import- 
ance. 

yovv (adv. for ye, oiv). Tlten at 
least. — Therefore, certainly, then, 
for, at least, now, accordingly. 

ypala, ag, y (fern, of ypalog, contr. 
for yepaidg, old, with yvvr), woman, 
understood). An old woman, an 
aged female. 

ypdufxd, dTog, to (from ypd(j>u, to 
write). Any written character or 
figure, a letter of the alphabet. — 
In the plural, rd ypdjiy.dTa, a num- 
ber of letters put together. — Hence, 
an epistle, literature, learning, the 
sciences, languages, letters, ele- 
mentary studies. 

ypaufidTsvg, eug, 6 (from ypd(j)u, to 
write). A writer, a secretary. 

ypavg, dog, y (from yepadg, old). An 
old woman, an aged female attend- 
ant. 

ypdtyelov, ov, to (from ypdtyu, to 
write). An instrument to write 
with, a stylus or style. See note 
on page 49, line 24. 

ypd<prj, yg, y (from ypdQu). A wri- 
ting, a painting. — A charge, an 
431 



ttn 

indictment or legal accusation of a 
public delinquent. The term em- 
ployed for a charge in a private 
suit was 6lkt]. 

ypdtpu, fut. ypdfu, perf. yeypd<pa. 
To scratch, to trace marks or lines. 
— Hence, to paint, to represent, to 
delineate. — To write, to write down, 
to propose a law. — In the middle 
voice, to cause a person's name to 
be written down by the magistrate, 
to accuse, to prosecute. 

TpvXTior, ov, 6. Gryllus, a son of 
Xenophon, who kilted Epaminon- 
das, and was himself slain at the 
battle of Mantinea, B.C. 363. 

ypvip, vttoc, 6. A griffon, a fabulous 
animal, partaking of the nature of 
the lion and eagle. 

yvlov, ov, to. A limb, a member. 

yv/xvdfa, fut. -aau, perf. yeyvuvana 
(from yvfivog, naked). To lay bare. 
— To exercise naked. — To exer- 
cise, to practise. 

yvfivaalov, ov, to (from yvuvufa). 
A place where gymnastic exercises 
are taught, a school for exercise, a 
gymnasium. — In the plural, ra 
yvfivdcia, gymnastic exercises. 

yvfivr/c, i}Toc, 6 (from yvuvoc, naked). 
Naked, poorly clad, bare. 

yvfivTjTrjg, ov, 6, and yvfivTJTig, iSog, 
7} (from yvfivoc, naked). Naked, 
bare, destitute. 

Tvfxvnclai, uv, ai {vtjgol understood). 
Gymnesice, the Greek name of the 
Baledres. 

yvfiviKoc, i), ov (adj. from yvuvog, 
naked). Of or pertaining to gym- 
nastic exercises, gymnastic. 

yvuvonovc, ovv, gen. -noSog (adj. 
from yv/xvoc, and ttovc, a foot). 
Barefooted. 

yvfivoc, rj, ov (adj.). Naked, bare, 
not clothed, thinly clad, without an 
outer garment. — Destitute, poor. 

yvfiivoo), Co, fut. -g)go), perf. yeyv/xvo- 
Ka (from yv/j,voc). To make bare, 
to strip, to uncover, to expose to 
view. 

yvvaiKeloc;, a, ov (adj. from yvvij). 
Of or pertaining to women, wo- 
manish, feminine, female, effemi- 
nate. 

yvvrj, yvvainoc, y. A woman, a fe- 
432 



AAK 

male, a wife. — Voc. sing, yvvaiy 
from the old nominative yvvai%. 

yvip, v-koc, 6. The vulture. 

Tudpvac, ov, 6. Gobryas, a Persian, 
one of the seven noblemen who 
conspired against the usurper 
Srnerdis. 

yuvog, ov, 6, and yovid, ac, tj. An 
angle, a corner, a retired place. 

A. 

SaSoiJ^og, ov, 6 (from Sac, contr. for 
date, a torch, and fyo), to hold). 
A torch-bearer. 

SaiSaXeog, a, ov (adj. from SatSdTOiU, 
to work skilfully). Highly orna- 
mented, skilfully wrought, varie- 
gated. 

Aaiddloc, ov, 6. Dccdalus, a famous 
Athenian artist, who built the Cre- 
tan labyrinth for King Minos. 
Having been confined in this along 
with his son, they made their es- 
cape by means of wings formed of 
feathers and wax. 

datfjiovloc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. 
from Sai/j.uv). Proceeding from 
the divinity, divine, godlike. — 
Strange, infatuated. See note on 
page 156, line 39. 

Sac/ntov, ovoc, 6. A divinity, a deity, 
a genius or guardian spirit. — For- 
tune, chance, fate. 

daivvfii, fut. Salvo, perf. ScSaixa 
(from Sato, to divide). To divide, 
to distribute. — Hence, to give a 
feast, to entertain. — In the middle 
voice, 6aivvfj,ai, &c, to feast. 

oaipo, same as Sepu. 

Sale, ISog, contr. Sag, SaSog, y. A 
torch. See Sag. 

Sacrvg, vog, y (Ionic for Satg, a feast, 
from Sato, to divide). A feast, an 
entertainment, a banquet. 

Sukvco, fut. mid. Sr/^ofiac, perf. Se- 
Syxa, 2d aor. ISdnov (most of 
the tenses are formed from the 
obsolete Stjku). To bite, to sting 
(said of a serpent, also of a bee), 
to wound. 

SaKpv, vog, to (poet, for Sdnpvov). 
A tear. — In the plural, tears, lam- 
entations, &c. 

Saupvoecg, oeaaa, oev (adj. from 6uk- 
pvov). Shedding tears, weeping. 



AAII 

— Sing. neut. used as an adverb, 
6atcpvo£V, tearfully, amid tears. 

Saupvov, ov, to. A tear. — Weeping, 
lamentation.— Applied also to the 
exuding juices of trees. 

daupvxiuv, iovaa, eov (pres. part, 
from daupvxeu, to shed, tears, of 
which no other part is used by 
Homer). Shedding tears, weep- 
ing, pouring forth tears. 

dafcpvu, fut. -vuG), perf. dedaKpvtca 
(from 6dnpvov). To weep, to shed 
tears, to lament. 

SaKTvXij'&pa., ac, i] (from danrvTioc., a 
finger, with ending rpa, -&pa, de- 
noting the instrument). A finger- 
tip, a covering for the fingers. 

danrvluoc, ov, 6 (from datcrvTiog). 
A ring for the finger, a ring. 

dutcTvTioc, ov, 6. A finger. — 6 uiyag 
6d.KTv2.og, the thumb. — SaicTvAoc 
nodoc, a toe. 

6aud£o and 6dp.au, d>, fut. 6dudacj, 
perf. 6e6p.vKa (as from 6£uu), 2d 
aor. Hduov. To tame, to subdue, 
to bring under the yoke, to break 
(said of horses). 

6dpd7ng, cue, rj. A heifer, a calf. 

Lav an, ng, rj. Dande, daughter of 
Acrisius, king of Argos, and moth- 
er of Perseus by Jupiter. 

Ldvdog, ov, 6. Dandus, a son of 
Belus, who sailed from Egypt with 
his fifty daughters, on account of 
a dissension with his brother 
^gyptus, and settled at Argos in 
Greece. From him the people of 
that city were called Lavaoi, 
Dandi, a name which was after- 
ward applied to all the Greeks. 

6avei£co, fut. -elou, and Att. -elu, 
perf. 6e6dvEiKa (from 6dvog, a 
loan). To loan out, to lend on in- 
terest, to lend. — In the middle 
voice, to cause to be lent unto 
one's self, to borrow. 

6dog, Eog, to (from 6aiu, to burn). 
A torch. 

6drrav7}, ng, r/ (from 6a7rdvdo), to ex- 
pend). Expense, waste, prodigal- 
ity, cost. 

6a7rdvn l ua, aroc, to (from the same). 

Expense, &c. 
6u.tte6ov, ov, to (from 6d, Doric for 
yfj, earth, and it£6ov, a basis). A 
Oo 



AE 

floor, a pavement, a foundation, a 
piece of ground. 

Lap6dveig, uv, oi. Dardanians, in- 
habitants of Dardania, a region 
north of Macedonia, afterward 
called Dacia Mediterranea. 

Aap6dvl6ng, ov, 6 (patronymic from 
Ldp6dvog, Darddnus). Son or 
descendant of Dardanus. 

Lap6dvlog, a, ov (adj.)- Trojan. 

Lapelog, ov, 6. Darius, the name 
of three kings of Persia. 

6dg, 6a66g, iq (contr. from 6aig, from 
6aiu, to burn). A torch, a fire- 
brand. 

6aauoloyog, ov, 6 (from 6a<juog, tax, 
and teyo, to collect). A tax-col- 
lector, an excise- officer. — An ex- 
tortioner. 

6aou6g, ov, 6 (from 6a'co, to divide, 
perf. pass. 6E6acpai). Division, 
allotment. — Tax, tribute. 

6davg, eta, v (adj.). Thick, close 
set. — Covered with hair, bristly, 
shaggy. ^ 

6d(j>vn, i]g, i]. Laurel, or, more ac- 
curately, bay, a laurel-tree, a bay- 
tree. 

Ld<j>vn, ng, v (as a proper name). 
Daphne, daughter of the river Pe- 
neus. She was changed into a 
laurel-tree to avoid the pursuit of 
Apollo. 

6a<j)vr}(j)6pog, ov (adj. from 6d<j>vn, and 
(j>Epo), to bear). Bearing laurel, 
crowned with laurel. — As a sub- 
stantive, 6a$vn<j>6pog, 6, the laurel- 
bearer. 

Ldd)vig, t6og, 6. Daphnis, a shep- 
herd of Sicily, son of Mercury by 
a Sicilian nymph. 

6ai]>i2,£id, ag, rj (from 6atyVkr}g ). Pro- 
fusion, abundance, prodigality. 

6atpl7.r]g, eg (adj. from 6u7rra), to con- 
sume). Abundant, profuse, rich, 
sumptuous, liberal. 

6aiplhfig (adv. from 6aypiXrjg). Abun- 
dantly, profusely, richly, &c. 

66 (a particle). But, however, yet, 
therefore, moreover, while, now. 
6e, in the latter member of a propo- 
sition, stands opposed to uev in the 
former. As an enclitic, 6e is ap- 
pended to nouns to denote motion 
to or towards. Compare 'A&rjvtt£e. 
433 



AEI 

dinaig, eug, i) (from diu, to want). 
Want, need. — Also, prayer, sup- 
plication, entreaty. 

del (an impersonal verb), fut. deijaec, 
1st aor. kdenae, perf. dedenne, 
pres. inf. delv, pres. part. deov. 
It is necessary, it is fitting, it 
must. — del Tiva, one should, one 
must. — 6 el rivoc, something is 
wanting. — fciKpov delv, to want 
but little, to be on the point of. — 
As an adverbial phrase, almost, 
nearly. 

del~y/u.a, aroc, to (from dectcvvfic, to 
show). A specimen, a sample, ex- 
ample. 

deido, fut. decau, perf. dedecua, perf. 
mid. dedocKa, dedca and decdca, 
imp. deidl&i. To fear, to dread, to 
stand in awe of. — To be anxious. 

decKVVfic and decKvvco, fut. de'ctjto, 
perf. dedecxa. To show, to point 
out, to disclose, to make apparent, 
to represent. 

SeDirj, nc, i). The evening, the de- 
cline of the day, the afternoon. 

deiliiao, u, fut. -cdao, perf. dedeck'cd- 
kcl (from decide). To be timid, to 
act in a cowardly manner. 

deddg, rj, dv (adj. from decdo, to 
fear). Fearful, timorous, coward- 
ly. — Wretched, unfortunate. — As 
a noun, d decide, the coward. 

decjuaivcj, fut. -fiavC), perf. dedeifiay- 
Ka (from delfca, fear). To fear, 
to stand in awe, to be terrified. 

deevde, i], dv (adj.). Frightful, terri- 
ble, dreadful. — Strong, powerful. 
— Grievous, dire, bad, vexatious. 
— Wonderful. — As a noun, in the 
neut. plural, ra decvd, evils, ca- 
lamities. — In the neuter sing., as 
an adverb, deevdv, sternly, &c. 

decvornc, nroc, i) (from deevdg ). The 
quality causing terror or amaze- 
ment. — Povier, force, skill, cun- 
ning. — Difficulty, danger. 

decv&c (adv. from deevde). Terribly, 
dreadfully, strongly, greatly, &c. 

deiirveo, £>, fut. -t)gcj, perf. dede'cir- 
vrjKa, Attic 2d perf. dedeenva (from 
deiTTvov). To take supper, to dine. 

delrrvov, ov, to. A supper, a meal, 
a feast, an entertainment. The 
delKvov was the principal meal 
434 



AE£ 
among the Greeks, and corre- 
sponded to the cozna of the Ro- 
mans, which was taken about 3 
o'clock in the afternoon. 

deiirvoTTOceG), d>, fut. -r}ato, perf. de- 
deLTTvoTco'cnua (from delnvov, and 
noteo), to make). To prepare sup- 
per. — In the middle voice, to cause 
supper to be prepared for one's 
self, to sup, to take the evening 
meal. 

decpo, a later form of depu. To flay, 
&c. See depo. 

dena (numeral adj. indecl.). Ten. 

deKcidapxiu., ac, 7} (from denaddpxng, 
a commander of ten). The com- 
mand of a decade, the office of a 
decurio, a decadarchy. 

deKannxvc, v (adj. from dena, and 
Kr)xvc, a cubit). Ten cubits long. 

dinaToc, 7], ov (numeral adj. from 
deica). The tenth. — In the neut. 
sing., as an adverb, denaTOv, in the 
tenth place, tenthly. 

deleap, drag, to. A bait, a lure. 

Aelra, to (indecl.). The fourth let- 
ter of the Greek alphabet. — Also, 
the Delta, a triangular island form- 
ed at the mouth of the Nile by the 
mud and sand deposited by the 
river ; so called from its resem- 
blance to the Greek delta. 

del(j)cv and deXcp'cc, Ivog, d. A dol- 
phin. 

Ae/i(j>oc, tiv, o'c. Delphi, a small but 
famous city of Phocis, in Greece, 
situated on the southern side of 
Mount Parnassus, and containing 
a celebrated oracle of Apollo. 

difevcov, ov, to (from defco, to con' 
struct). A bedstead, a couch. 

devdpdeig, tieoca, dev, Doric for dev- 
dpfjecg, r)ecoa, yev (adj. from dh- 
dpov, a tree). Abounding in trees, 
woody. 

devdpcrng, ov, d, and devdplrcg, Xdog, 7) 
(from devdpov). Trained on trees. 
See note on page 96, line 33. 

divdpov, ov, and devdpog, cog, to. A 
tree. 

de£iu, dg, i) (fern, of degedg, with x EL P 
understood). The right hand. — 
ev def-td, on the right hand, to the 
right. 

degcoofiac, ovfiac, fut. -uaojxac, perf 



AET 
dedegiofiai (from dei-toc). To take 
by the right hand, to grasp the right 
hand. 

de&oc, a, ov (adj. from dexopai, to 
take). The right, on the right. — 
Dexterous, skilful. — Auspicious, 
favourable. — In the neut. plural, 
ra degid {fiepv understood), the 
right. 

defrrepoc, a, ov (adj., poetic for dec- 
ide). On the right, &c- 

deoc, eoc, to (from deidu, to fear). 
Fear, dread. 

depac, uroc, and depoc, eoc, to (poetic 
for depfia). A skin, a hide. 

6ep/j.a, uroc, to (from depu). A hide, 
a skin (of the crocodile). 

depu, fut. depu, perf. dedapfca, 2d 
aor. eddpov, perf. mid. dedopa. To 
skin, to flay, to bare. — To flay by 
stripes, to scourge. 

dea/ua, aroc, to (from dew, to bind). 
A bond, a fastening. — In the plu- 
ral, tu deo-fiara, ornaments for the 
head. 

deouevu, fut. -evocj, perf. dedecuevKa 
(from 6eo[i6g, a fetter). To fetter, 
to bind. 

Sea/uoc, ov, 6 (from deu, to bind). A 
fetter, a chain, a bond or tie. — In 
the plural, to. deofid. 

decrfiuTr/pLov, ov, to (from decjiou, to 
bind). A prison. 

decTTOTng, ov, 6 (from deaivo^o), to 
rule absolutely). A lord, a master, 
a despot. 

AevKa?,iG)v, ovoc, 6. Deucalion, son 
of Prometheus, married Pyrrha, 
daughter of Pandora. When Ju- 
piter destroyed mankind by a 
flood, Deucalion and Pyrrha alone 
were saved. 

devpo (adv.). Hither. Used with 
verbs of motion. It is employed 
also in calling to any one, by way 
of encouragement or request ; and 
if addressed to only one individual, 
then devpo is used ; but if to more 
than one, devre is employed. 

devre (adv.). Hither. See devpo. 

devre poc, a, ov (numeral adj.). Sec- 
ond. — devrepov (neut. taken ad- 
verbially), secondly. 

6evo>, fut. devr/ao, perf. dedevnaa 
(poetic for deo). To want. It is 



AHM 
used more frequently in the mid- 
dle voice, devofiat, to be in leant, 
dexouai, fut. de^o/iai, perf. dedey/uai. 
To receive, to take, to succeed to. 
— To receive an attack, to sustain 
an onset. — To lie in wait for. 

6eo), fut. dijao), perf. dedetca, perf. 
pass. dede/u,cu. To bifid, to chain, 
to fetter. 

diu, fut. derjao, perf. dedenna. To 
want, to need. — It is usually im- 
personal in the active. — In the 
middle, deouat, with the genitive, 
To want, to need, to require, to 
ask for, to request, to entreat, to 
pray for. 

dfj (conj., a strengthened form of de). 
Now, certainly, truly, indeed, as- 
suredly. — Yet, but then, in fine, 
then. — Often used ironically, for- 
sooth. — «/,/V dye drj, but come then. 
—Trf/ dr) ; where then 1 — ical drj, 
and even. — evravd-a drj, thereupon 
then. 

dfjy[j.d, aroc, to (from dutcvo, to bite). 
A bite, a wound with the teeth, a 
sting (of a serpent). 

drjioc, a, ov (adj., Ionic for ddioc, 
from date, a furious combat). 
Hostile. 

dnida, u, fut. -6au, perf. dedntuKa 
(from dr/ioc). To ravage, to lay 
waste. 

dnAovori (adv. for dfaov otl, it is 
evident that). Evidently, without 
doubt, namely. 

A^Aoc, ov, i]. Delos, one of the 
Cyclades, which floated beneath 
the waves until Neptune fixed it 
firmly to receive Latona, and made 
it manifest to the view (di)?.ov). 
Hence its name. The modern 
appellation is Sdille. 

6fj?iog, n, ov (adj.). Manifest, evi- 
dent, clear, apparent, visible, 
known. 

dr/Aou, cj, fut. -cjcrw, perf. dedylcjua 
(from 6?]/.oc). To make manifest, 
to make known, to show forth, to 
explain, to announce. 

Sr/fiayuyeo), w, fut. -r)au, perf. dedn- 
fiayuyr/Ka (from dr/uaywyoc). To 
be a popular leader, to be a dema- 
gogue. 

dr/fiayoyia, ac, r) (from dr/fJ-ayuyeo). 
435 



AHM 

The act of influencing or leading 
the people. — The office or station 
of popular leader. 

dmidyoyog, ov, 6 (from dij/iog, the 
people, and uyu, to lead). A pop- 
ular leader, a demagogue. 

Anfiadnc, ov, 6. Demades, an Athe- 
nian, who, from a sailor, became 
an orator. He was taken prisoner 
by Philip at Chseronea, and was 
afterward put to death by Cassan- 
der, B.C. 318. 

Aqjuaparoc, ov, 6. Demaratus, the 
son and successor of Ariston on 
the throne of Sparta, B.C. 526. 

Lnp,rjT7ip, repoc, contr. rpoc, and Ay- 
fu?Tpa, ag, 7). Ceres, called by 
the Greeks Demeter, goddess of 
corn and harvests. The name is 
thought to come from 67} for yr), 
the earth, and uyryp, mother, ma- 
king Ceres identical with " mother 
earth," and the great principle of 
fertility that pervades its bosom. 

&7]fj.7/TpIoc, ov, 6. Demetrius. 1. A 
son of Antigonus and Stratonlce. 
He was sumamed Poliorcetes, 
from his skill in besieging cities, 
employing for that purpose ma- 
chines and engines of his own in- 
vention, and of stupendous size. — 
2. Sumamed Phalereus (three syl- 
lables), from his native place, Pha- 
lerum in Attica. He was made 
governor of Athens by Cassander, 
B.C. 312, and became at first very 
popular ; but, after having govern- 
ed the city for the space of ten 
years, was driven out by Antigo- 
nus and Demetrius Poliorcetes. 
The fickle Athenians now heaped 
as many contumelies upon his 
name as they had previously be- 
stowed honours upon him. — 3. A 
Cynic philosopher, who flourished 
at Rome during the reign of Nero. 

Sij/itovpyeo), £, fut. -tjgo, perf. dedy- 
fiLovpyTjKa (from Sfjfitoe, public, 
and epyov, work, a trade). To 
exercise a trade. — To make, pro- 
duce, to fabricate, to perform in 
general. 

Syponpareouai, ovuac, fut. -yao/uai, 
perf. Se^rjUOKpciTT/uat (from ofjfiog, 
the people, and Kparico, to rule). 
436 



AIA 

To have a democratical form of 
government, to possess a democra- 
cy (said of a people). 

dfjfiog, ov, 6. The people, the popu- 
lace. — A borough, a territory, a 
land. — A democracy, a democrat- 
ical form of government. — oi 6fj- 
/llol, the boroughs into which Attica 
was divided, amounting in all to 
174. 

dyp-og, ov, 6. Fat. 

A7]p,ocr&ev7]c, ovc, 6. Demosthenes, 
the most celebrated of the Gre- 
cian orators, a native of the bor- 
ough of Paeania in Attica. 

dn/uoGievo), fut. -evau, perf. dedrjp:ocr- 
ievna (from dyuootog). To make 
public, to publish, to divulge. — 
Neuter, to be public, to be in com- 
mon. 

dypoolog, a, ov (adj. from drjuoc, the 
people). Public. — 6rjp.oaia, at the 
public expense, supply darxavn. — 
7rapepx6/u.Evoc etc to oyuooiov, com- 
ing before the people or into pub- 
lic. — 6 6r\p.6aL0c, the public execu- 
tioner, supply SovXog. — rd dnpio- 
ata, public affairs. 

dripLOTrje, ov, 6 (from df/uog, a bor- 
ough). One of the same borough. 
— One of the people. — A private 
individual. 

Stj^otikoc, 7), ov (adj. from dTjfiornc). 
Appertaining to the people, repub- 
lican. — Well-disposed, popular, 
affable. 

Ay/uofiiXog, ov, 6. Demophilus. 

S7]fi6d7}c, eg (adj. from dijuog, the 
populace, and eldog, appearance). 
Common, vulgar, public. — Com- 
monly received, prevalent among 
the people, popular. 

Aypiuvatj, a/croc, 6. Demonax, a 
celebrated philosopher of Crete. 

drjra (particle from 67)). Then, now, 
in a word, without doubt, surely, 
very likely, probably. — Often iron- 
ical, forsooth, &lc. 

did (prep, governing the genitive and 
accusative). With the genitive 
it signifies through, by means of, 
in, by, &c. Thus, 61' 'F,/iXu6or, 
through Greece ; did j3iov, through 
or during life ; did vvktoc, by 
night ; 61' erovg, for a year, year- 



AIA 

ly ; di' eavrov, by means of him- 
self ; oV opuuv, by means of oaths; 
6C VTrotpiac, in suspicion ; did ^ci- 
poc, in one's hand, in hand, &c. — 
With the accusative, through, on 
account of, &c. ; as, did ttovtov, 
through the deep ; did rovro, on 
this account, for this reason ; dia 
ri ; wherefore 1 on xchat account 1 
why ? — In composition it has 
often the force of dis- in English, 
and of dis, trans, tra, in Latin, 
denoting passage, &c. It fre- 
quently, too, has the force of thor- 
oughly. 

diadaivu, fut. 6ia6r]aofiai, &c. (from 
did, through or over, and (3aivo, 
to go). To go through or over, to 
cross, to pass over. — diaSedrjKuc 
role izoalv, see note, page 58, line 
7-18. 

diaftdXXo, fut. diaSaXu, &c. (from 
did, through, and 3dX?io, to cast). 
To throw or cast through, to trans- 
pierce, to slander, to calumniate, 
to render suspicious, to denounce. 
— To pass over, to cross. 

didBacrig, eoc, rj (from diataiviS). A 
crossing, a passing over, a pas- 
sage across. 

diaBaroc, rj, 6v (adj. from dia6aivu). 
To be passed or crossed over, ford- 
able, passable. 

dia6i6d£u, fut. dia6i6dao, perf. dia- 
6e6i6ana (from did, through, and 
(3i6d&, to cause to go). To cause 
to pass through or over, to trans- 
port, to carry through or over., to 
assist one in departing, to help 

dia6M7ro), fut. dia6Xeipu, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, earnestly, and 
/3Mko), to look). To look earnest- 
ly, to see clearly, to see through. 

diaBodo, a), fut. diaSorjao, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and /3odu, to 
shout). To shout aloud, to cry 
aloud, to noise abroad, to render 
famous or infamous.— In the pas- 
sive, diaBodojiai, ti/uai, to be cele- 
brated, to become famous. 

diaSovrdc, 6v (adj. from diadoau). 
Cried aloud, noised abroad, cele- 
brated, rendered famous. — Decri- 
ed, notorious, infamous. 
o 2 



AIA 

diaSolfj, yc, y (from dtaSdXlu, to 
slander). Slander, calumny, a 
slanderous accusation, a reproach. 

diayiyvouai, fut. diayevricofiai, &c. 
(from did, through, and yiyvo/iac, 
to exist, &c). To hold out, to 
subsist, to continue to live on. — 
To intervene, to elapse. 

diayiyvQGKO), fut. diayvuaojiai, &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and yiyvua- 
ko), to know). To know thor- 
oughly or accurately, to distin- 
guish, to discriminate (i. e., to 
know between), to ascertain clear- 
ly, to decide. 

diaypdfo, fut. diaypdipu, &c. (from 
did, throughout, and ypd$o, to 
write, to delineate, &c). To de- 
lineate, to sketch, to describe. — To 
draw up a list. — To distribute, to 
assign, &c. 

diayu, fut. did^cj, &c, (from did, 
through, and dyo, to lead). To 
transport, to lead or convey beyond, 
or to the other side. — To pass, to 
pass one's time, to continue. 

diayovi&fj.ai, fut. diayuviao/uai, &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and dyovi£- 
o/iai, to contend). To contend 
strenuously, to fight vigorously, to 
strive resolutely. 

diddr/fj.a, droc, to (from diadsu, to 
bind, around). A diadem, a band 
or fillet around the brow. 

diadidufii, fut. diadcoao, &c. (from 
did, through, and didco/ni, to give). 
To transmit, to pass from one to 
another, to propagate, to spread, 
to circulate. — To partition, to dis~ 
tribute. 

dia&vvvui, fut. dia^uuo), perf. die^o- 
na (from did, thoroughly, and £d>v- 
vvui, to encircle). To encircle as 
with a girdle. 

dcd^eaic, euc. r/ (from diari-fty/ai, to 
arrange). Condition. — Delivery, 
action, gesture. 

dia&TjKri, nc, 7} (from diarid-yfti, to 
dispose, to arrange). A will, a 
testament. 

diaivu, fut. didvcb, perf. dedlayKa. 
To moisten, to wet. 

diaipio, d, fut. diaipyaio, &e. (from 
did, through, and aipeu, to take). 
To divide, to cut through, to sep~ 
497 



AIA 

wrote. — To distinguish, to deter- 
mine. 

Siaipo), fut. Sidpu, &c. (from Sid, 
through intervening space, and 
aipo, to raise). To lift up, to el- 
evate, to raise, to encourage. 

diaira, nc, ij. A mode of life, a plan 
of life, means of support, subsist- 
ence, diet, regimen. — An abode, a 
dwelling, an apartment, a cham- 
ber. 

diairacx, u, fut. Siair^aa, perf. SeSi- 
yTTjua (from Siaira). To feed, to 
maintain, to pi-escribe a certain 
mode of life or regimen.— To act 
as umpire, to accommodate differ- 
ences. 

diat,TT}T7}c, ov, 6 (from Siairdo)). A 
judge, an umpire, an arbitrator. 

SiaKad-aipu, fut. diana-&apC>, &c. 
(from Sid, thoroughly, and naftai- 
pej, to cleanse or purify). To 
cleanse thoroughly, to purify com- 
pletely, to cleoMse, to purify. 

dianaiu, fut. Sianavou), &c. (from 
did, through, and naia), to burn). 
To burn through, to burn up, to 
set completely on fire, to blaze out 
upon. — To inflame, to arouse, to 
excite, to kindle up. 

diaKaXvTTTo, fut. SianaXv-tyQ, &c. 
(from did, denoting division or 
separation, and KaXvnTw, to cover). 
To uncover. 

SiaKEifiai, future Sianeiaofiai, &c. 
(from did, completely, throughout, 
and KEifiai, to lie). To be estab- 
lished, to be ordained. — To be dis- 
posed or affected, to be in a partic- 
ular state of body or mind. — ev 
SianEic-&ai, to be well. — kgkuc 
dtaneitr&ai, to be ill. — eipnvLKuc 
SiaKEic&ai, to be peaceably dis- 
posed. 

dianeipa); fut. dtaicepu, &c. (from 
6cd, thoroughly, and KEipw., to 
shear). To shear off, to cut off, 
to cut in pieces. — To render null 
and void, to rescind, to despoil. 

Sianehsvo/j-ai, future Sianehevoofiai, 
perf. SiaKEKeXsvajiai (from did, 
thoroughly, and keIevo), to order, 
&c). To order earnestly, to com- 
mand.-r-To exhort, to encourage, 
to advise, to warn, to persuade^ &c. 
438 



AIA 

dian?i7}p6u), u, fut. dianhvpucu, &c. 
(from did, throughout, and K?^np6oj, 
to cast lots). To distribute by lot, 
to transfer or dispose by lot, to 
choose by lot. — In the middle, Sia- 
KXrjpov/iat, to obtain by lot, to draw 
lots. 

Sianofii^, fut. SiaKOfxiau, &c. (from 
Sid, through, over, and KOfiifa, to 
carry). To convey through, to 
carry over, to transport, to intro- 
duce. — In the middle, to pass from 
one place to another, to pass over. 

Siukoveo), C), fut. SidKOvrjGU, perf. 
S£dian6v7]Ka, and SiaaovEOuai, ov- 
pai (from Siuicovoc). To wait 
upon, to serve, to attend upon. — 
To administer, to manage. — To 
perform a ?iy function for another. 

SiaKovlco, fut. Sianovioo, &c. (from 
Sid, thoroughly, and koviu, to cover 
with dust). To cover with dust. 
— In the middle, Siaicovio/xai, to 
cover one's self with dust, as the 
athletae were accustomed to do 
before commencing their exercises, 
to prepare for combat. — To raise a 
cloud of dust around one. 

Siukovoc, ov, 6 and ij (from an obso- 
lete verb, Siuko) or Sitjkui, akin to 
Skoko)). An attendant, a servant, 
a waiter. — One who acts for an- 
other. 

Sianooloi, ai, a (numeral adj.). Two 
hundred. 

SiaKoaniqaiq, ecjc, rj (from Sianoofieu), 
to regulate). Arrangement, regu- 
lation, disposition, administration. 

SiGKplvo), fut. SiaupXvC), &c. (from 
Sid, denoting separation, &c, and 
Kpivu, to judge). To separate, to 
distinguish, to discern, to deter- 
mine, to decide between, &c. 

SiaKVfiaivcd, fut. Sianvfidvu, perf. Sia- 
KEnvfiayna (from Sid, thoroughly, 
violently, and KVfialvcj, to raise in 
waves). To raise up in waves, to 
render stormy, to make turbulent, 
&c. 

SiaK.oi2.vc>, fut. SiaKuXvau, &c. (from 
Sid, thoroughly, and kioIvg), to re- 
strain). To impede, to hinder, to 
restrain, to keep from. 

SiaXa/j-Sdvo), fut. SiaTirj-^ofiai, &c. 
(from Sid, denoting separation or 



AIA 
division, and Xa/itdvid, to take). 
To take a share or portion, to par- 
ticipate in. — To separate, to di- 
vide, to distinguish between. — 
To occupy, to take up, to cover, 
to Jill, &c. 

diakeyto, fut. diale^u, &c. (from did, 
denoting separation, and Xiyco, to 
choose, &c). To choose between, 
to select, to set apart. — In the mid- 
dle voice, to discourse, to converse, 
to confer, to utter, &c. 

dia"ke'nrid, fut. diaTteiipu, (from did, 
denoting separation, and Ieittu, 
to leave). To leave an interme- 
diate space, to let an interval of 
time elapse, to intermit, to omit, to 
forbear, &c. 

dtdXenToc, ov, r) (from diaTiiyio). A 
dialect, a language, discourse, lan- 
guage. 

did?ie^ic, sue, 7) (from diaMyofiai). 
A conference, a conversation. 

did?ii-&oc, ov (adj. from did, through- 
out, and Xl-&oc, a precious stone). 
Ornamented with precious sto'/ies. 

diaWdyr), r)c, r) (from diaX?,dacno), 
A reconciliation. 

didXTidoaio, fut. oVa/Uafu, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and dWdcaid, to 
change). To change, to alter, to 
substitute. — To reconcile, to ter- 
minate a difference as umpire. — 
To depart from, to be distant 
from, to distinguish. — In the pas- 
sive, to be reconciled, &c. — In the 
middle, to become reconciled, to ex- 
change with one another, &c. 

diaAvaig, ecac, r) (from dialvio, to 
separate). A reconciliation, a 
pacification. — In the plural, the 
terms of a treaty, the conditions of 
a reconciliation. 

diaXvco, fut. dtaAvtro), &c. (from did, 
thoroughly, and avu, to separate). 
To dissolve, to separate, to loosen, 
to discharge, to abolish, to destroy, 
to arrange differences, to recon- 
cile. — In the middle, to become 
reconciled, to enter into a treaty 
with. 

diafidxojiai, fut. dia^axEGOfiai, and 
Attic Sia/naxovfiai, &c. (from did, 
thoroughly, and /udxo/j.ai, to fight). 
To fight resolutely, to fight to the 



AIA 
end, to contend manfully. — To give 
battle, to engage. 

dta/ieiStj, fut. dia/Li£iipu, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and dfxe'iSco, to 
change). To exchange, to change. 
— In the middle, to exchange, to 
change, to traffic, &c. 

diafxevo, fut. dia/xevu, &c. (from did, 
thoroughly, and fxevu, to remain). 
To remain, to continue, to last, to 
persevere. 

dia/neTpeo), to, fut. diap,ETpr}aco, &c. 
(from did, through, and fierpio), to 
measure). To measure through, 
to measure thoroughly, to measure 
off, to proportion, to distribute. 

did/nerpog, ov, r) (properly an adj. with 
ypa/ufiTJ, a line, understood, from 
dia/nerpecj). A diameter, a line 
drawn through a central point, &c. 

diaufioc, ov (adj. from did, thorough- 
ly, and d/xuoc, sand). Sandy 
throughout, entirely sandy. 

diafiovr/, r)c, r) (from did/iivo). Con- 
tinuation, perseverance, duration, 
&c. 

diavEjuu, fut. diave/xu, &c. (from did, 
denoting separation, and vifiio, to 
assign). To divide, to distribute, 
to allot, to assign, &c. 

diaviorijui, fut. diavaGTr/oo, &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and uvia- 
rrjjii, to place up). To arouse, to 
make to stand up, to erect, to rear. 
— To stand upright. 

diavoeofiai, ov/nai, fut. diavor)aop,ai, 
perf. dtavevovfiai (from did, thor- 
oughly, and voeo/nai, to reflect). 
To reflect carefully, to reflect, to 
conceive in mind, to consider of, 
to design, to intend, &c. 

diavour), f t c, 7} (from dtavEfico). A dis- 
tribution, an allotment, a division. 

dianavToc. (adv. from did, through, 
and Tvavroc, gen. sing, of ttuc, with 
Xpovov understood). Always, con- 
tinually. — Everywhere, thorough- 
ly, wholly. When it has these 
latter meanings, some other noun, 
and not xp ovov i must be supposed 
to be understood. 

diaTTepdo), co, fut. diairepdao), and 
Ionic diaTreprjau, &c. (from did, 
through, and Trepdu, to pass). To 
pass through or over, to cross. 
439 



AIA 
SiaiTETo/iiai, fut. SiartEr^aouai, and 
contr. Siairrrioouai, &c. (from Sid, 
through, and TVETouai, to fly). To 
fly through, to fly. 
Sia-Kinru, fut. StaTreaovfiac, &c. 
(from Sid, through, and ttittto), to 
fall). To fall through, to fall in 
pieces or apart, to decay, to fall 
away. 

dLairlinG), fut. Siairli^o), &c. (from 
Sid, through, and ttXeko, to weave, 
&c). To interweave, to inter- 
twine, to weave, to braid. 

SianMo, fut. SiairTiEvaofxai, &c. 
(from Sid, through, and rr2.eo), to 
sail). To sail through, to sail 
over, to sail to. 

Siairvio), fut. SiarcvEvao, &c. (from 
Sid, through, and Trvto, to breathe, 
to blow). To breathe through, to 
blow through. — To recover breath, 
to revive. — In the passive, Siaivvk- 
ojuai, to be ventilated. 

SianouTr'tuoc, ov (adj. from Slant" jiitm, 
to send away). Sent away, de- 
spatched, transported. 

SiaTcovecj, £>, fut. Siairovrjcu, &c. 
(from Sid, thoroughly, and ttoveu, 
to labour). To bestow careful la- 
bour upon, to elaborate, to perfect, 
to toil, to procure by toil, &c. 

Siairopeo), £>, fut. SianopTJao, &c. 
(from Sid, thoroughly, and dnopeo, 
to be at a loss). To be in great 
want, to be embarrassed, to be quite 
at a loss. 

SiaTropd-io), a>, fut. Siarrop-d-Tjao), &c. 
(from Sid, thoroughly, and nop-Sec), 
to ravage). To ravage, to destroy, 
to lay waste, &c. 

SiaTTpdooo, fut. SiaTrpd^u, &c. (from 
Sid, thoroughly, and irpdaao), to 
do). To finish, to complete, to ef- 
fect, to bring to pass. — To put an 
end to, to destroy. 

Siairpeirfjc, ec (adj. from Sid, thor- 
oughly, and 7rp£7ro), to become). 
Very becoming, distinguished, con- 
spicuous, remarkable, splendid, il- 
lustrious, excellent. 

Siaixw&dvouai, future Sianevaouai, 
&c. (from Sid, thoroughly, and 
•KW&dvouai, to inquire, &c). To 
make strict or diligent inquiry, to 
examine thoroughly, to inquire, &c. 
440 



AIA 
Sidirvpoc, ov (adj. from Sid, thor- 
oughly, and nip, fire). Glowing, 
red hot, fiery, &c. 
Siapufjc, ic (adj. from Siaptceo), to 
suffice). Sufficient. — Equal to, 
capable of holding out. — Lasting, 
durable, constant. — Supplied with 
means of subsistence. 

Siapndfa, fut. Siapizdoo and Siap- 
7rd^o), &c. (from Sid, thoroughly, 
and dpnd^o), to seize). To plun- 
der, to seize, to carry off, to tear 
in pieces. 

Siappso), future Siapfcvou, &c. 
(from Sid, through, and pio, to 
flow). To flow through, to flow 
away, to escape, to pass away rap- 
idly, to perish. 

Siafip'riyvv/Lii, future Siappr/fa, &c. 
(from Sid, thoroughly, and prjyvv- 
p,i, to break). To break in pieces, 
to tear, to hirst, to break through. 

Sidppvroc, ov (adj. from Siappeo, to 
flow through). Well watered, ir- 
rigated. 

Siaoevouai, fut. SiaaEvaouai, 1st aor. 
SiEGCEvdunv, perf. pass. Sdaavuai, 
2d aor. mid. Sieoovunv (from Sid, 
through, and aevoudi, to stir one's 
self, to move rapidly). To pass 
through rapidly, to rush through, 
to hasten through. 

SiaandixTO, fut. Siaatcdibc,), &c. (from 
Sid, through, and cuanTo, to dig). 
To dig through, to dig into, to un- 
dermine. 

SiaoKeSdvvvui, fut. SiaonESaatd, perf. 
SiEOKESana (from Sid, thoroughly, 
and GKESavvvui, to scatter). To 
dissipate, to disperse, to scatter, 
to spread abroad. 

SiaaTvao, Co, fut. Siaanacoo, &c. (from 
Sid, denoting separation, and oirdu, 
to draw, to drag). To draw apart, 
to drag apart, to tear asunder, to 
tear in pieces. — To distract, har- 
ass. — In the passive, to be dis- 
tracted, to be harassed, with cares, 
business, &c. 

SiaaTtEipcj, fut. SiaonEpCo, &c. (from 
Sid, thoroughly, and anEipco, to 
sow, to scatter). To disseminate 
widely, to scatter up and down, to 
disperse. 

SidoTdaic, ewe, i] (from did, apart, 



AIA 
and lorduai, to stand). Distance, 
intermediate space. — An interval, 
a cleft. — Disagreement, dissen- 
sion, discord. 

didarypa, droc, to (from did, apart, 
and lardpai, to stand). Intermedi- 
ate space, distance, an interval, 
&c. 

diaorp&vvvui, fut. diaarpuau, perf. 
dieoTpuna (from 6td, thoroughly, 
and GTp&vvvpi, to spread). To 
spread out carpets, couch-cover- 
ings, &c, to smooth down couch- 
coverings, &c, to lay out, to pre- 
pare a place for an entertainment, 
to get ready a place for a public 
meeting. 

Siaoxi&, fut. dtaaxiac), &c. (from 
did, through, and ax^u, to split). 
To split, to cut open, to sever, to 
divide. 

diactJ^G), fut. diacuau, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and awfcj, to save). 
To save from any danger, to carry 
through safely. 

diarapdaau, fut. diarapd^o), &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and rapdc- 
Go, to disturb). To trouble, to 
agitate, to alarm, to disturb, to 
throw into embarrassment. 

diareivio, fut. diarevti, &c. (from 
did, through, and reivo, to extend). 
To stretch out, to extend, to aim at, 
to tend to, to appertain to, to con- 
cern, &c. 

diarecx^cj, fut. diareixto-o), &c. (from 
did, through, and reixi^o, to draw 
a wall, to fortify). To draw a 
wall across, to obstruct with a 
wall. 

diareMa, w, fut. diareMao, &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and tcaso, 

■ to complete). To finish, to accom- 
plish. — To continue, to persevere, 
to remain. Connected with a par- 
ticiple, it expresses the continua- 
tion of a state or condition ; as, 
diareAti ttolCjv, I continue doing. 
diarcAei e^ov, he continues having. 

diarepvu, fut. diareuio, &c. (from 
did, through, and reuvo, W cut). 
To cut through, to split, to divide, 
to sever. 

diaTTjpecj, cj, fut. diarnprjcu, &c. 
(from did, thoroughly, and rypiio, 



AIA 
to keep). To observe, to preserve, 
to keep. 

diariSyui, fut. dia-&7Jao, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and Ti&nfit, to 
place). To dispose, to arrange, 
to set in order, &c. 

diaTptyo, fut. diad-peTpcj, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and Tpe<p(o, to 
nourish). To nourish, to support, 
to bring up, to provide for. 

diarplSij, yc, y (from dierplSyv, ?d 
aor. pass, of diarpiBio). Delay, 
time spent in, a mode of life, abode, 
sojourn, occupation, zealous appli- 
cation. — A place of amusement, 
sport, conversation. — ryv diarpi- 
6yv noieicr&ai, to abide. 

diarplBio, fut. diarpiipcj, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and rpiBw, to 
spend, &c). To abide, to tarry, 
to pass time, to live, to spend 
time. 

diarpocpy, yc, y (from diarpeoo)). 
Support, nourishment. 

diarvirou, u, fut. diarvKuau, perf. 
diarervTTUKa (from did, thorough- 
ly, and tvttou, to make an impres- 
sion). To farm, to fashion, to 
figure, to represent. 

diavyyc, eg (adj. from did, thoroughly, 
and avyy, splendour). Brilliant, 
splendid, bright. 

diaQdyo (obsolete form, from which 
comes dieduyov, as a 2d aor. to 
dieo-&iu). To eat through, to bite 
through, to bite severely. 

diatpuvr/c-, tc (adj. from did, thorough- 
ly, and (baivouai, to appear). 
Transparent, clear, bright, mani- 
fest. 

diafyepovToe (adv. from diacpepu, to 
excel). Conspicuously , especially, 
in an especial degree, remarkably. 

diacpepo, fut. dioiau, &c. (from did, 
through, and (pepu, to bring, &c). 
To bring or carry through, to car- 
ry. — To differ from another. — To 
surpass, to excel, to be eminent, to 
be different. 

dia<pei>yu, fut. mid. dia<pcvt;ouai, &c. 
(from did, through, and <bevyu, to 
flee). To flee through, to flee 
across, to escape. 

dia<pd-eipo), fut. dia^d-epib, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and <j>&eipu, to 
441 



AIA 
destroy). To ruin totally, to de- 
stroy, to corrupt. 

dia<p/ieycj, fut. diacpXi^o), perf. dia- 
ne(j>2,exa (from did, thoroughly, 
and (p\iyo, to burn). To burn 
completely, to consume, to burn 
through. 

dia<j>opd, dg, tj (from dia(f>epu, to dif- 
fer). A difference, an alteration, 
a change. — A controversy, a feud. 

didcpopog, ov (adj. from diafepo, to 
differ). Different, distinguished, 
remarkable, eminent, excelling. 

diatyvf], t)c, 7] (from diapvo), to grow 
between). An interval. — A vein, 
a seam, in mining. 

diatyvTidcao, fut. dtatyvTidtjo), &c. 
(from 6cd, thoroughly, and (pvXda- 
<7(o, to guard). To preserve, to 
watch over carefully, to guard ef- 
fectually, to watch, to observe nar- 
rowly. 

diaxaivu, fut. diaxdvw, &c. (from 
did, thoroughly, and x a ' LV( *>, to 
gape). To open the mouth widely, 
to gape widely, to gape. 

dtdxpvGoc, ov (adj. from did, thor- 
oughly, and xpvcoc, gold). Gild- 
ed over. 

didaoKciXelov, ov, to (from diddaKa- 
Xoc). A school, a place of instruc- 
tion. 

didaondTuov, ov, to (from diddana- 
2,oc). The fee of a teacher, pay 
for instruction. 

diddaiidXoc, ov, 6 (from diddanco). A 
teacher. 

didddKO, fut. didd^u, perf. dediduxa. 
To teach, to instruct. — In the mid- 
dle, to cause to be instructed. 

didvp-aroKog, ov (adj. from didvfiog, 
twin, and t'iktu, to bring forth). 
Bringing forth twins, the mother 
of twins. 

Aidvuoi, uv, oL 1. The Twins, the 
constellation Gemini. — 2. A place 
in the vicinity of Miletus, in Asia 
Minor, where Apollo (hence sur- 
named Didymseus) had a celebra- 
ted temple and oracle. The priests 
who served here were called Bran- 
chidae. 

dtdvuoc, ov (adj. from dig, twice). 
Double, twin. — As a noun, didv- 
uog, 6 and r\, a twin child. 
442 



AIH 

Aid6, 6og, contr. ovg, ij Dido, 
daughter of Belus king of Tyre, 
and wife of Sichseus. After the 
murder of her husband by Pygma- 
lion, she fled with a few followers 
and founded Carthage in Africa. 

didoui, fut. ddxjo, perf. dsdoica, 2d 
aor. sduv, perf. pass, dsdouai, 1st 
aor. pass, hdo-d-nv. To give, to 
bestow, to permit, to grant, to as- 
sign, to deliver. 

dieipyo), fut. -eip^u, &c. (from did, 
between, and sipyu, to separate). 
To separate between, to divide, to 
keep apart. 

dle^eiui, fut. -F.icop.ai, &c. (from 
did, completely, and ega/ii, to go 
forth). To go altogether out of. 
— Hence, to pass through, to trav- 
erse, to go over. — To read over, 
to narrate. 

die^epxoiiai, fut. -sTtevGOuai, &c. 
(from did, completely, and ktjepxo- 
uai, to go out of). To go com- 
pletely out of. — To go through, to 
pass over, to come forth. 

dis^odog, ov, i] (from did, completely, 
eg, out, and odog, a way). A pas- 
sage out, a way through, an issue, 
an exit. 

diepyd&pai, fut. -aaouat, &c. (from 
did, completely, and kpyd^ouai, to 
achieve). To perfect, to accom- 
plish. — To destroy. 

dispxo/iai, fut. -eTievaofiai, &c. (from 
did, through, and epxouai, to go). 
To go through, to cross over. — To 
go over in mind, to consider. — To 
narrate, to treat. 

dievKplvso), ti, fut. -Xvrj(jG), perf. dinv- 
Kpivnua (from did, thoroughly, and 
evuplvia), to arrange in order). 
To arrange accurately, to examine 
into for the purpose of arranging, 
to discuss. 

ditx^t f ut - -£&■>, &c. (from did, asun- 
der, and ££G), to have or hold). To 
divide, to open, to cleave. — As a 
neuter, to stand asunder, to be dis- 
tant, to be apart, to extend. 

dinysouai, ovfiai, fut. -nyf/uouai, 
&c. (from did, through, and riyeo- 
uai, to lead). To lead through. — 
Hence, to relate at length, to re~ 
count, to declare. 



AIK 

diTjyrjfia, uroe, to (from Sinyeofiai). 
A narration, a recital. 

Sitjku, fut. -t/£;g), &c. (from Sid, 
through, and rjnu, to come). To 
come through, to traverse, to reach 
through, to extend to. 

Sinvenf/c, ec (adj. from Sid, through, 
and f/venf/c, extended). Extended 
throughout, continuous, uninter- 
rupted, perpetual. — Persevering. 

Siiarnp-i, fut. SiaaTfjaco, &cc. (from 
dtd, asunder, and larv/ui, to place). 
To separate, to put asunder, to 
cause dissension. — As a neuter, 
to be distant, to be at varioMce. — 
SieoTnuoc, distant. 

Si/cdfa, fut. -dacj, perf. SeSindtta 
(from Sinn, justice). To render 
justice, to judge, to pronounce 
sentence, to decide. — In the mid- 
dle voice, to cause justice to be 
rendered to one's self, to go to 
law. 

SinaioXoyia, ac, rj (from SiKaioXoyeo, 
to plead a cause). A pleading of 
one's cause, pleading in self-de- 
fence, justification. 

SiKaiortpdyiu, u>, fut. -tjgg), perf. Se- 
SiKaiOKpaynna (from Sinaioc,just, 
and npdoou), to do or act). To do 
what is just, to act justly. 

Sinaioc, a, ov (adj. from Sinn, jus- 
tice). Just,, upright. — 6 Sinaioc, 
the Just, an epithet of Aristldes. 
— Tvapd to Siicaiov, contrary to 
justice. 

Sinaioavvv, nc, tj (from Sinaioc). 
Justice. 

Sinaiuc (adv. from Sinaioc). Justly, 
with reason. 

Sinaar'npiov, ov, to (from Sind^co, to 
pronounce sentence, with ending 
rrjpiov, denoting place). A place 
where sentence is pronounced, a 
judgment- seat, a tribunal. 

SiKaarf/c, ov, 6 (from Siku^o, to pro- 
nounce sentence). A judge. 

SinelXa, nc, tj. A mattock, a pick- 
axe, a spade. 

Slav, nc, rj. Justice, right, a suit or 
action at law, penalty, punishment, 
atonement. — Adverbially, Kara Si- 
kvv, or Sinnv (Kara understood), 
after the manner of, like, answer- 
ing to the Latin instar. 



AIO 

Ainn, nc, rj. Dice, one of the three 
Hours, goddess of justice. 

AiKratoc, a, ov (adj.). Dictcean, of 
Dicte, an epithet of Jupiter, from 
Aiktv, Dicte, a mountain in Crete 
where he was concealed from his 
father Saturn. 

Si/nnvoc, ov (adj. from dig, twice, and 
firjv, a month). Of two months, 
two months old. 

Sifxop<poc, ov (adj. from Sic, twice, 
and uop<p?i, a form). Having a 
double form, of a double form, of 
the mixed nature of two. — Of a 
mixed nature. 

Sio (conj. for 6Y o, from Sid, on ac- 
count of, and 6, which). On which 
account, wherefore. — Therefore, on 
this account. 

Aioyevnc, eoc, contr. ovc, 6. Dio- 
genes, a celebrated Cynic philos- 
opher of Sinope. 

Aioftev (adv. from Aide, gen. of 
Zevc, Jupiter, with ending -&ev, 
denoting motion from). From 
Jupiter. 

Sioikeu, C), fut. -f/ct), &c. (from Sid, 
thoroughly, and olneu, to manage). 
To regulate, to administer, to dis- 
pose, to direct, to govern. 

SiomnTTig, ov, 6 (from Sioikeu). An 
administrator, a director, an over- 
seer. 

Aiofif/Snc, eoc, 6. Diomedes. 1. 
Son of Tydeus and Dei'phyle, was 
king of JEtolia, and one of the 
bravest of the Grecian chiefs in 
the Trojan war. — 2. A king of 
Thrace, who fed his horses with 
human flesh. 

Aiovvoioc, ov, 6. Dio?iysius, a cel- 
ebrated tyrant of Syracuse, raised 
to that rank from the station of a 
private citizen. 

Aiovvcoc, ov, 6. Bacchus. 

Siorrep (conj. for Si' onep, on account 
of which). Wherefore, on which 
account, whence. — Therefore. 

Siop-dou, d, fut. -6(jo, perf. Siup-&u- 
Ka (from Sid, thoroughly, and bp- 
■&6g), to straighten). To make 
straight, to rectify, to restore, to 
re-establish, to repair, to rem- 
edy. 

Siopifa, fut. -leu, &c. (from Sid, be- 
443 



twecn, and optfa, to limit). To 
set limits between, to bound, to 
separate, to divide. 

diopvcco, fut. -vijcj, &c. (from did, 
through, and bpvaaio, to dig). To 
dig through. 

dcog, a, ov (adj. contr. from di'iog, 
from Aiog, gen. of Zevg, Jupiter). 
Properly, of or from Jupiter. — 
More commonly, divine, godlike. 
— Illustrious, distinguished. 

AiocKOvpot, ov, oi (from Aiog, gen. 
of Zevg, Jupiter, and novpoi, Ion. 
for Kopoi, sons). Dioscuri, or sons 
of Jupiter, an epithet of Castor and 
Pollux. 

Score (for dia brt, on which account). 
Wherefore. — On this account, be- 
cause, therefore, that. — As an in- 
terrogative, wherefore ? why ? 

Siorpe(f>r}g, eg (adj. from Aiog, gen. 
of Zevg, Jupiter, and rpetyo, to 
bring up). Brought up by Jupi- 
ter, Jove-nurtured. 

Aiotyov, uvtoc, 6. Diophon. 

SiirXai;, aKoc, r) (from die, twice, 
and 7rAaf, a fold). A double 
robe. See note on page 161, 
line 66. 

SiTrXdaid^o, fut. -dao, perf. SeSmr- 
Tiaoiana (from SnxTiuaiog). To 
double, to redouble. 

Sircldaiog, a, ov (adj. from dig, twice, 
and TrTirjaioc, equal). Twice as 
much, double. 

dinXoog, on, 6ov, contr. ovg, fj, ovv 
(adj. from Sic, twice, and ttXeco, 
an old form of 7tXeko, to fold). 
Twofold, double. — Hence, ample, 
spacious. 

diwovg, ovv, gen. -nodog (adj. from 
6ig, and novg, afoot). Two-foot- 
ed, biped. 

dig (numeral adv.). Twice, double, 
in two parts. — Separately. 

dicKog, ov, 6 (from dlneiv, to fling). 
A discus, a quoit, a disk. 

diaaog, r), ov, and Att. dirrog, f), ov 
(adj. from dig, twice). Double. — 
Two, in the plural. 

diGxftloi, at, a (num. adj. from dig, 
twice, and x'i^ LOi t a thousand). 
Two thousand. 

di<j>pog, ov, 6 (contr. from dicpopog, 
from dig, double, and (f>spo, to bear). 
444 



AOA 
Primitively, a chariot seat holding 
two persons. — A double seat, a 
seat, a throne. 

dityvTjg, eg (adj. from dig, double, and 
<pvrj, nature). Of a double, nature, 
of a twofold nature. 

dixnlog, ov (adj. from dig, in two 
parts, and xrfkr], a cloven foot). 
Cloven-footed, with cloven hoofs, 
two- toed. 

diipu, r/g, r). Thirst. — Longing. 

di'ifido), o, fut. -r)ao, perf. deditpnua 
(from diipa). To thirst, to be 
thirsty. — To long for. 

dia, imperf. ediov, perf. mid., with 
signification of the present, didta 
(an old epic form for deido). To 
fear, to be afraid, to flee. A pe- 
culiarity of this verb is, that the 
active voice is always employed 
by Homer to express the intransi- 
tive signification, while the tran- 
sitive one is expressed by the 
passive form, diofiai, inf. dieodat, 
subj. diouai, to cause to flee, to 
frighten away, &c. 

diuyfidg, ov, 6 (from diono). Pur- 
suit, prosecution, persecution. 

diuKu, fut. -cj£w, perf. dedioxa. To 
put in motion, to pursue, to pros- 
ecute, to expel. 

diotjig, eug, i] (from diono). Pur- 
suit, prosecution. 

diopvt;, vxog, rj (from did, through, 
and bpvaco, to dig). A canal, a 
trench. 

dfiof), fjg, r} (fern, ofd/xog, from ddfido, 
to subject). One reduced to sub- 
jection, a female slave. — A maid- 
servant, a female attendant. 

doio, dual indecl., and doioi, doiai, 
doid plural (an Epic form of dvo). 
Two, both. 

doneo, d, fut. -7/co, and do^o, perf. 
didoxa, perf. pass, dedoy/uai. To 
think, to be of opinion, to appear, 
to seem, to suppose, to pretend. — 
Impersonal, doKEt, 1st aor. edo^s, 
&c, it seems good, it pleases, it 
appears, it seems fitting (with the 
dative). 

doKog, ov, r). A beam. 

dollog, a, ov (adj. from dolog, a strat- 
agem). Cunning, crafty, artful, 
deceitful. 



APA 
dojioc, ov, 6 (from defio, to construct). 
A building, an edifice, a house, a 
mansion, 
dova!;, &koc, 6 (from doveo, as it is 
easily shaken by the wind). A 
reed. 
Soveu, €>, fut. -yea, perf. dedovnua. 
To bend, to agitate, to shake, to 
disturb, 
dotja, nc, r) (from doneo, to think). 
Opinion, notion, supposition, be- 
lief, fame, notoriety, glory; esteem, 
dopd, ac, r) (from dipcj, to flay). A 

skin, a hide. 
Sopudc, adoc, t) (from dedopua, perf. 
mid. of depKu, to see; from its 
quick sight). An antelope. 
Sbpixov, ov, to. Supper, the evening 

meal. 
66pv, doparoc, Ion. dovpdroc, contr. 
dovpoc. A spear. — Poetic plural, 
dovpa, gen. Sovpuv, &c. 
dopii(j)6pog, ov, 6 (from 66pv, and 
<j>epo, to carry). A spearman, a 
soldier of the body-guard, 
docic, eve, r) (from didofzc, to give). 

A gift, a present. 
dovXevo, fut. evao, perf. SedovXevKa 
(from dovloc, a slave). To be a 
slave, to serve. 
dovXn, nc, rj (from dovTioc). A female 

slave. 
dovTCioc, ov (adj. from 6ov2,oc). Of 
slavery, servile. — 6ov?nov yfiap, 
the day of slavery. 
dovTioc, ov, 6 (from deo, to bind). A 

slave, 
dovloco, G), fut. -6gq, perf. deSovXo- 
Ka (from 6ovloc). To enslave, to 
subjugate. 
Sovtcoc, ov, 6 (akin to ktvttoc, from 
tv7ttg), to strike). A heavy sound, 
clash, clangour, noise. 
Aovpcg, tdoc, 6. Duris, an historical 

writer, a native of Samos. 
dpanuv, ovroc, 6 (from dpaKuv, 2d 
aor. part, of Sep/to), to see ; from 
the piercing sight assigned by the 
ancients to their fabled dragon). 
A dragon, a serpent. 
Apaicav, ovroc, 6. Draco, an Athe- 
nian lawgiver, who lived B.C. 623 ; 
he was noted for the extreme se- 
verity of his laws. 
Spa/Ma, aroc, to (from dpao), to act). 
Pp 



ATN 
An action, a representation of an 
action, a play, a drama. 

dpdireTTjC, ov, 6 (from dtSpdcuoi, 
dpdcj, to run away). A runaway 
slave, a fugitive. 

dpaiTETtdag, ov, Doric for dpdirsTL- 
dnc, ov, 6 (from the same). A 
runaway slave, a runaway. 

dpaafioc, ov, 6 (from didpdcniu, to 
run away). Flight, escape. 

dpaxt-crj, ijc, rj (from Spdaacj, to grasp 
with the hand). Primitive mean- 
ing, a handful (i. e., of oboli, the 
term obolus being here used in its 
primitive meaning of a spike). — 
Hence, a drachma, an Athenian 
coin worth seventeen cents, five 
mills. 

dpdo, fut. dau, perf. Sedpdica. To 
do, to be active. — To perform, to 
deal with. 

dpejrdvov, ov, to (from dpirvu, to 
break off). A sickle, a scythe, a 
curved sword, a goad. 

6pl[j.v7i0c, ov (adj. from dpljxvc, 
sharp). Somewhat sharp, pain- 
ful, pungent. 

dpojxaloc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
dpojiog). Of ox for running, run- 
ning, on a run. 

dpojudc, adoc, (adj. from 6p6/noc). 
Used, for running, swift of foot, 
fleet. 

6p6[ioc, ov, 6 (from dedpofia, perf. mid. 
of obsolete dptfio, assigned to 
Tpex u i io run)- Running, the 
course, a race-course, a chase.— 
"nrirov dpdfiog, a day's journey on 
horseback. 

Spococ, ov, y. Dew. 

Apvac, avroc, 6. Dryas, the name 
of the father and of the son of Ly- 
curgus, king of Thrace. 

Spvfioc, ov, 6 (from dpvc). A forest, 
a wood. — Poet, plural, rd 6pv[j.d. 

dpvc, voc, r). An oak tree, a tree 
(of any kind). 

dvvdfiac, fut. -yaoficu, perf. 6e6vvrj- 
/Ltat. To be able, to have power, 
I can, to avail, to be worth, to 
mean. 

dvvdficc, euc, r) (from dvvajxcu). 
Power, ability, influence, force, 
efficacy, worth. — In the plural, ai 
dvvduetc, forces, troops. 

445 



ATS 

dvvacTeid, ag, v (from dvvaarEvo). 
Authority, government, rule. 

dvvaoTEvu, fut. -evoo, perf. dsdvvdc- 
Tevica (from dvvdarng). To exer- 
cise sovereign power, to govern, to 
rule over. 

dvvdarrjg, ov, 6 (from dvvdftac., to be 
powerful). One who possesses 
sovereign power, a sovereign, a 
lord, a despot, a ruler. 

dvvdrog, rj, ov (adj. from dvva/xat, to 
be able). Having ability, able, 
capable, powerful, influential. — 
ug dvvarov, as far as possible, as 
much as possible. 

dvo and dvo, nom. and accus. dual ; 
gen. and dat. dvolv, Attic dvelv ; 
plural, dvo, dvov, dvoi, dvo. Two. 

dvcdftpopoc, ov (adj. from dvg, a nega- 
tive particle, here used intensively, 
and d/j./j.opoc, unhappy). Very un- 
fortunate, ill-fated. 

dvoeidsid, ag, rj (from dvoEidrjg). 
Deformity, unsightly appearance, 
ugliness. 

dvcEidr/g, ec (adj. from dvg, a negative 
particle, and Eldog, appearance). 
Of an unbecoming appearance, 
ill-favoured, deformed, ugly. 

dvoEicdolog, ov (adj. from dvg, de- 
noting difficulty, and daboki}, an 
irruption). Difficult to enter, dif- 
ficult of access, impregnable. 

dvaiXiKToc, ov (adj. from dvg, deno- 
ting difficulty, and eXiggo, to roll). 
Difficult to unravel, much involved, 
complicated. 

dvosf-odog, ov (adj. from dvg, denoting 
difficulty, and stjodog, a departure). 
From which a departure is difficult, 
inextricable. 

dvotpyoc, ov (adj. from dvg, a negative 
particle, and Ipyov, labour). Slow 
in working, inactive, sluggish. — 
Laborious, toilsome. 

dvarjjiEpia, ag, rj (from dvGTjfiEpeo, to 
have ill success). Ill success, 
misfortune. 

dvadvfxia, ag, rj (from dvofivfiog, de- 
jected). Dejection, despondency, 
despair. 

dvoig, eog, 37 (from dvvo, to go doion). 
The setting (of the sun), sunset. — 
The west. — A descent. 

ivoKapTeprjTog, ov (adj. from dvg, 
446 



ATS 
with difficulty, and Kaprepio, to 
endure). Difficult to endure, in- 
supportable. 

SvcfKdTdvoTjTog, ov (adj. from dvg, 
with difficulty, and Karavoso, to 
comprehend). Difficult of compre- 
hension, unintelligible. 

SvaKdraTcoXefj-nTog, ov (adj. from dvg, 
with difficulty, and KarairolEfiE'o, 
to conquer in war). Hard to sub- 
due, unconquerable. 

dvGiiadrjg, £g (adj. from dvg, with 
difficulty, and fid&elv, 2d aor. inf. 
of jxav&dvo, to learn). Slow to 
learn, learning with difficulty. 

dvcfiaxog, ov (adj. from dvg, with 
difficulty, and jj.dxop.aL, to contend). 
Hard to contend with. 

dvofMEvrjg, ig (adj. from Svg, denoting 
aversion, and fihog, mind). Ill- 
disposed, hostile. 

dvcrurj, 77c, 17 (poet, for dvGtg, from 
dvvo, to go down.). Sunset, the 
west. — Descent. 

dvauopog, ov (adj. from dvg, a nega- 
tive particle, and p.6pog,fate). Ill- 
fated, unfortunate, wretched. 

dvoijvfiBoXog, ov (adj. from dvg, with 
difficulty, and £,vu&dXko, Att. for 
ovu6dXXo, to hold intercourse). 
Difficult to have dealings with. — 
Difficult to confer with. 

dvcoinnTog, ov (adj. from dvg, with 
difficulty, and o'lkeo, to inhabit). 
Difficult to be inhabited, uninhab- 
itable. 

dvcTrd'&EO), o, fut. -ijGO, perf. dedvo- 
TcddnKa (from dvana-&rjg, suffering 
severely). To suffer severely. — 
To be impatient. 

Avonapig, Idog, 6 (from dvg, a priva- 
tive particle, and Hdptg, Paris), 
Ill-fated Paris. 

dvGnei&og (adv. from dvGrei&fjg, 
stubborn). Stubbornly, reluctant- 
ly. 

dvcrcEpilnirTog, ov (adj. from dvg, 
a negative particle, and nepi- 
2,a/i6dvo, to enclose). Difficult 
to encompass. — Hard to under- 
stand. 

dvamoTug (adv. from dvomoTog, in- 
credulous). Incredibly, mistrust- 
fully. 

dvanopog, ov (adj. from dvg, with dif- 



AGP 
ficulty, and nopog, a passage). 
Difficult to pass. — Difficult. 

dvorroTfioc, ov (adj. from 6vg, a neg- 
ative particle, and rroTfiog, fate). 
Ill-fated, unhappy. 

dvornvoc, ov (adj. from 6vc, a nega- 
tive particle used intensively, and 
OTevu, to groan). Wretched, mis- 
erable, unfortunate. 

dvcrrvxELj, w, fut. -ijau, perf. SeSvg- 
rvxv Ka (from dvarixng, unlucky). 
To be unhappy, to be unlucky. 

6va<popeG), u, fut. -ijao), perf. dedvc- 
(popntca (from dvctyopog, insupport- 
able). To be heavily afflicted, to 
bear impatiently, to grieve. 

Svax^tfiepoc, ov (adj. from dvc, used 
intensively, and ^£i|Ua, winter). 
Extremely cold, very inclement. 

dvaxepatvco, fut. -pdvu, perf. SeSva- 
Xepayna (from dvax^pvc)- To be 
unable to endure, to abhor, to be 
averse to. 

dvcxepfic, ic (adj. from dvq, with 
difficulty, and^etp, a hand). Awk- 
ward in doing a thing, clumsy. — 
Offensive, vexatious. — Opposing, 
contradictory, morose, disagreea- 
ble, &c. 

6vo, dvtiv, &c, poet, for 6vo (num. 
adj.). Two. 

dvu and Svvu, fut. dvao), perf. 6idv- 
Ka, 2d aor. edvv, and middle, with 
the same signification, dvouac, &c. 
To go into or under, to enter, to 
go beneath, to set, to go down. 

dvodenarog, n, ov (num. adj.), poet, 
for dudeKarog. The twelfth. 

dudeica (indecl. num. adj., contr. 
from dvo, two, and dena, ten). 
Twelve. 

SudendToc, v, ov (num. adj. from 
dudeica). The twelfth. — Neuter 
singular as an adverb, dudeicaTov, 
twelfthly. 

AtjduvLc, Zdoc (adj.). Dodonean, of 
Dodbna, a town of Eplrus, where 
were a grove and oracle of Jupiter. 

du/ua, drog, to (from 6ep.u, to build). 
An edifice, a house, an abode. 

duped, ac, r) (from dupov, a gift). 
A gift, a present. 

dupedv (adv., properly ace. sing, of 
doped). As a gift, gratis. 

dupeo/iai, ov/iac, fut. -fjcjofiac, perf. 



Err 

dedcopn/nai (from dupov, a gift). 
To bestow upon as a gift, to give. 

Aoplevc, eug, 6. A Dorian. 

Aupig, cdog (adj. used only in the 
feminine). Dorian. — As a noun, 
with yvvr) understood, a Dorian 
female. — With yr) understood, Do- 
ns, a small district of Greece, sit- 
uate to the south of Thessaly. — 
Also, Doris, a goddess of the sea, 
daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. 

dupov, ov, to (from Sou, root of ded- 
uct, to give). A gift, a present. 



hdv, Att. fiv (conj. contr. from el and 
dv), mostly with the subjunctive 
mood. If, in case, whether. — hdv 
fir], unless, if not, except. 

eap, dpog, to, contr. rjp, fipog, to. 
The spring. 

iavTov, ijg, ov (reflex, pron., nomina- 
tive wanting). His own, her own, 
its own, of himself, of herself, &c. 
Used often by the Attics also for 
the first and second persons. 

edu, u, imp. elcov, fut. edtrco, perf. 
nana. To permit, to allow, to 
suffer, to leave, to give up, to let 
go, to forbear. 

edov ; see note un page 165, line 55. 

£6do[i7]KovTd (num. adj. from e6do[iog, 
with numeral suffix). Seventy. 

e66ofj.og, n, ov (num. adj. from ettt6, 
seven). The seventh. — Neuter 
sing, as an adverb, eddofiov, sevr 
enthly. 

e6evog, ov, ij. Ebony. 

iyyiyvo[iat, fut. hyyevf)ao[iai, &c. 
(from kv, in, and yiyvofiat, to be 
born). To be born in. — Perf. 
mid. kyyeyda. 

kyyifa, fut. laco, perf. ip/ylna (from 
eyyvg, near). To draw near, to 
approach. 

eyyovog, ov, 6. A grandson. — A 
descendant. 

kyypd<pu, fut. -ypdipu, &c. (from kv, 
in, and ypd(pu, to write). To en- 
rol, to inscribe, to register. 

eyyvdu, co, fut. -fjcu, 1st aor. kveyvn- 
c~a, perf. kyyeyvyna (from eyyvy, 
surety). To give as security, to 
pledge one's self, to promise, to 
deliver. — To betroth. 

447 



ErK 

iyyv&ev (adv. from kyyvg, with ter- 
mination t9ev, denoting motion 
from). From near, close by, 
near. 

kyyvg, (adv.). Near, at hand. — 
Soon. — Comparative eyyvrepo and 
eyytov, nearer. — Superlative ky- 
yvrdrcj and eyyicra, nearest, next. 

kyelpo, fut. -epti, perf. r/yepua, with 
Att. redupl. kyqyepKa, perf. mid. 
kyprjyopa, with the signification of 
the present. To awaken, to ex- 
cite, to arouse, to animate. 

eyKadevdo, fut. -evdijao, &c. (from 
kv, in, and na&evdu, to sleep). 
To sleep in, to lie down upon. 

eynaleo), £>, fut. -KaTieou, &c. (from 
kv, upon, and icatew, to call). To 
call upon. — To summon, to prose- 
cute, to accuse, to reproach, to in- 
culpate. 

kyKa.AV7rT0), fut. -vipo), &c. (from kv, 
in, and KalvnTw, to hide). To 
hide in, to envelop. — In the middle 
voice, to hide one's self in any- 
thing, to conceal one's self. — To 
envelop one's self. 

eyKaprepio, o>, fut. -yeo, &c. (from 
kv, in, and naprspeu, to be firm). 
To persist firmly in, to endure, to 
hold out, to persevere. 

kyKaraTieiiro, fut. -Xeiipo, &c. (from 
kv, in, and KaTaXei^u, to abandon). 
To leave behind in, to abandon in, 
to leave, to desert. 

eynavfia, arog, to (from kyKaio, to 
imprint by burning). The print 
of a burn, a brand, a burn. 

iynei/uai, fut. -eioofiat, perf. wanting 
(from kv, in, and Kelpai, to lie). 
To lie in. — To be intent upon, to 
press upon, to insist, to urge. 

kyucTievcj, fut. -evau, &c. (from kv, 
on, and KeXevo, to urge). To 
call on in order to excite, to en- 
courage. 

kyuecpakog, ov, 6 (from kv, in, and 
Kecf)d2,y, the head). The brain. 

kyn7ir]fjia, aroc, to (from kyuaXko, to 
accuse). An accusation, a charge, 
a reproach. 

kyuTuvu, fut. -kXXvu, &c. (from kv. 
on, and k?uvo>, to bend). To lean 
upon, to bend down, to incline, to 
give a slant to. 
448 



EAA 
eynllatg, eoc, y (from kyalivu). An 
inclination, a bend, oblique direc- 
tion, 
kyuoveo, G>, fut. -you, perf. kyuenov- 
rjKa (from kv, in, and kovic, dust). 
To be covered with dust from 
speed. — Hence, to make haste. 

kyKparua, ag, 7] (from kyupaTrjg). 
Self-control, moderation, absti- 
nence. 

kyuparrig, kg (adj. from kv, in, and 
upcLTog, power, control). Having 
power over, possessed of, continent, 
temperate, moderate. 

kyKpvTTTo, fut. -wjjo), perf. kyuEupviba 
(from kv, in, and npimru, to con- 
ceal). To conceal in, to cover. 

ky/cupiafa, fut. -aau, perf. ky/ceKUfu- 
ana (from kyK.up.iog). To praise. 

kyK.6p.iog, ov (adj. from kv, in, and 
Kufiog, a festive assembly). Per- 
taining to festivities at which the 
praises of heroes were sung. — 
Hence, celebrating in song or with 
music, &.c, panegyrical. — In the 
neuter, kyKu/xcov, ov, to (with l7roc 
understood). A song in praise of 
any one, encomium, praise, a eu- 
logy. 

kyxctpldtov, ov, to (from kv, in, and 
X^Pi the hand). A handle, a dag- 
ger. — Primitive meaning, any- 
thing taken in the hand. 

kyxeipifa, fut. -law, perf. kyicexeip- 
lua (from kv, in, and x^Pi the 
hand). To place in the hands. — 
To deliver, to consign, to intrust. 

eyx^vg, vog, Att. eug, y. An eel. 

kyxkco, fut. kyxtvau, &c. (from kv, 
into, and x™, to pour). To pour 
into one vessel from another. — To 
pour into, to pour out, to fill up. — 
1st aor. kvexea. 

kyx&piog, ov (adj. from kv, in, and 
X&pa, a country). Born in a coun- 
try, native, indigenous. — ol kyx&- 
pioi {av&pwKOi understood), the 
inhabitants of a country. 

kyco, gen. kfiov and jiov (pers. pron.). 
/. — In Attic, with enclitic ye for 
emphasis, eyuye, I at least, I for 
my part. 

kyuv, poet, for ky6, used before a 
vowel. 

edatyog, eog, to (from edog, a basis). 



EIA 

That on which anything rests, a 
foundation.— The ground. 

ideo/ua, tiroc, to (from Zdu, to eat). 
Food, victuals. 

kdnrvc, voe, r] (from edu, to eat). 
Food. — Feasting. 

edvov, ov, to (used only in the plu- 
ral). Plural edva, Ionic eedva, rd, 
bridal presents. 

Hoc, eoc, to (from e^ojiai, to sit 
down). A szat, a dwelling, an 
abode. 

edu, fut. edeau and edofiai, perf. kd- 
rjdona, aor. act. in use is eCodyov, 
from the obsolete ddyo, perf. pass. 
edr/dscfLCu, 1st aor. pass. r)6eo-&rjv. 
To eat, to devour, to consume. 

kdudr), r)c, r) (from edu). Food, vic- 
tuals, feasting. 

kdudljiog, ov (adj . from kdudr}). Ed- 
ible, good for food. 

eeltteiv, poet, for e'ltteiv. 

kipyu, poet, for elpyu. 

edofiai, fut. tdovfiai, perf. wanting, 
1st aor. eC,ea-&rjv. To seat one's 
self, to sit down, to sit. 

k-&e?iu, fut. kdeTirjoo, perf. i)-&e"kr)Ka. 
To will, to wish, to feel inclined. 

M((w, fut. kdlou, perf. el&tica (from 
e&oc, custom). To accustom, to 
habituate. — As a neuter, to be 
wont, to be accustomed. — Perf. 
pass., with the signification of the 
present, el-&icfiai, I am wont. 

£-&voc, eoc, to. A nation, a people. 

e&oc, eoc, to (from t&u). Habit, 
custom, usage. 

Bw, the pres. used only in the part. 
Mwy. To be wont. — Perf. mid., 
with the signification of the pres- 
ent, elu&a, I am wont. — Kara to 
eio-froc, according to custom. — ua- 
Tvep elude, as is customary. 

el (conditional particle). If, wheth- 
er, joined with the indicative and 
optative in Attic writers, but in 
the epic writers with the subjunc- 
tive also. — With the indicative it 
signifies since, and when followed 
by yap, oh that ! would that ! — 
et nai, although. — el [if), unless. 
-~-eItic, if any one, also used for 

80T£C. 

elap, apoc, to, poet, for lap. Spring, 
eldog, eoc contr. ovg, tq (from eldu, 
Pp2 



EIK 
to see). The look, aspect, exteri- 
or, form, figure, appearance. 

eldcj. To see. — An old verb, from 
which eldov, I6e, Idot/it, &c, re- 
main in use as aorist to opdu. — In 
the middle, eldofiai, 1st aor. elod- 
finv. To be seen, to appear, to seem. 

eld(o (present always used in the sig- 
nification to see). Tenses from it 
with the signification to know, &c, 
fut. eldijo-u, more commonly elao- 
fiai, perf. (from yiyvuoKcj) eyvuna. 
— Perf. mid. ol6a, I have compre- 
hended, and, consequently, I know, 
thus acquiring the force of a pres- 
ent, while the pluperfect ydeiv 
takes the signification of the im- 
perfect, I knew. — Perf. imp. I0S1, 
opt. eldeirjv, subj. eldti, inf. elde- 
vai, part, eldug, via, 6g. 

eidohov, ov, to (dim. from eldoc, a 
form). An image, a statue, a 
representation. 

eld-e (from el, a particle of wishing). 
Oh that ! would that ! joined with 
the optative mood, and with the 
aorist indicative. 

elttdfa, fut. -aoo, perf. eiKatca, Att. 
^/ca/ca, perf. pass. eiKacfxai, Att. 
riKao-pai (from e'ikoc). To make 
like, to liken. — To compare, to 
conjecture, to represent. — In the 
middle, to liken one's self, to as- 
sume a form. 

eluelog, ov (adj. from e'lkoq). Like, 
resembling. 

e'ikoc, otoc, to (neut. of eIkuc, part 
of eoiKa, perf. mid. of the obsolete 
elko). That which is like, that 
which is probable, what is right, 
the natural, the reasonable. — uc 
e'lkoc, as is natural, as is the cus- 
tom. 

eiKoot (num. adj.). Twenty. 

eltcooiTeo-o-apee, a (num. adj. from 
eiKoai, and Te<yoapeg,four). Twen- 
ty-four. 

eIkogtoc, t], ov (num. adj. from e'cko- 
ol). The twentieth. 

e'ikotuc (adv. from e'ikotoc, gen. of 
eluoc). Justly, rightly, properly. 

eIkcj, fut. Eitjo), perf. et^a. To yield, 
to give way. 

etKo, obsolete in the present, fut. 
ei^cj, perf. mid., with a present 
U9 



EIN 
signification, loina, pluperf., with 
the signification of the imperfect, 
eukslv. To be like, to resemble, 
to appear, to seem. — socks (used 
as an impersonal), it seems, it is 
fit. — Perf. part. koiKug, Att. ekwf, 
resembling, like. 

eln6v, ovog, rj (from duo). A like- 
ness, an image, a delineation, a 
statue. 

TZlTuei'&via, ag, %. Ilithyia, called 
also Lucina, the goddess who pre- 
sided over childbirth. 

eiMnovg, ovv (adj. from slTiu, to roll, 
and irovg, the foot). Bent-footed, 
i. e., rolling the feet in walking ; 
an epithet of oxen, from their pe- 
culiar manner of walking, owing 
to their joints being more loosely- 
set than those of other animals. 

elXu, more commonly eITieo, fut. ei- 
Xyao) and eXgg), 1st aor. eXaa, 
perf. pass, esl/uai, aor. pass, ka- 
Taiv, inf. aknvai, part, dXsig. To 
roll up, to press together, to con- 
fine, to shut up. 

Elhuryg, ov, 6. A Helot. The 
Helots were so called from Helos, 
a town of Laconia, which was 
taken by the Spartans, who re- 
duced the inhabitants to slavery. 

elfia, arog, to (from eifiai, perf. pass. 
of evvvfit, to clothe). Clothing, a 
garment. 

etfiapfihov, ov, to (neut. of el^apfie- 
vog, Att. for. fxejuapfiivog, perf. 
pass. part, of pecpo/bcat, to obtain 
by lot). A decree of destiny, des- 
tiny, fate. 

eijui, fut. eao/utat, imperf. mid. rjfjtrjv. 
To be, to exist, to live. — ova eotl, 
it is not possible. — eo&' ore, some- 
times, at times. 

eI/j.o, imperf. rfEiv, fut. mid. eloofiai, 
2d aor. act. lov and poet, fjiov. To 
go, to go on a journey, to travel. — 
eig x EL P aQ tivai, to come to an en- 
gagement, to join battle. 

elv, poet, for hv. In, &c. 

eivaTEpsg, o>v, ah. A husband's 
brothers' wives. 

elvarog, poet, for swaTog. The 
ninth. 

elvEKa, poet, for hena. On account 
of, &c, 
450 



EI2 

slttov, inf. eltteIv, part. eIttuv (2d 
aor. of the old verb eitto), not in 
use), assigned as aorist to (py/xi. 
To say, to speak, to utter. 

EtTtep (conj. from et and irsp). If 
however, although, even though. 

eItto-&i (adv. from el, if, and tto'&i, 
anywhere). If anywhere. 

Etpyo), fut. slp^o), perf. slpxa. To shut 
in, to enclose. — But dpyco, with le- 
nis, to shut out, to keep off from, to 
forbid, to prevent, to restrain. 

slpsGld, ag, y (from kpEGau, to row). 
Rowing. 

elpyvy, ng, ij. Peace. — As a proper 
name, Irene, one of the three hours, 
goddess of peace. 

slprjVLKtig (adv. from slpyvinog, peace- 
able). Peaceably, in peace, qui- 
etly. 

ElpKTij, rig, 7j (from slpyu, to confine). 
A place of confinement, a prison. 

cig (prep., governs the accusative 
only). To, into, relating to, with 
respect to, on, on account of, for, 
against. — In the relations of time 
eig signifies towards, for, during, 
at. — With numerals it signifies 
about, as many as, to the number 
of. — Frequently sig is joined with 
the genitive, where some noun is 
understood ; as, sig "AiSov, supply 
ScJ/xa ; eig rd brriao), backward ; 
sig tovto (with the genitive), to 
such a degree of. 

sig, fiia, ev (num. adj.). One. 

eiadya, fut. -dt-a, &c. (from sig, to, 
and dyo, to bring). To lead into, 
to introduce, to bring forward. 

EicrSaivo, fut. -B^co/iac, &c. (from 
eig, into, and ftaivo, to go). To 
go into, to enter, to go on board. 

EiaBaTCXo), fut. -6a Aw, dec. (from sig, 
into, and (SaTtXo, to throw). To 
throw into, to rush upon, to make 
an irruption, to invade. — To dis- 
charge itself, to empty. 

eladvu and Etodvvo, fut. Etadvaco, 
&c. (from sig, into, and Svo, to 
go down). To go down into, to 
creep into, to descend into. — Middle 
voice, EcodvouaL, &c, with the 
same signification. 

eIgeiSov, inf. Elaidstv, &c. (from Eig, 
into, and eISq, to look), assigned as 



£IT 
2d aor. to elaopdu. To look into, 
to gaze at, to behold. 

elaeifii, &c. (from etc, into, and 
elfjLL, to go). To go into, to enter, 
to come into. 

elaepxojuac, fut. eiaekevaoiiai, &c. 
(from elc, into, and epxo/xat, to 
come). To come into, to enter, to 
go into, to pay a visit. 

eloetl (adv. from elc, into, and etc, 
still). Unto a still longer time, 
still farther, yet longer,' still, be- 
sides. 

slanyiofiat, ov/iai, fut. -vyr/<70fiai, 
&c. (from elc, into, and rjykop.ai, 
to lead). To lead forth into, to 
bring forward, to introduce, to 
propose, to induce. 

elarjyTjrfjg, ov, 6 (from elavyiofcac). 
One who brings forward, a pro- 
poser, an introducer, an inventor. 

eloodoc, ov, T) (from elc, into, and 
666c, a path or way). A way into, 
an entrance. 

eIgoke, Doric for eioona (poetic for 
elc 6 he). Till, until, as or so 
long as. 

slaopao), £), fut. in use elctoipofiai, 
&c. (from eIc, into, and opdco, to 
look). To look into, to see into, to 
behold, to gaze upon. 

elaop/j-L^o), fut. -op/uiTO), perf. Etaup- 
fiina (from eIc, into, and 6p[ii&, to 
bring to a harbour). To bring a 
ship into port. 

Ecaoepo), fut. Ecaolau, &c. (from elc, 
into, and (pipco, to bring). To 
bring into, to bring in. — To intro- 
duce, to propose. 

sla^opEO), u, fut. -ijao), &c. (from 
elc, into, and ^opeo, a form of 
Qepu, to bring). To bring into, to 
store up, to collect. 

eioxeu, fut. etaxevau, &c. (from Etc, 
into, and _^ew, to pour). To pour 
into, to pour out, i. e., into another 
vessel.— In the middle, to pour it- 
self into, to empty into, to flow into. 

eIgcj (adv. from elc, into), and ecu. 
Within, into, to. 

Etra (adv.). So then, thereupon, thus 
then, therefore, next. 

Eire (conj. from el and te). Whether. 

— ecte eIte, whether .... 

or, as .... as-, either or. 



EKB 

eItlc, neuter eIti (from ei, if, and 
rig, any one). If any one. 

ek, before a vowel ef (prep., governs 
the genitive only). Out, out of, 
from,, away from, beyond. It is 
employed in the relations of time, 
place, and cause or origin : ] st. 
As to the place, out of, from the 
interior of, which supposes that 
one has been inside of, whereas 
aiTo means from near, from the 
vicinity of. 2d. As to time, ef ov, 
from the time that, since, after 
tchtch ; ek 'koXKov, long since, for 
a long time. 3d. The cause, &c. 
Through, by means of, by. In 
composition it denotes out, away, 
forth, utterly, completely, &c. 

'H,na6n, rjc, i). Hecuba, daughter of 
Dymas, according to Homer, but, 
according to others, of Cisseus ; 
and wife of Priam, king of Troy. 

EKaaroc, n, ov (adj.). Each, every, 
every one. 

EK.6.OT0TE (adv. from EKaaroc). Each 
time, every time, continually. 

snaTEpoc, a, ov (adj. from Ettdc, sep- 
arate). Either of two taken sep- 
arately, each one, one or ether, 
both. 

EKarepu-&£v (adv. from EKarepoc). 
From either side, on both sides. 

EKdri, Doric for ektjtl. By the fa- 
vour of, by the pleasure of, on ac- 
coicnt of. 

£KdTOft6-n, nc, rj (from ekutov, a hun- 
dred, and (3ovc, an ox). A heca- 
tomb, properly, a sacrifice of a hun- 
dred oxen or victims ; a solemn 
sacrifice. 

EKaro/xTTvlog, ov (adj. from ekq,t6v, 
a hundred, and nvXr}, a gate). 
Hundred-gated, having a hundred 
gates. 

EKdrov (num. adj. indecl.). A hun- 
dred. 

ek&togtoc, rf, ov (num. adj. from 
huarov). The hundredth. 

£K6acvo), fut. -dr/oojuai, &c. (from 
ek, out, and (Salvo, to go). To go 
forth from, to disembark, to descend 
from. 

EKbdXkn, fut. -6aAw, &c. (from ek, 
out of, and fidTCku, to cast). To 
cast out of, to discharge from. — 
451 



EKE 

To drive forth, to eject, to expel, 
to banish. 

iKSidpuGKU, fut. EKSpuGto, &c. (from 
etc, completely, and /Jifywa/cw, to 
eat up). To devour completely, to 
consume utterly, to eat up. 

enSoau, €>, fut. -Botjgu, &c (from ek, 
out, aloud, and fiodto, to cry). To 
cry out aloud, to proclaim, to call 
aloud for, to make loud proclama- 
tion for. 

ekSoTu), f/c, i] (from EKBaXku). A 
discharge, the mouth of a river. 

€tcye?iuo), £), fut. -ye^aau, &c. (from 
in, out, aloud, and yeMo), to laugh). 
To laugh aloud, to laugh out. 

sKyovoc, ov, 6 (from enyiyvofxai, to 
be born of). Offspring, a descend- 
ant. 

eitdepu, fut. -depti, &c. (from ek, 
completely, and dspo, to flay). To 
flay completely, to strip the hide 
completely off. 

kicdixouai, fut. -6e^op.at (from ek, 
from, and dixouac, to receive). 
To receive from, to succeed to, to 
expect — To stretch away, to ex- 
tend. 

ktcdeo), fut. -drjGio, &c. (from ek, 
from, and dio, to fasten). To 
fasten from, to bind to. 

e/coTdda/co), fut. -diddt-u, &c. (from 
ek, thoroughly, and dcdaGKo, to 
teach). To teach thoroughly, to 
instruct carefully, to inform 
fully. 

£k616(j>[JLL, fut. EKdoGO), &C. (from EK, 

away, and diduui, to give). To 
give away, to yield up, to publish. 

ekSiuko), fut. -6lu^o), &c. (from ek, 
out, and Sluko), to drive). To drive 
out, to put to flight, to pursue. 

ekovo) and ek6vvu, fut. dvooi, &c. 
(from ek, out, and Svu, to come). 
To come forth out of, to appear, to 
step out. — To put off, as armour, 
to undress, i. e., to come out of 
one's armour or clothes. 

ekeZ (adv.). There, in that place. 

EKEid-ev (adv. from ekeZ, with ending 
■&ev denoting motion from). From 
that place, thence, thenceforward, 
from the following circumstance. 

kKeivoe., n, o (pron.). He, she, it. — 
This, that. — Primitive meaning, 
452 



EKA 

that person or thing there, the 
root being ekeX. 

EK&Epifa, fut. -IGG), perf. CKTEtieplKa 

(from ek, completely, and dsp^u, 
to mow). To mow down, to reap. 
— Also, to gather in the crop. 

EK$vrjoKu, fut. --&avovuai, &c. (from 
ek, completely, and -&vt/oko, to die). 
To be quite dead, to perish. — Also, 
to lie as dead. 

EK&opEG), o), fut. -iJGo, perf. EKTS&Sp- 
?]Ka, 2d aor. k^opov (from ek, 
from, and ftopsw, a later form for 
-d-pucKo, to leap). To leap from, 
to spring up from. 

EKKati-aipo, fut. -Ka&apG), &c. (from 
ek, thoroughly, and Ka-Q-aipu, to 
cleanse). To cleanse out thorough- 
ly, to eviscerate. — To purify : with 
rbv (3iov, to purify life, i. e., to 
free it from everything lawless and 
violent. 

EKKatdsKa, (num. adj. indecl. from 
£%, six, Kai, and, and de/ca, ten). 
Sixteen. 

EKKdTiEO), 6>, fut. -EGO, &C (from EK, 

out, and koXeu, to call). To call 
out, to summon forth, to convoke. 

EKKakvTtTU, fut. -VlpO, &C. (from EK, 

off, from, and KaXv-KTu, to cover). 
To uncover, to unveil, to expose, 
to disclose, to reveal. 

ekkuuvg), fut. -Kafiovaai, &c (from 
ek, out of, through, and Kauvu, to 
toil). To toil through, to be wea- 
ried out. 

EKK£iuat,{ut. -KEtGouat, &c. (from EK, 
out, and KEiuai, to lie). • To lie ex- 
posed, to lie open, to be public. 

EKK?i7]Gia, as, t) (from ekkuXecj, to 
convoke). An assembly of the 
people convoked by heralds, a 
public assembly. 

ekk?iIvu), fut. -kTuvC), &c. (from ek, 
from, and kXIvcj, to bend). To 
bend from a straightforward course, 
to turn to one side, to go out 
of the way, to give way, to in- 
cline. 

£KKoui£a>, fut. -law, &c. (from ek, 
out, and Kouifa, to carry). To 
carry out for interment. 

£/cAdyi£7rcj, fut. -2,duipo, &c (from ek, 
out, and 2,d/nro), to shine). To shine 
out brightly, to shine brilliantly. 



ekii 

ktc?iav&avti), fut. -2,rjG0), &c. (from 
ek, totally, and Aav&dvu, to cause 
to forget). To cause total oblivion. 
— In the middle, to forget com- 
pletely. 

£K?i£i7ro), fut. -Xeiipcj, &c. (from ek, 
out, and leiizu, to leave). To 
leave out, to omit. — To leave be- 
hind, to forsake. — As a neuter, to 
disappear, to die. — In the middle, 
to be inferior to, to cease. 

ek2,voj, fut. -2,vgg), &c. (from ek, 
from, and Ivo, to loose). To loose 
from, to release, to soften, to dis- 
solve. — To wear out, to exhaust. 

EKvfjdo), fut. -v7Jipto, &c. (from ek, 
from, and vrjtyo), to be sober). To 
become sober, i. e., from having 
been intoxicated. 

IkovgIoc, a, ov and oc, ov (adj. from 
£kg)v, willing). Voluntary, of 
one's own accord, spontaneous. 

kaovaiuc (adv. from ekovgloc). Vol- 
untarily, willingly, spontaneously. 

eKiTEfj-Tcu, fut. -7re/j,ipu, &c. (from ek, 
out, and TV£p.7vo), to send). To 
send out, to send away, to send 
forth to battle, to dismiss. 

k/arepifro), fut. -irepaco, &c. (from ek, 
totally, and Tvsp'&o), to destroy). 
To destroy totally, to suck. 

EKTVETUVVVpi, fut. -TVETUGO), perf. EK- 

TvervkTaKa, syncopated into ektvetv- 
rcLKa, perf. pass. EKTVEivrdpac, 1st 
aor. pass. E^£TreTda-&nv (from ek, 
out, and Tvsrdvvvpi, to spread). 
To spread out, to unfold, to ex- 
pand. — To open, to untioine and 
cast away. See note, page 175, 
verse 43. 

EKTVETTG) and EKTVEGGG), fut. -TVElpO) 

(from a form tvetvtoj), &c. (from 
etc, thoroughly, and ttetto, to cook). 
To cook thoroughly, to hatch. 

EKirriyvvfii, fut. -nrjija), &c. (from ek, 
firmly, and Tvrjyvvpt, to fasten). 
To join or fasten firmly, to con- 
geal, to freeze, to benumb. 

EKTvnddo, £), fut. -TjGU, &c. (from ek, 
forth, and nnddo, to spring). To 
sally forth, to spring forth from, 
to rush out of 

ektvltvtg), fut. --Keaovfiai, &c. (from 
ek, out of, and tvitvtg), to fall). 
To fall out of , to be banished from, 



EKS 

to escape from, to rush forth, to 
proceed from, to spread abroad, to 
be imparted to. 
ekttXeu, fut. -iv2.Evnofj.ai, &c. (from 
ek, out of, and ttXeoj, to sail). To 
sail out of, to sail away. 

£KTv2,7jt;lC, £0)C, 7] (from £KTv2\.rjGG0)). 

Sudden terror, consternation, awe. 
ektvXtjggo), fut. -ivlrjtji), &c. (from 
ek, completely, suddenly, and tv2.t)g- 
goj, to strike). To strike with 
sudden alarm, to terrify, to throw 
into consternation, to stun. 

EKTVVEG), fut. -TVVEVGO), &C (from EK, 

forth, and tvveo), to breathe). To 
breathe forth, to expire, to die, i. e., 
to breathe forth life. 
ekttoSuv (adv. from ek, from, and 
Tvodcbv, gen. pi. of tvovc, the foot). 
From before the feet. — Hence, out 
of the way, apart, away. — ektvo- 
ddv iroLELG&ai, to put out of the 
way, to despatch, to remove. 

EKTVo2.Ep.6oi, 0), fut. -UGiO, perf. EK7VE- 

Tvo2.Ep.ojKa (from ek, completely, 
and Tvo2.Ep.6o), to make war). To 
involve in war, to arouse to open 
war, to exasperate, to embroil. 

EKTVOVEG), O), fut. -TV0V7JGG), &C. (from 

ek, out, and tvoveo, to work). To 
work out, to produce by labour. — 
Hence, to adorn, to beautify. 
EKTvpETvijc, ec (adj. from ektvpetvoj, to 
excel). Excelling, illustrious. 

EKTVVpOO), 0), fut. -d)G0), perf. EKTVETVV- 

pojKa (from ek, completely, and 
ivvpoo), to set on fire). To set all 
on fire, to wrap in flames, to de- 
stroy by fire. 

EKpEG), fut. EKpEVGopbai, Attic 2d aor. 
k^Eppv7/v, &c (from ek, out, and 
/6ew, to flow). To flow out of, to 
flow away. — To slip out of, to es- 
cape. 

EKplm^o), fut. -cgo), &c. (from ek, 
completely, and pliri^o), to fan or 
blow). To fan or blow into a 
flame, to rekindle. — To revive. 

EKpiTvro), fut. -pv\\>oi, &c. (from ek, 
off, and piivTO), to cast). To cast 
off, to fling away. 

£Kgo6sg), o), fut. -goBtJgg), perf. ek- 
GEGoSnKa (from ek, away, and go- 
6eo), to drive.). To drive away, 
to frighten away. 

453 



EKT 

EKaraatc, euc, y (from k^caTy/xt, to 
displace). A displacing, disorder. 
— Mental distraction, alienation, 
insanity. 

ekteivcj, fut. -revcj, &c. (from e/c, 
out, and reivu, to stretch). To 
stretch out, to extend. 

kuTTjuu, fut. -rrj^oi, &c. (from e/c, 
away, and ttjko, to melt). To 
melt away, to dissolve. — To con- 
sume. 

£KTi-&rjfxt, fut. EK-d-yau, &c. (from e/c, 
out, and Tid-y/ii, to place). To 
put forth, to expose. 

ektivcj, fut. -tIoio, &c. (from e/c, off, 
and rlvu, to pay). To pay off, to 
repay, to atone for, to pay. 

eKTo&i (adv. from ektoc, outside, 
with ending #£, denoting place 
where). On the outside, out of, 
without. 

kuToirifo, fut. -TOTztou), perf. ekteto- 
TrlKa (from ek, away from, and 
ro7rof , a place). To remove from 
one's usual abode, to retire, to de- 
part. 

'EtiTopsoc, rj Ion. for a, ov (adj. from 
"E/crwp, Hector). Of or belong- 
ing to Hector. 

'EKropZSqe, ov, 6 (patronymic from 
"E/crwp, Hector). Son of Hector, 
epithet of Astyanax. 

e/c roc (adv. from e/c, out). Outside, 
without, away from. — ij ektoc ■&&- 
"Kaaaa, the outer sea, i. e., the At- 
lantic Ocean. 

Zktoc, n, ov (num. adj. from e£ six). 
The sixth. — Neut. sing, as an ad- 
verb, ektov, sixthly. 

ektote (adv. from ek, from, and tote, 
then). From that time, since then, 
thence. 

EKTpETTO, fut. •TpSlpU, &C. (from EK, 

from, and Tpiiro), to turn). To 
turn away from, to avert. — In the 
middle, to turn one's self aside, to 
deviate. — To change one's form, 
to transform one's self. 

£KTp£<j)G), fut. --d-psipo), &c. (from e/c, 
completely, and TpEcpto, to bring 
up). To bring up from infancy, 
to nurture, to support. 

kKrpix^i fut. --&pit;o/j.ai, more com- 
monly -dpafiovfiai, &c. (from e/c, 
from, and rpe^w, to run). To run 
454 



EAA 

from, to rush forth, to spring 
forth. 

EKTpvfao, o, fut. -you, &c. (from 
e/c, completely, and Tpv<pdcj, to be 
given to pleasure). To be wholly 
given to pleasure, to be sunk in 
luxury, to indulge in luxury. 

EKTvfAou, £>, fut. -6oo), &c. (from 
e/c, completely, and tv^Xou, to 
blind). To make completely blind, 
to deprive wholly of sight. 

"E/cryp, opoc, 6. Hector, son of 
Priam and Hecuba, the most val- 
iant of all the Trojan chieftains. 
He was slain by Achilles in the 
tenth year of the war. 

EKvpd, ac, Ionic EKvprj, yc, y, A 
mother-in-law. 

£K(j)avll^o), fut. -Too, &c. (from e/c, 
completely, and tyavXifa, to de- 
spise). To hold in utter contempt, 
to despise. 

EK(pEp(o, fut. e^oco-u, &c. (from e/c, 
forth, and ^epw, to carry). To 
carry forth ox out, to bring for- 
ward, to produce. — To publish, to 
make known, to discover. — In the 
passive, -ofiai, 1st aor. E^yvix'&yv, 
to be carried forth, to be driven 
from the right course. 

EK(j>Evyo), fut. -Evgu, &c. (from e/c, 
from, and <j>£vyo, to flee). To 
flee from, to avoid, to escape. 

EKtyvTiaociG), and Att. -<j>v2,dTTu, fut. 
-a!jcd, &c. (from e/c, carefully, and 
(pvXdaaa, to watch). To watch 
carefully, to wait for. 

e/c^ew, fut. -xEvacd, &c. (from e/c, 
out, and xio, to pour). To pour 
out, to spill, to empty. — To waste. 

ekuv, ovoa, ov (adj.). Voluntary, 
willing, of one's own accord. 

Kkaid, ac, y. An olive-tree, an olive. 

£?,aiov, ov, to (from tTiaia). Olive 
oil, oil. 

ETiaaaou, w, fut. -d)oo), perf. rj'Xdooo- 
Ka (from hldaouv, less). To ren- 
der less, to diminish, to reduce, to 
depress. — In the middle, to render 
one's self less than, to be inferior 
to. 

'EMTEia, ac, y. Elatea, the most 
important city of Phocis next to 
Delphi, situated near the Cephi- 
sus. It is now called Elephta. 



EAE 

iAdrn, nc , ij. The pine-tree, the fir- 
tree. 

kXarrcoua, droc, to (from EAaTTou, 
to reduce). Reduction, diminu- 
tion, loss. 

£k&TTuv, ov, Att. for kTidacuv, ov 
(adj. from poet, sAaxvc, and as- 
signed as the irregular comparative 
to uucpoc). Smaller, less, worse, 
inferior, &c. 

iAavvu, fut. eAdaio, Att. eaCj, perf. 
fjAdna, and with Att. redup. EArj- 
Xdica (from the old verb eXdo, to 
urge onward). To drive, to press 
hard on, to put to flight. — To ad- 
vance, to ride, to proceed. — To 
beat out, to work (of metals). — eX- 
avvecv klJttvv, to pull an oar, to 
row. 

e?M(pog, ov, 6. A stag. 

klatypoc, a, ov (adj.)- Light, easy 
to be borne. 

elatypuc (adv. from EAatypoc). Light- 
ly, nimbly, gently, &c. 

khaXLOToq, rj, ov (adj., superl. of sAd- 
%vc, an old form ; it is assigned as 
the irregular superlative to uittpoc). 
Smallest, least, &c. 

kldxvc, ela, v (adj., an old poetic 
form for uiKpdc). Small, little, 
short, worthless. — From it are 
formed eldaauv and kXaxicToc, 
assigned as the irregular compara- 
tive and superlative to uinpoc.. 

iAau, an old verb rarely used in the 
present. From it the tenses of 
EAavvu are formed. 

EAsaipcj, fut. EAEdpu, perf. rfkkapKa 
(from eaeoc, pity). To pity, to 
take t pity on. 

kAeyEid, ac, rj, and eTieyelov, ov, to 
(from EAeyoq, an elegy). A poem 
in elegiac measure, an elegy, a 
poem. See note, page 119, line 10. 

lleyxog, ov, 6 (from eleyxu). A 
proof, conviction. 

e2,iyxo>, fut. eXeytjo, perf. fjAEyxa- 
To refute, to convict, to convince. 

eAeeivoc, f], ov (adj. from eAeoc , pity). 
-- Pitiable, exciting pity, affecting, 
sad, meriting compassion. 

eAeeu, £>, fut. eAetjgu, perf. rfkinna 
(from EAeoc., pity). To pity, to 
commiserate. 

i?.€!]voovvr], ng, 7} (from eTie^uuv, 



EAK 

compassionate). Compassion. — 
Alms, bounty. 

eaeioc, ov (adj. from eAoc, a marsh). 
Marshy, sivampy. 

eAeal^o), fut. eAeAi^cj, perf. nAeTuxa 
(poet, for eAlogo). To brandish, 
to cause to thrill, to quiver, &c. 

'~Eaevt}, vc, rj. Helena, daughter of 
Leda by Jupiter, and wife of Men- 
elaus, king of Sparta. She was 
the most beautiful woman of her 
age, and her abduction by Paris 
was the cause of the Trojan war. 

eaeoc, ov, 6. Pity, compassion, mer- 
cy. — Fem., the goddess of Mercy. 

eAevdepid, ac, 7) (from eAev-depoc). 
Freedom, liberty. 

iAevtiepoc, d, ov (adj. from eaev&u, 
an old form for ipxouat, to come 
and go). Free, i. e., having the 
right to come and go where one 
pleases. 

eAev&epoo), €>, fut. -uou, perf. tjAev- 
■frepuna (from eAeinDepoc). To 
free, to emancipate, to release, to 
liberate, to deliver. 

''EAevolvioc, a, ov (adj.). Eleusinian. 

'EaevoIvo&ev (adv. from 'JZAevoic, 
with ending -&ev denoting motion 
from). From Eleusis. 

'~E?.evaic, ivoc, -h. Eleusis, a city of 
Attica, equidistant from Megara 
and the Piraeus, and famed for the 
celebration of the mysteries of 
Ceres, called, from the place, 
Eleusinian. 

ekefyavTicTric, ov, 6 (from eaeioc). 
An elephant hunter. 

eAicpac, avroc, 6 and ij. The elephant. 
— Ivory. 

''Ealkuv, fivoc, 6. Heticon, a famous 
mountain in Boeotia, near the Gulf 
of Corinth, sacred to Apollo and 
the Muses. 

eAKea'nreTTAoc, ov (adj. from StAtco, to 
trail, and tcettAoc, a robe). Long- 
robed, whose garments sweep the 
ground. 

e"ak.7)$u6c, ov, 6 (from Zauo, to drag). 
A dragging away into captivity. 

eAkoc, eoc, to. A wound. 

eAkvcj, fut. -vau, perf. elAnvica (a 
later form for £aku). To drag, 
&c. 

2Akw, fut. 2/1£cj, perf. elAxa. To 
455 



EAIT 

draw, to drag, to pull along, to trail 
on the ground. — To drink. 

'E/Uac, adog, r). Hellas. The term 
was first applied to a city and 
region of Thessaly, where Hellen 
reigned, but afterward extended 
to all Thessaly, and finally to the 
whole of Greece, Thessaly itself 
excluded. Whence, in later wri- 
ters, 'EAAcc is to be translated 
Greece. 

"Elln, vg, 7]. Helle, daughter, of 
Athamas and Nephele, sister to 
Phryxus. She fled from her 
father's house with her brother, 
being carried through the air on 
a golden ram ; but in her passage 
she became giddy, and fell into 
that part of the sea afterward 
called from her Hellespont. 

"E/M^v, wvoc, 6. 1. Hellen, son of 
Deucalion and Pyrrha, king of 
Phthiotis, in Thessaly. — 2. A 
Greek. — ot "ETCKrjveg, the Greeks, 
so called as tracing their descent 
from the mythic Hellen. 

'EX/iqvinog, 7], ov (adj. from "EXknv, 
a Greek). Grecian, Greek. 

'Ellnvig, idoc, i) (fern. adj.). Gre- 
cian. 

'EXkifarcovrog, ov, 6 (from "EXlnc, 
of Helle, and tzovtoc, the sea). 
The Hellespont, a narrow strait 
between Europe and Asia, near 
the iEgean Sea. It is now called 
the Dardanelles. 

kXKlTrric, ic (adj. from eJikeiirti, to 
leave behind). Defective, imper- 
fect, wanting. 

kXTiox&G), Co, fut. -f]GO), &c. (from ev, 
in, and Tioxdo), to lie in wait). To 
lie in wait for in any place. — To 
lay snares for. 

eXku, the theme of elaai, teXfiaL, 
&c, assigned to elTio. See eVKu. 

Vioc, eog, to. A marsh, a wet mead- 
ow. 

eTnrifa, fut. -Too, perf. rjlmica (from 
eTnrig). To hope, to expect. 

kTiTiic, idoc, r). Hope, expectation. 

i2,7To, fut. e/tt/>w. To excite expecta- 
tion. — In the middle, £2,TT0fxai, fut. 
Zfapofiai, perf., with the significa- 
tion of the present, eolwa, pluperf., 
with the signification of the imperf., 
456 



EMM 

eu/XTxeiv. To have hopes raised in 
one's self, to hope. 

ekvfiog, ov, 6. Millet, a species of 
grain. 

eTivu, fut. eTivac), perf. eYkvKa, perf. 
pass. eWvfiai, 1st aor. pass. part. 
eTivcrd-eic. To roll up, to wrap up. 

elcodnc, eg (adj. from 'Hog, a marsh, 
and eldog, appearance). Marshy, 
swampy. 

kfiavTov, fig (reflex, pron., nom. want- 
ing, from efiov, gen. of eyto, I, and 
avrog, self). Of me myself, my 
own, mine. 

efj.6at.vcj, fut. -6rjoofiai, &c. (from ev, 
in, and fiaivo), to go). To go into, 
to enter, to ascend. — To embark, 
to go on board, to advance. 

efi6dXXo), fut. -6a2,ti, &c. (from ev, 
in, and fiaXku, to throw). To 
throw in, to lay upon, to inflict on. 
— To suggest, to excite in. — To 
discharge itself, to empty. — To 
make an irruption into. 

e/n6t6d£o, fut. -aao), perf. Ejj.6e6i6u.Ka 
(from ev, into, and (3i6a£o), to cause 
to go). To make enter, to cause 
to go on board, to put on board, to 
lead into. 

efi6t6( J ), c~>, fut. -cuo-o), &c. (from ev, 
in, and /3idw, to live). To live in. 

efi6o7irj, rjg, r) (from Efi6cxkXo), to rush 
into). An irruption, an invasion, 
an attack. 

e[i6p6vT7]Tog, ov (adj. from efj6povT<io, 
to strike with thunder). Thunder- 
stricken. See note on page 78, 
line 19-26. 

e[i6poxi&, fut. -tao, perf. efi6e6pox^Ka 
(from ev, in, and j3poxog, a hunter's 
net). To catch in a net, to ensnare. 

efJ.6v-&i^o), fut. -tao), perf. ep.6e6v$lK.a 
(from ev, in, and fiv&i^io, toplunge). 
To plunge in the deep, to submerge, 
to ingulf. — Perf. pass. part. kfi6e~ 
6v&iafjevog. 

e/ap,av7/g, eg (adj. from ev, deeply, and 
fj.aivofj.aL, to rave). Raving, fran- 
tic, furious. 

efjfieTirjg, eg (from ev, in, and ftsTiog, 
tune). In tune, melodious, modu- 
lated. — Tasteful, elegant, suitable. 

efjfj.eTicJg (adv. from efiUE^g). Har- 
moniously. — Neatly, wittily, prop- 
erly, in a becoming manner. 



emii 

tfifiivu, fut. -fievC), &c. (from kv, in, 
and fiivu, to remain). To remain 
in, to persevere in, to continue in. 

ififterpoc, ov (adj. from kv, in, and 
fierpov, measure). In measure, 
measured. — In metre, poetical. 

kfiui, Doric for elfiL 

kfiog, rj, ov (pronominal adj. from 
efiov, gen. of ky6, I). My, mine. 

k/iTra&rjg, eg (adj. from ev, in, and 
Tta&oc, strong feeling). With ex- 
cited feelings, deeply moved or af- 
fected, impassioned. 

e{nra-&£)c (adv. from k[ma.{rr]g). Tin- 
der strong excitement, ardently, 
zealously, deeply. — Comparative, 
kfrnd^earepov . 

tjUTrdXcv (adv. from ev, intens., and 
ndhiv, lack again). Backward, 
back again. — Anew. — Contrary. 

kfiTcdcato, fut. -Traco, &c. (from ev, 
on, and Tidooo, to scatter). To 
scatter upon, to sprinkle over. 

'EfnredonXrjc, eovc, 6. Empedocles, 
a philosopher, poet, and historian 
of Agrigenturn in Sicily, who flour- 
ished B.C. 444. 

efircnc, Ionic for kftrcag (adv. from kv, 
on, and nag, the whole). On the 
whole, however. 

kfimfzTrXnfii, fat. -ttTitJgg), perf. kji- 
izeTr'XrjKa (from ev, in, and rriu- 
nXnfiL, to Jill). To fill up, to fill. 

kflTTL-npyflL, fut. kftTCp^OCJ, perf. kuTCE- 

Trpnua (from ev, in, and Trirrprjjja, 
to burn). To kindle in aflame, to 
set fire to. 
kfiTriTrTO), fut. -Treaovuac, (from ev, in, 
and 7U7TT6), to fall). To fall in or 
upon, to meet with, to fall into 
the hands of, to plunge into. 
Efinteu, fut. -nXevaoftac, &c. (from 
ev, in, and ttXso), to sail). To sail 
in. 
ifi7T%rj-&(ji, fut. -ixXyacj, &c. (from ev, 
in, and 7tZ?/#w, to fill). To fill up 
in, to fill. 
efiTTodt^o), fut. -diao), perf. e/j.TceTr66l- 
ko (from ev, on, and tcovc, afoot). 
Literally, to fasten on the feet. — To 
shackle, to entangle, to impede. 
luTToduv (adv. from ev, among, and 
novc, a fool). Literally, among 
the feet. — Before the feet, in the 
wojy. 

QQ 



EN 

efiTCOieo, u, fut. -ijcru, &c. (from kv, 
in, and rroiecj, to work). To work 
in, to insert, to infuse, to produce 
in, to transmit. 

e/nrupevofiaL, fut. -evao/iai, &c. (from 
ev, about, in, and Tropevo/xai, to 
travel). To travel about in a 
country for trade, 'to travel as a 
trader, to traffic. 

efiiropiu, ac, i] (from epircopoc). Com- 
merce, trade, traffic. 

kfJLTtoplov, ov, to (from t/irropog). A 
market-place for goods, an empo- 
rium, a mart. — A storehouse. 

tfiTvopog, ov, 6 (from kv, upon, and 
Tvopog, passage to and fro). One 
who trades from place to place, a 
merchant. 

kftrrprj-d-o), fut. -ijau, perf. kfirreTzpriKa 
(from kv, on, and Trpij'&o), to burn). 
To place fire on anything to burn. 
— To set on fire, to burn. 

efnrpoo&ev (adv. from kv, in, and 
Tcpocr&ev, before), hi the forepart, 
before, in front, in the presence of. 

kfiTcpou-&iog, ov (adj. from kpirrpoa- 
■Qev). Anterior, fore. — k/j.-rcp6a- 
■&ioL TiSdeg, the fore feet. 

e/nrrvG), fut. kfiTTTvao, perf. kfiTceiT- 
Tvaa (from kv, in, on, and tctvu, 
to spit). To spit upon, to spit into, 
to spit into the bosom of. 

kfirrvKd^o), fut. -rrvKdoo), &c. (from 
kv, in, and rcvudfa, to cover over). 
To cover over in, to cover closely, 
to conceal carefully. 

kfiQpuaaG) and Attic kficppdrru, fut. 
-<j>pdt;o, &c. (from kv, in, and 
typdaco, to shut up). To shut up 
in, to enclose. — To stop up, to 
block up, to obstruct. 

efztpptov, ov (adj. from kv, in, and (pprjv, 
mind). In his right mind, ration- 
al, intelligent. 

efJ.(pv-og, ov (adj. from k/LMpvo). That 
is implanted, innate, natural, na- 
tive. — Ingrafted. 

kp.(j)vo), fut. -<j)v(jo), &c. (from kv, in, 
and <pvo), to produce). To produce 
in, to infuse into. — The perf. and 
2d aor. as neuter, to grow upon, 
to cling to. See note, p. 156, v. 
38. — Middle voice, to fasten one's 
self to, &c, same as the neuter. 
kv (prep.), governs the dative only. 
457 



ENA 

In, on, upon, at, among. — kv adov, 
in hades (Softy being understood). 
— kv "koyoiq elvai, to be in high 
repute, &c. — In composition, with 
verbs, it retains its usual meaning, 
in, &c, such verbs governing the 
dative. "With adjectives it denotes 
in, furnished with, having, con- 
taining, and may also be rendered 
by somewhat or the ending -ish. 

kvayiovioc, ov (adj. from kv, in, and 
iiydv, a combat). Engaged in 
combat, warlike, vigorous, ener- 
getic. 

kvaAiyncoc, ov (adj. from kv, intens., 
and aliynioe, like). Like in all 
respects, like. 

kvakloc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
kv, in or on, and a Ac, the sea). 
Maritime, naval, marine. 

kvaTCkdoau and Attic -aWdrru, fut. 
-aXkd£,u, perf. kvrjTJidxo. (from kv, 
intens., and dTiXdaoo), to change). 
To exchange, to trade, to barter, to 
alter. 

tpaXkofiai, fut. -dlovftai, &c. (from 
kv, on, and aKkop-ai, to leap). To 
leap upon, to leap in. 

kvdvTioc, a, ov (adj. from kv, on, and 
avTiog, in front of). On the part 
in front of, opposite, over against, 
in front. — Hostile. — As a noun, 
kvdvrioc, ov, 6, an enemy, an op- 
ponent. 

kvavritdc (adv. from kvdvrcog). In 
an opposite direction, adversely, on 
the other side. — kvavrtcoc kx tiV i to 
be opposed to. 

kvartoTidncd, fut. -?t,eiipa), &c. (from 
kv, in, and dTroXe'nrcj, to leave be- 
hind). To leave behind in, to aban- 
don in, to leave on the spot. 

kvd"KTu, fut. -dipo, &c. (from kv, on, 
and uttto), to fasten). To fasten 
on, to fit to, to attach to. 

hvapa, (ov, rd (from kvaipu, to kill), 
used only in the plural. Spoils 
taken from the slain, spoils. 

kvap/bt.6^0), fut. -apfioao, &c. (from 
kv, in, and dp/uo^o, to fit). To fit 
in, to join into, to adjust, to ar- 
range, to suit. 

ivdroc, n, ov (num. adj. from kvvta, 
nine), a better form than evvaroc. 
The ninth. 
458 



ENA 

kvavu, fut. -avow, &c. (from kv, in, 
and avo, to kindle). To kindle 
into a blaze, to set fire to, to set on 
fire. — To excite. 

kvderjc, ec (adj. from kv, intens., and 
deo), to want). In great need, 
needy, destitute, wanting, deficient 
in, insufficient. 

evdeta, ac, rj (from kvSerjc). Want, 
indigence, deficiency. 

kvdeiiivvfju, fut. -dei^cj, &c. (from kv, 
intens., and 6dKvvp.i, to show). 
To show clearly, to point out, to 
set forth, to prove. 

kv8e.Kdroc, n, ov (num. adj. from 
evdexa, eleven). The eleventh. — 
As an adverb, in the neuter, kvde- 
narov, eleventhly. 

kvds/iexvCj £f ( ac U-)- Holding out, 
permanent, constant. 

kvdixofj-ai, fut. -6e^ojiai, &c. (from 
kv, in, and dtxofiai, to take). To 
take or hold in, to receive, to ac- 
cept, to admit. — Impersonally, ev- 
dex^Tai, &c, it is practicable, it 
is lawful, it is usual. 

kvdicj, fut. -def/ao), &c. (from kv, in, 
and dio), to want). To be want- 
ing in, to be in need of. — In the 
middle, kvdeofiat, fut. kv6ef]co(iai, 
&c, to be in want, to suffer want. 

evSeu, fut. -dijao), &c. (from kv, on, 
and deo), to bind). To bind on, to 
fasten to, to fix upon, to enclose, 
to fetter. 

kvdetic (adv. from kvdeqc, needy). In 
want, insufficiently, defectively. 
— evdetic exetv, to stand in need 
of. 

kvdiarpWu, fut. -rpiipo), &c. (from kv, 
in, 6cd, throughout, and rpiSu, to 
pass). To pass one's whole life 
or time in, to continue, to dwell in, 
to stay. 

kvdidufii, fut. -6d)ao), &c. (from kv, 
into, and didofii, to give). To 
give up to, to yield, to permit, to 
submit. — To play or strike up (in 
music). 

evdoSi (adv. from evSov). Within. 

evdov (adv. from kv, in). Within. 

kvdo^oc, ov (adj. from kv, in, and 
66^a, renown). Renowned, glo- 
rious, illustrious. 

evdootg, eog, i] (from kvdidofj.i, to 



ENO 

yield). A yielding up, a surren- 
der, delivery. 

evdvua, drog, to (from evdvu). Any- 
thing put on, clothing, a garment, 
armour. 

evdvo) and -dvvu, fut. -dvco, &c. 
(from ev, into, and 6vto, to enter). 
To enter into, to go into, to put 
on. — In the middle, to dress one's 
self, to clothe one's self, i. e., to 
enter into one's clothes. 

kvidpd, ag, r/ (from ev, m,'and £6pa, 
a sitting). A sitting or lying in 
wait, an ambuscade, a reserve. 

evei/ni, fut. -eaouai, &c. (from ev, in, 
and el/ii, to be). To be in. — Im- 
personally, eveori and eve, &c, it 
is permitted, it is possible. 

'e'vEK.a (adv.), governs the genitive. 
On account of, for the sake of, be- 
cause of. 

hvepyeid, ac, rj (from ev, in, and ep- 
yov, work). Activity, operation, 
energy, striving. 

evepyeu, £>, fut. evepyrjao, perf. ev- 
7]pyr]Ka (from ev, in, and epyov, 
work). To labour in, to toil in, 
to perform. — To be active. 

evep&e (adv.). From below, beneath, 
under, below. 

'~Everoi, uv, ol. The Veneti, a peo- 
ple of Italy, in Cisalpine Gaul, 
near the mouths of the Po. They 
were fabled to have migrated 
thither from Asia Minor, under 
the guidance of Antenor, after the 
Trojan war. 

hvexio, fut. eve^u or evoxvov, & c - 
(from ev, on, and e^w, to hold). 
To hold or keep on, to holdfast to, 
to retain by, to detain upon. 

ev&a (adv.). Here, there, where, 
whither, of place. — Then, when, 
of time. 

ev&dde (adv. from ev&a, with ending 
6e, denoting motion to). To this 
place, hither. — Thither, there. 

ev&edi^o), fut. ev&edao), perf. kvre-&e- 
dKa (from ev, in, and ■&£&&, to in- 
spire). To inspire with a divine 
spirit. — In the middle, to be filled 
with a divine spirit, to be enthusi- 
astic, to be frantic. 

Iv&sv (adv.). Hence, thence, here- 
upon, whence. 



ENN 
kv&ovoidfa and kv&ovoidu, fi, fut. 
ev&ovaidocj, perf. evTe&ovaidna 
(from ev&ovg, divinely inspired). 
To be divinely inspired, to be en- 
thusiastic, to be filed with martial 

, f ury - 

ev&ovacaaTiKog, r], 6v (adj. from ev- 

■&ovcuifa). Filled with enthusi- 
asm, frantic. — Active, animating, 
inspiring. 

ev&vfieo^ai, ov/uai, fut. -rjoojiai, perf. 
evre^vfirjuat (from ev, in, and -&v- 
[xoc, the mind). To turn over in 
one's own mind, to revolve, to pon- 
der on, to consider, to reflect upon. 
— The active voice is seldom used. 

kv&vujjfta, drag, to (from kv&vpieo- 
fiai). Consideration, reflection, 
argument. 

kv&vuiog, ov (adj. from ev, in, and 
■&vp.6g, the mind). Taken into 
the mind, reflected on, considered, 
pondered on. 

evi for evegti, 3d sing. pres. indie, 
of eveifii. It is lawful, it is pos- 
sible, &c. 

hi, poetical for ev. In, &c. 

eviavaiog, ov (adj. from eviavTog). 
Recurring y arly, annual, for a 
year. 

eviavrog, ov, 6. A year. — err' evi- 
avTov and /car* eviavrbv, every 
year, yearly. 

hvlnfiL, fut. evrjca, &c. (from ev, into, 
and irjui, to cast). To cast into, 
to fling upon. — nvp eveivai, to set 
fire to. 

evloi, at, a (adj. from evi ol, there 
are those who). Some, certain. 

hvioTE (adv. from evi, for eveari, there 
is, and ote, when). There is a, 
time when. — Sometimes, at times, 
occasionally. 

evianov, imp. evicrre, subj. eviaircj, 
inf. kvio'KEiv, &c, assigned as 2d 
aor. to evveiro. See kvvelra. 

eviaau and eviTTTo) (a defective verb, 
used only in the present and aorist). 
The aorist has two forms, evevlirov 
and ■hv'nvd'Kev (used only in 3d 
pers. sing.). To chide, to upbraid, 
to revile, to rebuke, to reproach. 

"'Evvd, ng, rj. Enna, a city of Sicily, 
famed for the worship of Ceres. 
In the plains of Enna, Proserpina 
459 



ENT 

was sporting when Pluto carried 
her away. 

evvdroc, v, ov (num. adj. from ivvia, 
nine). The ninth. 

kvvia (num. adj. indecl.). Nine. 

evvevr/KOVTa (num. adj. indecl.). 
Ninety. 

evvettu and svettcj, fut. iviipu, more 
seldom ivtairr/o-co (from the obso- 
lete kviaTra)), 2d aor. without aug- 
ment, EvioTcov, subj. kvtGTTG), inf. 
evicireiv. To say, to speak, to 
utter, to tell, to declare. 

ivvrjuap (adv. from kvvia, nine, and 
■fjuap, a day). During nine days, 
for the space of nine days. 

evvotd, ac, 7) (from iv, in, and vovc, 
the mind). Thought, refection, 
consideration, a conjecture. 

ivvvfii, fut. ecu and eoato, 1st aor. 
'icaa, 1st aor. mid. ioadunv and 
iaaunv, perf. pass, eiuai (the sim- 
ple verb occurs only in poetry). 
To put on, to clothe one's self in, 
to cover one's self with. 

kvocK.ec), to, fut. -OLnrjOo, &c. (from 
iv, in, and oIkeo, to dwell). To 
dwell in, to inhabit. 

hvorrAoc, ov (adj. from iv, tn, and 
brcAov, a weapon). In arms, arm- 
ed, equipped. 

evopdo), C), fut. ivotpouac, &c. (from 
hv, in, and opdo, to see). To see 
in or on, to remark in, to perceive. 

ivopvv/M, fut. ivopao, perf. ivupua 
(from iv, in, and 6pvv[ii, to excite). 
To excite in, to arouse in. 

hvoxktu, 6), fut. -oxAtjcu, perf. iv£>x- 
Arjua (from iv, on, and 6x"Aoc, bur- 
den). To be a burden to or upon, 
to incommode, to disturb, to vex. 

ivaelo), fut. -celgu>, perf. ivGiaeiKa 
(from iv, on, and geIu, to shake). 
To shake upon, to thrust against, 
to push against. 

kvrav&a (adv.). Here, hither, there, 
thither, then, thereupon. 

h>Tsa, ov, rd (from evvv/lii, to put 
on), used only in the plural. Ar- 
mour, arms, weapons. 

evtecvu, fut. ivTEvci, &c. (from iv, 
in, and tecvu, to stretch). To 
stretch out in, to stretch across, to 
extend. — 'evteIveiv irAnydc, to in- 
flict blows upon. 
460 



ENT 

evteAAu, fut. -teAcj, 1st aor. hsrec- 
Aa, perf. ivTETaAna, perf. mid. iv 
TEToAa (from iv, on, and teAAu, 
to enjoin). To enjoin upon, to 
give a commission to, to command, 
to instruct. The middle voice 
has the same signification as the 
active. 

ivTEvd-Ev (adv. from iv&a, there, with 
ending -&ev, denoting motion from). 
From that place, thence, hence, 
therefore. 

ivTEVKTlKoc, 7), ov (adj. from ivrvy- 
Xavco, to address). Easily ad- 
dressed, affable, sociable. 

evtl, Doric for iari and elol, 3d sing. 
and 3d pi. of Etjxi, to be. 

ivTL-&vuL, fut. ivd-rjeo, &c. (from iv, 
in, and ri-Snui, to place). To 
place in, to introduce into, to de- 
posite, to impart to, to communi- 
cate. 

ivriuoc, ov (adj. from iv, in, and 
Tlur), honour). Held in honour, 
prized, esteemed, honoured. — Il- 
lustrious, "precious. 

evtoAt], rjc, 7] (from ivT£A?M, to en- 
join upon). An order, a com- 
mand, a charge. 

evtovoc, ov (adj. from evteivcj, to ex- 
tend). Extended, stretched out, 
strained. — Strong, powerful, vig- 
orous, firm. 

ivroc (adv. from iv, in). Within. 
— 7] ivrbg -&d?MGaa, the tuner sea, 
i. e., the Mediterranean. 

ivrpixo), fut. iv&piijouai, more com- 
monly ivdpauovuai, &c. (from iv, 
in, and rpixco, to run). To run 
in, to rush into. 

ivrpi6u, fut. ivrptyo, &c. (from iv, 
in, and rpiSu, to rub). To rub 
in or upon, to anoint with. — ivrpi- 
6elv xpuuara, to paint. — irTivyrjv, 
to inflict a blow. 

ivrpo-Kdli^ouai (a frequentative of 
ivrpsiTouac), used only in the 
present. To turn round often, to 
look back from time to time. 

ivrvyxdvu, fut. ivrevtjouaL, &c. 
(from iv, upon, and rvyxd-vu, to 
meet). To light upon by chance, 
to meet, to fall in with, to ac- 
cost. 

ivvrrvlov, ov, to (from iv, in, and vvr- 



ESA 

voe, sleep). A vision seen in 

sleep, a dream. 
1% (num. adj. indecl.). Six. 
eg (prep.), used before a vowel for 

EK. 

e§ayy&?iu, fut. k^ayye?M, &c. (from 
el; for e/c, abroad, and dyyilAcj, to 
announce). To announce abroad, 
to proclaim, to make known, to re- 
veal. 

EtjayopEvu, fut. k^ayopevco, &c. 
(from ef for e/c, abroad, -and ayop- 
riw, to publish). To publish 
abroad, to make known, to pro- 
claim aloud, to announce. 

eljayptou, w, fut. e$aypiucrc), perf. 
etj'nypioKa (from e|, completely, 
and dyptoco, to render icild). To 
render completely wild or savage, 
to exasperate. — In the middle 
voice, to be wild, to be ferocious. 

sf-dyo, fat. k^d^u, (fee. (from ef, out 
of, and aya>, to lead). To lead 
out of, to bring forth from, to fetch 
out. 

e^aLpecj, u, fut. H-aipfjGU, &c. (from 

e|, out, and aipeu, to take). To 

-take out, to take away, to deprive 

of, to destroy. — To take out of 

danger, to save, to rescue. 

ktjaipu, fut. e^dpu, &c. (from e£ out 
of, and alpu, to raise). To raise 
up out of, to lift up, to raise on 
high. — As a neuter, to raise one's 
self from the ground, to rise into 
the air. 

ktjaloLoc, ov (adj. from ef for etc, out 
of, and alca, fate). Exceeding 
the allotment of fate, immense, in- 
ordinate, vast, very great. 

kfjaLTeu, w, fut. k%aLTr]o-Ld, &c. (from 
e£ for e/c, from, and aireo), to ask). 
To ask from, to demand, to re- 
quest, to claim. 

kt;ai<j/vnc (adv. from e£, altogether, 
and alfvrjc, suddenly). All on a 
sudden, suddenly, rapidly, quickly. 

il;aiao[ivpLoi, at, a (num. adj. from 
eijdKtc, six limes, and /xvptot, ten 
thousand). Sixty thousand. 

e^dKiax^i-OL, at, a (num. adj. from 
efd/cic, six times, and x L ^ioi, a 
thousand). Six thousand. 

k^dKoaioL, at, a (num. adj.). Six 
hundred. 

Qq2 



eijdKOVG), fut. etjaKOvoo), &c. (from 
e£, from, and duovo), to hear). To 
hear from or of, to learn from 
hearsay, to hear. 
e^aXXdcau and efaA/larrw, fut. -dt-o, 
&c. (from ef, completely, and 
d?^?Maao), to change). To change 
completely, to alter. — To depart 
from, to differ from. — Perf. pass, 
part. etjn?J,ay{j.£voc, rj, ov, strange. 
e^dfiapTdvo), fut. k^dfiapTTjaojiai, &c. 
(from ef, completely, and dfiaprd- 
vw, to miss). To miss completely, 
to fail of. — To commit an offence, 
to fall into error, to injure, 
e^avd-io), Co, fut. etjav&fjoo), &c. 
(from ef, forth, and dv&eu, to 
bloom). To swell forth like an 
opening flower, to bloom forth. 
£$avtGT7]/j,i, fut. E^avaarrjao, &c. 
(from e£ for e/c, completely, dvd, 
up, and Igttj/llc, to place). To set 
up erect, to cause to arise, to 
arouse. — k^avearrjKa, perfect, I 
arise. — e^aveaTrjv, 2d aorist, I 
arose. — In the middle voice, to 
arise and go forth from, to depart 
from. 
k^dTTdrdu), d>, fut. E^dirdr^ao), perf. 
e^TjirdrnKa (from ef, completely, 
and dnardu, to deceive). To de- 
ceive completely, to betray. 
et-d-Lvaiuc (adv. from k%a-KivaZoc, 

sudden). Suddenly, unawares. 
E^dmvac, Doric for k^aTrivne, which is 
Ionic for ktjaiyvr/c. Suddenly, &c. 
Etjdiiovc, ovv, gen. -Trodoc (adj. from 
ef, six, and jrovg, a foot). Six- 
footed. 
eSdir-v, fut. E^dipo), &c. (from ef, 
from, and dizro, to fasten). To 
fasten from, to hang from, to at- 
tach to, to fit. — To set on fire, to 
kindle. — In the middle, to attach 
one's self to, to lay hold of. 
E^aprdu, €), fut. kgapT^trcj, &c. (from 
ef, out of or from, and dprdo, to 
suspend). To suspend from, to 
hang from, to append. — In the 
middle, to cause to depend on one's 
self, to attach to one's self. 
E^apxvc (adv. for ef dpxyc, from the 
beginning). From the first, anew, 
kgdpxu, fut. ^dp^u, &c. (from ef, 
from, and dpxo), to begin). To 
461 



ESE 

begin from the origin, to begin 
anew, to commence, to originate. 

efjeyeipo, fut. etjeyepti, &c. (from e£, 
out of, and eyeipo, to rouse). To 
rouse out of sleep, to wake up, to 
awake. 

Ztjecfit, &c. (from eg, out, and eI/lci, 
to go). To go out of, to go forth, 
to depart out of. 

etjeiTrov, imp. et-eine, inf. e^etTcelv, &c. 
(from e£, out, and elnelv, to say), 
assigned as 2d aor. to st-ayopevo. 
To declare openly, to reveal, to re- 
late, &c. 

ifrXavvo), fut. eZelacu, &c. (from 
ef, out, and e/iavvo, to drive). To 
drive out, to expel. — To lead forth 
an army, to advance. 

et-efieo), £), fut. e^eueau and e^ejur/ao), 
perf. ktJTjfxeKa (from ef, out, and 
e/xeo), to throw up). To vomit, to 
disgorge, to throw up. 

kt-evavriac (adv. for e£ kvavriac, with 
X&pac understood). From an op- 
posite quarter, opposite. 

ef-evapi£o), fut. e^evapi^o, perf. eij- 
evf/pixa (from e|, completely, and 
kvapi&, to despoil). To despoil 
completely. — To strip one of his 
armour. 

ef-eiriTqdee (adv. from e^, from, and 
kiriTTjdec, purposely). From set 
purpose, intentionally. 

etjepya&fxai, fut. e^epydaouai, &c. 
(from e£, out, and kpya£o/j,at, to 
work). To work out, to effect by 
labour, to elaborate, to accomplish, 
to study out. 

e^epevyo/Ltat, fut. e^epev^ofiai, perf. 
kZrjpevyjxai, 2d aor. aet. k^pvyov 
(from k§, forth, and epevyo/j,at, to 
belch). To belch forth, to pour 
out. — To discharge itself, to flow 
out (said of a river). 

et-epeco, contr. e^epcJ, fut. from an 
obsolete verb ktJEipto (from e£ out, 
and epeo, epd, I will say). I will 
declare openly, I will assert, I will 
mention. See kpeox, kpu. 

k^epxofiat, fut. e£j£%ev<70{j,ai, &c. 
(from ff, out of, and epxo/iat, 
to come or go). To come or go 
out of, to go forth, to depart 
from. 

£t;eoTi (impers, verb from etjeifu, not 
462 



E£0 

in use). It is lawful, it is per- 
mitted, it is possible. 

k^erd^o>, fut. k^eraau), Attic k^eru, 
perf. e^ram (from §£, completely, 
and eru^cj, to examine into). To 
examine thoroughly into, to put to 
the proof, to test, to try. — In the 
middle, to give proof of one's self, 
to display one's self among, to ap- 
pear. 

k&TaoLc, eoc, i] (from e^erd^o)). An 
examination, proof, a review of an 
army. 

e^evpio-KG), fut. k&vprjGo, &c. (from 
e£, out, and evpionu, to find). To 
find out, to invent, to discover, to 
contrive. 

efyyeopai, ovfiat, fut. -ijeofiac, perf. 
e^yijfiat (from e<f, out, and r)yio- 
fiai, to lead). To lead out of, to 
lead the way, to relate, to explain. 

E&novTa (num. adj. indecl.). Sixty. 

kt;7]/uep6(o, £>, fut. -&GCJ, &c. (from 
£f, completely, and qpepoG), to 
tame). To tame completely, to 
civilize. — To improve by culture, 
to cultivate (of land). 

k^fjc (adv. from ego), fut. of ex<>)). 
Next in order, in order, succes- 
sively, in a row. — r] el-yc rjfiepa, 
the following day. 

b^iriixt, fut. ktjijaa), &c. (from c£ out 
of, and Irjfii, to send). To send 
out of, to eject, to dismiss, to expel. 
— To take away, to allay. — ef epov 
evro, see note, p. 168, line 154. 

h^iKveofxaL, ovfiat, fut. etjiijouai, &c. 
(from ef, from, and cKvio/xai, to 
arrive at). To arrive at from, to 
come to from. — To attain. 

et-lTrrauai, fut. eK7rT7JoofJ,cu, &c. 
(from e£, away, and lirrafiai, to 
fly). To fly away. 

et-ioou, C), fut. k&G&Gu, perf. etjlou- 
Ka (from ef, completely, and icoio, 
to render equal). To make ex- 
actly equal, to equalize. — In the 
middle, to be equal. 

h&Tog, rj, 6v (adj. from s^eifxi, to go 
out) . A dmitting of a passage out, 
from which one can depart. 

etjoixo/iai, fut. -oixrjcrojLiat, &c. (from 
eij, out, and olxofiai, to go). To 
go out, to depart, to set off. 

efo/ceA/ta), fut. -o/ceAw, perf. e^keTi- 



ESO 

na (from eg, out of, and buellu, a 
form of tceAAo, to move). To move 
met of, to remove, to drive out. — 
As a neuter, to run upon shoals, to 
fall into, to decay. 

egofcV.eo, w, fut. -you, &c. (from kg, 
out of, and o/nlXeo), to associate 
with). To go out of one's usual 
society to associate with, to be in- 
timate with. — To confer with. 

egojuoiou, u>, fut. -ojiotuou, perf. eg- 
o/uoiiona (from eg, completely, and 
6/u.oLoto, to make like). To make 
exactly like, to assimilate. — In the 
middle, to resemble exactly. 

egoveidifa, fut. -lou, &c. (from eg, 
intens., and 6veidi£(j, to reproach). 
To reproach exceedingly, to revile, 
to abuse. 

egovofid£u, fut. -ace), &c. (from eg, 
out, and bvop.dC,Uy to name). To 
name out aloud, to call out by 
name, to pronounce. 

kgovo/ia&ydyv (adv. from eg, by, 
ovo/.ca, name, and naXeu, to call). 
Calling by name, according to 
name, namely, singly. 

egomou (adv. from eg, and o-klou, 
backward). Backward. — Hence- 
forth. 

kgopdoo, <b, fut. -600, perf. egupd-u- 
ko. (from eg, completely, and bpd-oto, 
to make erect). To render per- 
fectly erect, to set up, to place 
erect, to restore, to preserve, to save. 

kgopifa, fut. -opiou, &c. (from eg, 
beyond, and 6pi&, to bound). To 
send beyond the boundaries of a 
state, to exile, to banish. 

egopKL^u, fut. -Xou, perf. kgupniKa 
(from eg, intens., and opicifa, to 
cause to swear). To bind by an 
oath, to swear any one. 

egopju.au, u, fut. -you, &c. (from eg, 
out, and op/udu, to urge forward). 
To urge on, to send forth, to en- 
courage, to instigate. 

kgopvoou and -opvrru, fut. -vgu, 
perf. eg-upvxa (from eg, out, and 
bpvoou, to dig). To dig out, to 
excavate. 

ktjopxeofiai, ovfj,ac, fut. -yoo/iai, &c. 
(from kg, out of, and bpxeofiai, to 
dance). To dance out of (the 
ranks). 



EIIA 

egooTpani^u, fut. -lou, &c. (from eg, 
out of, and boTpani£u, to banish by 
ostracism). To banish by ostra- 
cism, to ostracise, to banish. 

egooTpaxiofioc, ov, 6 (from egoorpa- 
ki£w). Ostracism, banishment. 
For an explanation of the term, 
consult note, p. 121, line 36. 

egovoia, ac, y (from egeori, it is pos- 
sible). Power, right, privilege, 
authority. 

egvSpigu, fut. -loo, &c. (from eg, 
completely, and v6pi£u, to be inso- 
lent). To become extremely inso- 
lent, to act in an insolent manner, 
to grow insolent, to outrage. 

egvfiveu, u, fut. -you, &c. (from eg, 
out aloud, and vfiveu, to hymn). 
To hymn aloud, to celebrate in 
song, to praise highly, to extol. 

egu (adv. from eg, out of). Without, 
outside, away from, externally. — 
ego (3eAovc, " without the reach of 
a missile." 

egu-Sev (adv. from ego). From 
without, outside, from abroad, ir- 
relevant. 

eoute (3d sing. perf. mid. of eluu, 
impers.). It is like, it resembles, 
it seems, it is right, &c. 

holoa, Doric for kovou, which is Ionic 
for ovoa, nom. sing. fern, of pres. 
part, of el/xi,, to be. 

eoprdfa, fut. -dau, perf. eupraKa 
(from eopry). To celebrate a fes- 
tival, to keep as a festival, to feast. 

eopry, yc, y. A feast, a festival. 

eoc, ey, tdv (pronominal adj.). His, 
her, its; answering to the Latin 
suus, sua, suum. 

enayyeATiu, fut. -ayye?.u, &c. (from 
em, to, and dyyeAAu, to announce). 
To announce to, to proclaim, to de~ 
dare, to enjoin. — In the middle, to 
give one's self out for, to promise. 

t'ndyyeTi/j.a, aroc, to (from eirayye}.- 
au). A promise, a profession. 

emiyu, fut. -dgu, &c. (from em, to- 
wards, and dyu, to lead). To lead 
towards, to bring on, to introduce, 
to superinduce, to add to. 

eTzayuvi&[.tai, fut. -laofiai, &c. (from 
em, in addition to, and dyuvi&fiat, 
to contend). To contend in addi- 
tion to, to strive earnestly for. 
463 



E1IA 

kTraeiSo), contr. kirado), fut. kiraeiau, I 
contr. kirdau, &c. (from km, to, 
and astSu, to sing). To sing to, 
to sing for, to sing in the presence 
of. See note, p. 175, line 46. 

eira-d-Tiov, ov, to (from kni, for, and 
ad-Xov, a combat). A prize for a 
victory at the games, a prize. 

knaia^u, fut. -acdtjo), &c. (from km, 
for, and ald^co, to weep). To weep 
for, to mourn over, to bewail. 

kiraiveo), €>, fut. knaivkacj and -rjau, 
perf. kirr/vena and kiryvniia (from 
ETratvog). To praise, to admire, 
to approve of, to commend, to 
laud. 

knaivog, ov, 6. Approbation, praise, 
a panegyric, a eulogy. 

kiraipu, fut. kmipC), &c. (from km, 
upon, and alpu, to raise). To 
raise on high, to elevate, to lift up, 
to make elated. — Also, to raise 
against. 

eTranoXcv&eG), u, fut. -rjau, &c. (from 
km, after, and duo'Xov&e.u, to fol- 
low). To follow after, to pursue, 
to follow. 

enanToc, 6v (adj. from kTrayu, to in- 
troduce). Introduced from abroad, 
foreign. 

ena2,ei(j)o), fut. -eiipo, &c. (from km, 
over, and dTieicpw, to anoint). To 
besmear, to anoint. 

knaXkrhoc, ov (adj. from mi, upon, 
and liTJKrfkoic, each other). One 
upon the other, crowded, frequent. 

emx^cg, etoc, T] (from knaXe^o), to 
ward off). A breastwork, a bat- 
tlement. — Protection, defence. 

kirafidofiai, £)[iai, fut. -rjaojiat, perf. 
eTT?jfj.jjfj,at (from km, upon, and 
afj.aop.ai, to heap up). To heap up 
upon, to cover over with. 

^'EnaptvuvSac, ov, 6. Epaminondas, 
a celebrated Theban commander, 
who delivered his country from the 
dominion of Sparta. He was slain 
in the battle of Mantinea ; accord- 
ing to the common account by Gryl- 
lus, the son of Xenophon. 

tndv (conj. from errst and uv), Ionic 
etttjv. After, when, as soon as. 

tTrava6atvo), fut. -bi]aop,ai, &c. (from 
km, upon, and dva6acvo>, to as- 
cend). To ascend upon, to mount. 
464 



EIIE 

krcaveifu, &c. (from km, denoting 
repetition, and dveifii, to return). 
To return again, to go back again, 
to come back, to resume. 

kiravepxofjai, fut. -eXevaofiai, &c. 
(from km, denoting repetition, and 
dvepxofiai, to come back). To 
come back again, to return. 

kiravr/KO), fut. -rjS-a, &c. (from km, 
denoting repetition, and dvrjKU, to 
come back). To come back again. 

kmiv&io), ti, fut. -tjgo, &c. (from kni, 
upon, and dv&eu, to bloom). To 
bloom upon, to bloom forth on. 

kirapdopai, tipat, fut. -^oofiat and 
-acofiai, perf. kizrjpnjxai and km/- 
pd/uac (from km, upon, and dpdo- 
ftat, to curse). To imprecate 
curses on, to curse, to execrate. 

kndpdu and -apdevo, fut. -dpau and 
-apdevau, &c. (from km*, upon, 
and dpdo or apdevtj, to water). 
To pour water upon, to irrigate. 

kirapiceu), u, fut. -iao, &c. from km, 
intensive, and apnea, to ward 
off). To ward off from, to lend 
aid to, to assist, to relieve. 

kirdpxo), fut. -dp!-o, &c. (from km, 
over, and dpxo, to rule). To rule 
over, to be governor of. 

emMbiv/u, fut. -a^ffw, &c. (from£7U, 
upon, and dtyinfii, to let loose). To 
let loose upon, to send or let into, 
to direct against. 

knee (conj. and adv.). Since, when, 
after that, after, because, inasmuch 
as. 

kiretya), fut. knei^o, perf. jjireixa. 
To push, to urge on, to accelerate. 
— In the middle, to urge one's self 
on, to hasten. 

kiretddv (conj. from kmndr] and dv). 
When, since, as, because. 

knecd^ (conj. from knei and 6rj). 
Since, when, as, as soon as. 

£7retfj,c, &c. (from km, to, and elpi, 
to go). To go to or towards, to 
approach, to arrive at, to advance 
against, to attack. — To occur to, 
to come into the mind. 

k-rreio-spxo/iac, fut. -elevaopai, &c. 
(from km, upon, and eiakpxop-at, 
to rush in). To rush in upon, 
to enter suddenly, to attack una- 
wares. 



Em 

{Treira (adv. from km and elra). 
Thereupon, then, next, afterward. 

£ne/u6alvG), fut. -ByGouai, &c (from 
km, upon, and kp,6aivu, to mount). 
To mount upon, to ascend. — To 
make an attack on, to assail. 

ETrevSvco and -dvvo, fut. -6vgo), &c 
(from km, over, and kvdvu, to put 
on). To put on over, to put on in 
addition to. 

'etzeolke (impers. verb from km, in- 
tensive, and eolke, it is' fitting). 
It is becoming, it is proper, it is 
right, it is fitting. 

hrtepaoToc, ov (adj. from km, intens- 
ive, and kpaoroc, lovely). Very 
lovely, very desirable, amiable. 

i-epeidc), fut. -epeiao), &c. (from 
km, upon, and kpcidu, to support). 
To support upon, to stay or prop 
upon. 

knepxouat, fut. -eTievaouai, &c. 
(from knc, to, and kpxouai, to come). 
To come to, to approach, to advance 
towards, to arrive at. 

Eirevd-vvcj, fut. -vvu, perf. krcnv-d-vyna 
(from km, intensive, and Evtivvu, 
to direct). To direct, to guide, to 
steer. 

kiTEVxopaL, fut. -evgouat, &c. (from 
km, to, and evxouat, to pray). 
To pray to, to invoke. — To boast, 
to profess. 

ettexu, fut. EcpitJG) and kmGxr/GO), &c. 
(from km, to, and e^w, to hold). 
To hold to, to apply to. — As a 
neuter, to stop, to restrain one's 
self, to aivait. 

E7i7]v, Ion. for ETTUV. 

km (prep.), governs the genitive, da- 
tive, and accusative. The primi- 
tive meaning is on or upon. — 
Hence, 1st, with the genitive, 
on, near, before, upon, in the 
presence of, of, during, under ; 
as, km "Arvoe, in the reign of 
Atys : at or in, in the relation of 
place ; as, km tjevijc, i. e., yrjc, in a 
foreign la?id. — 2d, with the dative, 
under, beneath, among, for, over, 
upon, on account of, in addition to ; 
£7r' kuoi egtl, it depends upon me. 
— 3d, with the accusative, upon, 
against, to, towards, after, for, in 
quest of, at. — With numerals it 



Em 

signifies about. — km irolv, for the 
most part, especially. — Eire tl ; 
wherefore? — In composition it ex- 
presses addition, increase, aug- 
mentation, reciprocal action, repe- 
tition, mutual assistance, renewal, 
&c. 

kmSalvu, fut. -6f]couai, &c. (from 
km, upon, and fiaivu, to mount). 
To mount upon, to ascend. — To 
go on shore, to disembark, to land 
upon. 

kmbuXku, fut. -6d?M, &c. (from km, 
upon, and ftaXXu, to cast). To 
cast upon. 

e7tc6ut7]c, ov, 6 (from kmSaivo). A 
passenger on board a vessel. 

kmboao, €), fut. -6o7]ou, &c. (from 
em, upon, and (3odo, to call). 
To call upon for aid, to call aloud 
upon. 

km66onu, fut. -6oGK.r]G(d, perf. km6e- 
6oGK7]na (from km, upon, and /36g- 
ko), to pasture). To pasture upon, 
to put out to graze upon. — In the 
middle, to feed or graze upon, to 
devour, to revel in. 

kTTi6ov2.£vo), fut. -EVGU, &c. (from 
ettI, against, and (3ovXevo), to plan). 
To plan against, to plot against, 
to lie in wait for, to deceive. 

km6ov?^, 7/c, i] (from km, against, 
and j3ovi-rj, a plot). A plot form- 
ed against any one, an artifice, an 
ambuscade, a stratagem. 

kmBovlog, ov (adj. from km.6ov2.7i). 
Plotting, insidious, treacherous, 
deceitful. 

£7uy£?Ao), C), fut. -aGu, &c. (from 
km, at, and yeAdw, to laugh). 
To laugh at, to deride, to mock. 

ETrr/tyvuGKO), fut. -yvtiGoaat, &c. 
(from km, denoting addition, 
and yiyvuGKo, to know). To rec- 
ognise, to know again, to observe. 

kmypafyr), rjg, i) (from kmypuyu). 
An inscription, a valuation, a con- 
tribution. 

kmypado, fut. -ypdipo), &c. (from 
km\ upon, and ypd<pu, to scratch 
or mark). To make a mark on. 
— Hence, to write upon, to in- 
scribe, to describe, to value. 

kmdaupvu), fut. -vgu, &c. (from km, 
for, and daupvu, to weep). To 
465 



Em 

weep for, to deplore. — As a neu- 
ter, to weep. 

kncdeitivv/Ji and -deinvvu, fut. -dei^co, 
&c. (from em, intensive, and SeIk- 
vvjui, to show). To exhibit, to 
bring forward, to make a display 
of, to give a proof of, to show. — 
In the middle, to show one's self 
off, to give a specimen of one's 
skill, to make evident, 

kiudexoftat, fut -ditjopai, &c. (from 
em, upon, and dexofiat, to take). 
To take upon, to undertake, to as- 
sume, to admit. 

emdnfieo, &, fut. ~fjG(d, perf. emSedrj- 
firjua (from em, among, and drjfioc, 
the people). To take up one's 
abode among a people, to arrive 
as a stramger in, to sojourn in, to 
settle in. 

Imdidcjfu, fut. -ducru), &c. (from em, 
in addition to, and didu/ii, to give). 
To bestow in addition to, to annex 
to, to intrust to, to yield to, to hand 
to. 

ETudiwKG), fut. -6^u, &c. (from em, 
in addition to, and SitJuu), to pur- 
sue). To pursue still farther. 

e^ido^oc, ov (adj. from em, intensive, 
and dotja, opinion). Celebrated, 
renowned, famous. — Refers prim- 
itively to general opinion or ex- 
pectation, as in the phrase e-rci.dot;- 
oc r]v aTTOTv/Luravicreiv, for which 
consult note, page 49, line 26. 

emdootc, euc, rj (from enididu/ii). 
Addition, increase, a donation, a 
voluntary contribution. 

emdpofioc, ov (adj. from e7riSpa/j,elv, 
2d aor. inf. of emrpex^, to run to 
attack). Easy to be attacked, ac- 
cessible. — Exposed to attack or in- 
cursions. 

kmeLfceia, ac, rj (from emeuc-yc). 
Equity, propriety, clemency, mild- 
ness, moderation. 
emeine'A.oe, ov (adj. from em, intens- 
ive, and ecKeXoc, like). Very like, 
strongly resembling. 
kiueiKrjc, ec (adj. from em, and ei- 
koc, neut. part, of eouta, perf. mid. 
of eiKo). Seemly, proper, just. — 
Moderate, mild, humane, reason- 
able, 
emeintic (adv. from emeiK^r). Prop- 
466 



Em 

erly, fitly. — Sufficiently, usually. 
— Willingly, contentedly. 

STfieTmofim, -eXtyouat, &c. (from em, 
intensive, and ekTxop,ai, to hope). 
To long for, to hope for besides, 
to expect. 

emfyre'cd, u, fut. -rjau, &c. (from 
em, intensive, and C,vrea, to seek). 
To seek in addition to a previous 
search, to seek out earnestly, to 
search for. 

ETTL'&efj.a, oltoc, to (from emTi&nfii, 
to place upon). A cover, a cover- 
ing. 

em-d-UBo), fut. -iipo, perf. emTed-lltpa 
(from em, upon, and -&M6cj, to 
press). To press upon, to lean 
upon, to trample on. 

eiri : &vfj.eo), £>, fut. -^au, perf. emre- 
■d-vurjKa (from em, intensive, and 
■&vueo>, to desire). To desire ear- 
nestly, to desire again and again, 
to long ardently, to set one's heart 
upon. 

emd-vfiia, ac, 57 (from em^y/ueo). 
Longing, ardent desire, passion. 
— Cupidity, avarice. 

ETTiKa'&i^o), fut. -Xao, &c. (from cm, 
upon, and Kadi^u, to seat). To 
seat upon. — As a neuter, to sit 
upon. 

emuaTieG), <2, fut. -Ka\eav>, &c. (from 
em, upon, and KaXio, to call). To 
call upon. — To give a name in ad- 
dition to a previous name, to sur- 
name, to style, to name. — In the 
middle, to call upon for aid, to im- 
plore the aid of. 

eTTiKaXvTTTO), fut. -vipo, &c. (from 
km, upon, and x.a'kv'KTO, to con- 
ceal). To conceal by placing 
something upon, to cover over, to 
hide, to conceal from view. 

emKaraBaivo, fut. -6r]aouaL, &c. 
(from em, upon, Kara, down, and 
(3aivo), to go). To descend upon. 

kirineiuai, fut. -Keiao/nai, &c. (from 
em, upon, and nelp-ai, to lie). To 
lie or be situated upon, to border 
upon, to be adjacent to, to hang 
over. 
emicepTOfieu), o>, fut. -tjcu, perf. £7rt- 
KeKeprofivKa (from erri, intensive, 
and Keprop-eo), to rally, to banter). 
To speak in sportive strain, to jest 



Em 

with playfully. See note, page 
168, line 175. 

liUKTjpvKeia, ac, 77 (from kmKypvKEv- 
ouai). A negotiation. 

kmnypvKEvouaL, fut. -Evaouai, perf. 
-evfiat (from km, thereupon, and 
KvpvKEvu, to send, as a herald). 
To make propositions by a herald, 
to send a herald to negotiate for a 
truce, &c. 

entKivdvvoc, ov (adj. from km, intens- 
ive, and klv6vvoc, danger). Dan- 
gerous in addition to previous dan- 
ger, perilous, hazardous. 

kmnhdu, w, fut. -dcio, perf. 'ettlkek- 
Xana (from km, towards, and Kkdw, 
to bend). To bend or move to- 
wards. — To excite to compassion, 
to move to tears, to touch, to 
affect. 

kmaXyo-LC, eoo, y (from km/caMo, to 
give a surname). An appellation, 
a surname. 

ettikTiv^o), fut. -vao, perf. kmtcEtc/ivKa 
(from km*, upon, and kTiv^o, to 
flow). To flow upon, to overflow, 
to inundate, to submerge. 

kmiikvarog, ov (adj from kmnlv^u). 
Inundated, submerged. — Washed. 

e7UK2.<j)-&G), fut. -uao), perf. etzlkekXcj- 
na (from km, intens., and K/\.tJ-&o, 
to spin). To spin out, to spin the 
thread of human life (as by the 
Fates), to destine, to allot, to de- 
cree. 

ETUKOGfiEO, <3, fut. -you, &c. (from 
km, intens., and kocueo, to adorn). 
To adorn with additional orna- 
ments, to embellish. 

'EmKOvpoc, ov, 6. Epicurus, 1. A 
celebrated Grecian philosopher, 
born at Gargeltus in Attica. His 
doctrine was, that the happiness of 
man consisted in mental enjoy- 
ments and the sweets of virtue. — 
2. One of the accusers of Phocion, 
put to death by the son of the 
latter. 

ETTlKpOTEO), 6>, fut. -TJGCO, &C (from 

km, intens., and Kporio), to make a 
noise). To make additional noise, 
to redouble acclamation, to applaud 
loudly, to clap loudly or repeatedly, 
kmnvpou, u, fut. -w<76), &c. (from 
km, intens., and Kvpocj, to confirm). 



Em 

To give additional confirmation to, 
to satisfy, to settle. 

kmhapSdvu, fut. -Xyipouai, &c. (from 
km, in addition, and Xa/u.6dvu, to 
take). To take in addition to. — 
To lay hold upon, either, to seize 
upon, or, to hold by. 

krciTidfimo, fut. -?Muipo, &c. (from 
km, intens , and Xd/nro, to shine). 
To shine brightly, to beam forth. 

kmXav&uvG), fut. -?.yao>, &c. (from 
£717, intens., and ?iav&dvo, to 
cause to forget). To cause utter 
oblivion of. — In the middle, to 
forget completely. 

km?<,Eyo), fut. Aefw, &c. (from km, 
in addition, and ?t,eyu, to speak). 
To add to what has been already 
said. — In the middle, to read over. 

kmTiELTro, fut. -?i£ii{jo), &c. (from ettl, 
for, and Tieltxu, to leave). To leave 
one place for another, to desert. — 
To fail, to be wanting. 

kmp.£/i£ta, ac, y (from km/LtsXyc). 
Care, an object of care, a tending, 
attention, purpose. 

km/uElkofiai, ovpai, fut. -rjoouai, perf. 
kmfj.£/j.£?i7]/j.aL (from km, on account 
of, and (iklofiai, to be careful). To 
be concerned about or for, to take 
care of, to tend. 

kmnEhrjc, ec (adj. from same). Con- 
cerned about, solicitous, careful. 

kmyLEkyrye, ov, 6 (from km/UEXsofiai). 
One who attends to the interests of 
another, an executor, a guardian, 
an overseer. 

kmuE/ific (adverb from bnfiehfc). 
Carefully. 

kmpkutyouaL, fut. -piuijjouai, &c. 
(from km, for, and fj.£/i<poucu, to 
reprove). To reprove with, to re- 
proach with. 

^muy&Evc, euc, 6. Epimethcus, 
brother of Prometheus, and son of 
Iapetus. He married Pandora, by 
whom be had Pyrrha. 

kTiLp.nxdvdop.aL, ufiaL, fut. -yoouai, 
perf. kmuEfj,t)xdvnpaL (from km, 
against, and pyxavdu, to lay plots). 
To lay plots against, to contrive 
against. 

kmp.L^la, ag, y (from kmplyvvui, to in- 
termingle). Mixture, intercourse, 
communication. 

467 



Em 

kmviuo), fut. -vefiti, &c. (from £m\ 
among, and veucj, to share). To 
share among, to divide, to distrib- 
ute. 

kravevo, fut. -vevgu, &c. (from em 1 , 
towards, and vevcj, to bow). To 
bow towards, to nod to, to incline, 
to grant. 

kiuvlttioc, ov (adj. from eirl, upon, 
and vIktj, a victory). Following 
close upon or after a victory, tri- 
umphal. — In the neuter, as a noun, 
to kiuviKiov, a song of triumph. 

kmvoeo), C), fut. -rjGU, &c. (from km, 
upon, and voeu, to reflect). To 
reflect upon, to think over, to in- 
vent by continued reflection on, to 
devise, to undertake. 

kmopKoc, ov (adj. from ettl, over, and 
bpnoc, an oath). Going beyond or 
over one's oath, perjured. 

iTUTT&cocd, and Attic -ttuttg), fut. 
-TTuau, &c. (from km 1 , upon, and 
ttuggo), to strew). To strew upon, 
to scatter upon. 

hmTtedoc, ov (adj. from em", upon, 
and rredov, the ground). On the 
ground. — Level, even, flat. 

£7U7re/LL7TG), fut. -Ttiftipcj, &c. (from 
km, intens., and 7re/j,Tco, to send). 
To send in addition to, to send 
against, to send forth. 

eTwrnddu, &, fut. -tjgu, &c. (from 
km, upon, and irnduu, to spring). 
To spring upon, to leap upon. 

kmnTiEov (adv. from eni, in addition, 
and Tz'keov for ttIeZov, neuter of 
ttIeiuv, more). Still more, in a 
still greater degree, yet farther, in 
a more extensive degree. 

kirnrliia), fut. -rrXevaouac, &c. (from 
km, to, and ttTleo), to sail). To 
sail to, to sail away for. 

eTTLTrXrjaau, fut. -ttXtj^u, &c. (from 
km, intens., and ttTi^ggo, to strike). 
To strike repeatedly, to punish se- 
verely. — To reprimand sharply, to 
rebuke, to reprove. 

eTUTrvEG), fut. -ttvevgu, &c. (from 
km, upon, and ttveu, to breathe). 
To breathe upon, to blow upon. 

ettlttovoc, ov (adj. from eni, intens., 
and irovoe, toil). Enduring ad- 
ditional toil, laborious, painful, 
weary. 
468 



Em 

| eTWTovoc (adv. from kmirovoc). La- 
boriously, difficultly, wearisomely. 

E7TL7rop7ruo), &, fut. -t/gu, perf. ettitte- 
TropTTnua (from km, upon, and 
nopnn, a clasp). To fasten on 
with a clasp, to clasp, to buckle. 

ETuppeo, fut. -frevGOjiaL, &c. (from 
E7iC, upon, and pew, to flow). To 
flow upon or over, to overflow. — 
To flow into, to flow towards. 

ETuppiTCTO), fut. -piipo), &c. (from em, 
upon, and ^ltttco, to throw). To 
throw upon, to cast on. 

t-Tvippoia, ac, y (from empfieu). 
Overflow, afflux, the flow. — A sup- 

ETUGELO, fut. -GEIGO), perf. ETTlGeGElKa 

(from km, over, and gelu, to shake). 
To shake or brandish over, to hold 
up as an object of terror, to terrify. 

erzLGnuog, ov (adj. from km, upon, 
and Grjfia, a mark). Distinguished 
by a mark, marked, conspicuous, 
illustrious. — In the neuter, as a 
noun, to kmcrjuov, the standard. 

ewZGng (adv. from km, upon, and "lgoc, 
equal, for erf t-Gyc, with uoipac un- 
derstood). In equal shares, upon 
an equality, equally, alike, just as 

if- , 

EmGtceiTTOuai., fut. -GKEipo/Liat, perf. 
ETTEGKEu/iat (from ETti, intens., and 
GKETTTOftat, to consider). To con- 
sider attentively, to contemplate, to 
inquire into. 

ETnGKtd^o), fut. -ugg), perf. ETCEGKiaaa 
(from km, upon, and Giaafa, to 
shade). To cast a shadow upon, 
to overshadow, to darken, to obscure. 

eTTlGKOTCEO), £), fut. -TjGCi, &C. (from 

kirl, intens., and gkotteo), to con- 
sider). To consider attentively, 
to inspect narrowly, to examine. 

eTTlGKOTeO), 0), fut. -TJGO), perf. E7TEG- 

KOTTjua (from em, upon, and gko- 
tco), to darken). To spread dark- 
ness over, to cast a gloom upon, to 
darken. 

emGnuTTTU, fut. -GKtJipG), perf. ette- 
GKoxpa (from ettc, intensive, and 
gkutttq, to deride). To deridfi. 

EmGTTu, yc, v, 2d aor. subj. act. of 

E<f>ETTCJ. 

ETTLGTafxaL, fut. -GTrjGOuai, 1st aor. 
pass. i]7t LGTfj-&nv '. To know, to be 



Em 

skilled in, to understand, to know 
how. 

kirtGrdfthwc (adv. from kmGTa[xzvoc, 
pres. part, of hnioraficu). Intel- 
ligently, skilfully. 

emaruaic. eo>c, q (from e<ptcTrjfii., to 
detain at a place). Detention, a 
halt, a standing still, a stoppage. 

kmoTaTsu, <3, fut. -r/Go, perf. etteg- 
TaTjjKa (from kmGTdrnc). To 
have the superintendence of, to be 
set in charge over, to oversee, to 
direct. 

ETuo-Tarnc, ov, 6 (from tyitrrafiai, to 
be placed over). An overseer, a 
superintendent. 

ekigtOCKu, fut. -ore/lcD, &c. (from 
km, to, and oteXTlu, to send). To 
send to, to send a letter or mes- 
sage, to convey an order, to com- 
mission. 

ETUOTEvaxu, fut. -d^o), &c. (from ekI, 
intens., and arevaxo) for orsvafa, 
to groan), more commonly as a 
dep. mid. -ouai. To groan aloud, 
to increase one's lamentations, to 
lament more deeply. — To join in 
lamenting. 

kmoTrjun, nc, v (from kniGTafiat). 
Knowledge, acquaintance with. 

etclgtoTJi, rjc, rj (from eiuoteTJm). 
A letter, a message, a mandate. 

E7UGT0{J.i£u, fut. -LOU, perf. ETTEGTO/LUKa 

(from km, upon, and GTo/xa, the 
mouth). Toplace over the mouth, 
to stop up the mouth (used either 
of a cave or of animals). — Hence, 
to check with a bit, to tame, to 
muzzle, to obstruct. 

E7TlOTpi(j>G), fut. -ETpG), &C. (from £717, 

to, and GTpe<j>o, to turn). To turn 
round, to or towards. — In the mid- 
dle, to turn one's self towards, to 
turn back, to return. 

ETTiGcpd^o) and -g(J)uttcj, fut. -di-to, &c. 
(from etcl, upon, and G<f>ufa, to 
slay). To slay upon, to immolate 
on. — To kill. 

EirLo<piyyo), fut. -iy^u, &c. (from km, 
intensive, and oyiyyo, to press to- 
gether). To press together more 
closely, to tighten. 

kmo(ppayi£a), fut. -lgo), perf. etteg- 
(pptiyiKa (from km, upon, and 
G$payi(,(j>, to seal). To stamp a 
Rr 



Em 

seal upon, to seal, to confirm, to 
ratify. 

ettcgxcj, same as ettexo) (from km and 
£<7£<j). To refrain, &c. 

ETurdpcLGGu, fut. -d^u), &c. (from km, 
intens., and rapdoGu, to disturb). 
To disturb greatly, to cause con- 
fusion, to annoy. 

kmrdoGo, and Attic -Tartu, fut. 
-atju, &c. (from km, upon, and 
TaoGo, to enjoin). To enjoin upon, 
to give orders to, to command. 

ettiteXecj, u>, fut. -ego), &c. (from 
erri, intens., and re/lew, to finish). 
To bring to perfection, to finish 
completely, to accomplish, to per- 
form. 

ETZLTEp-rvrjc, ec (adj. from kmrkp-KO), to 
delight). Delightful, pleasing, 
grateful. 

ETUTrjdeioc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
ETUTr]6r]c, of which the neuter, km- 
tuSec, sufficiently, adequately, pur- 
posely, is alone in use). Fitting, 
adapted for, necessary, convenient. 
— As a noun, 6 kmTrjdecoc, a 
friend, an intimate acquaintance. 
— In the neuter plural, rd kmrrj- 
dEia, the necessaries of life. 

ETUTTjdEv/Lia, aroc, rd (from kmrn- 
oev(j). An occupation, a mode of 
life, a pursuit. 

kmrndevu, fut. -EVGO), &c. (from 
kmrfjdEioc). To pursue diligent- 
ly, to attend to, to practise. 

EirtTvpEO), £), fut. -rjGto, &c. (from 
km, intens., and rvpEO, to observe). 
To observe attentively, to watch 
over carefully. 

ETziTu&rifii, fut. --&TJGU, &c. (from 
ettc, upon, and Tifinfii, to place). 
To place upon, to set before, to ad- 
minister. — In the middle, to put 
on one's self, to resume. — To fall 
upon impetuously, to attack. 

kmrl/xdu, to, fut. -7}gg), &.c. (from 
km, and rlpdo), to estimate). To 
reproach, to censure, to blame. 

kmrl/ioc, ov (adj. from km, in, and 
rlurj, honour). Honoured, respect- 
ed, honourable. 

kmroTToXv (adv. for km to ttoXv). 
For the most part, generally. 

kmrpETTTEOv (verbal from kmrpETrto). 
To be committed or confided. 
469 



Em 

imTpimo, fut. -Tpetpo, &c. (from 
km, to, and Tpkmo, to turn). To 
turn to, to commit to, to intrust to, 
to permit. 

kTUTpexu, fut. --frpegofiai, &c. (from 
km, to, and rpexo, to run). To 
run to, to attack, to run over, to 
invade. 

kiriTpido), fut. -Tpfyo, &c. (from km, 
upon, and rptiju, to rub). To rub 
upon, to wear out by rubbing on. — 
Hence, to destroy, to ruin, to anni- 
hilate. 

kmrvyxavo, fut. -TEvgouai, &c. (from 
km, upon, and Tvyx^vo, to meet). 
To light upon, to fall in with, to 
meet. 

km<j>dvEia, ac, rj (from ETrupavfje). 
External appearance, surface. — 
Celebrity, fame, renown. 

km<j>avtjc, ec (adj. from kmtyaivouai, 
to appear on the surface). Appa- 
rent, evident. — Distinguished, fa- 
mous, noble. 

tm<pavu)c (adv. from kmtyavrjc). Ap- 
parently. — Gloriously, nobly, with 
great honour. 

eTTKpepU, fut. ETTOLGO), &C. (from km, 

upon, and <t>epto, to bring). To 
bring upon, to inflict on, to bring to 
bear on. — To accuse. — In the mid- 
dle, to be borne forward on one's 
way, to advance. 

km^leyc), fut. -efw, perf. etcltce^exo, 
(from etti, intens., and (pXkyu, to 
burn). To burn up, to destroy by 
fire. 

kmQopso, £), fut. -7]Go, &c, a form 
of EmcpspG) (from km and (popiu). 
To bring upon, &c. 

kmQvo, fut. -vow, &c. (from km, 
upon, and cpvu, to cause to grow). 
To cause to grow upon. — The 2d 
aor. and perf. as neuter, to grov) 
to or upon, to cling to. — In the 
middle, kmtyvouai, to hang on to, 
to attack. 

tnupovEG), ti, fut. -rjao, &c. (from 
km, upon, and Quveo, to call). 
To call aloud upon, to call to, to 
exclaim. 

kmxeipeu, <J. fut. -Tjau, perf. ettike- 

XelpnKa (from etti, upon, and x EL Pi 

a hand). To lay hands on, to put 

the hand to, to undertake, to attack. 

470 



Eno 

ettixeu, fut. -xevacj, &c. (from km, 
upon, and xko), to pour). To pour 
upon. — To heap up, to erect. 

kmx$6vLOc, ov (adj. from etti, upon, 
and x&uv, the earth). Upon the 
earth, living, mortal. 

kmxupioc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. 
from km, in, and x^P a > a country). 
Born in a country, native, indige- 
nous, peculiar to a country. 

kmipava, fut. -ipavau, &c. (from 
km, upon, and ipavo), to touch). 
To touch gently, as it were upon 
the surface, to touch lightly. 

kiroiKiov, ov, to (from etti, upon, and 
oIkoc, a house). A dwelling upon 
a farm, a country-house. — In the 
plural, ra ETroiKta, villages. 

k-Koixouai, fut. -oixycouat, &c. (from 
km 1 , unto, and olxouai, to go). 
To go unto, to ply, to be occupied 
at. 

eirouai, fut. 'kipouai, aor. koivounv, 
imperf. e'cKounv (middle of ettu, to 
be occupied with). To follow, to 
accompany. 

knoutpia, ac, rj (from £7rop,6poc). 
Copious rain, a shower, rainy 
weather. 

kirouBpoc, ov (adj. from km, intens- 
ive, and buhpoc, a shower). Sub- 
ject to showers, where showers are 
frequent, rainy. 

ettouvvui, fut. -ouoau, &c. (from 
km, in addition, and ouvvut, to 
swear). To add one's oath in con- 
firmation, to swear to, to ratify by 
an oath. 

kirovEidiGTog, ov (adj. from knovei- 
dtfa, to revile). Reviled, rebuked, 
disgraceful. 

E7rov£idioTG)c (adv. from kTcove'idt.o- 
toc). Reprehensibly, blameably, 
shamefully. 

E7V0TTTEVU, fut. -EVVG), perf. kirOTTTEV- 

Ka (from km, over, and oktevu, to 
look). To look over, to survey, to 
inspect, 
kiroc, eoc, to (from eIttov, 2d aor. of 
the obsolete eItzo, to say). A 
word, a speech, a verse. 

ETTOTpVVCO, fut. -OTpVVib, perf. £7T(J- 

Tpvyna (from km, intensive, and 
brpiivcj, to urge). To urge re- 
peatedly, to incite, to encourage. 



EPr 

enoip, owog, 6. A hoopoe. 

etttcl (num. adj. indecl). Seven. 

enTaKaidena (num. adj. indecl. from 
iirrd, nai, and detect, ten). Seven- 
teen. 

£7rTa.KaL<5eK.d7r7}xvc, v (adj. from ett- 
raKaldeKa, and nr)xvg, a cubit). 
Seventeen cubits or ells. 

ettcju^u, fut. -acrcj, perf. eTrwa/ca (from 
£7r(, m^otz, and uov, an egg). To sit 
upon its eggs, to brood, to hatch. 

Eiruvvfiia, ag, t) (from ettuvvjiloc, 
poet, for £7t6vv/uoc). A surname. 

ETruvvfzoc, ov (adj. from km, in addi- 
tion, and ovvua, jEol. for ovo/j.a, 
a name). Having a name in ad- 
dition to a previous one, having a 
surname, deriving its name from. 

kpavLcrrjc, ov, 6 (from epavog, a ban- 
quet to which each guest contrib- 
utes his share). A. contributor to 
a feast or picnic party. — A con- 
tributor generally. 

'EpaoioTpdTog, ov,6. Erasistratus. 

EpdafiLog, ov, and og, y, ov (adj. from 
spdu, to love). Lovely, amiable, 
loved. 

kpaarrig, ov, 6 (from kpdu, to love). 
A lover. 

'Epdrd), dog contr. ovg, y. Erato, 
the muse who presided over lyric 
and tender poetry. 

kpau, <5. To love, to desire, to seek 
after; for which, in poetry, the form 
Epduac is more common. — 1st aor. 
ypuaduyv, 1st aor. pass, as middle, 
i]puo-&7)v, to desire ardently, to be 
in love with, to conceive a passion 
for. — The present passive only oc- 
curs in a passive sense, the rest 
being used as middle. 

kpyu^ouat, fut. -daouat, perf. elpyaa- 
uat (from spyov, work). To work, 
to effect, to make, to practise, to 
cause, to produce, to labour upon. 

kpyukElov, ov, to (from Epyov, work). 
A tool, an implement. 

'Eoyavy, Tjg, tj (from epyov, work). 
Ergdne, i. e., the female artist, an 
epithet of Minerva as patroness of 
the mechanical arts. 

Epydaia, ag, y (from kpyd&uai). 
Labour, an occupation, a working, 
workmanship, mode of culture, 
mode of working. 



EPH 

epyaorripiov, ov, to (from epyd£o/.iat, 
to work, with ending rhpiov, de- 
noting place where). A place for 
working, a workshop, an atelier of 
an artist. 
kpyuTng, ov, 6 (from kpydfruat, to la- 
bour). A labourer, an artisan, 
epyov, ov, to (from the obsolete £p- 
yu, to do). An action, a work, a 
deed, a performance, an occupation, 
employment. — Dat. sing, as an ad- 
verb, spyu, in reality. 

kpycodng, Eg (adj. from Epyov, and El- 
dog, appearance). Of a toil-worn 
aspect, toilsome, laborious. — Trou- 
blesome. 

spia, ag, contr. kpu, ag, y. Wool. 

EpsSevvog, y, ov (adj. from "Eps&og, 
Erebus). Gloomy, dark, obscure. 

kpeSudyg, eg (adj. from "EpsBog, Ere- 
bus, and E~idog, appearance). Of 
a gloomy appearance, dark, dingy. 

£p£$i£G>, fut. -leu, perf. Tipe&ina, 
perf. pass. yp£$tc-/u,ai. To pro- 
voke, to excite. 

kpEido), fut. -Eiao), perf. i)pELna, perf. 
pass. rjpEtcuai. To fix on, to fas- 
ten to, to prop up, to support. — In 
the middle, to lean upon. 

ipECTro), fut. -stipe), perf. jjpettpa, perf. 
mid. Tjpina, with Att. redup. tpy- 
piTta, 2d aor. act. rjplnov. To 
overthrow, to demolish. — Neut. in 
2d aor. , to fall down. 

epcTfiog, ov, 6 (from kpEOGu, to row). 
An oar. 

EpEvvdo), u, fut. -yao, perf. ypEvvnua 
(from EpouaL, to inquire). To in- 
vestigate, to undertake. 

'Epexftytg, tdog, y. Erechtheis, the 
salt spring in the Erechtheum, 
feigned to have burst out of the 
earth from a stroke of Neptune's 
trident. See note, page 65, line 
27. 

kpiu, Ion. for kpej. I will say. See 
kpu. 

kpyuatog, a, ov (adj.), poet, for kpy- 
uog, y, ov. 

kpyuog, y, ov, and Att. og, ov (adj.). 
Lonely, solitary, waste, deserted. 
— As a noun, ij hpyuog (with 
yrj, land, understood), a desert, a 
solitude. 

kpyfioG), C), fut. -cJGu, perf. ypryiuKa 
47 i 



EPO 
(from kprjuog). To lay waste, to 
deprive of, to free from. 
'Epiav&og, ov, 6. Erianthus. 
epi&, fut. -Toot, perf. rjplna. To 
contend, to quarrel. — epifriv rive 
nepi, to contend with any one 
about. 
Iplvebg, ov, 6. A wild fig-tree. 
'Epivvvg, voc, rj. Erinnys, one of 
the Furies. — In the plural, at 'Ep- 
ivvvec, the Furies, three goddess- 
es, whose office was to punish the 
crimes of men by the secret stings 
of conscience. 
tpiov, ov, to (dim. from epog, wool). 

Wool, a fleece, 
epig, idog, rj. Strife, dispute, con 

tention, a quarrel, a contest. 
"Epic, Idog, rj. Eris, the goddess of 

strife and discord. 
iplfyog, ov, 6. A kid. 
^Epix'&ovlog, ov, 6. Erichthonius, 
the fourth king of Athens, died 
B.C. ]437. 
ipnog, eoc, to (from epyo, poet, for 
e'lpyo, to enclose). A hedge, an 
enclosure, an enclosed place. — A 
net, a snare. 
'Epuvvtog, a, ov (adj.). Hcrcynian. 
— As a noun, 6 'Epnvvcog (with 
dpvuog understood), and ol 'Epuv- 
vlol (with Spvuoi). The Hcrcyni- 
an forest, an extensive wood which 
covered a large part of ancient 
Germany. 
hpfiarifa, fut. -Xao, perf. TjpfiaTina 
(from epfjia, a prop). To prop up, 
to support, to secure. — To ballast, 
to load. 
'Epfifjc, ov, contr. from 'Epueag, eov, 
6. 1. Mercury or Hermes, son of 
Jupiter and Maia ; the god of com- 
merce, eloquence, wrestling, and 
whatever required skill, and the 
inventor of the lyre and harp. He 
was the messenger of Jupiter, and 
had also the office of conducting 
the souls of the dead to the under 
world. — 2. A Herma, or statue of 
Mercury, which was an erect ob- 
long block of stone, surmounted 
with a head of Mercury, set up at 
Athens in public places and before 
private dwellings. 
ipouat, fut. eprjaofjiat, 2d aor. rjpounv. 
472 



EPG 

To ask, to inquire for, to interro- 
gate. 

epog, 6 (only in nom. and accus. sing., 
the original form of spue). Love, 
desire, &c. 

ipirv^oj, fut. -vao, perf. elpirvKa. To 
creep, to glide along. 

epfito, fut. kpprjGCd, perf. rjpp'riKa (akin 
to /6e'6), to flow, and the Latin ruo). 
To go to ruin, to be ruined. See 
note, page 163, line 123. 

'Epv&eiy, vg, rj. Erythea, an island 
off the coast of Iberia, in the Bay 
of Cadiz, remarkable for its fertil- 
ity. Here Geryon reigned. 

epv&pidu), <j, fut. -idao, perf. i]pv&- 
pidica (from epv&pog). To grow 
red, to blush. 

epv&pog, a, ov (adj.). Red. — fj ep- 
v&pa -d-dXaaaa, the Red Sea. 

epvKo, fut. -vtju, perf. rjpvxa, 2d aor. 
rjpvKaKov (from epvu, to draw). 
To draw back, to restrain. 

epvfia, drog, to (from epvouai, to 
protect). A rampart, a fortifica- 
tion, a defence. 

'Epvudv&iog, a, ov (adj.). Eryman- 
thian, of Erymanthus, a mountain 
in Arcadia, famous in fable as the 
haunt of the savage wild boar de- 
stroyed by Hercules. 

"Epvt;, vKog, rj. Eryx, a mountain 
and city in Sicily, where was a 
famous temple of Venus. 

epvo), fut. epvau, perf. elpvua (and 
poetic elpvu, &c). To draw, to 
drag, to pull, to draw off. — In the 
middle, epvouai, poetic elpvo/nac, 
fut. -vaouai, to rescue, to deliver, 
to protect, to guard, to restrain. 
In Homer a syncopated aor. occurs, 
2d sing, epvoo, 3d epiiro and etpvTO, 
3d pi. epvaTai, &c, only in the 
sense to save, to defend; distin- 
guished from the perf. and pluperf. 
pass., which have v short ; perf. 
elpv/Liat, pluperf. elpvur/v. 
epxofJ.ac, fut. ehevaojuai, perf. mid. 
fjXv&a, with redup. eTirjlvda, 2d 
aor. 7]7i-&ov, by syncope for rjlvd-ov. 
To go, to come, to arrive, to pro- 
ceed. — khdeiv elc epiv, to engage 
in a contest with, followed by a 
dative of the person, 
epw, a fut. from elpo, which present 



EST 

occurs only in poetry : the other 

tenses from the obs. /3eo ; perf. 

eipyfca, perf. pass, eiprjfiai, aor. 

pass. kppr)-&r]v and eppid-qv. To 

speak, to say, to tell, to relate. 

In Attic, <j>r//ii used as pres. and 

eIttov as 2d aor. 
kpwdtoc, ov, 6. A heron. 
£pc*>g, urog, 6 (from kpdto, to love). 

Love, desire. 
"Epug, urog, 6. Cupid or Eros, the 

god of Love, son of Venus. — Also, 

Love personified. 
epcorao, u, fut. -7Jgcj, perf. r)pciTr\Ka. 

To ask, to question, to inquire. 
tpuTTjfta, drog, to (from epurdu). 

A question, an inquiry. 
'EpoTidevc, euc, 6 (dim. of epwg ; 

see note, p. 172, Ode iv., line 13). 

A Loveling, a young Love. 
epurlKog, r), 6v (adj. from Ipug, love). 

Amorous, enamoured, 
ic, Ionic and poetic, but seldom Attic, 

for elf. Into, &c. — If te, till, even 

to, until. 
£o6al?M, Ionic for elaSd/./.o. 
kadop-evov, Doric for e&ftevov. See 

e^o/nai. 
badexouai, fut. -6e^ofj.au, &c, Ionic 

for dodex°t iaL (from etc-, into, and 

dexouai, to take). To take or 

receive into, to admit. 
ha-d-EU), u, fut. -you, perf. f/G&rjKa 

(from satiric;). To clothe, to dress. 
kc~&r)c, tjtoc, i] (from eativv, 1st aor. 

pass, of evvvfii, to clothe). Cloth- 
ing, raiment, a dress, 
tatiiu and poetic eg-&g> (used only in 

pres. and imperf, the other tenses 

from e6u), fut. e6op.at, perf. sdrjSo- 

na, perf. pass. kdTJdEGfiac, 2d aor. 

act. (from <j>ayo) stydyov. To eat. 
eo"&?i,6g, f), 6v (adj.). Good, brave, 

noble, excellent, honourable. 
taZdeiv, poetic for eiatdetv, from e'lg- 

eido). 
JtaoTzrpov, Ionic for elcoTrrpov, ov, to. 

A mirror, 
iairepa, ac, t) (prop. fern, of eairepoc, 

with copa understood). Evening. 
ioTrspZoe, a, ov (adj. from ecJTrepog, 

evening) . Of evening, of the west, 

western, westerly. — As a noun, 

% kairepia, the evening, the west, 
earia, ac, r). A hearth. — irapa ttjv 
Rr3 



ETP 

EGTiav. See note, page 147, line 
2-8. 

ecTLdu, (j, fut. -aoo, perf. elaridiia 
(from earia, a family hearth). To 
receive into a house, to entertain, 
to give a feast to. — kcridv yuuovg, 
to make a nuptial feast. — In the 
middle, to feast, to banquet. 

kaxo-nd, uc, if (from egxcitoc). The 
farthest portion, the extreme limit, 
the remotest confine. 

EGxurog, rj, ov (adj. from egxov, 2d 
aor. of ex u i to have or hold ; hold- 
ing or bordering uponl). At the 
farthest extremity, outermost, last, 
extreme, most remote. 

ego, poetic for elgu (adv.). Within, 
inner. — r) ego {ruAaGaa, the inner 
sea, i. e., the Mediterranean. 

ETaipa, ac, i) (fern, of iralpoc). A 
mistress, a courtesan. 

eraipia, ag, i) (from sraipog). A 
society, a political club. 

k-aZpog, ov, epic and Ionic trdpog, 
ov, 6. A companion, an associate, 
a friend. 

ETspog, a, ov (adj. pron.). The other 
(of two, like the Latin alter), the 
one, other. 

ETspog (adv. from ETspog). Other- 
wise, differently. 

ET-fjGiot;, ov and og, n Ionic for a, ov 
(adj. from frog, a year). Yearly, 
annual. — As a noun, ol ErfJGiai, 
and oi ettjglol dvEjj.01, the Etesian 
winds, winds that prevail every 
year at the same season, blowing 
for a stated period in the same di- 
rection. 

£T7)Tvp:og, ov and og, rj, ov (adj., length- 
ened form of Ervfiog). Genuine, 
tried. — Faithful, trustworthy. 

etc (adv.). As yet, still, even now, 
farther, yet, besides. — ovk en, no 
longer. 

ETOLjiog ov (adj.). Ready, prepared. 

EToi/ujg (adv. from Eroifcog). Readi- 
ly, promptly. 

ETog, sog, to. The year. — naf srog, 
yearly. 

''ETpovGKot, ov, ol. The Etruscans 
or Etrurians, a nation of Italy 
formed from the union of Pelasgian 
colonists with the native inhabi- 
tants. 

473 



ETA 

ervuog, rj, ov and og, ov (adj.). Ac- 
tual, true, real. 

ev (adv. from evg, good). Well, 
rightly, happily. — ev fid?M, very, 
extremely. 

~Evayopac ov, 6. Evagoras, a king 
of Cyprus, who retook Salarais 
from the Persians. He was noted 
for his integrity and love of justice. 

evade. See note, page 176, Idyl iii., 
line 7. 

tvdpfioarog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
dp{io£o, to Jit). Well fitting, well 
adapted, accommodating. 

~Ev6oevc, eog, 6. A Eubcean, an 
inhabitant of Euboza. 

Ev6oid, ae, rj. Euboza, a large island 
of Greece in the JEgean Sea, lying 
along the coast of Locris, Bceotia, 
and Attica. It is now called 
Negropont. 

evSoroc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
jSootcw, to feed). Abounding in 
rich pastures, rich in pasturage. 

e$ye (adv. for ev ye). Well done! 
very well ! 

evyeveid, ac } rj (from evyevr/c). 
Noble birth, excellence of character, 
lofty sentiments, valour. 

evyevrjc, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
yevoe, birth). Of noble birth, 
noble, honourable, of illustrious de- 
scent. 

evyvofioavvn, ng, rj (from evyvofiov). 
Goodness, gentleness, generosity, 
justice. 

evyvouov, ov (adj . from ev, well, and 
yvofin, disposition). Of a kind 
disposition, well disposed, prudent, 
reasonable, just. 

evdaifioveo, €), fut. -rjao, perf. nvdai- 
fiovnua (from evdaifiov). To be 
happy, to be wealthy. 

evdatfiovia, ac, rj (from evdaifiov). 
Happiness, felicity, prosperity. 

evdaifioveo, fut. -Ico, perf. nvdai- 
fioviica (from evdaifiov). To es- 
teem happy, to felicitate. 

evdaifibvog (adv. from evdaifiov). 
Happily, prosperously. 

evdaifiov, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
daifiov, a genius). Having a 
good genius. — Hence, fortunate, 
happy, wealthy. 

eifdevdpoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
474 



ETH 

devdpov, a tree). Abounding in 
trees, well-wooded. 

evdnlog, ov (adj . from ev, easily, and 
dfjAoc, visible). Easily seen, very 
visible, evidently manifest. 

evdca, ac, i] (from ev, well, and Aic, 
obsolete form for Zevc, as indica- 
ting the firmament or sky). Clear 
weather. — A calm at sea. — Quiet, 
rest, tranquillity. 

evdoKLfieo, o, fut. -quo, perf. nvdo- 
nifirjua (from evdontuog). To en- 
joy public esteem, to gain applause, 
to be praised. 

eidoKLfioc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
doicL/uoc, tried). Approved, re- 
nowned, esteemed, respectable. 

evdofiec, Doric for evdofiev. 

evdo, fut. evdrjao, perf. nvdnna, 2d 
aor. rjvdov, poetic evdov. To sleep. 

eveiuov, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
elfia, a dress). Well-dressed, 
richly clad, fair-robed. 

eveXacog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
ekaia, an olive-tree). Abounding 
in olives, rich in olives or oil. 

EveTiiuc, i, gen. Xdoc (adj. from ev, 
well, and elwig, hope). Filled 
with bright hopes, confident, hope- 
ful. 

evepyeaca, ag, rj (from evepyrjg, well 
done). Beneficence, an act of 
kindness, kindness. 

evepyereo, o, fut. -tjgo, perf. evvpye- 
TVKa (from evepyerijg, a benefac- 
tor). To confer benefits, to bene- 
fit, to do good, to be kind. 

evepyirrjfia, drog, to (from evepye- 
reo). A kindness, a benefit, a fa- 
vour. 

evepyerrjg, ov, 6 (from ev, well, and 
epyov, a work). One who per- 
forms good deeds, a benefactor. 

evepvrjg, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
epvog, a shoot). Blossoming well, 
in full bloom, flourishing. 

evernpia, ag, rj (from ev, well, and 
erog, a year). A year of abun- 
dance, a fortunate year, a rich har- 
vest. 

ev^ovog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
Covn, a girdle). Fair-girdled. 

evrj&rjg, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
Tf&og, habit). Ingenuous, sincere. 
— Simple, foolisK 



ETK 

evqfiepeu, (b, fut. -rjau, perf. evi]jie- 
pwna (from EvrijiEpog, successful). 
To have a successful or fortunate 
day, to gain one^s point. 

~Evyp7]c, eoc contr. ovg, 6. Everes, 
the father of Tiresias. 

evd-tl7i7jc, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
■&d?i?ao, to bloom). Blooming lux- 
uriantly, verdant. — Flourishing. 

ev-&apG7Jc, ec (adj. from ev, well, and 
■&apaoc, daring). Intrepid, bold, 
courageous. 

evdeZa, ag, r] (properly fern, of evdvc, 
with 666c, path, understood). A 
straight or direct road, a straight 
line. 

ev&eteo, «, fut. -yco, perf. nv-&erwKa 
(from einS-eroc). To arrange in 
proper order, to dispose properly. 

ev-&eroc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and ri- 
■&7jfii y to arrange). Well- arranged, 
suitable, adapted to. 

evd-ETue (adv. from evderoc). Prop- 
erly, suitably. 

Evdeoc (adv. from ev&vc, straight). 
Straightforward, instantly, quick- 
ly, directly. 

ev-d-nvia, ag, rj (a later form of sb&ij- 
VEta, from ev&nvsG), to flourish). 
Abundance, prosperity. — Fertility. 

ev&vjuoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, 
and -d-vfjLoc, mind). Well-disposed, 
cheerful, generous, gay, steadfast. 

Evd-vftuc (adv. from ev-&v/j,oc). Will- 
ingly, cheerfully, resolutely. 

evd-vva, ng, and later ev&vvtj, ng, tj 
(from Evd-vvu, to make straight), 
used most commonly in the plural. 
An investigation, inquisition, a 
research. 

ev&vc, Eta, v (adj.). Straight, in a 
line, erect. — As an adverb, ev&vg 
and ev&v, straightforward, directly 
to, of place ; immediately, directly, 
of time. 

evttatpoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
Kaipoc, a season). In good season, 
at a fitting time, suitable, conve- 
nient, opportune. — Superlative, in 
the neuter plural, as an adverb, 
EVKatpordra, most opportunely, 
most seasonably or favourably, 
evuaipuc (adv. from Evuatpoc). Op- 
portunely, seasonably, timely. 
evKafnrr/g, ig (adv. from sv, well, and 



EYN 
KdfnrTu, to bend). Well-bent, 
gracefully-curved. 

evuapwia, ac, 77 (from EVKaptroc). 
Fecundity, fruitfulness. 

evKapiroc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
Kapnog, fruit). Abounding in 
fruit, fruitful. 

evnlvnoia, ac, ij (from evkIvtjtoc). 
Facility of motion, agility. 

evuivTjToc, ov (adj. from ev, easily, 
and kIveo), to move). Easily 
moved, moveable. — Nimble, active. 

evkXetjc, ec (adj. from ev, well, and 
ic?i£oc,fame). Famous, renowned, 
illustrious, virtuous, honourable. 

EvtcXEta, ag, rj (from EvuTiErjg). Fame, 
glory, celebrity, renown. 

TZvuXEidng, ov, 6. Euclides, a native 
of Megara, the pupil and follower 
of Socrates. He founded the 
Megaric sect. 

EVKoTiog, ov (adj. from ev, easily, and 
Kokov, food). Easily suited as 
to food. — Hence, easy, gentle. — 
Comparative, in neuter, as an ad- 
verb, evKO?io)TEpov, more easily or 
promptly. 

EVupaoLa, ag, 37 (from ev, well, and 
KEpdvvi'fiL, to mix). A proper mix- 
ture. — Agreeable temperature, sa- 
lubrity of climate. 

evKTijiEvog, rj, ov (adj. from ev, well, 
and KTife, to build). Well-built, 
well-arranged. 

EvXaSeo/uaL, ov/xai, fut. -rjGOfxai, perf. 
nvM67]/j,ai (from evXaSr/g, circum- 
spect). To be circumspect, to 
avoid, to shun, to beware of. 

evItj, 7Jg, 7] (from el2.eu, to move in a 
curve ?). A worm. 

evfj.eye-&^g, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
ueyed-og, size). Of large size, 
tall, great. 

EvurjKvg, Eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
lifjuog, length). Of great length, 
long, tall. 

ev^fj.elirjg f iu>, poet, for evpfieling, 
ov, 6 (from ev, well, and fieXia, an 
ash). One who is skilful in wield- 
ing the ash-handled spear, a brave 
warrior, one skilled in combat. 

EVjiiopcpia, ag, ?j (from ev, well, and 
fioptyr], a form). Beauty of form, 
symmetry, a fair exterior. 
evvaiETauv, uoa, ov (as if the parti- 
475 



EYII 

ciple of an obsolete verb, evvcue- 
rdcj, from ev, well, and valerate, 
to inhabit). Agreeable to dwell in, 
well-situated. 

evvt], yg, i] (akin to svdu, to sleep). 
A couch., a bed. 

kvvvTjToc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
veco, to spin), poetic for evvrjTog. 
Well-woven, well-spun. 

evvoid, ag, y (from evvovg, well-dis- 
posed). Kindly feeling, kindness, 
affection, regard. 

ei>vo/u.ia, ag, 7) (from ev, well, and 
vojuoc, a law). A good constitu- 
tion, a wise political institution, 
wisdom of legislation. 

'Evvo l uia, ac, y. Eunomia, one of 
the three Hours, goddess of good 
order. 

evvooc, oov, contr. evvovg, ovv (adj. 
from ei), well, and vooc, vovg, 
mind). Well-disposed, kind, af- 
fectionate, friendly. — As a noun, 
in the neuter, to evvovv, kind dis- 
position. 

"EviJEivoc (tovtoc), 6. The Euxinc 
(sea). According to the common 
opinion, its earliest name was v Af - 
svoc (inhospitable), in allusion to 
the character of the nations along 
its shores ; and this name was 
changed to Ev&ivog (hospitable) 
when Grecian colonists had settled 
and introduced the usages of civ- 
ilized life on these same coasts. 

Evtjeoroc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
£J£C), to scrape). Well-polished. 

evotvoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
olvoc, wine). Producing good 
wine, abounding in wine. 

svoofioc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
6a/nr}, smell). Odoriferous, sweet- 
smelling. 

EV'KEL'&rjg, he (adj. from ev, easily, 
and TVEid-ofiai, to be persuaded). 
Easily persuaded, obedient. 

EV7cei-&Q)c (adv. from evneL&rjc). Sub- 
missively, obediently. 

evireirhog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
7T£7ivloc, a garment). Well-dress- 
ed, fair-robed. 

evirnnTog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
iryyvvftai, to be joined). Well- 
joined, compact, well-built, firm. 

EVTzMnauog, ov (adj. from ev, well, 
476 



ETP 

and nl6Ka/j.og, a curl or lock). 
Having beautiful locks, fair-hair- 
ed. 

evKoiew, o, fut. -yco, perf. yv^oirjKa 
(from ev, well, and ttocecj, to do). 
To do good, to render service to. 

~EvTro?iig, tog, 6. Eupolis, a comic 
poet of Athens. 

EVTropeo, £>, fut. -Tjoo, perf. yviropyKa 
(from Eviropog). To abound in, to 
be possessed of abundant means. 
— The middle voice with the same 
signification. 

Evuopia, ag, y (from EVTropiu). Abun- 
dance, abundant means, wealth. 

E-VTvopog, ov (adj. from ev, easily, and 
nopog, a passage). Affording- an 
easy passage, possessing ready 
means, having power, wealthy. 

Eviropog (adv. from Evizopog). Abun- 
dantly, plentifully, with abundant 
means. 

evirorfiia, ag, 7) (from einroT/Liog, 
lucky). A happy lot, good for- 
tune, happiness. 

evTtpayia, ag, 7) (from evTtpayEO), to 
be successful). Success, prosper- 
ity, good fortune. 

EVTrpeTtEca, ag, 7) (from EVTrpEmjg). 
Decorum, dignity, beauty, a spe- 
cious pretext, propriety. 

EvirpETrfjg, Eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
7rp£7rw, to be becoming). Of noble 
appearance, becoming, decorous, 
beautiful, specious. 

EVTTTEpog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
Trrepov, a whig). Well-winged, 
fleet. 

EvpEoig, Eug, i] (from EvpicKo, to in- 
vent). An invention? a discovery. 

EvpETvg, ov, 6 (from the same). An 
inventor, a discoverer. 

Evpr/ua, arog, to (from the same). 
An invention, a discovery, any- 
thing found, a prize. 

'Evplmdr/g, ov, 6. Euripides, a cel- 
ebrated Athenian tragic poet, born 
in the island of Salamis, B.C. 480. 
Late in life he retired to the court 
of Archelaus, king of Macedonia, 
where he met with a violent death 
in his seventy-fifth year, having 
been dreadfully mangled by some 
ferocious hounds. 

'Evplrcog, ov, 6. Euripus, a narrow 



ETP 

strait, dividing Euboea from the 
main land of Greece, remarkable 
for the irregular ebb and flow of 
its tide, whence its name (from ev, 
easily, and plrrro, to throw). — 
Also, a canal. 

evpiGKcj, fut. evpTjcu, perf. Evpr/Ka, 
2d aor. Evpov. To find, to light 
upon, to invent, to discover. 

'EvpvStadijc, ov, 6. Eurybiddes, a 
Spartan, general of the Grecian 
fleet at the battles of Artemisium 
and Salamis against Xerxes, in- 
ferior to Themistocles in all the 
qualities of a good commander. 

EvpvdlKn, nc, tj. Eurydice, the wife 
of the poet Orpheus. 

Evpvdfxoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
p~v&[j,6c, rhythm). Harmonious, 
rhythmical, well-adjusted. 

'Evpvuedcov, ovroc, 6. Eurymedon, 
a river of Pamphylia in Asia Minor, 
near which the Persians were de- 
feated by Cimon, B.C. 470. It 
is now the Zacuth. 

evpvq, Eta, v (adj.). Broad, wide. 

~Evpva-&Evc, sue, 6. Eurystheus, son 
of Sthenelus, and king of Argos 
and Mycenae. He imposed on 
Hercules the performance of the 
twelve perilous enterprises known 
as the twelve labours of Hercules. 

EvpvGTouoc, ov (adj. from evpvc, and 
arojia, a mouth). Wide-mouthed, 
having a wide opening. 

~Evpi>Toc, ov, 6. Eurytus, a son of 
Mercury, and one of the Argo- 
nauts. 

Evpvxupvc £f (adj. from evpvc, wide, 
and ^wpew, to contain). Capa- 
cious, comprehensive, spacious. 

~EvpuTT7), nc, r). 1. Europe, one of 
the three main divisions of the an- 
cient world. — 2. Europa, daugh- 
ter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia. 
She was carried off, while gather- 
ing flowers in the meadows with 
her attendants, by Jupiter, who 
had assumed the form of a beauti- 
ful white bull. 

Evpurae, a, 6. Eurotas, the largest 
river in the Peloponnesus. It 
rises in Arcadia, and, after flowing 
a short distance, disappears under 
ground. It reappears in Laconia, 



EXT 

traverses that province, passing by 
Sparta, and empties into the sea 
near Helos. 

EvpuTiau, u, fut. -idao, perf. nvpo- 
TiuKa (from svptoc, mould). To 
become mouldy. 

eve, gen. kfjog, accus. evv (adj.). 
Good, brave, &c. See note, page 
165, line 55. 

EVGapnoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
Gap^, flesh). Fleshy, plump. 

evgeIjelu, ac, t) (from EvaE6r)g). Re- 
ligious feeling, piety, devotion. 

evo-e&t]c, ec (adj. from ev, well, and 
ge6u>, to worship). Pious, reli- 
gious. 

evoecgtoc, ov (adj. from ev, easily, 
and aeio), to shake). Easily sfia- 
ken, subject to earthquakes. 

Evarjuoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
GTJua, a mark). Well-marked, 
easily recognised. 

Evard&Eia, ac, ij (from EVGTa-&7Jc, 
steady). Stability, steadiness, 
firmness. 

Evaroxia, ac, r) (from evgtoxoc, aim- 
ing accura tely). Accuracy of aim, 
skill, discernment. 

evgtoxoc (adv. from evgtoxoc, aim- 
ing accurately). Skilfully, uner- 
ringly, pi oyerly. 

evte, Ion. yxiTE (adv., poet, for ote). 
When, as. 

evtekvoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
tekvov, a child). Having illustri- 
ous children, having a numerous 
offspring, fruitful. 

evTEkEia, ac, r) (from evrel-fjc). Fru- 
gality, economy, moderate expend- 
iture, cheapness. — Poverty. 

evteTitjc, ec (adj. from ev, well, and 
teXoc, expense). Requiring little 
expense, not costly, frugal, poor. 

~EvT£pTcn, rjc, y. Euterpe, one of the 
Muses, daughter of Jupiter and 
Mnemosyne, goddess of music. 
The name comes from ev, well, 
and ripizo), to please. 

evtl$u.gg£vtoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, 
and Tf&aGGEvo), to tame). Easy 
to tame. 

evTovia, ac, 7) (from evtovoc). Vig- 
our, strained effort, force, perse- 
verance. 

evtovoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
477 



ETX 

Teivo), to stretch). Stretched out, 
strained. — Strong. 

evrovuc (adv. from evrovog). Vig- 
orously, pcnoerfully, with good 
aim. 

evrvx^o), t), fut. -fjou, perf. nvrvxn- 
Ka (from evtvxw). To succeed in 
obtaining. — Neuter, to be fortu- 
nate, to prosper. 

EVTvxrjjjia, drog, to (from evtvxecj). 
An object attained, success, good 
fortune, a lucky event. 

evTvxvc, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
Tvyxavu, to succeed, 2d aor. inf. 
rvxelv). Succeeding well, suc- 
cessful, lucky, fortunate. 

evrvxia, ag, i] (from evtvxe(S). The 
attainment of an object, success, 
good fortune, prosperity. 

evrvxti? (adv. from e-vrvxvc)- Suc- 
cessfully, prosperously, fortunate- 

evvdpoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
vdcop, water). Abounding in 
streams, well-watered. 

evi)(j>7}c, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
v<paivo, to weave). Well-woven. 

ev^rjfiico, £>, fut. -rjou>, perf. nvfyfjpn- 
Ka (from ev^rjpog, of good omen). 
To utter words of good omen. — 
To hush and remain silent. See 
note, page 144, line 9-18. 

eiKpopia, ac, r] (from evtyopog). Fer- 
tility, abundance. 

ev(j>opoc, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
(popeu for (pepu, to bear). Bearing 
abundantly, fertile, productive. 

'Evtyparnc, ov, 6. Euphrates, a large 
and well-known river of Asia. 

ev<j)V7Jc, ic (adj. from ev, well, and 
<pv(j>, to grow). Gracing well or 
rapidly, thriving. — Fertile. 

Ev<pvta, ac, tj (from evtyvqc). Thri- 
ving growth. — Good disposition, 
talent, ability, native excellence. 

evtyvXaKTog, ov (adj. from ev, well, 
and (pvTiacou), to guard). Well- 
guarded, closely watched. 

eixpvtjg (adv. from ev(j)v?/g). Thri- 
vingly, well, gently, kindly, fa- 
vourably. 

Evfuvog, ov (adj. from ev, well, and 
(povrj, a voice). Having a clear 
voice, clear-toned, tuneful. 

ivxerdop.ai, ti/iai (poet, for e^'o^at), 
478 



E$H 

used only in the present and im- 
perfect. To entreat, &c. 
evxv, V c i V (from ei>xoju.at). A sup- 
plication, a prayer, a vow. 
evxopai, fut. ev^op.ai, perf. pass., in 
the active or middle signification, 
nvypiai, and without augment evy- 
fiai, 2d aor. ni>x6p.nv (from the 
obsolete ei>x(o, to long for). To 
pray, to offer up prayers, to sup- 
plicate, to vow, to boast, to declare 
or assert one's self proudly, 
evxprjoria, ag, rj (from evxPV aT0C i 
useful). Convenience, ease, ad- 
vantage, profit. 
evx^Vi V c i V (from evxofiai). A 
vow, a petition, a prayer, a wish, 
a boast, a source of boasting. 
ev66rjg, eg (adj. from ev, well, and 
6£w, to smell, perf. mid. oduda). 
Sweet-scented, fragrant, odorifer- 
ous. 
evtjdia, ag, rj (from evudvg). Sweet 

odour, fragrance, 
ev&iug, Zdog, 7} (from ev, fair, and 
&tp, the eye). Having beautiful 
eyes, fair-eyed, lovely to behold. 
evcjxeu, w, fut. -r}oo, perf. vvuxTjua 
(from ei>, well, and bxv,food). To 
feed well, to satiate. — In the mid- 
dle, to satisfy one's self, to feast, 
to banquet, 
eixoxta, ag, ij (from evox^)- A 

feast, a banquet, feasting. 
etpaiTTig, idog, q (from epaTrro), to 
bind on). A military cloak, an 
outer garment. 
ecpe^TJg (adv. from err/, in addition, 
and e^i/g, in order). In order one 
after another, in due order, next, 
farther on. 
E<peirto, fut. epeipo, 2d aor. ettectkov, 
inf. etvlotzelv (from kni, upon, and 
ena, to follow). To follow closely 
upon, to pursue, to press hard 
upon. — In the middle, to follow, to 
yield to, to obey. 
E<p£Tprj, rig, r) (from kfyinpu, to enjoin 
upon). An order, a command, a 
commission. 
e(j)j]6og, ov, 6 and tj (adj. from kiri, at, 
and ^6t), puberty). Having ar- 
rived at the age of puberty. In 
Athens, applied to a young man 
who had reached his eighteenth 



E$0 
year, or to a girl who had reached 
her fourteenth. Mostly used in 
the plural, ol e<j)7]6ot, grown young 
men, youths. 

tyr)[J.epoc, ou (adj. from km, for, and 
rjfjLEpa, a day). Lasting for a day, 
ephemeral. 

k<f>r/fxepov, ov, to (prop. neut. of kip^fie- 
poc, with £uov understood). The 
Ephemeron. See note, page 55, 
line 7-10. 

etpCKTog, ov (adj. from ktyixveouat, 
to attain unto). Attainable, within 
reach. 

tyirrxoe, ov (adj. from km, upon, and 
Ittttoc, a horse). On horseback, 
mounted, riding. 

k(j>i7TTd/xat, future kmizTrjOOfiai, &c. 
(from km, upon, and "cxiauaL, tofly). 
To fly down upon, tofly towards. 

kcpLcrnfii, fut. kmarrjocj, &c. (from 
km, upon, and lo-Trjui, to place). 
To place upon, to set over, to ap- 
point, to add to. — As a neuter, the 
perf. k(f>£GT7}na, 1 stand upon, &c, 
2d aor. kirkarrjv, I stood upon, I 
stood with, I aided. 

k(j>6dioc, ov (adj. from km, for, and 
666c, a journey). Necessary for 
a journey, necessary. — As a noun, 
in pi., to. k(j>66ta, the perquisites. 

kepopao), w, fut. ktyopaoo, more com- 
monly kiroipofxai, &c. (from km, 
over, and opao, to look). To look 
over, to survey, to inspect, to look 
down upon. 

k(popfido), £>, fut. -rioo, &c. (from km, 
upon, and opftdco, to urge). To 
urge upon. — Neuter, to rush upon, 
to assail, to attack. 

l<popog, ov, 6 (from kfyopdu). An in- 
spector. 

"Ecfiopoc, ov, 6. 1. An Ephorus; 
mostly in plural, ol "E<}>opot, the 
Ephori, powerful magistrates at 
Sparta, whose duty it was to watch 
over the rights of the people and 
check the power of the kings. 
They were five in number, and 
elected annually. — 2. Ephorus, a 
Greek historian who flourished 
B.C. 352. He wrote a history of 
Greece from the return of the Her- 
aclids to the 20th year of Philip 
of Macedon. It is now lost. 



EXS2 

k(j>v6pl&, fut. -icro, &c. (from kiri, 
intens., and vBpt^o), to insult). To 
insult grossly, to treat with con- 
tumely. 

k(pvnep-&e (from km, on, and inrepde, 
above). Up on, on the top, above. 

kx'&pa, ac, ri (prop. fem. of kx&poc). 
Hatred, enmity, hostility. 

kx'&poc, a, 6v (adj. from ex&oc, hatred, 
which from l^w, to hold on, to last). 
Hated. — Hostile, inimical. — As a 
noun, kx&poc, ov, 6, an enemy, a 
private foe who bears lasting hatred, 
corresponding to the Latin inimi- 
cus ; and opposed to iroTiefXioc, a 
public and open enemy, in Latin 
hostis. 

exi6va, nc, rj. A viper. 

"E^idVa, nc, rj. Echidna, a cele- 
brated monster, the offspring of 
Chrysaor and Callirhoe. She is 
represented as a beautiful woman 
in the upper parts of the body, but 
as a serpent below the waist. 

'F.xlvd6ec, uv, at. The Echinddes, 
a group of small islands formerly 
lying opposite the mouth of the 
Achelous, but which have become 
connected with the main land by 
the alluvial deposites made by the 
river. 

kx'ivoQ, ov, 6. The echinus. — x e P' 
aaloc exlvoc, a hedge-hog. 

'E^iov, ovoc, 6 Echion, one of the 
men who sprang from the dragon's 
teeth sown by Cadmus. He as- 
sisted Cadmus in building Thebes, 
for which service he received in 
marriage Agave, the daughter of 
the latter, by whom he became the 
father of Pentheus. 

ex<>>, fut. e^u and axv a( ^t P er f- £<*- 
XV Ka i 2d aor. eoxov, imp. axkc, 
opt. cxolrjv, &c. To have, to hold, 
to keep, to contain, to stay. — Neu- 
ter, to contain or keep one's self, 
to prevail, to obtain; as, loyoc. 
ex?i, a report prevails. It acquires 
peculiar meanings in different 
phrases ; as, tyst-v (3iov, to lead a 
life. — With an inf., to have the 
power, to be able, to know how. — 
With an. adverb it signifies to be ; 
as, KaKuc ex eLv i i0 De badly off, to 
be suffering: bpd&g exeiv, to be 
479 



ZET 

right: ev exelv, to be well, i. e., 
to have itself badly, &c, some part 
of iavrov being understood. — In 
the middle, to hold to or by, to attach 
one's self to, to cultivate the friend- 
ship of, with the genitive. — Pres. 
part, exofisvoc, n, ov, attached to, 
connected with, bordering upon, 
next. 

$<>)■& ev (adv. from 'dog, dawn). From 
the dawn, in the morning. 

so&ivoc, ii, ov (adj. from ewe, dawn). 
Of or belonging to dawn, morning, 
early, matin. — Eastern. — ef eo&i- 
vov, from early dawn. 

Iwf (Ionic rjioc, Doric due), gen. eu, 
T]. The dawn, daybreak, morning. 
— The east. 

%ac (adv.)- Until, till, up to, as far 
as, as long as, while, when. 



£ao, u (fut. £7<7G> and perf. l^nna are 
seldom used ; for which, in the 
better Attic writers, the corre- 
sponding tenses of j3iou are em- 
ployed). To breathe, to live, to 
exist. — ol £uvtec, the living. The 
contractions in this verb are in n 
instead of a ; as, £aw, 2d sing. 
C,uelc, (jje ; 3d, £dei, Cy, &c. ; im- 
perf. ifyiv, e&c, £&i &c. 
Cea, ac, rj. Spelt, a species of corn. 
^evyvvp-i, fut. frvtjco, perf. eC,evxo. 
To join, to yoke, to harness, to 
unite together. — It is also used in 
the sense of to throw a bridge over 
a river or strait, i. e., to join the 
opposite sides by a bridge. 
£evyoc, eoc, to (from Zsvyvv/Lii). A 
team, a pair, a couple, a yoke, a 
span. 
Zevtjic, Tdoc, 6. Zeuxis, a celebrated 
painter born at Heraclea. He 
flourished about 468 B.C., and 
was contemporary with Parrhasius. 
2.EVC, gen. Acoc (from obs. Aic) and 
Znvoc, 6. Jupiter, son of Saturn 
and Ops, the most powerful of all 
the gods of the ancients. He 
dethroned his father, and divided 
the empire of the world with his 
two brothers Neptune and Pluto, 
reserving for himself the kingdom 
of heaven. 
480 



zao 

Zfyvpoc, ov, 6 (from £6<poc, darkness). 
Zephyrus, one of the winds, son 
of Astraus and Aurora. — Also, 
the west-wind, a zephyr or gentle 
breeze. 
few, fut. fecrw, perf. sfrita. To boil. 
fyXorvTCECJ, €), fut. -rjau, perf. e&Tio- 
rvnrjKa (from &"koTviroc, jealous 
or envious). To be jealous, 
fyrfkbu, £>, fut. -uoa, perf. e&Xoko. 
(from Cffkoc, emulation). To emu- 
late, to admire warmly, to strive 
to imitate, to pursue emulously. 
fymia, ac, r/. Injury, harm, loss, 
punishment. 

&[j,l6u, o), fut. -16<ju, perf. kfyfiiuKa 
(from ^njuta). To cause loss to, to 
injure, to fine, to chastise, to pun- 
ish. 

Z.7]vov, iovoc, 6. Zeno, the founder 
of the sect of the Stoics, born at 
Citium in the island of Cyprus. 

fyreu, &, fut. -ijau, perf. E^rr/tca. 
To seek, to search for, to long for, 
to ask, to desire. 

Zijrnc, ov, 6. Zetes, a son of Bo- 
reas, who, with his brother Calais, 
accompanied the Argonauts to 
Colchis. They were both winged, 
and in Thrace they delivered Phi- 
neus from the Harpies. 

tyrnaie, euc, tj (from ^vteu). A 
seeking, a search, asking. 

£ofEp6c, a, ov (adj. from $<poc, dark- 
ness). Dark, obscure, gloomy. 

£vyoc, ov, 6 (from &vywpi, to yoke). 
A yoke. 

£vyoo, u>, fut. -uoo), perf. ktyyoKa 
(from (.vyoc). To yoke, to join 
together. 

faypatyiu, ti, fut. -rjco, perf. s&ypd- 
<j>rjKa (from fwov, an animal, and 
ypd<pto, to paint). To draio or 
paint (properly the figures of men 
or animals from the life). 

£6diov, ov, to (dim. of fwov, an ani- 
mal). A small animal. 

&rj, fie, ij (from (ww, epic for £dco, 
to live). Life, a mode of life, a 
living. 

^uoyovECj, €>, fut. -Tjoa, perf. h^uoyo- 
vrjKa (from &6c, living, and ysvu, 
to produce). To produce living 
animals, to bring forth its yoiwg 
alive, to bring forth. — To ?wurish 



HrE 

or maintain alive. — to. faoyovn- 

■&evra, animals born living, 
faoyovla, ac, i) (from faoyovetj). 

The production of living young, 

creation of living animals. 
&ov, ov, to (from &6c, alive). A 

living creature, an animal. 
&6c, i], ov (adj. from &u, Ionic and 

poetic for £uw, to live). Living, 

alive. 
£u>Gfj.a, aroQ, to (from i^uvvvjii, to 

gird). A waist-belt of warriors. 

— A girdle. 
faoTrjp, fjpoc, 6 (from the same). A 

waist-belt, a girth. — A girdle. 
fcjo, imperf. efaov (Ionic and epic 

for (aw). To breathe, to live, 

&.C. 

H. 

7] (conj.). Or, or else. — t) rj, 

either or. — After a com- 
parative, fj has the meaning of 
than. — In interrogations, whether? 
is it ? frequently rendered in En- 
glish by the tone of the voice. 

y (adv., properly dat. sing. fern. of oc,. 
t), 6, with 66C) understood). In 
which way, by which, whereby, 
whence, where. — In Attic, as, be- 
cause. 

7) (adv.), expressing confirmation, 
surely, truly, without doubt, cer- 
tainly. — Interrogatively, whether ? 
is it not so ? 

rj for ecpr/, 3d sing, imperf. ind. of 
t)uL. He said. 

7j6ao), 6>, fut. -r)oo, perf. r}6r/K.a (from 
7j6n). To attain the age of puberty, 
to possess the full strength and 
vigour of a man, to arrive at man- 
hood. — To be young. 

Tjtn, nc, i). Youth, the bloom of 
youth, puberty, virility. 

"H6n, tjc, 7]. Hebe, daughter of Ju- 
piter and Juno, the goddess of 
youth. She was made cup-bearer 
to the gods, and married to Her- 
cules after his ascent to heaven. 

jjyefiovta, ag, tj (from ?/ye/j.ovEO), to 
have the command). The suprema- 
cy, the chief command of the con- 
federate states of Greece, the he- 
gemony. 

yyeuuv, ovoc, 6 (from ■hyeofiai). A 
S s 



HGO 

leader, a chief, a guide. — The pi- 
lot-fish. 

Tjyeofiai, ovfiai, fut. -T/GO/nat, perf. 
TjyTjfiat (from uyu, to lead). To 
go before, to lead the way, to point 
out, to conduct, to be the first or 
chief. — To think, to deem, to re- 
gard as, to consider. 

'Hyf/fiuv, ovoc, 6. Hegemon. 

'Hyr/Gt?Mog, ov, 6. Hegesildus. 

VyrjTup, opoc, 6 (from 7/yio/xai, to 
lead). A leader, a conductor, a 
guide. 

t)6e (conj.). And, also. 

7}6eo)c (adv. from i)6vg, sioeet). Will- 
ingly, sweetly, pleasantly, cheer- 
fully. — Comparative ydiov ; su- 
perlative qdiGTa, most agreeably, 
&c. 

rjdn (adv.). Already, directly, now, 
at this instant. 

7)6iaTa (adv.), superlative of T/deoc . 

fydo/iai, fut. Tjoofiai, perf. iJG/uai (from 
uvdavu, uoco, to please). To please 
one's self, to delight in, to take 
pleasure in. 

i]dovr], Tjc, i) (from TJdouat). Pleas- 
ure, gratification, enjoyment. 

t)5vc, eta, v (adj.). Sweet, pleasing, 
agreeable, delightful, lovely, dear. 
— Attic comp. Tjdlov, superl. t)6ig- 
toc. — Neuter sing., as an adverb, 
T/diGTov, most sweetly, most agree- 
ably, &c. 

■hdvtyovoc, ov (adj. from r/dvc and 
(puvr}, a voice). Sweet-voiced, 
melodious, tuneful. 

'Hduvoi, £)v, ol. The Edoni or Edb- 
nes, a people of Thrace, dwelling 
on the left bank of the Strymon. 

r)e, poetic for t). Or. — Whether. 

ijepoeic, oeggo., 6ev (adj., Ionic and 
Homeric for aepoeic, from di/p in 
its Homeric signification of dusky 
air). Dark, dusky, cloudy, ob- 
scure. 

'Hericov, ovoc, 6. Eetion, the father 
of Andromache, was king of Hy- 
poplacian Thebe in Troas. 

Tjrjp, rjepoc, 6 and 7/ (Ionic and Ho- 
meric for aijp). Air, &c. 

7j-&oe, eoc contr. ovc, to (Ionic for 

e&oc). Custom, habit, a mode of 

acting, behaviour, manner. — An 

accustomed abode, a haunt. — The 

481 



HAO 

air and countenance, temper, char- 
acter. 

ijluv, ovog, 37. A shore, a hank. 

'Hiwv, ovog, rj. Eion, a town of 
Thrace, situated at the mouth of 
the Strymon. The place is now 
called Contessa. 

j/KCt. (adv.). Gently, softly. — Little. 
— Comp. tjggov or tjttov ; superl. 
if]Kiara. 

fyKieroe, 7], ov (adj. superl. and rjGGidV, 
ov, comp. assigned iofxinpog ; from 
37/ca, gently). Weakest, most fee- 
ble. — Smallest, least. — Neut. plu- 
ral as an adverb, TjKiGTa, least, in 
the smallest degree, by no means. 
— ox>x r/Ktara, especially. 

fynu, fut. fj^u>, perf. rjna. To come, 
to be present. — The present has the 
force of a perfect, I am here, i. e., 
I have come : the imperf. aspluperf., 
I teas present, i. e., I had come. 

7j7iO.KdTr], Tjc, rj. A distaff, a spin- 
dle. 

'Wketa, ac, 57. Elis, a district of the 
Peloponnesus, lying west of Ar- 
cadia. 

'HAfiot, ov, 01. The Eleans, in- 
habitants of Elis. 

'HTiEKrpa, ac, 7]. Electra, 1. A 
daughter of Agamemnon, king of 
Argos. — 2. A tragedy of Euripi- 
des, composed on the misfortunes 
of Electra, who, according to him, 
had been given in marriage to a 
needy peasant. 

7j"keKTpov, ov, to. Amber. 

ilkiula, ac, ?'} (from rjTit^, having at- 
tained full growth). Maturity, 
manhood, age, puberty, a suitable 
age. 

faint-ting, Xdoe, rj (fern, of faiKiCnng, 
a companion equal in years). A 
companion, a playmate. 

jjTanog, n, ov (adj. from ??/U£ having 
attained full growth). How large, 
how great. — Of so great size, cor- 
responding to the Latin quantus. 

fatog, ov, 6. The sun. — Day, a day. 

"H/Ubc, ov, 6. Helius or the Sun- 
god, in the earlier mythology the 
son of Hyperion and Euryphaessa, 
but after the age of Homer identi- 
fied with Apollo. 

ijfkog, ov, 6. A nail, a peg. 
482 



HMI 

'HXvgcov, ov, to, and 'Hlvciov 
Tcediov. Elysium, and the Ely- 
sian plain, a happy place at the 
western extremity of the earth, 
whither the gods removed the vir- 
tuous among men, after death, to 
dwell in an eternity of bliss. 

r}\iai, imperf. rj\ir]v ; the other tenses 
are supplied from Zfafiat. To be 
seated, to sit. — The compound 
Kiv$rip.ai is more commonly used 
in prose than the simple form. 

riixap, LXtoc, to (poetic for r/jnepa). A 
day. 

rjfiev, Doric for elvai, pres. infin. o! 
elfxi, to be. 

Tjftepa, ag, 7]. A day. — Ka& 7]p.ipav, 
day by day, daily. — //£•#' rjfispav, 
by day, in daytime. — a//' riiiipa, at 
daybreak, i. e., together with the 
day. 

rjfiepoSpopAo), u, fut. -tjgu, perf. r/fie- 
podpojunrta (from rjjxepa, and 6pa- 
fielv, 2d aor. inf. of Tpex^, to run). 
To run up and doivn the whole 
day. 

rj/uepog, ov (adj . ). Mild, gentle, tame, 
cultivated, domestic. 

rjueporvg, nroc, r\ (from rjfzepog). 
Tameness, gentleness, culture. 

rjjjiepoco, u, fut. -6gcj, perf. q/uepuKa 
(from r/fiepog). To tame, to render 
gentle, to improve by culture, to 
domesticate. 

qfiepoaic, euc, r] (from Tjfiepoo). The 
act of taming, domesticating, im- 
provement by culture. 

7/p.eTepoc, a, ov (poss. pron. from 
7/fieic, we). Our, ours. 

rjfiL (a form of <j>rjfii). I say. — 
Imperf, only 1st and 3d sing, in 
use, and only in the phrases, -qv & 
hyd, said I : fj 6' be, said he, in 
prose. In Homer, fi for tyn, he 
said. 

7jfuyvfj.voc, ov (adj. from 7]fu for 
rj/juovg, half and yvfzvog, naked). 
Half naked, thinly clad. 

7][illeTrTog, ov (adj. from rifii for %/ut- 
avg, half, and lerru, to peel off). 
Half peeled or shelled, half hatched. 

TifiiltTpiatog, a, ov (adj. from Tju'CkiT- 
pov, half a pound). Weighing 
half a pound. 

rjn'iovog, ov, tj, rarely 6 (from Tjfit for 



HPA 

r/fiicvg, half, and ovog, an ass). 
A mule. 

rjplavg, eia,v (adj.). Half. — Neuter 
as a noun, to fj/uov, the half. 

i/fUTeXijg, eg (adj. from ijptt for fy/xiovg, 
half and reXtcj, to finish). Half 
finished, unfinished, incomplete. 

t?/iipleKToc, ov (adj. from ijfci for 
rjutovg, half, and tyMyco, to burn). 
Half burned, half consumed by fire. 

rjv (conj.), Attic for uv or kav. If, 
when. — ijv fir], if not, miless. — "qv 
irep, even if, although. 

fjyia, ac, ij. A bridle, a rein. 

ijvXtca (adv.). When, at vihich time. 

rjvLoxeo), cj, fut. -rjao, perf. ijvioxqfca 
(from tjvloxoc). To hold the reins, 
to drive, to guide. 

tjvloxoc, ov, 6 (from rjvia, a rein, and 
e%6>, to hold). One who holds the 
reins, a charioteer, a driver. 

rjirap, arog, to. The liver. 

■qirecpoc, ov, rj. A continent, the 
main land. 

"HTrecpog, ov, ij. Epirus, a country of 
Greece, to the west of Thessaly, 
lying along the Adriatic. 

'llTCELpuTric, ov, 6. An Epirot, an 
inhabitant of Epirus. 

Tjirep (conj.). Or, and in compar- 
isons, as, than. 

TjirepoizEVTTjc, ov, 6 (from rjirepoTrevcj, 
to deceive). A deceiver, a seducer, 
a cheat. 

"Hpa, ac, h. Juno, a daughter of 
Saturn and Ops, was the sister and 
wife of Jupiter, queen of all the 
gods and mistress of heaven and 
earth. 

'H.paK%erjc, eeoc, contr. 'Hpa/cA^f, 
zovc. Hercules, son of Jupiter 
and Alcmena, the most powerful 
and distinguished of all the ancient 
heroes. 

HpuaXeioc. a, ov(adj.). 1. Of Her- 
cules, Herculean. — Neuter as a 
noun (lepov understood), 'Hpa/c- 
2,eiov, ov, to, the temple of Her- 
cules. — 2. (from 'Hpaicleta, Her- 
aclea). Heraclean. — 'Hpa/c/Ui'a 
M-&OC, the Heraclean stone, i. e., 
the magnet. See note, page 57, 
line 2. 

'Hp&KAsiToc, ov, 6. Heraclitus, a 
philosopher of Ephesus, who fiour- 



HTT 

ished about the 69th Olympiad, 
B.C. 504. 

'HpatcTietoTCKoe, rj, 6v (adj.). Of or 
belonging to Heracleopolis, Hera- 
cleotic. 

'HpaK/ieovc itoIlc, rj (literally, the 
city of Hercules). Heracleopolis, 
a city of Egypt, capital of the Her- 
acleotic nome. 

ijpEjieu, C>, fut. -rjao, perf. ijpefiVKa 
(from rjpep.a, quietly). To be or 
remain quiet, to be tranquil, to re- 
pose. 

'Hpcyovn, ng, rj. Erigone, a daugh- 
ter of Icarius, who hung herself 
when she heard that her father had 
been killed by some shepherds 
whom he had intoxicated. 

'Hpidavoc, ov, 6. Eridanus, the 
Greek name of the Padus, the 
largest river of Italy. It is now 
called the Po. 

rjpiov, ov, to (from epa, the earth). 
A tomb, a sepulchre. 

'HpodoTog, ov, 6. Herodotus, a cel- 
ebrated Greek historian, born at 
Halicarnassus B.C. 484. 

fypcog, oioc, 6. A hero. 

'Hacodoc, ov, 6. Hesiod, a Greek 

epic poet, born at Cuma in iEolia, 

^according to the common account, 

and called Ascrcean, from having 

been educated at Ascra in Boeotia. 

'Hatovrj, ng, ij. Hesione, a daughter 
of Laomedon, king of Troy. She 
was exposed to be devoured by a 
sea monster, but was delivered by 
Hercules. 

7javx('i-&, fut. -aau, perf. ijavx&Ka 
(from yavxog). To be at rest, to 
lead a quiet life, to be quiet. 

Tjovxia, ag, ij (from rjavxog). Free- 
dom from care, repose, quiet, tran- 
quillity. — ijovxiav exeiv, io remain 
quiet. — /catf' ijcvxlav, at leisure, 
quietly. 

rjavxog, ov (adj.). At rest, quiet, 
tranquil, at leisure. — Dat. sing, 
fern, as an adverb, ijavxv, leisurely, 
quietly, gently, softly. 

tjtol (conj.). Surely, doubtless, in- 
deed. 

rjTop, opog, to. The heart. 

Tjrra, ng, Attic for i/aaa, ng, ij (from 
•haauopai). Defeat, inferiority. 
483 



GAA 

ijTTau, co (Att. for rjGGdo), w, from 

TIGGOv), (at. ^GG), perf. 7JTTVKO. 

To render inferior, to conquer. — 
In the passive, to be inferior, to be 
surpassed, to be subdued, to yield 
to, followed by a genitive of the 
person. 

fjTTuv, ov, Att. for 7/gguv, ov (adj., 
assigned, as irreg. comp. to fwcpoc). 
Less, smaller, weaker, inferior, 
fewer, worse, followed by the gen- 
itive. — ox>x TjTTOv and ovdev tjttov, 
nevertheless, in like manner. 

ijVKO^iog, ov (adj., Ionic and poetic 
for evKOjiog, from sv, well, and no- 
[in, hair). Having beautiful hair, 
fair-haired. 

"HtpaiGTog, ov, 6. Vulcan, son of 
Jupiter and Juno, the god who 
presided over fire, and the patron 
of all such as worked in iron and 
other metals. 

riXeu, u, fut. -f/Go, perf. JJXV Ka (from 
rjXVy a sound). To sound, to re- 
sound, to clang, to utter, to sing. 

f]X L (adv., poetic for r)). Wliere. 

rjxoq, ov, 6 (a form of r)xv, used in 
prose). A noise, a sound. 

rix&, ooc, contr. ovc, t). A sound, 
an echo, a noise. 

ij6c, i]6oe, contr. ijovc, t). Dawn, 
the dawn of day, day. 

e. 

•&d\auoe, ov, 6. A room, a cham- 
ber, a bedroom. — The vjomen's 
apartment. 

&&XaGGa, nc, and Att. -dakarTa, nc, 
t) (from like, ■& taking the place of 
the rough breathing). 1. The sea. 
— 2. Sea, as a proper name, the 
same with Tethys, the goddess of 
the sea. 

"S-aAuGOioc, ov, and Att. daXaTTioc, 
ov (adj. from ■&dAaGGa). Of the 
sea, lying near the sea, marine, 
maritime. 

ftakaGGonpaTEtd, w, fut. -tjgo, perf. 
-TjKa (from -&aAaGGa, and Kpareu, 
to rule). To rule over the sea, to 
enjoy naval supremacy. 

"&dAea, wv, rd (probably neut. pi. of 
an obsolete adj. ddAvc, blooming, 
from -&dXko)). The delights of 
life, delicacies. 
484 



GAN 

OaAeia, ac, y. Thalia, the muse of 
comedy, represented as holding in 
one hand a comic mask, in the 
other a shepherd's crook. 

■ftuAepoc, d, ov (adj. from -&uAAo), to 
bloom). Blooming, great, vigor- 
ous, abundant. 

QaAijc, ov, and -tjtoc, 6. Thdles, 
one of the seven wise men of 
Greece, and founder of the Ionic 
sect of philosophy. He was born 
at Miletus about B.C. 640. 

■&aAAoc, ov, 6 (from ^uAAu). A 
sprig, a branch, leaves, a wreath. 

■&d"X7iu, fut. -&UAC), perf. ri-&a?.Ka, 
perf. mid., with the present signi- 
fication, rs-dvAa, 2d aor. efiukov. 
To flouiish, to bloom, to be ver- 
dant, to shoot forth, to abound in. 

■&uA7T0), fut. -&dAijJ0), perf. ri^aAtpa. 
To warm. — To enliven, to cheer, 
to encourage. 

-fraAirupr}, 7jc, r) (from tidlnc)). 
Warming. — Comfort, consolation. 

■&au6ec), w, fut. -you, perf. red-d/nCn- 
na (from -&d[j,6oc). To be amazed 
or astonished at, to wonder. 

■&dp.6oc, eoc, to (from d-dofiai, to won- 
der). Wonder, amazement, dis- 
may. 

■&aul£to, fut. -too, perf. re-d-dpcKa 
(from -&a/zd, often). To go or 
come often, to frequent. 

■&afuvcJc (adv. from -Qaulvoc, fre- 
quent). Frequently, often. 

Qdjuvpic, i doc, 6. Thamyris, a cel- 
ebrated musician of Thrace, who 
challenged the Muses to a trial of 
skill. He was conquered, and 
they deprived him of his eyesight 
and his melodious voice, and broke 
his lyre. 

■d-avurntbopoc, ov (adj. from ■d-dvaroc, 
death, and cpspu, to bring). Caus- 
ing death, death-bearing, deadly, 
mortal. 

■d-avdrog, ov, 6 (from ■&dveiv, 2d aor. 
inf. of -tivriGKLd, to die). Death, 
capital punishment. 

Quvaroc, ov, 6. Death, one of the 
deities of the lower world, whose 
duty it was to conduct the souls 
of the dead to the regions below. 

■&avaTOG), a, fut. -ugco, perf. reftav- 
druKa (from ddvaros). To put 



0EA. 
to death, to kill, to condemn to 
death. 

■&o,kto), fut. ddipc), perf. TE-&d$a, 2d 
aor. eru(j>ov. To bury, to inter, 
to perform the rites of sepulture 
(whether by inhumation or by 
burning the body). 

dafrpeio, Q, fut. -yao, perf. re&upfin- 
ica, later form for ^apaeo). To be 
bold, to be confident, to be courage- 
ous. — 2d sing. pres. imp. {tdpp'eL, 
take courage, fear not. 

dafipovvToc (adv. from ■d-app'ovvroc, 
gen. sing, of pres. part, of&app'ic)). 
Boldly, courageously, resolutely, 
with confidence. 

•&apaeu, £), fut. -tjoo, perf. Tcd-dpay- 
aa (from tidpoog). To be bold, to 
be of good cheer, to fear not. 

ftapooe, eoc, to (later form ■&dpf>og). 
Boldness, courage, confidence. 

•&daau>v, ov, and Att. iMttwv, ov 
(irreg. comp. of raxvc, swift). 
Swifter, fleeter, more rapid. — Su- 
perlative rdxLOToc. 

■&drepov, by crasis for to erepov (from 
Hepoc). The one of two. 

■&av/ia, droc, to (from -&dofiai, to 
wonder). An object exciting won- 
der, a wonder. — Astonishment, ad- 
miration. 

■Qavfid^a, fut. -dco, perf. Ted-avfiaKa 
(from dai/na). To wonder at, to 
be astonished at, to admire, to es- 
teem, to revere. 

■&av/j.datoc, a, ov (adj. from •d-avjidfa). 
Wonderful, amazing, astonishing, 
admirable. 

tiavfiaaToc, y, ov (adj. from -&av- 
fid^u). Wonderful, surprising. — 
•QanacTov olov (supply eorc), it is 
surprising hovi. — -&avfj.aaTdv daov 
(supply earl), it is surprising how 
much, to a surprising degree. 

ftav/uaaTfic (adv. from -d-avfiaarog). 
Wonderfully, surprisingly, admi- 
rably. 

■&ed, dc, 7] (fem. of -&e6g). A god- 
dess. 

■&ea, ac, y (from dedoftai, to sec). 
A sight, a view, a survey. 

■d-eaiva, nc, y (poetic for -&ed). A 
goddess. 

■&idfia, aroe, to (from ■&edo(iat). A 
sight, a spectacle. — to, liTTa -&ed- 
S s2 



GEM 

fiara, the seven wonders (sights) 
of the world. 

Qeuvd), dog, contr. ovc, y. Thcd.no, 
a female philosopher of the Pytha- 
gorean sect. 

■dedofiac, ufiai, fut. doo/xai, perf. 
Ted-eafiai. To see, to view, to be- 
hold, to survey, to contemplate. 

■&edrpoEt.df/g, eg (adj. from tiearpov, 
and eldog, appearance). Having 
the form of a theatre, shaped as a 
theatre, semicircular. 

■&edrpov, ov, to (from tiedofiai, to 
view). A place of exhibition, a 
theatre, a stage. 

-Q-erjiog, ov (adj., poetic for fieetog, 
which for -&elog). Divine, god- 
like. 

QetoSd/j-ag, avrog, 6. Theoddmas, a 
king of Mysia, in Asia Minor, and 
father of Hylas, the favourite of 
Hercules. 

■&elog, ov, 6. An uncle. 

-&elog, a, ov (adj. from -&eog, a god). 
Divine, godlike. 

-&eXyc), fut. #eAfo, perf. retfe/l^a. 
To soothe, to charm, to enchant, 
to alleviate. 

■&elo), fut. -d-eTiyoo, perf. Te&iXyKa 
(a form of MeAw). To wish, to 
will. — To be wont. 

■&ep,e7uov, ov, to (prop. neut. of de- 
jit"kiog, of a foundation, from rifty- 
fii, to place). A foundation, a 
basis. 

■&e/j.ig, idog, in Homer icrog, y. Jus- 
tice, right, equity. — y tfe/^c hcri, 
as is proper, literally, in the way 
in which it is right (supply rrj 
odti). 

Qepig, tcrog, y. Themis, daughter 
of Coelus and Terra, and wife of 
Jupiter. She succeeded her moth- 
er in the oracle at Delphi, which 
she held in the time of Deucalion. 
In later times she was regarded 
as the goddess of justice. 

QeniGTOKAfig, eeog, contr. iovg, 6. 
Themistocles, a celebrated Athe- 
nian general. His youth was 
marked by flagrant vice, but, ac- 
cording to Plutarch, being roused 
by the glory of Miltiades, he aban- 
doned his vicious career, and be- 
came one of the most illustrious 
485 



GEP 

of the Athenian generals and 
statesmen. 

■&eoeid?jg, eg (adj. from -&e6g, a god, 
and eldog, appearance). Godlike, 
resembling a god. 

Qeonpiroc, ov, 6. Theocritus, 1. 
A celebrated Greek bucolic poet, 
a native of Syracuse, who flour- 
ished under Hiero II. of Syracuse, 
B.C. 270.— 2. A sophist and pub- 
lic speaker, born in Chios, flour- 
ished at Athens about 350 B.C. 

■&eoXoyia, ag, t) (from -&eo?ioyio), to 
discourse on divine things). Dis- 
course on divine things, religious 
discussion or belief, theology. 

QeoTTO/xirog, ov, 6. Theopompus, 1. 
A king of Sparta of the family of 
the Proclidae. He first created 
the Ephori. — 2. A famous Greek 
historian of Chios, disciple of Isoc- 
rates, who flourished B.C. 354. — 
3. A comic poet of Athens, who 
flourished in the fourth century 
B.C. 

deon-poma, ag, t) (from -d-eonpoTreo), 
to predict future events). A pre- 
diction, a prophecy. 

^■EOTvpoKlov, ov, to (from the same). 
A prophecy. 

d-eog, ov, 6. A god, a divinity. — i) 
■&eog, a goddess. 

ftepdnatva, ng, 7] (fern, of depdirtov, 
a servant). A maid-servant, a 
female attendant, a female slave. 

d-epanaivig, Idog, 7) (from d-epdiracva). 
A maid-servant, &c. 

depaweia, ag, sy (from ■Q-epanevid). 
Attendance, care. — The means of 
healing, cure. 

•Q-epaivevG), fut. -evau, perf. Tedepd- 
irevica (from ■&epu,to cherish). To 
attend upon, to wait upon, to court, 
to serve, to seek to please, to hon- 
our with marks of esteem. 

fiepairov, ovrog, 6 (from deptd, to 
cherish). An attendant, a com- 
panion, a follower, a servant. 

deplvog, rj, ov (adj. from -&ipog, 
summer). Of summer, summer. 

^epjiaivo, fut. -fiavib, perf. Te&ip- 
fiayxa (from depfiog, warm). To 
warm. — To rouse, to inflame. 

&eppn, ng, r) (from ■depjxu, to warm). 
Warmth, heat. 
486 



GHB 

-&ep/j,6g, 7], ov (adv. from ri^epfj.at, 
perf. pass, of {repo, to warm). 
Warm, heated. — Violent, ardent. 

-&ep/j,OT7]g, nrog, 57 (from -&ep/j,6g). 
Warmth, heat. — Violence, passion. 

Qepfitoduv, ovrog, 6. Thermbdon, a 
river of Pontus, in Asia Minor, 
flowing through the plain Themis- 
cyra ; on its banks the Amazons 
dwelt. It is now called the Terme. 

-&ipog, eog, contr. ovg, to (from ■&epu, 
to warm). Summer. — tov d-epovg, 
in summer. 

-Q-eapiocpopla, uv, to, (from d^ea^og, a 
law, and Qepo, to propose ; used 
only in the plural). The Thes- 
mophoria, a festival celebrated by 
the Greeks in honour of Ceres, 
who rirst called Qeofxocpopog, the 
Legislatrix, because she first 
taught them the use of laws. 
Free-born women alone were al- 
lowed to take part in it. 

i9-£<77u£cj, fut. -iGo, perf. Ted-iamKa 
(from tiecnug, prophetic). To pre- 
dict, to announce beforehand, to 
give an oracle, to warn by an ora- 
cle. 

Qeaaalia, ag, and Attic QsTTaTica, 
ag, 7). Thessaly, an extensive 
country of Greece, lying to the 
north of Phocis and Doris, and 
east of Epirus. 

Qeng, idog, rj. Thetis, one of the 
sea-deities, daughter of Nereus 
and Doris, wife of Peleus and 
mother of Achilles. 

-&eu), fut. d-evaofiai, the other tenses 
supplied, as in Tpexo), from the obso- 
lete dpefxu, perf. dedpdfxrjKa, 2d aor. 
idpufiov. To run, to move swiftly, 
to hasten. — To sail rapidly, to fly. 

■&eupeo), u, fut. -rjau, perf. Te&etjprj- 
Ka (from deopog, a beholder). To 
behold, to see, to contemplate, to 
observe. 

■&e(jpla, ag, 7) (from tieopeu). A sur- 
veying, contemplation, reflection, 
view. 

Qjj6ai, G)V, at. Thebes, 1. The capi- 
tal of Boeotia, founded by Cadmus. 
The city stood on the river Isme- 
nus, and had seven gates, whence 
it is called Heptapylos. The mod- 
ern name is Thiva. — 2. A ceie- 



0HP 
brated city of Upper Egypt, the 
capital of Thebais. It was called 
also by the Greeks Hecatompylos 
(hundred-gated). But see note, 
page 112, line 24. 

Qrj6alKog, 7), ov (adj.)- Theban. 

Qt]6(iwc, a, ov (adj.). Theban. — 61 
QnSaioi, the Thcbans. 

Qrjfmig, Idog, r). Thebais, the south- 
ernmost of the three divisions of 
Egypt, so called from its capital 
Tnebes. 

QfjfjT], yg, y, and, less correctly, 
QrjBai, u>v, al. Thcbe, a city of 
Mysia, inhabited by the Cilicians. 
It lay at the foot of Mount Placus, 
and was hence styled Hypoplocian 
(viro IIM/ccj). 

dyyo, fut. -&7J^o), perf. TE-&)ixa, perf. 
pass. Tt&rjYjiat. To sharpen, to 
whet. — To rouse. 

■&f]K7], yg, 7] (from ri^yui, to deposile). 
A thing wherein anything is de- 
posited, a chest, a receptacle, a 
coffer. — al {r/JKai, the tombs. 

■&y/.vuiTpyg, ov, 6 (from Sylvg, and 
pdrpa, a head-band). One who_ 
wears the head-band of females, 
an effeminate wearer of the head- 
band. 

d-f)?.vc, eta, v (adj.). Female, femi- 
nine. — Effeminate. — In the neu- 
ter, to -d-rjlv (yevoc understood), the 
female sex. — al -&y?i£iai, females. 

•&yp, &7/pog, 6. A icild beast. 

&ypa, ac, 7) (from d-yp). The chase, 
hunting, a hunt. 

Qypauevyg, ov, 6. Thcramenes, an 
Athenian general and philosopher 
in the time of Alcibiades. He 
was one of the thirty tyrants, but 
took no share in their cruelty and 
oppression. He was condemned 
by his associates to drink hemlock. 

■&7jpdT7]c, ov, 6 (from -&ypdo)). A 
hunter. 

■dypdu, <3, fut. -tico), perf. reftf/parca 
(from -&7ipa) To hunt, to chase, 
to pursue, to strive after, to attempt 
to obtain by stratagem. — In the 
middle, same signification. 

■frfipeioc, ov (adj. from "&fip, a wild 
beast). Of animals, bestial, ani- 
mal. 
fylpevrTicoc, y, 6v (adj, from -Q-ypEvryg, 



0OA 
a hunter). Pertaining to the 
chase, adapted for hunting. — $y- 
pevTLK.bc kvuv, a hunting dog. 

dypevu, fut. -evau, perf. TE&T/pevKa 
(from d-ijpa, the chase). To hunt, 
to chase. 

■Q-ypiov, ov, to (from fif/p, a wild 
beast). A wild animal, a wild 
beast. 

■&ypiu>dng, eg (adj. from dnpiov, and 
eidog, appearance). Having a 
wild appearance, savage, bestial, 
brutal, animal. — Full of animals. 

■SrjpbSpuroc, ov (adj. from -&f)p, a 
wild beast, and (3i6p6cK.u, to eat). 
Eaten of wild beasts, devoured by 
wild animals. 

■&7jGavpi&, fut. -Xau, perf. T£-&yoav- 
pitcz (from -&yaavpog). To collect 
and lay up, to store away, to treas- 
ure. 

■&yaavp6g, ov, 6 (from ridypii, to lay 
up?). A place for layi7ig up in 
store, a treasury, a treasure. 

QnaEvc, ecoc, 6. Theseus, a king of 
Athens, son of .Egeus and JEthra, 
and one of the most celebrated 
heroes of antiquity. He cleared 
Attica of pirates and robbers, freed 
his country from tribute to King 
Minos, and destroyed the minotaur 
by the aid of Ariadne, whom, how- 
ever, he afterward abandoned in 
the isle of Naxos. 

■&7JTEVU, fut. -evau, perf. TE-dyTEvaa 
(from d-yg, a hired servant). To 
serve for hire, to be a servant. 

■d-cyydvo), fut. {riS-a and -fritjouai, 
perf. wanting ; 2d aor. E$Xyov 
(from obs. -&iyu). To touch. — 
To attain, to enjoy. 

dig, -d-lvog, 6, in later writers also 
■&iv, -&Zvog, 6 and 7) (from rid-ypu, 
to place). A heap, a pile of sand, 
sand, the shore, a desert. 

■&vrjcKo, fut. in use d-dvovfiai, perf. 
TE-&vr}Ka, 2d aor. eddvov. To die, 
to perish. 

■dvrjTog, 7), ov (adj. from d-vyaKu). 
Mortal, perishable, transitory. — 
ol {rvvTol, mortals. 

■Soivn, rjg r) (from #a<j, to nourish, 
akin to the Latin ccena). — A re- 
past, a feast. — Food, 
■frolepog, a, ov (adj. from #o?„<5o, 
487 



epA 

mud). Muddy, turbid, impure. — 
Perturbed. 

&oog rj, ov (adj. from #£<j, to run). 
Swift, rapid. 

dopvBeo, w, fut. -f/Go, perf. te&o- 
pv6r/Ka (from &6pv6og). To make 
a loud noise, to disturb by loud 
noise, to throw into confusion, to 
be in commotion. 

&6pv6oc, ov, 6. Loud noise, tumult, 
uproar, outcry. 

Qovdi7T7roc, ov, 6. Thudippus, a 
friend of Phocion, condemned to 
die with the latter. 

QovKvdldnc, ov, 6. Thucydides, a 
celebrated Greek historian, born 
in Attica B.C. 471. 

Qovploi, ov, ol. Thurii, a city of 
Lucania in Lower Italy, founded 
by a colony from Athens near the 
site of Sybaris, 55 years after the 
overthrow of that city, B. C. 455. 

Qovpioc, a, ov (adj.). Of Thurii, 
Thurian. 

■&ovpog, ov, 6, and fern. ■&ovptc, Idog, t) 
(adj. from -&6pu, to spring for- 
ward). Bounding, impetuous, vio- 
lent, brave. 

QpaKV, vg, 7]. Thrace, a country of 
Europe, bounded on the north by 
Mount Haemus, which separated it 
from Moesia, on the east by the 
Euxine, Thracian Bosporus, and 
Hellespont, on the south by the 
^Egean Sea, and on the west by the 
river Strymon, which divided it 
from Macedonia. 

6paf, anoc, 6. A Thracian. 

■Spaoeu), €), fut. -t)go, &c. (for $ap- 
ceg)). To take courage, to be bold. 

Qpaatog, ov, 6. Thrasius, a prophet 
of Cyprus, offered in sacrifice by 
Busiris, king of Egypt. 

Qpdcuc, loc, 6. Thrasis. 

BpdcvTiloc, ov, 6. Thrasyllus, a 
man of Attica, so disordered in 
mind, that he believed all the ships 
which entered the Piraeus to be his 
own. He was cured by his brother. 

dpuavva), fut. -vvd, perf. Ted-pdcrvyica. 
(from tipaovc, bold). To imbolden, 
to inspire courage. — In the middle, 
to act or speak boldly, to become 
confident, to conduct one's self ar- 
rogantly. 
488 



erp 

S-panvc, eia, v (adj. from fi-pdoog for 
■&dpoog, boldness). Bold, resolute, 
brave, daring, arrogant. 

Qp&TTT], 7)c, i]. A Thracian female. 

■frpavaua, uroc, to (from tipavu, to 
break in pieces). Something bro- 
ken, a piece, a fragment. 

■&pejup.a, urog, to (from Tpe^xj, to 
nourish). A young animal reared 
up, the young of any animal, cattle. 

dpercTlKog, t), ov (adj. from Tpefyu, to 
nourish). Nourishing, nutritious. 

Qpr/Kn, 770, 7). Thrace. See QpanT]. 

■&pnveo>, cj, fut. -7)00, perf. Ted-prjvvKa 
(from ftpf/yog, wailing). To wail, 
to lament, to deplore, to bemoan. 

Qptdolov tteSlov, to. The Thria- 
sian plain, a large plain of Attica, 
extending from Eieusis northward 
to Boeotia. 

dpi!;, gen. Tpi%6g, 7). The hair. 

■&povov, ov, to, used only in the plu- 
ral, -&pova, uv, rd. Flowers (in 
embroidery). 

■&povoc, ov, 6. A seat, a stool, a 
chair of state, a throne. 

■&vydTrjp, Ttpoe contr. rp'og, 7). A 
daughter. 

-&vjj.idua, arog, to (from &v/j,cdu). 
Incense, perfume. 

■&vjj,LdTTip1ov, ov, to (from dvuido), 
with ending rnpiov, denoting place 
where). An instrument tvhercin 
incense is burned, a censer. 

tiv/tLao), €), fut. -idoo, perf. red-vfiic- 
na (from -&vfia, incense). To bum 
incense unto. — The middle voice 
has the same signification. 

■frvfUKog, 7], ov (adj . from ^v/iog). Of 
an ardent disposition, passionate, 
hasty, courageous. 

■&vuog, ov, 6 (from -&vu, to rage, to 
be agitated). Passion, anger, ar- 
dour, xcrath, courage. — The soul 
or heart, as the seat of passion, 
&c. — did -&VUOV, through resent- 
ment. — itavri tu) -&vficj, with all 
one's heart or might. 

■d-vuoGo^og, ov (adj. from ^v/xbg, and 
oo<p6g, wise). Endowed with nat- 
ural talents, having instinctive (in 
opposition to acquired) knowledge, 
talented, intelligent. 

■&vpa, ag, 7). A door, a gate, an en- 
trance. 



IAII 

iWpafe (adv. {or ti-vpaade). Towards 
the door. — Out of doors, outside, 
abroad. 

tivpeoc, ov, 6 (from -&vpa, from its 
resemblance in shape). An oblong 
shield. 

■&vpiov, ov, to (dim. from d-vpa). A 
small door, an opening. 

■&vpic, idoc, rj (dim. of -d-vpa). A 
small door, a window, an aperture. 

•&vpaoc, ov, 6. A thyrsus,, a wand 
or staff wound round with wreaths 
of ivy and vine leaves, carried by 
the Bacchantes in celebrating the 
orgies of Bacchus. 

■&vaia, ac, y (from -&vo), to sacrifice). 
A sacrifice. 

■&vaiu$u. fut. -luau, perf. Te-d-voLuna 
(from -&vaia). To sacrifice, to im- 
molate, to offer in sacrifice. 

&v(o, fut. &vog), perf. le-Svua. To 
sacrifice. — As a neuter, to move 
rapidly, to rush impetuously. — In 
the middle, to inspect the entrails 
of the victim in order to divine the 
future, i. e., to sacrifice for one's 
self. 

■frvupa, aroc, to (from $vou, to burn 
incense). The fume of -incense, 
perfume, frankincense. 

■&upa^, uiwc, 6. A coat of mail, con- 
sisting of two parts, one for the 
back, the other for the breast, join- 
ed at the sides with small hooks or 
rings twisted in each other. — A 
corslet or cuirass. 

I. 

'lanxoc, ov, 6. lacchus, a name of 
Bacchus. 

iaXku, fut. iakC), 1st aor. Irfka. To 
fling forth, to send out. — To 
stretch forth. 

lafxdeloc, ov (adj. from lap.6oc, an 
iambus). Iambic — Neuter as a 
noun, lapSelov, ov, to (ettoc un- 
derstood). Iambic verse, a poem 
in iambic verse. 

laopai, l&pai, fut. idoopai, perf. id- 
pat (akin to latvu, to warm). To 
heal, to cure, to remedy. 

'laTreroc, ov, 6. Iapetus, one of the 
giants, son of Ccelus and Terra ; 
father of Atlas, Mencetius, Epime- 
theus, and Prometheus. He was 



IAI 

regarded by the Greeks as the 
father of all mankind. 

'Iaacjv, ovoq, 6. Jason, a celebrated 
hero, son of yEson, king of Thes- 
saly, leader of the Argonautic ex- 
pedition to Colchis in search of the 
golden fleece. 

idrplKOc, i], ov (adj. from larpoc). 
Of or pertaining to physic, med- 
ical. — Fein. sing, as a noun, iar- 
pinr), yc, i] {texvtj understood), the 
healing art, the science of medicine. 

larpoc, oil, 6 (from idopat, to heal). 
A physician. 

idX^>, fut. la^cj, perf. l&xa, and laxeu, 
€>, fut -you), perf. luxV Ka (proba- 
bly from la, a voice). To shout, 
to cry aloud. 

"\&np, ypog, 6. 1. An Iberian, a na- 
tive of Iberia. — 2. A Spaniard. — 
ol "ldypeg, the Iberi, a powerful na- 
tion of Spain, dwelling along the 
river Iberus. — Also, a general name 
for the Spaniards. 

"IBypia, ac, 7]. Iberia. 1. One of 
the ancient names of Spain, de- 
rived from the Iberus. — 2. A coun- 
try of Asia, bounded on the west 
by Colchis, on the north by Mount 
Caucasus, on the east by Albania, 
and on the south by Armenia. It 
answers now to Imeriti and Geor- 
gia. 

i6iq, Idoc, Ion. iog, ?/. The ibis, a 
bird held sacred by the Egyptians, 
from its destroying serpents, &c. 

ids, epic for yds (conj.). And. 

Idea, ac, r) (from Idelv, 2d aor. inf. of 
eldo), to see). Form, external ap- 
pearance, figure, manner. 

"ISn, nc, Ion. for "Ida, ag, i). Ida, a 
celebrated mountain, or rather 
chain of mountains, in Troas, on 
which Paris decided the contest of 
beauty between the three god- 
desses. 

IdTog, a, ov (adj.). Proper, peculiar, 
private, own, distinct. — oIkoi id- 
iot, private dwellings. — Dat. sing. 
fern, as an adverb, idia, by itself, 
separately. — As a noun, 6 idioe, a 
private citizen. 

IdiuTyc, wtoc; i) (from idioc). A pe- 
culia rity . — Propriety . 

idiuryc, ov. 6 (from idioe). A pri- 
489 



1HM 

vate citizen, as opposed to one in 
public life. — One of the lower class, 
an unlearned or ignorant man, a 
simpleton. — ol idiwrai, the un- 
learned. 

'Idofievevc, iac, 6. Idomeneus (four 
syllables), son of Deucalion, and 
king of Crete. He went to the 
Trojan war with ninety ships, and 
distinguished himself by his valour. 

idov (adv.). Lo, behold. — When 
written with circumflex, idov, it is 
2d sing. 2d aor. imp. mid. of elda, 
to see. 

idpvo), fut. -vaa, perf. pass. Idpy/uai, 
1st aor. pass, I6pvv&r}v (from l£a, 
to seat). To sit down, to seat. — 
To erect, to build, to consecrate. — 
In the middle, to erect, to dedicate. 
— In the passive, the perfeet used 
as a present, to lie, to be seated, to 
be built, &c. 

'Idvia, ac, %. Idyia, one of the 
Oceanides, wife of ^Eetes, king of 
Colchis, and mother of Medea. 

lepat;, anoc, 6. A hawk. 

iepsia, ac, i] (fern, of lepevc). A 
priestess. 

lepecov, ov, to (from lepoc, sacred). 
A victim. 

lepevc, eac, 6 (from lepoc, sacred). 
A priest. 

lepoTTpETtrjc, ee (adj. from lepoc, and 
npe7ro), to become). Becoming 
holy persons, venerable, sanctified, 
holy, reverend. 

lepoc, a, 6v (adj.). Sacred, holy, 
consecrated. — As a noun, in the 
neuter singular, lepov, ov, to, a 
temple. — In the plural, lepd, dv, 
to., victims, sacrifices, omens. 

lepoavXoc, ov, 6 (from lepov, and <yv- 
Xdo), to plunder). A plunderer of 
temples, a temple-robber, a sacri- 
legious wretch. 

\C,a, imperf. l^ov, fut. l$au, Att. la 
(in Homer only the present and 
imperfect used ; in Attic writers 
the compound ica^i^a more com- 
monly employed). Neuter, to seat 
one's self, to sit down. — Active, 
to cause to sit down, to seat, to 
place. — Middle, same as neuter. 

ItjfH, fut. r]oa, 1st aor. qua, perf. el- 
Ka, 2d aor. rjv, imp. 'fc, opt. elnv, 
490 



IKN 

subj. a, inf. elvac, part. elc. To 
put in motion, to send, to cast, to 
hurl, to throw. — In the middle, to 
put one's self in motion, to hasten. 
— To be moved to, to long for. 

'Id-unrjoloc, a, ov (adj. from 'i&ttKn). 
Of Ithaca, a small island in the 
Ionian sea, off the coast of Acar- 
nania, the native island of Ulysses. 
It is now called Theaki. 

Id-vc, ela, v (adj.). Straight, direct. 
— 't&vc, as an adverb, straight on- 
ward, directly forward. — id-vc ot- 
kov. See note, page 164, line 1. 

LKavbc, ri, ov (adj.). Fit, befitting, 
suitable, proper, sufficient, equal 
to. 

iKava, an epic form of l/cveo/nat (from 
Iku). To come to, to arrive, to 
reach. — In the middle, with the 
same signification, 

Ikuvuc (adv. from luavoc). Suitably, 
fitly, becomingly, properly, suffi- 
ciently, enough. 

'luapia, ac, 7). Icaria, an island of 
the JEgean Sea, near Samos. It 
is now called Nicaria. 

'Itiuptov irelayoc, to. The Icarian 
Sea, a part of the Aegean, south 
of the islands Icaria and Samos. 

'ltcaptoc, a, ov (adj.). Icarian, of or 
pertaining to Icarus or Icarius, of 
Icaria (the island). 

'l/captor, ov, 6. Icarius, an Athe- 
nian, father of Erigone. Having 
intoxicated some peasants with 
wine, he was slain by them. After 
death he was changed into the star 
Bootes. 

"Ikuooc, ov, 6. Icarus, a son of Dae- 
dalus, who fled, with his father, by 
means of wings, from Crete ; but, 
flying too high, the sun melted the 
wax which cemented the wings, 
and he fell into that part of the 
^Egean which was named after 
him. 

luETEva, fut. -evaa, perf. UerevKa 
(from Iketijc). To supplicate, to 
entreat earnestly, to pray to, to im- 
plore. 

Iket7jc, ov, 6 (from 'Iku, to come). 
One who comes to supplicate for 
aid, a suppliant. 

LKveouai, ovfiat, fut. it-o/icu, perf. ly- 



INQ 
fiat, 2d aor. iKo/uyv (dep. mid. from 
lkg), to come). To come to, to ar- 
rive, to reach, to go to. — To sup- 
plicate. 

Iktivoc, ov, 6. Ictinus, a celebrated 
architect, who, together with Cal- 
licrates, constructed the Parthenon 
at Athens. 

Iko), imperf. Lkov, aor. l!-ov (theme 
from which tenses of lnviofiat are 
formed). To come, to go, to reach, 
&c. 

i^aaKOjiaL and iXdop.ai, tj/iai, fut. 
-daofiai (from lAaoc, mild). To 
render mild, to appease, to concil- 
iate. 

'ITCiov, ov, to. Ilium, Troy. 

"ITClog, ov, r). Ilium, another name 
for Troy, and more correct, as re- 
ferring to the city only, while Troy 
was applied, not only to the city, 
but to the surrounding country. 

1/j.dg, dvroc, 6. A thong. 

1/j.aTlov, ov, to (in form a dim. of 
i\ia, rarely, if at all, used for el/xa). 
A garment, a cloak, a mantle. 

IftaTiofioc, ov, 6 (from IfiaTi^o), to 
clothe). Clothing, dress. 

Ifiepoc, ov, b. Desire, longing. 

i/xeprog, 7j, ov (adj. from Ifiepoc). 
Longed for, desired, lovely. 

Ivd (conj.). That, in order that. 
Joined to the subjunctive and op- 
tative moods. 

Ivd (adv.). Where. Joined to the 
indicative. 

'Iv&xoc, ov, 6. Inachus. 1. A son 
of Oceanus and Tethys, and father 
of Io. He founded the kingdom 
of Argos, B.C. 1856.— 2. A river 
of Argolis, flowing at the foot of 
the acropolis of Argos, and emp- 
tying into the bay of Nauplia. It 
is now called the Xeria. 

'IvSikoc, y, ov (adj.). Indian. — In 
the feminine, as a noun, 'IvdiKTj, 
JJCi V (x^P a understood). India. 

Ivdoc, ov, 6. 1. An Indian, an in- 
habitant of India. — 2. The Indus, 
a celebrated river of India, falling, 
after a course of thirteen hundred 
miles, into the Indian Ocean. 

'lvd>, oog contr. ovc, r). Ino, a 
daughter of Cadmus and Hermi- 
one. She married Athamas, king 



inn 

of Thebes, by whom she had Mcl- 
icerta and Learchus. 

it-evrdc, a, Doric for IgevTpg, ov, 6 
(from i^evo), to catch birds with 
birdlime). A bird-catcher, one 
who uses birdlime for the purpose. 

'Ifiwv, ovoc, 6. Ixion, a king of 
Thessaly, son of Phlegyas, and 
father of Pirithoijs. 

l^bc, ov, 6. Mistletoe, the berry of 
the mistletoe. — Birdlime, made of 
mistletoe berries. 

lov, lov, to. The violet. 

log, la, lov (adj. in epic poetry for elg, 
jiia, ev). One. 

lov (adv. expressing sorrow). Alas ! 

lovXog, ov, 6 (from ovlog, downy). 
The first down on the cheek, hair, 
down. 

'locpuv, tivTog, 6. Iophon, a son of 
Sophocles, the tragic poet, who 
accused his father of mental imbe- 
cility in order to deprive him of 
the management of his property. 
See note, page 38, line 15-18. 

loxeatpa, ag, i) (from log, an arrow, 
&nd xatpo>, to rejoice). Delighting 
in archery, delighting in the bow. 

iTTTreiog, a, ov (adj. from mrrog, a 
horse). Of or pertaining to horses, 
equestrian. — As an epithet of Nep- 
tune, the Equestrian. 

tKirevg, cug, 6 (from 47T7roo, a horse). 
A horseman, a rider, one of the 
equestrian order, a knight. — In the 
plural, ol 'nnreig, cavalry. — The 
knights, at Athens the second class 
of citizens. 

tTrmKog, y, ov (adj. from i7T7rof, a 
horse). Of ox pertaining to horses, 
equestrian. — Neut. sing., as a noun, 
to IrnrLKov, cavalry. 

'nnnoxaiTng, ov, 6 (from lirrrog, a 
horse, and x airr l-> hair). Adorned 
with horse-hair. 

[■KTzodafiog, ov (adj. from iTnrog, a 
horse, and dafido, to tame). Steed- 
taming, steed-subduing. 

lirTTOKevTavpog, ov, 6 and y (from 
LTtTtog, a horse, and nivravpog, a 
centaur). A centaur, a fabulous 
animal, half man and half horse. 

l7nroK.6fj.og, ov, 6 (from lirirog, a 
horse, and KOfieu, to tend). A 
groom. 

491 



ISO 

'l7nro/U>rof, ov, 6. Hippolytus, a son 
of Theseus and Hippolyte, famous 
for his virtues and his misfortunes. 

iKirog, ov, 6. A horse.— r) imrog, a 
mare. — iiTTrog (irordfiiog under- 
stood), o, a hippopotamus. See 
note, page 49, line 23. 

ImroTpopia, a?, i] (from Imrog, and 
rpecpu, to rear). The rearing of 
steeds, the training of horses. 

lirirovpic, cSoc, r) (from Itttto^, and 
ovpd, a tail). With a horse-hair 
crest. 

'cnra/nat (not used in the present in 
Attic writers), fut. nTrjaofiat, 1st 
aor. knT&iirjv, part. nrdfievog, 2d 
aor. act. (from the obsolete present 
active lirrnfii) kirrnv, inf. irrf/vac, 
part. Tvrdg. To fly. 

''ipcg, tdog, ?/. Iris, a daughter of 
Thaumas and Electra, the goddess 
of the rainbow and messenger of 
the gods, more particularly of Juno. 

Ipoc, ij, ov (adj., Ionic and epic for 
iepoc, a, ov). Sacred, holy, &c. 

ledfa, fut. ioaaio, perf. louaa (from 
Icoc, equal). To make equal. — 
In the middle, to make one's self 
equal, to equal one's self. 

larifu, a form from which only the 
syncopated dual Igtov and plural 
cg/hsv, tare, Igugl, and imper. lod-i, 
&c, assigned to olda, perf. of e'idu, 
are in use. To know, to have 
knowledge of. 

lcr&/iog, ov, 6. An isthmus. — The 
term is often used separately, to 
denote the Isthmus of Corinth. 

y lcnc, tdog Ionic tog, r). Isis, an 
Egyptian goddess, daughter of 
Saturn and Rhea. See note, page 
77, line 16-20. 

'laoupdrng, eog contr. ovg, 6. Isoc- 
rdtes, a distinguished oratorical 
writer, born at Athens B.C. 436. 
On account of his weak voice and 
natural timidity he was reluctant 
to speak in public, but applied him- 
self to instruction in the art of 
eloquence and preparing orations 
for others. 

looicuTiog, ov (adj. from taog, and 
n£>2,ov, a member). Having equal 
members, of equal length, equal in 
size. 
492 



IZQ 

laog, 7], ov, Attic taog, n, ov (adj.). 
Equal, like, resembling, corre- 
sponding, as many. — Not despond- 
ing, indifferent. — Neut. sing, and 
plural, as an adverb, laov and laa, 
equally, in the same way. 

tGoxetkhg, eg, and labxeikog, ov (adj. 
from laog, and ^eiAoc, an edge or 
border). Even with the edge or 
rim, full to the brim. — Having 
equal borders or banks. 

larr/fii, fut. arrjau, perf. earrjKa, perf. 
part. EGTijKCog, via, 6g, by syncope 
and crasis earug, (baa, ug, 2d aor. 
iarnv. To place, to set up, to 
erect, to cause to stand, to arrange, 
to stop, to weigh, to establish, to 
raise. — In perf., plup., and 2d aor., 
intransitive ; perf. earvKa, I stand, 
I am at a stand, I become station- 
ary, I stop : pluperf. alarf/neiv, I 
was standing, &c. ; 2d aor. earrjv, 
I stood, &c. — In the middle, to 
stop, to stand, &c, same as intran- 
sitive. 

ioTopeu, C), fut. -7]du), perf. hropnua 
(from IcTup, one who knows). To 
know from observation.-— To relate 
from one's own knowledge, to nar- 
rate. 

terror, ov, 6 (from tarn/it). A mast 
of a ship, the beam of a loom. — 
Hence, commonly, a loom, a web, 
a woof. 

laxdg, ddog, i) (from icxvdg, thin). 
A dried fig. 

lox^ocpojvog ov (adj. from iaxvog, 
slender, and tyuvrj, a voice). Of 
feeble voice, of slender note or 
song. 

lax^pog, d, 6v (adj. from laxvg, 
strength). Strong, powerful, vig- 
orous, firm, brave. 

laxvpug (adverb from icxvpog). 
Strongly, powerfully, vigorously, 
impetuously. 

'iGX^g, vog, r). Strength. 

lgxvu, fut. -vgo, perf. iGxvua (from 
iaxvg). To be strong, to be power- 
ful, to possess the power of, to be 
able. 

igxo) (a form of e#w, used in pres. and 
iinperf.). To have, to hold, to re- 
strain. 

taug (adv. from Icog, equal). Equal- 



KAA 

ly, in a like manner, ■perhaps, prob- 
ably, nearly, about. 

, l-d'Aia, ag, rj. Italy, a celebrated 
country of the south of Europe. 

'iTdAlabg, rj, bv (adj.). Italian. 

lrdp.bg, rj, bv (adj. from Irvg, bold). 
Bold, intrepid, rash, audacious, 
shameless. 

l<bi (adv., probably an old poetic dative 
of ig, strength, or neut. of an old 
adj. I<juc). With might,, power- 
fully. 

'Ifytavaaca, 77c, rj. Iphianassa, one 
of the Nereids. 

'IfiiKparnc, eoc contr. ovc, 6. Iphic- 
rates, a celebrated general of Ath- 
ens, who rose from a low condition 
to the highest offices in the state. 

iX'&vbiov, ov, to (dim. of ix'&vg). A 
small fish. 

iX&vg, voc, 6. A fish. 

ixvevfjiuv, ovoc, 6. An ichneumon, 
an animal of the weasel kind. See 
note, page 54, line 30-33. 

Ixvoc, eoc, to (from Uveouac, to go). 
A footstep, a vestige, a track, a 
trace. 

'16, 'Ibog contr. 'love, r). Io, daugh- 
ter of Inachus, king of Argos, 
changed by Jupiter into a beauti- 
ful heifer. 

'IwA/coc, ov, 6. lolcos, a town of 
Thessaly, celebrated as the birth- 
place of Jason. From Thessaly 
the Argonauts set sail on their ex- 
pedition. 

"luvec, ov, oi. The Ionians, one of 
the three main original races of 
Greece, the others being the AZo- 
lians and the Dorians. 

'lovia, ag. rj. Ionia, a district of 
Asia Minor, settled by Ionians 
from Attica about 1050 B.C. It 
extended along the ^Egean Sea 
from the river Hermus to Miletus. 

'Icjv7.K.bg,rj, bv (adj.). Ionic, Ionian. 

K. 

Kayd for nal b/6. 

k&6, epic for Kara used before 6. 

Kadueta, ac, rj. Cadmea, the cita- 
del of Thebes built by Cadmus. 

Kadpog, ov, b. Cadmus, son of 
Agenor, king of Phoenicia. Hav- 
ing sought in vain for his sister 
Tt 



KAO 

Europa, and being ordered by his 
father never to return without her, 
after consulting the oracle he 
founded the city Thebes in Bceo- 
tia. Soon after he married Her- 
mione or Harmonia, the daughter 
of Venus, by whom he had one 
son and four daughters. Cadmus 
was the first who introduced the 
use of letters into Greece. 

na-&aipeco, u, fut. -tjau, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and alpeo), to draw). 
To draw dozen, to pull down, to 
overthrow, to reduce, to deprive. — 
In the middle, to deprive one's self 
of, to lose. — 2d aor. act. part, na- 
■&e7mv. 

Ka&aipo, fut. --&dpC), perf. KEKct&ap- 
na (from na&apbc, pure). To pu- 
rify, to cleanse, to purge, to expi- 
ate. — 1st aor. act. eKa-&7]pa. 

nad-aTrat; (adv. from /card, intens., 
and aiza%, once). For once, once 
for all, in general, entirely. 

na-d-uTrep (adv. from Ka-&d, as, and 
Tifp). As, just as. 

Ka&apevo, fut. -evacj, perf. neKdtra- 
pevKa (from na&apbg). To be 
pure, to be clear or pure from. — 
To be innocent of. 

na-&dpbg, a, bv (adj.). Pure, clean, 
clear, unsullied, bright. — Neuter 
singular, as a noun, to Ka-&ap6v, 
purity. 

Ka-&apaig, eug, rj (from nadaipo, to 
purify). Purification, cleansing, 
expiation. 

Ka&aptig (adv. from nadapbg, pure). 
Purely, innocently, incorruptibly. 

Kad-ebpa, ag, 7) (from Kai9-i£op.ai). A 
chair, a seat. 

Ka-&e&uai, fut. na-d-ebovpai and /cot9-- 
edrjcrouai, perf. wanting, 1st aor. 
pass. eKa{reo"&7}v (from Kara, denen, 
and l^ouat, to sit). To sit down, 
to seat one's self. 

nadeipycj, fut. -eip^u, perf. Kadslpxa. 
(from Kara, intens., and elpyu, to 
shut in). To shut up closely, to 
confine narrowly, to restrain, to 
imprison. 

Ka-&e?,Kvo, fut. -vao, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and cAkvu, to draw). To 
draw down, to drag down. — To 
extend. 

493 



KA9 

KCt&cvda), fut. -evStiog), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and eiidu, to sleep). 
To sink into sleep, to lie down to 
sleep, to sleep. 

KCr&eipeu, €), and tca.-&eipG), fut. Ka&eip- 
ijau, perf. Ka-&iip9]Ka (from Kara, 
down, and eifjeu, to boil). To boil 
down, to boil out, to melt down. 

Ka'&rjyeofj.aL, ovaat, fut. -^ao/j.ac, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and qyeoucu, 
to lead). To direct, to conduct, to 
guide, to lead. 

Ka$rjKtd, fut. -Tj^o, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and quo, to come to). To 
come down to, to extend to, to reach. 
— Impers., Kadlec, it behooves, 
it is the duty of. — Kaftrjuuv, proper, 
suitable, appropriate. 

ndfirifiai, imperf. ki<a-8r}[iT}v (more 
commonly used than the simple 
7Jfj.at, from Kara, down, and 7/p.ai, 
to sit). To sit down, to seat one's 
self, to sit. 

Ka&topvu, fut. -vou, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and tdpvo), to fix). To fix 
down upon a firm basis, to erect, 
to build up, to raise on high. 

Ka&iCo), fut. -tCfjao, Attic /ca#«5, 
Doric Kad-igcj, perf. not in use, 
1st aor. kucf&loa (from Kara, 
down, and l(,u, to cause to sit). 
To cause to sit down, to place 
down, to seat, to set down. — In the 
middle, to seat one's self, to sit. 

Kad-irjfja, fut. nadrjou, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and infti, to send). 
To send down, to let down. — To 
send against. — Perf. pass. part. 
Ka&eifiivoc. See note, page 88, 
line 18. 

Ka&ucveofj.ai, ov/iai, fut. -lt;op:ai, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and 'tKveofiac, 
to come). To come down, to strike. 
— To extend to, to reach. 

KatiiTTTafiai, fut. KaTaTCTfjao/iai, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and IjcTafLai, to 
fly). To fly down. 

Ka&iarTjfu, fut. Karaarrjau, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and 'larrifii, to 
place). To place down, to set 
down, to establish, to constitute, to 
reduce to order, to erect, to put 
into a certain state. — Perf. act. 
part. natiEGTCJC. by syncope for 
KadecrrjutJc. 
494 



KAI 

Kafiodoc, ov, 7] (from Kara, down* 
and 666c, a way). A way down, 
a downward path, a descent. 

iia$6\ov (adv. from Ka-&o'hoc, the 
whole). Upon the whole, in gen- 
eral, altogether, in fine. 

na-&0Tr7ii&, fut. -lau, &c. (from Kara, 
denoting completion, and 6tv1l£g), 
to arm). To arm completely, to 
fit out, to equip. 

na{ropau), w, fut. Karoipofiai, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and opdu, to 
look). To look down into, to exam- 
ine closely, to inspect, to perceive. 

tta&opfii£c), fut. -low, perf. Kaftupfu- 
na (from Kara, down, and opfiifa, 
to come into harbour). To bear 
down into harbour, to come into 
harbour, to moor. 

nad-oaov (adv. for Ka& baov). So 
far, thus far, as far as, inasmuch 
as. 

na&oTi (adv. for Kati-' b tl). In which 
respect, on which account, for the 
reason that, because. — Interroga- 
tively, in what manner ? how ? 

na-d-vypoc, ov (adj. from Kara, deno- 
ting completion, and vypoc, wet). 
Completely wet, soaked with water, 
watery, spongy. 

Ka-d-vlaKrico, ti, fut. -rjau, perf. Ka- 
■&v9idKTrjna (from Kara, against 
or at, and vXaKriu), to bark). To 
bark at. 

itad-v7rep&e (adv. from Kara, down, 
and inrep&e, from above). Down 
from above, from on high, below. 

Kai (conj.). And, even, also, than, 

but. — Kai Kai, both .... 

and, as well . . . as. — not. fiijv, 
but, still and truly. — Kai 6rj Kai, 
and even, and in particular. — /cat 
ravra, and that too, although. 

KacKovBov, ov, to (x < ^P t0V under- 
stood). The Ccecuban district, a 
region in the vicinity of Caieta, on 
the borders of Latium and Cam- 
pania, famous for its wines. 

Katvoc, ?j, ov (adj.). New, strange, 
unusual, unaccustomed. 

Kaivvuat, perf. (from an obs. form 
Ka^ui), with a pres. signification, 
Kerna/uai, pluperf., with signif. of 
imperf., e/ce/cuer^v. To be distin- 
guished, to surpass, to be adorned. 



KAK 

Ka'nxcp (conj. from nai, and rrep, 
though). Although, even if. 

naipbg, ov, 6 (akin to ndprj, adpa, the 
head). Primitive meaning, the 
fitting or proper moment. — Hence, 
a particular season, a fit occasion, 
a proper season, an opportunity. — 
£K Kaipov, on the occasion, on the 
spur of the moment. 

Kalaap, apoc, 6. Ccesar (Caius 
Julius), the most celebrated and 
skilful of all the Roman command- 
ers. Having reduced the prov- 
inces assigned him to subjection, 
he turned his arms against his own 
country, drove out Porapey, and 
overthrew the republic. He was 
then declared perpetual dictator, 
but did not enjoy the honour long, 
as he was assassinated soon after 
on the 15th of March, B.C. 44, in 
the 56th year of his age. 

KairoL (conj. from nai and rot). Al- 
though. 

tca'to), fut. naiicro, 1st aor. euva, perf. 
nenavica, 1st aor. pass, enavtivv, 
2d aor. pass, knanv. To burn, to 
set on fire. 

kclkeI (by crasis for nal ekeI). And 
there. 

KuKec-d-ev (by crasis for nal ekeI-&ev). 
And thence, and from that place. 

kukeIvoc, n, o (by crasis for nal 
ktiElvog, n, o). And he, she, it or 
that. 

tca/tia, ag, r) (from nauSc, bad). Bad- 
ness, cowardice, vice, incapacity, 
misfortune, evil. 

natcodiog, ov (adj. from /ca/cof, bad, 
and fiiog, life). Leading a hard 
life, supporting life with difficulty, 
living wretchedly. 

naKodaifiov, ov (adj. from nanog, evil, 
and daifiuv, a genius). Unfortu- 
nate, unlucky, an evil genius ruling 
the hour. 

KaKo^-&i]c, ec (adj. from nanog, evil, 
and r]&og, habit). Of evil habits, 
malicious, evil-disposed, wicked, 
mischievous. 

KaKoTioyio), d>, fut. -rjau, perf. KEna- 
Koloynna (from naKog, evil, and 
"kiyio, to speak). To revile, to 
abuse, to slander, to speak evil of. 

nanoloyia, ag, r) (from aaaoTioyEu). 



KAA 

Injurious language, detraction, 
slander. 

naKona'&Eia, ag, r) (from KaK07ra-&TJg, 
suffering evil). Pain, distress, 
severe toil, laboriousness, affliction. 

KaKO7ra-&£0), d, fut. -rjau, perf. nena- 
K07r&-&7]Ka (from KaK07ru-&7Jg, suf- 
fering evil). To be suffering, to 
be afflicted, to be unfortunate, to be 
sick. 

KaKog, rj, ov (adj.). Bad, wicked, 
evil, defective, faulty, cowardly, 
mean. — Neut. as a noun, nanov, 
ov, to, an evil, a misfortune. 

nanovpyca, ag, t) (from /canovpyog, 
wicked). Wickedness, crime, mal- 
ice, harm, infliction of injury. 

Kaictig (adv. from nanog). Badly, 
wickedly, ill. — naKug Xtyeiv, to 
revile, to calumniate. — KaKug ttol- 
elv, to injure, to treat badly. — pi 
yivoird aoi ovtu nanug, may it 
never turn out so badly for thee. 

Kdlalg, XSog, 6. Calais, a son of 
Boreas, king of Thrace, and brother 
of Zetes. He with his brother 
were among the Argonauts, and 
delivered Phineus from the Har- 
pies. 

KdXa.fj.og, ov, 6. A reed, a pipe, a 
rod, an arrow. 

Kalavpia, ag, r). Calauria, an island 
in the Saronic Gulf, celebrated for 
the death of Demosthenes. 

KaTiEu, €), fut. koIeco), perf. KEKhvna. 
To call, to invite, to summon, to 
invoke, to name. — Ka^EEUKOv, poet, 
for ekuTiovv. See note, page 156, 
line 34. 

KdTinvog, n, ov (adj.). Calenian, of 
or belonging to Coles, a city of 
Campania, now Calvi. The Ca- 
lenian district was famed for its 
vineyards. 

nakrjTup, opog, 6 (from Kaleo, to 
call). A caller, a summoner. 

nalid, ag, Ionic koXit), f/g, r). A 
bird's nest. 

KahXiag, ov, 6. Callias, a cousin to 
Aristldes, torch-bearer at the Eleu- 
sinian mysteries, and the most 
wealthy man of Athens. 

KaXliBiog, ov, 6. Callibius. 

KaXkiEpiu, u, fut. -rjau, perf. /ce/ca/l- 
"hLEprjKa (from naXog, pleasing, and 
495 



KAA 

lepov, a sacrifice). To offer a sac- 
rifice pleasing to the gods, to pro- 
pitiate by sacrifice. 
KaTiTiiKapnoc, ov (adj. from naAoc, 
beautiful, and Kapnoc, fruit). 
Producing fine fruit, abounding in 
- fruit, fertile. 

KaAAipedov, ovtoc, 6. Callimedon, 
an Athenian demagogue in the time 
of Phocion. 

KaXkcoTTTj, 7/c, Doric KaTilioird, ac, 7) 
(from aaXog, beautiful, and dip, 
the voice). Calliope, one of the 
Muses ; she presided over epic 
poetry. 

KaXXinaprioc, ov (adj. from naXoc, 
beautiful, and Trapetd, the cheek). 
Having lovely cheeks, fair-cheeked. 

KaAAMr&cvnc, soc contr. ovc, 6. 
Callisthenes, a Greek who wrote 
a history of his native country, in 
ten books. It is now lost. 

KaTiTiireKvoc-, ov (adj. from naAoe, 
beautiful, and tekvov, a child). 
Having beautiful children, happy 
in children. 

Ka'A?/i(pv/i?ioc, ov (adj. from koaoc, 
beautiful, and tyvXKov, a leaf). 
Bearing beautiful leaves, adorned 
with leaves. 

naAAoc, eoc, to (from naloc). 
Beauty. 

koaoc, 7], ov (adj.). Beautiful, hand- 
some, good, fine, beloved, honour- 
able, illustrious. — Comp. KaXXluv, 
superl. kuaalgtoq. — As a noun, in 
neut., Kakbv, ov, to, an advantage ; 
in plural, to. naAd, noble actions, 
honourable pursuits. 

naAvSrj, nc, rj (from endlvBov, 2d aor. 
act. of kclXvtttu, to conceal). A 
hut, a tent. — An envelope. 

KaAv6o7roieo, £>, fut. -rjao (from na- 
av6v, and noiio, to make). To 
construct huts, to build cabins. 

nakviTTpa, ac, Ionic KakimTpn, nc, t) 
(from KaTiVTTTO)). A veil, a cover- 
ing. 

KaAvrcTu, fut. -vipo), perf. KSKuXv<pa, 
2d aor. £kuav(jov. To cover, to 
veil, to conceal. 

K&Avipo), ooc contr. ovc, t). Calyp- 
so, one of the Oceanldes, reigned 
in the island Ogygia. She receiv- 
ed Ulysses hospitably when ship- 
496 



KA1T 

wrecked on her coasts, and de- 
tained him seven years in her 
island. 
KaAug (adv. from na?<,6c, beautiful). 
Beautifully, handsomely, well, no- 
bly, honourably. 
Kap-dToc, ov, 6 (from Kafiva, to la' 
bour). Labour, toil, pain, fa- 
tigue. 
Ka/u6varjc, ov, 6. Cambyses, king 
of Persia, son of Cyrus the Great. 
He conquered Egypt, killed their 
god Apis, and plundered their 
temples. 

tca/ae, by crasis for ncii ep.L 
tca/unAon -aphakic, sue, r) (from tca/un- 
aoc, and 7rdpda?uc, the panther). 
The camelopard. 

Ka/unAoc, ov, 6 and rj. The camel. 

Kafilvoc, ov, i]. An oven, a furnace, 
a stove. 

Ka/xvG), fut. KUfiCb, perf. KEK/xrjKa, 2d 
aor. EKdfiov. To labour, to toil, to 
work laboriously, to exert one's 
self. — Neuter, to be fatigued, to 
be exhausted from toil. — Perf. part. 
KeKjunKuc, fatigued, exhausted. 

Ka/urravia, ac, t). Campania, a dis- 
trict of southern Italy below La- 
tium, celebrated for its delightful 
climate and fertile soil, but espe- 
cially for its rich vineyards. 

Kaf-nrrj, r)c, r) (from Kup-Trru). Flex- 
ion, curvature, a bend, a curving. 

Kd/niTTu, fut. Kafiipcj, perf. KEKafHpa. 
To bend, to turn, to inflect. — uk- 
porripiov nd/u.7TTeiv, to double a 
promontory or cape. 

fedv, by crasis for nai edv. And if, 
even if, although. — Also for teal ev, 
and in, &c. 

Kdveov, ov, to (from ndvva, a reed). 
A basket made of reeds, a vessel, 
a bowl or dish, a basket. 

KavudiKoc, y, ov (adj.). Canopian, 
of or belonging to Canopus, a city 
of Egypt, twelve miles from Alex- 
andria, noted for the profligacy of 
its inhabitants. 

ndneidf/, by crasis for Kal erreiS^. 

KaiTTjALKog, i), ov (adj. from KairnAoc). 
Expert in traffic. — Hence, crafty, 
fraudulent, cunning. 

KaiTT/Aic, idoc, t) (fern, of udmjAoc). 
A female wine-seller. 



KAP 

Ka-rzykog, ov, 6. A low tavern-keep- 
er, a dishonest wine-seller. 

Kairvog, ov, 6. Smoke. 

KaTcoOvijoKO, by crasis for Kal ano- 
dvrjOKct. 

k&ttoc, ov, Dor. for Kyirog, ov, 6. A 
garden. 

Kairpog, ov, 6. A wild boar. 

K&Tcvtj, fut. naTrvcG), perf. KEKairvKa. 
To breathe forth. 

napadonEG), w, fut. -you, perf. kekcL- 
padoKvtca (from ndpa, the head, 
and Sokevo), to watch). To watch 
with the head erect. — Hence, to ex- 
pect anxiously, to await anxiously. 

Kupdvov, ov, Dor. for Kupyvov, ov, 
to (from adprj, the head). The 
head. 

Kdpavoc, ov, 6. Cardnus, one of 
the Heraclldae, who laid the found- 
ation of the Macedonian empire, 
B.C. 814. 

Kapdduov, ov, to. Water-cress. 

napdia, ag, Ion. Kapoiy, nc, y. The 
heart. 

Kapy, Ion. for Kapa, to (indecl.). 
The head. 

Kapia, ac, y. Caria, a country of 
Asia Minor, south of Lydia, and 
lying along the iEgean Sea. 

Kapulvudrjc, ec (adj. from napucvoc, 
a crab, and eldoc , appearance). Of 
the crab species, resembling a crab. 

Kapfiavia, ag, y. Carmania, a coun- 
try of Asia, between Persia and 
Gedrosia, bordering upon the Per- 
sian Gulf. It is now Kerman. 

Kapndoivog, rj, ov (adj. from Kapna- 
aoc, fine Spanish flax). Made of 
linen, linen. 

KapTTOo/iai, ovfi.ai, fut. -Tvuco/iai, 
perf. KCKap-Ko/j-ac (from Kapnoc, 
fruit). To gather fruit. — To en- 
joy the fruit of, to derive advan- 
tage from, to reap. 

sap-nog, ov, 6. 1. Fruit. — Advan- 
tage, profit. — 2. The wrist, the 
lower part of the arm. 

KapTro(j>op£G), C), fut. -yooi, perf. ke- 
KapiroQopnua (from Kapirocpopoc). 
To bear fruit. 

napirotyopog, ov (adj. from nap-frog, 
fruit, and (bepo, to bear). Fruit- 
bearing, fruitful. — Kap-rco(j)6pa 
devdpa, fruit-trees* 
Tt2 



KAT 

KapTEpiu, £>, fut. -yea, perf. KEKap- 
Tiprjna (from Kaprspog). To be 
strong or firm, to bear with forti- 
tude, to endure. 

napTEpog, a, ov (adj. from ndprog, 
epic for KpaTog, strength). Strong, 
vigorous, courageous, powerful, 
severe. — Having command over, 
moderate. 

tcdpTtOTog, n, ov, epic for npaTtOTOg, 
y, ov. Bravest, most courageous, 
&c. 

Kapvov, ov, to. A nut.—nacTavai- 
kov Kapvov, the chestnut. 

Kapxr/duv, ovog, y. Carthage, a 
celebrated city of Africa, and the 
rival, for a long period, of the Ro- 
man power. It was founded by a 
colony from Tyre, according to the 
common account, B.C. 878. The 
circuit of Carthage was twenty- 
three miles. It carried on three 
wars with Rome, denominated 
Punic, and at the close of the third 
was taken and set on fire by Scipio 
Africanus the younger. It burned 
for seventeen days. — 2. Nia, New- 
Carthage, now Carthagena, a city 
of Spain, on the coast of the Med- 
iterranean, founded by Hasdrubal. 

napxyoiov, ov, to. The top of a 
mast. 

Kaatyvyry, yg, y (fem. of Kaaiyvyrog). 
A sister. 

Kaaiyvyrog, ov, 6 (from Kaaig, a, 
brother or sister, and yswdu, to 
beget). A brother. 

Kaairla, ag, y (■&d?MTTa), and Kacr- 
ttiov, ov, to (Trelayog). The Cas- 
pian (Sea), an inland sea of Upper 
Asia. 

naco-LTEpog, ov, 6. Tin. 

KaoTavdcKov Kapvov, to. The chest- 
nut. 

KdoTcop, opog, 6. Castor, twin-broth- 
er of Pollux, and son of Jupiter by 
Leda, the wife of Tyndarus, king 
of Sparta ; famed for his skill in 
equestrian exercises. 

Kara (prep, governing the genitive 
and accusative). Primitive mean- 
ing, down from. — Hence, 1. with 
the genitive, down from, under, 
towards, for, against, in, upon. — 
2. With the accusative, at, in, by, 
497 



KAT 

according to, as to, during, near, 
over, throughout, on, opposite, in 
regard to. — /cai9-' vr:epookqv, ex- 
cessively, to excess. — /cai9-' EKaarrjv 
7j\iepav, every day, day by day. — 
nar* elprjvnv, in time of peace. — 
ol /ca#' rjfiag , men of our rank, al- 
so, our contemporaries. — Kara rb 
Tz'ktiaTOv, for the most part. — 
With numerals it makes them dis- 
tributive ; as, na-&' eva, one by 
one, singly ; Kara 6ena, ten at a 
time, by tens. — In composition it 
signifies down, or else denotes 
stability, firmness, the doing a 
thing thoroughly, opposition, com- 
pletion, &c. 

KaraSaivu, fut. -6f)oop.ai, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and fiaivco, to go). To 
go down, to descend, to alight. — 
To condescend, to devolve to. 

Kara6d'XXu, fut. -6a/U), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and (3dl2.u, to cast). 
To cast down, to fling down, to 
lay, to fell, to destroy, to subvert. 

KaTu.6u.aig, ecog, rj (from fcaraSaivu). 
A descent, a downward path. 

KaradlSd^o), fut. -6i6ucto), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and /3l6u^u, to lead). 
To lead down, to bring down. 

Kara6t.6p6aKo, fut. -opocu, &c. (from 
Kara, intensive, and fiiSptoano, to 
eat). To eat up, to devour, to 
consume. 

KaraSiou, d>, fut. -6cw, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and fitou, to live). 
To pass one's life, to pass through 
life. 

KaraSodo), fut. -Sorjaio, &c. (from 
Kara, against, and /3od(o, to cry 
out). To cry out against, to 
clamour against, to revile. 

Kardyeioc, ov (adj. from Kara, be- 
neath, and yala for yrj, the earth). 
Under ground, subterranean. 

KarayeXdo, u, fut. -yeXdcro, &c. 
(from Kara, at, and yehdo, to 
laugh). To laugh at, to deride. 

KarayiyvioGKu, fut. -yvueo/uai, &c. 
(from Kara, thoroughly, and yty- 
v6gko, to know). To know thor- 
oughly, to be well acquainted with, 
to discern, to decide. 

Kardyvv/XL, fut. -dfo, 1st aor. Kare- 
a%a, perf. mid. Karedya (from Kara, 
498 



KAT 

down, and uyvv/ni, to break). To 
break down, to break in pieces. 

KarayorjTsvG), fut. -evau, perf. Kara- 
yeyoi]TEVKa (from Kara, intensive, 
and yonreva, to deceive). To de- 
ceive by magical illusions, to play 
the juggler, to make a fool of. 

Kardyu, fut. -afw, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and dyo, to lead). To lead 
down, to draw down, to bring back, 
to bring in, to summon, to conduct. 

KaTayovi^o/nai, fut. -ayupcao/nac, &c. 
(from Kara, against, and dyuvi^o- 
f/.at, to contend). To contend 
against. — Also, to vanquish, to 
subdue. 

KaraSeLKvv/u.1, fut. -dei^o, &c. (from 
Kara, intensive, and 6ciKvvfxi, to 
show). To shoio clearly, to make 
known, to introduce, to announce, 
to institute, to establish. 

KaTudevdpoQ, ov (adj. from Kara, de- 
noting abundance, and devdpov, a 
tree). Abounding in trees, woody. 

Karadecj, fut. -drjou, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and deu, to bind). To bind 
down, to fasten together, to join. 

KaradiKd^cj, fut. -diKdco, &c. (from 
Kara, against, and diKa^to, to de- 
cide). To condemn. 

KarddUn, rjg, 7 (from Kara, against^ 
and 6lktj, a decision). A condem- 
nation. 

KaradtuKO), fut. -di6^a, &c. (from 
Kara, against or after, and 6l6ku, 
to follow). To pursue, to prose- 
cute. 

Karadovloo), o, fut. -dovXtjero), &c. 
(from Kara, completely, and dov- 
X60, to reduce to slavery). To 
reduce to abject slavery, to bring 
into complete subjection. 

KardSpvfiog, ov (adj. from Kara, de- 
noting abundance, and dpvfioc, a 
forest). Abounding in forests, 
full of forests, very woody. 
KardSvo and Karadvvo, fut. -dvao, 
&c. (from Kara, down, and dvto, 
to sink). To sink down, to dip 
under, to set, to creep doicn. — To 
cause to sink, to overwhelm. 
Kara&vyvvfu, fut. -l^ev^cd, &c. (from 
Kara, thoroughly, and ^evyvv/ui, to 
yoke or join). To unite firmly, to 
yoke together, to join closely. 



KAT 

Kard^ev^cc, eoc, tj (from Karafrvyvv- 
fit). A yoking together, ajoinmg 
firmly. 

Haradd-xTo, fut. -dd^o, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and dd-KTio, to bury). 
To bury in the ground, to inter, to 
inhume. 

KaTadpnvio, Ct, fut. -tjgu, &c. (from 
Kara, intensive, and -&pnv£u, to 
mourn). To bewail bitterly, to 
lament, to bemoan. 

Karaipu, fut. -apu, &c. (from Kara, 
down, and alpto, to raise). To raise 
and carry down, to lead down. — 
To enter (as ships into a harbour). 

KaraLcxvvui, future -cuoxvvfi, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and alaxvvo), 
to shame). To digrace, to dishon- 
our, to insult. 

Kara/calo, fut. -Kavau, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and naiio, to 
burn). To burn up, to consume 
by fire, to burn severely. — 1st aor. 
naTenavoa and nare/iva, 2d aor. 
pass. Kareiianv. 

naTanaTiVTTTG), fut. -Ka2,vipu, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and Ka/tvirTO), 
to cover). To put down in and 
cover over, to conceal in, to cover 
over, to hide. 

KaraKUfiTTTO), fut. -Kdfiijjo), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and kujuttto), to bend). 
To bend down, to cause to incline. 

KardKeijiai, fut. -Keiaouai, &.c. (from 
Kara, down, and netfiai, to lie). 
To lie down, to recline, to sit, to 
lie at hand. 

tcaraK^aio), fut. -ulavrrG), &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and KXaia, to weep). 
To bemoan, to deplore, to bewail. 

KaraKXeiu, fut. -kTielgu, perf. nara- 
KEKXeiKa (from Kara, intens., and 
kTieiu, to shut in). To fasten se- 
curely in, to shut up in, to confine 
closely. 

KaTaiOdvG), fut. -kXlvG), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and kXIvoj, to bend). 
To bend down. — In the middle, to 
place one's self in a recumbent pos- 
ture, to recline at table, to sit down. 

Karatikv^o, fut. -k7mgo, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and kTiv^u, to 
wash). To overflow, to submerge, 
to inundate, 

KaraKoifxi^u, fut. -Koifuuco, perf. ita- 



KAT 

raKEKoifUKa (from Kara, down, and 
Kot/Lti^u, to put to sleep). To put 
down in a bed, to put to sleep, to 
lull to repose. 
KaraKOfii^o), fut. -ko/uXgu, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and KOfii^co, to bring). 
To bring down, to bring back, to 
convey away, to remove. 
KaraKOKTu, fut. -Koipu, &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and kottto), to cut). 
To cut into pieces, to mangle, to 
cut off. 
KaraKOOfi^cd, &, fut. -tjgu, &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and kog/j.eo), to put 
in order). To put in complete 
order, to arrange properly. — To 
adorn. 
KaraKprip-vi^o, fut. -Igo, perf. Kara- 
KEKpn/J-vlKa (from Kara, down, and 
Kpr/fivog, a precipice). To cast 
down from a precipice, to precipi- 
tate, to dash headlong. 
KaraKplvG), fut. -Kplvu, &c. (from 
Kara, against, and Kplvu, to pass 
sentence). To condemn, to pass 
sentence against. 
KaraKpvTTTCj, fut. -Kpvipu, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and Kpvirro}, to 
hide). To hide completely, to con- 
ceal, to screen. 
KaraKTaopai, tifiai, fut. -KTrjGOfiai, 
&c. (from Kara, intens., and /crdo- 
jxat, to acquire). To get posses- 
sion of, to acquire as one's own, to 
procure. 
KaraKTEcvo, fut. -ktevu, &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and kteIvu, to kill). 
To put to death, to murder, to kill, 
to slay. — Ionic fut. KaraKTavEu. 
KaraXafiBav u, fut. -Xr/ipofj-ai, &c. 
(from Kara, down upon, and la/u- 
6dvo, to seize). To come sud- 
denly icpon, to seize upon, to meet 
xoith, to overtake, to occupy, to 
cover. — In the middle, to take to 
one's self, to select. 
KaTaleyo, fut. -Aefw, &c. (from Kara, 
completely, and Aeyw, to tell). 
To describe throughout, to relate 
at full length, to recount, to tell. 
KaralEiTTo, fut. -leifu, &c. (from 
Kara, down in, and XeItzo), to 
leave). To leave down in, to leave 
behind, to abandon, to forsake, to 
quit. 

499 



KAT 

Kara2.^-&o/xai, future -Tirjcrouat, &c. 
(from Kara, completely, and "krj&o- 
fiai, to forget). To forget entire- 
ly, to lose all remembrance of. 
Kard7^nipic, ecoc, r) (from Kara'AauBd- 
vg), to seize upon). Seizure, cap- 
ture. 
KaraXvaiq, eac, rj (from KaraAvu). 
Dissolution. — A place of repose, 
a place of entertainment, a ban- 
queting hall, an inn, an abode, a 
harbour. 
KaraXvu, fut. -Avco, &c. (from Kara, 
completely, and Xvco, to loosen). 
To dissolve, to destroy, to break 
up, to abolish, to put an end to, to 
give up, to subvert. — To stop or 
rest at any place (viz., to give up 
a journey at, ixopeiav or 666v be- 
ing understood). 
KCLTauapTvpeo, <*>, fut. -i](?0), &c. 
(from Kara, against, and uaprv- 
pecj, to bear witness). To bear 
witness against, to testify against. 
Karajirjvvu, fut. -unvvoo, &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and [irjvvu, to indi- 
cate). To point out clearly, to in- 
dicate, to announce. 
Karauvo), fut. -uvea), &c. (from Kara, 
down, and uvo, to close the eyes). 
To close the eyelids, to shut the 
eyes. 
KaravayKuC.co, fut. -avayndau, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and dvayicd^a), 
to constrain). To constrain by 
violence, to compel. 
Karavakiaau), fut. -avaTitJcro, &c. 
(from Kara, completely, and avd- 
Xlgku, to consume). To consume 
entirely, to waste prodigally, to 
expend. 
KaTav£U(o, fut. -veucb, &c. (from Kara, 
denoting distribution, and veuu, to 
assign). To distribute in shares, 
to assign a share. — In the middle, 
to have a share assigned to one's 
self, to possess. — To graze upon, 
to feed on, to devour. 
Karavevcj, fut. -vevao, &c. (from 
Kara, towards or to, and ysvo), to 
nod). To nod to, to nod assent, 
to grant by a nod, to promise. 
Karavoec), d), fut. -vo^au, &c. (from 
/card, down upon, and voeco, to ap- 
ply the mind). To fix the mind 
500 



KAT 

down upon, to reflect on, to observe, 
to perceive, to comprehend. 
Karavrau, d, fut. -avTrjou), &c. (from 
Kara, against or at, and avrdo, to 
meet). To come up to, to arrive 
at, to reach. 
Karavruepv (adv. from /card, intens- 
ive, and avriKpv, opposite). Di- 
rectly opposite, over against. 
Karatjaivo, fut. -tjavco, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and tjaivo, to 
scratch or tear). To scratch or 
tear to pieces, to lacerate greatly, 
to cut in pieces. — To hew carefully. 
Kard^npog, ov (adj. from Kara, com- 
pletely, and fypoc, dry). Com- 
pletely dry, arid, barren. 
KaTawavo), fut. -iravccj, &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and iravo, to 
cause to cease). To cause wholly 
to cease, to put an end to. — In the 
middle, to cease entirely, to desist 
from. 
KaraTrsArnc, ov, 6 (from /card, against, 
and TtaXKu, to hurl). A catapulta, 
a warlike engine used for throwing 
missile weapons. 
KarairelTiKoc, r], ov (adjective from 
KaraTTe'kTvg). Of or pertaining 
to a catapulta. — /3 's?,oc, a weapon 
thrown by a catapulta. — KaTatteA- 
tXkov bpydvov, a catapulta. 
KaTairefiTzo), fut. -Ttiuijjo}, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and itep.'Ku, to send). 
To send down, to send away, to 
dismiss. 
Kardire^vov, without augment for 
KaTe7TE(j>vov, syncopated 2d aor., 
with redupl., from the obsolete 
Kara^EVo (from /card, intensive, 
and TT£(pvov, I slew). I slew, 1 
put to death. 
KarairlvG), fut. -Tvlouac, &c. (from 
/card, down, and ttIvo, to drink). 
To swallow down, to drink off. — 
1st aor. pass, part., as a noun in 
the neuter, to Karairo'&ev, what is 
swallowed. 
liaraTrTieoj, fut. -nAevoouai, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and nAeo), to sail). To 
sail down, to sail back, to return. 
KaTanXntiTiKtic (adv. from icara- 
it?i7JktTk6€, striking with terror). 
Terribly, amazingly, astonishing- 
ly, fearfully. 



KAT 

KaraiT^aao), Att. -^Jjttu, fut. 
-tt^tj^o), &c. (from Kara, down, 
and tcTojggo}, to strike). To strike 
down. — Hence, to fill with dis- 
may, to strike with terror, to 
alarm, to frighten. — In the mid- 
dle, to be amazed, to be astonished. 

KarairTiovTi^w, fut. -tcXovtigu, &c. 
(from nard, intensive, and irXov- 
ti£o, to enrich). To render very 
rich, to enrich exceedingly. 

Kara-Kveu, fut. -ttvevgcj, &c. (from 
Kara, against, and ttveu, to blow). 
To blow on or against, to blow 
along, to breathe on, to blow. 

Kararcovsu), d, fut. -ttovtjgu, &c. 
(from nard, down, and iroveu, to 
toil). To wear down with toil, to 
harass with labour, to wear out. — 
To labour, to toil, to elaborate. 

Karanpavvo), fut. -irpavvti, perf. ica- 
TaireirpavyKa (from Kara, down, 
and 7rpdvvo), to soften). To soft- 
en down, to appease, to propitiate. 

tcardpuToc, ov (adj. from Karapdo/xat, 
to curse). Accursed, execrated. — 
Abominable, detestable. 

Karapifa, poetic for K.arapp'e'Za), fut. 
-/6e£«, &c. (from Kara, down, and 
p~e&, to move the hand). Generally, 
to stroke with the hand, to caress. 

KaTapidfieu, u, fut. -tjgo, &c. (from 
Kara, down to, and apc&fieo, to 
count). To count down to, to 
number as far as, to enumerate, to 
reckon to. 

Karappia, fut. -fievau, &c. (from 
Kara, down from, and peu, to flow). 
To flow down from, to trickle down, 
to descend, to devolve. 

nardpp'vToc, ov (adj. from Karapp'su). 
Well-watered. — Abounding in, 
richly gifted with, well supplied 
with. 

Karapxu, fut. -dp^u, &c. (from Kara, 
intensive, and dpx^, to begin). 
To take its origin from, to begin. 
— To be the first, to set the exam- 
ple. 

KaraaSevvvfit, fut. -g6egg), &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and cBevvvfU, to 
extinguish). To extinguish com- 
pletely, to quench, to put out en- 
tirely. — To appease. 
Karaaeia, fut- -gelgo, perf. Karacs- 



KAT 

aeifca (from Kara, down, and gecoj, 
to shake). To shake down, to 
cause to fall. 

KaraoKa-KTi,), fut. -gkuiJ'u, &c. (from 
Kara, denon, and GKairro), to dig). 
To dig down, to undermine, to de- 
molish, to destroy (by undermi- 
ning). 

Kara(7Ke6dvvvfj.i, fut. -cKeSdaw, perf. 
KaTEGKeduKa (from Kara, down, 
and GKEddvvvfii, to scatter). To 
scatter about on, to cast down on, 
to diffuse, to disperse, to pour down 
upon. 

KaTaoKevdfa, fut. -dou, perf. Kar- 
EGKEvdKa (from Kara, completely, 
and GKEvd^u, to arrange). To put 
in complete order, to arrange, to 
prepare, to dispose, to build, to 
fabricate, to construct. — In the 
middle, to fit out for one' 's self. 

KaraCKEvrj, fjq, ?/ (from Kara, com- 
pletely, and OKEVT], arrangement). 
Studied arrangement, disposition, 
a structure, equipment, fabrica- 
tion, preparation, a forming, arti- 
ficial means, the constructing. 

KaTaoKrjTVTO), fut. -oKrjxpu, &c. (from 
Kara, down on, and gktjtttu, to 
lean). To lean down upon, to 
support one's self on, to rely upon. 
— To incline towards. 

KardoKioe, ov (adj. from Kara, over, 
and gkcu, a shadow). Covered 
with shade, overshadowed, shaded, 
shadowy. 

KardaKowoc, ov, 6 (from Kara, thor- 
oughly, and gkotteu, to observe). 
An observer, a scout, a spy, an 
examiner. 

Karaaocpi^o), fut. -igw, perf. Karaae- 
ad<ftKa (from Kara, completely, and 
ao(j)i^o), to deceive by sophistry). 
To deceive by sophistry, to over- 
reach, to foil completely, to elude. 

KaTaarrdo), £>, fut. -GiraGo, &c (from 
Kara, down, and airao), to draw). 
To draw down, to tear down, to 
draw upon. 

KaraaTTEvdco, fut. -gtteIgo, perf. pass. 
KaTEGixELGfjiai (from Kara, down, 
and gttevSo), to pour out). To 
pour out upon the ground (as a 
libation), to make a libation, to 
pour down on. 

501 



KAT 

Karacra-&iievu, fut. -evao, perf. kclt- 
eardd^fievKa (from Kara, intens- 
ive, and CTadfievG), to put in 
stalls). To put up in stalls, to 
pen up, to stable. — To quarter 
troops. 

Karaaretpco, fut. -crhpu, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and ore^w, to crown). 
To place a crown down on, to 
crown. 

Karao-rtfa, fut. -cti^o), perf. Karia- 
rlxo. (from Kara, completely, and 
OTi£cj, to puncture). To puncture 
completely, to mark with points. 

KaraGrpaTOTredevo), fut. -evgo, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and GTparone- 
dsvu, to encamp). To pitch a 
camp, to make an encampment. 

KaTaarpe6?Mu, ti, fut. -orpeBlcooo, 
&c. (from Kara, intens., and arps- 
6X60, to torture). To torture se- 
verely, to put to the rack. 

Karaarpe^u, fut. -orpetpo), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and arpe(j)cj, to turn). 
To overthrow, to overturn, to sub- 
vert, to subjugate, to finish, to re- 
turn. — In the middle, to bring into 
subjection, to subdue to one's self. 

KaTacTpo§rj,7je, y (from /caraorpe^w). 
Subversion, the final event, the end, 
death, a catastrophe. 

Kardcrrpoua, droc, to (from nara- 
CTpuvvv/UL, to spread down). The 
deck. — A covering, a couch. 

Karareivu, fut. -tevw, &c. (from 
Kara, intens., and reivu, to stretch). 
To stretch out, to extend, to draw 
tight, to strain. — To put forth 
every effort, to continue. 

KaraTld-nfit, fut. Kara^rjacd, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and rifinfii, to 
put). To put down, to deposite, 
to place firmly, to lay up or away, 
to reserve. 

KaTartTpdu, and -Tirpaivu, fut. Kara- 
Tprjou, &c. (from Kara, completely, 
and TLTpdu, to pierce). To trans- 
pierce, to perforate, to bore through. 
— Perf. pass. part. KaraTerpnuevoc, 
7], ov, perforated, transpierced. 

Kararo^evo), fut. -to^evco), &c. (from 
Kara, against, and to^evcj, to shoot). 
To discharge arrows against (from 
a bow), to shoot with an arrow. 

Kararpexu, fut. -tipEtjouai, &c. (from 
502 



KAT 

Kara, down, and rpexo), to run). 
To run down, to overrun, to make 
an irruption into, to go through, to 
traverse. 

KararplSo, fut. -rpiipu, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and rpl6u, to rub). 
To rub or grind down, to rub to 
pieces, to wear out, to diminish, to 
destroy. 

Kararvyxdvco, fut. -rev^ofiai, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and rvyxdvu, 
to attain). To succeed in attain- 
ing, to get actual possession of, to 
be successful. 

KaraQdyo), obsolete form ; from it 
comes KaTstydyov, used as 2d aor. 
to K.aT£a-&iu (from Kara, down, and 
(j>dyw, obsolete, to eat). To eat 
greedily, to devour, to swallow 
down. ^ 

Kara^spo), fut. Karoiao, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and (pepu, to bring). 
To bring down, to bear down, to 
let fall, to drive down, to strike, 
to remove. — In the middle, to let 
one's self down, to sink gradually, 
to go down (as the sun), to decline, 
to be brought to land. — To go to 
ruin. 

Karatyevyo), fut. -(pev^ofiat, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and <pevyo, to flee). 
To flee down or under, to take ref- 
uge in, to flee to for shelter, to be- 
take one's self to flight. 

KaTa<pd-eipo, fut. -(pid-epo), &c. (from 
Kara, completely, and Q&Eipo, to 
destroy). To destroy utterly, to 
ruin completely, to corrupt. 

fcaratyXeyu, fut. -<2>Ae£b, perf. nara- 
Trety%EX a (fr° m Kara, completely, 
and <p?ieyo), to burn). To burn up, 
to consume totally, to destroy by 
fire. 

Kard<ppaKToc, ov (adj. from /cara- 
<ppdaou, to cover with armour). 
Covered with armour, f idly armed, 
completely equipped. 

Karatypoveid, o>, fut. -typovrjocj, &c. 
(from nard, down upon, and <ppo- 
veg), to think). To regard as in- 
ferior, to despise, to treat with 
contempt, to disregard, to contemn. 

Karatbvyrj, tjc, y (from Karacpsvyu, to 
flee for shelter). A place of shelter, 
a refuge, an asylum, a covert. 



KAT 

Karaxecporovio), <5, fut. -7Jao), &c. 
(from Kara, against, and x el P°- 
Toveco, to vote). To vote against, 
to condemn by vote. 

Karaxeco, fut. -xevau, &c. (from 
kot&, down on, and ^ew, to pour). 
To pour down on, to pour forth, to 
let flow, to spill, to shed. 

Karaxpaouai, dual, fut. -xpvvofiat,, 
&c. (middle voice ; from Kara, 
intens., and xpdouat, to use). To 
make use of, to dispose of, to em- 
ploy, to use. 

Karaxuvvvui, fut. -xuaa), &c. (from 
Kara, intens., a.nd x^vvv/ic, to heap 
up). To heap earth upon, to cover 
over with earth, to bury up, to raise 
obstructions. 

Karaipavo, fut. -ipavau, &c. (from 
Kara, down upon, and ijjava), to 
touch). To touch lightly upon, to 
graze, to touch gently. 

KaraipnQifruai, fut. -ipntyiaouat, &c. 
(from Kara, against, and ipncpt^o- 
fiai, to vote). To vote against, to 
condemn by vote, to pass a decree 
against, to decree, to adjudge 
against. 

KdTaijjvxu, fut. -ipv^u, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and ipvx *' to cool). 
To cool down, to cool gradually, to 
refresh. 

fcaredo, fut. -ediao and -edopat, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and edo, to eat). 
To devour, to consume, to eat 
greedily. 

Kareifio, &c. (from Kara, intens., and 
eldco, to see). To perceive clearly, 
to discern, to survey. 

nareiui, fut. -eiaouac, &c. (from 
Kara, down, and etui, to go). To 
go down, to descend, to come down. 
— To come back, to return (from 
banishment), to arrive. 

naTepyd^ouat, fut. -epydaojiaL, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and epyd^ouac, 
to labour). To labour through, to 
effect, to accomplish by labour, to 
elaborate, to put an end to, to re- 
duce to, to pulverize. 

Kartpyaaia, aq, t] (from fcarepydfr- 
uat,). An effecting, accomplish- 
ment, process, performance, treat- 
ment, cultivation. 

KarepetTru, fut. -epeifcj, &c. (from 



KAT 

Kara, down, and epecTru, to over- 
throw). To pull down to the 
ground, to demolish, to overturn, 
to burst in. 

Karepxouat, fut. -e2,evoofiai, &c. 
(from Kara, down, and ipxouat, 
to go). To go down, to descend, 
to come down. — To come back, to 
return. 

Karead-co), fut. Karedouat and nar- 
edeau (from Karedu), &c. (from 
Kara, down, and ead-io, to eat). 
To eat greedily, to swallow down, 
to devour, to eat up. 

Karev&vvtd, fut. -ev&vvcj, perf. Kar- 
nv-&vyna (from Kara, intens., and 
evfivvu, to direct). To direct 
aright, to guide, to regulate, to 
drive. 

Karsx<J, fut. Ka&it;G) and KaracxriGu, 
&c. (from Kara, down, and exo, 
to hold). To hold down, to re- 
strain, to keep back, to detain, to 
seize or take possession of, to pos- 
sess, to continue, to sustain, to 
befall. — 2d aor. part. Karaax^v. 

narnyopeu, £>, fut. -ijcro), perf. Kar- 
nyopnua (from Kara, against, and 
ayopsio, a form of dyopevu, to 
speak). To speak against, to ac- 
cuse, to bring forward an accusa- 
tion against, to charge with. 

Karnyopta, ac, 7/ (from Karnyopeu). 
An accusation, a charge. 

Karrjyopoc, ov, 6 (from Kara, against, 
and ayopeu, a form of dyopevu, to 
declaim). An informer against, 
an accuser. 

KarrjKooq, ov (adj. from tcaraKOVG), to 
listen attentively). Listening at- 
tentively. — Obedient, tractable, un- 
der subjection. 

Karrj^Fia, ac, rj (from Karrj^rjc, de- 
jected). Dejection, sadness. 

KaroLKeo, fut. -ock^ctcj, &c. (from 
Kara, down in, and oIkeo, to 
dwell). To fix one's residence in, 
to dwell in, to inhabit, to settle. 

KaroLKia, ac, rj (from naToiKeo). A 
dwelling, a place of abode, a set- 
tlement, a colony, a farm, an in- 
habited place. 

KarotKL^o, fut. -ocKiacj, &c. (from 
Kara, down in, and o'ckl^o), to es- 
tablish a colony). To establish a 
503 



KAY 
tolony in, to settle down in, to 
found, to cultivate. 

(caroKveo), u, fut. -okvt/cjg), perf. nar- 
UKvrjKa (from Kara, intens., and 
OKveo), to he slow). To be sloth- 
ful or inactive, to omit or neglect 
through fear or laziness, to shrink 
from, to be reluctant. 

KaroTTTpifa, fut. -iou) (from koltotz- 
rpov). To show in a mirror, to 
show the reflection of. — In the 
middle, to survey one's self in a 
mirror, to behold one's form in a 
mirror. 

KUTOTtTpov, ov, to (from Kara, 
against or at, and bnToixai, to look). 
A mirror. 

H.arop-&6o, &, fut. -optiuao, perf. 
Karupd-ona (from Kara, completely, 
and op&otj, to erect). To make 
perfectly erect, to raise up, to erect, 
to rectify, to restore. 

Karopvaau, Attic -opvrro), fut. 
-opv^o, &c. (from Kara, down, 
and opvaau, to dig). To dig 
down, to inter, to bury, to conceal. 

Kara) (adv. from Kara, down). 
Down, below, underneath, down- 
ward. — tu Kara) (supply x^>P La )i 
the lower portions or places. 

Karov, ovoc, 6. Cato, 1. a cele- 
brated Roman, remarkable for his 
severe and frugal habits. He was 
made censor, which office he dis- 
charged with great rigour. — 2. 
Great-grandson of the former ; he 
sided with Pompey against Caesar, 
in the civil war, and, after the re- 
publican party was defeated, slew 
himself at Utica, B.C. 46, in the 
59th year of his age. 

narcjpvt;, v^oc (adj. from Karopvaau). 
Deposited in the earth, laid under 
ground. — As a noun, narupvt;, 
^X oc i V- An offset, a sprout, a 
layer of a plant, a slip. 

Karupvofcai, fut. -upvaofiat, &c. 
(from Kara, intens., and upvofiat, 
to howl). To howl aloud, to roar. 

Karuxpeprjc, eg (adj. from kcitu, down- 
ward, and (pepofcai, to be borne, to 
hang). Hanging down, inclining 
downuiard, sinking, prone to. 

YLavnaoloc, a, ov (adj.). Caucasian, 
of Caucasus. — rd KavK&aa opn, 
504 



KEK 

the Caucasian mountains, the 
chain of Mount Caucasus. 

KavKdo-oc, ov, 6. Caucasus, a very 
high and extensive range of mount- 
ains in Northern Asia, extending 
from the Euxine to the Caspian 
Sea. 

Kavfia, aroc, to (from naio), to burn). 
Fire, heat. 

mv/xarnpoc, a, ov (adj. from Kavfia). 
Glowing, hot, burning. 

Kavoidvoi, Cjv, ol. The Causiani. 

Kavx&o/xac, ti/xat, fut. -rjoofiai, perf. 
KeK.avxrjfj.ai (akin to Evxo/uai an d 
avxecj). To boast, to vaunt one's 
self to give out. 

ks, and before a vowel kev, an epic 
particle having the same force in 
poetry as dv in prose. 

Ktap, contr. Krjp, gen. Ksdpog, contr. 
Kfjpoc, to. The heart. 

ksSto, Ionic for ekeZvto. 

Kiyxpoc, ov, 6 and rj. Millet. 

Ksdvog, rj, 6v (adj. from Kfjdoc, care). 
Careful, prudent. — Meriting care, 
worthy, venerable. 

Ksdpoc, ov, rj. 1. The cedar-tree. — 
2. A species of aromatic juniper. 

Kedpou, u, fut. -uaoi, perf. KEKsSpuKa 
(from Ksdpoc). To anoint with 
cedar-oil, to embalm, to preserve. 

KEiS-t, Ionic for ekec-&l. There, &c. 

KEipiac, fut. KEcao/aac, perf. wanting. 
To lie down, to lie, to fall (in bat- 
tle), to lie dead. — To be situated. 

KEifii]/\iov, ov, to (from KElfiai). 
Something laid up, a valuable or 
costly article, a treasure, a posses- 
sion. 

keZvoc, n, o, Ionic for ekeIvoc, n, o 
(pron.). He, she, it, that, this. 

K.E10C, a, ov (adj.). Clan, of or 
belonging to Ceos, an island of the 
JEgean, one of the Cyclades, op- 
posite the promontory of Sunium 
in Attica. — As a noun, Ksiog, ov, 
6. A Clan, an inhabitant of 
Ceos. 

Kslpo, fut. KEpcJ ^olic Kspau, perf. 
KEKapKa. To cut off, to shear, to 
shave. — To take away, to diminish, 
to tear, to gnaw, to plunder. 

KeKpoKla, ac, ?]. Cecropia, the 
original name of Athens, in honour 
of Cecrops, its first founder. It 



KEP 

was also often applied to the whole 
of Attica. 

Kinpoip, oirog, 6. Cecrops, an Egyp- 
tian, who led a colony to Attica 
about 1556 B.C., and founded the 
city of Athens. 

K£Kpvfd?ioc, ov, 6 (from KpvTrro, 
to cover). Network for the hair. 
See note, page 162, line 94. 

keXevu, fut. -evgco, perf. KtKeTievtta 
(from keXXg), to move). To put in 
motion, to impel, to encourage, to 
command, to request. 

KsXo/iai, fut. KtTJjaofiaL, 2d aor., with 
reduplication, EKEKlop-nv, in Homer 
without augment, fcsuXofinv, part. 
kekXS/lievoc (from keTiTiu, to move). 
To command. — To call. 

KeTiriKoc, rj, ov (adj.). Celtic. 

Ke/lrot, (ov, oi The Celts, an an- 
cient race, who passed at an early 
period from Asia into Europe along 
the Danube, and penetrating west- 
ward, occupied the country between 
the Pyrenees and the river Rhine. 
They afterward spread into the 
British islands, Spain, and Upper 
Italy. 

kevoc, T), ov (adj.). Empty, void, 
vain, useless, idle, frivolous. 

kevoo, o>, fut. icevtJGG), perf. KEKsvuKa 
from ksvoc). To empty, to ex- 
haust, to evacuate, to render void, 
to despoil. 

Kevravpoc, ov, 6. A Centaur, a fab- 
ulous being, half human and half 
horse. 

kevteu, u, fut. -rjau, perf. KEKEvrr/Ka. 
To prick, to sting, to goad, to 
pierce, to perforate. 

Kevrpov, ov, to (from kevtecj). A 
goad. — A sting. 

'KspapEiKoc, ov, 6. The Ceramicus, 
a large district in the western part 
of Athens, divided into the outer 
and inner Ceramicus ; the former 
being without the walls, and con- 
taining the tombs of those who had 
fallen in battle and were buried at 
the public expense ; the latter was 
within the city, and contained many 
of the public buildings. 

KEpafieoc and KEpdpXoq, a, ov (adj. 
from KEpafioc, potter's earth). 
Made of earth, earthen. 
Uu 



KEP 

Kepap,(j)Toc, ij, ov (adj. from nepa/iou, 
to cover with tiles). Covered with 
tiles, made of earthenware, made 
of tiles. 

KEpavvvjii, fut. KEpaao Attic K£p£>, 
perf. KEK.pu.Ka, perf. pass. KEKspaa- 
fiat and KSKpdfiat, 1st aor. pass. 
EKpd'&nv (from obs. Kipcj, to mix). 
To mix, to mingle. 

Kspac, aroc, by sync, doc, contr. oc, 
to. A horn. — A peak, a promon- 
tory. See KspdTa. 

KEpuaoc, ov, 6. The cherry-tree. 

KEpdarnc, ov, 6 (from Kspac). One 
that has horns, the cerastes or 
horned serpent. — As an adjective, 
horned. 

Kspdra, uv, t&. The Horns, two 
mountains on the borders of Me- 
gara and Attica. 

KEpavvoc, ov, 6. The thunderbolt. 
See Ppovrrj. As a proper name, 
KEpavvoc, Ceraunus, an epithet of 
Ptolemy, king of Macedonia. 

KEpavvoc KOTr'ta, ac, 7} (from KEpavvoc, 
and OKOTceco, to observe). The 
observation of lightning (for the 
purposes of divination), the draw- 
ing of omens from lightning. 

KEpavvoc), £>, fut. -avvcjac), perf. ke- 
KEpavvuKa (from KEpavvoc). To 
strike with a thunderbolt, to strike 
dead with lightning. 

Kip6spoc, ov, 6. Cerberus, the dog 
of Pluto, which had three heads. 
It was stationed as a watch at the 
entrance of the lower world to pre- 
vent the living from entering and the 
souls of the dead from escaping. 

KEpddTiEOc, a, ov (adj. from Kspdoc, 
gain). Eager for gain, prudent. 
— Profitable, advantageous. 

KEpdlov, ov (adj., irreg. comp., from 
Kipdoc). More profitable, better, 
&c. — Superlative Kepdcaroc, n, ov, 
best, &c. 

KEpdoc, eoc contr. ovc, to. Gain, 
profit, prudence, cunning. 

KEpKic, tSoc, rj (from KepKu, a form of 
KpEKio, to strike, from the noise 
made in weaving). A shuttle. — 
A bodkin. 

KipKog, ov, rj. The tail. 

K-EpKvpaloc, a, ov (adj.). Corcyrean, 
of Corcyra, an island in the Ionian 
505 



KHP 
Sea, off the coast of Epirus, now 
Corfu. 

nipfia, drog, to (from KEtpo, to cut 
off). A small portion cut off, a 
small piece of coin, money, change. 

Kepfidrtov, ov, to (dim. of nepfia). 
A small sum of money, small 
change, the requisite sum. 

iteoToc, 77, ov (adj. from kevteu, to 
prick). Stitched, embroidered. — 
As a noun, kegtoc, ov, 6, a girdle. 
— The Cestus of Venus. 

kbv'&oc, £og, to (from KEV-&U, to hide). 
A hiding-place, a place of con- 
cealment, a cave, a cavern. 

KE^aXaloc, a, ov (adj. from KEtyahr]). 
Chief, principal. 

Kttyakr}, 7je, 1). The head. — KaKr) 
KE^aTirj, thou cowardly fellow. 

K7]6evo), fut. -Evoo), perf. KEKr/dEVKa 
(from Kijdog). To take care of, to 
attend to, to perform the funeral 
obsequies. 

KTjdoe, eoc contr. ovc, to. Care, 
anxiety, solicitude, sadness, funeral 
obsequies. 

Kfjda, 2d aor. ekti6ov (from nf/doe, 
care). To make anxious, to cause 
care. — In the middle, tcrjdofiai, fut. 
KEKadijo-ofiai, perfect, with the sig- 
nification of the present, niicnda. 
To make one's self anxious, to be 
anxious, to be distressed. 

ktjIeioc, ov, and K7JXeoc, ov (adj. from 
icaio, to burn). Burning, glow- 
ing, brilliant. 

K7][iE, Doric for nal ejus. 

ktjv, Doric for nav, which is for nal 
hv ; but ktjv for nal av. 

KnTTEia, ag, i] (from ktjttevu, to culti- 
vate in a garden). Gardening. 

KTJTTEVfia, UTOC, TO (from KTJ7TEV0), tO 

cultivate in a garden). A plant 

cultivated in gardens, a garden 

vegetable or plant, gardening. 
KTJTtoe, ov, 6. An enclosed place, a 

garden, an orchard. 
Krjp, n-f/poc, contracted from iceap, 

Ksapoc, to. The heart. 
Kijptov, ov, to (from Krjpog). The 

honeycomb, 
tenpoe, ov, 6. Wax. 
KTjpv^, vkoc, 6. A herald, a deputy, 

a crier. — A species of snail. 

KTJpVffOO), Attic KTjpVTTO), fut. -vgo), 

506 



KIA 
perf. KEKrjpvxa (from KTjpvf). To 
act as a herald, to proclaim, to an- 
nounce, to cry out aloud. 

ktjtoc, eoc, to. A sea-monster, a 
whale. 

KTjTudnc, ec (adj. from ktjtoc, and 
eISoc, appearance). Resembling 
sea-monsters, belonging to the 
class of large fishes, vast, unwieldy, 
very large. 

Kjj(j>£vg, ecjf, 6. Cepheus, a king of 
^Ethiopia, and father of Androme- 
da by Cassiope. 

KntyLcreoc, ov, 6. The Cephissus or 
Cephisus, a river of Attica, flowing 
beneath the long walls of Athens 
and discharging itself into the sea 
near Phalerum. 

KTjiodrjg, Eg (adj., probably from an old 
substantive nrjog, same as d-vog, 
incense). Perfumed, fragrant. 

KiBoTog, ov, rj. A coffer, a chest, an 
ark. 

kl6vt}/xi (a poetic form for CKsddv- 
vvjii). To scatter, to diffuse. — In 
the middle, to spread itself, to dif- 
fuse its radiance (said of the dawn). 

KL-&aipuv, uvog, 6. Cithceron, a 
range of mountains dividing Boeotia, 
first from Megaris, and afterward 
from Attica. It was sacred to 
Bacchus, and here he held his 
revels. The modern name is 
Elatea. 

Kl-d-dpa, ag, 7). A harp, a lyre. 

KC&api^cj, fut. -Tau, perf. KEKC&dptKa 
(from Kid-dpig, a form of Kld-dpa). 
To play the harp, to play the lyre. 

KL-&apG)6io), 6), fut. -7Jco, &c. (from 
Kf&dpa, a harp or lyre, and aside*), 
to sing). To sing to the harp or 
lyre. 

Ki-d-apudia, ag, 7) (from Ki-d-apudeu). 
A singing to the harp or lyre. 

KC&dp(x>66g, ov, 6 (from Kf&upa and 
docdog, a singer). One who sings 
to the harp, a minstrel. 

KiKepuv, uvog, 6. Cicero, Marcus 
Tullius, an illustrious Roman ora- 
tor, philosopher, and statesman, 
was bom at Arpinum B.C. 107. 

KiTiiKsg, (ov, ol. The Cilicians, a 
people of Troas, in Asia Minor, in 
alliance with the Trojans. Their 
capital, Thebe, was sacked by 



K12 

Achilles, and Eetion their king 
slain by him. 

KiXiKia, ag, y. Cilicia, a country 
of Asia Minor on the seacoast, 
south of Cappadocia, and bounded 
by Syria on the east and Pam- 
phylia on the west. It corre- 
sponds nearly to the modern Cara- 
mania. 

Kiju6poL, ov, ol. The Cimbri, a 
people of Germany who. invaded 
the Roman empire with a large 
army, but were conquered by Ma- 
rius and Catulus. The Cimbri 
had their original seat in the 
Cimbric Chersonese, now Jut- 
land. 

Ki/nfiEpZog, a, ov (adj.). Cimmerian, 
of the Cimmerii, a people dwell- 
ing near the Pains Moeotis. 

Kifj.uv, uvog, 6. Cimon, a celebra- 
ted Athenian general, son of Mil- 
tiades. 

Ktvdvvevu, fut. -evao, perf. keklvSv- 
vevna (from nivdvvog). To incur 
danger, to be exposed to danger, to 
runarisk. — Pres. part., as a noun, 
6 Ktvdvvevov, the accused, the de- 
fendant (in a suit). 

nivdvvog, ov, 6. Danger, risk, haz- 
ard. 

Ktveag, ov, 6. Cineas, a Thessalian, 
minister and friend to Pyrrhus, 
king of Epirus. 

Kiveo, a), fut. kIvtjog), perf. KEKlvr/na. 
To move, to excite, to arouse, to 
change. 

kIvvolc, Ecog, rj (from kiveo). A 
moving, movement, motion, altera- 
tion. 

Kivvpouac (from nivvpog, lamenting). 
To lament, to bemoan, to exclaim 
mournfully. 

Kcvvpag, ov, 6. Cinyras, a king of 
Cyprus, the father of Myrrha, who 
falling in love with him, became 
the mother of Adonis. 

Kip/cn, yg, y. Circe, a famous en- 
chantress, sister to ^Eetes, king 
of Colchis. 

Kcaaa, yg, and Att. kittcc, yg, y. A 
magpie. 

kLoolvoq, y, ov, and Att. kittcvoc, rj, 
ov (adj. from maaoc). Of ivy, 
adorned with ivy, ivy. 



KAE 

Kioooq, ov, and Att. kcttoc, ov, 6. 
Ivy. 

kXxuvu, Kixvfju, and Ktxeo, fut. kix- 
f/GU, perf. KEKix^Ka, 2d aor. ekIxov. 
To overtake, to meet with, to light 
upon, to find. — Pres. subj. kixeo), 
poet. Kixeio, opt. Kixeivv, inf. klx~ 
■fjvac, part. Kixeig. 

kix^v, yg, ij. A thrush. 

Kiu, opt. KLoifiL, part, kluv, imperf. 
ekIov (seldom used in the present 
indicative), the other tenses are 
not used. To go. 

kIov, ovoc, 6 and y. A pillar, a 
column. 

k?i.uc\oc, ov, 6 (from K^d^co, to break 
off). The young shoot of trees, 
a branch. 

K?ia&/j.iviog, a, ov (adj.). Clazo- 
menian, of Clazomence, a city of 
Ionia in Asia Minor, on the coast 
of the ^Egean Sea. 

KXaio, fut. nXavcGJ, Att. Kkui]Gio, 
perf. KiKkavKa, 2d aor. ekXuov. 
To weep, to lament. 

KAcpoe, ov, i]. Clarus, a city of 
Ionia, northeast of Colophon, fa- 
mous for its temple, grove, and 
oracle of Apollo. 

KXsdv&yg, ov, 6. Cleanthes, a stoic 
philosopher of Assos in Lydia, dis- 
ciple of Zeno, whom he succeeded 
in his school. Though poor, such 
was his devotion to study, that he 
drew water as a labourer in the 
public gardens by night, in order 
that he might attend the schools of 
philosophy in the day. 

KAemac, ov, 6. Clinias, an Athe- 
nian, the father of Alcibiades, said 
by Herodotus to have been the 
bravest of the Greeks in the battle 
of Artemisium. 

n?i£tv6e, f), ov (adj. from kIelo), to 
render famous). Renowned, fa- 
mous, illustrious. 

kTieZc, kIelSoc, y (from kXelg), to shut 

up). A key, a bar or bolt. 
KIeZtoc, ov, 6. Clitics. 
KAeicj, 60c contr. ovg, 7). Clio, one 
of the Muses ; she presided over 
history. 
KTiEodd/iog, ov, 6. Cleodamus. 

I Khsofidporog, ov, 6. Cleombrotus, a 
king of Sparta, father of Agesipolis. 
507 



KAI 

K/Xeo/nevng, sog contr. ovg, 6. Cle- 
oriienes, the name of several Spar- 
tan kings. 
KAeo7rdrpa, ag, ?;. Cleopatra, a 
sister of Alexander the Great, 
killed by AntigSnus as she at- 
tempted to fly to Ptolemy in 
Egypt. 
fiXsog, seog contr. iovg, to (from 
k2.su, to make publicly known). 
Rumour, report. — Fame, renown, 
glory. 

K?.£irTrjc, ov, 6 (from kXektu). A 
thief. 

kXetttu, fut. icteipo, perf. K£nlo<pa, 
perf. pass. KEKlefifxai, 2d aor. pass. 
kuTiairnv. To steal, to conceal, to 
do anything secretly. 

Kteuv, uvrog, 6. Cleon, a tur- 
bulent demagogue at Athens, who, 
by impudence and flattery, ob- 
tained command of an expedition 
into Thrace. He was slain at 
Amphipolis in a battle against 
Brasidas. 

KTitji^o), fut. K?>TjZco, Ion. for k?i?£o, 
fut. Kkyau (from tcTieoc, fame). 
To make known, to announce, to 
name, to celebrate. 

K/\r)p.a, drog, to (from kXucj, to break 
off). A shoot, particularly of the 
vine, a vine, a branch of vine. 

Kknpovxeu, u, fut. -f}au, perf. kekXt/- 
povxniia (from /c/l^poc, a lot, and 
ixo>, to have). To receive a share 
by lot. 

K2,npovxla, ag, t) (from KknpovxEu). 
The reception or possession of a 
share by lot (in the distribution of 
conquered or newly-settled lands), 
an allotted portion of land. 

KXnpoo, &, fut. -coaco, perf. KEKlrjpa)- 
na (from K/Xijpog, a lot). To cast 
lots, to choose by lot. — In the mid- 
dle, to obtain by casting lots, to re- 
ceive by lot. 

K%lfial-, dKoc, 7) (from kMvu). A 
staircase, the stairs, a ladder. 

kTuvv, ng, 7] (from kXLvco). A couch, 
a bed. 

Kklviolov, ov, to (dim. of t&Zvn). A 
small couch, a bier. 

K/iivo, fut. kXlvC), perf. ninXiKa. To 
bend, to bend down, to lay down, 
to incline, to cause to give way. — 
508 



KOI 

Neuter, to give way, to decline, to 
decay. 
KXLota, ag, Ion. kTucItj, 7/c, 27 (from 
kXIvco). A place for reposing in 
or upon, a tent, a couch, a scat. 
K?iiafj,6g, ov, 6 (from kXlvu). An arm- 
chair, a throne. 
uXorrfi, r)g, r) (from kXeitto, to steal). 

Theft. 
kXv£o, fut. kXvgo, perf. kekavko, 
perf. pass. KEKAvaiiat. To be- 
sprinkle, to wash, to moisten, to 
inundate. 
nXvTog, r), ov (adj. from kXvu). 

Heard of, renowned, famous. 
kavu (akin to kaeu), imper. 2d sing. 
KAvtii, 2d plur. kAvts, with Ho- 
meric redupl. kekAv&i and kek7iVte, 
imperf. ekAvov, with the aorist 
signification. To hear, to learn 
by report, to listen to. 
kauv, uvog, 6 (from KAau, to break 
off). A shoot, a scion, a branch. 
Kvldog, ov, and Tvidog, ov, r). Cni- 
dus, and Gnidus, a city of Caria 
in Asia Minor, where was a famous 
statue of Venus, who was the 
chief deity of the place. 
Kviooa, r/g, r). The smoke and odour 
of fat (especially that burned in 
sacrifices), savour. 
Kvoaaog, ov, r), and Tvoaaog. Cno- 
sus, and Gnossus, a town of 
Crete, on the northern coast, 
where Minos held his court. The 
site is now called Long Candia. 
Koyxn, r/g, r). A shell, a muscle, a 

shellfish. 
Koikaivu), fut. Koikdvd, perf. keko'l- 
Tiayna (from KolAog). To hollow 
out, to excavate. 
KOikdg, ddog, 7) (from nolXog). A 
hollow place, a cavity, an excava- 
tion. 
KocXca, ag, r) (from KoVkog). The 

belly, the stomach, the abdomen. 
Kotkog, n, ov (adj.). Hollow, deep, 
excavated, hollowed. — In the neu- 
ter, as a noun, to kolaov, a cavity, 
a valley. 
kolXou, €>, fut. -uo-o), perf. kekoiAuko. 
(from KolAog). To hollow, to ex- 
cavate. 
KOLfj.au, £), fut. -tjcu, perf. KEKoifintca 
(akin to Ktl[iai y to lie down). To 



KOA 

put to bed, to lull to sleep. — In the 
middle, to lie down to rest, to be- 
take one's self to repose, to com- 
pose one's self to rest. 
kolvt) (adv., prop. dat. sing. fem. of 
koivoq). In common, at common 
expense. 

kocvoc, rj, bv (adj.). Common, gen- 
eral, public, popular, civil, socia- 
ble. — ev kolvC), in common, in pub- 
lic. — As a noun in the neuter, rb 
Koivbv, the commonwealth. 

kocvcjvecj, C), fut. -rjou, perf. kekol- 
vuvnua (from, kolvcjvoc, a parta- 
ker). To participate in, to par- 
take of, to have community or in- 
tercourse. 

kolvuc (adv. from kolvoc). In com- 
mon. 

Koloc, ov, 6. Casus, one of the Ti- 
tans, son of Coelus and Terra. He 
married Phoebe, by whom he had 
Latona and Asteria. 

Koipavoc, ov, b (from nvpoc, power). 
A commander, a sovereign, a lord, 
a master. 

Koiraloc, a, ov (adj. from ko'lttj). 
Lying in bed, sleeping. — Neuter 
as a noun, KOtralov, ov, to, the 
hold or den of a wild animal, a bed, 
a couch. 

kolttj, r]c, ?] (from neiu, theme of 
Ket/LtaL, to lie down). A couch, a 
bed, a place of repose. 

KoXd^co, fut. -dao), more commonly 
-aao/uat, perf. KEnbXana (from nb- 
Xoc, mutilated). To cut off, to 
mutilate. — To punish, to chastise, 
to correct. 

KoXaiceia, ac, 2? (from KoTianEVo, to 
flatter). Flattery, adulation. 

Koka%, unoc, b. A flatterer, a para- 
site. 

icbMaic, eoc, 7) (from /coAafw). Pun- 
ishment, chastisement, reproof. 

KoTJiau, u, fut. -rjGu, perf. kekoXav- 
na (from /co/Ma, glue). To glue, 
to fasten together, to attach to, to 
unite. 

koaoloc, ov, 6. The jackdaw. 

Kolooobc, ov, b. A colossus, a statue 
of gigantic size. 

koaovo, fut. -ovo~cj y perf. kekoaov- 
na (from koaoc, mutilated). To 
mutilate^ to cut short, to cur- 
Uu2 



KOM 

tail, to suppress, to hinder, to 
humble. 

koattoc, ov, b. The bosom. — A bay, 
a gulf, a recess. 

KO/\.vfx6uo), tj, fut. -tjgu, perf. kekoa- 
vfj.6nita. To swim, to dive. 

KoXvttevc, sue, b. One of the bor- 
ough Colyttus, a borough of the 
tribe iEgeis. 

Koaxckoc, 7), bv (adj.). Colchian, of 
Colchis. — As a noun, in the fem- 
inine, i) KoXxucr} (yr) understood), 
Colchis. 

Koax'lc, Xbog, 7}. Colchis, a country 
of Asia, lying along the eastern 
shore of the Euxine, correspond- 
ing nearly to the modern Mingre- 
lia. It is famous for the expedi- 
tion of the Argonauts to its 
shores. 

KoA^oi, ov, 61. The Colchians, the 
inhabitants of Colchis. 

KoXuvbe, ov, b. A hill, an elevation, 
an eminence. 

KoXuvbc, ov, b. Colbnus, a borough 
of Attica, near Athens, rendered 
celebrated, as the scene of the last 
adventures of CEdipus, by the play 
of Sophocles styled, from this, Oi- 
biTTOve ettI K.oXuv€) } (Edipus at 
Colonus. 

KOfido), £), fut. KOfirjao), perf. KEnbfin- 
na (from ko/liti, hair). To have 
long hair, to let the hair grow. 

KOfiEu, to, fut. KOfXTjou, perf. kek6[mj- 
na (from the obsolete kojxu, and 
akin to KOfxdox). To take care of, 
to attend to, to nourish, to cherish, 
to adorn. 

KOfin, 7]c, 7). The hair of the head, 
hair. 

KOfirjTrjc, ov, b (from KOfido). Hav- 
ing long hair, long-haired. 

Koulbrj, fjc, 7) (from KOfil^u). Care, 
attention. — Conveyance, transpor- 
tation. 

tco/uSy (adv., prop. dat. of KOficby). 
Carefully, accurately. — Very, en- 
tirely, wholly. 

KOjxi^o), fut. -lau, perf. kekoj-uko, 
(from KOjiEu, to take care of). To 
attend to, to adorn. — To carry, to 
convey, to bring. 

KOfirxudrie, ec (adj. from Koune^c, 
boastful language, and e16oc % ap- 
509 



KOP 

pearance). Pompous, boasting; 
boastful. 

KOfiipog, 7), ov (adj. from nopeo, to at- 
tend to). Attended to, adorned, 
decked off, elegant, fine, neat. — 
Artful 

Kovla, ac, epic and Ion. novin, vg, 7). 
Dust. 

novig, tog and eoc, tj. Dust. 

Kovlaakog, ov, 6 (from Kovig). Dust, 
a cloud of dust. 

Kov'ud, fut. kopIoo), perf. kekovIkcl, 
perf. pass, nenovlfiai (from Kovtg). 
To cover with dust, to defile with 
dust. 

"Kovoxv, ovog, 6. Conon, a famous 
general of Athens, who delivered 
his country from the dominion of 
the Spartans. 

Korrlg, Xdoc, q (from kotttg), to cut). 
A short curved sword, a pruning 
knife, a knife, a razor. See note, 
page 142, line 29-35. 

KOirpia, ac, t) (from KOTrpog). A 
dunghill, dung. 

Korvpoc, ov, rj. Dung, mire, filth. 

kotttg), fut. Koipu, perf. KeK0(j)a. To 
cut, to split, to fell, to strike, to 
abuse, to assail with words, to 
harass, to distress. 

Kopa, ac, a, Doric for Kopn, vg, tj. 
A maiden, &c. 

itopat;, anog, 6. A raven. 

Kopevvvui, Kopevvvu, and nopeo, fut. 
Kopeaa, perf. nenopnua, perf. pass. 
KeKopr/fiai, and Att. KEKopeauat. 
To satiate, to satisfy. 

Kopn, nc, fy. A maiden, a virgin. 

Kopn, ng, 7} (as a proper name). 
Proserpina. 

YLopiv&iaKoc, i], ov (adj.). Corin- 
thian. 

YLopivSlog, a, ov (adj.). Corinthian. 

K.6piv&oc, ov, 7j. Corinth, a famous 
city of Greece, situated on the 
isthmus between the Corinthian 
and Saronic Gulfs, commanding 
the entrance into the Peloponne- 
sus. It is now Corito. 

Kopoc, ov, 6 (from Kopsu, to satiate). 
Satiety, loathing, disgust, weari- 
ness. 

nbpoc, ov, Ion. novpog, ov, 6. A 
boy, a youth, a son. 

KopclKa, ng, t). Corsica, an island 
510 



KPA 

in the Mediterranean, off the coast 
of Italy. 

nopv-&aio\oc, gen. ov (adj. from ko- 
pvc, a helmet, and aloXku, to move 
rapidly). With helmet quick flash- 
ing on the view. 

nopvc, vftog, t). A helmet, a crest. 

Kopvcprj, 7}c, t) (from nopvg). The 
crown of the head, the head, the 
summit. 

Kopuvn, Tig, t) (from icopovog, crook- 
ed). The crow. — A ring or handle 
of a door. — A crown. 

Kopuvig, cdog, t) (fern. adj. from ko- 
povog, crooked). Crooked, bent. 

Kopuvig, Idog, t). Corbnis, a daugh- 
ter of Phlegyas, loved by Apollo, 
to whom she bore ^Esculapius. 

Koa/neu, ti, fut. -t)gio, perf. kekogut]- 
na (from icoc/uog, ornament). To 
ornament, to adorn, to honour. — 
To regulate, to order. 

K.6o[j.7j[j,a, arog, to (from nocfieu). 
An ornament. 

Kocr/Lino-Lg, ewe, 7} (from Koap-eco). 
The act of ornamenting, an orna- 
ment, an adorning. 

KoapXog, a, ov (adj. from Koapiog). 
Well-arranged, orderly, courteous. 

Kocp-ioTTig, TjTog, 7i. Propriety, &c. 

KOGfiog, ov, 6. Order, arrangement, 
regulation. — Ornament, attire.—' 
The world, the universe. 

kotvXt], 7)g, t). A cavity, a small 
cup, a goblet, a vessel, a basin. 

Kovpevg, ecjg (from Kovpa, a cutting, 
from Keipo, to cut or shave). A 
barber. 

Kovpn, ng, Ion. for Kopn, ng, t). A 
maiden, a virgin, a daughter. 

Kovpog, ov, Ion. for nopog, ov, 6. A 
youth, a son, a boy. 

K.ovpoTp6(f>og, ov (adj. from novpog, 
and Tpe<j)G), to nurture) Rearing 
or bringing up children, child-nur- 
turing. — As a noun, r) Kovporpo- 
<j>og, the child-nurturer. 

Kovpog, 7], ov (adj.). Light, fleet, 
active, easy, gentle. 

Kov<j>ug (adv. from novcpog). Lightly, 
easily, swiftly. 

Koiplxog, ov, Att. for nooovfyog, ov, 6. 
The blackbird. 

Kpadia, ag, Dor. , and icpadin, vg, Ion. 
for icapdia. The heart. 



EPA 

tcpd£u, fut. Kpd^cj, perf. KEKpdya. 
To croak, to cry like a raven. 

Kp&T&ig , Idoc, 6. Crdthis, a river of 
Lucania, flowing into the Sinus 
Tarentlnus between Crotona and 
Sybaris. It is now the Crati. 

KpaLTtcikuu, €), fut. -Tjau, perf. ke- 
KpaLTTu.2.7]Ka (from Kpanru'kri, head- 
ache produced by surfeit or drunk- 
enness). To have a headache 
from excess (in eating or drinking), 
to be intemperate. 

Kpavd, ac, Doric for Kpijvn, nc,}}. A 
fountain. 

Kpavcov, ov, to (from Kpdvov, the 
scull). The scull. 

Kpavoc, eoc, to (from upavov, the 
scull). A helmet. 

Kpdc, cltoc, 6, later also h- The 
head, the summit. 

Kpdatg, sue, i] (from Kepdvvvfii, to 
mix). A mixture, a mingling. — 
update tuv depuv, the temperature 
of the air, climate. 

"Kparepoc, ov, 6. Craterus, one of 
Alexander's generals. After the 
death of that monarch, he subdued 
Greece with Antipater, and passed 
over into Asia, where he was slain 
in a battle against Eumenes, B.C. 
321. 

Kpdrepoc, a, ov (adj. from Kpareu). 
Strong, powerful, robust, firm, 
violent, brave. 

KptiTspuc (adv.). Strongly, power- 
fully, firmly. 

KpdTcu, £), fut. -rjco), perf. KetcpaTnica 
(from KpaToc, power). To have 
power over, to rule, to hold the 
mastery over, to excel, to prove su- 
perior, to surpass, to conquer, to 
command. 

KpdTrjp, fjpoc, 6 (from ttepavvvfiL, to 
mix). A vessel for mixing wine, 
&c, a mixer, a goblet. — The cra- 
ter of a volcano (where the melted 
lava, &c, is contained). 

KpdT7]c, vtoc, 6. Crates, a philoso- 
pher of Boeotia, disciple of Dioge- 
nes the Cynic, flourished B.C. 
324. 

KpaTicToc, n, ov (adj. from Kpdroc, 
assigned as the irregular superla- 
tive to dyd&oe). Best, strongest, 
bravest, most excellent. 



KPI 

Kparoc, eoc, to. Strength, force, 

poicer, rule, command. 
Kpavyrj, t)c, r). A cry, a shout, an 

outcry. 
Kpiac, utoc, to (from updo) for ypdo), 

to gnaw). Flesh, a piece of flesh, 
npeiuauv, ov, and Attic upeiTrwv, ov 

(adj. from Kparoc, assigned as the 

irregular comparative to dyd-&6c). 

Better, stronger, braver, more 

valiant. 
Kpecuv, ovtoc, 6 (probably from Kpdc, 

the head, whence apaivu, to rule). 

A ruler, a sovereign, a prince. — 

As a verbal adjective, ruling. 
Kpe/udwvfii, fut. Kps/xdau, Attic Kpe- 

/xu>, ac, a, perf. not in use, 1st aor. 

pass. EKpe/xda^r]v. To hang, to 



Kpsovpyito, u, fut. -Tjcru, perf. ke- 
KpsovpyrjKa (from Kpiac, flesh, and 
kpyov, work). To cut up flesh, to 
cut in pieces, to tear piecemeal. 

Kpiuv, ovtoc, 6. Creon, a son of 
Menoetius, and king of Thebes. 
He offered his crown, and his sis- 
ter Jocasta in marriage, to him 
who could solve the enigma of 
the Sphinx ; which having been 
done by CEdipus, the latter thus, 
unknowingly, married his own 
mother. 

KpsocpuyEO, d>, fut. -ijao, &c. (from 
Kpiac, flesh, and (pdyEtv, to eat). 
To eat flesh. — In the middle, to 
have eatable flesh. 

kp?}6e/uvov, ov, to (from Kpdc, the 
head, and diu, to bind). A veil. 
See note, page 162, line 95. 

Kprifivoc, ov, 6 (from KpcudvvvfU, to 
hang). A precipitous cliff, a preci- 
pice, a steep descent. 

Kprjvn, vc, i]. A fountain, a spring. 

KpTj-Kig, Idoc, i). A foundation, a 
basis. — A slipper, a shoe. 

Kpf/c, tjtoc, 6. A Cretan. 

KpyTrj, nc, 7]. Crete, a celebrated 
island in the Mediterranean Sea, 
now Candia. 

Kpf/Tn&e (adv.). From Crete. 

KprjTLKoc, r), ov (adj.). Of or belong- 
ing to Crete, Cretan. 

Kpidr/, %•, if. Barley. 

Kpidivoe, r,, ov (adj. from Kpf&fj). 
Of barley, barley. 

Sll 



KPO 

kqlkoc, ov, 6 (transposed from nip- 
koc). A circle, a ring, a collar. 

KplKou, u, fut. -6au, pcrf. KEKpcKutca 
(from npiicoc). To form into a 
ring; to adorn with a ring, to in- 
sert a ring. 

Kplvov, ov, to. A lily. 

Kplvcj, fut. KpXvcJ, perf. tceitplKa. To 
separate, to part, to discriminate, 
to judge, to decide, to choose, to 
resolve, to accuse, to charge with. 
— In the middle, to choose for 
one's self, to select. 

Kploc, ov, 6 (probably from Kepaoc, 
horned). A ram. 

Kplacc;, £«f, 7] (from xplvu). Separa- 
tion, choice, decision, judgment, 
final issue. 

aplTTis, ov, 6 (from KpZvw, 1st aor. 
pass. EKpI-&r]v). A judge, an um- 
pire. 

"Kpiriac, ov, 6. Critias, one of the 
thirty tyrants set over Athens by 
the Spartans. 

Kpoloog, ov, 6. Crozsus, an exceed- 
ingly rich king of Lydia, dethroned 
by Cyrus. 

KponodeiTiOc, ov, 6. The crocodile. 

l\.poKodei?iGJv tt62,lc, t). Crocodilop- 
olis, a city of Egypt, near Lake 
Moeris, afterward called Arsinoe. 
It derived its name from the sacred 
crocodiles that were fed and wor- 
shipped there. Near its site is the 
modern Faioum. 

ttponoireirXoc, ov (adj. from aponoc, 
saffron, and nenhoc, a robe). 
Saffron-robed, ruddy. 

KpoKorraq, ov, 6. The crocottas. — 
The hyena. See note, page 51, 
line 11. 

Kpovlcov, ovoc, 6 (patronymic from 
Kpovog). Son of Saturn, i. e., 
Jupiter. 

Kpovog, ov, 6. Saturn, son of Coe- 
lus and Terra, married Rhea, by 
whom he had Jupiter, Neptune, 
Pluto, &c. He was banished 
from heaven by Jupiter, and fled 
to Italy, where his reign was so 
mild that it has been called the 
golden age. 

uporakov, ov, to (from npoTeu). A 
rattle. 

updTatyoe, ov, 6 (from npoTEu, from 
512 



KTA 

the pulsation felt at the temples). 
The temple (of the head). 

KpoTEO, €), fut. -7jcw, perf. KEKpornxa 
(from KpoToc). To strike, to clap 
with the hands, to make a clatter- 
ing noise, to beat. — To applaud. 
— upoTEG) Kp'oTov. See note, page 
17, line 20-24. 

KpoTog, ov, 6 (from fcpovu, to strike 
together). A noise, a loud clap- 
ping, a tumult, uproar. — Ap- 
plause. 

KpoTuv, cjvoc, y. Crotdna, a pow- 
erful city of Lower Italy, on the 
coast of the Sinus Tarentlnus, 
founded by a colony of Achaeans 
about B.C. 715. The modern 
name is Cotrone. 

KpoTcovia~f]c, ov, 6. \An inhabitant 
of Crotona, a Crotoniat. 

Kpovo, fut. KpovGu, perf. kekoovkcl 
To strike together, to strike upon, 
to dash against. 

icpvepoc, rj, ov (adj. from npvoc). 
Cold, chilling, dreary, chilly.-— 
Terrific. 

Kpvfivoc, ov. Same as npvuoc. 

Kpvjioc, ov, 6 (from npvoc). Icy 
coldness, frost. 

npvog, eoc, to. Frost, ice, cold. 

KpvTTTOc, t), ov (adj. from tcpviTTa)). 
Concealed, secret, clandestine. 

KpvTTTG), fut. Kpvijju, perf. KEKpvtya, 
2d aor. EKpvtov. To hide, to con- 
ceal. — In the middle, to conceal 
one's self, to conceal from, to do 
without the knowledge of (another). 

KpvGTaXkoq, ov, 6 (from npvoc, ice). 
Ice. — Also, d and i), crystal. 

Kpv(j>a (adv. from KpvTrTo). Secretly, 
without the knowledge of, with the 
genitive. 

KpuGGoq, ov, 6. A water-bucket, a 
pitcher. 

KTaouai, Couai, fut. KTrjo-o/aai, perf. 
KEKTnuai and EKTv/uat. To ac- 
quire, to procure for one's self, to 
obtain. — In the passive, to be ac- 
quired or procured. The perf. 
icEKTTjfiac or EKTWjLiai, signifies I 
possess, i. e., I have acquired for 
myself, and the acquisition remains 
mine. Hence the 3d fut. kekttjo-o- 
uai, I will possess. — 6 KEKrnfdvoc, 
a proprietor, a possessor. 



KYA 

KTeap, drog, to (from KTaopat, doubt- 
ful whether the sing, occurs). 
Possession. — ra KTedra, posses- 
sions, property. 

KTelvu, fut. ktsvu, perf., not Attic, 
e/cra/ca, 2d aor. ektuvov. To kill, 
to slay, to slaughter, to put to death. 

KTepet^cj, fut. -ei^u, a lengthened form 
of Krept^o), fut. KTeplC), aor. e/crep- 
laa (from KTepea, funeral obse- 
quies). To inte<- with all the rites 
of sepulture, to celebrate the obse- 
quies of. 

KTrjpa, utoc, to (from KSKT^/xat, perf. 
of KTa.op.aL, I possess). Posses- 
sion, property. — In the plural, 
KTTJfiaTa, one's entire possessions, 
wealth. 

KTijvoc, eoc, to (from same). Prop- 
erty. — Cattle. 

KTrjvoTpofyia, ac, r) (from KTijvoc, 
cattle, and rpecjxo, to breed). The 
breeding of cattle. 

'KTnal6loc, ov, 6. Ctesibius, a native 
of Ascra, celebrated for his me- 
chanical genius. He was the son 
of a barber, and himself exercised 
the calling of his father for a short 
time at Alexandria. The inven- 
tion of water-clocks and many 
other hydraulic instruments is as- 
cribed to him. 

kttjolc, cue, 7} (from KTa.op.ai, to ac- 
quire). Acquisition, gain. — Pos- 
session, property. 

ktl^u, fut. KTtav, perf. EKTiKa, perf. 
pass. tKTiapat. To build, to erect, 
to found. 

KTiapa, droc, to (from kti£w). A 
construction, a building, a settle- 
ment, a colony. 

KTLGTnc, ov, 6 (from kti^o). A found- 
er, a creator, a builder, an author. 

ktvttoc, ov, 6 (from tvtttu, to strike). 
A loud noise, a tumult, din, the 
clapping of hands. 

Kvdveat, ov, at. Cyanea, two small, 
rugged islands at the entrance of 
the Euxine, which were fabled to 
have floated about until the Argo 
passed through; after v/hich they 
became fixed. They were also 
called Symplegddes. 

Kvaveoc, a, ov (adj. from Kvavoc, 
dark blue). Dark blue, dark. 



KTA 

Kvavoxairnc, ov, 6 (from Kvavoc, 
dark, and xaiTn, hair). With dark 
hair, dark-haired. 

KvOepvdo), o, fut. -qoo, perf. kekv- 
6epvr)Ka. To steer a vessel, to 
pilot, to direct. 

KvBcpvfjTvc, ov, 6 (from KvSepvdo). 
A pilot. 

kvSoc, eoc, to. Honour, praise, 
glory. 

Kvdovla, ac, r). Cydonia, the most 
ancient city in the island of Crete. 
Its ruins are on the site of the 
modern Ierami. 

kveu, o, fut. kvvgo, perf. KeKvrjKa. 
To be pregnant, to conceive. 

KvCTkkvoc, t), ov (adj.). Of or be- 
longing to Cyzicus. — As a noun, 
oi K.v&K7]voi, the inhabitants of 
Cyzicus, an island in the Propon- 
tis, off the coast of Mysia. It is 
now a peninsula. 

Kv&epeia, ac, t). Cytherea, a sur- 
name of Venus, from her rising 
out of the ocean near the island of 
Cythera. 

Kv&qpn, nc, t). Cythera, a surname 
of Venus. 

kvkIoc, ov, 6. A circle, a circuit. — 
Dat. sing, as an adverb, kvkAu, 
round about. 

Kvichoip, w7roc, 6 (from kvkIoc, a 
circle, and oi/j, an eye). A Cy- 
clops. — ol Kvk2,ottec, the Cyclopes*, 
a fabled race, of gigantic stature, 
the sons of Ccelus and Terra. 
They had each but one eye, and that 
in the middle of the forehead, 
whence their name. They dwelt 
in Sicily near Mount Etna, and 
hence were regarded as the assist- 
ants of Vulcan, and the forgers of 
the thunderbolts of Jupiter. 

kvkvoc, ov, 6. A swan. 

Kvkvoc, ov, 6. Cycnus, 1. a son of 
Mars, slain by Hercules. — 2. A 
son of Neptune, smothered by 
Achilles. He was changed into a 
swan. 

KvTilvdo) and KvTiivdeo, o, fut. -t)go, 
perf. KEKv^lvSrjKa. To roll, to 
turn round. — In the middle, to turn 
one's self round, to wander, to 
stray, to revolve, to indulge in. 

kvTuu, fut. kvXigo, perf. KeKvltKa 
513 



KTN 

(later poetic form of kvMv8u). 
To turn, to roll, to wind. 

VLvTikfivr), t?c, r). Cyllene, the loftiest 
and most celebrated mountain of 
Arcadia ; on it Mercury was born. 
The modern name is Zyria. 

Kv/na, uroc, to (from kvcj, to swell 
forth). A wave, the surge, a bil- 
low. 

KV/J.6dXcafi6c, ov, 6 (from kv/iBum^g), 
to play on cymbals). The striking 
of cymbals, the music of cymbals, 
or of other instruments brought 
into contact. 

kv/j,6uXov, ov, to (from kv/lc6oc, a 
hollow vessel). A hollow vessel, a 
cymbal, a basin. 

kvveo), (o, fut. Kvaco, 1st aor. lnvoa, 
epic without aug. uvea and nvooa. 
To kiss, to venerate. 

nvvnyerio, w, fut. -tjgu, &c. (from 
KVvnyeTyc). To hunt. 

Kvvrjyerrjc, ov, 6 (from kvuv, a dog, 
and vyeTTjc, a leader). A hunter. 
— Literally, one who leads dogs to 
the chase. 

KVvnysTiKog, rj, ov (adj. from kvvtj- 
yeTiu). Of or belonging to the 
chase, addicted to hunting. — kvuv, 
a hunting dog. — As a noun in fern., 
r) nvvwyeTLKr] (rexvn understood), 
the art of hunting, the chase. 

Kvvijyeco, £>, fut. -f/au, perf. kekw- 
yyrjKa (from nvvnyoc). To hunt, 
to capture. 

Kvvnyia, ac, t) (from nvvnyeu). 
Hunting, a hunt, the chase. 

KVvrjyoc, ov, 6 (from kvuv, a dog, 
and uyu, to lead). A hunter. — 
Literally, one who leads dogs to 
the chase. 

tcvvonEfukoc, ov, 6 (from kvuv, a dog, 
and KetyuTir}, a head). The cyno- 
cephalus, a baboon of the dog- 
headed species. See note, page 
51, line 7. 

'KvvoiTollTrjc, ov, 6 (voftoc). The 
Cynopolitic (nome), a district of 
Heptanomis in Egypt. 

Kwuv 7r6Aic, euc, rj. Cynopolis, or 
the city of dogs, a city of Egypt, 
inthe Heptanomis, on the eastern 
side of the Nile. Here the dog- 
headed deity Anubis was worship- 
ped. 
514 



KTG 

KvTrpcoc, a, ov (adj.)- Cyprian, of 
Cyprus. 

Kv-rrpic, tdoc, y. Cypris, a surname 
of Venus, from Kvnpog, Cyprus, 
because she was the chief deity of 
the island. 

Kvirpoc, ov, i]. Cyprus, a large 
island in the eastern extremity of 
the Mediterranean, south of Cili- 
cia and west of Syria. 

kvtvtu, fut. Kvipu, perf. neidxpa. To 
bend the head, to stoop, to bow, to 
hold down the head from shame, to 
be bent. 

Kvpeu, u, fut. KvprJGQ and Kvpau, 1st 
aor. knvprjoa and £Kvpaa. To 
be. — With a genitive, to meet with, 
to attain. 

Kvpnvalitr}, rjc, y (yv understood). 
Cyrenaica, a country of Africa, 
east of the Syrtis Minor, corre- 
sponding to the modern Barca. 

YLvprjvrj, rjc, rj. Cyrene, a celebrated 
city of Africa, capital of Cyrenaica. 

Kvploc, ov, 6 (from Kvpoc, authority). 
A master, one who has authority 
over, a lord, a sovereign. 

Kvpvoc, ov, rj. Corsica, called by 
the Greeks Cyrnus, an island in 
the Mediterranean. 

Kvpoc, ov, 6. Cyrus, a king of 
Persia, son of Cambyses and Man- 
dane the daughter of Astyages, 
king of Media. 

Kvpbu, u, fut. -uau, perf. tce/tvpoKa 
(from Kvpog, full authority). To 
authorize, to ratify, to confirm. 

Kvprufia, aroc, to (from Kvprou, to 
curve). Anything curved, a hump, 
an arch, a lump, a swelling, an 
inequality. 

Kvpu, the present occurs only in poe- 
try, same as Kvpeu. — In the middle, 
as deponent, nvpofiai, to meet with, 
to light upon, to fall into. 

kvtoc, eoc contr. ovc, to (from kvu, 
to contain). A cavity, capacity, 
an enclosure, a hollow body. 

Kt>i/>£yloc, ov, 6. Cypselus, a Corin- 
thian, son of iEetion, and father of 
Periander ; who seized on the 
sovereign power and reigned 30 
years. 

kvu and kveu, u, fut. kvtjou, perf. 
KeKvnKa. To contain. — To con- 



KQM 

ceive, to be pregna7it, to go with 
young, to bring forth. 
KVd)v, gen. kvvoc, 6 and r). A dog, 



KO)$iov, ov, to (from Kuac, nuc, a 
sheepskin with the fleece). A 
sheepskin, a fleece. 

Kodio<f>6poc, ov (adj. from kuSiov, and 
<f>ep(j), to bear). Wearing sheep- 
skins, clothed in sheepskins. 

ko)-&(jv, wvoc, 6. A Spartan drink- 
ing cup, a goblet. 

Kw#uv, ovoc, 6. Cothon, a small 
island near the citadel of Carthage, 
with a convenient bay, which served 
for a dockyard. 

kokvtoc, ov, 6 (from kukvo, to be- 
wail). Bewailing, mourning, lam- 
entation. 

Kukvtoc, ov, 6. Cocytus, one of 
the fabled rivers of the lower 
world, so called from the lamenta- 
tions of the departed along its 
banks. 

kcjkvo), fut. KUKvacj, perf. KeKutcvua. 
To wail, to lament, to bewail, to 
utter lamentations. 

Kw/ltoc, adoc, ij. Colias, a promon- 
tory of Attica, southeast of the 
port of Phalerum, in the form of a 
man's foot, where was a temple of 
Venus. It is now Agio Nicolo. 

KuTivw, fut. KCjTiVGu, perf. KeKtolvfca 
(a form of koXovcj). To weaken, 
to hinder, to impede, to depress, to 
prevent, to hold back. 

Koud^o, fut. -acta), perf. KeKuuatca 
(from K&jioc). To go in a riotous 
procession singing, &c, to cele- 
brate a joyous festival, to revel, to 
move along in a revelling manner. 

Kuan, yc, ij. A village, a small town. 

Kuurjdov (adv. from kuutj). By vil- 
lages, in villages. 

kcjuIkoc, 7], ov (adj. from Kuuor). 
Pertaining to comic poetry, comic, 
comical. — As a noun, 6 nofiinoc, a 
comic poet. 

K&uoc, ov, 6 (from Kuun, a village ; 
as in bacchanalian processions they 
went from village to village). A 
jovial assembly of friends to cele- 
brate a festival with music, &c, 
a band of revellers, a festive as- 
sembly, a bacchanalian revel. 



AA9 

kuuuSottoioc, ov, 6 (from nouudia, 
comedy, and ttoug), to make). A 
writer of comedy, a comic poet. 

KtJvetov, ov, to. Hemlock (the juice). 

Kuvumuv, uvoc, 6. Conopion. 

Ktovuxfj, cjTcog, 6. A gnat. 

K<poc, a, ov (adj. from Kuc, Cos). 
Coan, of Cos. — 6 Kwof, a Coan, 
an inhabitant of Cos, an island in 
the ^Egean Sea, one of the Spor- 
ades, celebrated for the manufac- 
ture of a species of transparent 
silk stuff, and as the birthplace of 
Hippocrates and Apelles. 

KG)7rn, nc, t) (from the obsolete ndir<o, 
root of kuttto), to seize, and of the 
Latin capio). The handle of an 
oar, the handle of a mill. — An 
oar. 

ntipoc, o), Doric for novpoe, ov, 6. A 
youth, &c. 

Kupa, ac, Doric for Kovpv, nc, rj. A 
maiden, &c. 

YLupvulov dvrpov, to. The Cory- 
cian grotto, on Mount Parnassus, 
sacred to the Corycian nymphs and 
the god Pan. 



Mac contr. /lac, gen. Mdoc contr. 
Idoc, 6. A stone. 

7id6rj, fjc, r) (from XuSelv, 2d aor. inf. 
of hau6uvo, to seize). Seizure, 
a grasping, hold. 

7ia6vpLv&oc, ov, 6. A labyrinth. 

Tidydpoc, d, ov ^adj.). Slack, un- 
braced, feeble, thin, slender, tender, 
delicate. 

Xayidlov, ov, to (dim. of 2,ay6c, a 
hare). A young hare. — A rabbit. 

Adyoc, ov, 6. Ldgus, a Macedonian 
of mean extraction, who married 
Arsinoe, daughter of Meleager. 
He was the reputed father of Ptol- 
emy, surnamed from him Lagus, 
who became king of Egypt after 
Alexander's death. 

layxavu, fut. lyt-o/iat, perf. Att. el- 
"KtjXO., Dor. and Ion. UXoyxa, 2d 
aor. Dmxov. To draw lots, to re- 
ceive by lot, to get possession, of, to 
obtain. 

Idyuc, "kdyu, 6. The hare. 

M-&pa (adv. from laftelv, 2d aor. 
inf. of Tiav&dvu), to lie hid). Se- 
515 



AAM 

cretly, by stealth, without the knowl- 
edge of. 

?,aif J coro/j.eo), u, fut. -jjao, perf. "keTiai- 
fioTOfirjKa (from haifide, the throat, 
and T£fivo, to cut). To cut the 
throat. 

Ticuoc, a, ov (adj.)- Left, on the 
left hand. — As a noun, ?; Tiaia 
(Xeip understood), the left hand. 

Aanaiva, nc, rj. A Spartan female, 
a woman of Lacedc&mon. 

Aaicedaip.6vZoc, a, ov (adj.). Lace- 
dcemonian. — As a noun, 6 Aa/ce- 
6atfj.6vioc (uvtjp understood), a 
Laced&monian. — rj Aa/tedaifiovia 
(yvvri understood), a Lacedcemo- 
nian woman. 

Aanedaificov, ovoc, ij. Lacedcemon 
or Sparta, a celebrated city of 
Greece, the capital of Laconia, 
situated in a plain near the Euro- 
tas. Its ruins are near the mod- 
ern Misitra. 

AuKiadrje, ov, 6. A member of the 
borough Laciadce or Lacadce. 

Aduov, covoc, 6. A Lacedamonian. 

AaKuviKT], fjQ, rj (fem. of AaKovtuoc, 
with y?) understood). Laconia, a 
country of Peloponnesus, situated 
at its southern extremity, having 
Messenia on the west, and Arca- 
dia and Argolis on the north. 

Aatiuvlnoc, rj, ov (adj.). Laconian. 

TiaKuviKuc (adv.). Like the Lace- 
dcemonians, laconically, pithily. 

haXio), w, fut. -rjocd, perf. XeTiuTivKa. 
To talk, to speak, to prattle, to 
converse. 

"kakwua, droc, to (from XaTiiu). 
Talk, prattling, speech, way of 
talking. 

/laAoc, ov (adj.). Talkative, loqua- 
cious, prattling. — Comp. XaMore- 
poc, superl. lalioTdroe. 

Adfidxoc, ov, 6. Lamdchus, a son 
of Xenophanes, sent into Sicily 
with Nicias. He was slain before 
Syracuse, B.C. 414. 

hafiSdvG), fut. 2,7Jijjo/j.aL, perf. Attic 
elTinfya, perf. pass. dJinfiuai and 
H?i7][jt./j.ai, 2d aor. act. eldSov. 
To take, to receive, to admit, to 
procure, to obtain, to acquire. — 
With the genitive, to take hold of, 
to seize by. 
516 



AAT 

"kafinue, ddoc, rj (from XafXKa, to 
shine). A torch, a light. 

AdfXTric, iSoc, 6. Lampis. 

lafjiTzpoc, a, ov (adj. from Xdfxiru). 
Shining, brilliant, bright, illus- 
trious, manifest, splendid, noble, 
respected, fresh. 

TiafiTzporric, nroc, rj (from Xafmpdc). 
Brilliancy, splendour, clearness, 
renown. 

Xafircpue (adverb from Xafiirpog). 
Brilliantly, brightly, clearly, fa- 
mously, decisively. 

TidjLnro), fut. Xduipio, perf. MXafifa. 
To shine, to be brilliant. 

Xav&dvu), fut. Xijacj, perf. "keknfta, 
2d aor. eXd&ov (from an old form, 
Tirj'&o), not in use). To lie hid, to 
remain concealed, to escape obser- 
vation, to do anything unconscious- 
ly. — When joined with a participle 
it is often rendered as an adverb. 
See note, page 12, line 15-16. — 
In the middle, Xav&dvop,ai, seldom 
hrj'&ofj.ai, fut. Tirjaop^ai, perf. pass, 
as mid. XeXnc/Liac. To forget, to 
omit, to conceal. 

Adofj-sdov, ovroc, 6. Laomedon, a 
king of Troy, and father of Priam. 
He was assisted in building the 
walls of Troy by Apollo and Nep- 
tune, whom afterward he refused 
to reward for their labour. 

"kdoc, ov, Attic Xe6c, 6, 6. The peo- 
ple, a crowd, a nation. 

Idoc, ov, 6. A stone. 

Aa-Kl&ai, €)v, o'c. The Lapitha, a 
people of Thessaly, who nearly 
exterminated the Centaurs in a 
quarrel, which arose at the cele- 
bration of the nuptials of Pirithous. 

Tidpva!;, ukoc, tj. A coffer, a box, a 
chest, an ark. 

Tidaloc, ov (adj. akin to Saavc). 
Hairy, shaggy, stout, rough. — 
Bushy. 

Aarlvy, rjc, q {yrj understood). La- 
tium, a country of Italy, lying 
south of Etruria, from which it 
was separated by the Tiber. 

AarlvoL, cjv, oi. The Latins, the in- 
habitants of Latium. 

Adrfxoc, ov, 6. Latmus, a mountain 
of Caria, in Asia Minor, near Mi- 
letus. 



AEr 

Tiarofiio), w, fut. -rjau, perf. 2,e?m- 
rdfirjKa (from hag, a stone, and 
TCfivo), to cut). To cut out stone, 
to quarry, to hew stone. 

2.<iTdfiri{ia, drog, to (from Tiaro/ieo)). 
Stone cut from a quarry, quarried 
stone, kewn stone. 

2,aTOfj.r}TOC, rj, ov (adj. from Aaro/zeu). 
Cut in stone, hollowed out of the 
rock. 

TMTOfiia, af, r) (from haro/ieu). A 
quarry. — In the plural, at Xdrdfc- 
tac, the quarries, a prison which 
Dionysius had in a rock near Syra- 
cuse. 

KarofuKoc, tj, ov (adj. from Xaro/ieo)). 
Requisite in quarrying, adapted 
to quarrying. — Xaro/xcKoc oidrjpog, 
a pick. 

Karpevcj, fut. -svau, perf. XeTidrpsvKa 
(from "kdrpic, one who serves for 
hire). To serve for hire, to serve. 
— To worship. 

?.avKdvirj, tjc, Ionic and poetic for 
Xavtcavia, ac, tj. The throat. 

AavpLcjTLKoc, rj, ov (adj. from Aav- 
ptov). Of or belonging to Lau- 
rium, Laurian, a region in Attica 
celebrated for its silver mines. 

Xdfpvpdyuyeo, ti, future -tjgu, &c. 
(from Xacpvpayoyog). To carry 
off as spoil, to bear off as booty. 

?id<j>vpdyuy6g, ov, 6 (from Xdtyvpov, 
booty, and ayo, to carry off). One 
who carries off booty, a plunderer. 

7-Mxaveva, fut. -evau, perf. XeXaxd- 
vsVKa (from Mx&vov). To culti- 
vate vegetables. 

%dxdvov, ov, to (from Xaxaivu, to 
dig). Plants from cultivated 
ground. — Pot-herbs, garden ve- 
getables. 

2,&xoc, sog. to (from haxEiv, 2d aor. 
inf. of layxdvo, to receive by lot). 
A portion by lot, a share, a lot. 

Xiaiva, tjc, tj (fern, of Tiiuv , the lion). 
The lioness. 

Aeapxog, ov, 6. Learchus, a son of 
Athamas and Ino, slain by his 
father in a fit of madness. 

MBijc, tjtoc, 6 (from Xa6u, root of 
?iau6avG), to hold). A caldron, a 
kettle, a large basin. 

leyovTL, Doric for Xeyovci, 3d plural 
pres. ind. of Xeyo. 

ji. x 



AETT 

Tieyo, fut. /Iffcj, perf. XAo^a, Attic 
elXoxa, 2d aor. tleyov. To say, 
to speak, to tell, to relate, to com- 
mand. — To cause to lie down, to 
let lie down. — 'keyojiai, to lie down 
to rest. — Tieyovrai, they are said to. 

herjTiaTtc), £>, fut. -rjou, perf. T^eXe- 
TjlaTTjua (from leia, booty, and 
iXavva, to drive off). To drive 
off as booty, to plunder, to pillage. 

Iei6tj, fut. Xeiipu), perf. TiiXeifa. To 
pour, to drop, to let flow. — In the 
middle, to flow, to fall in drops, to 
trickle. 

leifiuv, C)voc, 6 (from XeiSio). A 
grassy plain, a meadow, a mead. 

Xuoc, a, ov (adj.). Smooth, polished, 
even, soft, light. 

lenro&vfiiG), u, fut. -tjgcj, &c. (from 
leliru), and d-v/ioc, the spirit). To 
faint. 

XeiTTO), fut. Tieiipa, perf. XeTteKpa, 2d 
aor. ITutvov. To leave, to aban- 
don, to desert. — In the middle, 
7iei,7rofiai, fut. leiipouai, perf. M- 
Tioiira, to be inferior to, to be left 
behind by, to be surpassed, to be 
in want. 

TiELTovpyia, ac, rj (from leiTovpyto, 
to perform the duties of a public 
office). Public service or office 
(in which the person is obliged to 
defray the expenses himself). In 
general, public employment, occu- 
pation, labour. 

XeiTovpydc, ov, 6 (from Tlsitoc, pub- 
lic, and epyov, work). A public 
officer. 

Tieiijjdvov, ov, to (from Tie'ltxu). The 
remainder, the remains, a remnant. 

"KtKdvTj, tjc, rj (from Mnog, a dish). 
A dish, a bowl. 

lenTpov, ov, to (from Xeyofiai, to lie 
down). A couch, a bed. 

Xt^ig, £(og, tj (from 2,iyo, to speak). 
Speech, expression, language, a 
saying, recital, phraseology. 

AeovtZvoc, ov, 6. A Leontme, an 
inhabitant of Leontini, a city in 
Sicily. 

Xeovto)6tjc, sg (adj. from Ieuv ; alion, 
and Eidog, aspect). Of a lionlike 
aspect, fierce, lionlike, bold, cou- 
rageous. 

lETrlSu-og, tj, ov (adj. from IetuSou, 
517 



AET 

to render scaly). Scaly, covered 
with scales. 

fewroyEuc, uv (adj. from TieirrSg, and 
yia, yr), land). Having a thin 
soil, barren. 

Xstttoc, r), ov (adj. from liiro), to 
peel off). Peeled off, thin, small, 
delicate, of scanty size, slender. — 
Neuter as an adverb, Xctttov, del- 
icately, lightly, scarcely. 

Aepvaloc, a, ov (adj.). Lernaan, of 
or belonging to Lerna. 

Atpvn, nc, r). Lerna, a district of 
Argolis, celebrated for its grove 
and lake, where Hercules killed 
the famous hydra. 

Aeodog, ov, r). Lesbos, an island of 
the ^Egean Sea, lying off the coast 
of Mysia, forming, according to 
Homer, the southern boundary of 
the Trojan kingdom. It is now 
Metelin. 

Aevnadioc, ov, 6 (from Aevtcac). A 
Leucadian, an inhabitant of Leu- 
cas or Leucadia, an island in the 
Ionian Sea, off the coast of Acar- 
nania, now called Santa Maura. 
It once formed part of the main 
land. 

%EVK,av&i&, fut. -leu, perf. TieXev- 
K&v&iKa (from Tlevkoc, white, and 
av&oc, a flower). To have white 
flowers, to be white. 

AevKO&ea, ac, r). Leucothea or Leu- 
cotho'e, the name under which Ino 
was known after she had been 
changed into a sea-deity by Nep- 
tune. 

"kevnoc, r), ov (adj. from Tievo, Xeva- 
ao>, to shine). Bright, clear, 
white. 

"kevKorvc, vroc, r) (from XevKog). 
Whiteness, brilliancy, clearness. 

AevKovXkoc, ov, 6. Lucullus (Lu- 
cius Licinius), a famous Roman 
commander, to whom was intrust- 
ed the charge of the Mithradatic 
war, which he had nearly brought 
to a conclusion, when he was un- 
justly displaced and succeeded by 
Pompey. 

levKcJXevog, ov (adj. from Xevkoc, 
and Idkivn, an arm). White- 
armed, having white arms. 

"kevx^iov, ov (adj. from "kevnog, and 
518 



AH2 
elfia, a robe). White-robed, clothed 
in white. 

/le^oc, eoc, to (from Xeyopat, to lie 
down). A couch, a bed. — In the 
plural, texea, ov, rd, a bier, a sort 
of couch of state, upon which the 
dead body was exposed to view 
and burned. 

Mov, ovtoc, 6. A lion. 

Aewvldag and Aewvidnc, ov, 6. Le- 
onidas, a celebrated king of Sparta, 
who, with three hundred Spartans, 
withstood the whole army of the 
Persians at Thermopylae for three 
successive days. 

TJiyti, fut. "krj^u, perf. AeA^a. To 
cease, to desist, to abstain from. 

Ar/da, ac, r). Leda, wife of Tyn- 
darus, king of Sparta. 

Aij-d-atoc, a, ov (adj. from Aij&n). 
Of ox pertaining to Lethe, Lethean. 

Xrjd-n, nc, 7] (from A^iJo^ai, to for- 
get). Forgetfulness, oblivion. 

Ajj-frn, r/g, rj. Lethe (i. e., oblivion), 
one of the rivers of the under 
world, whose waters were quaffed 
by the souls which were destined 
to animate other bodies on earth, 
in order to cause oblivion of their 
present bliss. 

Tirj&G), not used in the present ; the 
other tenses assigned to Xav&dvu. 
See "kav&avu. 

"kr)lov, ov, to. A crop, a standing 
crop, afield. 

Aijftvoc, ov, ij. Lemnos, an island 
in the iEgean Sea, opposite the 
mouth of the Hellespont, now 
Stalimenc. It was fabled to con- 
tain one of the forges of Vulcan. 

AnvaZoe, ov, 6. Lenceus, a surname 
of Bacchus, from Irjvog, as the 
god of wine, &c. 

Invog, ov, 6. A wine-press. 

Inpeu, ti, fut. -TJcro), perf. "keXriprjKa 
(from Xrjpog, idle talk). To talk 
idly or foolishly, to act in a silly 
manner, to be guilty of folly. 

"kyoTEVG), fut. -evau, perf. helyOTev- 
na (from Ivarfjg). To rob, to 
plunder, to carry off as plunder, to 
be a robber. 

Inorrjg, ov, 6 (from "krjig, plunder). 

A plunderer, a robber, a pirate. 

I Tiyo-rpiKoe, f), ov (adj. from Ir/OTr/g). 






AIG 

Plundering, predatory, adapted to 
piracy. — hyorpiKT} Tpiv,pr\c, a pi- 
ratical vessel. 

Ayrco, 60c contr. ovc, y. Latbna, 
daughter of Coeus and Phcebe, and 
mother of Diana and Apollo by 
Jupiter. 

Xiav (adv.). Very, strongly, very 
much, extremely. 

TiWuvwtoc, ov, 6 (from 7J6avoe, the 
tree which produces frankincense). 
Frankincense, incense. 

Ai6vec, uv, 01. The Libyans, in- 
habitants of Libya. 

AWvy, rjc, 77. Libya. Among the 
early Greek writers the name was 
applied to the whole of Africa. 
The later Greek and the Roman 
writers restrict the term to a part 
of Africa between Egypt on the 
east and the Syrtes on the west, 
containing Cyrenaica and Marmar- 
ica on the coast, with an extensive 
unknown region in the interior. 

AZBvkoc, fj, 6v (adj.). Libyan, of 
Libya. 

Tayaiva), fut. Tuyavu, perf. XXiyayna 
(from Xiyvq, shrill, clear-toned). 
To sing with tuneful voice, to tell 
of in clear-toned strains. 

Xyvvc, voc, r). Ascending smoke, 
a pitchy cloud. 

AiyvEc, u>v, cl. The Ligurians, in- 
habitants of Liguria, a country 
of northern Italy, lying along the 
Sinus Ligusticus or Gulf of Genoa, 
now the territory of Genoa. 

XCyvpoc, a, ov (adj. from Xyvc, 
shrill). Shrill, sharp, piercing, 
clear-toned, tuneful. 

ATyvariKT}, r)c, i] (yrj understood). 
Liguria. See at Aiyvsc. 

Xiyv (adv.), Ionic for Xiav. Very, 
&c. 

/U#afw, fut. -aau, perf. Xe7S-&uko 
(from XI-&0Q, a stone). To throw 
stones at, to hurl stones. 

Ta&idlov, ov, to (dim. of ?u-&og). A 
small stone, a pebble. 

Xv&lvoc, y, ov (adj. from 71-&oc). 
Made of stone, stony, stone. 

72&o6oXa, ac, y (from Xl&oc, and 
/?a/.Aw, to cast). A casting of 
stones, a stoning. 

Tu&ottoucj, u, fut. -yau, perf. 7\,eX-&o- 



Aor 

irot?}K.a (from Sudor, and ttoleo), to 
make). To produce stone, to turn 
into stone, to petrify. 

7CI-&OS, ov, 6 and y (for the distinction 
produced by gender, see note, page 
57, line 1-2). A sionc, a rock. — 
A precious stone. 

Xlpyv, evoc, 6. A harbour, a ha- 
ven. 

Tiiuvdfa, fut. 7upvu.au, perf. XsXlp- 
vana (from 7upvrj). To lay under 
water, to convert into a lake or 
marsh. — tottoc Xpvu&v, a mo- 
rass or marsh. 

Xipvrj, yc, ?? (from ?.ei6o, to pour out, 
akin to 7.iur\v). A lake, a swamp. 

Xipbc, ov, 6 (from Xelttcj, to leave, 
perf. pass. Xi7,£ippai). Want of 
food, hunger, famine. 

7uvov, ov, to. Flax, thread made of 
flax. — Hence, linen. — A net. — e£tj 
Xivov, out of the nets, i. e., roam- 
ing at large. 

Alvoc, ov, 6. Linus, a native of 
Chalcis, son of Mercury and the 
muse Urania, instructer of Hercu- 
les in music. He was killed by 
the latter for having struck him on 
the head with his lyre. 

/.nrupoc, a, ov (adj. from Xiirae, fat). 
Fat, anointed with oil. — Rich, 
fruitful (applied to soils). — Of a 
shining appearance, opulent, biHll- 
iant, splendid, beautiful. 

Xiaaopai and Xtropai, fut. Xlaopai, 
1st aor. hXtoapyv, 2d aor. h7lrb- 
pyv. To pray, to beseech, to sup- 
plicate, to entreat, to request ear- 
nestly. 

TiLTavevw, fut. -evau, perf. 7ie7.ltu.v- 
evkcl (from 7uropai). To pray, to 
supplicate, to entreat. 

Xlrbq, f), ov (adj.). Simple, fine, 
small, frugal. 

Xirornq, yroc, y (from Xtrbc). Sim- 
plicity, plainness, frugality, econ- 
omy. 

7ioyi<^opat, fut. -laopai, perf. 7.E7^6yia- 
pai (from Xdyog). To reckon, to 
enumerate, to estimate, to consider, 
to reflect, to conclude. 

Tioylnbc, r}, 6v (adj. from Xbyoc). 
Reasonable, rational, logical, in- 
telligent, eloquent, endued with 
— As a noun in fern, r) 
519 



A03 
loyinfi {t&xvt) understood), the art 
of reasoning, logic. 

Tioylov, ov, to (prop. neut. of Tioyiog, 
intelligent). A saying, an oracu- 
lar saying, an oracle. 

?ioytGfj.6c, ov, 6 (from Tioyi^ofiai, to 
reflect). Reflection, thought, rea- 
son, computation, calculation, in- 
telligence, perception. 

2.6yoc, ov, 6 (from Tieyco, to speak). 
A word, a saying, a speech, a re- 
port, a narration, an account, an 
argument, reason, understanding, 
wisdom. — 66' e%ci 2,6yoc, this is the 
true computation. — Kara "koyov, in 
proportion to. — etc Xoyovc epxeo- 
$ai, to engage in conversation with. 

TioyxVi VC, V- The head of a javelin, 
a javelin, a spear. 

Xoerpov, ov, old Homeric form for 
"kovrpov, ov, to (from Tiovu, to 
wash). A bath. 

Tioiyoc, ov, 6 (akin to Tivypoc, painful, 
and the Latin luctus). Destruc- 
tion, calamity, death, wo. 

kocSopiu, to, fut. -rjaco, perf. Xelot- 
dopnua (from 2,olSopoc, slanderous), 
same as the middle TiocSopioftai, 
ovfiai, only that the active is joined 
with the accusative, and the middle 
with the dative. To rail at, to 
revile, to inveigh against, to re- 
proach. 

XoLjJioc, ov 6. A contagious dis- 
temper, a pestilence, the plague. 

TiOLnoc, rj, ov (adj. from Tieiiru, to 
leave). Remaining, that is left, 
rest. — As a noun in neut. , to locnov 
(fiepoc understood), the remainder. 
— ru 2.oina, the rest. — koc tol 
Tionrd, and so forth. — too lonrov 
(xpovov understood), for the time to 
come. 

Aofcpoi, cov, 04. The Locri, a people 
of Greece. The Greeks compre- 
hended under the name of Locri 
three tribes of the same people, 
distinct in territory, but doubtless 
derived from a common stock ; 
these were the Locri Ozolae, Epic- 
nemidii, and Opuntii. Aonpol 
'O^olai. See 'Ofo/lat. 

ho!-6e, ??, ov (adj.). Oblique, slant- 
ing, crooked. — Of oracles, ambig- 
uous. 
520 



ATK 

AovotTuvoi, £>v, ol. The Lusitam- 
ans. See Avocravoi. 

XovrpSv, ov, to (from lovw). A bath. 

Xovio, fut. 2,0600, contr. "kovau, perf. 
TiiTiOVKa, 1st aor. eTioeoa and eXbta- 
tra, contr. elovoa. To wash. — 
In the middle, to wash one's self, 
to bathe. 

Tiotpoc, ov, 6 (from Tiiizid, to peel off). 
The upper part of the neck of an 
animal, as it is rubbed by the yoke. 
— The crest, the summit, a hill, an 
eminence. 

Tioxayoc, ov 6 (from 2,6xoc, and rjyeo- 
fiai, ayu, to lead). A leader of a 
cohort, a commander of a troop of 
infantry. 

Xoxau, d, fut. "koxr}G<J, perf. %z- 
Ao^/ca (from loxog). To place in 
ambuscade. — To lie in wait for. 

Xoxeia, ac, rj (from Tioxzvu). Child- 
birth, delivery, parturition. 

"koxevo, fut. -evau, perf. 2,e2,6x£vna, 
same sig. in mid. loxevojiai. To 
bring forth, to give birth to. 

koxoc, ov, 6 (from Tieyco, to cause to 
lie down). A troop of warriors 
placed in ambuscade, a company of 
infantry (usually containing a hun- 
dred men). — Childbirth. 

Avynsvc, eve, 6. Lynceus, a son of 
JEgyptus, and husband of Hyperm- 
nestra the daughter of Danaus : 
his lifo was spared through the 
love of his wife. 

\vyp6c, a, ov (adj. from lv£to, to sob). 
Melancholy, doleful, piteous, dis- 
tressing, calamitous. 

Av6ia, ac, rj. Lydia, a country of 
Asia Minor, south of Mysia ; the 
richest and most effeminate and 
luxurious of all Asia. 

Av&oc, ov, 6. A Lydian, an inhabi- 
tant of Lydia. 

2,VKa6ac, avTog, 6. The year. 

Avuofirjdric, ov, 6. Jjycomedes, an 
Athenian, commander of a galley, 
who, in the battle of Salamis, first 
captured an enemy's vessel. 

2.VK0C, ov, 6. A wolf. 

AvKovpyoc, ov, 6. Lyeurgus, 1. a 
king of Thrace, son of Dryas. He 
drove Bacchus from his dominions, 
and cut down all the vines ; for 
this the god inflicted madness on 



AYS 
him, in a fit of which he put his 
son Dryas to death, and cut off his 
own legs, mistaking them for vine 
boughs ; and finally was drawn 
asunder by horses at the command 
of Bacchus. — 2. The celebrated 
Spartan lawgiver. 

?.vjuaivu, fut. Xv/ndvcJ, perf. XeT^v/iay- 
Ka (from Xvfia, filth), active seldom 
used. To befoul, to defile, to in- 
jure, to destroy, to devastate. — In 
the middle, same signif. "as active, 
and also, to cleanse one's self from 
impurities. 

Xvfi-n, ye, i]. Injury, outrage. — 
Filth. 

'KvTzeo, u, fut. ToVirfjCG), perf. "kekimn- 
na (from ?,VTcn). To grieve, to 
Jtarass, to distress, to afflict, to 
sadden, to injure. 

Ivirn, ng, 7]. Sadness, grief, dis- 
tress, affliction, pain, sorrow. 

7iV7rr/p6g, a, ov (adj. from hvireu). 
Afflicting, sorrowful, sad, painful, 
wearisome, suffering privations. 

Jjwnpbg, a, ov (adj. from Xvtteu). 
Distressed, poor, wretched. — As 
applied to soil, barren, sterile, un- 
productive. 

2,vpa, ag, Ionic Xvpn, ng, r). The 
lyre. 

Tivpl^o), fut. -lou, perf. Tielvplna (from 
?Mpa). To play on the lyre. 

AvoavSpog, ov, 6. Lysander, a Spar- 
tan general, who put an end to the 
Peloponnesian war, which had 
lasted 27 years, in the decisive 
battle at iEgospotamos, whereby 
he became absolute master of Ath- 
ens. 

Avoiag, ov, 6. Lysias, son of Ceph- 
alus, a celebrated Athenian orator 
who flourished about B.C. 458. 

Avoiudxog, ov, o. Lysimdchus, one 
of the generals of Alexander the 
Great : he received for his share 
of the empire Thrace and the Cher- 
sonese. 

Avoiirnog, ov, 6. Lysippus, a cele- 
brated sculptor and statuary, born 
at Sicyon. He was the only 
sculptor allowed by Alexander to 
make his statue. 

Xvoig, eoc, t) (from Xvu, to loose). 
The act of loosing, release, a set- 
Xx2 



MA 

ting at liberty, deliverance, libera 
tion, surrender. 

Avolruvia, ac, r). Lusitania, a part 
of ancient Spain lying on the At- 
lantic coast, included at first be- 
tween the Durius {Duro) and the 
Tagus, but afterward extended 
southward to the sea. It now 
forms part of Portugal. 

Avocravoi, tiv, oi. The Lusitani- 
ans, the inhabitants of Lusitania. 

?iVoIteXeo), &>, fut. -7)010, perf. "KeXv- 
oiTsXnKa (from TivoiteXtjc). To 
be useful, to be advantageous to, 
to profit. 

XvoIteTitjc, eg (adj. from Xvu, to dis- 
charge, and -re/toe, cost, expense). 
Profitable, advantageous, valuable, 
costly. 

Tivooa, ng, 7). Madness, insanity. 

?.vxvoc, ov, 6. A light, a lamp, a 
torch. 

Xvu, fut. Xvoo), perf. IeIvkc To 
loose, to slacken, to deliver up, to 
release, to solve, to abrogate, to 
discharge, to defray. — In the mid- 
dle, to get released for one's self 
(on the payment of a ransom), to 
ransom. 

Xo)6tjt6c, t], ov (adj. from Xuddofiai, 
to injure). Injured, abused, mis- 
used, reviled, ruined, unfortunate. 

Xcotuv, ov (adj. from Xdu, to wish, 
assigned as the irregular compara- 
tive to dya-&6c). Better, richer, 
more advantageous, more useful, 
preferable. — Superlative, ?itoio~og 
contr. X&otoc, best, &c. 

XtioTog, 7], ov (adj.). See under 
Xutuv. 

Xutoc, ov, 6. The lotus. 1. A 
species of ivater-lily, used as food 
by a people of Africa. — 2. A tree, 
the fruit of which, resembling dates, 
was so delightful, according to Ho- 
mer, that they who tasted it desired 
to remain for ever in that country, 
and lost all thoughts of home. 

M. 
[id, a particle used in adjuration or 
swearing, and followed by the 
name of the divinity in the accu- 
sative. It neither affirms nor de- 
nies of itself, but obtains its af- 
521 



MAI 
firmative or negative force, either 
from some accompanying particles, 
or from the context. — fid Ala, 1 
swear by Jupiter, by Jupiter. — fid 
rovg fteovq, by the gods. 

Mdyacog, ov, 6. Magceus, a brother 
of Pharnabazus. 

fiayvfjTic, Zdoc, i), and fiayvrJTnc, ov, 
6. A magnet or loadstone. 

(xa$a, nc, ij (from fidocu, to knead). 
A barley cake, bread. — Properly, 
barley bread, as distinguished from 
aproc, wheaten bread ; but it is 
sometimes applied to wheaten bread 
also. 

fta&c, ov, 6. A breast. 

fid$n/j,a, aroc, to (from /uav&avo, to 
learn). A lesson, knowledge, in- 
struction. 

fiadrjcic, ewe, r) (from the same). 
Learning, acquired knowledge, a 
lesson. 

fiaftnTrjc, ov, 6 (from the same). A 
learner, a scholar, a disciple. 

Mala, ac, r). Maia, a daughter of 
Atlas and Pleione, and mother of 
Mercury by Jupiter. She was one 
of the Pleiades, the most luminous 
of the seven sisters. 

ficuevofiat, fut. -evaofiai, perf. ficfial- 
evfiai (from fiala, a midwife), sel- 
dom used in the active voice. To 
deliver (as a midwife), to preside 
over childbirth. 

Maivdc, adoc, r) (from fialvofiai). A 
Bacchante, a female votary of 
Bacchus, a phrensied female, a 
fury. 

fialvofiai, fut. fiavovfiai, perf. fitpr/va, 
fut. act. fidvd, 1st aor. act. kfirjva, 
2d aor. pass, kfiavrjv (from fida, to 
be strongly excited ; the present 
active not in use). To become 
phrensied, to rave, to be furious, 
to be mad. — In the active, to mad- 
den. 

fiaiau, &, fut. -uou, perf. fiefialoKa, 
and middle, with the same signifi- 
cation, fiaioofiai, odfiai, &c. (from 
fiala, a midwife). To deliver, to 
act as midwife. — Passive, to be 
aided in delivery, to be assisted in 
birth. 

Maipa, ac, r). Mara, the faithful 
dog of Icarius, by means of which 
5552 



MAA 
Erigone discovered the dead body 
of her father. It was changed into 
the star Canis. 

Mai&rtc, Idoc, ij. Mcebtis (Palus), 
now Sea of Azof , a large marshy 
lake between Europe and Asia, 
connected with the Euxine by the 
Cimmerian Bosporus. 

Ma/cai, (bv, ol. The Macce, a people 
of Africa, who occupied the coast 
to the northwest of and near the 
greater Syrtis. 

Md/tap, dpoc, 6. Macar, son of Uus, 
the leader of a colony to the isle 
of Lesbos. Some, by a conjec- 
tural emendation of the scholiast 
who mentions him, make Macar a 
son of Helius, i. e., Phoebus. 

fidaap, gen. apoc (adj. of one ending, 
from x a i-P°>, to rejoice). Happy, 
blessed. — Opulent. — ol fidaapec, 
the gods, the blessed (in Ely- 
sium). 

pia/capi^G), fut. -Iao>, Att. -X6>, perf. 
/Lte/xandptKa (from ftuKap). To 
deem happy, to bless, to pronounce 
happy. 

[laKaploc, a, ov (adj.), same as fidxap. 
Happy, &c, commonly used in 
prose. 

Matcedovla, ac, r). Macedonia, a 
country of Europe, lying to the 
west of Thrace, and north and 
northeast of Thessaly. 

MunedoviKoc, 7], ov (adj.). Macedo- 
nian. 

MukeSuv, ovoc, 6. A Macedonian. 

jj.an.pdv (adv., properly ace. sing, 
fern, of fianpog, with 6S6v under- 
stood). At a great distance, far 
away. 

fj,aK.p66ioc, ov (adj. from fianpoq, and 
Ploc-, life).. Long-lived. 

jiaKpog, d, ov (adj.). Long, large, 
of great extent. — Neut. sing, and 
pi. as an adverb, fianpov and fiaapd, 
far, far distant. 

fj.aKpoTpdxn2.oc, ov (adj. from fiaicpoc, 
and rpdxriTioc, the neck). Long- 
necked. 

fidla (adv. ). Very, much, very much, 
assuredly, certainly. — Compara- 
tive, fiakXov, more, rather. — Su- 
perlative, fidXiara, most, chiefly^ 
especially, most commonly, 



MAN 

fiaAdKoc, 7}, ov (adj.). Soft, feeble, 
timid, effeminate. 

fiakuaau, fut. -ago), perf. fj.efxa.Xuxa 
(from fialuKog). To soften, to 
mollify, to appease, to prevail by 
entreaty. — To enervate. 

fiaAdxri, nc, r) (from fialdaau). Mal- 
lows, a plant of emollient qualities, 
whence the name. 

fxaTJ^roc, r), ov (adj. from fiaXkoq, 
wool). Covered with long wool, 
fleecy. 

fidv, Doric for firfv. 

Mdvnc, eoc contr. ovc, 6. Manes-, a 
servant of Diogenes, who ran 
away on account of his master's 
scanty fare. 

fiav&avu, fut. fia-Srjaofiai, perf. fie- 
fj.d-&rjKa, 2d aor. ifidd-ov. To com- 
prehend, to learn, to understand, 
to perceive, to know. 

fidvia, ac, if (from fiaivofiai, to rave). 
Madness, phrensy, a fit of mad- 
ness, insanity. 

lwvckoc, f), ov (adj. from fiavia). 
Raving, furious. 

fiavreia, ac, if (from ftavrevo/Jai). 
Prophecy, prediction. 

juavrelov, ov, to (prop. neut. of fiav- 
teloc, that delivers oracles). The 
plate where oracles are delivered, 
an oracle. 

jiavrevofiat, fut. -svaofiac, perf. fie- 
fidvrevfjhai (dep. mid. from fidvric, 
a prophet). To prophesy, to de- 
liver oracles, to predict. 

jiavTCKoc, if, 6v (adj. from fidvric). 
Of or pertaining to divination, di- 
vining, prophetic. — As a noun, in 
the feminine, fiavriKTf, r)c. 7} {tex v V 
understood), the art of divination, 
the prophetic art. 

Mavriveia, ac, if. Mantinea, one 
of the most ancient and celebrated 
cities of Arcadia, where Epami- 
nondas lost his life, in the memo- 
rable battle in which he routed 
the Lacedaemonian forces, B.C. 
363. 

ftavTic, eoc Ion. loc, 6 (from uaivo- 
fiai, to be inspired, to rave). A 
prophet, a soothsayer, a diviner. 

fudvvrdc, a, Doric for finvvrrfc, ov, 6 
(from finvvu, to inform). An in- 
former, an accuser. 



MAS 

Mapd&d>v, wvof, if. Marathon, a 
borough of Attica, where the 
Athenians, under the command of 
Miltiades, defeated the Persian 
army, commanded by Datis and 
Axtaphernes, B.C. 490. 

fidpaivca, fut. fj.apu.vC), 1st aor. e/idp- 
Tjva, Att. e/idpdva, perf. fiefidpay- 
na. Property, to consume by fire. 
— Hence, to dry up, to parch, to 
cause to wither, to blast. — In the 
middle, to become withered, to de- 
cay, to waste. 

~M.ap66vioc, ov, 6. Mardonius, a 
general of Xerxes, who was left in 
Greece with an army of three hun- 
dred thousand men to subdue the 
country, but was defeated and 
slain in the battle of Plataea, B.C. 
479. 

Mdpcoc, ov, 6. Marius, a celebrated 
Roman, who from a peasant be- 
came master of Rome. He was 
seven times consul, and honoured 
with a triumph for the total over- 
throw of the Cimbri and other bar- 
barians. 

M.apftapidai, tiv, ol. The Marman- 
d<z, the inhabitants of Marmarica, 
a country of Africa lying east of 
Cyrenaiea, along the Mediterra- 
nean, forming part of the modern 
Barca. 

uapfiapi^u, fut. -lau, perf. fiefiapfidp- 
lua (from fidpiidpoc). To shine 
like marble, to have the hardness 
of marble. 

fj.dpfj.dpoc, ov, r\ (from uapfiaipu, to 
shine). Marble, hard white stone. 

NLapavag, ov, 6. Marsyas, a satyr 
of Celaense, who having found the 
pipe which Minerva had thrown 
away, learned to play on it, and 
challenged Apollo to a musical 
contest. The god of music proved 
victorious, and flayed the unhappy 
Marsyas alive. 

fiaprvpecj, u>, fut. -rjau, perf. fieuap- 
rvpvKa (from ftdprvp, a witness). 
To be a wit7iess, to testify, to at- 
test. 

fiaprvpia, ac, t) (from fjaprvpeu). 
Testimony, attestation, evidence. 

udaaa), Attic fidrru, fut. fidtjo, perf. 
fjE/j-dxa (from fidci, to press fer- 
523 



MEr 

ward). To touch, to feel. — To 
knead bread. 

fiaarevo, fut. -evaco, perf. fiefidarevKa 
(from fidaao). To search, to seek, 
to strive after. 

fiaarlylag, ov, 6 (from fidart^, a lash). 
A vile wretch. See note, page 
145, line 26. 

\xaarlyou, u, fut. -wiru, perf. fiefiaa- 
rlyuKa (from fidon!;, a lash). To 
scourge, to whip, to punish. 

IxaariCu, fut. -it-u, perf. fiepdarlxa, 
same root and meaning as fiaarl- 
yoo. 

(laraioc, a, ov (adj. from fidrnv). 
Vain, useless, unprofitable. 

[i&ttjv (adv., properly accusative of 
fidrri, vanity). In vain, uselessly, 
unprofitably, groundlessly, to no 
purpose. 

fidrnp, Doric for urjrrjp. 

Mdrptg, Idog, 6. Matris. 

fidrrco. See fiuaau. 

/x&xatpa, ac, tj (from fidxv). A 
curved sword, a sabre, a knife. 

fidxaipig, Idog, rj (dim. of fidxatpa). 
A small sabre, a knife, a razor. 

/j.dxv, VCi V- A battle, conflict, fight, 
an engagement. 

liaXnTlKoc, rj, ov (adj. from fidxrj). 
Pertaining to conflict, warlike, ad- 
dicted to strife, pugnacious. 

fidx^og, rj, ov (adj. from fidxrj). 
Warlike, quarrelsome, contentious. 

/udxouat,, fut. fidxeoofiai, fidxvoofiai, 
and Attic fiaxovfiai, perf. fiefidxea- 
uai and fieudxrjfiai (from fidx?j, a 
combat, a battle). To combat, to 
fight, to contend, to quarrel. 

[jdcj, an old verb, from which in use, 
perf. fiifida, with the signification 
of pres. To desire ardently, to 
press forward towards, to search, 
to propose. — In the middle, fido- 
fiai, fiufiai, fut. [idaouai, 1st aor. 
kfiaadfinv, to seek after, to search 
into, to investigate. 

jueya^avxeu, €>, fut. -rjao, perf. fie- 
fieyaTiavxVKa (from fieyag, great, 
and aixecj, to boast), and middle, 
fjeyaTiavxeofiai. To vaunt one's 
self, to speak boastfully, to boast. 
— To be proud. 

fjeyaTiTjTop, op, gen. opog (adj. from 
fieyag, great, and r]Top, heart). 
524 



MEr 

Magnanimous, courageous, noble- 
hearted. 

fieyaXodevdpog, ov (adjective from 
fieyag, great, and devdpov, a tree). 
Abounding in large trees. 

fieya?^oirpayfioovvrj, ng, rj (from fie- 
yag, great, and rcpdyua, an action). 
Aptitude for great enterprises, en- 
terprising disposition, enterprise, 
&c. 

fieyaXoTcperrrjg, eg (adj. from fieyag, 
great, and Tcpenu, to become). 
Magnificent, noble, sumptuous, 
becoming the great, splendid. 

/ueyaXoTTpeirtig (adv. from fieydloirpe- 
rcrjg). Magnificently, sumptuous- 
ly, nobly, with great splendour. 

/jeyaXoipvxecj, £, fut. -7Jao) (from 
fieyag, great, and ipvxv, spirit). 
To act with magnanimity or 
courage. 

fjeyaloipvxia, ag, rj (from fieyahoipv- 
X£0))- Greatness of soul, mag- 
nanimity. 

fieyd/ivvo, fut. -aTivvti, perf. pefie- 
ydhvytca (from fieyag, great). To 
render great or powerful, to mag- 
nify, to aggrandize, to extol. 

Meydpa, uv, rd. Megdra, the capi- 
tal of Megaris, situated about mid- 
way between Athens and Corinth, 
and near the Saronic Gulf. 

~M.eya.pevg, eug, 6. An inliabitant of 
Megdra. — 01 Meydpelg, the Mega- 
rians. 

Meyaplnij, fjg, h (properly fern, of 
~M.eyap7.Kog, with yrj understood). 
The territory of Megaris, Megaris. 

MeyapiKog, rj, ov (adj.). Of or be- 
longing to Megaris or Megdra, 
Megarian. 

Meydpig, Idog, rj. Megaris, a small 
territory of Greece, lying to the 
west and northwest of Attica. 

fieydpov, ov, to (from fieyag). A 
mansion, a house, a palace, a hall, 
a chamber. 

fieyag, fieydlrj, fieya (adj.). Great, 
large, powerful. — Comp. fieifav, 
ov ; superl. /jeyicrrog, n, ov. — nal 
to fieyiGTOV, and above all. — Lit- 
erally, and what is greatest. 

fieye-&og, eog, to (from psyag). Great- 
ness, magnitude, size. See note, 
page 51, line 11-15. 



MEG 

HeSeovaa, nc, if (properly fern, of 
pres. part, of fiedeu, to take care 
of, which is the only part used). 
A female ruler, a protectress. — A 
patron-goddess. 

fiedo/iat, fut. fxedrjGOfiaL (dep. mid. 
of [itdoi, which is rarely used ex- 
cept in pres. part.). To take care 
of, to concern one's self about, to 
attend to, with the genitive. 

fiidifivoc, ov, 6. A medimnus, a 
Grecian measure of capacity, con- 
taining 1 bushel, 1 peck, 1 gallon, 
1 quart, 1 pint. 

Mtdovaa, nc, y. Medusa, daughter 
of Phorcys and Ceto, the only one 
of the three Gorgons subject to 
mortality. She was slain by Per- 
seus, who placed her head on the 
aegis of Minerva. 

fiidcjv, ovroc, 6 (from fjidofiai, to 
care for). A ruler, a sovereign, a 
protector. 

pLE^aXkofiat, future -akovfiai, &c. 
(from fierd, denoting change, and 
aXkofiai, to leap). To leap about, 
to dart. — 2d aor. fiE-d-nXofiyv, part, 
syncopated, fxerdXuevoc. 

fj.e&apjj.6£c), fut. -oaco, &c. (from 
fiera, denoting change, and dpfio- 
£b, to adjust). To adjust in a 
different manner, to change, to 
amend. 

[i6$n, nc, jj (from fied-v, wine). In- 
toxication, drunkenness. 

fied-icTTjfiL, fut. fierao-Trjcjcj, &c. (from 
\ierd, denoting change, and "tarnut, 
to place). To pat in another place, 
to transfer, to remove, to change. 
— As neuter, in perf., pluperf., and 
2d aor., to change sides, to go 
away, to go over to. — In the mid- 
dle, to change one's own place, to 
remove one's self. 

fie&optog, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. 
from uerd, between, and opoc, a 
boundary). Forming a boundary 
between, bounding, contiguous. — 
As a noun (with tottoc understood), 
a boundary. 

fie-&vo~K0) and ued-vo (the latter used 
only in pres. and imperf.), fut. 
fie&vo-u, perf. jxefj.id-vK.a (from fii- 
&v, wine). To intoxicate with 
wine, to inebriate. — In the middle, 



MEA 
to drink to intoxication, to intoxi- 
cate one's self with, followed by 
the genitive. — 1st aor. pass, kfie- 
ti-vo&nv. 

[xeiduu, C), fut. -rjGa, perf. fiEfLtldnKa. 
To smile. 

fj.£idiacj, C), fut. -itioo, perf. fjEfjeidla- 
ica, poetic for fiEiddu. 

/uei&v, ov (irreg. comp. of fjiyac). 
Greater, &c. 

uEipdnlov, ov, to (dim. of fjstpat;, a 
youth). A boy, a young man, a 
mere youth. 

ueipofiat, fut. /xEpovfiac, perf. Efjfiopa, 
perf. pass. Eifj.apfj.at, aor. act. e/j.- 
fiopov. To obtain a share, to get 
by lot, to receive. — Impers., perf. 
pass., Elfiaprai, it is fated, it is 
appointed by destiny ; pluperfect 
ELfiapro. — to £c/j.apfj.evov, the allot- 
ment of fate, fate. 

ftE/layxo/Xdto, co, fut. -ijao, &c. (from 
fj-slac, and x°^Vi bile). Literally, 
to be affected with black bile. — 
Hence, to be melancholy, to be in- 
sane. 

fjEkac, atva, av (adj.). Black, dark, 
obscure. 

fje/iEi, fut. [leTiriaEL, perf. fjE/jilvKe 
(imper. verb from fje/Xo, to be a 
care), usually with the dative of 
the person. It concerns, it is a 
care, it interests. 

/ueXe'i^o and fjEMC^o, fut. -i^o) and 
-loa>, &c. (from /jeXoc, a limb). 
To cut into pieces, to dismember, 
to mutilate. 

(jeTietuu, £), fut. -rjoid, perf. fjE/jeXET- 
nua (from fisha, to be a care). 
To bestow diligent care upon, to 
take care of, to apply to, to study, 
to practise. 

/jeIett], nc, i] (from uE/\.ETdu). Care, 
close application, practice, prepara- 
tion, exercise, training. 

fJEXeTVTTJpLOV, OV, TO (from /JE2.ET7J, 

with ending rrfpcov, denoting place 
where). A place for exercise or 
practice, a study, a school. 

fie\r}fia, droc, to (from fXE/\u, to be 
a care). An object of care, care. 

Mslng, ov and vtoc, 6. Meles, a 
river of Ionia in Asia Minor, near 



miyrn 



a. Some of the ancients 



supposed that Homer was born on 
525 



MEM 
the banks of this river, from which 
circumstance they call him Mele- 
sigencs. 

jxeTu, Irog, to. Honey. 

[xeXifc, fut. -lao, perf. fiefieTuKa (from 
fiilog, a song). 1. To modulate, 
to sing, to play on an instrument. 
— 2. See fieXe'ifa. 

MeTiIniprng, ov, 6. Mclicertes, or 
Melicerta, a son of Athamas and 
Ino. saved by his mother from the 
fury of his father. Ino sprang into 
the sea with him in her arms, and 
Neptune turned him into a sea 
deity, under the name of Palcemon. 

fieTiicfiu, Doric for fieXi^co. 

fiiXtafia, aToe, to (from fJ,E?d£u, to 
sing). A song, a melody, a strain. 

fiEkiaaa, nc, and Attic fieTiiTTa, vg, tj 
(from fieTit, honey). A bee. 

fj.e7i7irjap.6c, ov, 6 (from jieTJiu). De- 
ferring, delaying, hesitating, pro- 
crastination. 

[xiXku, fut. peTiTiT/GU, perf. fiEfiDJirfKa. 
To be about, to intend, to purpose, to 
delay, to linger. — "With the infini- 
tive, to be about to ; as, jieXku levai, 
I am about to go. — to [jeXAov, the 
future. — tu [xeTikovTa, things about 
to happen, the future. 

fisTioc, eog, to. A member, a limb, 
a part. — A verse, a lyric poem, a 
song, a tune, a strain. — fizXuv 
7roi7]T7/g, a lyric poet. 

MeIttouevv, vg, rj. Melpomene, one 
of the Muses ; she presided over 
tragedy. Her name is derived 
from fieTiTcofiai, to sing. 

fieXTTu, fut. fieTifo, and in the middle, 
fieTiTcoficu (from peloc, song). To 
recreate one's self (by song or 
dances), to sing, to play, to dance. 

fxelo), fut. fielrjaio, perf. fiefielrjua 
(akin to fieTiku). To be a concern 
or care to, to be a source of care. 

f/.e7,(j)6eo), 6), fut. -fjou, perf. fj.efi.E- 
XudrjKa (from fjeXog, and adu, to 
sing). To sing melodiously, to 
sing, to modulate, to play. 

fj,e7i(f)dia, ag, i] (from ft£?Mdeo). A 
melodious song, melody. 

Mepvovlov, ov, to. The Memnoni- 

um, a splendid structure at Thebes 

in Egypt, on the western side of 

the river, wherein was the vocal 

526 



MEN 
statue of Memnon, which was 
believed by the ancients to utter a 
sound like the snapping of a harp- 
string, when it was struck by ihe 
first beams of the sun ; but see 
note, page 112, line 29-33. 

[i.£fj.ova, Ionic and epic perf. mid., from 
a theme fiivu, not extant in the 
pres. but akin to fiifiaa, as yeyova 
to yeyaa ; with the signif. of a 
pres. To intend, to purpose, to 
desire. 

fiEfiiTTog, rj, ov (adj. from juefj^o/jat). 
Blamed, censured, faulty, blame- 
able. 

Mefityig, Idog, if. Memphis, a famous 
city of Egypt, on the western bank 
of the Nile, about fifteen miles 
south of the Delta. 

fiifxfyofiai, fut. fii/jipo/j.ai, perf. fJEfiefi.- 
fiat. To rebuke, to censure, to 
blame, to reproach with, to be in- 
dignant at. 

fiiv (a particle of connexion and af- 
firmation). Indeed. Opposed to 
6e in the latter part of the clause 
or sentence. It sometimes is 
omitted, though 6e follows. In 
translating it is often expressed by 
a mere emphatic tone of the voice, 
and is only rendered indeed when 
strong opposition is marked. 

MevettpaTng, eog contr. ovg, 6. Me- 
necrates, a physician of Syracuse, 
famous for his vanity and arro- 
gance ; he assumed the title of 
Jupiter. 

MeveXuog, ov, 6. Meneldus, a king 
of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, 
and son of Atreus, according to 
Homer, but more probably of Plis- 
thenes a son of Atreus. He was 
chosen by Helen as a husband in 
preference to the other Grecian 
princes. 

fxevog, eog, to (from the root fj.au, 
akin to /jevu). Bodily strength, 
might, vigour, impetuosity, incli- 
nation. 

fizvTOL (a particle from fjrjv, epic fiiv, 
and Toi). Indeed, truly. — But in- 
deed, nevertheless. 

fiivu), fut. jUEvco, perf. ue/jEvnica, 1st 
aor. EfiELva (from the theme fidio, 
akin to fihog). To remain, to 



ME 2 
abide, to persist, to remain firm. — 
To await. See fiifiova. 

fiepi^u, fut. -lad), perf. fiefiEplna (from 
fiepog). To divide, to parcel out, 
to give a part. — In the middle, to 
share, to partake, to reserve for 
one's self, to appropriate to one's 
self. 

fiepog, eoc, to. A part, a share, a 
portion, a side. — izapa fiepog, by 
turns. — Trleiorov fiEpog. See 
note, page 23, line 1-3. 

peayfi6pia, ag, y (from fiicog, and 
y/j-ipa, a day). Midday, noon. 
— The south. 

fLEOyfiSptnog, 77, ov, and fiEcyfi6pIvog, 
rj, ov (adj. from fieayfxBpia) . Per- 
taining to noon or the south, meri- 
dian, southern. 

fxsooyala, ag, y (prop. fern, of fiE- 
aoyatog, with %wpa understood). 
The interior (of a country). 

fteaoyecor, ov (adj. from fieaog, and 
yala for yy, land). Situated to- 
wards the centre of a country, mid- 
land, interior. 

ueco?m6eg), u, fut. -ycu, perf. fie/uscr- 
o7ia6yna (from fiiaog, and ?ia6el.v, 
2d aor. inf. of Xafihdvo), to take). 
To seize by the middle, to catch 
up, to hold by the middle, to inter- 
cept. 

MeaowoTa/j-ia, ag, y. Mesopotamia, 
an extensive province of Asia, be- 
tween the rivers Euphrates and 
Tigris ; whence its name from 
fiiaog, and norafxog, a river, i. e., 
the country between the rivers (yy 
being understood). 

fieaog, y, ov (adj.). In the middle, 
middle, in the midst, intermediate, 
lying between. — ev /neav, in the 
middle, publicly. — (j>&iyyofiaL eig 
fiiaov, to interrupt. 

fj,£o6o, w, fut. fiEoOau, perf. fiEpiEcroKa 
(from fieaog). To break in half, 
to break in the middle, to halve. — 
To be in the middle, to be half. 

Meo-aytg, idog, 7/. Messeis, a foun- 
tain in Thessaly. 

Meaa^vn, rjg, r/. Messene, the capi- 
tal of Messenia, situate at the foot 
of Mount Tthome, and founded by 
Epaminondas. 

Meacyvia, ag, y. Messenia, a prov- 



MET 
ince of the Peloponnesus, west of 
Laconia, and south of Arcadia and 
Elis. 

Meaonvianog, y, 6v (adj.). Messe- 
nian, of Messenia. — As a noun, y 
Meccyvcany (yy understood), Mes- 
senia. 

Meao^vcog, a, ov (adj.). Messenian. 
— As a noun, oh Meootjviol, the 
Messenians, the inhabitants of 
Messenia. 

fiearog, y, ov (adj.). Full, satiated, 
sated, satisfied, followed by the 
genitive. 

fierd (prep., governs the genitive, 
dative, and accusative). With the 
genitive it denotes with, together 
with, in company with, by means 
of. — With the dative, only in po- 
etry, among, between, in. — With 
the accusative, after, next after, 
towards. — Without a case, as an 
adverb, besides, moreover, together, 
afterward. — fiErd 6i, and after 
this. — fie& rjavxiag, in repose, in- 
dolently. — fi£-&' T)jiepag, by day. — 
In composition it denotes change 
or transposition, like the Latin 
trans, participation, &c. 

iieratdXku), fut. -6a/\£), &c. (from 
fierd, and /3a/U«, to throw). To 
throw across, to remove to an- 
other place, to transfer, to change, 
to transform. 

fiETataOLg, eug, y (from fieraSaivcj, 
to go away). A transition, a 
passing from one place to another, 
departure, change of abode. 

fxeraSoXy, yg, y (from fiETaSdTiko). 
Change, transposition, exchange, 
a revolution, a variation (in music). 

fj.Era6ai.vvfj.aL, fut. -6aiaofiai, &c. 
(from fierd, with, and daivvfiac 
(mid. of daivvfu), to feast). To 
feast with, to partake of along 
with. 

fiEradcdufit, fut. -duoo), &c. (from 
fierd, denoting participation, and 
didofu, to give). To give a share 
of unto, to impart unto, to partici- 
pate with, with a dative of the 
person and genitive of the thing 
shared. 

fiETa2.afj.6dvo), fut. -Xytyofiai, &c. 
(from uerd, denoting participation, 
527 



MET 
and hap-Suva, to take). To take 
a part of, to participate with, to 
share in, to partake of. — To take 
or receive after another. 

fiEToXkaocid and Att. -aTCkdrrci, fut. 
-a2,?M^o), &c (from //era, deno- 
ting change, and uXkaacu, to bar- 
ter). To change one thing for 
another, to exchange, to barter. — 
In the middle, to pass by. 

fieraTiXdo), £>, fut. -rjou, &c. (from 
fier' dXha, after other things than 
those known). To inquire after 
other things, to search after, to be 
inquisitive. 

fiETa?./ieia, ac, tj (from fierahXevo)). 
The search after metals, the opera- 
tion of milling, mining. 

fieraTiTievco, fut. -evgcj, perf. pefierdl- 
favita (from (jLeraTJiov). To work 
mines, to dig for metals, to dig. 

peTaXXluoc, rj, 6v (adj. from fieral- 
Tiov). Pertaining to mines or 
metals, metallic. 

fiiraXKov, ov, to (from fj.er' dXka, 
after other things than those 
around and known). A metal, 
ore. — In the plural, rd [lEraXka, 
mines. — It denotes, first, a search- 
ing in the earth, and is thus applied 
to both mines and quarries ; next, 
the minerals dug out of the mines ; 
and lastly, confined to ores and 
metals. 

fieTa2,/j.evoc, by syncope for p,£-&d?i6fz- 
evoc, aor. part, to p.e'&dlXop.at. 

fieTa/Lte?.ofj,ai, fut. -(ieTiijoo^at, perf. 
fieTafiE/aeXv/J'ai (from /nerd, deno- 
ting change, and fieXofiai, to be 
concerned). To repent and alter 
one's purpose, to feel regret for, to 
repent. 

p.ETapop<l>6o), C), fut. -p,op(pG)GG), perf. 
/LLETa/j.£u6p<f)(,)K.a (from uetu, deno- 
ting change, and p,op<p6cj, to form). 
To transform, to metamorphose, to 
change. 

fiEravaarevcj, fut. -evgu, perf. p,e- 
fiETavdcTTEVica (from fiETavdarvg, 
an emigrant). To change one's 
country, to emigrate, to change 
one's place of abode. 

fieravioTvpi, fut. -avaGT^GU, &c. 
(from fiErd, denoting change, and 
dviGTrijiL, to cause to rise). To 
528 



MET 
transport from one place to an- 
other. — In the middle, to remove 
to another habitation, to emigrate, 
to adopt another mode of life. 

jLiETavoeu, £>, fut. -voiJGU, &c. (from 
/xetu, denoting change, and voeu, 
to think). To change one's opin- 
ion, to think differently, to repent, 
to regret. 

fiETagv (adv.). Between, among, 
during, in. — In the mean time. 

/nETaTTEfiTTO), fut. -iTE/uipo), &c. (from 
/.ietu, after, and irEfi-na, to send). 
To send after, to send in quest of, 
to depute. — In the middle, to send 
for, to go in search of. 

MeTurrovTiov, ov, to. Metapontum, 
a city of Lucania in lower Italy, 
on the coast of the Sinus Tarentl- 
-nus. Its ruins are near Torre di 
Mare. 

p.£TaGK£vd^o, fut. -a,GO), &c. (from 
fiErd, denoting change, and gkev- 
d£w, to arrange). To prepare or 
arrange differently, to change. 

p.£TaGrp£(j>G), fut. -GTpfytj, &c. (from 
fiErd, denoting change, and Grpfyo, 
to turn). To turn to one side or 
back, to avert, to pervert, to turn 
from the right course. — In the 
middle, to turn. 

lieraGxvp-dTL^o), fut. -Xgu, perf. [iet- 
EGxnpidrlKa (from-jwera, denoting 
change, arid GXf]p-o,Ti(,u>, to form). 
To change the form, to transform, 
to alter. 

p.£TaTi&nfit, fut. -&tjgu, &c. (from 
psTa, denoting change, and ridnfu, 
to place). To change the place of, 
to transpose, to misplace, to trans- 
fer, to change. 

ftETavSdo), u, fut. -avdrjGu, perf. /ie- 
rnvdnna (from fiErd, with, and av- 
ddo, to speak). To address, to 
hold a conversation with. 

usrafEpo), fut. {ietoigg), &c. (from 
jiETa, denoting change, and dipco, 
to bear). To transport, to trans- 
fer, to convey away. — To use in a 
figurative sense. 

ftETacpopiKuc (adv. from [lETafyoptnoc., 
used in a figurative sense, from 
fiEracpspo)). Figuratively, by met- 
aphor. 

fiETEipit, fut. -EGOfiai, &c (from fiErd, 



MET 

with, and elfti, to be). To be with 
or among, to be present. — With a 
genitive of the thing, to partici- 
pate in. 

fiirEijii, fut. -Eiaofiai, &c. (from fie- 
rd, after, and elui , to go). To go 
after, to go in search of, to go for, 
to pursue, to follow up, to revenge 
or punish. 

(ieteittov, Ion. fiEriEinov, &c. (from 
fierd, with, and eittov, 2d aor. to 
$71)11, to speak). To speak with, 
to speak to, to address. 

UEripxo/iai, fut. -ehevaofiai, &c. 
(from fierd, after, and ipxofiai, to 
go). To go after, to go in search 
of, to pursue. — To take revenge, 
to punish. 

fierixo), fut. fied-e^cj and fieranxw^, 
&c. (from fierd, denoting partici- 
pation, and ex<J, to have). To 
participate in, to partake of, to 
possess in common with, to have a 
share in. 

uerEupi^u, fut. -leu and Att. -Id, 
perf. fieficTetoplKa (from fiEriupog). 
To lift on high, to raise aloft, to 
elevate, to hang on high, to keep in 
suspense, to excite. 

fiETeupoc, ov (adj. from fierd, deno- 
ting change, and iupa a form of 
aiupa, the act of suspending, which 
from alupicj, to raise on high). 
Raised on high, raised aloft, on 
high, suspended in the air. — In 
suspense, anxious. 

UETEupcjc (adv. from fiEriupog). In 
a state of suspense, anxiously. 

uETfjopog, ov (adj.), poetic for fieri- 
upoc. 

ueroTucr&Ev (adv. from fisra, next 
after, and oiuct&e, behind). Di- 
rectly behind, next in order, after- 
ward, behind, after. 

fiErdwupov, ov, to (from fierd, after, 
and oTrupa, autumn). TJie end of 
autumn, the end of the harvest 
season. 

fi£Tox/u&, fut. -tcro), perf. fiEr^xMKa 
(from fiErd, denoting change, and 
bx^u, to move by a lever). To 
remove by means of a lever, to lift 
away, to push back. — fisroxhicr- 
GEia, epic 1st aor. opt. 

fierpioc, a, ov (adj. from fiirpov). 
Y Y 



MHK 

In due measure, sufficient, moder- 
ate. — rb fiirpiov, proportion. 

fiETpiuc (adv. from fiirpioc). Mod- 
erately, suitably, slightly. 

fiirpov, ov, to. Measure, stature, 
size. 

fiiruKov, ov, to (from fierd, after, 
and dip, the eye). The forehead, 
the front, the brow. 

fiixpl and fiixpcc (adv.). Until, as 
far as, as long as. — fiixpt- tivqq, 
for some time, a while. — fiixpiC 
otov, until, so long as. — fiixpi 
■koTCXov, a long time. 

fir] (a negative particle and conjunc- 
tion). Not, lest. — fiTJ is the con- 
ditional or dependant negative, ov 
the absolute one. 

findi (conj. from (aj and Si). Nor. 
— (In the middle of a sentence) 
not even, not at all. — fin Si ..... 
findi, neither nor. 

Mr/deia, ac, r). Medea, a celebrated 
sorceress, daughter of J^etes, king 
of Colchis. She married Jason, 
and fled with him to Greece, after 
she had aided him in obtaining the 
golden fleece. 

findeig, firjSEfiid, firjdiv (pronom. adj. 
from findi, and etc, one). Not 
even one, no one, none. — findiv, 
nothing, in no respect. 

fiTjdEiTOTE (adv. from findi, not even, 
and Trore, ever). Never at any 
time, never. 

findi-iru (adv. from findi, not even, 
and 7rw, at some time). Not yet, 
not at all. 

Mndia, ac, r). Media, an extensive 
country of Asia, bounded on the 
west by Assyria, on the south by 
Persia, on the east by Parthia and 
Hyrcania, and on the north by the 
Caspian. 

Tslndicri (adv.). According to the cus- 
tom of the Medes, like the Medes. 

iii]6ofiai, fut. fiijGOfiai, 1st aor. kfinca- 
finv (dep. mid. from fiijSog). To 
concern one's self about, to plan, 
to devise. 

M^ooc, ov, 6. A Mede, an inhabi- 
tant of Media. 

firjKiri (adv. from jiff, not, and ire, 
farther). No farther, no more^ 
no longer. 

529 



MHT 

fir/KtOTOc, n, ov (adj. superlative from 
fifjKoc). Longest, very long, high- 
est. 

fif/Koc, eoc, to. Length, height. 

MrjXcevc, iu>c, 6. A Melian. — ol 
M.n7a.ecc, Doric ol Md/icelc, the 
Melians or Medians, the most 
southern tribe of Thessaly, dwell- 
ing around the Maliac Gulf. 

fifjXlvoc, n, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
fjiTjT^ov) . Made of apples or quin- 
ces, yellow, like quinces. 

firfko^oToc, ov (adj. from fir)Xov, a 
sheep, and /36ovccj, to pasture). 
Serving as pasture for sheep. — 
Applied to land, uncultivated, only- 
used for pasturing sheep, desolate, 
waste. 

fir/Xov, ov, to. 1. An apple. — 2. A 
sheep. 

fir)v (conj.). Truly, in truth, indeed, 
certainly, hut yet. — ov firjv, nor 
yet, certainly not. — tI fifjv. See 
note, page 82, line 18-22. 

fifjv, firjvSc, 6. A month. 

[irjviyt;, tyyoq, f). The membrane of 
the brain. 

fiTjvvcj, fut. -vac), perf. fiejiijvvKa. 
To point out, to indicate, to show, 
to discover, to make known,. 

fj.f]TXOTe (adv. from fir), not, and ttote, 
ever). Not at any time, never. 

fiijizcdc (adv. and conj. from fir), lest, 
and True, in some way or other). 
Lest in some way, that not per- 
haps, lest perhaps. 

ftrjplov, ov, to, same as fir/poc, but 
used only in the plural, to, firjpta. 
The thighs. 

fnipoc, ov, 6. The thigh. 

firfGTop, upoc, 6 (from firjdofiai, to 
plan). An adviser, a counsellor. 

fir]T£ (conj. from fir), not, and re, and). 
And not. — fir)re fiijre, nei- 
ther nor. 

firjTrjp, firjTepoc contr. firjTpoc, r). A 
mother. 

fir/Tic, neut. fir)Tt (from fir), lest, and 
tic, any one). Lest any one. — 
fiTjTt, , neuter as an adverb, not at all. 

ui]TpoiraTO)p, opoc, 6 (from fivrijp, a 
mother, and Ttarnp, a father). A 
mother's father, a maternal grand- 
father. 

fir)Tp6-Kolie, euc, r) (from firjrnp, a 
530 



M1M 
mother, and izolic, a city). A 
mother-city, a capital. 

firjTpvtd, ac, r) (from firjrnp, a mother). 
A stepmother. 

F0X°S, eoc, to (see note, page 172, 
line 17). Remedy, expedient, de- 
vice. 

fiiapoc, a, ov (adj. from fttatvco, to 
stain). Stai?ied, contaminated, 
defied. — Detestable. 

filyvvfii, fut. fiilJG), perf. fiifitxa, 2d 
aor. pass, kfuyrjv. To mix, to 
mingle. 

M.L-&pl6dTrjc, ov, 6. Mithriddtes, a 
celebrated king of Pontus, ascended 
the throne when eleven years old. 
He waged a long and destructive 
war with the Romans, but was 
finally subdued by Pompey, and 
stabbed himself to prevent his fall- 
ing into the hands of his conquerors. 

fitKKv'Kog, a, ov (dim. from fiuacoc, 
which is Doric for fictcpoc). Very 
small. 

fwcpo-rrpeTrrjc, ec(adj. (from utnpoc, and 
TrpsTTO), to be becoming). Mean, 
sordid, parsimonious, stingy. 

fiiKpoc, a, ov (adj.). Small, short, 
little, minor. — Neut. as adv., fiiic- 
pov, a little. — fiitcpov deiv, nearly, 
almost. — Kara fitupov, by degrees, 
gradually. — irapd fiiKpbv, nearly. 

fiinpoxupoe, ov (adj. from fiiKpoc, and 
X&pa, a country). Having a small 
territory, of small extent, having 
little soil. 

MlTirjaXoc, a, ov (adj.). Milesian. — 
As a noun, 6 Mi^atog, a Milesian. 

MlTiTjaia, ac, r) (x&pa understood). 
The Milesian territory, the terri- 
tory of Miletus. 

WtkrjToc, ov, r). Miletus, the capital 
of Ionia in Asia Minor, the birth- 
place of the philosopher Thales. 

yitkriddrfc, ov, 6. Miltiddes, an 
Athenian commander, who defeat- 
ed the Persians in the battle of 
Marathon. 

Miluv, uvoc, 6. Milo, a celebrated 
athlete of Crotona in Italy. He 
was so strong as to be able to kill 
an ox with a blow of his fist. 

filfiiofiat, ovuai, fut. -r)csofiai, perf. 
fisfilur/uai (from fiifioc, animitator). 
To imitate, to mimic. 



MIT 

fic/xnua, aroc, to (from fil/xiofiac). 
An imitation, a copy. 

fiijuv^oKu, fut. jjLvtjo-u, perf. fie/j.v7jKa 
(from fivdo), obs.). To remind, to 
remember, to call to mind, to make 
mention of. — In the middle, fuu- 
vfjGKOiiat, same as /xvao/iai. 

fii/j,vo, poetic for fievu. 

fiiv (Doric viv), Ion. ace. sing, of 
pron. of 3d pers. for all three gen- 
ders ; also for avrbv, avryv, avro, 
always enclitic ; often in Homer 
for the reflexive iavrov, &c. 

Mlvcjc, uog Attic u, 6. Minos, 
a king of Crete, son of Jupiter and 
Europa ; for his justice and mod- 
eration made supreme and absolute 
judge in the infernal regions. 

Mlvuravpoc, ov, 6 (from Mivoc, and 
ravpoc, a bull). Minotaur, a cel- 
ebrated monster, half man and 
half bull ; the offspring of Pasiphae, 
wife of Minos. 

fuadv&puTroc, ov (adj. from uIgeco, 
and av&pwiroc, a man). Misan- 
thropic — As a noun, a misan- 
thrope, one who hates mankind. 

/ugecj, €>, fut. -tjgo, perf. ue/uianica 
(from plcoc, hatred). To hate, to 
dislike, to detest. 

/j.icr&6c, ov, 6. The reward of labour 
or service, hire, pay, wages, a re- 
ward. 

fj,io-&0(j)6poc, ov, 6 (from jilg$6c, hire, 
and (pepu, to bear off). A hired 
person, a mercenary, a hireling. 

fucd-oo, 6>, fut. -cjgg), perf. /xefiiad-oKa 
(from fiicr&oc). To let. — In the 
middle, to cause to be let to one's 
self, to hire. 

/jUg&cjtoc, ov, 6 (from /ilg&oo)). A 
hireling, a hired person, a labourer, 
a hired servant. 

filaodn/xoc, ov (adj. from jliIgeco, to 
hate, and d^uoc, the people). Ha- 
ting the people, hostile to the people, 
aristocratic. — As a noun, ol fiiao- 
drjuoi, the people haters, the aristo- 
crats. 

fiLVTvTiTic) (used only in the present 
and imperfect), poetic imperfect 
without augment, \iiaTvXkov. To 
cut into small pieces. 

fiirpa, ac, Ionic uirpn, nc, y. A belt 
or girdle (in Homer). — Generally, 



Mor 

a head-band. See note, page 80, 
line 20-24. 

Mltv/mvu, ac, Doric for 

Mnvlnvn, nc, rj. Mitylene, or, more 
correctly, Mytilene, the capital of 
Lesbos, situate in the southeastern 
quarter of the island. It is now 
Mitylen. 

fivu, ac, y (contr. from \ivda, dag). 
A mina, a sum not a coin, equal 
to one hundred drachma?, and in 
our currency seventeen dollars, 
fifty nine cents, three mills. 

fivdo/J.ai, u/j.ai, fut. fivrjaofiai, perf. 
ficfivrjfxaL, perf. inf. fi£fiv7JG-&at, 1st 
aor. EfivfjG&yv (as middle to fii/u.- 
vtjgku, from uvdeo not in use). To 
remember, to recollect, to be mind- 
ful. — The perf. [ie/j,v7j{iai often sig- 
nifies I remember, i. e., I have 
called to mind and continue to re- 
member. 

fjivriiia, drog, to (from jivdofiat). A 
memorial, a monument, a tomb- 
stone. 

fivrjjin, nc, i] (from fivdouai). Mem- 
ory, remembrance. 

fivnfxovevcj, fut. -evgo, perf. fiefivn- 
(Movevna (from fivqfiuv). To re- 
member, to have in mind. — To re- 
mind, to make mention of. 

MvyuoGvvy, nc, y. Mnemosyne, a 
daughter of Coelus and Terra, and 
mother of the nine Muses by Ju- 
piter. 

uvfifj-uv, ov (adj. from [ivdo/iaC). 
That remembers, mindful. 

Mvy/iuv, ovog, 6 (the above as proper 
name). Mnemon, a surname given 
to Artaxerxes, on account of his 
retentive memory. 

uvyGucdtcEo, (j, fut. -tjgu (from fxvdo- 
fiai, to remember, and nanov, an 
evil or injury). To remember in- 
juries, to be revengeful, to resent. 

fivrjGTEVu, fut. -evgo, and jxvyGTevo- 
fiat in the middle. To solicit in 
marriage, to woo. 

fivncTT/p, ypoc, 6 (from [ivdopai, to 
seek in marriage). A wooer, a 
suiter, a lover. 

fioyeu, d, fut. -tjgcj, perf. fiEfJLoyyKa 
(from fJ-oyog, labour). To bestow 
labour on. — fioyevuec, Doric 1st pi. 
pres. indie, for fioyovfiev. 

531 



MOT 

fibyic (adv. from fibyoc, labour). 
With difficulty, hardly, scarcely. 

fiolpa, ac, i] (from fieipo/iai, to obtain 
a share). A part, a portion, a lot, 
fate. — npb fioipac, before the ap- 
pointed time, prematurely. 

Moipa, ac, if (the above as proper 
name). Fate. — at Molpai, the 
Fates, three goddesses, daughters 
of Jupiter and Themis, or, as some 
say, of Night. 

Moiaai, Doric for Movaai. The 
Muses. 

fi67it66og, ov, 6. Lead. 

(jloIlc (adv. from fioloc, toil). With 
difficulty, hardly, scarcely. 

fioTiu, obs. in pres., from which 2d 
aor. ffioXov, inf. fio'kelv, and fut. 
fio'kovfiai, assigned to (3?i6gku, 
perf. /ieu6/\,G)na. To go, to come, 
to arrive. 

fioviuoc, ov (adj. from fiivu, to re- 
main). That remains, lasting, 
permanent, abiding, firm, immove- 
able. 

fiovoTddoc, ov (adj. from fiovoc, and 
Xf&oc, a stone). Made of a sin- 
gle stone, monolithal. 

fiovouax'ta, ac, rj (from fiovoc, and 
fi&xv, a combat). A single com- 
bat. 

fiovoc, n, ov (adj.). Alone, sole, soli- 
tary. — Neut. sing, as adv., only, 
alone, &c. 

(lovocavdukoe, ov (adj. from fiovoc, 
and advSuTiov, a sandal). Having 
but one sandal. 

(xovofyftalfioc, ov (adj. from fiovoc, 
and bty&aTifioc, an eye). Having 
but one eye, one-eyed. 

fiovoo), a, fut. -uau, perf. fie/iovuica 
(from fiovoc). To make solitary, 
to leave alone, to abandon. 

fiovuGic, sue, 7} (from fiovou). Aban- 
donment, desertion. — Loneliness. 

fiopfyr], ijc, r\. The form, figure, shape. 

fiooxoc, ov, 6 and if. In poetry, any 
young animal. — In prose, a calf. 

fiovvoc, n, ov, Ionic and poetic for 
fiovoq, n, ov. 

M.ovvvxia, ac, if. Munychia, one of 
the three ports of Athens. 

"Movvvxtoiv, uvoq, 6. Munyehion, 
the tenth month of the Attic year, 
containing 29 days, wherein the 
532 



MTK 
Munychia or festivals of Diana 
were celebrated. It commenced, 
according to our calendar, March 
28th. 

fiovaa, 7fc, iff. The muse, the god- 
dess who presides over music, &c. 

Movoa, yc, if (as a proper name). 
A Muse. — at Movaai, Doric Mol- 
cai, the Muses, nine goddesses, 
daughters of Jupiter and Mnemos- 
yne. 

fiovdiKrf, yc, if (properly fem. of 
fiovolnoc, musical, with rexvy un- 
derstood). Music. 

fiox'&so), ti, fut. -r/GU), perf. fie/ibx'&y- 
tea (from fiox'&oc). To labour, to 
toil. — To be in distress. 

fiox&ypia, ac, if (from fiox&vpoc) 
Distress. — Unworthiness, wicked 
ness, evil conduct. 

fiox'&ripoc, d, ov (adj. from fiox^eo) 
Miserable, wretched, bad, wicked 
— 6 fiox$ype, miserable creature. 

fiox&vpuc (adv. from fioxtiypbc) 
With difficulty, wretchedly, wick 
edly. 

fiox&oc, ov, 6. Toil, labour, fatigue, 
pains. 

juox^oc, ov, 6 (from bxoc, bxeu, to 
lift, whence bx^evo, and, with fi 
prefixed, /iox^evcj, &c). A lever, 
or engine for lifting, a bolt, a bar. 
— A stake. See note, p. 84, 1. 1-7. 

fivyfioc, ov, 6 (from fiv^co). A groan- 
ing, a muttering. 

fivdpoc, ov, 6. A mass of ignited 
iron or stone. 

fiveloc, ov, 6. Marrow. 

fiv^u, fut. ftvtjo, perf. fiefivxa. To 
sigh, to groan, to snort. 

fiv-&evo), fut. -evou, perf. fieuv-Sevna, 
and fivd-eu, £>, fut. -you, perf. 
fiefiv&yna (from fiv&oc). To say, 
to relate. — To invent or feign, to 
fable. — In the middle, fiv-Qeouat, 
same meaning. 

fiv&oloyiu, o, fut. -ijau, perf. fie/iv- 
ftoTibyrfKa (from fiv&oc, and leyu, 
to say). To relate, to recount. 

/iv-&oc, ov, 6. A word, a speech, a 
story, a fable, a tale, a narrative. 

fivla, ac, if. A fly. 

fivKaofiai, €)fiat, fut. -yco/iat, perf. 
UEfivKa, 2d aor. e/ivnov. To roar, 
to bellow, to low. 



MAN 

M.vK7}vai, dv, at. Mycena, an an- 
cient city of Argolis, in the Pelo- 
ponnesus, said to have been found- 
ed by Perseus. 

fivKTTjp, r)pog, 6. The nose. — The 
trunk (of an elephant). 

fivlog, ov, 6 (from p.vu, [ivXXu, to 
grind). A millstone. 

/avpidg, ddog, r) (from /avplog). The 
number of ten thousand. — A myri- 
ad. 

fcvplKn, fjg, r). The tamarisk. 

fivpivn, ng, i). The myrtle. 

fivpiog, a, ov (adj.). Manifold, num- 
berless, infinite. — In the plural, 
juvploi, ac, a, ten thousand. 

y.vpnr\^, 7}Kog, tj. An ant. 

Mvpficdoveg, ov, ol. The Myrmi- 
dons, a people on the southern 
borders of Thessaly, who accom- 
panied Achilles to the Trojan war. 
They were said to have been ori- 
ginally ants. 

/jrVpo/.i.at (deponent mid. in Homer, 
and only used in present and im- 
perfect). To mourn, to lament, to 
deplore. 

fivpov, ov, to. Perfume, perfumed 
ointment, odour. 

livp"plvr\, r\g, t). The myrtle. 

Mvpcruv, uvog, 6. Myrson. 

fivg, fivog, 6. A mouse. — Nom. plur. 
fiveg, fivg. 

TAvoia, ag, r). Mysia, a / province of 
Asia Minor, lying along the Pro- 
pontis and the iEgean Sea. 

Mvovce/l/loc, ov, 6. Myscellas, a na- 
tive of Achaia, who founded Cro- 
tona in Italy. 

fivcTdyuysu, <3, fut. -tjco (from \iva- 
Tr\g, one initiated in sacred mys- 
teries, and ay a, to lead). To ini- 
tiate into the sacred mysteries, to 
make acquainted with. 

/xvarlKog, q, ov (adj. from fivarng, 
one initiated in sacred mysteries). 
Mystical, sacred to the initiated, 
secret. 

fivxog, ov, 6 (from fxvco). A recess, 
a retired place, a corner. 

fivu, fut. fivau, 1st aor. ejivoa, perf. 
fiifivna. To close, to shut (espe- 
cially the eyes). 
fitiv (interrog. adv. from firj avv). 
Is it not then? is itl whether ? 
Yy2 



NAT 
Often expressed in translating 
merely by the tone of the voice. 
jxupog, a, ov (adj.). Foolish, silly. — 
As a noun, a fool. 

N. 

NaSaratoi, uv, ol. The Nabathce- 
ans, a people of Arabia Petraea, 
deriving their name from Nebai- 
oth, son of Ishmael. 

vai (adv.). Yes, truly, ay, indeed. 

vaterau, &), poetic for valu, used 
only in pres. and imperf. 

valid, fut. mid. vdaofiat, 1st aor. act. 
evaaa, poetic evaaaa, perf. pass. 
vevafiai, 1st aor. pass. evdo-d-Tjv, — 
As active, to dwell, to inhabit. — 
In passive sense, to be inhabited, 
to be situated. 

vdfia, drog, to (from vdu, to flow). 
A stream, a fountain, a rivulet, 
water. 

vafiariaZog, a, ov (adj. from vd t ua). 
Flowing, running. 

Ndfroi, uv, ol. The inhabitants of 
Nazos, the Naxians. 

Na|bc, ov, i}. Naxos, the largest of 
the Cyclades, lying to the east of 
Paros, in the iEgean Sea. 

vdog, ov, 6 (from vdo, root of vaiu, 
to dwell). A dwelling. — Common- 
ly, a temple. 

vdpd-rj^, r)Kog, 6. The ferula or 
giant fennel. See note, page 73, 
line 10-16. 

vapudu, Ci, fut. -7?<tcj, perf. vevapunna 
(from vdpjir)). To grow heavy, to 
grow torpid. 

vdpKTj, rig, r). Numbness or torpidity. 
— Also, a torpedo. See note, 
page 55, line 21-23. 

vapKudrjg, eg (adj. from vapun, , and 
eldog, appearance). Stiffened, be- 
numbed. — Numbing. 

'Na<ja l uu>veg, uv, ol. The Nasamones, 
a barbarous people of Africa, 
dwelling around the Syrtis Major, 
and subsisting by the plunder of 
vessels wrecked on their coast. 

vavdyeu, u, fut. -7Jau, perf. vevavd- 
yrjaa (from vavg, a ship, and 
ayvvfti, to break). To suffer ship- 
wreck, to be shipwrecked. 

vavapx^u, u, fut. -rjau, perf. vevavdp- 
XVKa (from vavg, a ship, and apxu, 
533 



NEI 
to rule). To command a ship, to 
have the command. 

vavSarrjc, ov, 6 (from vavg, a ship, 
and (3aivcj, to go). A seaman, a 
mariner. 

ISavulEidng, ov, 6. Naucltdes, a 
Spartan remarkable for his corpu- 
lence. 

vavnTiwpoe, ov, 6 (from vavc, a ship, 
and ulrjpog, a lot). A shipmaster, 
a master of a vessel. 

vavfiax^o), to, fut. -?]go) (from vavfidx- 
og). To fight a naval battle, to 
engage at sea. 

vavfiaxia, ag, i) (from vavfj.&xe'a)). 
A sea-fight, a naval battle. 

vav/xdxoc, ov (adj. from vavc, and 
[iaxo{xat, to fight). Fighting at 
sea. — Used in naval conflicts. 

vavnnyriaiiioc, ov (adj. from vavKn- 
y£o, to build ships). Useful in 
ship-building, suitable for ship- 
building. — vavKvyrjoljioq vTiy, ship 
timber. 

vavc, gen. viog, epic and Ionic vvoc 
and veoc, Doric nom. vac, gen. 
vdoc, i). A ship, a vessel. 

vavara'&jnov, ov, to (from vavc, and 
crati/noc, a station). A harbour 
or road for ships, a naval station. 

vavrng, ov, 6 (from vavg). A sea- 
man, a mariner. 

vavTcato, w, fut. -daxo, perf. vtvavri- 
ana, same as vavoida) (from vav- 
aia, sea-sickness). To be sea- 
sick, to be affected with nausea. 

vavriKOc, 7], ov (adj. from vavrnc). 
Nautical, naval, marine. — vavr- 
iical dwd/ueic, naval forces. 

JSia Kapxvduv, i). New Carthage. 
See Kapxnduv, 2. 

vtdCp, fut. vedaa, perf. vevidica 
(from vtoc, new). To make new. 
— Neuter, to become a youth, to 
be young. 

vedviac, ov, 6 (from veoc, young). 
A young man, a youth. 

vedvicKog, ov, 6, same as vedviac. 

vedpoc, a, ov (adj. from veoci new). 
New, fresh. — Youthful. 

veSpog, ov, 6. A young stag. 

TSetliog, ov, 6. The Nile, the prin- 
cipal river of Africa, flowing 
through Egypt and emptying into 
the Mediterranean. 
534 



NEO 

venpiKog, i), ov (adj. from vEtcpog). 
Pertaining to the dead, referring 
to the dead. 

VEKpo7vo(j,TTog, ov, 6 (from vsupog, and 
7T£fi7to), to send). A conductor of 
the dead to the lower world. 

venpog, ov, 6. A dead body, a corpse. 
— oi veiipoi, the dead. — As an ad- 
jective, dead. 

vtKxap, dpog, to. Nectar, the drink 
of the gods. 

VEKvg, vog, 6. A dead body. — As an 
adjective, dead, deceased. 

Nefiia, ag, r). Nemea, a city of Ar- 
gohs in the Peloponnesus, in the 
neighbourhood of which Hercules 
destroyed the famous Nemean lion. 

Ne/nEog, a, ov (adj.). Nemean, of 
Nemea. 

VEfjLu, fut. vE/iQ, 1st aor. EVEtfia, perf. 
VEve^ivKa. To distribute, to allot, 
to bestow, to assign, to pasture. — 
In the middle, to allot to one's 
self, to appropriate to one's self. 
— To feed or graze upon, to con- 
sume, to inhabit. 

VEoydfiog, ov, 6 and r) (adj. from vsog, 
new, and ydiiEO, to marry). Newly- 
married.— 'As a noun, 6, a bride- 
groom ; ?), a bride. 

veoyEvrjg, Eg (adj. from viog, new, 
and yevog, birth). Newly-born.-— 
Tender. 

'NeoK^fjg, iovg, 6. Neocles, the fa- 
ther of Themistocles. 

VEO/Ltai contr. v£v/nai, 3d sing. pres. 
ind. vsiTai, inf. vsla-d-at (poet. dep. 
mid. used only in the pres. and 
imperf.). To go or come, to de- 
part, to return. 

veorcTiovTog, ov (adjective from viog, 
and TtTiovTog, wealth). Recently 
enriched, having newly become 
wealthy. 

'NsoTCTo/iEfiog, ov, 6. Neoptolemus, 
son of Achilles, called also Pyr- 
rhus. 

viog, a, ov (adj.). New, young, re- 
cent, fresh. — As a noun, 6 viog, 
the youth. — As an adverb, viov, 
newly, recently, just now. 

VEOTTEia, ag, r) (from veottevu, to 
nestle). The act of nestling, in- 
cubation, brooding. 

veoTTog, ov, Att. for veoaaag, ov, 6 



NE£2 
(from viog). A newly-born ani- 
mal, the young of any animal, es- 
pecially of birds. 

vep&e (adv. for Zvep&e), before a 
vowel vip-&ev. Below, beneath. 

TSspov, ovog, 6. Nero, a Roman 
emperor, infamous for his vices 
and cruelty. 

Neorwp, opog, 6. Nestor, son of 
Neleus and Chloris, king of Pylos. 
Although he had outlived two gen- 
erations of men, and was now 
reigning among the third, he went 
with the Grecian chiefs to the 
Trojan war, where he distinguish- 
ed himself by his eloquence, wis- 
dom, and prudence. 

vevjia, drog, to (from vevu). A 
nod. 

vevpd, dg, Ionic vevpij, rjg, tj, same 
as 

vevpov, ov, to. A sinew, a nerve. 
— Usually, a bow-string, a string 
or cord (of a musical instrument). 

vevu, fut. vevau, perf. vevevna. To 
nod, to assent by a nod. — To tend 
to. — vevu irpog, to face towards, to 
be situated towards. 

vzyekn, ng, y (from vityog). A cloud. 
— A fine net (used by bird-catch- 
ers). 

l$E<pt"kn, vc, y. Nephele, the first 
wife of Athamas king of Thebes, 
and mother of Phryxus and Helle. 

V£<f>og, eoc, to. A cloud, a swarm. 

via, fut. vsvaojiat and VEVuov/xat, 
aor. EVEvaa (akin to vdeo, vr}x^>y 
and the Latin no). To swim. 

VEuvnToq, ov (adj. from viog, and 
b>vio\iai, to buy). Newly bought, 
recently purchased. 

VEUplov, ov, to (from veopoc, an in- 
spector of ships or dockyards). A 
dock for ships, a naval arsenal 
(with docks and storehouses, where 
ships are repaired, &c). 

veuc, 6, Attic for vdoc, ov, 6. A 
temple. 

veucowol, uv, 01 (from vavg, a ship, 
and oIkoc, a house). Naval arse- 
nals, dockyards. See note, page 
118, line 1-11. 

veogti (adv. from viog , new). Newly, 
lately, recently. 

vfj, an affirmative particle used in 



NIK 
adjuration and swearing, followed 
by the accusative of the object by 
which one swears ; as, vy Aia, by 
Jove, or by Jupiter ; vy fj.u tov 
Aia, yes, by Jupiter. — Also, as- 
suredly, in truth. 

vrjypETog, ov (adj. from vy, a priva- 
tive particle, and k-yeipu, to awa- 
ken). From which it is impossi- 
ble to be awakened, eternal. 

vyjiEpryg, Eg (adj. from vn, privative, 
and d/xapTdvo), to miss). With- 
out fail, unerring, faithful, true. 

vnTTidxEVu, fut. -Evacd (from vyrridx- 
og). To act like a child, to be- 
have in a childish manner. 

vynidxog, ov, poetic for vynlog . 

vynlog, ov (adj. from vn, privative, 
and ETrog, a word). In a state of 
infancy or childhood, young, ten- 
der, small, simple. 

NnpEvg, Eog, 6. Nereus, a sea god, 
son of Oceanus and Terra. He 
married Doris, by whom he had 
fifty daughters, called Nereides. 

Nypycg, Tdog, y (female patronymic 
from Nrjpsvg). A daughter of 
Nereus, a Nereid. 

vyai^ut, fut. -lacj (from vfjaog). To 
resemble an island, to be insulated. 

vyolov, ov-, to (dim. of vyaog). A 
small island, an islet. 

vyaturyg, ov, 6, and fem. vncnuTtg, 
Idog, y (from vfjoog). An inhab- 
itant of an island, an islander. — 
As an adjective, insular. 

vrjaog, ov, y (probably from viu, to 
swim). An island. 

vijaaa, ng, y (from via, to swim). A 
duck. 

vrjTT), ng, y (properly fem. of v/JTog, 
lowest, with x°P^V understood). 
The lowest string, the lower string. 
See note, page 48, line 14-19. 

vyvg, gen. vrjog, Ion. for vavg, rj. A 
ship. 

vfjtyu, fut. vfjipo, perf. vivyepa. To 
abstain from wine, to be sober. 

vfixu, fut. vy^u, more commonly in 
the middle, vyxofxai, fut. vy^ofiai 
(from viu, to swim). To sicim. 

vlndrup, opog, Doric for vltcyTop, 
opog, 6 (from viKau). A conquer- 
or. — As a proper name, Nicator, 
a surname of Seleucus. 

535 



NOM 

vIkclq, w, fut. -rjao), perf. vtvlKnua 
(from vlun). To conquer, to be 
victorious, to excel, to gain, to sur- 
pass. 

vikv, nc, rj. Victory. — As a proper 
name, rj NIkv, the goddess Vic- 
tony. 

'NiKTjparoc, ov, 6. Nicer atus, the 
father of Nicias. 

Ni/ctaf, ov, 6. Nicias, an Athenian 
general, famous for his valour and 
his misfortunes. 

~NucoK?ii)c, eovc, 6. Nicocles, a friend 
of Phocion, condemned to die 
along with him. 

NitcoKpeov, ovroc, 6. Nicocreon, a 
tyrant of Salamis, in the isle of 
Cyprus, who finally obtained the 
sway of the whole island, B.C. 
372. 

viv, Doric for utv. 

Nlvoc, ov, 6. Ninus, a son of Be- 
lus, founder of the Assyrian mon- 
archy, B.C. 2059. 

Nl66v, ng, h- Niobe, a daughter of 
Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, 
by whom she had seven sons and 
seven daughters, who were slain 
by Apollo and Diana. 

Ntcroc, ov, 6. Nisus, a king of Me- 
gara, who lost his life through the 
perfidy of his daughter Scylla. 

virpudr/c, eg (adj. from vlrpov, nitre, 
i. e., nitrate of potass, and eldog, 
appearance). Nitrous, saturated 
with nitre. 

vfycrog, ov, 6 (from vicjxj). A snow- 
storm, driving snow. 

vfyerodnc, eg (adj. from vityerog, and 
eldog, appearance). Snowy, sub- 
ject to snow- storms. 

vtyo, fut. vcipu, perf. v£vi(j>a (from 
the obsolete vii[>, snow). To snow, 
to moisten. — In the passive, to be 
snowed upon. 

voeu, u, fut. vofjcu, perf. vevowna 
{from vbog, thought). To think, 
to turn over in mind, to reflect, to 
see, to perceive, to observe, to con- 
sider, to purpose doing, to know, 
to come to one's senses. 

vofia&lKog, rj, ov (adj. from vofidg). 
Leading a wandering life, noma- 
dic. 

vofiadltctig (adv. from vofiadutog). 
536 



N02 

After the manner of wandering 
tribes. 

vofjiag, adog, 6 (from vo/jltj, pasture). 
One who pastures cattle, pasturing, 
wandering. — In the plural, ol No- 
pafieg, Nomddes, wandering tribes, 
pastoral communities. 

vojxevg, eog, 6 (from vofxog, pasture). 
A pasturer, a grazier, a shep- 
herd. 

vo/iEVG), fut. -eveu, perf. vEvdfievna 
(from vofxevg). To pasture. 

vofx,Tj, rjg, 7] (from ve/uo, to feed). 
Pasture. — vour] tov nvpog, the ac- 
tion of the fire ; literally, the feed- 
ing of the fire. 

vo/zl^o), fut. -laa, perf. vevoiuKa 
(from vofxog, established law). To 
establish by law or usage, to adopt, 
— To deem, to think, to believe. 

vo/ufiog, n, ov (adj. from vofiog, es- 
tablished law). Conformable to 
usage or law, legal, sanctioned by 
law, customary, lawful. — to, vopX- 
\ia, established usages, privileges, 
laws. 

vofufiug (adv. from v6[U[iog). Law- 
fully, legally, in accordance with 
stated custom. 

vofiiofia, arog, to (from vojii^cd). 
That which is established by law, 
a received custom. — 'Coin, a piece 
of money. 

vofiod-erng, ov, 6 (from vofiog, and 
rl-&n/u,i, to enact). A lawgiver, a 
legislator. 

vofxog, ov, 6 (from vsjio, to allot). 
Partition, allotment. — An estab- 
lished law, usage, or custom. 

vojitog, ov, 6 (with accent on the final 
syllable, from veficj, to pasture). 
Pasture ground, pasture, a dis- 
trict, a nome. — ol vo/ioi, nomes, 
the districts into which Egypt was 
divided. 

vdog contr. vovg, voov contr. vov, 6. 
Tliought, purpose, opinion, the 
mind, reason, understanding, the 
intellect. 

voaepog, d, ov, same as voanpog, a, ov 
(adj. from voceo). Sickly, dis- 
eased, unhealthy. 

voceu, <j, fut. voo-qcu, perf. vevooyna 
(from voaog). To be sick, to be 
afflicted. — voaelv napddo^ov [ia- 



SAN 
viav. See note, page 47, line 
32. 
vooog, ov, 7}. A disease, sickness, 
suffering. 

VOCTEO, €), fut. -7JG0), perf. VEVOOTTjKa 

(from voaroc, a return). To re- 
turn, to arrive. 

voo~(pL, before a vowel vbatyiv (adv.). 
Apart, removed from, away from. 

votloc, a, ov (adjective from votoc). 
Southern. 

votoc, ov, 6. The south, the south- 
wind. — As a proper name, 6 Norog, 
Notus, the south wind personified. 

Novfiug, a, 6. Numa {Pompilius), 
the second king of Rome. 

vv or vvv (an enclitic particle). Now, 
then, indeed, thereupon. 

vvKTcop (adv. from vvZ). By night. 

vvfj.<j>7j, ng, 7]. A bride. — A Nymph. 

vvfiiptog, ov, 6 (from vv/u,<pn). A 
bridegroom. 

vvv and vvvi (adv.). Now, at the 
present moment. — to, vvv, at pres- 
ent. — ol vvv uv&poTrot, the present 
race of men. — The men of the 
present day. 

vvtj, WKTog, r/. Night. — Gen. sing. 
as adv., WKTog, by night. 

v&rog, ov, 6. The back. — In the 
plural, ra vura. 

vo)TO(j>opeu, <b, fut. -rjcro (from vtirog, 
and (j>op£G) for (pspco, to bear). To 
carry on the back. 

va)TO<popia, ag, rj (from vuro^opeu). 
A carrying on the back, a back- 
load. 



i-aivo, fut. f-avC), perf. It-ayKO. (from 
obs. i-do, to scrape). To card or 
comb wool. 

tZav&'nzirn, r/g, r). Xanthippe, the 
wife of Socrates, remarkable for 
her ill humour and peevish dispo- 
sition. 

£dv&nnrog, ov, 6. Xanthippus, a 
distinguished Athenian command- 
er, the father of Pericles. 

Zav&og, 7], ov (adj.). Yellow, fair. 
— to gav&ov, the ruddy colour. 

Rav&og, ov, 6. Xanthus, a river of 
Troas in Asia Minor ; according 
to Homer, called Xanthus by the 
gods, and Scamander by men. 



HHP 

Zav&OTng, VTog, r) (from t-av&og). 
Yellowness, fairness, ruddiness. 

^ivr], r/g, r) (properly fern, of Zivog, 
strange, with yvvr) understood). 
A female stranger, a foreign wom- 
an. — With yrj understood, a 
strange land, a foreign country. 

ievta, ag, rj (from tjevog, a guest). 
The relation of guest, the tie of 
hospitality. 

zeviadng, ov, 6. Xeniades, a Corin- 
thian who bought Diogenes the 
Cynic, when sold as a slave. 

^eviTsvo), fut. -evau, perf. k^evirevKa 
(from l-evog). To be a stranger, 
to reside or travel in foreign 
lands. 

EevonpaTng, tog contr. ovg, 6. Xe- 
nocrates, a philosopher, born at 
Chalcedon, and educated in the 
school of Plato. He succeeded 
Speusippus in the Academy ; over 
which he presided for twenty-five 
years. 

t-evoKToveo, u, fut. -rjau (from fjevog, 
and kteIvu, to slay). To slay 
strangers, to offer strangers in 
sacrifice. 

ZevonTovog, ov, 6 and rj (from %evog, 
and Krelvo) to slay). He or she 
that slays strangers. 

l~£vog, Ionic t-eivog, ov, 6. A guest 
(with whom bonds of hospitality 
have been formed). — A foreigner, 
a stranger. — As an adj., foreign, 
strange, new, uncommon. 

Aevo<puv, CJvrog, 6. Xenophon, an 
Athenian, son of Gryllus, and pupil 
of Socrates, distinguished as an 
historian, philosopher, and com- 
mander. 

i-evvXklov, ov, to (dim. of £evog). 
Naughty stranger. 

Eeptjng, ov, 6. Xerxes, second son 
of Darius, succeeded his father on 
the throne of Persia in preference 
to his elder brother. He invaded 
Greece with an immense army, but 
after a series of defeats and losses, 
he was obliged to return to Persia 
with a small remnant of his vast 
forces. 

^vpaivo, fut. -pav&, perf. e^payna 
( from Znpog). To dry up , to parch, 
to dry. 

537 



OBE 
%ypbc, a, bv (adj.). Dry, parched, 

withered. 
£t<Pvp7]c, eg (adj. from frfoc, and upu, 

to Jit to). Armed with a sword, 

sword- bearing. 
Zfyoc, eoe, to. A sword. 
%bavov, ov, to (from t-eo, to scrape). 

A work performed by carving or 

polishing, a piece of sculpture, a 

statue, an image. 
£vynvt<ao), £), fut. -kvktioio, perf. %vy- 

KEKVKrjKa, Attic for cvynvnao, &c. 

(from avv, with, and nvuda), to mix 

up). To mix up together, to throw 

into confusion, to agitate to its 

centre. 
%v")dvoc, 7], ov (adj. from %v"X,ov). 

Made of wood, wooden. 
^vTiov, ov, to. Wood, a piece of 

wood, a log, a board. 
%Vfi6aivG), Attic for avfj.6ct.ivo (from 

avv, together, and (3aivo, to walk). 

To walk with, to come together. 

— Impers., ^v/j,6alv£L for avp.6aiv£i, 

it happens. 
%vv, Attic for avv. With, &c. 
j-vveifii, Attic for avveifii. To be 

with. — To come together, &c. 
l-vpau, Co, fut. -rjacj, perf. kt-vpnua, 

and Ionic %vpeu>, Co, &c. (from 

£vpbv, a razor). To shave. 
Sjvpbv, ov, to (from tjvpto, to shave). 

A razor. 
£ug), fut. t-vaco, perf. eZvua. To 

scrape, to scratch, to rasp, to polish, 

to plane, to carve and work in ivory, 

stone, &c. 



6, 7), to (the article). The. — In the 
earlier writers, as Homer, the 
article as such is not known, it 
being there a demonstrative pro- 
noun ; this, that, &c. See note, 
page 155, line 22-25. — The article 
acquires new significations in com- 
bination with various particles ; as, 

6 fiev 6 6s, the one 

the other, the former the 

latter, &c. 

bapiarr)c, ov, 6 (masculine to bap, a 
female companion). A compan- 
ion, an intimate friend, a comrade. 

b6e%bg, ov, 6 (from [3&oc, an arrow 
or dart). A spit. 
538 



OAT 

b6o\bc, ov, 6. An obolus, a small 
Athenian coin of bronze, worth 
between two and three cents. 

b(jpXfj.oepy6c, bv (adj. from b6pl[iog, 
mighty, and epyov, a deed). Per- 
forming mighty deeds, terrible in 
arms, overbearing, audacious. 

byboijKovTa (num. adj. indecl. from 
oydooc). Eighty. 

oydooc, 7], ov (num. adj. from oktio, 
eight). The eighth. — Neuter as 
an adverb, bydoov, eighthly. 

bye, yye, Toys (pron. from 6, rj, to, 
and ye). This, this same. 

bynao/Ltai, Co/xai, fut. -rjaoixai, perf. 
uyKTjjxaL. Properly, to bray (like 
an ass). — To bellow, to roar. 

by hoc, ov, 6 (from obs. eynio, root of 
kveyKelv, 2d aor. inf. of (pspto, to 
bear). Prominence, bulk, magni- 
tude. — Hence, pride, pomp, self- 
conceit, arrogance. 

ods, t)6e, rods (pron. from 6, t), to, 
and di). This. 

bdsvco, fut. -Evau, perf. CodEvica (from 
bdbc). To go forth, to travel, to 
journey. — ooevslv TETpaTrodiaH, to 
go on all fours. 

bdvyico, Co, fut. -57<76), perf. CodriynKa 
(from bdbc, and riyeofiaL, to lead). 
To point out the way, to direct or 
guide. 

bdiTnc, ov, 6 (from bdbc). A travel- 
ler. 

bdonropsco, Co, fut. -rjato (from bdbc, 
and Trbpoc, a passage). To go on 
a journey, to travel, to wander. 

bdoinopla, ac, t) (from bdoiwopEio). 
A journey, a route. 

bdbg, ov, t). A road, a way, a jour- 
ney. — A means. — ev bdCo, on a 
journey. 

bbovc, ovtoc, 6. A tooth. 

bdvvn, ?7f, t). Pain, grief. 

bdvvnpoc, a, bv (adj. from bdvvn). 
Painful, sad. 

bbvpofiat, besides pres. and imperf., 
used only in the aor. part, bdvpa- 
uevoc. To be distressed, to la- 
ment, to grieve. — As active, to be- 
wail, to deplore. 

'Odvaasvc, sue, b. Ulysses, son of 
Laertes or (according to some) of 
Sisyphus, king of Ithaca and Du- 
lichium, and the most crafty and 



OIK 

eloquent of the Grecian princes in 
the Trojan war. 

'OfoAat, cov, oi(AoKpoi). The Locri 
OzoIcb or Ozolian Locrians, a 
people of Greece, occupying a 
small tract of country on the 
northern shore of the Corinthian 
Gulf, between yEtolia and Pho- 
cis. 

6£,oc, ov, b. A shoot, a branch. — A 
descendant, offspring. 

dd-ev (adv. from be). Whence. — 
Why, wherefore. 

b-&L (adv., poetic for ov). Where. 

Olaypoc, ov, b. GEagrus, a king of 
Thrace, father of Orpheus by Cal- 
liope. 

olai-, clkoc, 6. Properly, the handle 
of a rudder. — Also, a rudder, the 
helm. 

olda, 2d sing, oldac, Attic olad-a, 
3d sing, olde, &c, perf. mid. of 
eISco, used as present. I know. 
See under sidco, to know. 

OldlTtovc, Trodoc, 6. (Edipus, 1. A 
son of La'ius king of Thebes, and 
Jocasta. The servant, who had 
been ordered to expose him on the 
mountains, bored his feet, and in- 
serted a thong or strap (whence 
his name, from oldico, to swell, 
and irovc, a foot). His misfor- 
tunes and death form the subject 
of two of the most finished plays 
of Sophocles. 

olneia, ac, rj (properly fem. of oIkeIoc, 
with yfi understood). One's na- 
tive land, home. 

oineloc, a, ov (adj. from oIkoc, a 
house). Domestic, private, proper, 
suitable, in unison with, ov:n, pe- 
culiar. — In the plural, as a noun, 
oi oIkeloi, those of one's own fam- 
ily, relations, countrymen. — Do- 
mestics. 

oIkettjc, ov, 6 (from olkeco). A mem- 
ber of a family. — More commonly, 
a domestic, a slave. 

oIkeco, £>, fut. -rjaco, perf. coktjko (from 
oikoc). To inhabit, to live, to dwell 
in. — In the middle, to be of a cer- 
tain quality, to be situated. — ol 
olkovvtec, the inhabitants. 

olnricluoc, ov (adj. from olkeco). Hab- 
itable. 



OIM 

olnnaig, ecoc, rj (from oIkeco). An in' 
habiting. — Also, a habitation, a 
dwelling. 

OLKTjrup, opoc, 6 (from olkeco). An 
inhabitant. 

oUia, ac, 7) ((from olkoc). An abode, 
a house. 

olklSlov, ov, to (dim. of oIkoc). A 
little house, a mean abode, a hut, 
a cabin. 

oIkI^co, fut. -lctco, perf. w/a/ca (from 
oIkoc). To build a house, to ren- 
der habitable, to people, to found. 
— In the middle, to dwell. 

oIkoSoueco, Co, fut. -Tjoto, perf. coko66- 
finna (from oIkoc, and Siuco, to 
construct). To build a house, to 
build or construct. 

oIko&ev (adv. from olnoq with ending 
■&EV, denoting motion from). From 
home. 

olkol (adv., properly an old dative of 
oIkoc for o'ckco). At home. 

oiKovds (adv., equivalent to e'lc o'Ikov). 
Towards home, homeward. 

oiKOvouia, ac, 77 (from o'lkovoueco, to 
direct the affairs of a household). 
The management of household af- 
fairs, housewifery, economy, man- 
agement. 

o'lkovojjloc, ov, 6 (from olnoc, and 
vEfj.co, to ma.nage). One who regit' 
lates household affairs, a steward. 

olkoc, ov, 6. A house, a family, a 
household. — nar' oIkov, at home. 

oUovuEvn, nc, v (properly fem. of 
pres. part. pass, of oIkeco, with yfj 
understood). The habitable world. 

OLKOvpico, Co, fut. -Tjoco, perf. conovpnaa 
(from oikoc, and ovpoc, a watcher). 
To watch a house, to watch over 
affairs at home. 

OlKTEipCO, fut. -TEpib and -TSLpJjCCO, 

perf. coKTTjpKa and coKTsipvKa (from 
otKTog). To pity, to commiserate. 

oiKTipuoc, ov, 6 (from olKreipto). 
Pity, compassion. 

oIktoc, ov, 6 (from oi, alas). Lam- 
entation. — Commonly, pity, mer- 
cy, compassion. 

o'lKrpoc, a, ov (adj. from oUrog). 
Piteous, lamentable, worthy of 
commiseration, pitiable. 

olfiai, contracted from oio/zat. To 
think, &c. 

539 



OKT 

olun, rjc, v (from olu, obsolete, from 
which olau, fut. to <f>epu, to bear). 
A way, a path, a journey. — Melo- 
dy, a song, a voice. 

olpuyrj, r)c, i] (from olfiufa). Wail- 
ing, lamentation. 

olfiufa, fut. -ui-u), perf. uuuxa (from 
olfioi, alas, wo is me). To wail, 
to lament, to deplore. 

oivoTToaa, ac, r) (from olvoc, and 
7rouu, to make). The making of 
wine. 

olvoc, ov, b. Wine. 

olvd(pXv^, gen. vyoc (adj. from olvoc, 
and <j>Xvo>, to overflow). Intoxi- 
cated with wine, addicted to wine, 
drunken. 

olvoxoog, ov, 6 (from olvoc, and 
X£o>, to pour out). A cup-bearer. 

olofiai and otfiat, fut. olrjaofiaL, perf. 
unuai. To think, to suppose, to 
conjecture, to believe. 

olov (neuter of oloc, as an adverb). 
Just as, as, as if. 

oIottoXoc, ov, 6 and t) (from oloc, and 
obs. ttsIo), to be). One who leads 
a solitary life, solitary, lonely. 

oloc, oln, olov (adj.). Alone. 

oloc, o'ia, olov (adj.). Such, such 
as, as, like, just as, of such kind, 
manner, or nature. — With an in- 
finitive, capable of doing, &c. — 
oloc elfii, and oibc t' elfii, I am 
able. — olov re can, it is possible, 
&c. 

die, oloc, r}. A sheep. 

olcd-a. See olda. 

biarevua, utoc, to (from biarevu, to 
shoot arrows). An arrow dis- 
charged from the bow, a discharge 
of arrows. 

bloroc, ov, 6. An arrow, a dart. 

Oirj/, *7f> V- (Eta, a lofty chain of 
mountains in Thessaly, now called 
Kalavothra. Upon its summit 
Hercules burned himself. 

olxofiai, fut. oixyGOfiai, perf. &%tipiai. 
To go away, to depart. — fixero 
arctuv, he departed quickly or ab- 
ruptly. 

okvoc, ov, 6. Sluggishness, sloth, 
inactivity, timidity, dulness. 

oKTafinvcaloc, a, ov (adj. from otcro), 
and fifjv, a month). Of eight 
months, eight months old. 
540 



OAO 

oktu (num. adj. indecl.). Eight. 

OKTUKaidena (num. adj. from oktu, 
aai, and dena, ten). Eighteen. 

oXSloc, a, ov (adj. from 62,6oc). 
Happy, prosperous, fortunate. — 
Wealthy. 

oMoc, ov, 6. Good fortune, wealth. 
— Prosperity. 

b"k£-&pXoc, ov (adj. from bXe&poc). 
Destructive, fatal, deadly. 

bXedpoc, ov, 6 (from bTJivpi, to de- 
stroy). Ruin, destruction, perdi- 
tion. 

bTayapx'ia, ac, r) (from bXcydpxvc, an 
oligarch, which is from bTZyoc, 
and apxu, to rule). A government 
in the hands of a few persons, 
an oligarchy. 

b7uyapxtK.be, r), ov (adj. from bliyap- 
Xia). Pertaining or friendly to 
an oligarchy, oligarchical. 

bTdyoc, n, ov (adj.)- Few, little, 
small, slender. — fier' bTilyov, short- 
ly. — Kar* bMyov, gradually, by 
degrees. 

bTCiyupia, ac, r) (from bTiiyoc, and 
&pa, care). Carelessness, indif- 
ference, neglect, contempt. 

b?uo"&aivG) and bTiic&avu, fut. b\ia- 
■&ijao), perf. liKia^nKa, 2d aor. 
&7ucr&ov. To slip, to slide, to fall, 
to decay, to decline. 

bXiod-npoc, a, bv (adj. from oMaftal- 
vu). Slippery, smooth. 

bTinac, ddoc, r) (from bXuri). A ship 
of burden, a merchant vessel. 

blur), tJc, r) (from eTlko), to draw). 
The act of drawing. — Weight. 
See note, page 146, line 20-24. 

oXkvui, fut. bXeacj and Attic 6Ad>, 
perf. uXena, with Attic redupl. 
blolena, 2d perf. or perf. mid. 
w/ia, with Attic redupl. bhoXa, 2d 
aor. mid. uXofinv. To destroy, to 
ruin. — In the passive, to perish, to 
be destroyed. 

b%jioc, ov, b. A mortar. — A trough. 

bTioTiv^a, fut. -vtjco, perf. uiKbXvxo.. 
To utter loud cries, to lament 
with loud wailings, to scream 
aloud. 

blobc, r), ov (adj. from bllvfii). De- 
structive, ruinous, wretched, sad, 
wicked. 

bloc, n, ov (adj.). The whole, all, 



OMH 

entire. — to 6' b2,ov, in a word 
then. 

6? i .oGidnpog y ov (adj. from bXog, and 
aidnpog, iron). Wholly of iron, 
entirely iron. 

oAocrjepwf (adv. from 6Xoux £ PVQi en- 
tire). Entirely, wholly. 

bXodvpo/iai, epic 1st aor. b2,o<pvpa,- 
fj.T}v (dep. mid.). To lament, to 
deplore, to weep over. 

6}i6xpvooc, ov (adj. from b2,cg, and 
XpvGoe, gold). Wliolly of gold, 
all-golden. 

'02.vy.-xia, ag, ij. Olympia, a name 
given to the sacred grove, and the 
collection of temples, altars, and 
other structures on the hanks of 
the Alpheus in Elis, near the spot 
where the Olympic games were 
celebrated. 

, 02.vyizla, uv, to, (neut. of , 02.vy- 
7noc, with ayuvLGfJ-ara under- 
stood). The Olympic games. 

'OlvymaKog, y, ov (adj.). Olympic. 

'OXvynldg, adoc, r). A contest in the 
Olympic games, a victory at the 
Olympic games. — Also, an Olym- 
piad, a space of four years. 

'OXvynldg, u6og, rj. Olympias, the 
wife of Philip king of Macedonia, 
and the mother of Alexander the 
Great. 

blvyiriovlnyg, ov, 6 (from '02.vjj.ina, 
and vlnau, to conquer). A victor 
in the Olympic games. 

'02,vfjTTior, a, ov (adj.). Olympian. 

*02,vy~og, ov, 6. Olympus, a cele- 
brated mountain on the coast of 
Thessaly, the fabled seat of the 
Grecian gods. 

"02.W&JC, ov, rj. Olynthus, a power- 
ful city of Macedonia, in the dis- 
trict of Chalcidice. 

62.uc (adv. from b2oc). Wholly, en- 
tirely, altogether, in general. 

6yxi2.6g, rj, ov (adj. from byog, united). 
Even, level, smooth, like. 

6(ja?Mg (adv. from 6ya2^6g). Uni- 
formly, evenly, equally, alike. 

'Oiifiplitf], t/c, y. Umbria, a district 
of Italy, to the east of Etruria and 
north of the Sabine territory. 

Ofjfjpog, ov, 6. Rain, a shower. 

"Oyypog, ov, 6. Homer. Consult 
remarks at page xii. 
Z z 



OMO 

oylAeu, w, fut. -yao, perf. uyO^yna 
(from byl2og). To associate with, 
to be conversant with, to hold inter- 
course with, to be among. 

dfilXr/TTJc, ov, 6 (from oyl/iEu). A 
compoMion, an associate, a friend. 

6fjl?da, ag, y (from dfj.Z2.oc). Inter- 
course, social converse. — An as- 
sembly. 

6/j,Z2.oc, ov, 6 (from oyov, together, 
and 12.71, a throng). A gathering, 
a crowd, a throng. 

6{iix2.n, ng, Ion. for 6yix2,y, ne, ?). 
Mist, vapour. 

oyya, drog, to (from oitToyac, to see). 
The eye. 

oyvvyt and byvvu, fut. oyoau, perf. 
uyona, with Attic reduplication 
byuyoKa, fut. mid. byovyai. To 
swear. 

6yoe-&vrjg, eg (adj. from oyog, and 
etivog, nation). Of the same na- 
tion. — A fellow-countryman. 

byocog, a, ov, and poetic oyoiiog, a, 
ov (adj. from oyog). Like, resem- 
bling, the same, equal. — Neuter 
as an adverb, byoia and by.oi.ov, 
similarly, in like manner. 

oyoioryg, yrog, r) (from byocog). Re- 
semblance, similarity. 

bjiotoo), £), fut. -6)oo), perf. toyoiotca 
(from bjuoiog). To assimilate, to 
render similar. 

oyoiug (adv. from bfioiog). In like 
manner. 

6yo2.oyea), u, fut. -yco, perf. d>yo26y- 
yua (from oyov, together, and 2,c- 
ya, to say). To agree in opinion, 
to consent, to acknowledge, to con- 
fess, to grant. — 6yo2oyovyevog, y, 
ov, confessed, avowed. 

byo\oyia, ag, r} (from 6uo2t,oyeG)). 
Consent, agreement. — An engage- 
ment. 

6/jovoeo, a, fut. -fjoio, perf. uyovoy- 
Ka (from oyog, and vbog, mind). 
To be of the same mind, to agree 
in opinion with, to be concordant. 

6/jopEu, C), fut. -yao), perf. wyopyna 
(from cyopog). To border upon, 
to be adjacent to. 

byopog, ov (adj. from 6/jSg, and bpog, 
a boundary). Bordering upon, 
neighbouring. — As a noun, a 
neighbour. 

541 



ONO 

bjxbg, y, ov (adj.). United. — Like, 
equal, resembling. 

6/xboe (adv. from bpog). Together 
with, at the same place, together. 

o/iorex^oc, ov (adj. from bftbg, and 
rexvn, trade). Of the same trade, 
of the same calling. 

b/xov (adv. from 6p.bg). Together, 
in the same place, at the same 
time, at once. — 6p.ov ri, almost, 
nearly. 

'0[Mpa"kr], yg, y. Omphale, a queen 
of Lydia, who bought Hercules 
when that hero was sold as a 
slave. He was so passionately- 
fond of her that he frequently spun 
among her female slaves, while 
she wore the lion's skin and car- 
ried his club. 

bpfydTibg, ov, 6. The navel. 

bfitya!;, gen. a/coc (adj.). Unripe. 

bfitie (adv. from bp.bg). Together, 
equally, in like manner. 

bvap, to (indeclinable). A dream. 

bvetap, drog, to (from bvyp.t, to 
profit). Something profitable, ad- 
vantage, utility, aid. — In the plu- 
ral, agreeable things, viands. 

bveibetog, ov, and oc, a, ov (adj. from 
bvetbog). Reproachful, shameful, 
opprobrious. 

bvetbt^co, fut. -Xau, perf. oveibtita 
(from bvetdoc). To find fault 
with, to reproach, to upbraid. 

bvetbog, eoc, to (from bvopai, to 
abuse). Blame, reproach, igno- 
miny, disgrace. 

bveipoTxoTiio, u, fut. -you, perf. uvet- 
ponoXnua (from bvetpog, and 7ro- 
Mo, to turn over). To be versed 
in the interpretation of dreams, to 
dream, to imagine. 

bvetpog, ov, 6. A dream. 

bv&og, ov, 6. Dung. 

bvlvnpt and bvypt, fut. bvrjcu, perf. 
uvyna. To aid, to profit, to de- 
light. 

bvop.a, &toc, to. A name. 

bvojid^u, fut. -uaco, perf. cjvouaKa 
(from bvopa), and Mo\. and Dor. 
bvofiaLvu, fut. -fidvC), perf. uvop.- 
ayna. To name, to style, to call. 
— To celebrate. — bvop.aC,6p.evog, y, 
ov, so called, named. 

bvofiaoToc, y, ov (from bvopdfa). 
542 



OIIA 
Famous, having a distinguished 
name, renowned. 

bvoc, ov, b. The ass. 

bvTug (adv. from ovtoc, gen. of uv, 
pres. part, of dpi, to be). Truly, 
really, in truth. 

bvv^, vxoc, 6 (from vvaau, to pierce). 
A nail, a claw, a talon. 

btjeuc (adv. from b^vg). Sharply. — 
Quickly, rapidly, actively. 

b%og, eoc, to (from b^vg). Vinegar., 
sour wine. 

btjvdeprtr/g, eg (adj. from b^vg, and 
dip/co/uai, to see). Sharp-sighted. 

bgv'&vp.og, ov (adj. from bijvg, and 
■&v/uog, spirit). Quick-tempered, 
irascible, passionate. 

bl-vg, eta, v (adj.). Sharp, keen, 
pointed, piercing, poignant. — Rap- 
id, fleet. — e'tg b%v, to a point. 

b^vTyg, rjTog, y (from btjvg). Sharp- 
ness, pointedness, acuteness. 

b^ixolog, ov (adj. from b%vg, and 
XoTir], anger). Choleric, passion- 
ate. 

birdi^o), fut. birdao), perf. oTra/ca 
(from enopai, to follow). To fol- 
low, to adjoin, to add to, to confer 
upon, to communicate. 

bixy (adv.). Where. — How, as, in 
such manner as, in whatsoever 
manner. 

biry, yg, y. A hole, an opening. 

brcWe or bm'&ev (adv.), poetic for 

birt<j-&e, and before a vowel bKtG&ev 
(adv.). From behind, behind, back- 
ward. 

brricr&tog, a, ov (adj. from 07U(r&e). 
That is behind, the hinder. — nob eg 
bivia-&iot, the hind feet. 

bniaGco (adv.), poetic for 

bruoti (adv.). Backward, behind, 
back, again, for the future. — e'tg 
to. bntao), backward. 

ottH^cj, fut. -tau, perf. CmTaKa (from 
otvXov). To furnish with arms, 
to arm, to equip. 

O7r?iiou6g, ov, b (from birlt^o)). Ar- 
mour, equipment. 

bitXiTyg, ov, b (from ott/Xov). A 
heavy-armed soldier. 

OK?iop.dx£0), £), fut. -yao (from ott- 
Aov, and fj.dxop.at, to fight). To 
contend in arms, to practise the 
use of arms. 



OPE 

6tt1ov, ov, to. A weapon. — In the 
plural, to. OTtXa, arms. 

oirTiOTroua, ag, 77 (from ottAov, and 
ttoleu, to make). The manufac- 
ture of arms. 

onolog, a, ov (adj. correlative to 
Tolog). Such, of what kind or 
nature. 

oirococ, n, ov (adj. correlative to 
Toaog). As much, as great. — 
How great, how much, what. 

OTTorav and oirore (adv. from ttots). 
When, since, as often as, because, 
whenever. 

OTTOTepuc (adv. from oirorepoc, which 
of the two). In which way of the 
two. 

onrov (adv. from 7rov). Wherever, 
where, since. 

omroTE (adv.), poetic for ottots. 

bitTau, £), fut. -ijou, perf. ZmTTjua. 
To roast, to bake, to boil, to cook. 

oiTTOfiac, fut. bijjopat, perf. pass. 
uppai, 1st aor. pass, uf-&7]v (mid- 
dle voice, from otcto, obsolete, 
theme to some of the tenses as- 
signed to opau). To see, to be- 
hold. 

07rupa, ag, ij. Autumn, the begin- 
ning of autumn, harvest. 

oirog (conj.). In order that, that, 
how, when, as that, as. 

bpuoic, eug, v (from opau). Vision, 
sight, the eye. 

opau, u, fut. (from the obsolete ott- 
tu) oipo/xac, perf. kupana, 2d aor. 
(from eldu) eldov. To see, to be- 
hold, to perceive. 

bpyavov, ov, to. An instrument, an 
engine, a machine. — An organ. 

bpyrj, VQ, 77. Anger, rage, passion, 
deep-seated hatred. 

bpyiC,u, fut. -Zau, perf. upytna (from 
bpyij). To render angry, to ex- 
asperate. — In the middle, to become 
angry, to be angry. 

bpeyu and bpkyvvpi, fut. bpegu, perf. 
upex a - To stretch forth, to extend. 
— In the middle (with the geni- 
tive), to stretch forth the hands in 
order to receive, to strain after, to 
desire, i. e., with outstretched 
hands. — ttoti OTopa x&P' bpfyea- 
■&ai. See note, page 165, line 34. 

bpeivog, 77, 6v (adj. from opoc, a moun- 



OPO 

tain). Mountainous, on moun- 
tains. 

opeioc, ov (adj. from opoc, a moun- 
tain). Dwelling on mountains, 
mountainous. 

bpeoTluc, ddog, 77 (from the same). 
Dwelling on mountains, a moun- 
tain-nymph. 

'Op&ia, ac, 77. Orthia, a surname of 
Diana at Sparta, at whose altar 
boys were scourged to test, ac- 
cording to the common opinion, 
their endurance of pain. 

optiioc, a, ov (adj. from bp&oc). 
Erect, steep, straight, upright. 

bp-d-oc, 77, ov (adjective). Erect, up- 
right, straight, steep. — Encour- 
aged, steadfast. 

bp&ug (adv. from bptioc). Rightly, 
fitly, suitably, correctly. 

6piC,u, fut. oplau, perf. uplna (from 
opoc). To limit, to bound, to de- 
fine, to appoint. — In the middle, 
to establish, to enact, to define. 

bplvu, fut. bplvu, perf. upiyna (from 
bpu, to excite). To excite, to rouse. 

bpttog, ov, 6. An oath. 

6ppd-&6g, ov, 6 (from bppog, a neck- 
lace). A row, a series, a collection 
of things hanging together. 

6pp.au, u, fut. -77CT&;, perf. upprjKa 
(from bppr,, the first movement or 
impulse). To excite, to urge, to 
move forward, to rush onward, to 
hasten, to hurry forth, to advance, 
to flow from. — In the middle, to 
arise (said of rivers). 

6pp.ee), u, fut. -77(76), perf. upprjKa 
(from bppiog, a harbour). To be 
in harbour, to lie at anchor, to lie 
still or in security. 

opveov, ov, to, same as bpvic. 

opvLC, Zdog, 6 and rj (from bpvvp,i, to 
excite). A bird, a hen. — A winged 
creature, applied to the cicada. 

bpvvpc. See bpu. 

bpoSiTvc, ov, 6, and bpoSlTtc, Idoc, 1) 
(from bpoBoc). Like peas, pea- 
like, reduced to the size of a pea. 

bpofjoc, ov, 6. A pea. 

bpodapvog, ov, 6. A branch. 

opoc, eoc, to. A mountain. 

opoc, ov, 6. A limit, a boundary, a 
landmark. 

opocbog, ov, 6 (from epecbu, to cover). 
543 



020 

A reed, used for thatching houses. 
— A roof. 

bppubiu, £>, fut. -drjGU, perf. uppubnaa 
(from bpfaog, the rump, and Seog, 
fear, a metaphor from animals 
which show their fears by the 
movement of the tail). To be ter- 
rified, to dread, to shudder at. 

bprvf;, vyog, b. A quail. 

bpv^a, yg, y. Rice. 

bpvaau), Attic bpvrTu, fut. -t>£b, 
perf. upvxa, Attic bp6pvx a , 2d 
aor. upvyov. To dig, to dig up, 
to excavate. 

bptyavlnbg, y, ov. Without parents. 
— Deprived of, bereft of. 

'Opfevg, ewe, 6. Orpheus, son of 
the Muse Calliope, and GEagrus, 
or, according to some, Apollo ; fa- 
mous for his skill in playing on 
the lyre. 

bpxeofiai,, ovfiai, fut. -rjGOpiai, perf. 
tipxy^at. (from bpto). To bound, 
to spring, to dance. 

bpxvoi-e, £"c, y (from opxeop-ai). A 

: dance. 

bpxr/GTlKoc, y, bv (adj. from the 
same). Pertaining or belonging 
to the dance, dancing. 

bpu, obs., for which bpvvut, fut. bpao, 
perf. dpua, perf. mid. <Z>pa, with 
Attic redupl. bpojpa. To excite, 
to raise, to awaken, to move. — o^p' 
av yovvar' 1 bpcopy. See note, page 
160, line 13. 

'bg, y, bv, Homeric for ebg, krj, kbv 
(pronom. adj.). His, her, its. 

bg, V, b (rel. prom). Who, which, 
that. 

'Ogkol, cjv, ol. The Osci, one of the 
most ancient tribes of Italy. They 
inhabited at first the central regions 
of the peninsula, but afterward 
spread east and west. 

bojxrj, 7jg, 7} (from o^u, to emit a smell). 
A smell, a perfume, odour. 

bcog, bar), bcov (pron.). As much, 
how great, as great as, as much 
as, as many as. Often opposed to 
roaog and roGovrog. — In the plural, 
bGoi, OGai, oca, as many as, how 
many, those who. — eft bcov, as 
great as. — ocrw, with the compara- 
tive, by as much, or simply, the ; 
as, ocro) Tvleiova, the more. — baov 
544 



OTA 

togovtov, as great as 

so great. — With a numeral, about. 

— In neut., as adv., bcov, like. 
OGTzep, rjreep, birep (pron. from bg, 

and nep). Whoever, whichsoever, 

whatsoever. 
OGitplov, ov, to (prob. from Gneipu, 

to sow). Pulse. 
"Oggo, yg, rj. Ossa, a celebrated 

mountain range of Thessaly, near 

Olympus, with which it is supposed 

it was once united. 
oGGog, y, ov, poetic for oGog, y, ov. 
OGGog, ov, 6, and OGGog, eog, to. The 

eye. 
ogte, 7]T£, ore (pron. from bg, and 

re). Who, which, that, what. 
ogteov contr. ogtovv, ogteov contr. 

ogtov, to. A bone. 
OGTig, yng, on (pron. from bg, and 

rig). Whoever, whosoever, what- 
ever. 
OGrpaKC^G), fut. -iGG>, perf. worpu/o/ca 

(from OGTpuKov). To vote with 

shells, to banish by ostracism. 

See note, page 121, line 36. 
OGTpuKov, ov, to. Baked clay, a tile, 

commonly, a shell used in voting 

at Athens, ostracism. 
oGrpuKOfyopia, ag, y (from OGrpanov, 

and (j>epco, to bring). Sentence of 

ostracism, an ostracising, banish- 
ment by ostracism, 
brav (conj. from ore and av). When, 

whenever, 
ore (conj.). When, at times, since ; 

as, EG-&' ore, sometimes, 
on, poetic ottl (conj. prop. neut. of 

oGTtg). That, as, because. 
otov, Attic for ovrlvog gen. of OGTig. 

OTO) for UTLVL. 

brpypog, a, bv (adj. from brpwu, to 
urge). Active, quick, busy. 

ov, ovk, ov"x (neg. adv.). Not. — Ou 
is used before a consonant, ovk 
before a smooth vowel, ovx before 
an aspirated vowel. — ov \ir)v uk"kd. 
See note, page 146, line 33-37. 

ov (adv., prop. gen. of bg). Where. 

ov (reflexive pron.), nom. wanting, 
dat. ol, ace. e. Of himself, of 
herself, of itself . 

ovag, arog, to, Ionic for ovg. The 
car, 

ovbiifiov (adv. from ovds, and ap.6g, 



orn 

any one). Nowhere. — ovddfiov 
yfjg, nowhere on earth. 

ovdag, to (nom. and ace, the other 
cases from a form ovdog not used 
in nom.)- A floor, the ground, a 
hall. — Gen. ovdeog , dat. ovdei 
contr. ovdei. 

ovde (conj. from ov, and de). And 
not, not even, neither, nor, not. 

ovdeig, ovdeftta, ovdev (adj. from ovde, 
and eig, one). No one, none, no- 
body. — ovdev, nothing. — ovdev rjr- 
tov, nothing the less, nevertheless. 

ovdeirore (adv. from ovde, and nore, 
ever). Never. 

ovdercu (adv. from ovde, and 7tcj, at 
some time). Not even yet, not at 
all. 

ovderepog, a, ov (adj. from ovde, and 
erepog, the other). Neither of the 
two. 

ovdog, ov, 6. A threshold. 

ovdog, eog. See ovdag. 

Ovevatypov, ov, to. Venafrum, a 
city of Campania, in Italy, cele- 
brated for the excellence of the oil 
which its territory produced. 

Oveacoviov, ov, to (bpog). Mount 
Vesuvius, a volcanic mountain of 
Campania, about six miles south- 
east of Naples. 

ovk£ti (adv. from ovk, and en, still 
farther). No farther, no longer. 

ovkovv (adv. from ovk, and ovv, then). 
Therefore not, not then, surely not. 
— As an interrogative, is it not so ? 
is it not then ? not therefore ? — 
ovkovv, therefore, then. 

ovhog, n, ov (adj., akin to echo, ei- 
Xeo), to roll up). 1. Crowded to- 
gether. — Woolly, curling, crisped- 
leaf, with long nap, soft. — 2. 
(From 6/U'w, root of bllvfii, to 
destroy). Destructive, dire. 

OvXvjnxovde, poetic for "Olvfinovde 
(adv. equivalent to 7rpoc "OXv/lc- 
irov). To Olympus. 

ovv (conj.). Therefore, then, now. 
— Namely. 

ovvena (for ov Zveita). On which 
account, since, because. 

ovirep (adv., prop. gen. of bairep). 
Where. 

ov-KOTs (adv. from ov, not, and ttotc, 
ever). Never. 
Zz2 



0$E 

ovtco) (adv. from ov, not, and iro, at 
some time). Not as yet, never, 
not at all. 

ovkuttots (adv. from ovttcj, and nore, 
ever). Never as yet, never. 

ovpd, dg, v (akin to opfSoc, the rump). 
The tail. 

Ovpdvla, ac, poetic Ovpdviri, vg, %. 
Urania, one of the nine Muses. 
She presided over astronomy, 
whence her name (from ovpdvbg, 
heaven). 

ovpuvloc, a, ov (adj. from ovpdvbg). 
Heavenly, celestial. — Ta ovpdvta, 
the heavenly bodies. 

ovpdvluv, ovoc, 6 and rj (from ovpav- 
oc). A god, a goddess. — ol Ov- 
pavitovec, the inhabitants of heaven. 

ovpavo-&ev (adv. from ovpavoc, with 
ending $ev, denoting motion from). 
From heaven. 

ovpdvbg, ov, b. Heaven. 

ovpog, eog, Ion. for opog, eog, to. A 
mountain. 

oig, gen. urbg, to. An ear. 

ovaia, ag, y (from ovaa, nom. fern, 
pres. part, of elju, to be). A being, 
substance, property. 

ovre (conj. from ov, not, and ts). 

And not, nor. — ovre ovre, 

neither nor. 

ovrtg, ovtl, gen. ovTivog (adj. from 
ov, not, and Tig, any one). No 
one, none, nobody. — ovtl, not at 
all. 

OvTLg, 6 (the above as a proper 
name), ace. Ovtlv. Outis, i. e., 
nobody, a name assumed by Ulys- 
ses to deceive the Cyclops Poly- 
phemus. 

oi/Tog, avTn, tovto and tovtov 
(pron.). This, that. — teal Tavra, 
and that too, although. — w ovrog. 
See note, page 32, line 3. 

ovru) and ovrog (adv. from ovrog), 
Thus, in this manner, so, so far 9 
in the following order. 

ovx- See ov. 

ovxl, a form of ov. Not. 

btyeiTico, fut. -"Xyau, perf. ufyeVknKa, 
2d aor. ucpehov (from bcpeTiAu, to 
owe). To owe, to be indebted, to 
be under obligation. — With the 
infinitive it is rendered by must, 
would, ought, &c. — With ug and 
545 



iur 

the infinitive it expresses a wish ; 
d>g ufeXov, would that 1 had, lit- 
erally, how I ought. — c5c ocpeXev 
■&aveeiv, would that he had died. 

otyeTiog, Eog, to (from b(pe?i?io, to suc- 
cour). Advantage, profit, succour. 

b<p&aX/ubg, ov, 6 (from bizTOfiai, to 
see). An eye. 

6<f>ie, Eog, 6. A serpent. 

5<j>pa (conj.). In order that, that, 
until, while, as long as. 

b<ppvoEcg, oeaaa, oev (adj. from bd>- 
pvc). Hilly, elevated, steep. 

btypvg, voc, 7). The eyebrow. — 
Hence, pride, superciliousness. — 
An eminence, a hill, an elevation, 
a ridge, or brow of a hill. 

bxevc, yog, 6 (from bxeax, to carry). 
A fastening, a bolt, a clasp. 

dx&n, yg, V- A bank, a short, an 
eminence. 

ox^oc, ov, 6. A crowd, the popu- 
lace, the people. 

bxvporrjc, yrog, y (from bxvpbc, ten- 
able). A fastness, strength, firm- 
ness. 

bxvpou, <2>, fut. -ugu, perf. c^xvpuKa 
(from bxvpbc, tenable). To render 
tenable, to fortify, to strengthen. 

6ip, ottoc, 7] (from eIttu, root of el- 
7relv, ettoc, &c). The voice. 

dips (adv.). Late, after. 

oiploc, a, ov (adj. from bipi). Late. 
— Comparative bipiairEpoc, super- 
lative bipiaiTaToc. 

bijjic, eoc, y (from birro/iac, to see). 
Sight, a seeing, external appear- 
ance, the countenance.-— ai atpecg, 
the eyes. 

bipov, ov, to (from Eipu, to boil). 
Anything eaten with bread, and 
previously cooked, a relish. 

n. 

Uayyalov, ov, to (opoe). Pangceum, 
a range of mountains in Thrace. 

Tldydoig, iSog, Doric for Uvydaig, 
cdog, 7] (fern. adj.). Of or belong- 
ing to Pegasus, Pegasean. 

Tldya<Ti.c Kpdvu, a, Doric for Urjyd- 
otc Kpfjvn, y. The Pegasean 
fountain, i. e., Hippocrene. See 
note, page 178, line 24. 

^dyy, yg, y (from Tvyyvvpn, to fix to- 
gether). A snare, a noose, a trap. 
546 



IIAI 

rxdyie, idog, r) (from the same). A 
snare, a trap, a net. — Cunning. 

TrdyndXoc, ov (adj. from irdg, all, 
and /ca/toc, beautiful). All- beauti- 
ful, very beautiful. 

ndyoc, ov, 6 (from Tryyvv/u, to fix 
together). A concrete mass, ice, a 
freezing. — A hill. 

ILudog, ov, 6. The Po, the largest 
river of Italy, falling into the 
Adriatic about thirty miles south 
of Venice. 

Ttdd-oc, eoc, to (from 7rao%o, to suf- 
fer, 2d aor. Eirdd-ov). Suffering, 
misfortune. — A passion, affection, 
feeling, emotion, sensation. 

Uaidv, uvog, 6. Paan, the god of 
medicine. — Also, a surname of 
Apollo and of ^Esculapius, as be- 
ing gods of medicine. 

Tvatdv, uvog, 6. Apcean, a triumphal 
hymn, a hymn in honour of Apollo, 
a song of victory. 

HatdviEvg, iog, 6. A Pceanian, of 
the borough of Paania in At- 
tica. 

rzaidvi^cd, fut. -iao>, perf. TreiratdviKa 
(from naidv). To sing a pcean or 
a song of victory. 

iraiddyuyog, ov, 6 (from natg, a boy, 
and aya), to conduct). One who 
conducts boys to school, an attend' 
ant. — A preceptor, a tutor. 

ivaiddplov, ov, to (dim. of nalg). A 
little boy. 

watdEia, ag, r) (from Tratdsvu). In- 
struction, education, learning, dis- 
cipline, mental culture. 

TraidEvu, fut. -Evuco, perf. TTSTraidEVKa 
(from rcatg). To educate, to- bring 
up. 

naidia, ag, t) (from iraifa). Amuse- 
ment, play, sport, pastime, sport- 
ive trifling. 

TTCtidlnog, y, ov (adj. from 7ra?c). 
Boyish, puerile, juvenile. 

iraidiov, ov, to (dim. of iraig). A 
child, a young child. 

7taido<j)6vog, ov (adj. from rraig, and 
the obsolete (psvu, to slay). Child- 
destroying, the slayer of a son. 

Tvai^w, fut. rratao) Doric iraifju), perf. 
irsTraixa (from rralg). To sport, 
to play, to frolic, to be merry, to 
jest, to dance. 



HAM 

-nairjov, ovog, 6, Ionic for iraiav. A 

song of victory, &c. 
iraig, -xaidog, 6. A child, a boy, a 
son, a slave. — 27 xaic, a girl, a 
daughter, 
nracadu, Doric for iraifa. 
iraiio, fut. natou, Att. TratTJau, perf. 
TzeizatKa. To strike, to wound, to 
sting. 
Trula, ng, h- See note, page 90, 

line 7-13. 
ivdlai (adv.). Formerly, in ancient 
times, long ago. — oi nakai, the 
ancients. 
Jla?i,aifio)v, ovog, b. Palamon. See 

M.e7uKepT7jc. 
Tiralaior, d, ov (adj. from niikai). 
Old, ancient, of old. — to ira?.at6v, 
anciently, formerly. 
Tralacorvc, nroc, r) (from iralaiog). 

Age, antiquity. 
7ra?Miorr}, r)g, 7] (from 7rdA/.w). The 
palm of the hand, a measure of 
four fingers'' length, 
ira/iaiorpa, ag, r) (from TraXalcj). A 
place for wrestling, a palastra, a 
gymnasium. 
Tva?Mio), fut. -aico, perf. 7reTru?,acKa 
(from TtdXn, wrestling). To con- 
tend, to wrestle, to struggle. 
TzaXiu-xaig, aidoc, 6 and 7) (adj. from 
TzdXtv, and Tralc, a child). A sec- 
ond time a child, in a state of sec- 
ond childhood. 
•Kakiv (adv.). Again, anew, hack, 

hack again, on the contrary. 
iruXku, fut. 7ra/ld), perf. 7re7Ta7.ua. 
To hurl, to brandish, to shake, to 
agitate, to fondle, to dandle, 
izdjioopac, ov (adj. from ttuc, all, and 
popd,food). That devours every- 
thing, all-devouring, voracious. 
TrapuEye^&Tjg, eg (adj. from rcuc, all, 
and ueye&og, size). Of enormous 
size, immense, 
nap-bvypog, ov (adj. from nag, all, 
and TTovnpoc, wicked). Utterly 
wicked, abandoned, atrocious, 
izauyayog, ov (adj. from ttuc, all, 
and qayslv, to eat). That de- 
vours everything, voracious, glut- 
tonous. 
Trauouvouv, fern. -ouaa. gen. -avroc, 
&c, epic pres. part, to Trauipaivo, 
as if from a form r:a<i§avuid not 



HAN 

used. Beaming brightly, all brill- 
iant to the view, all resplendent. 
izau(p6poc, ov (adj. from ttuc, all, 
and <pepu, to bear). Yielding all 
kmds of productions, very fertile, 
prolific, luxuriant, abundant. 
Iiap.6v?/ca, ac, r). Pamphylia, a 
province of Asia Minor, on the 
coast of the Mediterranean, be- 
tween Lycia and Cilicia. 
Uuv, Havoc, 6. Pan, the son of 
Mercury, god of shepherds, herds- 
men, and rustics. 
TzavaTTOTfioc, ov (adj. from nag, all, 
and drroTuoc, wretched). Over- 
whelmed with misfortune, most 
wretched. 
7iavu<bn?uij, gen. Ikoc (adj. from iruc, 
all, citto, from, and t)al^, a com- 
panion in years). Deserted by 
one's companions in years, 
rravaoploc, ov (adj. from nug,- all, 
and dupioc, untimely). Wholly 
unseasonable, destined prematurely 
to perish. 
iravS/j/xel (adv. from True, all, and 
Sijp.og, the people). In a mass, 
by all the people. 
Uavdluv, ovog, 6. Pandion, a king 
of Athens, son of Erichthonius, 
who succeeded his father B.C. 
1437. 
TLavdpoGiov, ov, to. The Pandros- 
ium. See note, page 65, line 
29-31. 
Havdupd, ag, ?). Pandora, the first 
woman, according to the heathen 
mythology ; made by Vulcan, and 
presented with gifts by all the gods, 
whence her name (from tzuv, every, 
and Stipov, a gift), 
-avqyvptg, eog, 7) (from nag, all, and 
ayvpig for ayopd, an assembly). 
A public assembly, a festive meet- 
ing, a festival. 
Uavo-r], ng, rj. Panope, one of the 

Nereids. 
navonlia, eg, r} (from nag, complete, 
and 6n?,ov, armour). A complete 
suit of armour, a panoply, 
navonrrjg, ov, 6 (from nag, all, and 
onrouai, to see). He that seeth 
all, all-seeing, 
navovpyia, ag, 7) (from navovpyog) 
Craft, cunning, villany, mischief. 
547 



IIAP 

navovpyog, ov, 6 (from nag, all, and 
hpyov, a deed). Capable of doing 
everything, artful, dexterous, wick- 
ed, crafty. 

navrdnaot (adv. from nag, all, and 
anag). Totally, wholly, utterly, 
altogether. 

navrdxo'&ev (adv. from navrdxov, 
with ending -dsv, denoting motion 
from). From every quarter, from 
all sides. 

navrdxov (adv. from nag, every). 
Everywhere. 

7cavT£?iU)c (adv. from navreXrig, com- 
plete). Entirely, wholly, com- 
pletely, very. 

navroSdnog, ?;, ov (adj. from nag, 
all). Of every kind, manifold, 
various. 

navrolog, a, ov (adj. from nag, all). 
Of all kinds, manifold, various. 

ndvrug (adv. from nag, all). Alto- 
gether. 

ndvv (adv.). Very much, very, alto- 
gether, by all means. 

ndvvardrog, n, ov (adj. from nag, 
all, and vordrog, the last). The 
last of all. 

nao/Ltat, used only in the aorist bnda- 
d/unv, inf. naoao"&aL, &c, to ac- 
quire, and the perf. ninduat with 
pres. signif. (like KEnrnuat), I pos- 
sess. 

nanraivu, 1st aor. hndnrnva (no 
other part used in Homer). To 
look forth with anxious eye, to look 
earnestly towards. 

napd (prep., governs the genitive, 
dative, and accusative). With the 
genitive it denotes from, of, on the 
part of. — With the dative, at, near, 
among, with, by, by the side of. 
— With the ace, to, towards, by, 
besides, above, beyond, against, 
more than, contrary to, near, du- 
ring. — 7rapd fiepog, by turns. — 
napd tt)v 666v, along the road. — 
nap" 1 okiyov, nearly. — nap 1 rjfxspav, 
every other day. — In composition 
it denotes, besides, in addition, 
beyond, contrary, and frequently 
marks a faulty or defective action. 

napaSdXTio), fut. -6d%£), &c. (from 
napd, and (3dXlo, to throw). To 
throw to, to hold out to, to object 
548 



IIAP 

to, to hold against or upon, to ap- 
ply, to compare. 

napafiarng, ov, 6 (from napaSaivu, 
to stand near). One who stands 
by the driver in a chariot, a warrior. 

napd6olog, ov (adj. from napadd?^- 
Agj). Daring, rash, hazardous, 
dangerous. 

napayye?.-Xo), fut. -ayyeXu, &c. (from 
napd, and dyysX'Xu, to announce). 
To announce, to proclaim. 

napaylyvojuac, fut. -yevrjao[xaL, &c. 
(from napd, near, and ylyvo/xai, 
to be). To be near by, to be pres- 
ent at, to arrive at, to repair to, 
to approach. 

napdyu, fut. -ago, &c. (from napd, 
near, and dyu, to bring). To 
bring near, to lead forth, to intro- 
duce, to guide, to lead. 

napadcdofiL, fut. -duaco, &c. (from 
napd, to, and SldojLic, to give). 
To give to, to consign, to deliver 
up, to relate, to transmit, to com- 
mit. 

napdSo^og, ov (adj. from napd, con- 
trary to, and 66^a, opinion). Con- 
trary to opinion or belief, unex- 
pected, strange, remarkable. 

napado^ug (adv. from napddo^og). 
Unexpectedly, strangely, remark- 
ably. 

napa&app'vvG) (later form of napa- 
tiapo-vvo), fut. -■&afipvvti, perf. 
napdT£-&dppvyK.a (from napd, be- 
sides, and ifrappiivG), to encourage). 
To inspire- with renewed courage, 
to embolden. 

napaipeo, u, fut. -aipricu, &c. (from 
napd, from, and alpiu, to take). 
To take away from, to diminish, 
to procure from. 

napairiouat, ov/nai, fut. -aiT7}aop.ai, 
&c. (from napd, from, and alrio- 
/Ltac, to obtain by request). To 
obtain from by entreaty, to prevail 
upon, to pacify. — To refuse, to 
reject. 

napaKdMu, fi, fut. -Kdleco, &c. 
(from napd, to, and Kaleo), to call). 
To call to or upon, to call for aid, 
to invoke the aid of, to invite, to 
summon, to challenge, to request. 

napaaaraTLd-'nui, fut. -naTadijou, &c. 
(from napd, with, and KaTart-&j]fu } 



HAP 
to deposite). To deposite with 
some one for another. — In the raid- 
die, to deposite for one's self, to 
intrust, to confide. 

irapaKEiuac, fut. -KEiaopac (from 
irapd, near, and nelfxcu, to lie). 
To lie near, to be contiguous, to 
stand before. 

irapaKlvrjacg, euc, y (from irapaKlviu, 
to move out of place). Displace- 
ment, derangement. 

izapanlv-nTlKuc (adv. from irapaKlvr)- 
tikoc, deranged). Insanely. 

irapanoiryc, ov, 6 (from irapd, with, 
and kolt?j, a couch). A husband. 

Trapano/MV&EG), £), fut. -aKOAov&rjcu, 
&c. (from irapd, with, and ano- 
?i.ov&icj, to follow). To follow 
closely, to accompany. 

irapalapBuvu, fut. -Xrjipopat, &c. 
(from irapd, from, and Aau6dvo, 
to receive). To receive from an- 
other, to take to one's self, to adjoin, 
to take, to receive by inheritance 
or tradition, to assume, to hear of. 

irapuVia, ac, 4) (prop. fern, of ira- 
paktoq, with x^P a understood). 
The scacoast. 

irapu?uoc, ov and oc, a, ov (adj. from 
Trapd, along, and uAg, the sea). 
Bordering on the sea, maritime. 

Trapa/iXuacjcj, fut. -a?.Au^cj, &c. (from 
irapd, by, and dTJAaau, to move). 
To move along near, to pass by, to 
alternate. 

irapapEvo, fut. -pevu, &c. (from Trapd, 
by, and psvco, to remain). To re- 
main by, to persist, to remain be- 
hind. 

irapauvdiopat, ovpac, fut. -yoopai, 
&c. (from Tcapd, with, and uviDeo- 
pai, to speak). To encourage, to 
console, to advise, to remedy, to 
allay. 

irapapv&ia, ac, y (from irapap.v-&so- 
pat). Encouragement, consola- 
tion, a soothing. 

Tcapav?]xopat, fut. -vrj^ouat, &c. 
(from irapd, by, and v?/xopai, to 
swim). To swim by the side of. 

Ttapdvoia, ac, y (from irapavoiu, to 
misconceive). Folly, want of rea- 
son, insanity. 

Trapavoiycj, fut. -ol^cj, &c. (from 
irapd, in a diminished degree, and 



ITAP 
dvoiyu, to open). To open grad- 
ually, to open partly. 

Trapuirav (adv. for irapd ttuv). Uni- 
versally, altogether, generally. 

rraparripTro), fut. -Trcuipo), &c. (from 
Trapd, with, and TreuTru, to send). 
To send along with, to convey to. 
— In the middle, to send one's self 
with, to accompany, to convoy. 

TraparreTuopat, iouaL, in Ionic prose 
for 

rrapaTrsrouat, fut. -Trerrjcjouat and 
TTTj/aopai, &c. (from irapd, near, 
and Treropai, to fly). To fly about 
near or by. 

TrapairXeo, fut. -TrAsioouai (from 
irapd, by, and ttaeo), to sail). To 
sail by or along, to sail beyond. 

irapaTrAr/aloc, ov (adjective from tra- 
pd, nearly, and TrArjotoc, alike). 
Nearly alike, very similar, closely 
resembling, equal, like. 

TrapaTrAyaiux; (adv. from irapaTr^Ayci- 
oe). Like, equally with. 

TrapaTro?J„vfa, fut. -oaegu, &c. (from 
irapd, intensive, and drroAXvui, to 
destroy). To destroy, to ruin. — 
In the middle, to perish, to be lost. 

irapanoAv (adv. for Trapd iroAv). By 
far, by much. 

Trapdonuov, ov, to (neut. of irapday- 
[ioc). An ensign, a standard. 

Trapdcrjuoc, ov (adj. from irapd, by, 
and cypa, a mark). Marked, dis- 
tinguished, famous. 

irapdoiToc, ov, 6 (from Trapd, with, 
and gltoc, food). One who flatters 
another in order to live at his ex- 
pense, a parasite. 

TrapacK.EvdC,(d, fut. -gkevuccj, &c. 
(from irapd, with, and gk£vu&, to 
provide). To provide with, to fur- 
nish with, to fit out, to arrange, to 
prepare, to produce. — Middle with 
the same signification. 

irapao-KEvr}, yq, y (from irapd, in- 
tensive, and okevt), preparation). 
Preparation, a premeditated meas- 
ure, intention. 

TrapaoTrovdEu, u, fut. -770-6; (from 
irapd, contrary to, and oirovSq, a 
treaty). To violate a treaty, to act 
in violation of a treaty, 
irapacrd-yc, ov, 6 (from irapiardpat, 
to stand by the side of). One who 
549 



IIAP 
stands by another to aid, a de- 
fender, a fellow- combatant. 

irapdral-ic, sue, t) (from Trapardaao)). 
Order of battle, an army in battle 
array, a battle. 

Trapardaao, fut. -rd^o), &c. (from 
wapd, by the side of, and rdaao, 
to arrange). To range beside or 
near, to draw up in battle array. 

Trapareivo), fut. -revC), &c. (from 
Trapd, by the side of, and reivto, to 
stretch). To extend by the side of 
or along, to stretch out, to reach 
to. 

7rapaTi-&7]fii, fut. -dfjau, &c. (from 
Trapd, by the side of, and Ti&npi, 
to place). To place by the side of 
or near, to set down before, to 
serve up to. — In the middle, to 
cause to be served up before one's 
self. 

rcaparpex^i future -dpap.ovp.ac, &c. 
(from izapd, by the side of, and 
rpexo), to run). To run by the 
side of. — To outstrip. 

Txaparvyxdvio, future -rev^opat, &c. 
(from trapd, with, and rvyxdvo), to 
meet). To meet with, to light upon 
by chance, to occur. 

napavTtKa (adv. from Trapd, at, and 
avTtna, now). At the present 
moment, immediately, for the mo- 
ment. 

napacpipo, fut. Trapotau, &c. (from 
irapd, from, and (pepo, to bring). 
To bring away from. — In the 
passive, to be carried out of, to be 
driven away from. 

Tcapd(j>opoc, ov (adj. from irapa^epu). 
Borne or driven from the right 
road, wandering. — Out of one's 
senses, delirious, passionate, mad- 
ly fond. 

TrapacpvldKr/, r/c, ?j (from irapatyvldc- 
cJ). A watch, preservation. 

nrapatyvTidaau, Attic -(pvhiTTto, fut. 
-§vkd£,o, &c. (from Trapd, near, 
and (pvXdaau, to watch). To 
watch standing near, to guard, to 
garrison, 
napaxpvpa (adv., properly for 7rapa 
to xPW a )- At the very instant, 
immediately, 
napaxupeo), &, fut. -^wp^cw, &c. 
(from napd, towards, and ^wpecj, 
550 



ITAP 
to go). To go towards, to ap- 
proach, to give way to, to yield, to 
deliver tip. 

7rdpdu?uc, eo)c, t). The panther. 

Tvapeyyvdu, u, fut. -eyyvr/au, &c. 
(from napd, to, and kyyvdo, to 
hand over). To hand over to, to 
consign to, to pass along, to deliv- 
er up, to command, to enjoin, to 
exhort. 

TvapeSpevu, fut. -evau (from napd, 
by the side of, and edpa, a scat). 
To sit by the side of (as a irdpe- 
dpoc or assessor), to be an assessor. 

itapud, uc, rj. The cheek. 

Trdpeipt,, fut. -taopai (from 7rapd, by, 
and dpi, to be). To be present. — 
ol Tvapovrec, those present. — ra 
irapovra, present circumstances, 
the present. 

Trdpeipt, fut. -elaopai (from rrapd, to, 
and elpi, to go). To approach, to 
draw near, to pass by, to pass be- 
■oi TTaptovre.g, the passers 



irapetGepXopai, fut. -eftevaopat, &c. 
(from 7rapa, by the side, and elaep- 
Xopat, to enter). To enter on one 
side, to pass to the other side and 
enter. 

ixapEptpeprjc, ec (adjective from Trapd, 
nearly, and sp(p£pr/c, like). Near- 
ly alike, similar, resembling. 

Txapi^etpi, fut. -tiaopai (from napd, 
by the side, and tgeipi, to go out). 
To go out on one side, to pass out by. 

TcapETzopat, fut. -eipopai, &c. (from 
irapd, by the side of, and erropai, 
to follow). To follow closely, to 
be connected with. 

irapepxopai, future -elevaopai, &c. 
(from Trapd, by, and spxopai, to go). 
To pass by, to go beyond, to come 
before "the assembled people, to ap- 
pear publicly, to approach. — ra 
TrapeXrjXv&oTa, the past. 

Trapex u i f ut - Kapefa and Trapaaxvau, 
&c. (from 7ropa, near, and ex u > t0 
hold), and middle Trapexopac. To 
hold near, to offer, to bestow, to 
furnish, to display, to procure, to 
occasion. 

irapnyopia, aq, 7) (from Traprjy opeu, 
to exhort). Exhortation, consola- 
tion^ relief 



IIAP 

ndpyjiai, &c. (from rcapd, by, and 
■fjjj.at, to sit). To sit by or near. 

itapd-evog, ov, y. A virgin, a maiden. 

Tlapd-evuv, cjyog, 6 (from irapdevog). 
The Parthenon, a celebrated tem- 
ple at Athens, on the summit of 
the Acropolis, and sacred to Mi- 
nerva, the virgin goddess. 

napiviu, future TraprjGu, &c. (from 
izapd, by, and cn/u, to send). To 
let pass by, to pass over, to omit, 
to permit, to yield, to grant, to al- 
low, to enfeeble. — Perf. pass, part., 
Trapei/Lievog, y, ov, benumbed. 

Trapnnrevtj, fat. -svgu, perf. TxapcTT- 
Trevna (from rcapd, by the side of, 
and 'nnrevo, to ride). To ride by 
the side of or near, to ride beyond, 
to outstrip. 

Udpcg, Idog and tog, 6. Paris or 
Alexander, son of Priam and Hec- 
uba. With the assistance of Ve- 
nus, he carried off Helen the wife 
of Menelaus, and thereby caused 
the Trojan war. 

TrapioTijju, fut. Tzapaarrjccd, &c. (from 
rcapd, near, and iGTyjic, to place). 
To place near, to compare. — As a 
neuter, in perf., pluperf., and 2d 
aor., TcapeoryKa, I stand near, I 
am present. — rrapiarvv, I stood 
by the side of, I assisted, I waited 
upon. — In the middle, to approach, 
to present one's self, to appear. 

Uap/LtevLuv, uvoc, 6. Parmenio, a 
celebrated general in the army of 
Alexander, the most able and trust- 
worthy of his officers. 

Tlapvdcoc, ov, and liapvaaaoc, ov, 6. 
Parnassus, a mountain of Phocis, 
remarkable for its two summits, 
one of which was sacred to Apollo 
and the Muses, the other to Bac- 
chus. 

rcapodlryg, ov, 6 (from rcdpodog). A 
passer by, a traveller. 

Trdpodoe, ov, y (from rcapd, by, and 
666g, a way). A passage by, a 
passage, an entrance, a parade. — 
In tragedy, the entering- song of 
the chorus. 

napoiKeo, u, fut. -tjgcj, &c. (from 
rcapd, near, and oIkeo, to dwell). 
To dwell near, to be in the neigh- 
bourhood of. 



IIA2 

irapoi/j-la, ac, v (from rcapd, by, and 
ol/j,oc, the way). A proverb. 

rcapoivew, u, fut. -r'/GU (from redpoc- 
voc, intoxicated). To insult when 
intoxicated, to behave disorderly, to 
to conduct one's self disgracefully 
(like a person intoxicated). 

rzapoLvia, ac, ?/ (from Tcapocveo)). 
Riotous conduct, disgraceful be- 
haviour. 

■irapoixo/Lcac, future -ocxwo/iac, &c. 
(from rcapd, by, and olxo/aac, to 
go). To go beyond, to pass by, to 
elapse. 

rcapo^vvo, fut. -o%vv£>, perf. rcapu^- 
vyna (from rcapd, intensive, and 
bgvvc), to sharpen). To urge on, 
to encourage, to stimulate, to ex- 
asperate. 

reapopdeo, d>, fut. -oipofiai, &c. (from 
rcapd, aside, and opdu, to look). 
To look aside, to overlook, to affect 
not to see, to neglect. 

Kapopfxaco, £), future -opfifjGU, &c. 
(from rcapd, intens , and op/udu, 
to drive). To urge omvard, to 
stimulate. 

rcapopfiew, u, future -op/xyGO, &c. 
(from rcapd, near, and 6py,ecj, to lie 
at anchor). To lie at anchor near, 
to lie by the side of in harbour. 

redpog (adv.). Before, previously. — 
As a preposition, poetic for repd. 
Before, in the presence of. 

ILdpoc, ov, y. Par os, now Paro, one 
of the Cyclades, situate to the south 
of Delos, famous for its marble. 

rcdpovGia, ac, y (from pres. part, of 
rcdpeifii, to be present). Presence, 
arrival. 

ixapoxeu, u, fut. -tjgcj, perf. rcapcox- 
yua (from rcapd, by the side of, 
and o-^ecj. to convey). To convey 
by the side of — In the middle, to 
ride by the side of, i. e., to have 
one's self conveyed with. 

rcapprjGta, ag, y (from redg, and (yrJGie, 
speech). Freedom of speech, bold- 
ness, frankness. 

rcapuKedvlryg, ov, 6, and rcapcjKedv- 
LTtg, loog, y (from rcapd, by the 
side of, and unedvog, the ocean). 
Lying along the ocean, dwelling 
near the ocean. 

redg, redea, rcuv (adj.). Every, each, 
55 i 



TEAT 

all, the xohole. — to ndv, the whole, 
everything. — Ttdvreg, everybody . 

-naoxu, fut. Tretao/mi, perf. mid. tte- 
irov&a, 2d aor. act. £Tcd-&ov. To 
suffer, to endure, to feel, to be af- 
fected (with an adverb expressing 
the manner or degree). See note, 
page 26, line 15. 

TC&Tayor, ov, 6 (from Ttardaaa)). A 
loud noise, a crash, roaring, din, 
tumult. 

narduacj, fut. -dfw, perf. TXEixaTaxa. 
To strike, to beat, to dash. 

iraTeo/uac, 1st aor. kTraoa.fj.nv, perf. 
pass, as mid. Txiixaoy.ai, pluperf. 
without aug. TTETvaofinv (poetic and 
Ionic dep. mid.). To eat, to taste 
of, to partake of (with the geni- 
tive). 

Tcareu, GJ, fut. -yam, perf. TiETzdrnKa. 
To trample, to tread out, to crush 
by trampling. 

Trdrrjp, iraripog contr. Tcarpoc, 6. A 
father, a parent. 

Ttarpa, ac, Ionic Txarpn, ye, y (from 
Tzdrfip). One's fatherland, a na- 
tive country. 

Trarplog, ov (adj. from Traryp). In- 
herited from a father, paternal, 
hereditary, peculiar to one's native 
country. 

irarpiq, Idoc, r) (from rrarrip). One's 
fatherland, one's native country. 
— As an adjective, native. 

ndrpo/c?iOf, ov, 6. Patrbclus, one 
of the Grecian chiefs in the Tro- 
jan war, son of Mencetius, and the 
intimate friend of Achilles. He 
was slain by Hector. 

7rarp£)oc, ov, and oc, a, ov (adj. from 
narfip). Of a father , fatherly , pa- 
ternal. — As a noun, an hereditary 
protector. 

7rav?ia, nc, y (from rcavu). Cessa- 
tion, rest, the end. 

Uavcavlac, ov, 6. Pausanias, a 
Spartan general, who offered to 
betray his country to the Persians, 
but was discovered, and fled for 
refuge to the temple of Minerva, 
in which he was starved to 
death. 

iravu), fut. Tvavau), perf. TTETtavKa. 
To cause to cease, to restrain, to 
suppress, to finish. — In the mid- 
552 



HEI 

die, to cause one's self to cease, to 

cease, to desist. 
TLatyia, ac, and Ion. TLaQty, yc, y. 

Paplaa, a surname of Venus, from 

being worshipped at Paphos, a city 

of Cyprus. 
Hafylayovia, ac, rj. Paphlagonia, 

a country of Asia Minor, on the 

coast of the Euxine. 
Tractive), fut. Trdxvvti, perf. TVETrdxvy- 

na (from Trdxvr). To swell, to 

make firm, to fasten. 
^a-Xvg, eta, v (adj. from Tcdyu, root 

of Txrjyvvui). Thick, stout, solid, 

robust. 
TteSdo), (J, fut. -yco), perf. TXETTEdi]- 

Ka (from Ttidy). To fetter, to 

bind. 
niSy, yq, y. A fetter, a shackle. 
Tredtdc, ddoc, y (from rrediov). A 

plain. — Tredtdc x&pa, a level coun- 
try. 
tveSiXov, ov, to (from Txidrf). A shoe, 

a sandal, a buskin. 
TtsSlvbe, y, ov (adj. from tteSiov). 

Level, even, plain. 
tteSiov, ov, to (from tteSov, the 

ground). A plain, level ground, 

afield. 

TTE&VU, fut. -EVGO), perf. TTETTE^EVKa 

(from tte£6c, on foot). To go on 
foot, to travel by land. 

TTE^y (adv., properly dat. sing. fem. 
of 7re£6c, with 66u> understood). 
On foot, by land. 

tte^ikoc, i], ov (adj. from tte^oc). On 
foot, of or pertaining to land,. — 
Tre^iKal dvvup.£tc, land forces. 

TTe^ofidxia, ac, y (from tte^oc, and 
p&xofiai, to fight). A battle of 
infantry, a battle on land. 

TTE^og, 7), ov (adj. from 7re£d, Doric 
for ttovc, a foot). On foot, land, 
by land. — to txe^ov, to. tte^o,, and 
ol tte^ol, infantry, land forces. 

TTEid-apxeo), w, fut. -rjau, perf. ttettec- 
■&dpxy«a (from TTEid-o/nai, and dp- 
XV i authority). To obey author- 
ity, to obey. 

7TEI-&0), fut. TVEiaO), perf. TTETTElKa, 2d 

aor. ETTidov, perf. mid. TTETroc&a. 
To persuade, to induce. — In the 
middle, to obey, to yield to persua- 
sion, to believe, to acquiesce in, to 
follow. — Perf. mid., with the sig- 



IIEA 

nification of the present, iv£itoi-&a, 
I confide in. 

ireivdo), d, fut. -^<tu, perf. Tre-ireivrjua 
(from tteIvcl, hunger). To be 
hungry, to starve. — To hunger or 
long for. 

nscpa, ac, rj. An attempt, an under- 
taking, a trial, an experiment. 

UstpaiEvg, iuc. 6. The Pirczus, the 
largest and most celebrated of the 
three harbours of Athens, connect- 
ed with the city by the long 
walls. 

Tvecpacj, <3, fut. -aero Ionic -t/gcj, perf. 
wETCELpana. To try, to make trial 
of, to prove, to attempt, to practise. 
— Middle with the same significa- 
tion. 

Heipld-ooe, oov, contr. TLeipid-ovc, ov, 
6. Pirithous, son of Ixlon, king 
of the Laplthoe, and a friend of 
Theseus. 

neipo, fut. irepC), perf. TrsirapKa, 2d 
aor. Endpov, perf. mid. TiEizopa. 
To pierce, to transfix, to perfo- 
rate. 

TiELGLOTparog, ov, 6. Pisistrafus, 
an Athenian, who made himself 
sole ruler of his native country, 
and held the sovereign power for 
thirty-three years. 

TtE'kdyi^u, fut. -lau (from irsXayoc). 
To spread or overflow like a sea, 
to be like a sea. 

nilayoc, eoc, to. A sea. 

TreXEidc, adoc, and irE^eta, ag, fj 
(from TtcTibc for TrsXTiSg, dark-col- 
oured). A dove, a wood-pigeon. 

iT£?i£Kdv, uvoc, 6 (from TtsXEKdu, to 
cut with an axe). The woodpeck- 
er, the pelican. 

7te%£kvc, eoc, 6. An axe. 

JlEliac, ov, 6. Pelias, a king of 
Thessaly, who had unjustly seized 
upon the kingdom. In order to 
maintain himself in his usurpation, 
he sent his nephew Jason, to whom 
the kingdom belonged of right, to 
Colchis in search of the golden 
fleece. 

n^Xfia, droc, to. The sole (of a foot 
or of a sandal). 

HEXomdac, ov, 6. Pelopidas, a cel- 
ebrated general of Thebes, the 
friend of Epaminondas. 

A A A. 



nEN 

TlEloTcovvrjoiaKog, ij, ov (adj.). Pel- 
oponnesian. 

HeTio-kovvtiglol, cjv, oi. The Pelo- 
ponnesians. 

TiEloTTovvvaog, ov, if (from UeXoirog, 
of Pelops, and vtjgoc, the island). 
Peloponnesus, a peninsula com- 
prising that part of Greece which 
lies south of the Isthmus of Cor- 
inth. It is now the Morea. 

UeTloi/j, ottoc, 6. Pelops, son of 
Tantalus king of Phrygia. He 
was murdered by his father and 
served up at a banquet, to try the 
divinity of the gods. 

tteXtt], ng, rj (from ndXkw, to bran- 
dish). A light shield. 

tteXo, more commonly Trelojuai (used 
only in the present and imperfect). 
To be, to become. — Syncopated 3d 
sing, imperfect etzTie, and middle 
ettXeto. 

TTEfiiTTog, r\, ov (num. adj. from -kev- 
te). The fifth. — Neuter as an ad- 
verb, TTEfj-iTTov, fifthly. 

TTEjUTTG), fut. TTEfllpG), perf. TTETTOjLC^a. 

To send, to send away, to throw. 
iTEvng, rjTog, 6 and rj (adj. from iriv- 

o/j.ac). Poor. — 6 TTEvyg, a poor 

man. 
U£v&£vg, tug, 6. Pentheus, a king 

of Thebes in Boeotia, torn in pieces 

by the Bacchantes. 

TTEV&EU, 6), fut. -fjGO), perf. TTETZEV&if]- 

K.a (from nEv&og). To mourn, to 
lament, to grieve. 

7Z£v&og, Eog, to. Grief, sorrow, 
misfortune, a strain of wo. 

TTEvia, ag, rj (from TZ£vo[iai). Pov- 
erty. 

iTEVixpog, a, ov (adj. same as Tzivnc). 
Poor, necessitous. 

7vevo/xai (dep. mid. from the obsolete 
ttevu). To work, to be occupied. 
— As active, to do, to perform. — 
Hence, to be poor, i. e., to work 
for one's subsistence. 

KEVTaKiGx'tti-OL, ai, a (num. adj. from 
7T£VTdKtg, five times, and xihioi, a 
thousand). Five thousand. 

TTEVTaKOGLOt, ai, a (num. adj. from 
ttevte, five, with numeral suffix 
denoting hundreds). Five hun- 
dred. 
ttevte (num. adj. indecl.). Five. 
553 



IIEP 

TvevTrjKOVTa (num. adj. indecl. from 
irevre, with numeral suffix deno- 
ting tens). Fifty. 

nevrnnovTopog, ov, rj (from ttevtt}- 
Kovra, and epeoGu, to row). A 
fifty-oared galley. 

7reTreipoc, ov (adj. from tcetttu, to 
cook). Mature, ripe. 

ireir?Log , ov, 6. A robe, a garment. 

nip (an enclitic particle, probably 
from rcEpl, in the sense of very). 
Wholly, entirely, although, truly. 
— When added to pronouns and 
some other parts of speech, it sig- 
nifies ever, soever, &c. ; as, ocnrep, 
whoever ; EV&cmep, wheresoever ; 
bd-evTzep, whencesoever, &c. 

•Kepa, before a vowel wspdv, epic 
neprjv (originally nom. and ace. of 
an obsolete noun irepa, the end), 
as a preposition with the genitive. 
On the farther side of, beyond, on 
the other side. 

nepaca, ac, tj (fern, of irspalog, with 
ytj understood). Land on the far- 
ther side, country lying opposite, 
country across or beyond. 

7repatoc, a, ov (adj. from irepa). Sit- 
uated on the farther side or beyond. 

irepatou, d, fut. -ugo, perf. TVETvepai- 
(OKa (from rrepaloc). To convey 
beyond or over. — In the middle, to 
convey one's self beyond, to pass 
over. 

Trepae, arog, to (from rrepa). The 
end, a term, a limit, a boundary, 
an extremity, the termination. 

rrepao, u>, fut. auu Ion. and Horn. 
-rjaio, perf. rtEirepaKa (from tteou). 
To transport, to convey across. — 
Neuter, to pass over, to cross. 

Tiepydfioc, ov, rj, and Jlipyd/Lcov, ov, 
to. Pergdmus, the citadel of 
Troy. 

Trepdit;, lkoc, 6 and rj. The partridge. 

Tripd-u, fut. Tripocj, perf. TTEirEpua, 2d 
aor. Eirpd'&ov, perf. mid. Trt'nop'&a. 
To lay waste, to sack, to destroy. 

irept (prep., governs the genitive, da- 
tive, and accusative). The pri- 
mary meaning is above. — With the 
genitive it signifies about, concern- 
ing, of, for, with respect to. — With 
the dative, about, around, on. — 
With the accusative, round about, 
554 



iiep 

near, around, against, towards, at, 
with regard to, about, in. — On the 
construction of ol rzEpi tlvu, as re- 
ferring simply to the person spoken 
of, see note, page 148, line 20-25. 
— In composition it signifies about, 
around, over, and often strengthens 
the simple verb, in which case it 
has its primitive force of above, su- 
perior to, greater than. 

TTEpcaipiu), u, fut. -cuprjGu, &c. (from 
TTspi, and alpio, to take). To re- 
move, to deprive of. 

UeplavSpoc, ov, 6. Periander, ty- 
rant of Corinth, by the meanness 
of his flatterers ranked as one of 
the seven wise men of Greece. 

TrepiaTTTG), fut. -dipo, &c. (from 7rept, 
about, and arrTO, to fasten). To 
fasten around, to attach to, to sus- 
pend from. 

TTEpiddllG), fut. -6d?id), &c. (from 
TTEpi, around, and fidTJuo, to cast). 
To throw around, to surround, to 
encompass, to entangle, to embrace. 
— In the middle, to surround one^s 
self with, to put on. 

TVEpiBXETTTog, ov (adjective from7r£j0t- 
6Xetco, to look around). Con- 
spicuous, renowned. 

TCEpL66r)Toc, ov (adj. from ireptfodu, 
to proclaim round about). Pub- 
lished abroad, celebrated, famous. 

TtEpi&o'kr}, yc, 7] (from TKEpibaXku). 
The act of placing around, an en- 
velope (of a cloak), an embrace. 

TTEpi6o7iog, ov, 6 (from iTEptSdXXo)). 
An enclosure, a circuit, a wall. 

TTEpcyiyvofiai, fut. -yEvfiao\iai, &c. 
(from Kepi, above, and yiyvoficu, 
to be). To be over and above, to 
remain over, to survive. — To be 
superior to, to conquer, to excel. 

iT£piypd(j)0), fut. -ypdipu, &c. (from 
rcEpi, around, and ypd<j>o, to mark). 
To draw lines around, to limit, to 
define, to mark, to describe. 

TTEptSecj, fut. -drjoo, &c. (from rcepi, 
around, and 6eo), to bind). To 
bind around, to connect. 

TtEpiSpouog, ov (adj. from 7TEpc6pdf/,Eiv, 
2d aor. inf. of TTEptrpsxco, to run 
around). Running around, sur- 
rounding, encircling, — As passive, 



IIEP 

TTepLelSov (from nepi, around, and 
eldov, I looked), used as 2d aor. to 
7tepiopdcj, which see. / over- 
looked, I neglected, &c. 

Tcepietfii, fut. -iaofiat, &c. (from wept, 
above, and eifii, to be). To be over 
and above, to survive, to be superior 
to, to exceed. 

Trepistpt, fut. -siaopat, &c. (from 
Kspi, around, and eiul, to go). To 
go round about, to encompass. 

irepleliaau, fut. -eXii-G), perf. KEptsi- 
?LiX a (from ■nepi, around, and kXia- 
oo, to roll). To roll round about, 
to wind or wrap around. 

irepiepxouat, fut. -sTisvaopat, &c. 
(from izepi, around, and epxopat, 
to go). To go round about, to 
wander, to surround, to fall upon. 

Keptix^, fut- -£&> an d -oxvou, &c. 
(from izepi, around, and £#w, to 
hold). To hold around, to sur- 
round, to encompass, to contain, 
to require. — In the middle, to at- 
tach one's self to, to resemble. 

Tzept&vvvpt and -favvvo), fut. -Qjao, 
&c. (from Kepi, around, and Cw- 
vvul, to gird). To- place a girdle 
around, to gird, to bind around. 

Tlept'&oidnc, ov, 6. Of the borough 
of Perithozdoe. 

irepuGTnut, fut. izepiarriGQ, &c. 
(from r:epi, around, and "tornpt, to 
place). To place around, to sur- 
round. — As neut. in perf., pluperf., 
and 2d aor., to stand around. — ol 
TreptearriKOTec, and ol KEptEGTursg, 
the bystanders. 

nepLKad-nuaL, &c. (from Kepi, around, 
and Kudnuat, to sit). To sit round 
about, to encamp around, to be- 
siege. 

ireptKaXlrjg, £e (adj. from nepi, su- 
perior to, and ndXXoe, beauty). 
Exceedingly beautiful, very beauti- 
ful. 

neptKaTiVKTO), fut. -Kalvtpo, &c. 
(from izepi, around, and K,a?iVKTcj, 
to cover). To cover by wrapping 
around, to wrap up in. 

irepineLuai, fut. -KEtaopat, &c. (from 
7rept, around, and tceiuai, to lie). 
To lie around. 

UeptK?iT}c, eovg, 6. Pericles, an 
Athenian orator and statesman, so 



IIEP 
popular and talented that for fifteen 
years he enjoyed almost absolute 
sway in his native city. 

KepiKOKTu, fut. -noipu, &c. (from 
Kepi, around, and icoktcj, to cut). 
To cut round about, to cut down, 
to cut off, to reduce, to refuse. 

Kepinv?do, fut. -kvTuoo, &c. (from 
Kepi, around, and kvaIu, to turn). 
To turn round. — In the middle, to 
roll one's self into a ball. 

KepiXapdavu, fut. -2,f/ipopat, &c. 
(from 7T£pi, around, and Xap6dvo, 
to take). To embrace, to encom- 
pass, to enclose. — To comprehend. 

KepiTiduKO), fut. -Tidptpu, &c. (from 
Kepi, around, and XdpKu, to shine). 
To shine so as to give light all 
around, to shine brilliantly, to 
gleam. 

Kepihe'tKG) fut. -leiipcj, &c. (from 
Kepi, over, and heiKu, to leave). 
To leave remaining. — In pass., to 
be left over, to survive. 

Kepip.dxnroq, ov (adj. from Ksptpdxo- 
fiat, to fight around). Contended 
for, closely contested, eagerly de- 
sired. 

Ke.ptp.evo), fut. -ptevtb, &c. (from Kepi, 
around, and psvo, to remain). To 
remain round about, to wait for. 
— To stop. 

KEpiuerpoe, ov, i] (from Kepi, around, 
and ptETpov, measure). A cir- 
cumference, a circuit. 

KEptvatErne, ov, 6 (from KEptvatErdcj, 
to dwell round about). A neigh- 
bour. 

Uepiv&tog, ov, 6. A Perinthian. — ol 
ilepiv&ioi, the Perinthians, inhabi- 
tants of Perinthus, a Thracian city 
on the coast of the Propontis. 

KE.pt!; (preposition, especially in Ion- 
ic, a strengthened form of izspi). 
Round about, around, &c. 

KeptoSoc, ov, rj (from izspi, around, 
and 666c, a way). A passage 
round, a circuit, a compass, a 
period (in rhetoric), a turn (in 
music). 

KEptOLKEo, £), fut. -otKrjao, &c. (from 
7rept, around, and oIkeo, to dwell). 
To dwell round about, to inhabit 
around, to settle around. 

Kspiottioc, ov (adj. from izspi, around, 
555 



nEP 

and ockoc, a dwelling). Dwelling 
around, neighbouring. 

'KspioTTTop.aL, fut. -S^jjofiac, &c. (from 
rrspi, around, and 5irTo/j,at., to look). 
To look all around (either pretend- 
ing not, or failing, to see what is 
placed before one), to overlook, to 
neglect. 

irepiopao, ti, fut. -otjjo/nac, &c. (from 
mpi, around, and opdu, to look). 
Primitive meaning same as irspi- 
OTTTOjiat. — Hence, to take no notice 
of, to suffer to escape with impunity, 
to overlook, to disregard. 

nepiovaca, ac, r) (from nepcsi/xi, to be 
over). Superfluity, gain, afflu- 
ence, abundance, property, excess. 

nepnrad-uc (adv. from TTepiTTd-d-fjC, 
deeply affected by any emotion). 
In fierce anger, passionately. 

neplirdToc, ov, 6 (from irepi, around, 
and Trario), to walk). A place for 
walking about, a walk, a prome- 
nade. 

ttePIttejxttu, fut. -ttejj.ijjo), &c. (from 
■Kepi, around, and tte^ttcj, to send). 
To send round about. 

irspiTTSTOfiac, fut. -TTrrjGop,ai, &c. 
(from TTEpl, around, and Tcsropiai, 
to fly). To fly around. 

ireptTctTTTO), fut. -ireaovftai, &c. (from 
TTEpi, around, and ttIttto), to fall). 
To fall around, to fall upon, to 
meet with, to incur. 

TcepLTrteKO, fut. -n/ietjc), &c. (from 
TTEpi, around, and ttXeku, to fold). 
To wind or fold around, to involve, 
to implicate, to entangle. 

irepnrleu), fut. -7t/ievoofj.ai, &c. (from 
TTEpl, around, and ttTieo, to sail). 
To sail around, to sail up and 
down. 

TCEpircoteo), d, fut. -ttoltjgo, &c. (from 
TTEpi, about, and ttoleu, to make). 
To bring about, to produce, to pro- 
cure, to provide. — In the middle, 
to procure for one's self, to acquire. 

TrepmrvcTGu, fut. -tttv^u, perf. Trepi- 
TTETTTvxa (from TTEpi, around, and 
tttvggo), to fold). To fold around, 
to wind around, to wrap up, to fold 
in one's embrace, 
irepipp'e'o), fut. -p'EVGop.at, &c. (from 
TTEpi, around, and psu, to flow). 
To flow out all around, to melt 
556 



nEP 

away, to fall out in every direction. 

2d aor. pass. TTEpiEppvnv. 
TTEpLppr/yvv/LiL, fut. -pv^a, &c. (from 

TTEpl, around, and prjyvvju, to tear). 

To tear all around, to burst open, 

to break in pieces. 
TT£piadp,oc, ov, Doric for TZEptanfioc, ov 

(adj. from rrepi, intens., and Gypa, 

a mark). Very remarkable, easily 

distinguished. 

TTEpCGKOTTEO), <3, fut. -7jGCJ, &C. (from 

Trepi, around, and gkotteo, to look). 

To look around, to survey. 
TTEpioTaoie, euc, y (from TrEpuara/xac, 

to stand around). Circumstance, 

condition, danger. 
tzeploteXTkj), fut. -gteIu, &c (from 

TTEpi, around, and gteXXu, to fit 

out). To adorn all around, to 

decorate. — To cover, to conceal. 

TTEpLGTEpa, &£, 7]. A dove. 

TTEpiavldo), &, fut. -t)go), perf. TTEpi- 
GEGvXnua (from TTEpi, around, and 
GvTiau, to strip off). To strip off 
all around, to despoil completely, 
to carry off from every quarter, to 
plunder. 

TTEptGU^O), fut. -GCOGG), &C. (from TTEpl, 

above, and (7u(u, to save). To res- 
cue, to preserve (so that one may 
survive). 

TTEpiTELVU, fut. -TEVLJ, &C. (from TTE- 
pl, around, and telvo, to stretch). 
To stretch around, to draw out, to 



TTEptTEjUVO, fut. 'TEflCJ, &C. (from 

Tvepi, around, and teuvo, to cut). 
To cut around, to lop off, to re- 
trench. 
TTEptTid-rjfu, fut. --&TJG0), &c. (from 
TTEpl, around, and ridr/fii, to place). 
To place around, to put on, to in- 
vest, to surround. — In the middle, 
to put on one's self, to place round 
for one's self. 

TTEpiTTOC, ?'}, OV, Attic TTEpCGGOC, 7}, OV 

(adj. from irepi, above}. Superflu- 
ous, excessive, immoderate, abun- 
dant, very large. 

TTept^Eprjc, ec (adj. from TTEpifepo). 
Turned round, circular. ■ — Sur- 
rounded. 

TTEpupepo), fut. TTEpioiGO), &c. (from 
TTEpi, arotuid, and (j>epco. to carry). 
To carry around, to turn around. 



IIET 
— In the middle, to turn one's self 
about, to return. 

TrepKppudetoc (adv. from TCEpuppadrig, 
circumspect). Prudently, skilful- 
ly, with great skill. 

nepixuprjg, £c (adj. from TTept-xaipo, 
to rejoice greatly at). Highly de- 
lighted, overjoyed. 

7repLxeu, fut. -xsvgo, &c. (from rrspi, 
around, and ^ew, to pour). To 
pour around or upon, to pour out 
into. 

7repixopeva), fut. -evgo, &c. (from 
Trepl, around, and xopevu, to dance). 
To dance around. 

nepLxplo), fut. -xplo-u, &c. (from 
■Kepi, around, and xP'^i t° anoint). 
To anoint all around, to lute. 

Treptxpvooo), w, fut. -6gcj, perf. Tcept- 
Kexpycoica (from nept, around, 
and #pt>cro6>, to cover with gold). 
To set round with gold, to gild. 

UepaETToXtc, eo)c, 7j. Persepolis, a 
famous city of Asia, capital of the 
Persian empire. 

TLepoevc, cue, 6. Perseus, son of Ju- 
piter and Danae, a famous hero of 
antiquity, who cut off the head of 
the Gorgon Medusa, and by means 
of it changed into stone the mon- 
ster sent to devour Andromeda the 
daughter of Cepheus. 

Uepae^ovn, ng, i], and Doric Uepue- 
(povd, ac, a. Proserpina, daughter 
of Ceres and Jupiter, carried off by 
Pluto as she was gathering flowers 
in the plain of Enna in Sicily. 

Tleparjc, ov, 6. A Persian. — ol Jlsp- 
aai, 1. The Persians, inhabitants 
of Persia. — 2. The name of one 
of the seven remaining plays of 
iEschylus. 

TlepclKbc, 7], ov (adj.). Persian. — 
Hepaliibc tiovtoc, the Persian Gulf. 

Hepoic, tdoc, i). Persis, a province 
of Persia, bounded by Media, 
Carmania, Susiana, and the Per- 
sian Gulf. 

izepvo-i (adverb from nipac). Last 
year. 

Trioou, Attic ttetto (older forms of 
ttekto), fut. 7rei/>(j, perf. pass. 
Tre7zep,uat. To boil or cook, to 
ripen, to digest. — To keep down. 

ttetelvov, ov, to (properly neuter of 
A a a2 



n.HM 

Trereivog). A winged creature, a 
bird. 

TrereLvoc, f), ov (adj. from neTO/j-at). 
Winged. 

nirofiat, fut. TreTr/ao/AiL, commonly 
TrrrjaofjiaL, sync. 2d aor. ETTTo/nnv, 
perf. act. ireTzrvKa, and 2d aor. 
act. eirrvv, from an obs. pies. act. 
To fly. 

irerpa, ac, r). A rock, a stone. 

Trerpaloc, a, ov (adj. from 7zirpa). 
Rocky, stony, growing among 
rocks. 

7reTpudr/c, eg (adj. from werpa, and 
eldog, appearance). Rocky, stony. 

ttettcj, Attic for tteggo). 

tzevktj, ng, i). A pine tree. 

tte(J)vov, without augment {ox£7r£<pvov, 
sync. 2d aor. with redupl. from the 
obsolete Qivu, to slay. I slew, I 
killed. 

Tcr) (interrogative particle from obs. 
nog). Whither? — ttv, as enclitic, 
anywhere, somewhere. 

TlrjyaGog, ov, 6. Pegasus, a winged 
horse, sprung from the blood of 
Medusa. He fixed his residence 
on Mount Helicon, where he be- 
came the favourite of the Muses. 

ntiyVi V c , V- A fountain, a spring, 
a source. 

TzrjyvvuL, fut. Trij^o, 2d aor. sirayov, 
perf. mid. Tr&rcnya, with neuter 
signification. To fix together, to 
make fast, to fasten, to construct, 
to stiffen, to freeze. — In the mid- 
dle, to become stiffened, to freeze, 
to become torpid. 

nnddo), ti, fut. -tJgo), perf. ireirridnKa. 
To jump, to bound, to spring. 

TTVKTig, idog, r) (from Trrjyvvut). A 
lyre. 

Iirj%Ei,dr/g, ov, 6 (patronymic from 
UnTievg). Son of Pelcus, an epi- 
thet of Achilles. 

UnlEvg, scog, 6. Peleus, the son of 
iEacus, was king of Thessaly. 
He married Thetis, one of the 
Nereids, by whom he had Achil- 
les. 

rcnXog, ov, 6. Clay, loam, mud, dung. 

TivTiovGLdKog, r), ov (adj.). Of Pelu- 
siurn, a city of Egypt on the east- 
ern mouth of the Nile. 

Tzfjua, arog, to (from 7ra<7£w, to suf~ 
557 



nin 

fer). An injury, damage, a mis- 
fortune, suffering. 

TrnviKd (adv. ). At what time, when. 

■xrfcig, sug, i) (from Trr/yviifxt). Con- 
gelation, ice, a freezing. 

irrjpa, ac, 7j. A wallet, a bag, a 
sack. 

-rrnpocj, u>, fut. -ugcx, perf. ireirr/pcdKa 
(from rrnpog, maimed). To maim, 
to mutilate,, to injure, to deprive of. 

nfjpoccc, Eug, i) (from nnpou). A 
maiming, mutilation, a plundering, 
deprivation, blindness. 

irijx v £> £CJ ?> °- Pf°perly, the elbow. 
■ — In poetry, the arm. — As a meas- 
ure, a cubit. 

nte^eo), £>, and tcie^u, fut. msou, 
perf. TTETTiena, perf. pass. TreTziea- 
fiai. To press, to squeeze, to press 
hard, to force. — Tue&pevog, hard 
pressed. 

TLiepia, ac, r). Pieria, a region of 
Macedonia, north of Thessaly, and 
extending along the Thermaic 
Gulf; celebrated as the first seat 
of the Muses. 

irl&avoc, r), ov (adj. from ttei-&o), to 
persuade). Persuasive, insinua- 
ting, courteous. 

Trl-d-rjKog, ov, 6. An ape. 

ni&og, ov, 6. A large vessel, a cask, 
a jar, a tub. 

micpog, a, ov (adj.). Bitter, sharp, 
piercing, painful. 

nlTiiov, ov, to (dim. of nlXog, a hat). 
A cap. 

nl/J.e2,7J, fjg, i) (from irZap, fat). Fat. 

■K'Hiekrig, ig (adj. from nlfieTirj). . Fat. 

irivaitig, Idog, r) (dim. from nival;, a 
board). A small board, a tablet 
(for writing), a painting. 

Hivdapog, ov, 6. Pindar, the most 
illustrious of lyric poets, born at 
Thebes B.C. 518. 

izivva, ng, r). The pinna or pearl- 
muscle. See note, page 55, line 
28-31. 

•nivvorripag, ov, 6 (from nivva, and 
Tnpiu*, to. preserve or keep). A 
pinnoteras. See note under nivv'a. 

Trivet, fut. iriofcat later iri&v/iat, 2d 
aor. StirZov, perf. (from obs. ttoo) 
TTETruna. To drink, to quaff, to 
sip. 

TUTrpdaKu, Ionic KLTrprjCKU, fut. and 
558 



IIAA 

aor. wanting, perf. ireirpaKa, 3d 
fut., as fut. pass., TTE-npdaofJ.aL. 
To sell. 

irlKTo, fut. Tceaovfiat, perf. ireivTUKa, 
2d aor. etceoov. To fall, to fall in 
battle, to perish. 

TUGTevco, fut. -evcq, perf. 7T£7u'o"m>/ca 
(from Txiarig, belief). To believe, 
to confide in, to trust, to rely on. 

it long, Eug, 7] (from irtorog). Belief, 
trust, good faith, reliance, per- 
suasion. 

JiiGTig, Eug, ?) (as proper name). 
Faith, a goddess worshipped by 
the Romans under the name of 
Fides. 

TTMJTog, rj, ov (adj.). Faithful, trust- 
worthy, confiding. — Credible, true. 

TTLTvnfiL, poetic for Treravvv/Ltt, fut. 
nsTdoot, 1st aor. kizETaoa, perf. 
pass. KETZTauai. To spread out. 
— In the middle, Trirvauai, imperf. 
poetic Turvaurjv, to stream. 

HtTTanog, ov, 6. Pittdcus, a native 
of Mytilene in Lesbos, one of the 
seven wise men of Greece. 

Ttirvpov, ov, to (from ittlggu, to hull 
barley). Bran, the hull of barley. 

motv, neut, 7Tiov, gen. iriovog (adj.). 
Fat, rich. 

rvAdyZog, a, ov (adj.). Oblique. — 
Equivocal. 

nTianoELq, oEVTog, contr. nTiaKOvg, 
ovvrog, 6 (from 7rAdf, aflat body). 
A cake. 

ILXdKog, ov, r). Placus, a mountain 
in Mysia. 

irlavdo), d, fut. -TjGu, perf. 7re7r2,uvn- 
na (from izTiavn, a wandering 
about). To cause to wander, to 
lead astray. — In the middle, to 
wander about, to go astray. 

rvldvog, n, ov (adj.). Wandering, 
deceitful. 

irlal;, dnog, t). A flat body, a board, 
a table, a mass of ore. 

TrAcaacj, Attic TrTidrrot, fut. izXu&id, 
perf. irETvldna. To form, to fash- 
ion, to figure, to mould (especially 
in clay, as an image or model). 

TzTiUGTng, ov, 6 (from TzTidGGo). An 
artist, a sculptor. 

TtTiaGTlicog, v, ov (adj. from TrXdcoit). 
Plastic. — Fem. as a noun, TrXaG- 
TZnr), fjg, i] (with te^vt] understood). 



IIAE 
The art of making images in clay 
ox plaster, the plastic art. 

U?MTeta, ac, 7), in prose more com- 
monly U?,aTacac, wv, at. Plat<zce, 
and Platcea, a city of Boeotia, in 
the neighbourhood of which the 
Persians were routed by the Athe- 
nians. 

irMruvog, ov, 7). The plane-tree. 

nAaTsZa, ac, rj (prop. fern, of 7rZaruf , 
with 666c understood). A spa- 
cious way, a broad, street. 

7rlaToc, eoc, to (from nAdrvg). 
Breadth, width. 

tt?mtto, Attic for irAdooo. 

7i?mtvvo), fut. -w<3, perf. TTEirAdrv yua 
(from tt7mtvc). To make broad, 
to widen, to spread out. 

iz?MTvg, eta, v (adj.). Broad, wide, 
spacious, flat. 

HMtov, uvog, 6. Plato, a distin- 
guished philosopher of Athens, 
disciple of Socrates, and founder 
of the Academy. See page siii. 

TtAeyjia, uroc, to (from ttIeku). 
That which has been twined or 
woven, cloth, a covering. 

Trlcd-pov, ov, to. A measure of a 
hundred feet, the sixth part of a 
stadium. 

ttXeictoc, r], ov, superl. of rroAvg. 
Most, &c. 

TDiSLOTuva!;, atiTog, 6. Plistonax, 
son of Pausanias, and general of 
the Lacedaemonian armies in the 
Peloponnesian war. 

nAeluv, neut. ttXeZov and ttAeov, 
gen. ovoc (adj. irreg. comp. to tto- 
Avg). More, greater. — etti tt?\,eZ- 
ov, to a greater degree (than oth- 
ers). — TtAsiovg and 7z?^elo, by sync. 
and contr. for ttXeIoveq or rrXeiovag 
and Tr?.Etova. 

nTiEKTiivn, nc, 7) (from ttAeku). A 
tress, a braid. — In the plural, the 
arms of the sea-polypus. 

ttXektoc, t], ov (adj. from ttAekcj). 
Twined, twisted, braided, plaited. 

ttAeku, fut. ttXs^o), perf. TreTrle^a. 
To knit, to weave, to intertwine, to 
fold, to construct, to arrange. 

nleovaKig (adv. from tt/Jov). Often. 

-kTieovoguoc, ov, 6 (from TzXeovd^u, to 
be more). Superfluity, abundance, 
excess, greatness. 



IIAO 

'xlcovEKTEte, u, fut. -rjou, perf. ireir- 
TiEOVEKTTjKa (from TrAe'ov, and t^w, 
to have). To have more, to seek 
to gain more, to be avaricious. 

irAeovegia, ac, i] (from ttAeov, and 
exo), to have). The desire of hav- 
ing more, avarice, cupidity. 

n^Evpd, dg, rj. The side. — Also, 

7Z?*£Vp6v, ov, TO. 

7T?J.u, fut. TiAEvaofiai,, perf. rciTtAevKa. 

To navigate, to sail, to be at sea. 
nXvyi], 7}c, i] (from -Irtooto, to strike). 

A blow, a wound. 
7c7S]-d-oc, eoc, to (from Tcifj.n?t.7//u, fut. 

7iA?]OG), to fill). A great number, 

a crowd, a multitude, abundance, 

extent. 
ttAt]$vc, vog, 7], Ionic for ttvI^oc, Eog, 

TO. 

7r?.rj$vcj and ^nd-vvu, fut. -vvfi, 
perf. TiSTv'X.ri&vyKa (from 7r?Sj-&og). 
To JUL— Neuter, to be fully to 
abound. 

ttA?/#6j, fut. irTuqaa, perf. mid. with 
pres. sign if. we^r/fta. To be full, 
to abound. — Active, to fill. 

TcAr/KTpov, ov, to (from ttAtjcco), to 
strike). Any instrument to strike 
with, a plectrum for striking the 
lyre, a quill for the same purpose, 
both made either of metal or ivory. 

7zA7ifxfj.vpig, iJoc, 77. A flood, an in- 
undation. 

tt?i7/v (from ttAeov), as prep, with 
gen. Above, besides, except. — As 
an adverb or conjunction, over 
and above, besides, unless, how- 
ever, but, yet. 

irAnpf/g, Eg (adj. from 7r?Jcg, full). 
Full, complete, abounding in. 

7T?.?jp6u, £), fut. -coGU), perf. tcettAt/pg)- 
na (from irhjprjg). To make full, 
to fill, to supply, to fulfil, to fit out. 

, a?J]Glog, a, ov (adj. from cre/lao, ne- 
?A&, to approach). That is near, 
contiguous, neighbouring. — 6 tt?it)- 
aiog, a neighbour. — Neuter as an 
adverb, ttAtjgiov, near. 

TTAT/OOO), Attic 7T?.7jTTCJ, fut. -Tj^CO, 

perf. 7Z£7TArix&> 2d aor. ETrAdyov 
and EnXyyov. To strike, to wound, 
to hit. — Perf. mid. -KEnhnya. 

itXiv&og, ov, 7). A brick, a tile. 

ttAolov, ov, to (from ttAccj, to sail). 
A ship. 

559 



noA 

ir?iOKduog, ov, 6 (from frleKu). A 
tress, braided hair.— The arms of 
the sea-polypus. 

rcloog, oov, contr. nlovg, ov, 6 (from 
7ivle<j, to sail). Navigation, a 
sailing, a voyage. 

tzXovoZoc, a, ov (adjective). Rich, 
wealthy. 

TLXovrEvg, iuc Ionic ijog, 6, poetic 
for HXovtuv. Pluto. 

7tXovteo), ti, fut. -t)gu, perf. tze- 
7r?iOVTT]Ka (from ttIovtoc). To be 
rich, to have in abundance, to be- 
come rich. 

'k^ovt'l^u, fut. -cgo, perf. ^ett Xovtikcc 
(from 7T?iovroc). To enrich, to 
make wealthy. 

, k\ovtIv6t]v (adverb, equivalent to 
Kara ttTiovtov). With reference 
to wealth. 

itTuovtoc, ov, 6 (from ttXeov or tzoTiv, 
and froc, a year). Originally, 
an abundant year. — Abundance, 
wealth, riches. 

UXovtoc, ov, 6. Plutus, the god of 
riches, son of Jasion and Ceres, 
represented as blind and with 
wings. 

UTiOVTuv, ovoc, 6. Pluto, a son of 
Saturn, received from his brother 
Jupiter the dominion of the under 
world. His queen was Proserpina 
the daughter of Ceres. 

ttTivvco, fut. TrTiVvu, perf. neTrTivna. 
To wash, to rinse, to wash away, 
to moisten. 

7v7iut6c, t), ov (adj. from ttIuo, epic 
and Ionic for ttXeco, to sail). Nav- 
igable. 

rrveio), poetic for ttveo. 

TTVEv/ua, drog, to (from -Kviu). Res- 
piration, breath, wind, the air, a 
breeze. — The spirit. 

TTVEO), fut. TTVeVGG), perf. 7T£TTVEVKa. 

To blow, to breathe, to exhale. 
TTvlyu, fut. irvi^o), perf. irETcvlxa, 2d 

aor. pass, kirviynv. To strangle, 

to suffocate, to drown. 
7r6a, ag, t). Grass, herbage. 
TToddpuvg, sg (adj. from irovg, a foot, 

and apKEO), to suffice). Sufficing 

with the feet. — Strong of foot, 

swift-footed. 
7Tod6n£ca, ag, r) (from Tcodunrjg). 

Swiftness of foot, speed in running. 
560 



noi 

rcodtjung, eg (adj. from novg, a foot, 
and loKvg, swift). Swift of foot, 
fleet, rapid. 

7TO-&EV (adv. from ttov, with ending 
■&EV, denoting motion from). From 
what place, whence. 

TroftEG), €>, fut. -ego commonly -t)gu, 
perf. TrETro&nKa (from Tro-&og). To 
desire ardently, to long for, to re- 
gret, to feel the absence of, to mourn 
for. 

iv6-&og, ov, 6. Desire, a passionate 
longing, love, regret, demonstra- 
tion of regret. 

not (interrogative adverb). Where? 
whither ? 

ttoieo), £), fut. -rjacj, perf. TZETToLrjua. 
To make, to do, to perform, to ef- 
fect, to cause, to prepare. — Ka/cug 
noLElv, to treat ill, to injure. — In 
the middle, to make for one's self, 
to regard as. 

TTOin/na, drog, to (from tvoleco). Any- 
thing made, a work, commonly a 
poem. 

TtOLyrrjg, ov, 6 (from ttouo). A ma- 
ker, a creator, commonly a poet. 

noinTCKog, t), ov (adj. from ttoleu). 
Capable of making, efficient, po- 
etical, adapted to poetry. — As a 
noun, ri ttoctjtlkt} (texvv under- 
stood), the poetic art. 

TTOLKiXia, ag, r) (from ttolkIXXo). 
Embroidery, variety, diversity. 

'KOiKiXka, fut. -IXC), perf. ttekolkl Tina 
(from TtOLKtlog). To variegate, to 
diversify, to vary, to ornament. 

iroi.Ki?i/j.a, drog, to (from koiklaTiu), 
An embroidered tissue, ornament. 

Troinllog, n, ov (adj.). Variegated, 
diversified, varied, adorned. 

Trouukug (adv. from noinllog). In 
a diversified manner, variously, 
confusedly. 

7TOLjLiaLvo), fut. -fidvC), perf. TTETroiuay- 
Ka (from tcoiut)p). To pasture 
cattle, to tend the herds. 

TcoiusviKog, t), ov (adj. from Tcoififjv). 
Pertaining to shepherds or herds- 
men, pastoral. 

TToifirjv, ivog, 6. A shepherd. 

iroifivT), ng, r). A flock, a herd. 

iroiuviov, ov, to (syncopated from 
TroLfiEVLOv, which from ttol^v). 
A flock. 



noA 

TcoiVTj, ijg, 7] (from the obsolete tyivo, 
to kill). Properly, compensation 
for a homicide. — Hence, satisfac- 
tion, retaliation, punishment, a 
penalty. 

nroiog, a, ov (adj. from the obsolete 
nog). Of what kind ? what 1 of 
what size ? how large 1 

TTOtirvvo), imperf. without augment 
Tzoiirvvov (from irveu, -KEirvvjiaL, 
with reduplication in oi), fut. 7roi7r- 
vvoo. To be busily occupied, to 
hurry about, to minister, to attend 
upon. 

noTiefxeu, u, fut. -rjou, perf. ireTroXejU- 
7}K.a (from iroXe/xog). To wage 
war with, to carry on a war, to 
attack, to invade. 

TroTiefxi^o), fut. -lao), perf. Tre-KoTisfjuiia 
(from TroXep-oq). To make war 
upon, to wage war, to attack in 
battle, to contend. 

TrolsfiLKog, 7j, ov (adj. from TroXepog). 
Warlike, adapted to warlike pur- 
poses. 

TroMjuIoc, a, ov (adj. from tc6Xe[xoc). 
Warlike. — More commonly, hos- 
tile, inimical. — As a noun, iroMfi- 
Toc, ov, 6, an enemy. — ol woXefiiot, 
the enemy. See kx&pog for the dis- 
tinction between ex&pog and 7ro- 
2,8 ft ioc. 

TroXejioc, ov, 6. War, battle. 

noXto&pct;, gen. iroXiorplxog (adj. 
from noXcog, gray, and d-pl^, hair). 
Gray-haired. 

Troltopnio, &, fut. -yaofiai (from tto- 
Aig, and elpfvvfit, to shut in). To 
invest a city, to besiege a city. 

TtoTiLopunTrjg, ov, 6 (from TroliopKeo). 
A besieger of cities, a taker of 
cities. — As a proper name, Polior- 
cetes, a surname of Demetrius. 

noXtopnia, ag, rj (from TroliopKeu). 
The investment of a city, a 



Trolcog, a, ov (adj.). Gray, hoary. 

ixokig, eug, Ion. log, epic yog, rj. A 
city, a state, a community. 

TToTdrsia, ag, ?/ (from TzoTCLrevo). 
The management of public affairs, 
the: constitution of a state, a form 
of government, a political career, 
public life. 

•KoXirevfia, arog, to (from tto/Htevu). 



noA 

Administration of public affairs, a 
constitution. 

TToXirevo), fut. -evccj, perf. tce-koXL- 
T£vna (from noXlrrjg). To be a, 
citizen, to manage public affairs. 
— More commonly in the middle, 
7ro?UTevo/j,ac, to take part in public 
affairs, to manage state affairs, to 
be a politician. 

noTdrng, ov, 6 (from n6?ug). A citi- 
zen. 

noMrlKog, rj, ov (adj. from 7ro?uTng). 
Becoming in a citizen, suitable or 
belonging to a statesman, of a city 
or state, municipal. — to. ttoAitlku, 
state affairs, politics. 

7roXlTLKci)g (adv. from TroMTiKog). 
Under a regular form of govern- 
ment, in organized society. 

nollatag and poetic tcoXXukl (adv. 
from TzoTivg). Often, frequently. 

TtoX'ka'x'kuGlog, a, ov, and og, ov 
(adj.). Manifold, much greater, 
much more, many more. 

tto1?mtc?mo-lcjv, ov (adj.), same as 
the preceding. 

noTCkuxov (adv. from izo'X.vg). In 
many places, in many ways. 

TvoTivdvdplov, ov, to (from Tto'Xvg , and 
uvrjp, a man). A place where 
many people assemble. — Hence, 
the public cemetery. 

TroXvav^puTrta, ag, ij (from iroXvav- 
■&poirog). A vast concourse of 
people, population. 

TCohvdv&pwKog, ov (adj. from TroTivg, 
and avd-puirog, a man). Throng- 
ed with men, populous. 

Tro?Mavx£vog, ov (adj. from vroXvg, 
and avxrjv, a neck). Many-necked. 

Uo?iv6tuSng, ov, 6. Polybiades, fa- 
ther of Nauclides. 

■KoTivyovog, ov (adj. from ivoXvg, and 
yovog, offspring). Very fruitful, 
productive, prolific. 

TTolvSaiddXog, ov (adj. from TroXvg, 
and daidalog, curiously wrought). 
Curiously wrought, highly orna- 
mented. 

TToXvdaupvg, v, and TroXvdaKpvTog, ov 
(adj. from iroXvg, and ddicpv, a 
tear). Shedding many a tear, 
weeping profusely. — Passive, wept 
with many a tear, deeply lamented. 

7VO?.vdeipdg, gen. ddog (adj. from tco- 
561 



noA 

7wg, and deipy, the neck, also a 
summit). Many-peaked. 

TroXvdcjpog, ov (adj. from TzoXvg, and 
dupov, a gift). That has received 
rich gifts. — Rich-dowered. 

UolvevKTOC, ov, 6. Polyeuctus, a 
public speaker at Athens, in the 
time of Demosthenes. 

TTolvn'kavGTos, ov (adj. from irolvc, 
and Klaiu, to weep). Loudly la- 
menting. — Passive, much lament- 
ed, deeply deplored. 

TToXvKoipdvca, ag, Ion. Trolvnoipaviy, 
yg, y (from ttoXvc, and noipdvog, a 
ruler). A plurality of rulers, the 
government of the many. 

ILoTivKparyg, cog, 6. Polycrates, a 
tyrant of Samos, at whose court 
Anacreon resided for some time. 

TToTivfJLa-d-fjc, eg (adj. from iroXvc, and 
fia&eiv, 2d aor. inf. of uav&dvo), 
to learn). Very learned. 

Trolvuddta, ac, y (from noXvfid'&yg). 
Extensive learning. 

Tlolvfivia, ac, y (from irolvg, and 
v/livoc, a song). Polymnia or Pol- 
yhymnia, one of the nine Muses. 
She presided over eloquence. 

Holvtjevy, yg, y. Polyxena, a daugh- 
ter of Priam and Hecuba, immola- 
ted at the tomb of Achilles by his 
son Neoptolemus. 

7ro?iv6fj,/j.uTog, ov(adj. from noTivg, and 
o/ifia, an eye). Many-eyed. 

TZoTiv'Kovg, gen. -nodog, 6 (from tto- 
Xvg, and irovg, a foot). A poly- 
pus. 

TtoXvg, izoXky, rroTiv (adj.). Much, 
many, large, abundant. — In the 
plural, ol TtolTioi, the many, the 
multitude. — Neuter as an adverb, 
iroTiv, much, very, by far. — tvo7Jv 
fiuTikov, much more, rather. — Also 
with the article, ra noXka and to 
tzoTiv, mostly, for the most part ; 
frequently. — Comparative ttXsuv, 
ov, and nXecuv, ov. — Superlative 
TzTieloTog, y, ov, most, &c. 

TToXvaapKta, ag, y (from iroTivg, and 
cap!;, flesh). Abundance of flesh, 
corpulence. 

HolvoTrepXuv, ovrog, 6. Polysper- 
chon, one of the officers of Alex- 
ander. Anti pater, at his death, 
appointed him governor of the 
562 



IION 
kingdom of Macedonia in prefer- 
ence to his own son Cassander. 

TToXvareyog, ov (adj. from irohvg, 
and ariyy, a roof, a chamber). 
Well- covered. — Having numerous 
apartments. 

TrolvGTvXog, ov (adj. from 7to/^vg, 
and arvTiog, a pillar). Many -pil- 
lared, having numerous pillars. 

'KoXvrakavrog, ov (adj. from rcoXvg, 
and TaXavTov, a talent). Worth 
many talents. 

TroXvTenvog, ov(adj. from iroXvg, and 
t£kvov, a child). Having many 
children, prolific. 

7ro2,VT£Xeia, ag, y (from TTO?a<re?ir/g). 
Great expense, pomp, magnifi- 
cence, sumptuousness . 

TzoXvTtkyg, eg (adj. from iroXvg, and 
TeTiog, expense). Costly, precious, 
sumptuous, of great value. 

TloTiixprj^Log, ov, 6. Polyphemus, one 
of the Cyclopes, a son of Neptune 
and Thoosa. He dwelt on the 
coast of Sicily. 

7rolv(j)0)vog, ov (adj. from noTivg, and 
<j)tovy, a voice). Many-voiced, lo- 
quacious. 

7fo%vxG)pog, ov (adj. from noAvg, and 
%(j>pa, a region). Very capacious, 
spacious. 

TTO/na, drog, to (from irlvo, to drink, 
perf. pass, ntnouai). Drink. 

7ro/j.7zevo), fut. -£VGO), perf. TceTro/nrev- 
na (from ttouttv). To make a sol- 
emn procession, to march in solemn 
procession. 

nofiTT^, yg, y (from neuiro), to send). 
The act of sending. — A solemn 
procession, a procession. 

UouTvyiog, ov, 6. Pompey, a famous 
Roman commander, the opponent 
of Csesar in the civil wars, and 
defeated by him in the decisive 
battle of Pharsalia. 

Tzo[nrog, ov, 6 (from 7T£fj.7T0), to send). 
A conductor, an attendant. 

7rove(o, £>, fut. -you, perf. Tceirovyica 
(from 7t6vog). To work out.— 
Neuter, to labour, to toil at, to be 
weary, to be exhausted, to.be worn 
down, to give way, to be insecure. 

■xovypia, ag, y (from rrovypog). Bad- 
ness, a bad condition, wickedness. 

novypog, a, qv (adj. from noveu). 



nop 

Wretched, evil, wicked, miserable, 
useless. — Causing distress. 

TrovvpCog (adv. from Trovrjpog). In 
bad circumstances, wretchedly, 
badly. 

novog, ov, 6 (from Trivo/iai, to work). 
Work, labour, toil, fatigue, dis- 
tress. 

ILovtZkov, ov, to (rreluyoc). The 
Euxine Sea, now called the Black 
Sea. 

7tovtlk6c, rj, ov (adj. from ttovtoc). 
Of or belonging to the sea, marine. 
— Of the Euxine. 

ttovtoc, ov, 6. The sea. 

TxovToq, ov,6 (Eiit-eivog). The Eux- 
ine or Black Sea. 

ttottuvov, ov, to (from ttettto), to cook). 
A sacrificial cake. 

iropeia, ag, r) (from Tropevu). A de- 
parture, a passage, a journey, a 
way, a route. 

TTopevo), fut. -evaa, perf. izenopevKa 
(from Tropoc). To cause to go, to 
convey, to transport. — In the mid- 
dle, to cause one's self to go, to go, 
to set out, to travel. 

7rop-&ecj, €>, fut. -7JGG), perf. iT£7r6p-&7]- 
na (from nep-d-u, to lay waste). 
To lay waste, to devastate, to plun- 
der. 

nop'&fj.evc, etoc, 6 (from Troptifievco, to 
ferry over). A ferryman. 

7rop-&fj.6c, ov, 6. A strait (over which 
there is a passage or ferry). 

Tropoc, ov, 6 (from Trslpu, to pass, 
perf. mid. Treiropa). A passage. 

Troppo (adv. from ttqo). Tov-ards, 
farther on, far, afar off, remotely. 
— Comp. 'Kopp'uTEpo, superlative 

TTOppWTUTG). 

TToppw&ev (adv. from Tr6pp"c>, with 
ending -&ev, denoting motion from). 
From afar, from a distance, in the 
distance. 

TToprig, log, r). A calf, a heifer. 

TTopQvpeoc, ea, eov, contr. ovg , a, ovv 
(adj. from iroptyvpa, the shellfish 
yielding the purple colouring mat- 
ter). Purple, crimson. 

Tvopfyvpic, l6og, 7) (from the same). 
A purple garment or robe. 

nopo), obs. in the present, from which 
remains in use 2d aor. Eiropov, inf. 
Tiopelv, part, rropuv, &c. (from 



noT 

Tropoc). To give, to furnish, to 
provide, to present with. 

ILoo-eiduv, tivoc, 6. Neptune, called 
by the Greeks Posidon, a son of 
Saturn and Ops. He received, on 
the dethronement of his father, the 
dominion of the sea as his portion. 

TTOoiq, eog, r) (from ttZvcj, to drink; 
perf. pass, ireirofiat). A drink- 
ing, drink. 

ttocsic, eoc Ionic cog, 6. A husband, 
a spouse. 

Troaog, v, ov (adj.). How much? 
how large ? of what value ? — ttogu, 
by how much ? — In plural, ttogol, 
how many 1 

Txoaafjiiap (adv. from Troaog, and 
t) fiap, a day). How many days ? 

TTOTajuog, a, ov (adj. from TroTa/uog). 
Dwelling in rivers, an inhabitant 
of the water. 

TroTa[i6g, ov, 6. A river. 

TroTdofiac, djiat, fut. -rjaofcac, perf. 
TreiroTrntai (a poetic form of tteto- 
fiai). To fly, to wing its flight. 

ttote (interrog. adv. from obs. irog). 
Wlten ? at what time ? — Not inter- 
rogative, ttote, on a certain time, 
once, ever, some time or other, at 
times, perhaps, haply. — ttote .... 
Trore, now .... now. 

TTOTEpog, a, ov (pron. from obs. irog, 
and ETEpog, the other of two). 
Which of the two 1 — Neut. as adv., 
TTOTEpov, whether? 

ttot'l, Doric for rrpbg. 

HoTtdaca, ag, y. Potid-aa, a city of 
Macedonia, founded by the Corin- 
thians. 

■KOTfiog, ov, 6 (from ttittto), to fall). 
What befalls one, fate, destiny, 
death, lot. 

TTOTvia, ag, r) (adj. used only in fern., 
and applied to women as a title of 
respect). Revered, honoured. — 
As a noun, a sovereign, a mistress. 

ttotov, ov, to (from ttcvo), to drink). 
Drink. 

TTOTog, ov, 6 (from the same). A 
drinking, drink, a drinking in com- 
pany, a bacchanalian festival. 

TTorbg, r), ov (verbal adj. from tt'lvu). 
Potable, fit to drink. — <pap[iaKOV 
ttotov, medicinal drink, a potion, 
medicine. 

563 



hpe 

irov (interrog. adv. from obs. iroc). 
Where 1 in what place ? — tcov, as 
enclitic, somewhere, almost, any- 
where. — fj Troy. See note, page 
78, line 13. 
7rovc, Trofioc, 6. Thefoot. — ek irodbc, 
on his very footsteps, closely. — 
ivpbc Troda, into feet (into metre). 

npdyfia, utoc, to (from Trpdaao), to 
do). A deed, an act, an affair, a 
business, a thing. — ret 7rpdy/j.aTa, 
public property. 

"Trpaj/jtaTeta, ag, i) (from 7rpayp,drevo- 
fiat, to prosecute any undertaking). 
Prosecution or management of any 
business. — Business, occupation, 
trouble, an undertaking. 

TrpaKTiKog, 7], bv (adj. from rrpdo-Gcj, 
to do). Capable of, or qualified 
for action, practical, efficient, active. 

irpdv, Doric for reply (adv.). For- 
merly, in former days. 

Trpa^tc, euc, i] (from Trpdaao). A 
deed, an act, performance, a per- 
forming, an exploit. 

Tpdoc, ov, and repdoc, ov (adj.). 
Mild, gentle, soft, tame. 

TrpdoTnc, nroc, and irpaorrjc, nroc, r) 
(from the preceding). Gentleness, 
mildness. 

TrpdooG), Attic irpdrru, fat. irpd^u, 
perf. TreTxpdxa, 2d aor. eizpayov, 
perf. mid. neirpaya. To do, to 
act, to perform, to manage, to pur- 
sue, to effect. — Neuter, to be in a 
certain state or condition ; as, ev 
Ttpdaoeiv, to be fortunate, to fare 
well. — tl TTpdaaei, how fares. 

repdve, eta, v (adj.). Soft, mild, gen- 
tle, tame. 

Trpauc and repdug (adv. from izpdog). 
Softly, mildly, gently, politely, 
humanely. 

irpeTTu. To be distinguished, to be 
prominent. — To become, to suit. — 
Often impersonal, irpiiiEL, it is fit- 
ting, it becomes, it is becoming, it 
relates. — Neuter part., to Tvpifvov, 
what is becoming. 

'xpec&EVTJic, ov, 6 (from Trpeadevu). 
An ambassador, a deputy. 

7rpEo6eva), fut. -evou, perf. 7reTrpea- 
6evica (from TTpeo6vc). To be an 
ambassador, to go on an embassy. 

Ttpeo&vc., vog and. ewe, 6. — As an ad- 
564 



npo 

jective, old, ancient; hence, ven- 
erable or revered, esteemed. — As a 
noun, an old man, an elder ; hence, 
an ambassador, a deputy (old men 
being originally selected for such 
offices). 
TrpecfivTr/c, ov, 6. An old man, an 

elder. 
7rpjj^ic, eog, Ionic for rrpd^ic, ewe, #. 

An action, avail, &c. 
7rpr}aau, Ionic for Trpdaao. 
irpiufiat, not used in the present ; 
from it remains in use only enpia- 
firjv, as 1st aor. mid. to uveouai, 
subj. irpiojfiai, opt. Trptacunv, imp. 
Trpidau, npco), 3d sing. Trpidcd-u, 
&c, inf. Trpiaod-at, part, irpidfie- 
voc. To buy, to purchase. 
Upld/Lioc, ov, 6. Priam, the last king 
of Troy, was son of Laomedon 
and father of Hector. During his 
reign Troy was attacked by the 
Greeks, and, after a ten years' 
war, was destroyed, Priam him- 
self being slain by Pyrrhus, the 
son of Achilles. 
npiv (adv.). Before, sooner, previ- 
ously, before that. — irplv y, before 
that, sooner than, 
npb (prep.), governs the genitive 
only. Primitive meaning, before. 
— In the relation of place, before, 
in front of. — Of time, before, prior 
to. — Of the occasion or cause, for, 
on account of, because of. — Also, 
more than, rather than, in prefer- 
ence to, in the place of. — In com- 
position it denotes, before, for, in- 
stead of, in front of, forward, &c. 
npoayopevu, fut. -evcu, &c. (from 
Tcpb, and dyopevo, to announce). 
To announce beforehand, to fore- 
tell. 
TTpodyu, fut. -a£w, &c. (from Trpo, 
before, and dyu, to lead). To lead 
onward, to convey to, to advance 
before, to precede, to urge on. 
Tcpoaipeoie, euc, rj (from Trpoatpso). 
A premeditated purpose, a resolve, 
a design, an intention. 
Trpoatpeo), G>, fut. -f}o~o, &c. (from 
TTpo, forth, and alpeu, to take). To 
take forth from, to take beforehand, 
to select, to undertake. — In the 
middle, to take for one's self in 



npo 

preference, to prefer. — To resolve 
upon (after previous deliberation), 
to determine. 

npoaLcr&dvouat, fut. -atad-ijcropaL, 
&c. (from npo, before, and ala- 
■&dvo/j,ac, to perceive). To per- 
ceive beforehand, to foresee. 

npoavaaelu, fut. -aeiau, perf. 7rpo- 
avacreaeiKa (from npo, before, dvd, 
aloft, and aeio, to shake). To 
brandish before one. 

TcpoaoTELOv, ov, to (from npo, in 
front of, and darv, a city). A 
house in the suburbs. — rd npoda- 
reta, the suburbs. 

irpoSaivo), fut. -6rjao[iat, &c. (from 
npo, before, and fiaivu, to go). To 
go forward, to advance, to sur- 
pass. 

TTpo6dXXo), fut. -6ulu, &c. (from 
npo, before, and ^aXku, to cast). 
To cast before, to place before, to 
bring forward, to propose. — to 
npo6^n-&ev, the thing proposed for 
consideration. 

np66drov, ov, to (from npoBaivu). A 
sheep. — Properly, any four-footed 
animal, especially a domestic one. 

npo6Z6d£o), fut. -dao, perf. npo6e6c6- 
dua (from npo, before, and (3i6d&, 
to carry). To carry forward, to 
advance, to push forward. 

npo6Xr/g, gen. yroc (adj. from npo- 
6dX2,u). Cast forward, project- 
ing. 

TrpoBocaic, idoc, rj. The proboscis 
or trunk (of an elephant). 

npoyiyvouai, fut. -ysvrjoouai, &c. 
(from npo, before, and yiyvouai, 
to be). To exist before, to pre- 
cede, to go before. — ol npoyeyev- 
vfievoL, the men of former times, 
ancestors. 

npoyovoq, ov, 6 (from npoyiyvouai). 
An ancestor, a forefather. 

npodeinvvui, fut. -<5afcj, &c. (from 
npo, before, and delnvvuc, to show). 
To hold up in front of, to exhibit 
in public, to show beforehand. 

npodf/hog (adv. from npoSnTioc, man- 
ifest). Manifestly, evidently, pub- 
licly. 

npodta6aivo, fut. -Bijaouai, &c. (from 
npo, before, and 6ta6aivo), to cross). 
To cross before, to pass over first. 
B B b 



UPO 

npodiduGKu, fut. -ago, &c. (from 
npo, before, and 6l6ugko), to teach). 
To teach beforehand or previously. 

npodldcjui, fut. npoddxyo), &c. (from 
npo, before, and diduut, to give). 
To give before or in front of, to 
give over unto, to betray. 

npodounc, ov, 6 (from npo, before, 
and 66/j,og, a house). A vestibule, 
a porch (in the front of a house). 

npodooia, ag, 77 (from npodidufic). 
Treachery, a betrayal. 

npofioTve, ov, 6 (from npodidupi). 
A traitor, a betrayer. 

npoetp.1, fut. -eiaouat, &c. (from npo, 
before, and el/u, to go). To go 
before, to precede, to lead the way, 
to advance. 

npoetjavioTdftat, fut. -avacTT/cro/iac, 
&c. (from npo, before, and the 
middle voice of k^aviaTrjfiL, to 
arise and go forth). To rise up 
and start before the time. 

npoepeo), Ion., and npoeptj, Att., fut. 
from a present not in use (from 
npo, before, and epeu, kpu, I will 
say). I will foretell, I will relate 
beforehand. See kpu. — 6 npoet- 
pviievog, the aforesaid. 

npoepxojiai, fut. -eTievaouat, &c. 
(from npo, before, and epxofiac, to 
go). To go forward, to move on- 
ward, to advance, to proceed, to 
come forth, to appear in public. 

npoex^, fut. -efw and -oxvou, &c. 
(from npo, before, and ex<J, to 
have). To have or hold before, to 
surpass, to excel, to have the ad- 
vantage. 

npofjKCd, fut. -rj^co, &c. (from npo, 
before, and tjkco, to go). To go 
before, to precede, to advance. 

npohiu, fut. -d-evaouai, &c. (from 
npo, before, and •&eu, to run). To 
run before, to run fomcard, to out- 
run. 

npod-vuia, ag, rj (from npodvpog). 
Willingness, activity, zeal. 

npod-vuog, ov (adj. from npo, before, 
and tivfiog, spirit). Willing, pre- 
pared, eager, ready, disposed. 

npo&vuog (adv. from npotivuog). 
Willingly, eagerly, readily. 

npoidnro), fut. -drpu, &c. (from npo, 
before, and IdnTu, to hurl). To 
565 



npo 

hurl forward, to send away, to send 
before the time or prematurely. 

irpoirjfii, fut. Tzpofjcu, &e. (from izpo, 
before, and infit, to send). To 
send forward, to yield or give up, 
to abandon. — In the middle, to 
send forth for one's self, to emit. 

trpolKa (adv. from itpot^, a gift). 
Gratis, without pay. 

rrpocarnpi, fut. TrpooT^co), &c. (from 
Trpo, before, and larrifii, to place). 
To place before, to propose. — 
Neuter, in the perf. and 2d aor., 
to stand in front of (to shield from 
harm), to defend. — 6 npoEoruc, 
an overseer. 

TTpoKa&r)[J.ai, &c. (from irpo, before, 
and Ku/d-nfiai, to sit). To sit down 
before. 

irpoKuAeo, o), fut. -koXego, &c. (from 
7rpd, forth, and naleo, to call). 
To call forth, to summon. — In the 
middle, to challenge, i. e., to call 
forth for one's self. 

irponuTiVfifxa, aroc, to (from npoKa- 
7iV77Tu, to place before in order to 
conceal). Anything placed before 
for concealment. — Hence, a screen, 
a covering, a veil. 

irpoKaraicXivu, fut. -kTuvu, &c. (from 
'irpo, before, and KaTaK?dvo), to 
cause to recline at table). To 
cause to recline at table in a higher 
place. — In the middle, to recline at 
table in a higher place or before. 

TrpoKaraXa/LiSuvco, fut. -Tif/ipo/Ltai, &c. 
(from npo, before, and Kara?iafj.6d- 
vo, to seize upon). To seize xipon 
beforehand, to anticipate, to seize 
before. 

TrpoKeljiai, fut. -Ketaopai, &c. (from 
irpo, before, and Ketuai, to lie). 
To lie before, to be exposed. 

IlpoKvn, nc, h. Procne, a daughter 
of Pandion, king of Athens, and 
wife of Tereus. She was changed 
into a nightingale. 

irpoKOTTTO), fut. -koijjo, &c. (from irpo, 
before, and ko7ttgj, to cut). Lit- 
erally, to cut a way forward. — 
Hence, to advance, to make prog- 
ress. 

trpoKplvu, future -nptvC), &c. (from 
Trpo, before, and uplvu, to choose). 
To choose in preference, to prefer. 
566 



npo 

irpoKvirru, fut. -Kinpo), &c. (from 
Trpo, before, and kvtttu, to bend 
down). To bend forward over, to 
project, to look out of, to put forth 
the head from. 

Ttponcdn-oe, ov (adj. from 7rpo, in front 
of, and kuttv, a handle). Held by 
the handle, ready for the onset. 

TTpoXsjo), fut. -Xefja), &c. (from 7rpo, 
before, and Tieyu, to say). To 
foretell, to predict, to divulge, to 
tell beforehand. 

Tcpop-avrevo/aai, fut. -evaofiai, &c. 
(from 7rpo, before, and fj.avTevop.ai, 
to prophesy). To prophesy be- 
forehand, to predict, to foretell. 

rcpojiavTic, euc, 6 and ij (from 7rpo, 
before, and fidvric, a diviner). 
One who foretells future things, a 
prophet, a soothsayer, the one that 
delivers oracles. — As an adjective, 
having the gift of prophecy. 

Upofiaxoc, ov, 6. Promachus, a 
brother of Jason. 

Tipo/j,r/-&Ei.a, ac, rj (from Trpoprf&^c, 
provident). Forethought, precau- 
tion, providence, care. 

7rpof27j-&eo/j,ai, ovfiai, fut. -rjoofiai 
(from Tcpoprf&ric, concerned about). 
To care for. 

TLpojin-d-evc, eoc, 6. Prometheus, a 
son of lapetus, and one of the Ti- 
tan race. He stole fire from the 
chariot of the sun, for which of- 
fence he was condemned to be 
chained to Mount Caucasus for 
thirtv thousand years, with a vul- 
ture preying on his liver, which 
was renewed as fast as consumed. 
He was freed by Hercules after he 
had been in this situation many 
ages. ( 

, Kpovrixo\iai, fut. -vff^opai, &c. (from 
7rpd, before, and vrjxofjat, to swim). 
To swim before. 

irpovoeo), c5, fut. -vor/au, &c. (from 
7rpo, before, and voeo>, to consider). 
To consider beforehand. — In the 
middle, to provide for, to take care 
of 

■Kpovoia, ac, r} (from npovoeo)). 
Previous consideration, fore- 
thought, prudence, providence, 
foresight. 

TrpoodoLtropiu, w, fut. -fjocd, &c. (from 



npo 

7rpo, before, and bdoL-opeu, to 
travel). To travel before, to pre- 
cede. 

Trpooluiov, ov, to (from Trpo, before, 
and oluoc, a song). A prelude, an 
exordium, an introduction. 

irpo~dpoi-&£ (adv. from Trpo, intens., 
and Trupoide, before). Before. 

rrpoTTuax^, fut. -ireiaouai, &c. (from 
Trpo, before, and ttuct^o, to suffer). 
To suffer before, to be previously 
acted upon. 

TTpOTT£{l7T(0, fut. -TTEfllpG), &C. (from 

Trpo, before, and jtcuttw, to send). 
To send forward, to convey on its 
ivay, to escort, to conduct, to ac- 
company. 

xpo—r/duu, d>, fut. -?7cr6j, &c. (from 
Trpo, before, and TrnSdu, to bound). 
To bound forward, to spring in 
front of. 

77po7rn/,u.Ki^u, fut. -Zoo (from Trpo, 
intens., and TcqkaxjJCjU (from kt]?>6c, 
mud), to trample in the mud). 
Properly, to fling into and trample 
on in the mire. — Hence, to treat 
with contempt, to abuse, to sliglit, 
to insult. 

irpOTrlvtJ, fut. --nlouai. Sze. (from rrpd, 

before, and ttIvcj, to drink). To 
drink before, to quaff before. 

irpofipi&g, ov (adj. from Trpo, forth, 
and piCa, a root). With the roots, 
from the foundations. 

"npoc (prep.), governs the genitive, 
dative, and accusative. — "With the 
genitive, from, of , for the sake of, 
on account of, in respect to, by. — 
With the dative, in addition to, 
besides, xcith, before, at, upon. — 
With the accusative, to, at, to- 
wards, against, with reference to, 
in comparison with, by, tvith. — 
Trpoc i'TvepBo/jv, to excess. — rrpbg 
TiOAvv xpovov, for a long time. — 
Trpdc Kacpov, for a time, for the 
moment. — In composition it gen- 
erally signifies, in addition to, over 
and above, besides or against, 
unto, and often merely strengthens 
the simple verb. 

vrpooayyi/./.u), fut. -ayyeld), &c. 
(from Trpoc, and dyye/./.u, to an- 
nounce). To carry intelligence to, 
to announce to. 



JTPO 
Trpoaayopevu, fut. -evcu, &c. (from 

Trpoc, unto, and dyopevu, to speak). 

To address, to accost, to salute by 

name, to name, to style. 
Trpoodyo), fut. -uJ-u, &c. (from Trpoc, 

unto, and dya>, to lead). To lead 

to, to admit, to introduce, to offer 

u?ito, to apply, to move to. — In the 

middle, to draw unto one's self, to 

testify regard for. 
Tzpoaauvvu, fut. -auvvu, &c. (from 

rrpog, unto, and uuvvu, to defend). 

To come unto in order to defend, 

to come to the aid of. 
npoad-rc), fut. -dibu, &c. (from Kpoe, 

to, and U7TTU, to fasten). To 

fasten to, to apply, to attribute. 
-poGaprdu, u, fut. -fjou, &c. (from 

■npoc, unto, and dprdu, to join). 

To attach to, to bind to, to unite, to 

connect 
Trpoaavddo), u, fut. -avdrjcu, perf. 

Trpocnvdnna (from Trpoc, to, and 

ai'ddo, to speak). To speak to, to 

address. 
TrpooSd/./.G), fut. -6d?uj, &c. (from 

Trpoc, to, and ,5a/,/ 1 . w, to cast). To 

cast to, to put to, to contribute unto. 

— To run into (as a vessel into 
port). 

TrpocBdaig, eac, fj (from TrpooBaivo, 
to approach). Access, approach, 
an entrance, a doorway. 

TrpoaBoppoc, ov (adj. from Trpoc, to- 
wards, and fiopeac, the north). 
Situated towards the north, north- 
ern. 

■n-p6o->/eioc, ov (adj. from Trpoc, to- 
wards, and yea, yij, the earth). 
Near the earth, towards the land. 

-npooyiyvouai, fut. -yev/joouai, &c. 
(from Trpoc, in addition, and yiy- 
vouat, to be). To be added, to 
occur in addition. 

Trpoaypddu, fut. -ypdxjju, &c. (from 
Trpoc, in addition, and ypdou, to 
write). To write in addition, to 
add unto (a decree, or writing of 
any kind). 

Tzpoadeouai, future -6er t aouaL, &c. 
(from Trpoc "* addition, and 6eo- 
uat, to need). To need besides, to 
feel additional need, to be in great 
want. 

Tzpoadixouai, future -digouai, &c. 
567 



npo 

(from irpog, in addition, and 5ex°- 
fiai, to receive). To receive in ad- 
dition, to take up, to admit farther, 
to await. 

irpoGdidto/it, fut. -dtoGco, &c. (from 
rcpog, in addition, and didcofit, to 
give). To give in addition, to 
impart. 

TcpoodoK.au, to, fut. -donyoto, perf. 
TrpocdedoKntca (from irpog, in ad- 
dition, and doicato, obsolete, for 
dotiEvto, to lie in wait). To wait 
for still longer, to expect besides, 
to await, to hope. 

Trpooedpevu, fut. -evoco (from irpog, 
near, and sSpa, a seat). To sit 
near or by, to ply a viork diligent- 
ly, to be diligently occupied. — ol 
TtpooedpEvovrec, overseers. 

irpoceifxi, future -eoofictL, &c. (from 
irpog, at, and elfii, to be). To be 
present at, to be there, to be added 
to. 

itpoGELfiL, fut. -UGo\iai, &c. (from 
irpog, towards, and Eifu, to go), 
To go towards, to approach, to 
come near. 

irpooEtirov (from irpog, to, and elttov, 
I spoke), Ionic vrpoaFFLnrov, used 
as 2d aor. to irpoGayopEvto. To 
speak, to address. 

irpoGEu&aXkto, fut. -6akto, &c. (from 
irpog, in addition, and EjxSuXkto, 
to throw in). To throw in besides, 
to throw in together with. 

■KpocE^EvpioKto, future -Evprjoto, &c. 
(from irpog, in addition, and si;£v- 
pionto, to invent). To invent in 
addition. 

7tpOCT£pXOfJ-aL, fut. -eTiEVGOUCLI, &c. 

(from irpog, towards, and spxouac, 
to come or go). To come towards, 
to approach, to go to. — hyyvg, to 
come near to. 

irpooETL (adv. from irpog, in addition, 
and etl, still). Still farther, be- 
sides, moreover. 

TTpoaEvxop-aL, future -Ev^ouat, &c. 
(from irpog, to, and svxop-ai, to 
pray). To pray unto. 

irpoosxvC< k ( a dj- from irpoGsxco). 
Connected with, contiguous, bor- 
dering on, neighbouring. 

npocrixo), fut. -eI-co and -crpfccj, &c. 
(from irpog, to, and e#«, to hold). 
568 



TIPO 

To hold to, to bring towards. — 
With vovv, to direct the thoughts 
to, to attend to, to observe atten- 
tively, to mark. — Neuter, to fol- 
low, to associate with. 

irpocnyopia, ag, y (from irpooayo- 
psvco, to salute). A salutation, an 
accosting, a name, an epithet. 

irpooynovTtog (adv. from pres. part, 
of irpoGrjKto). In a becoming 
manner, suitably, properly, justly. 

irpoGr/Kto, fut. -y^to, &c. (from irpog, 
to, and rjKto, to come). To come 
to, to belong to, to be applicable to, 
to befit, to concern. — Impersonal, 
TtpoarjKEt, it is fitting, it becomes, 
it is proper, it behooves, it is in- 
cumbent upon. — irpoorjutov, ovaa, 
ov, suitable, proper. — As a noun, 
6, a relation. 

irpoorfkoto, Co, fut. -ykoau, perf. 
irpoGyXtona (from irpog, to, and 
yXoto, to nail). To nail to. 

irpooyvyg, ig (adj.). Mild, gentle, 
agreeable. 

irp6o-&£, before a vowel irpoo-&£V 
(adv. from irpo, before). Before, 
in front of, formerly. 

ivp6<y&erog^ ov (adj. from TrpoGri'd-yjiL, 

to add to). Additional, adjoined, 
artificial. 

irpootiiog, a, ov (adj. from irp6o$£). 
Anterior, fore, in front. — rd irpoo- 
-&ia GKiTiy, the fore legs. 

irpoGCGxco, same as irpoo£;{to. 

irpoGKaTiito, to, future -kuTiegco, &c. 
(from irpog, unto, and kuTieco, to 
call). To call unto, to call upon. 
— In the middle, to call to come to 
one's self, to invite. 

irpoGKaprEpEco, to, future -rioio, &c. 
(from irpog, in addition, and nap- 
TEpico, to be vigorous). To con- 
tinue vigorous exertion (i. e., in 
addition to previous exertion), to 
persevere in, to follow up steadily. 

irpooKEifiac, fut. -KEioo/iai, &c. (from 
irpog , near, and KEifiat, to lie). To 
lie near, to press upon, to beset. 

irpoGKoui^to, future -igco, &c. (from 
irpog, to, and KOfti^to, to bring). 
To bring to. 

irpoo7iap.6avLO, future -"kyipojiai, &c. 
(from irpog, in addition, and Xa/x- 
6avio, to take). To take in addi- 



npo 

Hon, to acquire besides, to appro- 
priate, to comprehend. 

rrpoGuaprvpEo, u, future -r/au, &c. 
(from rrpoc, in addition, and p.ap- 
rvpto), to bear witness). To bear 
additional witness in favour of, to 
confiim by one's testimony. 

rrpoo/uv'&cvu, fut. -evgcj, &c. (from 
rrpoc, in addition, and p.ir&evo), to 
relate), and rrpoGfiv-devouai. To 
relate besides or moreover, to sub- 
join. 

rrpoGveu, fut. -vevGouai, &c. (from 
rrpoc, to, and viu, to swim). To 
swim to. 

npocrodoc, ov, 7] (from rrpoc, unto, 
and 666c, & way). An approach, 
an entrance. — Revenue, income. 

rrpoGOfil'keu, u, fut. -fjcru, &c. (from 
rrpoc, intens., and 6/xl2,eo), to asso- 
ciate with). To have intercourse 
with, to be familiar with, to asso- 
ciate with. 

irpoaoTpcc, euc, r) (from rrpoc, at, and 
orrrouat, to look). The appear- 
ance, the aspect, the surface, the 
view. 

rrpoorrapaTi-&yuL, future -■drjau, &c. 
(from rrpoc, in addition, and rrapa- 
Tid-n/j-L, to place near). To place 
near in addition, to add to. 

TrpoGTcaocaAevu, Attic -rraTTaXevu, 
fut. -evcro) (from rrpoc, to, and 
rzaaGoAoc, a peg). To fasten to 
with a peg, to nail to or on. 

rrpoGrreXd^u, fut. -Cwu (from rrpoc, 
unto, and rreAdfa, to draw near). 
To draw near unto, to approach. 

TcpoarcircTcj, fat.-Treoovuai, &c. (from 
rrpoc, unto, and ttItttcj, to fall). 
To fall out or happen to, to light 
upon, to come in contact with, to 
meet, to attack. 

TrpoorrAaoGo, Attic -rrAdrro), future 
-rrAaGu, &c. (from rrpoc, to, and 
Trldaao, to form). To form upon, 
to paste to, to fix to. 

irpOGrrteo, fut. -rrAevGop.ai, &c. (from 
rrpoc, to, and rrAeu, to sail). To 
sail to. 

rrpooTzvevGie, euc., y (from rrpocrrveu, 

to breathe upon). A breathing 

upon. — An odour, an exhalation, a 

scent. 

rrpocrroiEu, w, future -rroiyou, &c. 

B bb2 



npo 

(from rrpoc , to, and rroieo, to make). 
To make over to, to add to, to as- 
sign unto. — In the middle, to ac- 
quire for one's self, to lay claim 
or pretend to, to pretend, to pro- 
fess, to feign. 

rrpoorropl^u, fut. -leu, perf. rrpoorre- 
rroplna (from rrpoc, in addition, 
and rropifa, to procure). To pro- 
cure in addition, to acquire besides, 
to provide, to add to, to occasion. 

rrpoorrTvu, fut. -rrrvGO, perf. rrpoG- 
rrerrrvKa (from rrpoc, at, and rrrvu, 
to spit). To spit at or upon. — 
Hence, to spurn, to despise. 

rrpoarayua, uroc, to (from rrpoGTao- 
go). An order, a command, an 
injunction. 

rrpooTuGGu, Att. -tutto, fut. -rafw, 
&c. (from rrpoc, in addition, and 
tuggu, to enjoin). To enjoin in 
addition, to ordain farther, to en- 
join upon, to command, to order 
strictly. 

rrpoGTldyui, future rrpoG^r/Gu, &c. 
(from rrpoc , in addition, and ridnfu, 
toplacc). To adjoin, to place down 
in addition, to add more, to attrib- 
ute, to impute, to ascribe. 

rrpoGTlfivoic, euc, rj (from iTpOGTlfiau, 
to decree a punishment). The as- 
signing a punishment, a sentence, 
a punishment. 

rrpoo(pu,TOc, ov (adj. from rrpoc, refer- 
ring to recent action, and tne ob- 
solete (pdu, to slay). Recently 
slam. — Recent, fresh. 

rrpoGcpspa), fut. rrpoGotGU, &c. (from 
rrpoc, to, and (pspo, to bring). To 
bring unto, to offer unto, to apply, 
to lay on. — In the middle, to bring 
one's self to, to come to, to arrive 
at, to assault, to convey, to put up 
with, to conduct one's self towards. 

rrpoG(j)7}ut, &c. (from rrpoc, to, and 
(f>Vfj-i, to speak). To speak to, to 
address, to accost. 

rrpoGfylAyc, ec (adj. from rrpoc, to, and 
<j)iioc, dear). Beloved, acceptable, 
cherished, dear. 

rrpoGtylluc (adv. from rrpoGipiAyc)- 
Agreeably, acceptably, kindly. 

rrpoGxupeu, «, fut. -^wp^cw, &c. 
(from rrpoc, towards, and ^wpew, 
to go). To go towards, to ap- 
569 



npo 

over to, 



to join 



proach, to pass 
one's self unto, 
npdcro (adv. from npo, forward). 
Forward, farther on, afar, far. — 
Comparative npoaurepco, superla- 
tive ItpOGOTUTU. 

rrpoaovvfita, ac, ?j (from npoc, in 
addition, and ovofia, a name). A 
name in addition to one's previous 
name. — A surname, an epithet, 
npooonov, ov, to (from npoc, to or 
towards, and utp, the eye). The 
countenance, the aspect, the fore- 
head. 

nporelvo, fut. -revtj, &c. (from npo, 
before, and relvo, to stretch). To 
stretch before, to extend, to hold 
out to, to present, to give up to. 

rrporepio), ti, fut. -7jgg), perf. nenpo- 
Tepntca (from nporepoc). To be 
before, to be superior to, to conquer, 
to excel. 

nporepv/j-a, aroc, to (from npoTepeo). 
A precedence, a superiority, an ad- 
vantage. 

nporepoc, a, ov (adj. comp. from 
npo, before). Prior, anterior, 
preceding, earlier. — Neuter as an 
adverb, nporepov, before, previ- 
ously. 

nport&nfii, fut. --&rjao, &c. (from 
npo, before, and Ti&n/ii, to place). 
To place before, to bring forward, 
to propose, to make publicly known, 
to expose, to publish. 

nporl/iao, w, fut. -Tlfirjou, &c. (from 
wpo, before, and Tlfiao, to prize). 
To prize more highly, to esteem 
in preference to, to prefer. 

nporpeno, fut. -TpiipG), &c. (from 
rrpd, forward, and rpeno, to turn). 
To push forward, to urge on, to 
impel, to incite, to warn. 

irpoTpex<->- fut- -Spafiovfiai, &c. (from 
npo, before, and rpe^w, to run). 
To run before, to outstrip. 

npovpyov (adv. for rrpo epyov). Use- 
ful, expedient, requisite, of advan- 
tage. 

irpo<t>aivu, fut. -<$>avC>, &c. (from npo, 
before, and <pacvu, to show). To 
hold out to view, to foreshow. 

irp6<j>acuc, ewe, V (from npocpaivo). 
A pretext, a pretence, an excuse, a 
cause or occasion. 
570 



npa 

npoyeprfc, fc (adj. from npotpepu). 
Preferable, superior, distinguish- 
ed, excellent, 
npotyepo, fut. npoolco), &c. (from 
npo, before, and (f>epu, to bring). 
To bring before or forward, to 
bring forth to view, to make evi- 
dent. — In the middle, to bring 
one's self forward, to boast, 
npocpevyu, fut. -Qevgofiai, &c. (from 
npo, before, and tyevyu, to flee). 
To flee before, to flee forth, to es- 
cape. 
7rpo<pf/T?]c, ov, 6 (from npo, before, 
and (pn/ui , to say or tell). A sooth- 
sayer, a prophet, a diviner. — rj, a 
prophetess, &c. 
7rpo<popd, tic, i] (from npo<pepu). A 
bringing forward, delivery, pro- 
nunciation, a proposal. 
np6(ppcov, ov (adj. from rrpo, before, 
and <j>pr/v, mind). With mind 
previously inclined, with predeter- 
mined resolution, in serious ear- 
nest, ready, willing. 
Trpo^etpi^cj, fut. -too, perf. npoKexei- 
plica (from npo, before, and x EL ~ 
piC,o, to handle). To have at hand 
ready for use. — More commonly 
in the middle, to take iri hand, to 
undertake, to choose, 
npoxeo, fut. -xevcu, &c. (from npo, 
forth, and ^ew, to pour). To pour 
forth, to pour out. — In the middle, 
to flow out. 
npoxopso), <3, fut. -xupyoo, &c. 
(from npo, forward, and x u P EU > 
to go). To go fortcard, to pro- 
ceed, to advance, to succeed, to in- 
crease, to grow. 
npvfiva and Ion. npv/xvrj, nc, v (prop, 
fern, of npvfivoc, the extreme). 
The poop of a vessel, the stent. 
Upvraveiov, ov, to. The Prytane- 
um, a large public building at 
Athens, where the Prytanes or 
council of fifty, and those citizens 
who had deserved well of their 
country, were maintained at the 
public expense. 
npi-)7]v (adv.). Lately, recently, for- 
merly, previously, 
nput (adv. from npo, before). Early, 

in the morning, 
npuloc, a, ov (adj. from nput). 



IITO 

Early. — Comparative npuiacTE- 
pog, superlative npuiaiTUTog. 

Trp6pd, ag, i] (from irpo, before). 
The fore part of a ship, the prow. 

■KpCbTa (adv., prop. neut. pi. of irpu)- 
rog). In the first place. 

Tpureiov, ov, to (from TrpuTevu). 
The first place, the palm, the high- 
est rank. 

Uporeoikaoc, ov, 6. Protesildus, 
one of the Grecian chiefs in the 
Trojan war. He was the first to 
land on the Trojan shore, and the 
first to fall by the hand of the en- 
emy. 

7TpijTevo), flit, -evao, perf. TzeTrpurev- 
na (from irptJTOc). To be the first 
or best, to maintain the highest 
rank, to excel. 

npuroc, 7], ov (adj. prop. Tiporaroc, 
irpoaToc, superl. of rrpo, before). 
First. — Neuter as an adverb, irpcj- 
rov, in. the first place, at first. — 
to fiev TzpdTOV and tu filv TrpCira, 
at first. 

TrpurtJc (adv. from irpurog). In the 
first place, at first. 

TTTaipu, fut. TTTupu, 1 st aor. firrdpa, 
2d aor. tnrdpov. To sneeze. 

7TTe/Jd, ag, r). The elm-tree. 

KTepvrj, rjg, y. The heel. 

irrepoecg, ocaaa, oev (adj. from nre- 
pov). Winged, having wings. 

■KTepov, ov, to (from 'KCTop.at, to fly). 
A pinion, a wing. 

irrepou, u, fut. -6au, perf. eTTTepcona 
(from nrepov). To furnish with 
wings, to fledge. 

Ttrepv^, vyoc, rj (from trrcpov). A 
icing, a plume, a pinion. 

TTTepwTOc, r\, 6v (adj. from WTepou). 
Winged, furnished with pinions. 

rmjvog, 7], ov (adj. from irTijvai, 2d 
aor. inf. of TtETOfiai, to fly). Hav- 
ing wings, winged. 

nroio), w, fut. -tjou, perf. brcTo-nxa. 
To cause terror, to strike with 
dread, to cause to fly away (through 
terror), to frighten away. 

TlToXe/iaiog, ov, 6. Ptolemy, sur- 
named Lagus, as being the son 
of Lagus. He received Egypt in 
the division of Alexander's con- 
quests, and from him his succes- 
sors assumed the title of Ptolemy. 



PITA 

TTToltg, poetic for woTug. A city. 

TVTuxog, y, ov (adj. from tttuogq, to 
crouch). That begs from door to 
door, poor, wretched. — 6 izruxog, 
a beggar. 

TLvyjuaioc, uv, ol. The Pygmies, a 
fabled nation of dwarfs, dwelling, 
according to the common account, 
in India, and engaged in frequent 
warfare with the cranes. 

Hv&ayopag, ov, 6. Pythagoras, a 
celebrated Grecian philosopher of 
Samos. He established a school at 
Crotona in Magna Graecia, where 
he taught with great success, in 
the sixth century B.C. 

TLv&ayopeiog, ov (adj.). Of or per- 
taining to Pythagoras, Pythago- 
rean. — As a noun, 6 Uv&ayopeiog, 
the disciple of Pythagoras. 

Uv&ayopcKog, r), ov (adj.). Pythago- 
rean. — As a noun, 6 Hv&ayoptfcog, 
the follower of Pythagoras, the 
Pythagorean. 

Uv&apxog, ov, 6. Pytharchus, a 
native of Cyzicus, to whom Cyrus 
gave seven cities. 

Uv&eag, ov, 6. Pytheas. 

TLv&ta, ag, r). The Pythia, the 
priestess of Apollo at Delphi. 

ILv&OKAr/g, iovg, 6. Pythocles, a 
friend of Phocion. 

Tlv-&ov, uvog, 6. Python, a celebra- 
ted serpent, destroyed by Apollo. 

TTVKafa, fut. -dau, perf. TcenvKaKa 
(from nvica, closely). To com- 
press, to cover, to deck profusely, 
to surround. 

nvKvog, r), ov, poetic TrvKivog, rj, ov 
(adj ). Thick, close, compact, 
crowded, frequent, numerous, in- 
tense, firm. 

■nvKvuiia, drog, to (from ttvkvoo, to 
thicken). A stiffening, thickness. 
— TTVKVutia tuv Tptx&v, a thick 
growth of hair. 

irv\n, r/g, i]. A gate, a pass. 

TLvlcu, uv, at (commonly an abbre- 
viated expression for QepfioTzvlat). 
Thermopylae. See note, page 44, 
line 34. 

Hvlog, ov, 6. Pylos, a city of Elis 
in the Peloponnesus. 

Tzvlopio, d, future -you (from rrv- 
?Mpog, a gatekeeper). To keep 
571 



nrp 

watch at the gate or opening, to 

be a gatekeeper, to watch. 
Tzvv&avofiai, fut. fcevaofxai, perf. ire- 

TTvc/iat, 2d aor. Eirvtio/Linv. To 

inquire, to question, to learn by 

inquiry, to ascertain, to ask, to 

perceive, to learn, 
nvtjoeidrjc, ie (adj. from ttv^oc, and 

eldoc, appearance). Resembling 

the box- tree. 
ttv^oc, ov, 7j. The box-tree. 
Ttvp, Tvvpoc, to. Fire, 
■nvpd, ag, 7) (from rrvp). A pile of 

wood for burning, especially a fu- 
neral pile. 
nvpaKToo, u, fut. -6au (from Ttvp, 

and aya, to lead). Properly, to 

turn about in the fire, to make hot, 

to harden in the fire. 
TTvpafiie, Idoc, 7). A pyramid, 
■nvpyog, ov, 6. A tower. 
TLvpnvaia, uv, to, (from the Celtic 

Pyren oxPyrn, a high mountain). 

The Pyrenees, a well-known range 

of mountains, separating France 

from Spain. 
TTvptvoc, n, ov (adj. from vrvpog). 

Wheaten, made of wheat. 
Trvptrcvooc, ov (adj. from Ttvp, and 

Tzvta, to breathe). Fire-breathing. 
11vpL(j>?ieyE&G)v, ovroc, 6 (from rcvp, 

fire, and (pXeyo, to burn). Pyri- 

phlegetlwn, a river in the lower 

world which rolled with waves of 

fire. 
•Kvpog, ov, 6 (from Ttvp, fire, from its 

colour). Wheat, 
nvpoco, ti, fut. -(jaw, perf. ireTtvpciKa 

(from Ttvp, fire). To set on fire, 

to burn, to heat. 
Trvpiroteo, o, fut. -T/ao) (from irvp, 

fire, and TtoMa, to turn round). 

To light up a fire, to inflame, to 

waste, to be in the fire. 
Uvpp'a, ag, i). Pyrrha, a daughter 

of Epimetheus and Pandora, and 

wife of Deucalion. 
Tcvp(ux' i &, fut. -Xou (from nvp'p'ixVi 

the Pyrrhic dance, a dance per- 
formed by men in full armour). 
To dance the Pyrrhic dance. 
Tlvpp'og, ov, 6. Pyrrhus, a celebra- 
ted king of Epirus, who assisted 
the Tarentincs in their wars with 
the Romans. 
572 



PAK 

iru (an enclitic particle from the ob- 
solete 7r6c). Yet. — In some way, 
some how, ever. — Generally joined 
with negatives ; as, ovdeTvu, not 
yet, not at all; firJTTo, not yet, by no 
means, &c. 

TvoTieo), C), fut. -7jg(j), perf. ireiruT^Tjica 
(from TtoMco, to turn round). To 
go about and barter, to sell goods, 
to barter, to sell, to exchange. 

Uuloc, ov, 6. Pblus, a native of 
iEgina, a celebrated actor. 

irC)fj.a, aroc, to. A cover, a lid. 

ttuttote (adv. from ttu, and ttote, 
ever). Ever, at any time, at some 
time. 

True (adv.). With the circumflex it 
is interrogative, how ? in what 
way ? — Without the accent, tcuc, 
as an enclitic, anyhow, in some 
way or other, in any way, some- 
how. 



p"a (an enclitic particle), epic for upa. 
Then, thereupon, indeed, &c. See 
upa. 

p~d66oc, ov, 7). A staff, a rod, a 
wand. 

'Pada/iav&vg, voc, 6. Rhadaman- 
tlius, a son of Jupiter and Europa, 
and brother of Minos. For his 
justice and impartiality while on 
earth, he was made, after death, 
one of the judges of the under 
world. 

jiddioc, a, ov (adj ). Easy, light, 
complaisant. — Comparative fiduv, 
superlative paarog. 

fradiuc (adv. from jiddioc). Easily. 

p'afivp.su, u, fut. -r]G(j) (from f)d-&v- 
p.og). To be careless or indolent, 
to be negligent, to be free from 
care, to be at ease. 

p~a-&v[iia, ag, r) (from pad-v/ieo). In- 
dolence, the absence of care, idle- 
ness, carelessness, ease, leisure. 

fidtiv/ioc, ov (adj. from (yddtoc, and 
■8v/j,6c, mind). That has an easy 
mind, light-hearted, thoughtless, 
careless, indolent. 

p'a'&vjLitJC (adv. from p~d-&vfiog). In- 
dolently, carelessly, thoughtlessly, 
fadnog, eog, to (from frr\aao, pnyvvfii, 
to rend). A piece torn off. — 



PHr 

Hence, a rag, a shred, a tattered 
garment. 

p'd/j.fj.a, drog, to (from pdirrcj, to sew). 
A seam. 

pug, puyoc, 7). A grape, a grape- 
stone. 

fidrnfa, fut. -loo, perf. epfianiKa 
(from p'anlc, a rod). To strike 
with a. rod, to heat. 

p'aTTKjp.a, urog, to (from fram^u). A 
blow, a stripe, a stroke. 

pdxig, £coc ai) d cog, t). The back- 
bone, the back. 

'Pea, ac, r). Rhea, a daughter of 
Coelus and Terra, wife of Saturn, 
and mother of the gods. 

faeed-pov, Ionic and poetic for pet-ftpov. 

pe&, fut. p'i^u and (from the obso- 
lete epyco) ep^o), perf. eopya. To 
do, to perform, especially, to sacri- 
fice. 

p'ela (adv. from p'ddiog). Easily. 

peld-pov, ov, to (from p'eu, to flow). 
A stream. 

pifj,6u (akin to p"6fj.6oc, circular mo- 
tion). To turn round. — More 
usually in the middle, to turn one's 
self around, to go astray, to wan- 
der about. 

pevro), fut. peipo) (akin to p"ecj and p'e/x- 
6u). To bend downward, to sink, 
to incline. 

peifia, drog, to (from /6ew). A 
stream. 

peco, fut. pevao/uai, 1st aor. epfievaa, 
seldom used. The only genuine 
Attic forms are 2d aor. pass, ep- 
fivnv, fut. pass, fivrjoo/uai, and perf. 
(formed from this aorist), epp'vrjKa. 
To flow, to run, to flow down. 

peo) (obsolete as a present), from it 
in use, as tenses of (j>i]/J.l, are perf. 
elpnua, perf. pass, eipnfiac, 1st aor. 
pass, kpfirff&nv and hppe-d-yv, 3d fut. 
pass. eip^aopiaL. To say, to tell, 
to speak. 

prjy[J,a, drog, to (from p'rjyvvp.c). A 
rupture, a rent, a strain. 

p~r)yvvp:L, fut. /5^fw, 2d aor. pass, ep- 
pdyyv. To rend, to tear, to break. 
— Perf. mid. with the neuter sig- 
nification, epp'cjya, to be torn in 
pieces, to break loose. 

fif/yog, eog, to (from /6?;£b, /6e£b in 
Doric for /3a7rrw, to dye). A col- 



POA 

oured coverlet, in general, a cover 
ing (for a bed or seat), a coverlet. 
See note, page 168, line 170. 

pfjfia, urog, to (from the obsolete 
peu, to speak). A word, a say- 
ing. 

'Pijvog, ov, 6. The Rhine, a celebra- 
ted river of Europe, rising in the 
Alps, and forming in part the 
boundary between France and 
Germany. 

pfjag, eog, r) (from the obsolete p~eu, 
to speak). A saying, a speech, a 
verse. 

p'nreov (verb. adj. from the obsolete 
p'io), to speak). To be spoken or 
said. 

p?]TG)p, opog, 6 (from the same). A 
public speaker, an orator, a rheto- 
rician. 

fayed), w, fut. -t)ou), perf. mid., with 
the present signification, epplya 
(from filyog, cold). To stiffen with 
cold, to freeze, to shiver with cold. 
— To become stiff with dread. 

pi^a, yg, i). A root. 

p't^oTOfiog, ov, 6 (from p7£a, and te{j.~ 
vo), to cut). One that cuts and 
gathers roots, a root-collector, as 
physicians and sorcerers do. — 
Hence, a nickname for a physi- 
cian. 

p't£o<puyEC), <3, fut. -7}GG) (from p"i£,a, 
and (pdyelv, to eat). To devour 
roots, to live on roots. 

ptCocj, ti, fut. pi&atj, perf. kppi&Ka 
(from p"iC,a). To cause to take 
root. — In the middle, to take form 
root, to strike root. 

plvonepog, urog, 6 (from pig, a nose, 
and Kepag, a horn). The rhinoce- 
ros. 

pLov, ov, to. The summit of a 
mountain, apeak. — A promontory. 

film^u, fut. -lau, perf. kpfiizina (from 
p'iirig, a fan). To fan. 

pLTTTeo), u, same as 

p"mTu, fut. pii/;w, perf. epfifya, 2d aor. 
epptyov. To throw, to hurl, to 
cast, to beat down, to cast away, 
to plunge. 

'PoSdvog, ov, 6. The Rhone, a large 

and rapid river of Europe, rising 

in the Alps near the sources of the 

Rhine. It flows through the south 

573 



P£2M 

of France, and discharges itself by 

three mouths into the Gulf of 

Lyons. 
fedlvoc, 7), ov (adj. from fedov). 

Made of roses. 
'Podioc, ov, 6. An inhabitant of 

Rhodes, a Rhodian. 
podov, ov, to. The rose. 
'Podoc, ov, 7j. Rhodes, a celebrated 

island in the Mediterranean Sea, 

lying southwest of the coast of 

Caria, and about forty-three miles 

distant. 
(booc, poov, contracted fevg, fev, 6 

(from feu, to flow). A stream, a 

current, 
feiruhov, ov, to (from feiro, to bend 

upon). A club, a staff, 
pofeu, u, fut. -yea), perf. kpfecpTjua. 

To sip, to sup up, to drink, to taste, 
feat;, ukoc, 6 (from feu, to flow). A 

stream, a current (especially of 

lava). 
feyxoc, eoc, to (from fefa, to snarl 

like an angry dog). Properly, the 

distorted visage of a snarling dog, 

a bill, a beak, 
feeu, u, fut. pass. feTjGOfiai, &c, 

another form of feu, which see. 

To flow, &c. 
(jv&fjioc, ov, 6. Measured movement, 

cadence, harmony, rhythm, the 

beat, music, measure, 
fefi/ia, utoc, to (from feitTU, to 

cleanse). That which is used for 

cleansing, a cleansing process. 
fefj.OTop.iu, u, fut. -tjgu (from pv/wn, 

a street, and teuvu, to cut). To 

divide into streets, to lay out a city 

in streets and quarters. 
fefj.0T0fila, ac, 7] (from feporofieu). 

The laying out the streets of a 

city, a line of streets, 
feofxat, fut. feco/uat, 1st aor. kfev- 

GafJvv, epic pvadfxrjv (see under 

bpvu). To rescue, to preserve, to 

deliver, to restrain, 
fenupoc, a, ov (adj. from fenoc, 

filth). Filthy, foul, soiled. 
'Putialoc, ov, 6. A Roman, 
fafiakeoe, a, ov (adj. from ptJfJ7j). 

Robust, strong. 
(jufiTj, wc, 7j (from (yuvvvfxt) . Strength, 

vigour, might. 
Tg>//?7, rjc, tj. Rome. 
574 



2AM 
fbuvvvfii and fiuvvvu, fut. puGu, perf. 

efeutca. To strengthen, to fortify, 

to confirm, 
p'uofj.at, fut. fauGOfiai, 1st aor. eppu- 

Gutirjv (an old epic verb). To 

move about rapidly, to dance. 
(>uglc, eoc, ij (from puvvvfji). A 

strengthening, strength, vigour. 

2. 

1,a.6lvn, vc, tj. The Sabine territory, 
in Italy, lying northeast of Rome. 

2u6u>oi, ov, oi. The Sabines. 

ouyr)V7}, tjc, 7}. A net. 

Lay pa, ac, rj. The Sagra or Sagras, 
a river of Magna Graecia. See 
note, page 97, line 23. 

Gaivu, fut. guvu, perf. aioayna (akin 
to guu). To shake, to move or 
wag the tail (as dogs do when 
fawning). — Hence, to fawn, to flat- 
ter, or wheedle, to fawn upon. 

caipu, fut. Gapu, perf. GEGvpa. To 
grin. — To sweep, to brush, to 
clean. 

oaXafiavdpa, ac, tj. The salamander. 

'LaTiauivioe, ov, 6. An inhabitant 
of Salamis, a Salaminian. 

'LaXa.jiic, Ivoc, tj. Salamis, 1. An 
island in the Sinus Saronicus, off 
the coast of Attica. In the strait 
between this island and the main 
land the Greeks obtained a splen- 
did victory over the Persian fleet, 
B.C. 480. — 2. A city on the east- 
ern shore of Cyprus, the largest 
and most important in the island. 
— 3. The title of the poem com- 
posed by Solon to incite the Athe- 
nians to recover the island of Sala- 
mis. 

^LaTijivdrjaaoc, ov, tj. Salmydessus, 
a city of Thrace, on the coast of 
the Euxine. 

ZaXpuvevc, ewe, 6. Salmbneus, a 
king of Elis, who styled himself 
Jupiter, and endeavoured to imi- 
tate thunder and lightning. See 
note, page 74, line 1-3. 

GaTnuyKTi'ie, ov, 6 (from GaXni^u, 
fut GaTnziy^u, to sound a trumpet). 
A trumpeter. 

GoX-niy^, iyyoc, ?/. A trumpet. 

"Ed/jiog, ov, 6. An inhabitant of Sa- 
mos, a Samia?i. 



SAT 

Sa/zof, ov, ij. Samos, an island of 
the iEgean, lying off the coast of 
Ionia, celebrated for the worship 
of Juno, and as the birthplace of 
the philosopher Pythagoras. 

cdvddXov, ov, to. A sandal. 

cdvic, tdoc, t). A hoard, a table. 

oarrpoc, d, ov (adj. from o-fjwo, to 
corrupt). Decayed, spoiled, cor- 
rupted, useless. 

2a,7r(pu, ooc contr. ovc, rj. Sappho, 
a celebrated poetess, a native of 
Lesbos, and contemporary with 
Pittacus and Alcseus. She flour- 
ished B.C. 610. 

'ZapdavdrraXXoc, ov, 6. Sardanapa- 
lus, the last king of Assyria, cele- 
brated for his luxury and voluptu- 
ousness. 

^apdavia, ac, tj. Sardinia, an island 
in the Mediterranean, west of 
Italy. 

'ZdpSeic, euv, al. Sardis, a city of 
Lydia, the ancient capital of that 
country. Its site is now occupied 
by a village called Sart. 

Hapdtiot, wv, oi. The Sardinians, 
inhabitants of Sardinia. 

SapSuoc, a, ov (adj.). Sardinian. — 
to "Zapdtiov ■xe'kdyoc, the Sardin- 
ian Sea. 

aapnoSopoe, ov (adj. from cdp^, flesh, 
and fSopd, food). That uses flesh 
as food, carnivorous. 

aapnotiayeo, u, fut. -t}o~o (from adpi, 
and (pdyelv, to eat). To eat flesh, 
to be carnivorous. 

"Lapfidrai., dv, oi. The Sarmatians, 
inhabitants of Sarmatia. 

Sapuaria, ac, tj. Sarmatia, an ex- 
tensive country, comprising a large 
part of the north of Europe and 
Asia, corresponding to what is now 
Russia, Poland, Prussia, Little 
Tartary, Astracan, and several 
other neighbouring countries. 

cap!;, aapnoc, tj (from aaipo, crvpu, to 
draw off). Literally, that which 
has been stripped off, flesh. 

oaTpairng, ov, 6. A satrap. 

odrvpoc, ov, 6. A satyr. 

Sdrvpoc, ov, 6. Satyrus, a Greek 
actor, who taught Demosthenes 
how to acquire a good style of 
elocution. 



2EM 

aavvLov, ov, to. A javelin. 

Zavvirai, £>v, oi. The Samnites, 
the inhabitants of Samnium, a 
country of central Italy, north of 
Campania and west of Apulia. 

'ZavviTiK.oc, r), ov (adj.). Of or be- 
longing to Samnium, Samnite. 

aavrov, rjc, contr. for aeavrov, tjc. 

ad$r)c, ec (adj. akin to aotpoc). Mani- 
fest, clear, evident, plain. — rov 
catyovc x a P lv i f or the sake of 
clearness or perspicuity. 

aSevvvut, fut. oSeau, perf. ea6rjKa, 
perf. pass. eaBeauai. To extin- 
guish, to quench. — The perf. eo6n- 
na and 2d aor. eoBnv have the in- 
transitive signification, to go out, 
to be extinguished. 

aeavrov, rjc (reflexive pron., nom. 
wanting, from aeo for gov, gen. of 
ov, thou, and gen. of avroc, self). 
Of thyself , thine. 

aeBdfruai, fut. -aaofiac (from aeSac, 
reverential awe). To stand in 
awe or reverence, to revere, to 
dread, to worship. 

aiSo/xai, fut. ceipofxat, perf. aiaefifiai. 
To revere, to adore, to worship, to 
stand in awe of. 

aed-ev, poetic for aov, gen. of ov. 

aetpd, ac, r) (from elpco, to tie). A 
cord, a rope, a chain. 

gelouoc, ov, 6 (from ceiu, to shake). 
An earthquake. 

'LD.evkoc, ov, 6. Seleucus, one of 
Alexander's generals, surnamed 
Nicdtor or the victorious. He re- 
ceived Babylon in the division of 
the empire, but made himself mas- 
ter of Syria by subsequent con- 
quest. 

ae'krjvrj, tjc, tj. The moon. 

gzXlvov, ov, to. Parsley. 

'Lefie'kr], rjg, tj. Semele, daughter of 
Cadmus and Hermione, and moth- 
er of Bacchus. 

ae/uddlig, eug, tj. The finest wheat 

flour. 
Ze/jlpafiLe, Idoc, tj. Semirdmis, a 
celebrated queen of Assyria, wife 
of Ninus, whom she survived and 
succeeded on the throne. 
ae/Livoc, rj, ov (from ae6ouai, perf. 
pass, aeaefifiat). Venerable, re- 

[ vered, holy, dignified, solemn, ma- 
575 



sir 

jestic, honourable. — Gefivog Tig, a 
grave sort of a person. 

Ge/ivvvo), fut. -ww (from oe/Ltvog). 
To render venerable. — In the mid- 
dle, to be proud of, to boast of, to 
pride one's self, to grow arrogant. 

"Lsplfylog, ov, 6. A Seriphian, an 
inhabitant of Sertphus. 

'ZipZQog, ov, 7). Seriphus, an island 
of the JEgean,. one of the Cycla- 
des. It is now Serpho. 

cev, Ion. and Dor. gen. of ov, for 

GOV. 

or/tog, ov, 6. An enclosed place. — 
Hence, a fold or pen, a stable. — 
A sepulchre, a temple, but espe- 
cially the shrine or cella of a tem- 
ple, 
cf/pa, uroc, to. A gravestone, a 
sepulchral mound or monument, a 
tomb. — Kvvbg ofjfia, " the dog's 
tomb." 

an^alvo, fut. -avu, perf. oeorjjiayKa 
(from GTJfia). To point out, to 
show, to indicate, to signify, to 
command. 

Gn/j-doia, ag, 7) (from onpaivu). The 
giving a signal, an indication, a 
sign, a signal. 

ovp-eZov, ov, to (from OTJ/ua). A sign, 
a proof , an indication. 

owpayyudnc, eg (adj. from or) pay!;, a 
cleft, and el dog, appearance). Full 
of clefts and fissures, abounding in 
hollows. 

'Lypeg, ov, ol. The Seres, a nation 
of Asia, who inhabited the eastern 
part of the continent, correspond- 
ing in a great degree to the mod- 
ern Chinese. 

of/od/j,ov, ov, t6. Sesame. 

od-evo (from o&evog, strength). To 
be strong, to be able, to have 
power. 

ctayuv, ovog, rj. The jawbone, the 
jaw, a cheek. 

olydXbeig, oeooa, oev (adj. from oid- 
"kog, fat). Fat, oily. — Hence, 
sleek, shining, splendid, brilliant, 
delicate. 

olydo, £>, fut. -7/00, perf. ceolynKa 
(from alyrj). To be silent, to keep 
silence. — Strictly speaking, olydo 
is like taceo in Latin, to become 
silent after having just spoken ; 
576 



SIN 

and Gio)7Tao), like sileo, to remain 
or continue silent. 

Giyrj, fjg, 7). Silence. 

oidr/peiog, a, ov (adj. from oidnpog). 
Of steel or iron. 

Gtd-f/peog, ia, eov, contr. oidrjpovg, a, 
ovv (adj. from oidnpog). Of iron, 
iron. 

oldrjpog, ov, 6. Iron. — A sword. 

Slduv, uvog, 7], Sidon, an ancient 
and wealthy city of the Phoeni- 
cians. 

Zlduviog, a, ov (adj.). Sidonian. — 
As a noun, 6 1>idiovLog, a Sido- 
nian. 

1,lKuvia, ag, 7). Sicania, an ancient 
name of Sicily, derived from the 
Sicani. 

"ZtKavoi, tiv, ol. The Sicani, one 
of the early tribes of Sicily. 

HiKelca, ag, f). Sicily, the largest 
and most important island of the 
Mediterranean, lying south of Ita- 
ly, from which it is separated by a 
narrow strait. 

Si/ceAiwrai, uv, ol. The Sicilians. 

"EiKE%Lit6e, r), ov (adj.), same as 

line/log, v, ov (adj.). Sicilian. — ol 
2i/cfAo^, the Sicilians. 

1,'uavvog, ov, 6. Sicinnus, a Persian 
captive employed by Themistocles 
to deceive Xerxes. 

ItKVcJv, uvog, r). Sicyon, a city of 
Achaia, situate to the northwest of 
Corinth, one of the oldest cities of 
Greece. 

Zticvtjvia, ag, ?/. Sicyonia, the ter- 
ritory of Sicyon, west of Corinthia, 
one of the members of the Achaean 
confederacy. 

^ikoviog, ov, 6. Silvius, son of 
J3neas, and third king of Alba. 

GlfJ.bg, 7), ov (adj.). Properly, flat- 
nosed. — Bent, turned up, oblique, 
steep. 
^Zt/iuvidng, ov, 6. Simbntdes, a cel- 
ebrated poet of Ceos, born at Iu- 
lis in that island, B.C. 566. 
otvdtov, ovog, 7). Fine linen, a fine 
garment (of cotton), a towel, a 
napkin, 
olvo/xat (dep. mid.), in Homer used 
only in the present and imperfect. 
To hurt, to injure, to destroy, to 
plunder. 



2KA 

'Livvecca, vg, V- Si7iuessa, a city 
of Campania, subsequently of New 
Latium, on the seacoast. 

SjvcjTrevc, fwc, 6. A Sinopian, an 
inluibitant of Sinope, a city of 
Asia, on the shores of the Euxine. 
It is now Sinub. 

1>lTxv?.og, ov, 6. Sipylus, a mountain 
of Lydia in Asia Minor, branching 
off from Mount Tmolus. 

Iilavtyog, ov, o. Sisyphus, a son of 
JEolus and Enaretta, the most 
crafty prince of the heroic age. 

oirapKEu, u, fut. -7jau (from alrog, 
and upKecj, to furnish). To fur- 
nish provisions, to provide with 
food, to feed, to board. 

c'lteu, a>, fut. -ycru, perf. aealrnna 
(from alrog). To feed, to nourish. 
— In the middle, to help one's self 
to food, to feed, upon, to eat, to 
feast upon, to live on. 

c'ltIov, ov, to (from alrog). Food, 
provisions, nourishment. 

dlrlaig, sue, t) (from alrifa, to feed). 
A nourishing or feeding, support, 
food. 

clrodeia, ag, t) (from alrog, and Seo- 
fiai, to xcant). A want of pro- 
visions, scarcity, a famine. 

dlrog, ov, 6. Wheat, corn, bread, 
food, provision. — In the plural, rd 
alra. 

clro(p6pog, ov (adj. from alrog, and 
oepcj, to bear). Producing grain, 
abounding in grain, fertile. 

aloTcaa), u, fut. -7Jacj, perf. aEaidixn- 
ica (from glcotztj). To remain si- 
lent, to refrain from speaking. 
See aljuu. 

GLtdTiij, ijg, i]. Silence. 

"Luaiai, uv, at (prop. fem. of anacog, 
with 7Tv2,ac understood). Proper- 
ly, the western gate. — The Sccean 
gate. 

cuacog, a, ov (adj.). Properly, left, 
on the left side. — Hence, unlucky, 
awkward. — Western, towards the 
west. 

iKapavdpiog, ov, 6. Scamandrius, 
the son of Hector and Andromache. 

gkcltttu, fut. GKaipG), perf. eaicd<pa. 
To dig. 

CKd(j>og, eog, to (from a/cunTo). A 
boat, a skiff, a vessel, a raft. 
C cc 



SKO 

GK&og, Eog, to. The leg.-^ln the 
plural, tu aKEkn, the legs, i. e., 
the long ivalls extending from the 
city of Athens to its harbour the 
Piraeus. 

GKETrufa, fut. -daa (from anETtag, a 
covering), same as 

gke~u, fut. aKEipcj, perf. EGKEQa. 
To cover, to protect, to defend, to 
conceal. 

aKEvdfa, fut. -dao), perf. eovceud/ca 
(from aiiEvri). To prepare, to ar- 
range, to get in readiness, to fit 
out, to attire, to put on. 

GKEvaala, ag, 7) (from gkevu^u). 
Preparation, equipment. 

ckevt), f/g, 7). Equipment, armour, 
dress, attire. 

atcevog, eog, to. A vase, a vessel. — 
A tool, an implement, a weapon, 
an article of dress, a piece of fur- 
niture. — Baggage. 

GKEvocbopog, ov (adj. from ansvog, and 
dspo), to carry). That carries 
baggage. — rd anEVodopa, beasts 
of burden. 

annvrj, rjg, 7). A tent, a hut, a stage, 
a scene. 

'2k7)~iuv, covog, 6. Scipio. 

aKijTTTpov, ov, to (from gktjtttu). A 
staff, a sceptre. 

aurj-KTo, fut. aKijipG), perf. EaKrj<pa. 
To place on the ground, to fix, es- 
pecially a staff for the purpose of 
supporting something. — In the 
middle, to rest one's self upon 
something, to lean upon for sup- 
port. — To dissemble, to pretend. 

aKid, ag, 7). A shadow, a shade. 

GKiddlov, ov, to (from amd). A 
shaded place, an arbour, a shaded 
walk. 

aiuprdo, w, fut. aKipTTjao, perf. eg- 
KipTUKa. To bound, to spring, to 
gambol, to skip. 

aKL-qpbg, u, ov (adj. from oit'kfjva.i, 
2d aor. inf. of gkeTJ^o, to dry up). 
Dry, hard, brittle, rough, difficult, 
harsh, rude, violent. 

aKAnporng, nrog, 7) (from aviknpog). 
Hardness, roughness, harshness, 
rude conduct. 

<7/co7T£?i,oc, ov, 6 (from anorcog). A 
height, an eminence, a lofty rock, 
a cliff. 

577 



2MA 
c/coTTew, cj, fut. GKOTrrjaG), perf. kofcoir- 

qua (from a/«07r6f). To observe 

narrowly, to examine, to survey, 

to consider, to aim at, to look at. 
monoc, ov, 6 (from Gneirrofiai, to 

look out around). A watcher, a 

scout. — An aim, an object, a mark. 
GKOpmog, ov, 6. The scorpion. 
CKvd/uaivu, fut. -fidvtb, perf. eoKvd- 

ftayKo. To be angry with, to be 

enraged against. 
HKV'&nc, ov, 6. A Scythian. 
l&KV&ia, aq, rj. Scythia, a general 

name given by the ancient Greeks 

and Romans to a large portion of 

Northern Asia. 
'Zkv&Ikoc, ti, ov (adj.). Scythian. 
OKvd-po7vu&, fut. -doco (from okv&- 

pwrroc). To have a morose aspect, 

to look sour. 
CKV&pwTcoc, rj, ov (adj. from oKV&poc, 

morose, and u%p, the countenance). 

Having a morose look, of gloomy 

aspect. 
GKv"ka£„ aitoc., 6. A young animal. 

— Commonly, a young dog, a 

whelp. 
iKvXla, rjg, r}. Scylla, a daughter 

of Nisus, king of Megara. 
okvTiov, ov, to (from gkvTOiu, to tear 

in pieces). A hide, anything 

stripped off. — Hence, spoils, booty, 

plunder. 
ffKVfivlov, ov, to (dim. of OK.vp.voc). 

A young animal, the young. 
CKV/jLvog, ov, 6. A young animal. 
onvrCikn, vc, 77 (from gkvtoc, a skin). 

A scytale, a cylindrical piece of 

wood with a piece of skin wrapped 

around, used by the Spartans for 

transmitting secret orders to their 

generals when abroad. 
gkvtXvoc, y, ov (adj. from gkvtoc, a 

skin). Made of leather, leathern. 
GKC)jip,a, utoc, to (from gkoixto). A 

sarcastic jest, sarcasm, raillery, 

a libel, a slander. 
gkutttio, fut. GKcJipo, perf. eoKoQa. 

To banter, to deride, to mock, to 

jest. 
op.au, d, fut. opjOG), perf. (from Gp.rj- 

%(o), eofj.r/x a (fr° m tne obsolete 

fidu, root of fiaGGO), to touch). To 

rub, to rub on, to wipe, to anoint, 

to embalm. 
578 



2IIA 

GfC7jvovpj6c, ov, 6 (from opijvoc, a 
swarm of bees, and epyov, work). 
One who has the care of bees. 

G/uvpva, vc, if. Myrrh. 

onvxu, fut. cpviju, perf. eop.vxa. To 
smoulder. — auvxofiai nvpi, to be 
consumed by a smouldering fixe. 

Hoavec, iov, ol. The Soanes, a brave 
and warlike race, inhabiting the 
summits of Mount Caucasus in 
Colchis, whose method of collect- 
ing the gold, washed down by the 
mountain torrents, in wool skins, 
is fabled to have given rise to the 
legend of the golden fleece. 

GoSeco, u, fut. -rjGo, perf. ceoSSnKCl. 
To move, to drive off, to urge for- 
ward. — Neuter, to hasten. 

2d/lcjv, uvoc, 6. Solon, one of the 
seven wise men of Greece, born 
in the island of Salamis ; elected 
archon and legislator of Athens 
B.C. 594. 

copoc, ov, v- A coffin, an urn, a 
sarcophagus. 

oog, of], gov (poss. pron. from ov). 
Thine. 

'Zovvlac, ddoc, r) (fem. adj.). Su- 
nian. 

LovvTov, ov, to. Sunlum, a celebra- 
ted promontory of Attica, forming 
the extreme southern point of that 
province. On it was a beautiful 
temple of Minerva, whence her 
appellation of Sunias. 

1,ovGa, cjv, to.. Susa, a celebrated 
city of Susiana in Persis, on the 
east side of the Eulaeus or Cho- 
aspes. 

^Lovoap.i'&pYjc, ov, 6. Susamithres. 

oo<pia, ac, r/ (from oo<j>6g). Wisdom. 

ootyioTfjc, ov, 6 (from oofyifa, to ren- 
der wise). A teacher of wisdom. 
— A sophist. 

?,o<poK?if}c, cove, 6. Sophocles, a 
celebrated Greek tragic poet, born 
at Colonus, B.C. 495. 

oo(f>6c, rj, ov (adj.). Wise. 

oiradaG), u, fut. -r}oo, perf. toiTadn- 
Ka (from oira&n, a weaver's tool 
for striking the threads together). 
To press the web with the beam. 
— Hence, to weave. — To squan- 
der, to consume. 

oiravifa, fut. -Xoa, perf. hoizdviKa 



sno 

(From gkuvic), and middle arraviC,- 
ojiat. To want, to be in want, to 
be destitute of. 

cttuvic, tog, y (from ciravog, scarce). 
Want, scarcity, indigence. 

awavioToc, y, ov (adj. from GTzavl^o). 
Lacking, standing in need, want- 
ing. — Passive, scarce. 

OTTdviug (adv. from Gndvcog, scarce). 
Scarcely, rarely, seldom. 

uirapydvov, ov, to (from Gitdpyo, to 
swathe). A swathing cloth ox 
band. 

Sirdpry, nc, r). Sparta, a celebrated 
city of Greece, the capital of La- 
conia, situated on the west bank 
of the Eurotas. Its remains are 
near the modern Misitra. 

liTTapTLurnc, ov, 6. A Spartan. 

oirao), C), fut. draco, perf. ecnraKa. 
To dravj, to drag, to draw up, to 
drink. 

GTceipo, fut. GTrepC), perf. zGrcapica, 
2d aor. eanapov. To sow, to scat- 
ter seed. 

GTceppa, droc, to (from CKeipo). 
Seed. 

OTT€vdu), fut. gitevgo), perf. egtcevkcl. 
To propel, to urge forward. — 
Mostly neuter, to press forward, 
to hasten, to exert one's self, to 
strive after. 

cirrfkaiov, ov, to (from oireoc, a cave). 
A cave, a grotto. 

CKV&dp,r), yg, y (from gtc%o, to ex- 
tend). A span. See note, page 
48, line 29. 

'Ziuvd-dpog, ov, 6. Spintharus. 

ciiXayxvevu, future -evgo, perfect 
emzTiuyxvevKa (from GTcTidyxvov). 
To inspect the entrails of a victim, 
to predict from the appearance of 
the entrails of a victim. 

<jn?idyxvov, ov, to (mostly in the 
plural), to. cirXayxva. The en- 
trails. 

criroyyia, ac, y. A sponge. 

CKoyyoc, ov, 6. A sponge. 

onovdr), yg, y (from enrevdo, to make 
a libation). A libation. — In the 
plural, al arrovdai, commonly, a 
treaty, a truce, because the hos- 
tile parties poured out libations in 
ratification of the contract thus 
entered into. 



2TE 

GKopoc, ov, 6 (from Grceipo). A 
sowing, seed, a crop. 

airovdd^u, fut. -ugo, perf. eonovdaica 
(from airovdr)). To be earnest or 
zealous, to apply earnestly, to 
strain every effort, to hasten. 

airovdr), yg, 7) (from GTvevdo). Ear- 
nestness, zeal, activity, diligence. 

GTzovdaiog, a, ov (adj. from Gizovdy). 
Zealous, active, upright, honest, 
excellent, worthy. 

GTuyuv, dvoc, 7) (from gtu^o, to fall 
in drops). A drop. 

GTadiov, ov, to. A stadium, a Gre- 
cian measure of length, containing 
606 feet, 10 inches. 

GTuficoc, ov, 6. Same as GTadiov. 

GTa&fioc, ov, d (from iGTajuac, to 
stand). A place where men or 
animals rest on a journey. — Hence, 
a halting or resting place, an inn, 
a stable. — A balance, a weight. — 
In the plural, tu GTa-&[id. 

GTdGid^o), fut. -ugo, perf. EGraGidKa 
(from gtuglc). To excite dissen- 
sion, to stir up revolt, to revolt, to 
quarrel, to disagree. 

GTdGig, ewe, y (from tGTauai, to stand, 
to rise up). A rising against 
lawful authority, sedition, discord, 
faction, revolt, a party. — Position, 
posture. 

^LrdTdvoe, y, ov (adjective from 2rd- 
Tdva, Statdna, a city of lower 
Italy). Statanian. — olvog, Stata- 
nian wine. 

Gravpog, ov, d. A cross, a stake. 

Gravpdo), o, fut. -ugo) (from aravpdc). 
To crucify. 

GTatyvTiy, yg, y. A grape, a bunch of 
grapes. 

GTsyy, ye, y (from ariyo, to cover). 
A roof, a ceiling, a covering. 

gte?i€x oc i £0C i T °- A trunk (of a 
tree). 

gteXKu, fut. gteTio, perf, eoraA/ca, 
2d aor. pass. EGrulyv. To send, 
to fit out, to equip, to array, to get 
ready. 

gtevu^o) and gtev&xo, fut. -df;o, 
perf. EGTEvdxa (forms of gtevo, to 
groan). To groan, to lament, to 
bewail, to sigh. 

GTEvdx^o), fut. -leu. Same as art-* 
vd&. 

579 



2T0 

crevog, rj, ov (adj.). Narrow, strait, 
close, crowded. — Pinched by want, 
in narrow circumstances. — ra gte- 
va, the straits. 

OTevG)7r6c, ov (adj. from arevoc, and 
gji/>, the eye). Where the view is 
confined within narrow bounds, 
narrow. — As a noun, 6 and y gte- 
vlj-oc, a lane, a narrow road. 

GTt-p-yu, fut. OTepZo, perf. earepxa. 
To love, to cherish, to be content 
with. 

arepeorrjc, yrog, y (from crepeSc, 
firm). Firmness, strength, hard- 
ness. 

arep[)6c, a, ov (adj. from lora/iai, to 
stand). Firm, compact, hard, sol' 
id. 

creppornc, yrog, y (from crepp'oc). 
Firmness, hardness, solidity. 

GT£<pdviGKog, ov, 6 (dim. of are<j)dvoc). 
A small crown, a wreath, a gar- 
land. 

GTE(j>avoc, ov, 6 (from gte<j>g)). A 
crown. 

arecpdvoo), fut. -ugu, perf. egte^uvo)- 
Ka (from artyavog). To crown. 

crecpoc, eoc, to, poetic for GTE<pdvog. 

GT£(f)CJ, fut. GTEl[j(0, perf. EOTEfpa. To 

crown. 
GT?j-&og, eoc, to. The breast. 
GTTJXn, yg, y (from iarnfii, to erect). 

A column. — at orrikai, the Pillars 

of Hercules, 
crypto, fut. arnpi^o), perf. EGTyptxa. 

To prop, to support. 
GTtSug, dSog, y (from gte16o), to tread). 

A bed or couch of straw or leaves. 
gt16evu, fut. -evgo), perf. EGTl6evKa 

(from gtel6o), to tread). To tread. 

— To follov) by track, to track or 

trace, to search out, to follow. 
GTlipoc, eoc, to (from the same). A 

troop, a crowd, a multitude. 
gti%oc, ov, 6 (from gtelxo), to march 

in a row). A rank, a row, a line. 
GTo'ki), yg, y (from gteXXu, to fit out). 

Attire, dress, a robe, a garment. 
oroTioc, ov, 6 (from gteXXo, to fit out). 

A fleet, an expedition. 
GTofia, aroc, to. The mouth, an 

opening. 
GTOfiiov, ov, to. Same as GTOfia. 
OTOvdxy, yg, V (from Grevaxo), to 

groan). A groan, lamentation. 
580 



2TP 

GTopyn, yg, ?/ (from GTcpyu). Love, 
affection. 

GTopivvvfii and Grpuvvv/u, fut. gto- 
piGo) and GTpuGio, perf. EGrpona, 
1st aor. pass. EGTpu&qv and EGrop- 
EG-frnv. To strew, to spread, to 
smooth down. 

GTOxu^op-ai, fut. -aGOfiai (from gto- 
Xog, a mark). To aim at, to have 
in view, to strive to attain, to ex- 
ert one's self, wilh the genitive. 

GTpdrEta, ag, y (from GrparEvto). A 
military expedition, a campaign. 

GTpuTEVfia, drog, to (from Grparsvu). 
An army. 

GTpaTEvio, fut. -evgo, perf. EGTpd- 
TEVKa (from Grparog), and middle 
GTpaTEvo/nac. To make a military 
expedition, to go on an expedition, 
to serve in war. 

GTpaTnyio), cj, fut. -tjgu, perf. eorpu- 
Trj-ynna (from GTparTjyog). To lead 
an army, to be a general, to hoxe 
the command of, to command. 

GTparyyia, ag, y (from Grparnyiu). 
The office of general, chief com- 
mand, conduct in command. 

Grpdryyog, ov, 6 (from Grparog, and 
dyo, to lead). A commander. 

GTpaTid, ag, y (from Grparog). An 
army. 

Grpariuryg, ov, 6 (from Grpartd). A 
soldier. 

GTpaTia)TLK.6g, 7], ov (adj. from Grpa- 
Titorng). Of or pertaining to sol- 
diers, military, warlike. — to Grpa- 
tiotikov, an army. 

'LrparoviKy, yg, y. Stratonice, a 
daughter of Demetrius Poliorce- 
tes, who married Seleucus, king 
of Syria. 

GTpdTOTredov, ov, to (from Grpardg, 
and nidov, a basis ox foundation). 
An encampment, an army estab- 
lished in camp, an army. 

Grparog, ov, 6 (from GTopivvv/xi). A 
camp, an encampment. — Mostly, 
an army. 

GTpe6X6(o, Ct, fut. -UGo, perf. eorpe- 
6?io)Ka (from GrpsBhog, twisted). 
To wind or twist with a screw or 
roller. — To torture, to put to the 
rack. 

GTp€(j)G)., fut. GTpElpO), perf. EGTpO<pa, 

perf. pass. EGrpaftfiai, 2d aor. act. 



2YB 

£crTpd<pov. To turn, to twist, to 
turn round. — In the middle, to 
turn one's self round, to return. 

arpov-&lov, ov, to (dim. of Grpov&og ). 
A small bird, a sparrow. 

CTpov&OKdunXog, ov, 6 (from orpov- 
■&6g, a sparrow, and Kdp.r)'Aog, a 
camel). An ostrich. 

1>Tpo<padic, ov, at (vtjgol). Stroph- 
ddes, two small islands in the Io- 
nian Sea, off the coast of Elis. 
They received this name from the 
circumstance of Zetes and Ca- 
lais having returned from thence 
(from GTpidopai, to return) after 
they had driven the Harpies thither 
from the table of Phineus. 

IZrpvpuv, ovog, 6. The Strymon, a 
large river of Thrace forming the 
boundary between that country 
and Macedonia. It is now the 
Karasou. 

GTpup,a, droc, to (from GTpuvvvpc, to 
spread). Anything spread out to 
lie on. — A bed, a couch, a couch- 
covering, a coverlet. 

OTvyspog, a, ov (adj. from arvyeco, 
to hate). Odious, hateful, dread- 
ful, drear, dismal. 

crvyvog, i], ov, contr. from cTvydvog 
(adj. from the same). Hateful, 
dismal, sad, harsh, cruel. 

crvTiog, ov, 6. A pillar, a column. 

2,Tvu(j>d?ag, Idog, r) (fem. adjective). 
Of Stymphdlus, Stymphalian. — 
XrvfupaXig 7\.ipvrj, r), Lake Stym- 
phalis, in Arcadia. — 2,TVU(pu?adeg 
opvlfteg or bpvetg, the Stymphalian 
birds. 

XrvpcpaXog, ov, r). Stymphdlus, a 
town of Arcadia, in the north- 
eastern angle, near the confines of 
Achaia. 

Srtif, Irvyog, r). The Styx, a river 
of the lower world. 

CTV(pe?u(^G), fut. -Uja (from Grvfyelog, 
close). To beat, to push away, to 
drive aivay. 

av, gen. gov (pers. pron.). Thou. 

2v6apig, log or Tdog, t). Sybdris, a 
city of Lucania, on the Tarentine 
Gulf, and noted for the luxury of 
its inhabitants. It was destroyed 
by the Crotoniats about B.C. 
510. 

C c c 2 



srr 

2v6aplT7]g, ov, 6. A Sybarite, an 
inhabitant of Sybaris. 

Gvyytveia, ag, r) (from Gvyytvrjg). 
Affinity, relationship, kindred. 

Gvyyevrjg, eg (adj. from gvv, with, 
and yivog, birth). Having a com- 
mon origin with, of the same fam- 
ily. — As a noun, 6, a relation. 

GvyynpuGKco, fut. -ynpuau, &c. (from 
gvv, with, and yvpuGKu, to grow 
old). To grow old with. 

GvyycyvuGKU, fat. -yvueopat, &c. 
(from gvv, with, and yiyvcoGKO), 
to be of opinion). To agree in 
opinion with. — To pardon, to for- 
give. 

Gvyyvufi-n, ng, i) (from GvyytyvuGKCj). 
Pardon, forgiveness. 

Gvyypappa, urog, to (from GvyypaQo). 
A writing, a treatise, a history. 

Gvyypu<pevg, tug, 6 (from Gvyypd<pu). 
. A writer, an author, an historian. 

ovyypu<j>u, fut. -ypdfu, &c. (from 
gvv, together, and ypd<pu, to write). 
To put down together in writing, 
to compose, to write, to prepare. 

GvyyvpvaGTrjg, ov, 6 (from gvv, to- 
gether, and yvpvaG-ijg, a teacher 
of gymnastics). A fellow-gym- 
nast. 

Gvye for gv. Thou for thy part, thou 
indeed, thou even thou. 

Gvynad-evdo, fut. -evdr/GO, &c. (from 
gvv, together, and Ka&Evdu, to lie 
down to sleep). To lie down with, 
to sleep with. 

Gvynatpog, ov (adj. from gvv, with, 
and naipog, a season). Seasona- 
ble, opportune. 

Gvyna?Jo, C), fut. -na?JG(o, &c. (from 
gvv, together, and Ka?Ju, to call). 
To call together, to invite, to con- 
voke. — ol GvyKeK?i,np,£voi, the in- 
vited guests. 

GvyKd?iVTTTu, fut. -K.a7^vipo, &c. (from 
gvv, with, and KaXvirru, to cover). 
To cover with, to cover up, to hide 
away. 

Gvynapvo, fut. -Kapu, &c. (from gvv, 
with, and Kapvu, to labour). To 
labour with, to partake in the toil 
of, to assist, to help. 

GvyicaTadaivG), future -SriGojuat, &c. 
(from gvv, together, and KaraBai- 
vu, to descend). To descend with, 
581 



2YA 
to go down together, to engage in, 
to submit to. 

ovyKaradvvo), fut. dvoo, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and Karadvo or -dvvo), 
to sink). To sink with, to go 
down along with. 

ovyKaranaiG), fut. -navou, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and KaraKalu, to con- 
sume). To burn up along with, 
to consume together with. 

cvyKaTaofcvvvfiL, fut. -cfjecu, &c. 
(from ovv, with, and KaTaoSevvv- 
/u, to quench). To extinguish 
together with, to destroy utterly. 

avyKSLfxai, fut. -ne'ico/uai, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and Kelfiai, to lie). To 
lie with, to be joined together, to 
consist of. 

avyK'Aeio), fut. -icXeioco, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and Kleiu, to shut). 
To shut together, to shut in. 

ovytcTiyroc, ov, y (from ovyKd7du>, to 
call together). The senate. 

ovyicplvco, fut. -Kpivu, &c. (from ovv, 
together, and uplvo, to judge). To 
place things together in order to 
judge, to compare. 

ovyfcpoTeo, Co, fut. -Kporrjoo, &c. 
(from ovv, together, and Kporeoo, 
to strike). To strike together, to 
clap, to unite, to collect, to organize. 

ovynpovco, fut. -Kpovoco, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and upovu, to strike). 
To strike or dash together, to bring 
into collision, to join together. 

cvyxaipu, fut. -^apw, &c. (from ovv, 
with, and x al P u ) to rejoice). To 
rejoice with. 

ovyxopevu), fut. -xopevoa, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and x°pz vu i to dance). 
To dance with. 

ovyxcopeu, Co, future -x^pyou, &c. 
(from cvv, with, and ^wpew, to go). 
To go with. — Mostly, to concede, 
to grant, to pardon. 

OVKOV, OV, TO. A Jig. 

cvKO(j)avTeo), Co, fut. -tjoio (from ovuo- 
<pdvryc, an informer). To inform 
against, to calumniate, to slander, 
to denounce. 

ovXhajifrnvii, future -lir/ipo/iai, &c. 
(from ovv, with, and Xa/j,6dvo, to 
seize). To seize together with, to 
lay hold of, to seize upon, to grasp. 
— To succour. 
582 



2YM 

ovfiSalvo), fut. -Sijoofzat, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and )3aivco, to go). 
To go together, to come together, 
to meet, to agree. — Impers., ovp,- 
6aiv£L, it happens, it is fitting, it 
suits. — to ovfjb6e6yKoc, xohat has 
occurred, a peculiarity ; and in the 
plural, to. ov/j.6e6yKOTa, occurren- 
ces, the attributes of a thing. — ra 
ovftdavra, the things that have 
happened, the occurrences. 

ovjuddllo), fut. -6u"kCo, &c. (from ovv, 
together, and j3dX2,co, to cast). To 
cast together, to unite, to connect, 
to compare, to strike together, to 
contend, to engage with, to appoint. 
— In the middle, to meet with, to 
contribute to. 

ovp-SaotXevco, fut. -evoco, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and fSaotlevco, to reign). 
To reign with. 

ov/iSiwoic, eug, rj (from ovjiBloco, to 
live together). A living together, 
a community, union. 

ov/j.6olov, ov, to (from ovfiSdXkto) 
A sign, a token, a symbol. 

ovfi&ovXevo, future -SovXevou, &c. 
(from ovv, together, and fiovlevu, 
to counsel). To give advice to, 
to counsel, to advise. 

ovp,6ovloc, ov, 6 and y (from ovv, 
with, and (3ov"ky, counsel). An 
adviser, a counsellor. 

ovfifxaxia, ac, y (from ov^fiax^o, to 
be an ally in war). An alliance, 
a confederacy, assistance. 

ovfifj.dxoc, ov (adj. from ovv, together 
with, and fidxo/uat, to fight). Al- 
lied with, friendly. — As a noun, 
an ally or confederate in war, a 
fellow-combatant. 

cvfi/uevu, fut. -jievC), &c. (from ovv. 
with, and p.evco, to remain). To 
remain with, to continue, to persist. 

cvfi/uiyvv/it, fut. -fii^cj, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and jxiyvvfii, to mingle). 
To mingle with, to intermingle, to 
blend, to mix together. — In the 
middle, to mingle with, to confer 
with. 

ov/u/xioyo), poetic for ovfi/j.iyvvp,c. 

ov/xirai^co, fut. -'rraiijo/j.ai, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and naifa, to play). 
To play with, to sport together. 

ovfiTzapad-eu), future -■&evoo/.iai, &c. 



ZYM 
(from avv, together with, and izapa- 
&eu), to run by the side of). To 
run along with, to run by the side 

crv/Lnrdpeifit, fut. -iaofiat (from avv, 
with, and rrdpecpi, to be present). 
To be present xcith. 

cvfiirac, -irdoa, -rcav (adj. from avv, 
together, and itug, all). All to- 
gether, the whole. 

av/jiTctlaxo), fut. -TCEcaopac, &c. (from 
avv, with, and rcdoxu, to suffer). 
To suffer along with. — To syxn- 
paihize with. 

avfiTrettia), future --ire'iao), &c. (from 
avv, with, and irs'ido, to persuade). 
To persuade along with, to prevail 
upon, to influence, to move by en- 
treaty. 

ov/xttIvo), fut. -rciopat, &c. (from 
avv, with, and ttZvu, to drink). 
To drink with, to drink together. 

avuTTCTTTo, fut. -Treaovpcu, &c. (from 
avv, together, and tcltttu, to fall). 
To fall together, to meet, to come 
into contact, to fall down. — avp- 
"kitttuv etc fj,dxnv, to engage in 
battle with. 

cry/ZTT/le/ccj, fut. -TtXe^u, &c. (from 
avv, together, and tt?o£ko), to 
weave). To bind or weave to- 
gether, to intwine, to interweave. 
— avfi7T?\,£Ko/j.ai, to come to blows 
with, to join battle with, to grapple 
with. 

av/j,ir?t,£Gj, fut. -ir~Aevaopcu, &c. (from 
avv, with, and tcXscj, to sail). To 
sail with. 

Svfnrhvyadec, cov, at (Trerpac under- 
stood). The Symplcgddes (i. e., 
the dashers-together-, from avv, to- 
gether, and nXr/aou, to dash), a 
name applied to the Cyaneae, from 
their supposed collision when ves- 
sels attempted to pass. See Kv- 
dveai. 

avju.irTi'npoG), u, fut. -irXypuau, &c. 
(from avv, denoting completion, 
and 7v?>.np6o, to Jill). To fill com- 
pletely, to fill up. 

avfinlooc, oov, contr. avfi^ovc, ovv 
(adj. from ovp.TT?Jo). Sailing 
with, accompanying on a voyage. 
— As a noun, the companion of a 
voyage, a companion. 



2YN 

avurrviu, fut. -TTvevau, &c. (from 
avv, with, and nveu, to blow). To 
blow with, to join. 

avinzoacov, ov, to (from avfiirlvu). 
A drinking together, a banquet, a 
banqueting -hall, a saloon. 

avjiTT-orvc, ov, 6 (from avpnlvu). A 
table companion, a guest. 

avfiKpuaacj, fut. -Trpd^u, &c. (from 
avv, with, and Tvpuaau, to do). 
To do along with, to perform joint- 
ly, to sympathize, to help. 

avfxivprj'&c,), fut. -rrp^ao), perf. avfnve- 
Ttpyna (from avv, with, and npy^co, 
to burn). To burn with. 

avfxirruaic, euc, n (from avprnixru, 
to meet). A meeting, a concur- 
rence. 

av/Mpepo, fut. -oiao, &c. (from avv, 
together, and (pipcj, to bring). To 
bring together, to collect, to con- 
tribute, to be profitable or useful, 
to assent to. — to avu(j)epov, that 
which is of advantage or profit, 
advantage. — In the middle, to come 
together, to flow, to stream. — In 
the passive, to be borne together. 

av/Mpevyu, fut. -(p£v^ofj.ac, &c. (from 
avv, together, and (pevyu, to flee). 
To flee together with, to flee away, 
to escape to. 

avp.6-driyyop.ai, fut. -<f>&ey!;0[iai, &c. 
(from avv, with, and (j>-&iyyofzat, 
to speak). To speak with, to 
agree with, to accompany. 

av/Lt^Xiyu, fut. -§li%u, perf. avfiTzefy- 
Tiexa, (from avv, together, and 
fyleyu, to burn). To burn togeth- 
er, to burn with. 

avp.<popd, tig, ri (from avpipepo). An 
accident, a misfortune, a calamity. 

avp(f)V7Jc, ec (adj. from avutyva), neut., 
to grow together). Grown togeth- 
er, united by nature, naturally co- 
herent, placed together. 

avv (prep.), governs the dative only. 
With, together with, in company 
with, &c. — In composition it de- 
notes concurrence in action, asso- 
ciation, union, collection, comple- 
tion or fulfilment of an action, and 
frequently merely strengthens the 
force of the simple verb. 

avvayuvaKTeto, w, fut. -yau, &c. 
(from avv, and dyavaKTeu, to be 
583 



2YN 
angry). To share in the indigna- 
tion of another. 
avvayeMfa, fut. -aero (from ovv, to- 
gether, and dyeXd^o, to herd). To 
bring together into a herd, to unite 
with a herd. — In the middle, to 
herd together or vrith. 
uvvdyu, fut. -ago, &c (from ovv, 
together, and uyu, to lead). To 
draw together, to collect, to lead 
together, to gather, to unite, 
ovvado, fut. -aoo, &c. (from ovv, 
with, and ado, to sing). To sing 
with, 
ovvad-poifa, future -w&poiou, &c. 
(from ovv, together, and d-&poifa, 
to assemble). To assemble to- 
gether, 
ovvaelpu, poetic for ovvaipo. 
uvvaipeo), £>, fut. -acprjou, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and alpeu, to take). 
To take together, to collect, to de- 
stroy, to capture, 
ovvaipo), fut. ovvdpcb, &c. (from ovv, 
together, and alpu, to raise). To 
raise together, to assist in raising, 
to lift with. — To take away, to 
seize upon, 
ovvaiod-avofiai, fnt-atod-ijooiuai,, &c. 
(from ovv, with, and alod-dvo/uai, 
to perceive) , To perceive with or 
at the same time, to have a fellow 
feeling with, to be conscious of, to 
feel certain of. 
ovvavrao), ti, fut. -avrrjocj, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and avrdco, to meet). 
To meet with, to light upon, to go 
to meet. 
ovvanolXvfxi, future -airoTieoo, &c. 
(from ovv, with, and arcoKkvyn, to 
destroy). To destroy together with. 
— In the middle, to perish with. 
ovvcltcto, fut. -dipo), &c. (from ovv, 
together, and uttto, to fasten). 
To fasten together, to unite, to 
join, to hang together, to meet to- 
gether. 
ovvapTrd^o), fut. -aprraoo, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and dpird^o), to carry 
off). To carry off together or at 
once, to carry off, to seize, to plun- 
der. 
ovvapTdo, fi, fut. -aprr/ov, &c. (from 
ovv, together with, and dprdu, to 
hang up). To hang up together 
584 



2TN 
with, to join together, to ft to, to 
unite with, 
ovvdeo, fut. -drjoo, &c. (from ovv, 
together, and 6io, to bind). To 
bind together, to fasten with, to 
chain to. 
ovvdtairpdooo), Attic -Trpdrru, fut. 
-7rpufw, &c. (from ovv, with, and 
diarrpdoocj, to accomplish). To 
effect in conjunction with, to bring 
about by means of, to manage with, 
to take part in the management of. 

ovvdiaftieipo, fut. -<p&ep£), &c. (from 
ovv, with, and diaf&eipo, to de- 
stroy). To destroy along with, to 
aid in destroying. 

ovvdid)KO), future -6iu^co, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and Skjkcj, to pursue). 
To pursue together with, to join 
in the pursuit. 

ovvedpiov, ov, to (from ovv, with, 
and idpa, a sitting). Literally, a 
sitting together. — The sitting of a 
council, an assembly. 

ovveido, future -eioo/uai, &c. (from 
ovv, denoting completion, and eldu, 
to know). To know thoroughly, 
to feel conscious of, to feel within 
one's self, to feel certain of, to per- 
ceive. 

ovvei/ut, fut. -ioojiai (from ovv, with, 
and elfii, to be). To be with, to 
associate with, to be on terms of 
intimacy with. — ovvelvat r& dpio- 
to) {3i(o, to be in communion with 
the happiest life, i. e., to lead the 
happiest life. 

ovveifu, fut. -eioofiai, &c (from ovv, 
with, and elfit, to go). To go 
along with, to come with, to ac- 
company. 

ovvetocpepo), fut. -eiooioo, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and elotyepu, to con- 
tribute). To contribute together 
with. 

ovvenCdTJiG), fut. -6a2,u, &c. (from 
ovv, together, and kuddTCka, to 
eject or banish). To banish at the 
same time. 

ovveK7Tefj,7TG), fut. -nifitpco, &c. (from 
ovv, with, and eKTrefiwo), to send 
forth). To send forth together 
with. 

ovvcKirlto), future -TrXevoofxai, &c. 
(from ovv, with, and £kttM(m>, to 



2TN 
sail out). To sail out along with, 
to join a naval expedition. 

GweKfipw, fut. -e^ocgu, &c. (from 
avv, with, and knfepcj, to bear 
forth). To bring forth together 
with, to make manifest at the same 
time with. 

cvvEAavvu, fut. -e?mgo, &c. (from 
gvv, together, and EAavvu, to 
drive). To drive together, to 
bring into contact, to drive. 

avue^atpeu, u, future -aLprjGCd, &c. 
(from avv, together, and E^acpeu, 
to take out). To take out or away 
together, to remove together with, 
to assist in removing or destroying. 

CVV£^avlGTT][XL, fut. -avacTTjou, &c. 
(from avv, together, and E^avlarn- 
fjiL, to cause to arise). To cause to 
arise together or at the same time. 
— As a neuter, in perf. and 2d aor., 
to arise as one man. 

avvino/iai, fut. -ifo/uai, (from avv, 
with, and ETzouat, to follow). To 
follow with, to accompany, to at- 
tend. 

avvep-yicj, £>, fut. -TJao, perf. avvnp- 
■yrjKa (from ovvepyoc). To work 
with, to aid one in his work, to co- 
operate in, to assist. 

gvv spy 6c ov, 6 and r] (from avv, with, 
and epyov, a work). An assist- 
ant. 

cvvipxo/LLai, future -eAevaofiai, &c. 
(from avv, with, and Ipxopai, to 
come or go). To come with, to go 
with, to come together, to meet, to 
be present. 

gvveglc, eag, r/ (from awinfit). Intel- 
ligence, judgment, understanding. 

avvEGTido, 6>, future -egtlugg), &c. 
(from avv, together, and egtiucj, to 
receive into one's house). To en- 
tertain a guest at one's house. — 
In the middle, to feast with. 

cvvetoc, t), bv (adj. from GWiy/it). 
Intelligent, prudent, wise. 

avvevverng, ov, 6 (from avv, with, 
and evvrj, a couch). A spouse. 

ovvsxeta, ac, rj (from avv ex?} c). Per- 
severance, permanency, constancy. 

avvEXMi &S ( a dj- from awixu)- Con- 
nected with, joined together, con- 
tinuous, next to, bordering upon, 
frequent, habitual, constant. — 



2TN 
Neuter, as an adverb, avvexic, un- 
ceasingly, frequently. 

ovvixo, fut. -££w and -oxv°' >, &c. 
(from avv, together, and e^w, to 
hold). To hold together, to hold 
fast, to fasten. 

avvexic (adv. from gvvexvc). Con- 
tinually, constantly, frequently, 
connectedly. 

avvfj&eLa, ac, tj (from avvf)-&r)c). Fa- 
miliar intercourse, habit, familiar- 
ity, custom, a practice. 

Gwrj-dnc, sc (adj. from avv, together, 
and rrdog, an abode). Dwelling 
together. — Hence, familiar, inti- 
mate, accustomed, trusty. 

own-froc (adv. from awf/&nc). Con- 
stantly. 

GW7]p£<pr)c, ec (adj. from avvnpE(po>, 
to overshadow). Overshadowed, 
covered, shaded. 

Gvv&EGig, ewf, rj (from GvvTi-&n/j.i, to 
place togetlier). A composition, 
combination. 

avv&npdo, cj, future -&npdao, &c. 
(from gvv, together, and {rnpao, to 
hunt). To hunt in company, to 
aid in hunting or pursuing. 

gvvlvul, fut. avvrjau, &c. (from avv, 
together, and In/it, to send). To 
send together. — To comprehend, 
to perceive, to understand, to ob- 
serve, to mark. 

avvLKETEvcd, fut. -Evau, &c. (from 
avv, with, and lketevu, to suppli- 
cate). To supplicate with, to offer 
up prayers with. 

cvviarrifit, fut. avvGrrjau, &c. (from 
gvv, together, and larrjut, to place). 
To place together, to establish, to 
set on foot, to bring forward, to 
introduce, to plan, to collect. — To 
ensue. — With the accusative and 
dative, to recommend to. 

GVWEufa, fut. -veugg), perf. gvvve- 
veuKa (from gvv, with, and vEafa, 
to be young). To pass one's youth 
with. 

avvvecpT/c, ec (adj. from gvv, with, and 
vtyoc, a cloud). Covered with 
clouds, cloudy, shaded. 

Gvvvofioc, ov (adj. from gvv, togeth- 
er, and veucj, to pasture). Pastu- 
ring together, grazing together, 
feeding in company. 

585 



2TN 

avvvooc, oov, contr. avvvovc, ovv 
(adj. from avv, intensive, and vooc, 
vovc, mind) . Wrapped in thought, 
contemplative, pensive. 

avvodoc, ov, rj (from avv, with, and 
666c, a way). A meeting, an as- 
sembly, company. 

ovvouceu, u, fut. -ijau, &c. (from 
avv, with, and oUeo), to dwell). 
To dwell with, to dwell together, 
to inhabit, to colonize, to hold 
communion with, to labour under. 

cvvolkI^u, fut. -olkIoo, &c. (from 
avv, with, and oinifa, to cause to 
dwell). To cause to dwell with or 
together, to give in marriage, to 
plant a colony. 

avvoloc, ov (adj. from avv, together, 
and o?ioc, the whole). All togeth- 
er. — Generally in the neuter, to 
avvoXov, the whole, all together. — 
Also, to avvoTiov, adverbially, in 
fine, on the whole, in general. 

avvojitMu, €>, fut. -t]go, &c. (from 
avv, with, and o/alTiio, to associ- 
ate). To associate with, to keep 
company with. 

avvopoc, ov (adj. from avv, with, and 
opoc, a boundary). Bordering 
upon, contiguous, adjoining. 

avvovala, ac, rj (from pres. part, of 
avveipc, to be together). An as- 
sembly, a meeting, a festival. 

avvra^tc, cue, rj (from avvrdaato). 
A collection, an array, arrange- 
ment. 

avvruaao), fut. -rafw, &c. (from avv, 
together, and Tuaau, to arrange). 
To place together in proper order, 
to arrange, to draw up in battle 
array, to dispose. 

avvrekeia, ac, rj (from avvreMu). 
Accomplishment, perfection, ter- 
mination, completion. 

avvreleu, £), fut. -Teteau, &c. (from 
avv, together, and retecj, to bring 
to an end). To terminate com- 
pletely, to bring about with, to ac- 
complish, to perfect, to produce, to 
fulfil. 

avvTidnfiL, fut. avv&^au, &c. (from 
avv, together, and tl&ij/xi, to place). 
To place together, to compose, to 
arrange, to prepare, to invent, to 
make. 
586 



2T2 

avvTOvoc, ov (adj. from avvrelvu, to 
strain). Strained, vigorous, se- 
vere, strong. 

avvrpexco, fut. -dpa/iov/iai, &c. (from 
avv, together, and rpexu, to ran). 
To run together, to assemble, to 
collect, to concur. 

avvrpl6cj, fut. -rpiipG), &c. (from avv, 
together, and rplSu, to rub). To 
rub together, to grind, to crush. 

avvrpotyoc, ov (adj. from avvrpe^u, 
to rear or bring up with). Brought 
up with, familiar. — Domestic. 

avvTvyxavu, future -rei'^ojuac, &c. 
(from avv, with, and rvyxavu, to 
meet). To meet with, to fall in 
with, to have a conference with. 

avvTvpavvog, ov, 6 (from avv, with, 
and Tvpavvoc, a tyrant) A fel- 
low-tyrant. 

avvupic, idoc (probably from avv, to- 
gether, and aeipu, to raise, to 
bear). A team, a pair, a span, a 
chariot. 

'Evpla, ac, rj. Syria, a country of 
Asia Minor, on the coast of the 
Mediterranean. 

avptyZ, tyyoc, rj (probably from av- 
po>). The syrinx, the shepherd's 
pipe or reed. See note, page 178, 
line 11. 

avpifa, fut. avpi^u, perf. aeavpcxa 
(from avpiy%). To play on the 
pipe. 

avppeu, future -pevao/j,at, &c. (from 
avv, together, and peo, to flow). 
To flow together, to run into. 

IZvpTic, ecoc and Idoc, 57. A quick- 
sand. — In the plural, al Ivprecc, 
uv, the Syrtes, two bays or gulfs 
on the coast of Africa, of which 
one was called Syrtis Major, now 
styled by sailors Gulf of Sydra, 
the other Syrtis Minor, now Gulf 
of Cabes. The name Syrtis is 
generally derived from avpu, to 
drag, but comes more probably 
from the term Sert, a desert tract. 

avpo, fut. avpti, perf. aeavpna. To 
draw, to drag, to tear, to agitate, 
to wash down. 

avg, cvoe, 6 and rj. A swine, a boar, 
a hog, a sow. 

avaneWu, fut. avaKkr]ao\iai, perf. 
avvianhT]Ka } 2d aor. avveanfajv 



2<&A 
(from avv, together, and aaeTJiu, 
to dry). To dry up together. 

avaKTjvog, ov, 6 (from avv, vrith, and 
GKTjvri, a tent). A tent-mate, a 
comrade, a fellow- soldier. 

Gv<jKid&, fut. -dan (from avv, to- 
gether, and aKLufa, to shade). To 
overshadow, to cover with shade. 

avanwc, ov (adj. from avv, with, and 
GKia, a shadow). Covered with 
shade, shady, overshadowed. 

avaalrwv, ov, to (from avv, together, 
and alroc, food). A meal eaten 
in common, a common eating-hall. 

cvaTuaie, euc, v (from avviaTrj^i, to 
place together). Structure, con- 
struction, form, make, condition, a 
frame. 

avareTJio, fut. -arcTiC), &c. (from 
avv, together, and areTCku, to 
send). To send together, to draw 
together, to contract, to retrench, 
to reduce. 

GvarpaTevt), fut. -evau, &c. (from 
avv, with, and arparevo), to go on 
an expedition). To go on an ex- 
pedition with, to perform military 
service with. 

avxvoc, i], ov (adj.). Crowded, fre- 
quent, continual, connected, long, 
abundant. 

ctydyf], rjc, r\ (from a<pd£o). Slaugh- 
ter, immolation, an execution. 

a<j)d£u, Attic acp&TTG), future acpd^u, 
perf. catpdxa, 2d aor. pass. ea<f>u- 
ynv. To slaughter, to slay, to 
immolate, to put to death, to kill. 

a(j>atposidf/c, eg (adj. from a<paipa, a 
globe, a sphere, and sldoc, appear- 
ance). Spherical, resembling a 
sphere. 

atyaTiepoe, d, ov (adj. from afydTCku). 
Slippery, deceitful, treacherous, 
da?igerous, deceptive, insecure, tot- 
tering, ready to fall. 

ctydTCko, fut. atydXu, perf. tafyaTina. 
To move or shake from its place, 
to cause to totter, to stagger, to 
deceive, to mislead. — Neuter, to 
totter, to be ready to fall, to be in- 
secure. 

afydXua, droc, to (from afydTiko). 
A slip, a fall, a false step, an 
error. 

C(j>dTTu, Attic for a(j)d&. 



ixn 

a(f>e, epic and Ionic for a<j>eac, afyde, 
ace. pi. of a<pelc. 

atyeic, neut. acpia, gen. atyeov, Ionic 
for a<p£)v, dat. a<plai, ace. ctydc, 
poetic atyeac (plural of the pron. of 
3d pers., nom. wanting, gen. ov, 
&c). They, &c. 

atyevdovn, nc, ?j. A sli?ig. 

a^erept^cj, fut. -Tau (from acbirepog, 
your, his oion), and middle aepc- 
Tept^ofiat. To make your own, to 
appropriate to one's self. 

afyrjv, a<l>nv6c, 6 (akin to acptyyo). 
A wedge. 

a<pnvou, <j, fut. -6au, perf. ea^rjvuKa 
(from acprjv). To wedge, to cleave 
vnth wedges, to wedge open. 

LtyfiTTLoc, ov, 6. A Sphettian, one 
of the borough of Sphettus, in At- 
tica. 

atyiyyo, fut. a<j)ly^o), perf. eacpiyxa. 
To draw or press together, to con- 
strict, to squeeze, to contract. 

"Epiyt;, tyyog, rj. The Sphinx, a fab- 
ulous monster, having the head and 
breast of a woman, the body and 
claws of a lion, and the tail of a ser- 
pent. It infested the neighbour- 
hood of Thebes, and destroyed 
those who could not solve the 
riddle proposed by it to them. 

afyodpd (adv. from a<j>odpoc, violent). 
Violently, forcibly, fiercely, much, 
strongly, very, excessively. 

acpodpug (adv.), same as a<f>6dpa. 

atppdytg, Idog, i). A seal, an impres- 
sion. 

afyvprjTidrog, ov (adj. from a(j)vpa, a 
hammer, and elavvu, to drive). 
Wrought with the hammer, beat 
out with the hammer. 

aepvpov, ov, to. The ankle. 

axedla, ag, r) (prop. fern, of axeSiog, 
hastily done, with vavg under- 
stood). A vessel built in haste, a 
raft or float. 

axedov (adv.). Near. — Nearly, al- 
most. — In Attic with tl generally. 
— axedov tl, nearly, almost. — 
Perhaps. 

GxtTXiog, a, ov (adj.). Harsh, 
cruel, indefatigable, wretched, un- 
happy. 

cr^ua, drog, to (from £#«, to have, 
to hold). Form, figure, posture, 
587 



2 £2$ 

gesture, air, attire, dress, rank, 
dignity. 

o^'fw, fut. gxlgcj, perf. eaxlua. To 
split, to cleave, to divide. 

cjxocvoc, ov, 6 and y. A sort of 
rash, especially of an aromatic 
species. 

CT^oAa^w, fat. -ugh, perf. eGXo"kdna 
(from axoTiTj). To be at leisure, 
to have leisure, to be at rest, to be- 
stow one's leisure time upon, to 
apply to, to enjoy leisure with. — 
To be a pupil of. 

exoka'a^q (adv. from Gxo"kalog, at 
leisure). Leisurely, indolently, 
idly. 

oxohaofiKoe, fj, ov (adj. from Gxoly). 
Enjoying (learned) leisure, devo- 
ted to study, studious. — As a noun, 
a student. — In later writers, a 
simpleton. 

^X°^Vi V£> Vi Doric o^o/la, ag, a. 
Leisure, freedom from occupation, 
rest. — A school. 

c6&, fut. gugcj, perf. aeaoKa. To 
save, to preserve, to keep safe, to 
liberate, to rescue. 

2uk[)utt]c, eoc contr. ovc, 6. Soc- 
rates, the most illustrious of the 
Grecian philosophers. 

1,o)KpaTtii6g, ov, 6. A disciple of 
Socrates, a Socratic philosopher. 

aufia, utoc, to. The body. 

"Zugtdutoc, ov, 6. Sostrdtus. 

cuxTTpov, ov, to (from erw£w). A re- 
ward given for saving, salvage. 

cuTTjp, f/pog, 6 (from gu^cj). A saver, 
a preserver, a deliverer. 

coTvpia, ac, i] (from Guryp). Pres- 
ervation, salvation, delivery from 
danger, safety. 

oio(f)povt'0), G>, fut. -TjGG), perf. gegu- 
(j>p6vnica (from Gutypuv). To be of 
sound mind, to be in his right 
senses, to be wise or prudent, to 
be discreet, to become rational, to 
be chaste. 

GotypoGvvn, rig, y (from Gaxppuv). 
Soundness of mind, discretion, 
prudence, probity, discreetness of 
deportment, continence, chastity. 

Gtj<ppuv, ov (adj. from Goog, G&g, 
sound, and typrjv, mind). Sound 
of mind, discreet, prudent, wise, 
moderate, chaste, sensible. 
588 



TAN 



Td fcal Td, Doric for ttj koX Ty (odtb 
understood). In this direction and 
in that. 

Taivdplog, a, ov (adj.). Tanarian, 
of Tanarus. 

Taivupog, ov, 6. Tcendrus, a prom- 
ontory of Laconia, forming the 
southernmost point of the Pelo- 
ponnesus. It is now Cape Mata- 
pan. 

ratvia, ag, y (from reivu, to stretch 
out). A band, a fillet, a strip of 
land. 

raKTog, y, ov (adj. from tuggo, to 
arrange). Arranged, in proper 
order. 

Ta?iavrov, ov, to. A talent, a sum 
of money. The Attic talent of 
silver was worth ten hundred and 
fifty-five dollars, fifty-nine cents ; 
but the Attic talent of gold, ten 
thousand five hundred and fifty-five 
dollars, ninety-three cents. 

Takag, atva, av (adj. from TaXdo, to 
suffer). Wretched, miserable, un- 
fortunate. 

TaXka, by crasis for tu. dXka, used 
adverbially. As for the rest, final- 
ly, besides. 

Tauelov and Tapiielov, ov, to. A 
magazine, a storehouse, a granary. 

Tapiievu, fut. -evgo) (from Ta/nlag, a 
steward). To manage, to provide 
as a steward. — In the middle, to 
provide for one's self, to divide 
among one another. 

Tafiirj, vg (epic and Ionic for rapi'ia, 
ag), y, and with yvvrj expressed, 
yvvy Tajiirj, the female housekeeper. 

rdv. See w tuv. 

t&v, Dor. for Trjv, and ravSe for 
Trjvde. 

Tdva'ig, iSog, 6. The Tandis, now 
the Don, a large river of Europe, 
emptying into the Palus Maeotis. 

TdvTa?\.og, ov, 6. Tantalus, a king 
of Phrygia, punished by the gods 
for divulging their secrets unto 
mortals, by being placed up to the 
chin in water, and tormented with 
insatiable thirst, while the water 
eluded his lips as often as he at- 
tempted to taste it. 



TAY 

tuvvv for to. vvv adverbially. Now, 
at the present moment. 

tu£lc, etoc, i] (from rdaau). An ar- 
rangement, an office, an employ- 
ment, a duty, regulation, order. 

Tarretvoc, i}, ov (adj.)- Humble, low, 
mean, small, submissive, lowly, 
of modest deportment. 

Taireivou, u, fut. -6ow, perf. tetu- 
TTUvuna (from raTreivog). To de- 
press, to make low, to reduce, to 
humble, to humiliate. 

ra-KELvut (adv. from raneLvoc). In 
a lowly manner, humbly, meanly, 
servilely. 

TarteivuGiq, eoc, rj (from raivEivow). 
Debasement, humiliation. 

Tarrnc, nrog, 6. A coverlet, a carpet. 

Tapdvrivoi, uv, ol. The Taren- 
tines, the inhabitants of Taren- 
tum, a city of lower Italy, on the 
Tarentine Gulf. It is now Ta- 
ranto. 

rapdaau, Attic rapdrro), fut. rapufcj, 
perf. TETupaxa. To stir up, to 
disturb, to throw into confusion, to 
terrify, to agitate. 

rapax^rjc, eg (adj. from rapaxw, dis- 
order, and eldog, appearance). 
Like a disorderly assemblage, in 
commotion, tumultuous, disturb- 
ing, stormy. 

Tapdio), ti, fut. -rjcro), perf. TETupftvua 
(from rdpSog, fear). To be terri- 
fied at, to stand in awe of, to fear. 

rapZxcvu, fut. -evoo), perf. TsrapixEv- 
Ka (from rdplxog, anything salted, 
preserved, or embalmed). To pre- 
serve flesh, to salt, to pickle, &c. 
— In the case of dead bodies, to 
embalm. 

rapobc, ov, 6 (from repau, to dry up). 
A pinion, a wing. 

Tdprdpog, ov, 6. Tartarus, one of 
the regions of the lower world, 
where the wicked are punished. — 
Also, one of the earliest of the 
Grecian deities. 

TapTrjcoLoc, ov, 6. A Tartessian, 
an inhabitant of Tartessus. 

rdoau, fut. rd^o, perf. Terdxa, 2d 
aor. erdyov. To arrange, to dis- 
pose, to assign, to place in order, 
to dravj up. 

Tavyerog, ov, 6. Taygetus, part of 
Ddd 



TEK 
a lofty ridge of mountains, traver- 
sing the whole of Laconia. 

ravpog, ov, 6. A bull. 

Tavpog, ov, 6. Mount Taurus, a 
chain of mountains in Asia, ex- 
tending from the frontiers of India 
to the iEgean Sea. 

rap??, f/g, rj (from i?a?rrcj, to bury, 2d 
aor. erutpov). A grave, a sepul- 
chre, a coffin, burial. 

rd<f>og, ov, 6 (from the same). A 
grave, a sepulchre, a tomb, burial. 

rdxa (adv. from raxvg). Quickly, 
rapidly, soon, speedily, easily, per- 
haps. 

r&XEog (adv.), same as rdxa. 

rdxog, eog, to. Speed, swiftness, 
rapidity. — ded rdxovg, with speed, 
rapidly, quickly. 

ruxvg., eta, v (adj.). Swift, rapid, 
fleet, prompt, quick. — Neuter, as 
an adverb, raxv, quickly, &c. — 
Comp. raxluv, iov, and ■Qdaacov, 
ov, superl. rdxt-orog, y, ov. — 
Neuter plural superl., as an adverb, 
rdxiora, and ug rdxtora, as rapid- 
ly as possible, instantly. 

Tdxvrng, yrog, i] (from raxvg). 
Swiftness, celerity. 

rdug, gen. ra6, 6. The peacock. 

re (conj.). And. — te re, or 

te ... . nai, both and ; as 

well as. 

TE-&ptTT7rog, ov (adj. from rirpa for 
Tmaapa,four, and Zttttoc, ahorse). 
Harnessed with four horses. — 
TE-dpiirizov, ov, to, a four-horse 
chariot. 

teivo), fut. revcj, perf. Tirana. To 
stretch, to strain, to draw out, to 
extend. — Perf. pass. part, reru/ze- 
vog, n, ov, strained, extended. 

TsipEGtag, ov, 6. Tiresias, a prophet 
of Thebes, son of Everus and 
Chariclo, deprived of sight by 
Minerva. 

TEtpu, fut. TEpu, perf. TETapna. To 
rub, to wear by rubbing, to wear 
out, to consume, to distress, to 
harass, to press hard. 

TEtxK^i f ut - *"™> P erl "- TETElXlKa 

(from relxog). To enclose with 
vjalls, to build the walls of. 

TEtxog, eog, to. A wall. 

TEKuaipu, fut. -uupti (from TEKpap, a 
589 



TEA 

limit). To fix the limit, to deter- 
mine, to end, to give a proof, to 
demonstrate. — In the middle, tek- 
fiaipoftai, epic aor. TE/c/.ir/pdp,rjv. 
To judge by, to infer from any 
appearance, to conjecture from. 

TEKfiripiov, ov, to (from TEKfiaipofiai). 
A mark, a sign, an indication, a 
proof. 

tekvov, ov, to (from tikto), to bring 
forth). A child. 

TEKVOG), U, fut. -UGO), perf. TETEKVCOKa 

(from tekvov). To beget children, 
to be a parent. 

TEKog, eoc, to (from tikto, to bring 
forth). A child, offspring. 

TEKTalvo, fut. -Tavu) (from tektuv). 
To construct, to fabricate, to build. 

tektovIktj, r)g, ij (properly feminine 
of tektovIkoc, with tex v V under- 
stood). The art of building, 
architecture. 

tektuv, ovog, 6 (akin to texvv, tIk- 
tco). A carpenter, an artificer, a 
builder. 

TETiduiov, tivoc, 6. Telamon, son of 
iEacus, brother of Peleus, was 
king of the island of Salamis, and 
father of Ajax and Teucer. 

teTieloc, ov (adj. from TE^og). Fin- 
ished, perfected, complete, perfect, 
entire. 

teXecoo, w, fut. -uao, perf. teteXem- 
na (from teIeloc). To bring to a 
termination, to finish, to complete, 
to perfect. 

teTieco), poetic for teXecj. 

teIettj, r)g, 7] (from teXeo). A com- 
pletion, a termination, accomplish- 
ment, an initiation into sacred 
mysteries, mysteries, rites. 

TElEVTaloc, a, ov (adj. from teIevtti). 
Last, final, at the end, concluding. 
— Neuter, as an adverb, to te^ev- 
Talov, finally, lastly. 

teTlevtuo, £), fut. -rjoo), perf. teteIev- 
TrjKa (from te\evttj). To end, to 
complete, to finish, to accomplish. 
— (With (3lov, which, however, is 
often understood), to die, to perish. 

teTievtt), rjc, r) (from teXeo). An 
end, death. 

teMo, €), fut. -ego, perf. teteIekg 
(from teXoc). To complete, to fin- 
ish, to perform, to accomplish, to 
590 



TEP 

pay (a tax or contribution), to of- 
fer. 

te'Aeuc (adv. from teXeoc for teXeloc). 
Completely, perfectly, extremely. 

TElfia, dTog, to. A swamp, a marsh, 
a morass. 

teXoc, Eog, to. The end, the issue, a 
purpose, a command, a magistra- 
cy, tribute, expense. — In the plural, 
to. teKt], the magistrates. — As an 
adverb, teKoc, finally, at last. 

tejievoc, Eog contr. ovg, to (from 
TEfivu). Properly, a piece of land 
appropriated for a particular use. 
— A grove, a consecrated place, a 
temple, a public place. 

TE/ilVG), fut. TEjUU, perf. TETflVKa, 2d 

aor. ETa/iov. To cut in half, to 
cut asunder, to cleave, to cut away, 
to lop off, to divide, to desolate. 

TEUTTsa, eo)v, contr. Tifiirm wv, tcl. 
Tempi, a delightful valley of Thes- 
saly, between Mount Olympus on 
the north and Ossa on the south, 
through which the Peneus flows 
into the ^Egean. 

TEvdyog, Eog, to. A shallow, shoal 
water, a swamp. 

Tsvayudng, Eg (adj. from Tsvdyog, 
and Etdog, appearance). Swampy, 
marshy. 

TEv&ng, ov, 6. A glutton, an epi- 
cure. 

tevo)v, ovTog, 6 (from te'lvu, to 
stretch). A sinew, especially a 
sinew of the neck. — Also, the neck. 
— oi TEVovTF.g, the sinews of the 
neck, the neck. 

TEog, ri, ov, epic and Doric for cog, 
or), gov. Thine. 

TEpaGTiog, ov (adj. from Tspag, a por- 
tentous sign). Portentous, won- 
derful, prodigious. 

TEpdTEvofiai, fut. -EVGOfiat (from te- 
pag, a wonderful occurrence). To 
relate wonderful occurrences, to 
invent extravagant fictions, to de- 
ceive, to boast. 

TEpua, drog, to. A limit, a bound, a 
term, an end. 

TEpfiuv, ovog, 6. Same as TEp/na. 

Tip/mov, ovog, 6. Terminus, a Ro- 
man deity, who presided over 
boundaries and landmarks. 

TEpncKspavvog, ov (adj. from TEpno), 



TET 

and icspavvog, the thunderbolt). 
Delighting in wielding the thun- 
derbolt. 

TEpitvog, rj, ov (adj. from ripitu). 
Pleasing, charming, delightful, 
agreeable. 

ripivu, fut. repipo), 2d aor. mid. 
erapTTOjunv and often, with redupl., 
TErapnouTjv, part. rsrapKOfXEvog, 
1st aor. pass, krep^d-nv and krdptp- 
■&nv, 2d aor. pass, krdprtnv. To 
fill, to satiate, to satisfy, to delight, 
to please. 

ripiptg, euc, r\ (from ripiru). De- 
light, pleasure, enjoyment. 

TepipTxopn, r/g, 57 (from ripiro), and 
Xopoc, the dance). Terpsichore, 
the Muse that presided over dan- 
cing. 

TeacdpuKOvra (num. adj. indecl. from 
TEooapee, with numeral suffix, de- 
noting lens). Forty. 

TeooapanooToc, rj ov (num. adj. from 
TEOGapanovra). The fortieth. 

TEGoupEc, a, genitive uv (num. adj.). 
Four. 

riraprog, n, ov (num. adj. from rir- 
rdpsg). The fourth. — Neuter, as 
an adverb, riraprov, fourthly. 

tet/iov, epic for etet/xov (a defective 
aorist, no other part of the verb 
occurs). To meet with, to find 

TETpaivu for TiTpaivo). To perfo- 
rate, &c. 

TerpaKspug, ov (adj. from rirpa for 
TEoaapa, and nipag, a horn). Hav- 
ing four horns, four -horned. 

TETpdnicrxi/aoL, at, a (num. adj. from 
rirpdatg, four times, and x^oi, a 
thousand). Four thousand. 

TErpatiocioi, at, a (num. adj. from 
rirpa for riGGapa, with numeral 
suffix, denoting hundreds). Four 
hundred. 

Terpd-irnx^c, v (adj. from rirpa for 
TEoaapa, and ^fjX vc i a cubit). 
Four cubits long. 

TErpuirAevpoc, ov (adj. from rirpa 
for riGGapa, and 7r%Evpd, a side). 
Four- sided. 

TErpaTzodtGTi (adv. from rErpaizodoc, 
poet, for rErpdnovc). On all fours. 

Terpdirovg, ovv, gen. -irodog (adj. 
from rirpa for riGGapa, and rcovg, 
a foot). Four-footed. 



THE 

rErrdpuKOvra, Attic for rEGGdpdnov- 
ra. Forty. 

rirrdpsg, Attic for riGGdpec. Four. 

rirrt^, lyog, 6. The cicada. See 
note, page 173, ode vii., line 1. 

TevKpoc, ov, 6. Teucer, son of Tela- 
mon, and brother of Ajax. On his 
return from the Trojan war, his 
father refused to receive him into 
his kingdom, for not having aveng- 
ed the death of his brother Ajax. 
He therefore sailed to Cyprus, 
where he built a city, and named 
it, from his native country, Said- 
mis. 

rsvxog, eoc, ro (from ret%w). A 
vessel, an implement, a weapon. — 
In the plural, rd revxEa, arms, 
armour. 

rsvxo), fut. rsv^u, perf. rirsvxa. To 
prepare, to complete, to construct, 
to make, to do. — In the passive, to 
be made, to be, especially in the 
perfect rirvyfxat. 

rEfpudrjg, Eg (adjective from ri<ppa, 
ashes, and etSog, appearance). Of 
the colour of ashes, resembling 
ashes. 

rixvn, ?jg, iq (probably from r'tKru, 
rEKEtv, akin to ret^cj). Art, a 
trade or profession, an art, arti- 
fice, cunning, a work of art, a vo~ 
cation, a stratagem, a fraud. 

rExvlrng, ov, 6 (from rixvn). An 
artist, an artisan, an artificer, a 
connoisseur. 

ricog (adv., correl. to sog). Until 
then, until, as long as, while. 

rrj, epic for ?). Where. 

rijyE (adv., properly dat. sing. fem. of 
oys). In this quarter. 

rrjds (adv., properly dat. sing. fem. of 
66e). Here, in this place, in this 
way. 

Tntivg, vog, rj. Tethys, a sea deity, 
the wife of Oceanus, and daughter 
of Uranus and Terra, often used 
for the sea itself. 

Tijiog, a, ov (adj.). Teian, of or be- 
longing to Teios. — Tyiov aGrv, 
the Teian city, i. e., Teios in Ionia, 
the birthplace of Anacreon. 

rf/Ku, fut. TrjZu, perf. rerjj^a, 2d aor. 
IrdKOV. To melt, to dissolve, to 
soften. — Hence, to waste, to con- 
591 



Tie 

sume. — In the middle, to decay, to 
pine away. 

TfjXe(adv.). Afar, in the distance. 

Tr]7ie-&a(j), 6>, a lengthened form of 
■&d?ilo (from -&n%rj, a womarts 
breast). To bloom, to be flourish- 
ing. — Used only in the pres. part. 
TTj/ietidcov, poetic tjjIe^ouv. 

ttjTukoc, 7], ov (adj., correl. to ifki- 
koc). Of such a size, of such age, 
as old, of the same age as. 

ttjIikovtox;, avrn, ovro (adj. from 
TnliKoe and ovroc). Of such size, 
of such an age, so large, so old, so 
young. — sic ttjTiikovtov rpv<j>rjc, to 
such a degree of luxury. 

rrfko^i (adv. from r-qkov, afar). 
Away from, far away, far from. 

Tn?i6ae (adv. from rrfkov, afar). At 
a distance, far away. 

Trj^iepov and Tr}/nepa, Attic for G7Jp.e- 
pov (adv.). Today. 

TrjvtKavra, generally Attic for rnvlna 
(adv.). Then, at that time. 

ttjvoc, a, o, Doric for ekelvoc, n, o. 
That, &c. 

Tfjvoc, ov, 7]. Tenos, a small island 
in the iEgean, near Andros. 

ryirep, epic for ynep (adv.). Though. 

Trjpcvc, iuc, 6. Tereus, a son of 
Mars, and king of Thrace. He 
was changed into a hoopoe. 

rnpeo), u, fut. -tJgo, perf. rerrjpvKa 
(from rnpog, one who watches). 
To give attention to, to observe, to 
watch ox guard, to preserve, to keep. 

Trjpyc, eoc, 6. Teres. 

tt/tec (adv. from to etoc). This year. 

TcCepcoc, ov, 6. Tiberius, a Roman 
emperor. 

Ti6epic, Idoe, 6. The Tiber, a fa- 
mous river of Italy, on whose 
banks Rome was situated. 

Tiypdvnc, ov, 6. Tigranes, king of Ar- 
menia, son-in-law of Mithradates. 

Tiypnc, yroc, 6. The Tigris, a large 
river of Asia, rising in the mount- 
ains of Armenia Major, and falling 
into the Euphrates. 

rin, a strengthened form of ri. Why ? 
wherefore 1 

Titiaoaevu, fut. -evoo, perf. TETi&da- 
cevica (from Tf&aaGog). To render 
tame, to tame, to conciliate, to ca- 
jole. 



TIM 

fifiaacoc, ov (adj. from Tt&/j>, a 
nurse). Tamed, tame, domes ti- 
coled. 

Ti-&n/Lii, fut. -&r}<jo, perf. TetieiKa, 2d 
aor. £-&r/v. To place, to set, to put, 
to lay down, to propose, to enact, to 
dcposite, to dispose, to inflict. — 
■&£0-&at vo/Ltov, to enact a law. — 
■d-eo&ai (jlclxvv, to make battle. — 
•&e'cr&ai tov noXefiov, to put an 
end to the war. — ri^ea-dat rd 
oTzTia, to station themselves in 
battle array. 

rcd-rjv?], nq, rj (from rt-d-f), a nurse). 
A nurse. 

TidpavoTyc, ov, 6. Tithraustes, a 
Persian naval commander, defeat- 
ed by Cimon. 

rtKTO), fut. ri^u, commonly re^o/iai, 
perf. reroKa, 2d aor. etekov. To 
beget, to bring forth, to bear, to 
produce, to give birth to. — tixteiv 
l)d, to lay eggs. 

riXku, fut. rlXd), perf. Tirana. To 
pick out, to pluck, to tear out, to 
strip off. 

Tt/uaioc, ov, 6. Timczus, an historian 
of Sicily, who flourished about 
262 B.C. 

Tifj.dvSpa, ac, r). Timandra, the 
mistress of Alcibiades. 

rlp.au, u, fut. -7}(7co, perf. TsrljunKa 
(from Tlp.1)). To estimate, to value, 
to honour, to deem worthy, to es- 
teem. 

rlfiii, f/c, y (from rio, to estimate). 
Estimation, value, honour, esteem, 
reverence, reward, dignity. — In the 
plural, TtfzaL, tokens of esteem or 
respect. 

rlploc, a, ov (adj. from rlfirj). Esti- 
mated, highly prized, honoured, 
valuable, dear. 

Tift6-&£oc, ov, 6. Timotheus, an 
Athenian general, son of Conon, 
renowned for his mild and persua- 
sive disposition. 

Tipuv, ovoc, 6. Timon, a native of 
Athens, called Misanthrope, from 
his unconquerable aversion to man- 
kind and all society. 

rlfitopso), u, fut. -rjciji, perf. tetI/ucJ- 
pnna (from rlfiupoc, that succours). 
To succour, to aid, to help. — Also, 
to avenge, to punish. — In the mid- 



TOI 

die, to avenge one's self upon, to 
take revenge, to punish. 

Tijiupla, ag, ri (from rlftopeu). Ven- 
geance, punishment. 

rcvuaao), fut. -d!-u. To brandish, to 
agitate, to shake, to cast away. 

Tivo, fut. tigu, perf. rer'tna. To 
pay. — With dinnv, to suffer pun- 
ishment. See tlu. 

r ' LC i T h g en - Tivog (interrog. pron.). 
Who? what? 

rtc > tI, gen. tivqc (indefinite pron.). 
Any, any one, a certain one, some 
one, something. 

Tlrav, dvoc, 6. A Titan. — The sun. 

tltuvoc, ov, i]. Chalk. 

TLTpau, TiTpn/ui, and rirpaivu, fut. 
Tprjao, perf. rerpntca. To bore, to 
transpierce. 

TtTpuoKO, fut. rpuao), perf. TSTpona, 
1st aor. pass, krptj&nv. To wound. 

tig), fut. tIgu, perf. rerlKa. To es- 
timate, to value, to esteem, to rev- 
erence, to honour, to pay the price, 
to expiate a crime by paying the 
penalty, to atone. — With dinnv or 
ditcac , to suffer punishment. 

T/la6>, not used as pres., from it in 
use, fut. tXt/og), 2d aor. etTitjv, 
part, rldg, perf. with a pres. signif. 
TETlrjua. To bear, to endure, to 
suffer, to undertake, to dare. 

tXtJ/lluv, ov (adj. from obsolete tvIucj). 
Enduring, patient, wretched, poor. 

TuuXoc, ov, b. Tmolus, a mountain 
of Lydia, now Bour-dag, on which 
the Pactolus rises. 

rot, Doric for coi, dat. sing, of ov. 

rot (an enclitic particle, properly an 
old dative for txj). Indeed, for the 
matter of that, therefore, forsooth. 

roLyapovv (adv. from rot, yap, and 
ovv). Therefore, hence, on this 
account. 

TOLjdproi (adv. from rot, yap, and 
roi). Therefore, hence, accord- 
ingly. 

tocvvv (adv. from rot, and vvv for 
ovv). Therefore, wherefore, on 
this account, then. 

TOioods, ToidSe, roiovde (adj. from 
toIoc, such, and 6e). Such. 

Totovrog, roiavTT], tolovto (adj. from 
toIoc, such, and ovtoc, this). Such 
a one as this, such. 
Ddd2 



TOT 

rol%oc, ov, 6 (akin to teIxoc). A 
wall, the side of a house. 

Tona, Doric for tote (adv.). Then. 

tokcvc, eoc, 6 (from tlktu, to beget). 
A father. 

Tol/na, vg, jj. Boldness, daring. 

roTifido), u, fut. -rjou, perf. teto?l/iv- 
na (from To/i/ua). To bear, to en- 
dure, to venture. 

ToX/u.nfia, drog, to (from Toledo). 
A hazardous enterprise, a bold 
undertaking. 

Tolfinpia, ag, rj (from Totyypog). 
Boldness, rashness. 

roTijinpog, d, ov (adj. from ToTifida). 
Bold, daring, resolute, rash. 

toXolttov (adv. for to Xocttov, with 
fiepog understood). As for the 
rest, besides. — With fiepog too 
Xpovov understood, for the future, 
henceforth. 

To^eia, ag, rj (from Totjevo). Archery. 

T6%EV[ia, arog, to (from to^evq). An 
arrow (shot from the bow), an ar- 
row-shot, an arrow. 

TO^EVO), fut. -EVGCO, perf. TETO^EVKa 

(from to^ov). To discharge from 
a bow, to shoot with an arrow. 

to^ov, ov, to. A bow, an arrow. 

To^oTwg, ov, 6 (from to^ov). A bow- 
man, an archer. 

Torcog, ov, 6. A place, a space, a 
site, a tract of country, a region, 
a spot. 

TOGog, y, ov (adj.). So large, so 
much, such. — togov or poetic tog- 
gov .... boov, so far . ... as, 
as far . ... as. 

TOGovrog, TooavTrj, togovto and to- 
govtov (adj. from rooog, and ovrog, 
this). So great a one as this. — 
So large, so great, so much, so 
many. — togovtov .... ogov, so 
much .... as. — siri togovtov, so 
far, to such a degree. — tooovtg), 
by so much, as much. 

TOGGog, v, ov, poetic for Tocog, n, 
ov. 

tote (adv.). Then, at that time, for- 
merly. TOTE fliv .... TOTE 6s, at 

one time . ... at another. 

Tovvofia, by crasis for to ovopa. 

Tovpolrdvla, ag, tj. Turditania, a 
rich province of Baetica in Spain, 
bordering on the Atlantic coast, 
593 



TPE 

and traversed by the river Bae- 
tis. 

Tovpdirdvoi, wv, oi. The Turditdni, 
the inhabitants of Turditania. 

Tovokoc, uv, oi. The Tuscans, the 
inhabitants of Etruria. 

tovti, Att. for tovto, used for em- 
phasis. This here. 

rpdynfia, droc, to (from rpdyelv, 2d 
aor. inf. of rpuyu, to chew). Con- 
fectionary, a dessert. 

rpayoc, ov, 6. A goat. 

rpdyudeo), <3, future -rjotd (from 
rpayodoc). To detail in tragic 
strain. 

rpdyodia, ac, V (from rpayudoc). 
A tragedy, a tragic poem. 

rpayoidoTroioc, ov, 6 (from rpayudia, 
and TTOtio), to make). A tragic 
poet. 

Tpayudog, ov, 6 (from rpayoc, and 
&dn, a song). A tragic poet, an 
actor of tragedy, so called either 
because, in the early and rude 
state of the drama, the performer 
was dressed in a goatskin, or be- 
cause a goat was assigned as the 
prize to the cleverest wit and 
nimblest dancer in the satyric 
chorus, which constituted the first 
stage of the drama. There are 
also other explanations. 

TpaneC,a, nc, ?) (from rerpac, four, 
and ne^a for ttovc, afoot). A ta- 
ble. 

rpavfia, droc, to (from rtrpuaKO), to 
wound). A wound. 

rpdxeuc (adv. from rpdxvc). Rough- 
ly, rudely, harshly, sternly. 

Tpdxrjhoe, ov, 6. The neck. 

rpdxvc, ela, v (adj.). Rough, rug- 
ged, uneven. — Harsh, stern, an- 

rpdxvrnc, nrog, 7} (from rpdxvc). 
Roughness, harshness, asperity, 
unevenness. 

rpelc, neut. rpia (num. adj.). Three. 

rptyu), fut. rpefiu, perf. (from a sec- 
ondary present, rpofieu) rerpo/xt]- 
na. To tremble. 

rpiTvo), fut. rpiipa>, perf. rerpo^a, 2d 
aor. erpairov (originally the same 
as crpltyu, akin to rpeo, rpsp.u, 
and the Latin tremo). To turn, 
to turn over, to cause to turn about, 
594 



TPI 

to put to flight, to rout, to change. 
— In the middle, to turn one's self 
about, to betake one's self to flight, 
to flee. — Also, to put to flight. 

rpi<f>u, fut. -&peipo, perf. rerpofa and 
rerpd(j)a, 2d aor. erpdcpov, perf. 
pass. rsT&pafiftai, (akin to repiuj). 
To nourish, to nurture, to rear, 
to bring up, to support, to main- 
tain. 

rpixo, fut. dpet-o/uat, more common- 
ly 6pd/xov/u.ai, perf. dedpdfiTjua, 2d 
aor. itdpdfiov. To run. 

rpiatva, rjc, y (from rpia, neut. of 
rpelc). A three-pronged spear, a 
trident. 

rpidnovra (num. adj. indecl. from 
rpia, neut. of rpelc, with numeral 
suffix denoting tens). Thirty. 

rpidaocLoi, at, a (num. adj. from 
rpia, neut. of rpelc, with numeral 
suffix denoting hundreds). Three 
hundred. 

rpldo, fut. rpitpo), perf. rirplda (from 
the same root with reipo, rtrpdu, 
&c, and the Latin tero, trivi). To 
rub, to wear by friction, to grind. 
— 2d aor. pass, erpltrjv. 

rplBuv, uvoc, 6 (from rpiSto). A 
worn-out garment, an old t hr cad- 
bare cloak. 

rpl66viov, ov, to (dim. from rpi6o)v). 
An old threadbare garment. 

rpiyuvoc, ov (adj. from rpic, thrice, 
and yuvoc, an angle or corner). 
Three-cornered, triangular. — to 
rpiycovov, a triangle. 

Tplvpapxeu, <->, fut. -yau (from rpty- 
pyc, and dpxu, to command). To 
command a galley. 

rpirjpiqc, eog contr. ove, y (from rpic, 
thrice, and epeoau, to row). A 
trireme, a galley, a vessel of three 
banks of oars. — Properly an adj., 
with vavg understood. 

rpinepuc, ov (adj. from rpic, thrice, 
and Kepac, a horn). Having three 
horns, three-horned. 

TpiKEfdXoc, ov (adj. from rpic, thrice, 
and Ke^dXrj, a head). Three- 
headed. 

rpikofyia, ac, rj (from rpic, thrice, 
and "kocpojc, a crest). A triple crest 
or plume. 

Tptvanpia, ac, y (from rpic, thrice, 



TPI 

and uKpa, a point). Trinacria, 
one of the names of Sicily, from 
its three promontories. 

Tpiodog, ov, T) (from Tpig, thrice, and 
666c, a way). A place where three 
roads meet. — al rpiodoi, the cross- 
roads. 

Tpiir?iaGiu&, fut. -aao) (from rpmla- 
acog, threefold). To triple. 

TpmTiri (adv., prop. dat. sing. fern, 
of rpi-nlooc). Trebly, in three 
rows. 

Tpin'kooc, on, oov, contr. rpLirXovc, 
rj, ovv (adj. from Tpig, thrice, and 
ttXeio, an old form of irTienu, to 
fold). Threefold, triple. 

TpiTToddToe, ov, Doric for Tptr:6-&n- 
toc, ov (adj. from rpig, thrice, and 
Tco&ecj, to love). Thrice-beloved. 

rpircovc, ovv, gen. -rroSog (adj. from 
rpig, thrice, and novc, a foot). 
Three-footed. — As a noun, rpi- 
irovg, odog, 6, a tripod. 

Tpt7iT6?^/j.og, ov, 6. Triptolemus, 
son of Celeus king of Eleusis, and 
Metanira, to whom Ceres intrust- 
ed her chariot, drawn by dragons, 
in order that he might travel over 
the earth and teach mankind how 
to cultivate the ground. 

rpig (num. adv. from rpelg). Three 
times, thrice. 

TptonaideKaTog, n, ov (num. adj. from 
TpLCKaidena, thirteen). The thir- 
teenth. 

rpia/xvpcoi, ai, a (num. adj. from 
rpig, thrice, and fivptoL, ten thou- 
sand). Thirty thousand. 

rpiax^iOL, at, a (num. adj. from 
rpig, thrice, and x L ^ L0L i a thou- 
sand). Three thousand. 

rpirog, n, ov (adj. from rpelg). The 
third. — Neuter as an adverb, rpi- 
tov, thirdly, in the third place. 

TpcTuv, uvog, 6. Triton, a sea deity, 
son of Neptune and Amphitrite, 
represented as his father's trump- 
eter. — In the plural, Tritons, in- 
ferior sea deities. 

rpixtvog, n, ov (adj. from dpi!;, hair). 
Made of hair. 

rptxoo, C), fut. -uau, perf. rerpixu- 
na (from #pt£, the hair). To cover 
with fine hair or down. — Terpix^- 
fievog, r\, ov, downy. 



TPQ 

rpixuaig, eug, ij (from rpixotS). A 
covering with hair or down, growth 
of the hair, hair. 

rptuBoTiov, ov, to (from rpig, thrice, 
and oCoXog, an obolus). A piece 
of money worth three oboli, three 
oboli. 

Tpoia, ag, Ionic Tpoln, ng, p. Troy, 
a celebrated city of Asia Minor, 
destroyed by the Greeks after a 
ten years' siege. 

Tpoityv, fjvog, i]. Trozzene, an an- 
cient city of Argolis in Greece, on 
the Sinus Saronicus. Its ruins 
are near the modern Damala. 

Tpot&viog, ov, 6. A Trozzenian. 

Tpoirj-d-e (adv. from Tpoin, with end- 
ing -&e, denoting motion from). 
From Troy. 

Tpoiratov, ov, to (from Tpmu, to 
turn, to put to flight). A trophy, 
consisting of the spoils of the en- 
emy, put up in celebration of a 
victory, often on the spot where 
the enemy were routed. 

Tporzog, ov, 6 (from Tpeiro, to turn). 
A turn, a manner, a mode, usage, 
custom, character, mode of life, 
disposition. 

Tpocpevg, iuig, 6 (from Tpofyrf). One 
who nourishes or brings up, a 
master. 

Tpo(j)?j, fjg, y (from Tpeyio, to nour- 
ish). Nourishment, food, support, 
maintenance. 

Tpo(j)6g, ov, y (from Tps(j>u, to nour- 
ish). A nurse, a supporter. 

Tpoxog, ov, 6 (from Tpexo>, to run). 
A wheel, a rack. 

TpvCXtov, ov, to. A small basin, a 
bowl, a dish. 

Tpvtiuo, €>, fut. -fjco, perf. TSTpvcpn- 
na (from Tpvtyr/). To be sunk in 
luxury, to revel, to be wholly de- 
voted to pleasure. 

Tpv(f>7/, rjg, t). Luxury, effeminacy, 
revelry, luxurious indulgence. 

Tpoai, cjv, at (from Tp6g, a Trojan). 
Trojan dames. 

Tpudg, adog, r) (from Tpug, a Tro- 
jan). 1. A Trojan dame. — 2L 
Later also, Troas, a district of 
Mysia in Asia Minor, on the coast 
of the iEgean, of which Troy was 
the capital. 

595 



TTP 

TpuEC, ov, ol (from Tpuc, not used 
in the singular). The Trojans. 

Tpuidc, udoc, i] (fem. adj.)- Tro- 
jan. — As a noun, a Trojan female. 

Tpuinoc, tj, ov (adj.)- Trojan. — ra 
TpuiKa, the period of the Trojan 
war, Trojan times. 

tv, Doric for cv. Thou. 

rvyxavo), future rev^o/Liai, 1st aor. 
krvxriaa, 2d aor. etvxov, perf. te- 
TvxnKa, later also rirevxa. To 
meet with, to find, to attain, to ac- 
quire, to obtain. — With a parti- 
ciple it denotes chance, &c. ; as, 
ervx £ £KKO[j.i£6fievog, he happened 
to be carried out. — 6 rvx&v, the 
first person one meets, anybody. — 
ol tvxovtec, the ordinary class of 
persons. — ol tvxovtec odlrac, com- 
mon travellers. 

TvSevc, ecoc, 6. Tydeus, son of 
GEneus, king of Calydon in iEto- 
lia, and father of Diomede. 

TV{j.6oc, ov, 6. A tomb, a sepulchre, 
a sepulchral mound, a grave. 

TVfiTtuvov, ov, to (from tvittcj). A 
drum. 

Tvvddpsoc, ov, Attic Tvvddpscx;, u, 
6. Tyndarus, a son of CEbalus, 
king of Lacedamion, and husband 
of Leda. 

Tvvdaptdnc, ov, 6 (patronymic from 
TvvddpEoc). Son of Tyndarus. — 
ol Tvvdaptdac, the sons of Tynda- 
rus, i. e., Castor and Pollux. 

tvitlc, Zdoc, t) (from tvtxtu). A 
chisel. 

tvttoc, ov, 6 (from tvttto)). A mark, 
a form, an impress, a print. 

tvtcto, fut. Tvfu, perf. Tsrvfya, 2d 
aor. etvtcov. To strike, to beat, 
to sting, to wound, to bite. 

TvpavvZuoc, t), ov (adj. from rvpav- 
voc). Tyrannical. 

Tvpavvic, Zdoc, i] (from Tvpavvoe). 
Arbitrary power, sovereignty, do- 
minion, tyranny. 

Tvpavvoe, ov, 6, Doric for noipavoc, 
ov, 6. A sovereign, an arbitrary 
ruler, a monarch, a tyrant. 

TvpoiTOiEO), £), fut. -rjacj (from Tvpoc, 
cheese, and ttolecj, to make). To 
make cheese. 

Tvpoc, ov, 6. Cheese. 

Tvpoc, ov, r). Tyre, a very ancient 
596 



YBP 
city of Phoenicia, built by the Si- 
donians, celebrated for its exten- 
sive commerce and its purple dye. 

Tvpfivvia, ac, ?). Tyrrhenia or 
Etruria, a country of Italy. 

TvppnvlKoc, r), ov (adj.). Tyrrhenian 
or Etrurian. 

Tvppnvoi, iov, ol. The Etrurians. 

Tvpto, ooc contr. ove, t). Tyro, a 
beautiful nymph, daughter of Sal- 
moneus, king of Elis, and mother 
of Pelias and Neleus by Neptune. 

tvt'&oc, ov, and 6c, rj, ov (adj.). 
Small, young. — Neuter as an ad- 
verb, tvt-&6v, a little. 

Tv<p?i6c, 7], ov (adj.). Blind. 

Twploo), tJ, fut. -d)Gu, perf. tetv^Xg)- 
ica (from Tv^log). To make blind, 
to deprive of sight. 

tvQoc, ov, 6 (from tvcjhj, to raise a 
smoke). Smoke, steam. — Hence, 
pride, self-conceit, haughtiness. 

Tv(j>£)v, tivoc, 6. Typhon, a terrible 
giant, sprung from the earth, whose 
appearance so frightened the gods 
that they fled before him, and took 
refuge, under the form of different 
animals, in Egypt. 

tvxv, 7]c, t) (from Tvyxdvto). Chance, 
fortune, an occurrence, a misfor- 
tune. 

Tvxv, V c > V- Fortune personified. 

T6J (prop. dat. sing, of 6, as an adv.). 
For this reason, therefore. 

rw, Doric for tov, gen. sing, of 6. 

TtopvEov, by crasis for rd opveov. 

tcoc, Doric for tovc. 



vdloc, ov, t) (from vu, to rain, with 
reference to the transparency of 
water). Any clear or transparent 
substance, crystal, amber, trans- 
parent resin, glass. 

ii6oc, ov, 6 (from v66c, convex). A 
protuberance, a hump, a bunch. 

v6p%G), fut. v6pZcru, perf. v6pZna (from 
vdpic). To be i7isolent, to act in- 
solently, to insult, to deride, to 
misuse. 

vdpec, sot, t). An abuse of power, 
violence, insult, arrogance, con- 
tumely, pride, overbearing inso- 
lence. 

v6ptoTi?c, ov, 6 (from v6pi&). An 



TAH 

abuser, an insulter. — As an adjec- j 
tivs, abusive, insolent, arrogant. \ 

vyiaivu, flit. -uvCi (from vyir/g). To 
be in good health, to be well, to be 
sound. — With vovv, to have a 
sound mind. 

vyieia, ag, 77 (from vyirjg). Health. 

vyirjg, eg (adj.). Healthy, vigorous, 
sound, rational. 

vypog, a, ov (adj. from vu, to rain). 
Moist, wet, liquid, fluid. — tu vypd, 
the fluid particles. 

vyporrjc, nroc, 77 (from vypog). Hu- 
midity, moisture, flexibility, soft- 
ness. 

'TddaTTTjg, ov, 6. Hydaspes, now 
Behut, a river of India, and one of 
the tributaries of the Indus. 

vdpa, ag, 77 (from vdup). A hydra, 
a water-serpent. 

vdpav?ag, eug, 77 (from vdup, and av- 
?Jo>, to play on a musical instru- 
ment). A water-organ. 

'Tdpaurng, ov, 6. Hydraotes, now 
Rauvel, a river of India, one of 
the tributaries of the Indus. 

vSpeia, ag, i] (from vdpsvu). The. 
act of drawing water, water. 

vdpevcj, fut. -evvu, perf. vSpevKa 
(from vdup). To draw water, to 
water or irrigate. — In the middle, 
to draw or bring water for one's 
self. 

vdup, gen. vddrog, to (from vu, to 
rain). Water. 

verlog, a, ov (adj. from vu, to rain). 
Rain- causing. 

verog, ov, 6 (from vu, to rain). Rain. 

vlevg, gen. vleog, and vlg, gen. vlog 
(nom. not used, the other cases 
frequently employed for the cor- 
responding cases of vlog). A son. 

viog, ov, 6. A son. 

vluvog, ov, 6 (from viog). A grand- 
son. 

"TAac, a, 6. Hylas, son of Theoda- 
mas, king of Mysia, a companion 
of Hercules in the Argonautic ex- 
pedition, carried off, on the coast 
of Mysia, by the nymphs of the 
fountain, to which he had gone to 
draw water. 

v'An, yg, 77 (from vo for (j>vu, to let 
grow ; hence, the place where the 
wood grows, whence Latin sylva). 



rriA 

A wood, a forest. — Timber, wood, 
the material. 

v/Jjeig, ijeaaa, ijev (adj. from 1)2,77). 
Woody. 

' YAZoc, ov, 6. Hyllus, son of Her- 
cules and Dejanlra. 

v?iOTO/j.eo, u, fut. -77(70 (from vln, 
and reuvu, to cut). To cut wood. 

vfielg, ye ; nom. plur. of ov. 

ifiEvaiog, ov, 6. A marriage sorig, 
a hymeneal song. 

'Tp.dv, Doric for 'Yfirjv. 

'Yfiivaiog, ov, 6. Hymen. 

'Y/j.?}v, evog, 6. Hymen, the god who 
presided over marriage. 

v/iveu, u, fut. -tjgu, perf. v[xvnna 
(from vfivog). To hymn, to cele- 
brate in song, to praise, to sing of. 

vjxvog, ov, 6. A hymn, a song, an 
encomium. 

virdyu, fut. -ago, &c. (from vtto, 
under, and dyu, to lead). To lead 
or bring under, to subdue, to sub- 
ject, to induce, to decoy, to lure on. 
— Neuter, to proceed, to approach. 

viraid-plog, ov, and VTzaidpog, ov (adj. 
from vtto, under, and ai&ijp, the 
upper air, the sky). Beneath the 
sky, in the open air. — elg vixai- 
-&pov, into the open air. 

vtrdnovu, fut. -ovou, &c. (from vtto, 
secretly, by stealth, and duovu, to 
hear). To listen by stealth, to lis- 
ten (as at a door). — But also, to 
lend a willing ear to, to assent to, 
to obey. — To accept of (as a chal- 
lenge). 

vnav&eu, u, fut. -TJau (from vtto, 
gradually, and dv&eu, to bloom). 
To begin to put forth blossoms or 
flowers, to come into bloom, to 
shoot up. 

"T-rrdvig, Xdog, 6. Hypdnis, a river 
of European Scythia, falling into 
the Borysthenes. It is now called 
the Bog. 

viraviGT'nui, future -avaoT-fjou, &c. 
(from vtto, beneath, and dviarypi, 
to place on high). To raise up on 
high from beneath. — In the mid- 
dle, to rise from one's place (as a 
mark of respect), to stand up be- 
fore. 

vixap, to (indecl. ). A waking vision, 
not a dream, opposed to ovap. — 
597 



tiie 

vrrap, adverbially, when awake, on 
waking. 

inrapyvpoc, ov (adj. from vtto, be- 
neath, and upyvpog, silver). Hav- 
ing silver be?ieath, containing sil- 
ver. 

vnapxu, fut. -apZo, Sue. (from vtto, 
intensive, and apxo), to begin). 
To be the first, to begin, to rule 
over. — To be, to exist. — Impers., 
vrrapxei, it is permitted, it is law- 
ful. 

viraroc, n, ov (adj. by contr. for 
vtteotutoc, from V7Tsp, above). 
The highest, the greatest. 

viteiko, fut. -ei%G), &c. (from viro, 
under, and eiko, to yield). To 
yield to, to submit, to be inferior. 

VTreiaSvvo), fut. -eiodvou, &c. (from 
vtto, secretly, and eladvvo, to creep 
into). To creep down into by 
stealth, to slip into unperceived, to 
glide into. 

VTTeKTL-&7]fJ.l, fut. -EK-&7JGU, &C. (from 

vtto, secretly, and £KTi/&n/j.t, to send 
forth). To send forth secretly, to 
convey away, to remove. 

VTTEpip.rip.VKa, perf. act. of vrrripvo. 
See note, page 163, line 116. 

VTZEvavrioc, a, ov (adj. from vtto, 
slightly, and kvavrioc, placed op- 
posite). Opposed in a slight de- 
gree, nearly opposite. — Commonly 
same as evavrloc, opposite, op- 
posed to, hostile to. 

V7vevavTLoofj.ai, ovpai (from vjrevav- 
rioc). To be opposed to in a 
slight degree or secretly, to con- 
tradict. 

VTTE^tpxofiat, fut. -E^ETtEvaopai, &c. 
(from vtto, by stealth, and h^epxo- 
fxai, to go out of). To go out of 
by stealth, to escape unperceived, 
to pass out secretly. 

virip (prep.), governing the genitive 
and accusative. — Its primitive and 
leading signification is above. — 
"With the genitive it signifies above, 
beyond, for, on account of, in be- 
half of, for the sake of about. — 
With the accusative, above, over s 
beyond, against, more than. — In 
composition it denotes the being 
over and above, excess, for, in de- 
fence of, and frequently adds 
598 



THE 
strength to the meaning of the 
simple verb. 

VTtepayav (adv. from virep, denoting 
excess, and dyav, very). Exces- 
sively, inordinately. 

VTrepuyu, fut. -a£w, &c. (from virip, 
above, and ayu, to lead). To sur- 
pass, to excel. 

virepaipu, fut. -dpu, &c. (from vrrip, 
above, and alpw, to raise). To lift 
up above, to elevate. — Neuter, to 
rise above, to go over, to surpass. 

vnepaiupEd), u, fut. -rjao, &c. (from 
vrrip, above, and alopsu, to raise 
on high). To raise up over, to 
raise on high. 

VTrepavo) (adv. from vrrip, intensive, 
and dvu, above). Above. 

VTTEpaTTO'&V'flOK.O), fut. --&uvovpai, &c. 
(from vrrip, for, and airodvqGtiio, 
to die). To die for or in the place 

t of. f 

VTtEp6aivo), fut. -Srioofiai, &c. (from 
vrrip, above, and paivo), to walk). 
To walk over, to pass over, to as- 
cend, upon, to go beyond. 

VTrEp6ul'Xo), fut. -SaTiC), &c. (from 
vrrip, over, and ftaTJXu, to cast). 
To cast over, to throw beyond, to 
pass over, to go beyond, to exceed, 
to surpass, to be very great, to ex- 
cel. — vTZEp6d?tXov, excessive, ex- 
treme. 

VTtepfjo'Xrj, f/c, y (from VTrepduXXu). 
The act of passing over, excess. 

'Trrip^oloc, ov, 6. Hyperbolas. 

'TTrepEin, ?jc, t/. Hyper ca, a foun- 
tain in Thessaly, belonging to the 
city of Pherae. 

vTTEpixu, fut. -e^lj and -o^cw, &c. 
(from vrrip, above, and tyo, to 
have). To have the superiority. 

v7T£pr}(j)dvia, ac, ri (from vneprjtyaveo, 
to conduct one's self haughtily). 
Arrogance, presumption, haughti- 
ness. 

VTrep-&av l uu&, fut. -dau, &c. (from 
vrrip, excessively, and $avpa&, to 
admire). To admire very much, to 
be lost in amazement at. 

vrtEpKax^-d^o), fut. -uau (from vrrip, 
over, and naxhufa, to gush forth). 
To boil over. 

vrripKEipai, fut. -KEtaofiai (from vrrip, 
above, and nelpai, to lie). To lie 



THE 

above, to be situated above, to lie 
upon. 

viripnouirog, ov (adj. from virep, deno- 
ting excess, and Kouirio, to sound). 
Most renowned, excessively pom- 
pous or boastful, much noised 
abroad, surpassing. 

VTrep/ieyetinc, eg (adj. from virep, de- 
noting excess, and ueye-&og, great 
size). Of enormous size, very 
large. 

"XneptivhcTpa, ag, y. Hypermnestra, 
a daughter of Danaus, and wife of 
Lynceus, the only one of the fifty 
Danaides that did not slay her 
husband on the bridal night. 

virepopao, u, fut. -oipouai, &c. (from 
virep, over, and bpdu, to look). To 
overlook, to neglect. — To look down 
with contempt on, to despise. 

virepog, ov, 6, and virepov, ov, to. A 



vrrepoxv, VC> V (from virepex")- Emi- 
nence, superiority, excellence. 

vwepo-ipla, ag, i] (from virepopuu, fut. 
virepoipouat). Arrogance, disdain, 
contempt, haughtiness. 

VTTEpTraxvc, v (from virep, denoting 
excess, and irdxvg, thick). Ex- 
tremely corpulent. 

virepireryg, eg (adj. from virepireropai, 
to fly over). That flies over. — 
Extremely elevated, lofty, situated 
on high, suspended above. 

virepoapnec), a), fut. -^cgj, (from virep, 
denoting excess, and capl;, flesh). 
To be very fleshy, to be very cor- 
pulent. 

virepreivo, fut. -revu, &c. (from virep, 
over, and telvg), to stretch). To 
stretch or extend over, to distend 
to the utmost. — Neuter, to extend 
one's self, to reach over. 

virep<pep(o, fut. -oiou, &c. (from virep, 
over, and tyepo, to carry). To carry 
over, to transport. — Neuter, to ex- 
cel, to have the superiority. 

virep^poviio, cj, fut. -ycco (from virep- 
<j>pcov, high-minded). To have lofty 
sentiments, to entertain a high 
opinion of one's self. — And hence, 
to despise, to regard as inferior. 

virepxalpo), fut. -x&pti, &c. (from 
virep, denoting excess, and \aipu, 
to rejoice). To rejoice exceedingly. 



rno 

virepiLa, ag, Ionic virepuy, vg, y. 
The palate. 

virex *) lut - vQeiju and viroaxhou, &c. 
(from viro, under, and t^w, to hold). 
To hold under, to sustain, io pre- 
sent to, to furnish. — With S'mag, 
to render atonement, to suffer pun- 
ishment. 

virtjKoog, ov (adj. from viro, under, 
and anoT), hearing). That listens 
and attends to, obedient, submis- 
sive. 

virnuvo), fut. -yuvom, perf. viryuvna, 
with redupl. virejj.rip.vKa (from viro, 
beneath, and yuvco, to bend down). 
To look or stoop down, to be cast 
down. — See note, page 163, line 
116. 

virrjvn, ng, y. The upper lip. 

virypeaia, ag, y (from vrrypereu). 
Service, assistance. 

virypealov, ov, to (from virypeTeoj). 
A rowing bench, a rower's cushion. 

virypereo), ti, fut. -you, perf. vnypery- 
na (from viryperyg). To perform 
the sen-ice of a rower. — Hence, to 
serve, to obey. 

viryperyg, ov, 6. A rower on board 
a galley, a rower. — A servant, an 
attendant, a deputy, an assistant. 

virnperlKog, y, ov (adj. from virype- 
ryg). Qualified or disposed to 
assist, auxiliary. — ra virypeTind 
(with irXola understood), 



viryxeo, w, fut. -yxyou, &c. (from 
viro, after, and yx^i to sound). 
To sound after, to resound. 

virioxveop,ai, ovuat, fut. virooxycro- 
fiai, perfect vireoxyuai, 2d aorist 
vireoxouyv (from viro, under, and 
loxouai for exouai, to hold one's 
self). To promise, to bind one's 
self, to engage. 

virvog, ov, 6. Sleep. 

virvoo), cj, fut. -uou, perf. virvuKa 
(from virvog). To sleep. 

viro (prep.), governing the genitive, 
dative, and accusative. — Its primi- 
tive and leading signification is 
under. — With the genitive it de- 
notes under, from under, by, by 
means of, through, from. — With 
the dative, by, with, together with, 
under, beneath, deep in. — viro cak- 
599 



rno 

7uy$;i, to the sound of trumpets. — 
"With the accusative, at, about, 
near, under, beneath. — if 'iva 
naipbv, at one and the same in- 
stant. — In composition it signifies 
under, from under, secretly, grad- 
ually, by stealth, back or forward, 
and frequently diminishes the force 
of the word with which it is com- 
pounded. 

VTToSdTiTio, fut. -6al£>, &c. (from 
vtto, and /3aAAw, to cast). To 
subject. 

VKoSaoic, sue, 7j (from iwoSaivo, to 
descend). Descent, decrease, a 
sinking down, a retreat, a de- 
cline. 

VKoSleTTU, fut. -6?Jifjo), &c. (from 
ino, under, and fiXe-ira, to look). 
To cast an undertook, to look 
' angrily at, to eye. 

V7ro6pvxior, a, ov (adj. from vivo, 
under, and ftpixioc, submerged). 
Under the water, submerged, deep 
in the water. — iixofpixiov ttoleiv, 
to drown. 

VTrodeiKvvfic, fut'. -dei^o), &c. (from 
vtto, intensive, and deUvvjii, to 
show). To exhibit, to indicate, to 
point out. 

virodexofiaL, fut. -de^ojiai, &c. (from 
irrb, intensive, and dexo/uai, to re- 
ceive). To receive, to admit, to 
accept, to assume. 

VTrodeco, fut. -dfjoa), &c. (from irro, 
under, and Seu, to bind). To bind 
under, to fasten under. — In the 
middle, to put on sandals. 

in66rip.a, aroc, to (from virodeo)). A 
shoe, a sandal. 

VTrodpa (adv. from i-KodepKOjiat, to 
cast an undertook). With an an- 
gry look, sternly. 

vnodvvu and -6vu, fut. -dvau, &c. 
(from in-6, under, and dvvo, to go), 
and middle iizodvofiai. To go 
under, to creep under, to place 
one's self under. 

VTvodvoic, euc, rj (from vtcoSvcj). A 
going under, a creeping under. 

virodeatc, euc, y (from iwori-d-viiL, to 
lay down or propose). A proposi- 
tion, a condition, a plan, a princi- 
ple, a supposition. 

inoKaTu (adv. from inro, under, and 
600 



rno 

Kara), downward). Underneath, 
down below, below. 

VTroKeljiai, fut. -Keiaojiai (from iiro, 
under, and /ceZjuat, to lie). To lie 
under, to be placed under, to be 
situated beneath or at the foot of. 

inoKplvofxaL, fut. -KpTvovfiai, &c. 
To answer. — To feign. — rpayu- 
dtac iiroKpivaad-at, to act in trage- 
dies. 

inonpLoic, eoc, y (from vTconplvofiai). 
Acting, representation. 

viroKptTfjc, ov, 6 (from iiroKplvo/iai). 
One who assumes a feigned char- 
acter, an actor, a hypocrite. 

i-rroKpovo, future -ovao, &c. (from 
vtto, denoting diminution, and 
fcpovcj, to strike). To strike gen- 
tly, to beat time, to keep time with 
the step. 

VTToXa/xddvo), future -Hjipouat, &c. 
(from iiro, under, and 7iau6av(o, to 
take). To take upon one's self (by 
going under), to assume, to re- 
ceive, to support, to suppose, to be 
of opinion, to believe, to reply. 

vTcolav&dvo, fut. -Xijaw, &c. (from 
iiro, under, and Xav&avu, to con- 
ceal). To conceal under. 

viroXeiTTG), fut. -Xeitpio, &c. (from 
iiro, behind, and "keiiro, to leave). 
To leave behind, to permit to re- 
main. — In the middle, to remain 
behind. 

vrco'hLod-aivu, fut. -oXio&rjtju, &c. 
(from vtto, denoting diminution, 
and 62,i.<y&alvu, to slip). To slip 
or fall away gradually, to decay 
by slow degrees, to sink down. 

iixoXvu, fut. -7.VOU), &c. (from iizo, be- 
neath, and "kvu, to loose). To loose 
from beneath, to relax, to weaken. 

ino/uevc), fut. -/j.evu, &c. (from iiro, 
behind, and fievu, to remain). To 
remain behind, to wait, to await, 
to persist, to endure. 

iTT0[j,i.fj,vf](7K(x), fut. iirofivyGU), &c. 
(from iiro, beneath, and jui.fj.vrjaKG), 
to remind). To remind by placing 
beneath the view, to put in mind, 
to suggest. — In the middle, to re- 
member. 

iirovouoc, ov, 6 (from iTrovifiofiai, 
to undermine). A subterraneous 
passage, a drain. 



rno 

vttovogteu, £, fut. -tjgcj, &c. (from 
vtto, beneath, and vogteg), to re- 
turn). To go back under, to tend 
downward, to return again, to de- 
scend. 

vttottittto), fut. -KEGovfiai, &c. (from 
vtto, beneath, and ttitttg), to fall). 
To fall beneath, to sink under, to 
fall down before, to lie under. 

f X7ro7rAd/aof, n, ov (adj. from vtto, 
beneath, and UTiukoc, Placus). 
Hypoplacian, i. e., situated at the 
foot of Mount Placus. 

vTTOTrrepoc, ov (adj. from vtto, de- 
noting diminution, and Trrepbv, a 
wing). Beginning to have wings, 
having wings. — Winged, fledged. 

vtt6ttt?/c, ov, 6 and rj (from vttoijjo- 
\iai, fut. to v(popdcj, to suspect). 
Suspicious. 

viroppeco, fut. -pevGo/uat, &c. (from 
vtto, beneath, and pecj, to flow). 
To flow away beneath, to glide 
away. 

vrcopu and vTropvvui, fut. -6pGu, &c. 
(from vtto, secretly, and opu, bpvv- 
fiL, to excite). To excite secretly, 
to instigate, to provoke, to arouse. 

VTroGTrdo, «, fut. -GirdGO), &c. (from 
vtto, under, and Grrdcj, to draw). 
To draw out from under, to extri- 
cate. 

vttogtDSo, fut. -GTiXxpu (from VTTO, 
denoting diminution, and gtiMcj, 
to glitter). To glitter faintly, to 
glimmer, to twinkle. 

VTTOGTp£(j>G), fut. -GTpstj)0), &C. (from 

vtto, back, and Grpfycj, to turn), 
and middle vivoGrpefyofiai. To 
turn round, to turn back, to return. 
inroGTpo<pr), f/c, i) (from viroGTpetyu). 
A return, a turning round. 

VTTOTU.GGO), AttlC -TaTTG), fut. -Ta^O, 

&c. (from vtto, under, and tclggu, 
to arrange). To arrange under, 
to render subordinate, to reduce to 
subjection. 

v-KOTe'keu, <3, fut. -reTieGu, &c. (from 
vtto, gradually, and reXiu, to ac- 
complish). To accomplish by de- 
grees, to perform gradually. — To 
pay off, to discharge (especially) a 
tax to the state. 

VKorid-riut, fut. virodf/GO, &c. (from 
vtto, under, and Ttdnut, to place). 

E E E 



YPK 

To place under, to hold forth to, to 
suggest, to lay down, to submit, 
to establish. 

VTTorpeyo), fut. -dpeipcj, &c. (from 
vtto, under, and rpecjxj, to nour- 
ish). To nourish underneath, to 
let grow. 

virorpexo), fut. -dpdfiovfiai, &c. (from 
vtto, under, and rpexo), to run). 
To run under, to seek protection 
under, to take shelter beneath. 

VTTorpofxoc, ov (adj. from vtto, deno- 
ting diminution, and rpefiu, to 
tremble). Quivering, trembling 
slightly, tremulous. 

vrzorpoTzoc, ov (adj. from VTrorpeTro- 
fiat, to return). Turning back, 
returning. 

v-ovpyeu, w, fut. -tjgo (from virovp- 
ybc, that aids). To afford aid, to 
serve, to assist, to be useful to, to 
perform. 

V7zo(pepo), fut. vttolgo), &c. (from 
vtto, under, and (f>epo), to bear). 
To bear up under, to sustain, to 
endure. — In the middle, to flow 
under. 

VTzocpcovecj, u, future ~<pG)V7}Go, &c. 
(from vtto, denoting diminution, 
and fyuveu, to speak). To speak 
in a low tone of voice, to whisper, 
to say in an under tone. 

viroxeipioQ, ov (adj. from vtto, under, 
and x e ' L Pi tae hand). That is under 
the hand, within reach, grasped 
with the hand. 

vttox&ovloc, ov (adj. from vtto, be- 
neath, and ##(jv, the earth). Sub- 
terraneous, below the earth, infer- 
nal. 

VTTOXupeu, &, future -xupi]Gu, &c. 
(from vtto, under, and ^wpew, to 
go). To pass off beneath, to give 
way, to recede, to yield. 

VTTO\[jLa, ac, i) (from v-rroipofiai, fut. 
to v<popdu, to suspect). Suspicion. 

vTTupeta, ac, v (prop. fern, of vttu- 
petog, beneath a mountain (from 
vtto, beneath, and opoc, a mount- 
ain), with x c '°P a understood). The 
country at the foot of the mount- 
ains. 

"TpKavia, ac, t). Hyrcania, a large 
country of Asia, situate south of 
the eastern part of the Caspian. 
601 



$AE 

'YpKdvog, rj, ov (adj.). Hyrcanian. 

vg, vog, 6 and r). A boar, a sow, 
swine. 

vaylvo6d<prjg, tg (adj. from vaylvov, 
a vegetable dyestuff, and j3utttu, 
to dye). Dyed scarlet, of a bright 
scarlet colour. 

vardrog, n, ov (adj.). The last. 

varepeo), £>, fut. -rjao, perf. vareprjKa 
(from varepoc). To be later, to 
remain behind. 

varcpog, a, ov (adj.). Later, that 
succeeds, next in order. — Neuter 
as an adverb, vcrepov, afterward, 
finally. — ev role varepov xpovoic, 
in after times. 

verptt;, ixoc, b and rj (from vg, and 
■&pi%, hair). A species of hedge- 
hog. 

ixpaivu), fut. vtyavu, perf. ixpayica. 
To weave. 

ixpaXoc, ov (adj. from viro, under, and 
aAf, the sea). Under water. — 
ixpaXov 7rotelv, to submerge. 

"Ytydoig, euc, r). The Hyphdsis, 
now the Beyah, a tributary of the 
Indus. 

ij(pa<yp.a, droc, to (from vcpalvo). A 
tissue, a garment, a robe. 

i)<pioT7]pu, fut. vttoottjgc,), &c. (from 
vtto, under, and larnpn, to place). 
To place under, to lay before, to 
arrange, to produce. — The perf. 
and 2d aor. have a neuter significa- 
tion same as the middle, voiard- 
fiaL. To oppose, to withstand, to 
undertake, to admit, to endure. 

vxpijloc, rj, op (adj. from vtpog). High, 
lofty. 

viplnvTiog, ov (adj. from vipc, high, 
and tzvXtj, a gale). High-gated. 

itpopocpog, ov (adj. from mpoc, and 
bpocprj, a roof). High-roofed. 

iiipoc, eoc, to (from v-ijji, high). A 
height, height, an elevation. 

vq, fut. voo, perf. vita. To make 
wet, to let rain, to rain. — In the 
passive, vofiat, to be rained upon, 
to be wet. 



<j>ayu (obsolete in the present), from 
it in use 2d aor. eepdyov, assigned 
to kaftlu. To eat. 

$a£$tdv, ovToc> 6. Phaethon, a son of 
602 



$AN 
Phoebus or the Sun, and Clym- 
ene. He obtained from his fa- 
ther permission to guide for one 
day the chariot of the sun, but, 
being unable to manage the steeds, 
he was struck by Jupiter with a 
thunderbolt, and hurled into the 
river Po. 

(paeivoc, r), ov (adj.), same as 

(paevvoc, rj, ov (adj. from <j>aoc). Shi-* 
ning, bright, brilliant, resplendent. 

Qaca!;, dKog, 6. Pluzax, one of the 
political opponents of Alcibiades 
at Athens. 

(paidtpog, n, ov (adj. from (palvu). 
Shining brightly, splendid, brill- 
iant, illustrious. 

(paidpog, a, ov (adj. from (paivu). 
Bright, clear, cheerful, joyous. 

(paivo, fut. <j)dvib, perf. Tceipayna, 2d 
aor. e<pdvov. To bring to light, 
to show, to display, to bring for- 
ward. — In the middle, to come 
forth to view, to appear, to seem. — 
With a participle it may sometimes 
be rendered by openly, plainly. 

(pattr}, rjg, r). Lentils, pottage made 
of lentils. 

fdhayt;, ayyog, r). A phalanx. 

(paXanpog, a, ov (adj.). Bald. 

QaXepvog, n, ov (adj.). Falernian, 
of or belonging to Falernus, a dis- 
trict of Campania in Southern It- 
aly, famous for the rich produce of 
its vineyards. — QdXepvog olvog, 
Falernian wine. 

§a?ir]pevg, eog, 6. Phalereus, a sur- 
name of Demetrius. See Arjfirj- 
rptog, 2. 

Qalriplnog, r), ov (adj.). Of or be- 
longing to Phalerum, Phalerian. 

QalrjpoZ (adv.). At Phalerum. 

Qalripov, ov, to. Phalerum, the 
most ancient of the Athenian ports, 
but which, after the erection of the 
docks in the Pirseus, ceased to be 
of any importance in a maritime 
point of view. 

<j)dvep6g, a, ov (adj. from (paivo). 
Apparent, evident, manifest, clear. 

(pavepog (adv. from (pavepog). Ev- 
idently, in public, openly. 

Qavodrj/Liog, ov, b. Phanodemus, an 
historian who wrote on the anti- 
quities of Attica. 



(pdoc, contr. (pfic, to. See (puc. 

(paptrpa, ac, Ionic (paperpn, nc, i] 
(from <pspcj, to bear). A quiver. 

(papirpiov, ov, to (dim. of (paperpa). 
A small quiver. 

(pappuKevc, euc, 6 (from (pu.pp.aKOv). 
One who prepares drugs, a drug- 
dealer. 

(pappuKic, idoc, tj (fern, to (pappuKevc). 
A sorceress, an enchantress. 

<pdpp.uK.ov, ov, to. A medicine, an 
antidote, a- remedy, a drug, a poi- 
son, a magic art. 

(pappucrao, Attic pappdrTO), fut. -a|b, 
perf. Tze(puppaxa. To produce an 
effect by m.eans of drugs. — Hence, 
to enchant, to poison. 

$apvuGa£oc, ov, 6 Pharnabazus, a 
Persian satrap, who assisted the 
Spartans against the Athenians. 

$dpoc, ov, 6. Pharos, a small island 
in the bay of Alexandria, on which 
was the famous tower built by 
Sostratus in the reigns of Ptolemy 
Soter and Philadelphus. The 
tower of Pharos could be seen at 
the distance of one hundred miles, 
and was reckoned one of the seven 
wonders of the world. 

(pupoc, soc, to. A garment, a 
cloak. 

(pdpvyg, vyyoc, tj (from (pdpu, to sev- 
er or divide). The gullet, the 
throat. 

Quglc, Idoc, 6. The Phdsis, now 
Rion or Rioni, a river of Asia, 
falling into the Euxine, after pass- 
ing through parts of Armenia, Ibe- 
ria, and Colchis. 

(paGKU, poetic imperf. (pduKov, same 
as <pr\pi. To say. 

(pdcrpa, utoc, to (from (puu, (paivu). 
An appearance, an apparition, a 
phantom. 

(puTvn, nc, y. A manger, a crib, a 
trough. 

(pav?afa, fut. -lau, perf. 7te(pav?uKa 
(from (pav?i.oc). To regard as of 
no value, to despise, to disparage, 
to condemn. 

(pav?*,oc, y, ov (adj.). Bad, small, 
mean, simple, cheap, of no value, 
unjust. — As a noun, 6 (pavhoc, a 
worthless person. 

(pavTuog (adv. from (pav?iog). Meanly, 



4>HM 

basely, badly, simply, with diffi- 
culty. 

(ptyyoc, eoc, to. Light, splendour, 
brightness, brilliancy, day. 

Qeidiac, ov, 6. Phidias, a celebra- 
ted statuary of Athens, who died 
B. C. 432. His statue of Jupiter 
Olympius was the best of his pro- 
ductions. 

(peitilTiov, ov, to. The public meal 
of the Spartans. 

(peidopai, fut. (peiaopai and later (pei- 
drjoopac, epic 2d aor. with redupl. 
'nEfldopnv. To spare, to pardon, 
to save, to refrain, to avoid. 

Qeidov, uvoc, 6. Phidon, a man 
who enjoyed the sovereign power 
at Argos, and is supposed to have 
invented scales and measures. 

Qepai, (bv, at. Phera, a city of Pe- 
lasgiotis, in Thessaly, one of the 
most ancient and important places 
in the country. 

$epaioi, uv, oi. The inhabitants of 
Phera. 

QepevduTTjc, ov, 6. Pherenddtes, a 
Persian satrap. 

(pepiGTog, v, ov (adj., irreg. superl. 
formed from (pspo). Best, bravest, 
most excellent. 

^ipnc, ov and nroc, 6. Pheres, king 
of Pheraa in Thessaly, son of Cre- 
theus and Tyro, and father of Ad- 
metus. 

(pspco, fut. olaa, perf. fjvoxa, with 
Attic redupl. hvfjvoxa, 1st aor. ijv- 
eyKa, 2d aor. yveyKov. To bear, 
to bring, to carry, to yield, to pro- 
duce, to carry off. — fiapsuq (pepeiv, 
to bear impatiently. — In the mid- 
dle, to bear away for one's self, to 
hurry along towards, to rush for- 
ward, to fly. — tu, 7Tpu>Ta (pepec&ai, 
to bear off the palm, to maintain 
the highest rank. 

(pevyu, fut. (pev^opat, perf. Tcefyevya 
or 7re(pvya (commonly called perf. 
mid.), 2d aor. etpvyov. To flee, 
to flee away, to escape. 

(pnyoc, ov, rj. An oak, a species of 
oak, strictly, having a round escu- 
lent nut. Not to be confounded 
with the fdgus or beach tree, the 
nuts of which are triangular. 

(pmn, nc, rj (from (prjul). A say-> 
603 



ing, rumour, a report, fame, rep- 
utation. 

<j>7}/j.i, 2d pers. <j){jc, 3d pers. tyyai, 
&c, imperf. £<pyv, mostly as aor., 
fut. <j>r}oo>, 1st aor. e^yaa, 2d aor. 
eIttov. To say, to utter, to re- 
mark, &c. — ovtc £(pr], he said that 
he would not, he refused. — In the 
middle, pres. not used, 2d aor. £0- 
afj.nv, part, (pd/uevoc ; same signi- 
fication as the active. 

<j>-8dvG), future <f>-&doo) and <p-&r]COfj.ai, 
perf. tydana, 2d aor. £(p&nv, inf. 
(p&rjvai, part. <p-&dg. To he he- 
forehand, to anticipate, to he soon- 
er. — With a participle it is com- 
monly rendered adverbially ; as, 
ity&yv (nritJv, I went away before, 
i. e., I anticipated by going. — In 
a negative proposition with a par- 
ticiple, and connected by /cat to 
the following clause, it means no 
sooner, and /cat is to be rendered 
than. 

<j>-&eyyo/j.at., fut. <j>d-ey^ofj,at. To utter, 
to speak. 

Qfteipo), fut. <p-&epC), perf. eQ&apKa, 
2d aor. £<j>$apov, perf. mid. £<p-&o- 
pa. To corrupt, to ruin, to lay 
waste, to destroy. 

$&ia, ag, 7). Phthia, a district of 
Phthiotis, in Thessaly, where Pe- 
leus the father of Achilles reign- 
ed. 

tyd-LvoTnopov, ov, to (from (p&ivu, and 
bntjpa, autumn). The end of au- 
tumn or harvest season, autumn. 
See note, page 176, III., line 1. 

<p&ivo and <p-&iu, fut. ty-Slao, perf. 
e(/>-&LKa. To destroy, to cause to 
waste away, to kill. — Neuter, to 
waste away, to perish. 

<}>-&byyog, ov, 6 (from (p&syyofiai). A 
sound, a cry. 

ip-&ovepoc, a, ov (adj. from <j>&6voc). 
Envious, jealous. 

Q&oveo, £>, fut. -ijao), perf. kfydovriKa 
(from <p-&6voc). To envy, to be 
jealous of. 

<p-&6voc, ov, 6. Envy, jealousy, en- 
vious detraction or disparagement. 

<p-8opd, ac, y (from (p&eipo). De- 
struction, corruption, ruin, loss, 
an overthrow. 

<jr&6poc, ov, 6, same as §-&opa. 
604 



*IA 

§Takr\, yc, ?) (from ttIvu, to drink). 
A cup, a bowl, a goblet. 

(pUdfia, droc, Doric for (pi2,y/j,a, droq, 
to (from (pcteo). A kiss. 

(jyLldv&puriTOc, ov (adj. from (j>laoc, 
loving, and uv&puKoc, man). That 
loves mankind, philanthropic, hu- 
mane, friendly. 

(j)L/\.avTd-pd)Trcjc (adv. from ^tXdv&pco- 
7toc). Humanely, in a friendly 
manner, affectionately. 

(pclapyvpia, ac, y (from <pi2.apyvpio, 
to love money). The love of mon- 
ey, avarice. 

(piTiavria, ac, y (from (julavTEU, to 
have self-love, from epilog, loving, 
and avTdv, self). Self-love, ego- 
tism, selfishness. 

(pcXepyia, ac, rj (from (piXoc, loving, 
and epyov, labour). Love of la- 
bour, diligence, industry, activity. 

(pileu, <j, fut. -ycjcj, perf. iretyil^yna, 
Doric fut. -aero), perf. 7re</>t/,d/ca 
(from epilog, loving). To love, to 
be fond of, to kiss. — With an in- 
finitive, to be wont. 

^Ckriyndv, ovog, 6. Philemon, a comic 
poet, the rival of Menander. Ac- 
cording to some authorities a native 
of Syracuse, while others make him 
to have been born at Soloe in Ci- 
licia. 

QiXyTdc, a, 6. Philetas, a gramma- 
rian and poet of Cos, in the reign 
of King Philip, and of his son 
Alexander the Great. 

(pilia, ac, if] (from (ptXecj). Love, 
friendship. 

<pi?uoc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
<pi?ioc, loving). Friendly, kindly 
disposed. 

$iXnnrid7jc, ov, 6. Philippides. 

QiliTnroc, ov, 6. Philip, the cele- 
brated king of Macedonia, and fa- 
ther of Alexander the Great. 

(pilodoZia, ac, rj (from §ikb&o£oc). 
Love of glory, ambition. 

(pilbdo^og, ov (adj. from <pilor, loving, 
and Sb^a, glory). Loving glory, 
ambitious. 

tyikbnakog, ov (adj. from (pilog, loving, 
and KdXog, beautiful). That loves 
the beautiful, virtuous, honourable. 

tyL?iOKLv6vvoc (adv. from tyiTiOKivdv- 
voc, that loves danger). Rashly. 



<pi7iOKoap.og, ov (adj. from (pllog, lov- 
ing, and Koofiog, ornament). Fond 
of ornament. 

$i2,0KpaTr}g, ov, 6. Philocrates, an 
Athenian orator, contemporary 
with Demosthenes, bribed by 
Philip of Macedon. 

<pt?io/u.d-&^g, eg (adj. from (f>l/iog, loving, 
and /j.av&avo), to learn, 2d aor. inf. 
fia-d-elv). Fond of learning, stu- 
dious. 

§Cko}j.ri7ia, ag, r). Philomela, a daugh- 
ter of PandTon king of Athens, and 
sister to Procne. She was changed 
into a swallow. 

fyikoveuda, ag, 57 (from <j)iX6vecK0g). 
A love of strife, emulation, ambi- 
tion. 

(piXoveiKog, ov (adj. from (piTiog, loving, 
and vstKog, strife). That loves 
strife, quarrelsome, ambitious. — 
Neuter, as a noun, to (ptXoveiKOv, 
ambition. 

<pi7i6%evog, ov (adj. from (piXog, loving, 
and ijevog, a stranger). Hospita- 
ble. 

$tlot;evog, ov, 6. Philoxenus, 1. A 
dithyrambic poet of Cythera, who 
was imprisoned in the quarries at 
Syracuse by Dionysius the tyrant 
of Sicily. — 2. A celebrated epi- 
cure. 

fyikoTcarop, op (adj. from <f>ilog, lov- 
ing, and rzarrip, a father). That 
loves one's father, filial. 

$ilo7raTcjp, opog, 6 (the preceding as 
a proper name). Philopator, an 
epithet of one of the Ptolemies. 
See note, page 2, line 13-18. 

tyiloTTOvia, ag, ?/ (from ^iXorcovog). 
Love of labour, diligence, labo- 
riousness. 

fyikoKovog, ov (adj. from fyiTiog, lov- 
ing, and irovog, labour). That 
loves labour, laborious, fond of la- 
bour, industrious. 

tyikoTrovog (adv. from (pthoTrovog). 
Laboriously, assiduously. 

tftloTTpLJTog, ov (adj. from (piXog, 
loving, and rcpCirog, first). Fond 
of being first. — Neuter, as a noun, 
to TuhoTrpGiTov, a desire of being 
first, a love of superiority. 

filog, n, ov (adj.). Loving, fond of, 
beloved, dear to, friendly. — Com- 
E e E 2 



*IA 

parative tpilTepog, superlative qik- 
Turog. — As a noun, 6 <f>iXog, a 
friend. — In epic poetry epilog often 
has the force of a possessive pro- 
noun, mine, thine, his, hers, &c., 
according to the person. 

<j)i?io<jo<f>£G), €>, fut. -rjcto, perf. Tretyt- 
"kooocp-nna (from (piXoeocpog). To 
be a philosopher, to study philoso- 
phy. 

(piXooofyia, ag, rj (from <f>i?iO(To<peo)). 
Philosophy. 

<piX6oo(pog, ov (adj. from yiXog, lov- 
ing, and oo<pia, icisdom). Loving 
wisdom, ardent in pursuit of 
knowledge, philosophical. — As a 
noun, <piX6oo<t>og, ov, 6, a philoso- 
pher. — ?], a female philosopher. 

fyikoTtxyog, ov (adj. from $i%og, and 
Texvn, an art). That loves an art, 
skilled in works of art, artificial, 
favouring the advancement of the 
arts. 

<f>i?<OT£x vu £ (adv. from (j)i?.oTexvog). 
Artfully, skilfully, artificially. 

(piTiorlfieofiai, ovfiai, future -fjCOfxai 
(from (juloTi/LLog). To be ambitious, 
to labour strenuously, to exert one's 
self. 

<pi?MTtftia, ag, rj (from $i'AoT7.{ieofj.ai). 
A love of honour, ambition, emu- 
lation, ardour. 

(piAoTlfiog, ov (adj. from (pl?.og, lov- 
ing, and Tlfir], honour). Eagerly 
seeking distinction, fond of dis- 
tinction, ambitious. — As a noun, 
to tyilorlfiov, love of distinction, 
ambition. 

(f>i?.OTlfj.og (adv. from $t,?iOTl[j,og). 
Ambitiously, zealously, ardently, 
carefully . 

<j)ilo(ppov£op.ai, ovfiai, future -rjaofiat 
(from fiAog, friendly, and (pprjv, 
mind). To receive or treat with 
friendship, to treat kindly, to be 
well disposed towards. 

(ptfiotipocrvvn, rjg, rj (from (ptAoQpov, 
of a friendly disposition). A 
friendly disposition, courtesy, af- 
fection. 

<btk6<povog, ov (adj. from <piAog, lov- 
ing, and cpovi}, a voice, speech). 
Talkative, loquacious. — Neuter, as 
a noun, to (piA6(puvov, a chattering 
propensity, loquacity. 

605 



$01 

QiTiOTpvxoc, ov (adj. from tytXoc, lov- 
ing, and ipvxv, life). Loving life, 
fond of life. — Hence, timid, cow- 
ardly (through love of life). 

tyikvp.voq, ov (adj. from cpiXoc, loving, 
and vfivoc, a song). Loving song, 
delighting in song. 

$tvevc, ewe, 6. Phineus, a king of 
Thrace, who was freed from the 
attacks of the Harpies and restored 
to sight by the Argonauts. 

tfleip, (f>Xe66g, i) (from (pteu, to flow). 
A vein. 

$kia, dc, r). A doorpost. — at <j>?ual, 
the doorposts, the thresholds. 

^koylvoq, n, ov (adj. from ^Aof)- 
Flame- coloured. 

<P?ioy6eic, oeaaa, oev (adj. from <j)X6f). 
Flaming, blazing, shining bright- 
ly. 

fikoyudyc, ec (adj. from $2,6!;, and 
eUoc, appearance). Resembling 
flame, fiery, blazing. 

$2,6%, (p/ioyoc, i) (from (pAeyio, to 
burn). Flame, the blaze. 

<pXvdpi(i), ib, fut. -77(76), perf. Tze<fkva- 
pnna (from <pAvdpog, that indulges 
in tnfling or idle talking). To 
talk idly, to trifle, to prate. 

<po6epoc, d, ov (adj. from <p66eu). 
Fearful, dreadful, formidable. 

<po6ev/j.at, Doric for (poSov/iai. 

ipoSsco, d>, fut. -r)aa, perf. irefpoBnua 
(from (p66oc). To terrify, to strike 
with dismay, to frighten, to alarm. 
— In the passive, to flee through 
dread, to be afraid. 

<}>66og, ov, 6 (from ^>e6o/u.at, to be ter- 
rified). Fear, dismay, terror. 

$66oe, ov, 6 (above as proper name). 
Fear, personified. 

$ol6oc, ov, 6. Phoebus, a surname of 
Apollo. 

ftotvinn, vc, r). Phoenicia, a country 
of Asia, extending along the coast 
of Syria, about thirty-five miles in 
length, but very limited in breadth. 

QoIvlI;, Ikoc, 6. A Phoznician. 

§oivL%, Ikoc, 6. The palm-tree. — 
Also, the fruit of the palm-tree, a 
date. 

Qolvioc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
<f>6voc, blood). Bloody, of the col- 
our of blood, defiled with gore. 

Qoiviooa, 77c, t) (fem. of $olvlI~). A 
606 



$PI 

Phoznician woman. — As fem. adj., 
Phoznician. 

(bocrda), €>, fut. -7Jao, perf. ne^o'crnica 
(from (f>olroc, a roaming about). 
To come or go, to wander about, to 
roam up and down, to frequent, to 
traverse, to go frequently . 

<j>oXididToc, r), ov (adj. from <j>oaIc, a 
scale). Covered with scales, scaly. 

(j>oveve, ecoc, 6 (from (povevu). A 
murderer. 

(j>oveva), fut. -evao), perf. nefyovevKa 
(from (j>6voc). To murder, to kill, 
to assassinate, to slay. 

tyovoe, ov, 6 (from <j>evo), to slay). 
Murder, an assassination, blood, 
gore. 

(popeco, C), fut. -rjG(J, perf. irstyopnua 
(a form of (ftepo). To carry for- 
ward, to convey, to carry, to pos- 
sess, to wear. 

Qopnoe, ov, 6. Phorcus or Phorcys, 
a son of Pontus and Terra, and 
father of the Gorgons, &c. 

<j>6poc, ov, 6 (from <j)epo), to bring). 
Tribute, a tax. 

(popriov, ov, to (from ftspu)). A load, 
a burden. — rd Qopria, wares. 

(poprlnibc (adv. from (popTLnoc, used 
in carrying loads). In a trouble- 
some manner, in a burdensome 
manner. 

(j>payfioc, ov, 6 (from (ppdaau). The 
act of enclosing, enclosure, an en- 
campment. 

fypdyvvjii, a form of (ppaaao). 

(J>pd^o), fut. QpdotA), perf. Tre<f>pada, 2d 
aor. ecppudov, poetic with redupl. 
rce<bpd8ov. To say, to indicate, to 
point, to explain, to tell, to utter. 

(j>pdaao) and Att. (ppdrro, fut. <ppd^u, 
perf. rretypaxa. To shut up, to ob- 
struct, to preserve, to strengthen, 
to secure by enclosing. 

(ppeap, <f>pedToc, to. A well. 

(ppfjv, (j)pev6c, r). The mind, the in- 
tellect, the understanding, thought. 

$pi%oc, ov, 6. Phrixus, son of Ath- 
amas and Nephele, and brother of 
Helle. 

^pierau, Att. fypLTTio, fut. (pp'itjc), perf . 
7retpplKa. To have the surface 
rough, to become rough. — The perf. 
act. has apres. signification, Trerbpl- 
k6c, via, 6$, stiff with, rough with. 



<J>TA 

(ppoveo), ti, fut. -r/au, perf. Trecppovrj- 
fca (from 0p^v). To think, to re- 
flect, to deliberate. — fieya (ppovelv, 
to be proud. — ev (bpovetv, to be 
kindly disposed. 

(ppovnua, aroc (from (ppovsu). Re- 
flection, thought. — Haughtiness, 
pride, insolence, boasting. 

(ppovnaic, sue, r) (from Qpoveu). In- 
telligence, reflection, prudence. 

typovTifa, fut. -Tgcj, perf. TrscppovTina 
(from Qpovric). To think of, to 
be concerned about, to care for, to 
be anxious. 

(ppovric, Idog, r) (from (ppoveu). Anx- 
iety, thought, care, solicitude. 

<Ppovpd, dc, r} (from Trpoopao, to watch 
before). A watch, a guard, a gar- 
rison. 

(ppovpiu, ti, fut. -7]ou, perf. ireQpovpn- 
tca (from typovpoc). To watch, to 
observe, to be on guard, to protect. 

fpovpnc, ov, 6 (contr. for irpoopoc, 
from Trpoopao, to watch before). 
A watcher, a guard, a sentinel, a 
keeper. 

typvaoaouat, Att. -drrouac, fut. -d£;o- 
[iai. To be proud or haughty, to 
conduct one's self proudly, to carry 
one's self high, to boast. 

Qpvyia, ac, Ionic $pvyty, nc, 7). 
Phrygia. 1. A country of Asia 
Minor, east of Lydia. — 2. Another 
district of Asia Minor, named 
Phrygia Minor, situated on the 
Hellespont, and comprising the 
Trojan territory. 

$pv$j, Qpvyog, 6. A Phrygian. 

(j>vyd6evo), fut. -evgu (from dvydc). 
To compel one to flee his country, 
to banish, to put to flight. 

(pvyd6o-&7jpac, ov, 6 (from (pvydc, and 
■&npdu, to hunt). A fugitive- hunt- 
er. 

(pvydc, adoc, 6 and y (from (f>evycj, to 
flee). A fugitive, a deserter, an 
exile. 

<pvyf/, rje, 7) (from Qevyu, to flee). 
Flight, banishment, exile. 

($>v\dK7i, r)c, i) (from (pvAaGGu). A 
guard, watch, a garrison. — Con- 
finement, imprisonment, a prison, 
vigilance. 

0£>2d/coc, ov, 6, poetic and Ionic for 
$i)Aai;. 



$Yi2 

(j>uAa$, ukoc, 6 (from fvAuGGio). A 
guard, a guardian, a keeper, a 
sentinel. 

(pvXdaau, Attic (pvAuTTo, fut. -d£u, 
perf. Tve^vldxa. To watch, to ob- 
serve, to guard, to preserve, to keep 
watch, to reserve. — In the middle, 
to be on one's guard, to take heed, 
to beware. 

<\>i)lri, r}c, 7). A race, a tribe, a class. 

(j)v?Jidc, adoc, y (from (pv'AAov). A 
verdant bough, foliage, a bed of 
leaves. 

Qvaaov, ov, to (from <pvu). A leaf, 
a flower, foliage. 

(pvAAoxooc, ov (adj. from (bvAAov, and 
Xeo, to pour out, to shed). Leaf- 
shedding, in which the leaves fall 
(of a certain season). 

(j)VAov, ov, to (from (j>vo). A race, 
a tribe, a class, a kind, a nation. 

$vi;toc, ov, 6 (from <pv$ic, poetic for 
cpvyy). The god of escape, an ep- 
ithet applied to Jupiter, as aiding 
escape from dangers. 

(pvaao), d>, fut. -tjgu), perf. i7E§vo7]Ka 
(from (pvaa, wind). To blow, to 
breathe, to swell with the wind, to 
emit the breath strongly, to snort. 

(j>vanua, utoc, to (from Qvodu). A 
blast of wind, a breath, a puff, a 
breathing. 

(pvoiKoc, y, ov (adj. from §vglc). 
Natural. 

(pvaoAoyia, ac, y (from tyvGioAoyeo, 
to examine and explain the laws of 
nature, which from (pverte, and ae- 
yu, to discourse about). An in- 
quiry into the laivs of nature, nat- 
ural philosophy, the study of na- 
ture. 

§vgic, sue, 7] (from 6vu). Birth, na- 
ture, character, natural talents. — 
In the plural, at (pvaecc, the pro- 
ductions of nature, plants. 

<l>VTeia, ac, y (from fvrevo)). A plant- 
ing, a plantation, a plant. 

(pvTEVu, fut. -evgo, perf. ■KEfyvTEVna 
(from (}>vt6v). To plant, to pro- 
duce, to bring about. 

<j>vtov, ov, to (from <pvu). A plant. 

(pvu, fut. (pvGO) : perf. izEcpvua, 2d aor. 

efvv. To beget, to produce, to 

bring forth, to cause to grow, to 

have from nature. — The 2d aor. 

607 



XAI 

and perf. have a neuter significa- 
tion, to be, to exist. — In the mid- 
dle, to grow, to increase. — In the 
passive, to be created, to be pro- 
duced, to be formed by nature. 

Qukevc, ecoc, 6. A Phocian, an in- 
habitant of Phocis. 

$ukik.6c, 7], 6v (adj.). Phocian, of 
or belonging to Phocis. 

Atonic-, Idoc, if. Phocis, a small 
country of Greece, bordering on 
the Corinthian Gulf, having Baeo- 
tia on the east, and iEtolia and 
the Locri Ozoks on the west. 

^cok'lcov, tovoc, 6. Phocion, a dis- 
tinguished Athenian statesman and 
commander, celebrated for his in- 
corruptible integrity. 

4><2>/coc, ov, 6. Phbc.us, the son of 
Phocion, dissolute in his manners, 
and unworthy of his great father. 

tjxoleoc, ov, o. A den, a hole, the 
lair (of a wild beast). — In the plu- 
ral, ra (pu?i,ed. 

cpcoveco, to, fut. -rjato, perf. Tvetbtovnua 
(from fytovrf). To speak, to say. 

fuvfj, fjc, 7], Doric tptovd, ac, d. A 
sound, a voice, a note, a saying, 
the singing (of a bird), the barking 
(of a dog). 

iptovqeic, rjeaaa, r)ev (adj. from tbtovi]). 
That has voice, endowed with 
speech, vocal, speaking. 

tptopdto, id, fut. -d(7w, perf. Tretptopdna 
(from tptop, a thief). To search 
after a thief, to detect. 

tpuc, cptordc, 6. A man, a hero. 

tptoc, tbtoroc, to (contr. from tpdoc). 
Light. 

X. 

%u, by crasis for nal d. 

Xtiivto, fut. _^av6), perf. KexayKa 
commonly icexyva, 2d aor. exdvov. 
To open, to gape, to stand open. — 
npoc ri, to strive for anything, to 
listen attentively. 

%aipto, fut. xupti and x at P^ a(j) i P ei *f- 
ttexaptta and Kexdp?]Ka, 1st aor. 
mid. exvpdurjv, 2d aor. pass, exd- 
pnv. To rejoice, to exult. — As re- 
gards the use of x at P £LV at tne be- 
ginning of letters, &c, see note, 
page 47, line 15-20. 

Xatpuveia, ac, ij. Chczronea, now 
608 



XAA 

called Kaprena, a city of Boeotia, 
memorable for the irretrievable de- 
feat of the Athenians by Philip, 
B.C. 338. 

Xairr}, rjc, i). The hair, a lock of 
hair. 

XaTia^a, yc, r\ (from ^a/law). Hail. 

XaXda, to, fut. -atrto, perf. nexdhdna 
(from obsolete ^dw, to stand open). 
To loosen, to unbend, to relax. 

~Ka"kdaioi, tov, ol. The Chaldceans, 
inhabitants of Chaldasa, a country 
of Asia at the head of the Persian 
Gulf and south of Babylonia. 

XaXeiralvio, fut. -dvto (horn xa^eiroc). 
To irritate, to enrage. — Neuter, to 
be displeased, to be angry with. 

XdleTtoc, y, ov (adj.). Hard, diffi- 
cult, harsh, cruel, painful. 

XaTienoryc, yroc, y (from ^aAeTroo). 
Hardness, difficulty, harshness, 
sternness, arrogance. 

Xa2,eTTtoc (adv. from ;^a/l£7r6c). With 
difficulty, harshly, roughly. 

XdAlvog, ov, 6 (from x a ^ u )- A bri- 
dle, a bit, a curb. — Poetic plural, 
ra x^lvd. 

XaMvoto, Co, fut. -toato, perf. nexaM- 
vcoKa (from xafavoc). To bridle, 
to rein in, to restrain. 

XcCKkbIov, ov, to (from ^a/l/cevw, ta 
be a smith). A smith's workshop, 
a forge. 

XalK£u6oloc, ov (adj. from ^d/l/cof, 
and euBoTioc, the beak of a ship). 
Having a brazen prow, brazen- 
prowed. 

XaTiKeoc, ea, eov, contr. ^aA/coiic, y, 
ovv (adj. from ^aA/coc). Brazen, 
of brass. 

Xdhcevc, ecoc, 6 (from ^aA/ce^y, to 
work in brass or iron). A smith. 

XalKLotiioc, ov (adj. from ^aA/cdc, 
and oJkoc, a house). Of or be- 
longing to a brazen abode. See 
note, page 44, line 21-28. 

Xa'/iKOKopvcrr^c, ov, 6 (from x a ~ AK ° c i 
and Kopvaoco, to arm with a hel- 
met). Of the brazen helmet, armed 
in brass. 

XalKonovc, ovv, gen. -rcodoc (adj. 
(from ^aA/cdc, and irovc, a foot). 
Brass-footed. 

Xa^Koc, ov, 6. Copper, brass, bronze. 

XalKOxiTtov, ov (adj. from ^aA/cdf, 



XEI 

and x LT< ^ v i a garment, a cover- 
ing). Armed with brass, in bra- 
zen armour. 

Xa/iu^e and x a l ia ' i ( a dv.). On the 
ground. 

Xapd, uq, r/ (from x a ' L P u )- J°V- 

Xupvg, tjtoc, 6. Chares, an Athenian 
general noted for his incapacity. 

Xapieic, sacra, ev (adjective from xd- 
pic ). Graceful, peaceful, agreea- 
ble, beautiful. 

Xapcevruc (adverb from x a p' L£L £)- 
Agreeably, pleasantly. 

Xapi^ojiai, fut. -Zaofiai, perf. Ktxdpia- 
jiai (from %dpig )• To give delight 
to, to gratify, to please, to confer 
a favour on, to bestow. 

XapiK?Jnc, eovc, 6. Chancles. 

Xapi/i?M, 6oc contr. ovc, rj. Chart- 
do, the mother of Tiresias. 

XapO.doc, ov, 6. Charildus, a son 
of Polydectes king of Sparta, edu- 
cated and protected by his uncle 
Lycurgus. 

Xdpic, croc, i] (from x ai pu, to rejoice). 
Joy, grace, attraction, favour, a 
gift, thanks, &c. — X^P iV £ X £iV -> t0 
feel grateful to, to thank. — x^P LV 
anodldovai, to return a favour, to 
testify gratitude. — xdpt-v (accus. 
sing, as adv.), on account of for 
the sake of, with the genitive. 

Xdpirec, ov, ai. The Graces, daugh- 
ters of Venus and Jupiter, or Bac- 
chus, three in number, Aglaia, 
Thalia, and Euphrbsyne. 

Xapuidrjc, ov, 6. Charmtdes. 

Xapnov, ov, to (dim. of xdp~7jc, pa- 
per). Paper. 

Xaujia, droc, to (from ^atW, perf. 
pass. Kixao/nac). A cavity, a 
chasm, an abyss, an opening, the 
distended jaws (of a large ani- 
mal). 

XCiv?u66ovc, dovToc, d (from xov'hioc, 
prominent, and odovc, a tooth). A 
tusk. 

Xavvoq, n, ov (adj. from obs. ^ow, 
whence x a ' LVU )- Porous, loose, 
soft, brittle, light, empty, useless. 

Xet^og, eoc, to. The lip, a margin, 
a rim, a border. 

Xei?Mv, uvoc, 6. Chilo, a Spartan 
philosopher, one of the seven wise 
men of Greece. 



XEI 

Xtipa, droc, to (from x £u )- Winter, 
cold. 

Xeifidfa, fut. -dou, perf. Kexei.fj.uKa 
(from x £ ^ a )- To render frozen. 
— Neuter, to pass the winter. — In 
the passive, to be overtaken by a 
storm. 

Xeifiappoc, ov, and x Ei H-uppove, ov, 6 
(from ^//a, and poog, ()ovq, a tor- 
rent). A mountain torrent (swell- 
ed with melted snow, &c). 

Xei^ueptvoc, ij, 6v (adj. from xeifxa), 
same as 

Xetp-spioc, a, ov, and oc, ov (adj. from 
Xeipa). Wintry, of winter, cold, 
stormy, rough. 

xeifiuv, uvoc, 6 (from x&H- -)- Whi- 
ter, wintry weather, a storm, a 
tempest, the cold of winter. — tov 
XeLfMuvoc, in winter. 

X £ '<-P, X £L po c ' V (from the theme xdo), 
Xeu, to grasp). The hand. — dxpc 
Xetpdiv, to blows, to personal vio- 
lence. — livai or k/.d-elv eic x £ ip a Cy 
to come to an engagement. 

XeiptoToc, 7], ov (adj., irreg. superl. to 
k&koc, bad). Worst, basest, &c. 

Xeiporj&T]c, ec (adj. from x £i Pi an d 
ij&og, custom, habit). Accustomed 
to the hand, tame, gentle, domes- 
tic. 

XeipoiT/,7i$7jc, ec (adj. from x £ <-Pt an ^ 
7r2.7/-&u, to fill). Filling the hand. 

XecpOTToirjToc, ov (adj. from x £i Pi an d 
iToiscj, to make). Made by the 
hand, skilfully constructed, arti- 
ficial. 

XeipoToveo, Cb, fut. -ijau, perf. ks- 
XeipoTovrjKa (from x £L Pi an0 ^ r£ iw, 
to extend). To extend the hand (as 
in voting). — Hence, to vote, to 
choose by one's vote, to elect. 

XeipoTovia, ac, 7} (from x £t -P°~ 0V£u )- 
A voting by holding up the hand, 
a vote, a choice, an election. 

Xeipovpyia, ac, v (from X £L P-> an( ^ 
epyov, an operation). A manual 
operation, a surgical operation, 
surgery. 

XeipovpylKoc, tj, ov (adj. from x £L ~ 
povpyia). Expert in surgical 
operations, pertaining to a sur- 
gical operation. — As a noun, 6, a 
surgeon. 

Xeipoco, C), fut. -ucg), perf. KexeipuKa 
609 



XHT 

(from X EL P)- To treat with vio- 
lence. — In the middle, to vanquish, 
to master, to subdue. 

Xeipwv, uvog, 6. Chiron, one of the 
Centaurs, famous for his knowl- 
edge of medicine. He was the 
instructer of the most distinguish- 
ed heroes of his age. 

XEtpuv, ov (adj., irreg. comp. to 
kcLkoc, bad). Worse, weaker, 
baser, &c. 

"KellSovLog, a, ov (adj.). Chelido- 
nian. — Xe?udoviai, ov, at (vtjgol 
understood). The Chelidonian 
islands, a cluster of small islands 
off the coast of Lycia, south of the 
Sacrum Promontorium. They are 
now called Kelidoni. 

%zkW(dv, bvog, t). A swallow. 

XeX6un, rjg, rj. A tortoise, a turtle. 

Xepfiovr/rjifo, fut. -lgcj (from x^P^dvn- 
croc). To form a peninsula, to look 
like a peninsula. 

X^ovnaoQ, ov, and x E P G ovr]Gog, ov, 
t) (from x e PP oc i Attic for x E P aoc -> 
and vijoog, an island). A penin- 
sula.— As a proper name, Xepao- 
vrjaog, the Chersonese. 

Xepcratoc, a, ov, and og, ov (adj. from 
X^P^oc). Living on the land, per- 
taining to land. 

Xepaevo, fut. -evgu, perf. fcexspo-Evrca 
(from x E P ao s)- To live on land, 
to remain on land. 

Xepcroc, ov, 6. A continent, land, the 
main land. 

Xepvdpiov, ov, to (dim. of X E ^P)- A 
little hand. 

Xeo>, fut. ^evo-w, 1st aor. lx za an ^ 
eX^va, part. X Eac i perf. KExvua- 
To pour out, to shed, to diffuse, to 
spread around, to throw or heap 
up, to melt. 

Xfkq, r)c, i) (from obsolete ^a6>, root 
of x a ' LVU )- A cloven foot, the claw 
(of a bird, &c), a hoof. 

Xvv, xV v oc, t). A goose. 

Xvvewc, a, ov (adj. from XV V )- Of a 
goose. 

XVP oc i °-> ov ( a dj- from obsolete ^aw, 
akin to Latin cared). Bereft, sep- 
arated from, deprived of, abandon- 
ed, deserted. — yvvr) xvp a i a widow. 

XtJtoc, eoc, to (from obs. x^h to be 
empty). Want, deprivation. 
610 



XOP 

X&ec (adv.). Yesterday. 

X&uv, x^ ov oc, t). The earth, the 
ground, land. 

XlMdc, udoc, 7) (from x^ 101 )- The 
number one thousand, a thousand. 

X'Otioi, at, a (num. adj.). A thous- 
and. 

XiAwv, uvoc, 6. Chilo. 

Xi/u.aipa, ag, t). The Chimcera, a 
fabulous monster, the offspring of 
Typhon and Echidna ; the fore 
parts of its body were those of a 
lion, the middle that of a goat, 
the hinder parts those of a dragon. 
It had, moreover, three heads, and 
continually breathed out flames of 
fire. 

Xtovsog, a, ov (adj. from ^(w). Of 
snow, snowy, like snow. 

X?t6v, uvoc, 6. An under garment, 
a tunic, a robe. 

XiTtoviaitoc, ov, 6 (dim. of ^t-rav). 
A small tunic or robe. — x iTUVia - 
koi, scanty clothing. 

X%£>v, x^voc, t) (from x E(ji i to pour 
out). Snow. 

X^atva, Ionic x^oivn, 7]c, r). An outer 
garment, a cloak. 

X^ajuvdlov, ov, to (dim. of x^jivr). 
A military cloak, a small cloak. 

x"ku;ivc, vdoc, t). A cloak. 

X^Evufa, fut. -uao, perf. KEx^Evaaa 
(from ^/l£t»?7, derision). To treat 
insolently, to deride. 

X^EvaG/Lidc, ov, 6 (from ^Zevafw). 
Insolence, scornful derision. 

X^upoc, a, ov (adj. from x^ooc, ver- 
dure). Verdant, green, blooming, 
fresh, youthful. 

Xolpoc, ov, 6. A hog. 

XO?ido>, 6 (from x°^V)- To be aiigry. 

Xolrj, i)c, r), Doric ^oAa, ac, a. Bile, 
gall. — Hence, anger. 

Xokoq, ov, 6. Bile. — Anger, wrath. 

XoTibu, o), fut. -UGO, perf. /ce^oAw/ca 
(from x°^°c)- To excite the bile, 
to excite, to enrage. — In the mid- 
dle, to be angry, to have one's an- 
ger excited. 

XovSpog, ov, t). A grain. 

Xopdr), fig, t). A gut. — Hence, the 
string (of a musical instrument), 
a chord. 

XopEVTijg, ov, 6 (from ^opetSw). A 
dancer. 



XPH 

Xopsvu, fut. -evcru, perf. KExopEvna 
(from x°P°Si a dance, a choir). To 
dance a solemn dance with sing- 
ers, &c, to celebrate with dances 
and music, to lead choruses, to 
dance. 

Xopnyeo, u, fut. -r/acj, perf. KEx°py- 
ynna (from x°PVy° c )- To defray 
the expenses of a chorus. — Hence, 
to fit out, to furnish or provide 
with (at one's own cost). 

XOpnyia, ac, ?/ (from xopnyiu). The 
defraying the expense of a chorus. 
— Hence, equipment, preparation, 
provision, furniture. 

Xopvyoc, ov, 6 (from x°P°G> a dance, 
a band of singers and dancers, and 
fjyeofiaL, to lead). Properly, the 
leader of a band of dancers and 
singers. — Mostly, a person who 
fits out and provides a chorus for 
a theatrical representation at his 
own expense. — Hence, frequently, 
in a general sense, one who bestows 
(at his own cost), a furnisher, a 
provider, a patron. 

Xoproc, ov, 6. Properly, an enclosed 
place. — An enclosure, a yard, a 
courtyard. — Also, grass, herbage, 
fodder. 

Xou, inf. pv, root of xuvvv/ii. To 
heap up, &c. See pwfj. 

Xpau, «, fut. XPV™! P ef f- K-£XPV Ka ~ 
To give to another to make use of, 
to give an oracle, to deliver an 
oracular response. — The more 
usual form is the middle, XP^°- 
fiai, ^pw/xai, fut. xP^l ao l iai -> P er f- 
pass. Kcxpniiai and Ksxp^crpai. To 
use, i. e., to give to one's self to 
use. — To make use of, to receive, 
to make trial of, to exercise, to 
have intercourse with. — To receive 
an oracle. — With #£M, to consult 
an oracle. 

Xpeta, ac, v {from xpeoc, need). Need, 
want, privation, use, value, exer- 
cise. — xP ELa £<JTh there is need, it 
is necessary. 

Xpeuv, to (indecl. from XPV)- -Ne- 
cessity. — Fate, destiny, death. — 
Xpewv tari, it is fated. 

Xpn, opt. x,pdn, subj. XPV-. m ^ XPV- 
vai, imperf. exp^ v an( ^ XP?i v ' ^ ut - 
Xpycti (hnpers. verb from ^paw). 



XPT 

It is necessary, it behooves. — XPV 
jie Troieiv, 1 must do so. 

Xpvpa, aroc, to (from xP^/iat, to 
use). A thing. — In the plural, 
Xpijfiara, uv, rd, riches, treasures,' 
effects, properly, wealth. — xPW a 
klttvc. See note, page 53, line 
27. — ovSev xpvp- a i nothing. 

Xpnp-arL^a, fut. -lam (from xPV/^ a )- 
To transact business. — In the 
middle, to pursue an occupation, 
to engage in money matters, to 
lend out money on interest, to re- 
ceive interest for money lent out. 

XPV^P-og, y, ov (adj. from xpuojxaL, 
to use). Useful, profitable. 

Xpvotg, eug, i] (from the same). The 
making use of, a using, enjoy- 
ment, use. 

Xpnap.6c, ov, 6 (from xp^-u, to deliver 
an oracle). An oracular response, 
an oracle. 

XpncfJ-vdeu, «» fut. -rjao (from XPV '- 
fiog, and udf], a song). To deliv- 
er an oracular response in verse 
(as was the earliest practice), to 
impart oracles. 

XpriGToq, i], ov (adj. from xpaopai, to 
use). Useful, valuable, worthy, 
honourable, good, noble. 

XP~ i( J, fut. xP~ Latj3 i P er f- Kcxplna. Lit- 
erally, to touch the surface of a 
body. — Mostly, to anoint, to smear, 
to rub over icith any substance. 

Xpoid, ac, Attic for xP® a i a f> V (from 
Xpoo), to touch). A surface. — 
Generally, colour, the surface of 
the human body, the skin. 

Xpovoc, ov, 6. Time, a period of 
time. — XP 0V0V C ito/^aovc, for a 
long time. 

XpvoEOc, ia, eov, contr. xP Vl7 °v£i Vi 
ovv, and poetic ^pveretof, v, ov 
(adj. from xP v °og). Made of gold, 
golden, gilded. 

Xpvoiov, ov, to (dim. of ^pucroc). A 
piece of gold, gold. 

XpvolTrjc. ov, 6, and xpvcZTLg, Tdoc, 37 
(adj. from xP va °S)- Containing 
gold, rich in gold. — ap.jJ.og xP vaL ~ 
Tng, auriferous sand. 

XpvaoKepug, gen. cjrog (adj. from 
Xpvaog, and nspag, a horn). Hav- 
ing golden horns. 

Xpvo-6fia?.?>eg, ov (adj. from XP V &° C ) 
611 



¥AA 

and fiallog, wool, a fleece). Hav- 
ing a golden fleece, golden-fleeced. 

Xpvooc, ov, 6. Gold. 

Xptifia, drog, to (from xpuvvvfii, to 
colour). Colour, a paint. 

Xpuc, lotoc, 6. A surface, the skin. 
— A colour. 

XVtoc., i], ov (adj. from ^e«, to pour 
out). Poured out, fluid, melted, 
heaped up. — yalaxvTrj, the heaped- 
up earth (on a grave). 

Xvrpoc., ov, 6 (from ^ew, to pour out). 
A pot, a vessel, a crucible. 

X&, by crasis for nai 6. And the, 

^wAdf, ri, ov (adj. from the obsolete 
X&u, whence ^a/law, to loosen, to 
relax). Lame, limping, dejective. 

X<j'A<6o), cj, fut. ^w/lwaw, perf. kex<*>- 
Xuica, (from ^wA6f). To lame. 

X&ua, drog, to (from ^wvvw/zi). A 
mound, a heap, a dam. 

X&vvvfii and %w>vvt&. (forms its tens- 
es from ^dw), fut. ^wcrw, P er ^- 
pass. Kex^o/iai. To heap up, to 
erect, to rear, to raise. 

X&ofiaL, fut. xuo-o/u.ai. To be angry, 
to be displeased. 

Xconoaa, by crasis for Kal brrooa. 

X&pa, ag, fj. Space, a region, a tract 
of country, country, a place, land. 

Xupeu, £>, fut. -ijau, perf. KEX^pnaa, 
(from x^P ^)- To have room. — 
Hence, to contain, to comprehend, 
to receive. — To go or come, to 
proceed. — x^P EiV o[J-6ae, to come to 
an engagement, to come to close 
quarters. 

XO)pt&, future -loo, perfect /ce^wpt/m 
(from x u pk)- To separate, to di 
vide, to remove. — In the middle, to 
remove one's self, to depart from 
— Kex^ptop-evoQ, far-removed. 

Xuplov, ov, to (dim. from x&P°s) 
A district, a place, a spot, a farm, 
an estate. 

X<Jpk (adv.). Separately, far from, 
apart from, without, except. 

Xupoq, ov, 6 (from ^dw, to be open) 
Room, space, a place, a country, a 
district. 



tpdlTng, ov, 6 (from tyaXka, to touch 
and cause to move). A musician, 
a harper, 
612 



ifidft/xog, ov, }} (from ipdu, to rub down 
into small fragments). Sand. 

tpavo), fut. ipavGo), perf. eipavna. To 
touch, to feel, to handle, to reach. 

ipsyu, fut. ipe^o), perf. eipexa. To 
blame, to rebuke. 

ip£Ku£u, future -dau, perfect kipEKdna 
(from ipenug for ^jdKag, a drop). 
To drop, to trickle, to fall by drops, 
to distil fragrance. 

ijjeATiiov, ov, to. An armlet, a ring, 
a bracelet, a buckle. 

ipevdyg, eg (adjective homipevdofiai). 
False, lying. 

tpev66/j,avTLg, eog, 6 (from ipevdog, 
and fidvTig, a prophet). A false 
prophet. 

ipevSoc, eog, to. A falsehood, an 
untruth. 

ipevdu, fut. ipevau, perf. pass, eipeva- 
[icu (from ijievdog). To deceive, 
to slander. — In the middle, fevdo- 
ftat, fut. Tpevcofiai., to tell a false- 
hood, to lie. 

ijjrjyfia, utoc, to (from ipr/x *' to re ~ 
duce by rubbing). A fragment, a 
small piece, a small particle. — In 
the plural, rd ipijy/j.dTa, small 
grains. 

ip7j(j)i.^o), fut. -Xau, perf. itp?j^lKa (from 
ijjjjcpoc). To calculate by means 
of pebbles. — In the middle, proper- 
ly, to give a vote by means of a 
pebble. — Hence, to vote, to decree 
by vote, to determine. 

ipT]<f)ic, Idoc, 7] (dim. from ipf/<poc). A 
small pebble. 

i\)i]tyio~iia, arog, to (from ipi]<pl^o/j.ai). 
A decree, a determination, a vote, 
a resolve. 

ijjTjtyoc., ov, 6. A small stone, a peb- 
ble (used in voting). — Hence, a 
vote, a ballot, a decision or decree. 

ijuXog, rj, ov (adj. from tpiu for ipdo, 
to rub). That has been rubbed, 
bare, bald, unarmed, light-armed. 

ipoyoq, ov, 6 (from ipiyo). Blame, 
rebuke, censure. 

ipocpio), £), fut. -rjao, perf. e.tp6d>7jKa 
(from ifj6(j)og). To make a hollow 
noise, to sound, to roar. 

ipotyog, ov, 6. A noise, a tumultuous 
noise, a roaring, a sound, a tone. 

ipvxctycjyeu, w, fut. -i\ou> (from ipvxv, 
the soul, and uyo, to co?iduct). To 



conduct the souls of the dead (to 

the lower world). — To delight, to 

refresh, to charm. 
rfn>xuco, £>, fut. -??<tg> (from tpvxog). 

To cool, to refresh, to delight, 
ifoxy, VCi V (from ipv^o)). The breath, 

the soul, the spirit, life, 
ipvxoc, eoc, to (from ipi>x^). Cold, 

frost. 
i^X^C, «> ov (adj. from ipvx oc )- 

Cold, cool. 
ipi>Xu>, fut. xpv^to, perf. e\f.<vxa,2d aor. 

pass, eipvynv. To breathe, to blow. 

— Hence, to render cold, to cool. — 

Also, to refresh (by air). 

Q. 

o (adv. expressing wonder, surprise, 

_ &c). Oh I alas ! 

code (adv. from ode, this). Here. — 
Thus, in this manner. 

todfj, ?~/g, rj (contr. from uoidrj, a song). 
A so?ig, an ode. 

(fjditioc, ?/, ov (adj. from ucV/). Mu- 
sical. 

codlv and todig, Zvoc, rj (akin to odvvn). 
The pains of travail, the pangs of 
parturition. 

co&eto, to, fut. tooco, rarely todf/ato, 1st 
aor. etooa, perf. etona. To move, 
to push, to drive, to impel. 

coKedvog, ov, 6 (prob. from toKvg, and 
vdeo, to flow). The ocean. 

'Slueavog, nv, 6 (as a proper name). 
Occdnus, a sea deity, son of Coelus 
and Terra. 

conecog (adv. from tonvg). Swiftly, 
rapidly. 

to/eve, ela, v (adj. akin to b^vg). Rap- 
id, swift, fleet, active. 

cofi.67.Ivov, ov, to (from tofiog, and 
7Xvov , flax). Flax in its rough 
state, undressed flax. — Hence, a 
coarse tov:el (as made from such 
flax). 

u>/iorr?MTn, vg, rj (from tofxog, the 
shoulder, and ttMttj, a flat body). 
The shoulder-blade. 

toftoc, rj, ov (adj.). Raw, not cooked, 
unripe. — Ferocious, savage, rude, 
brutal. 

couog, ov, 6 (prob. from the obsolete 

oico, to bear). The shoulder, 
lofiorne, vtoc, rj (from co/iog). Cruel- 
ty, ferocity. 
Fff 



Q2U 

touotpayog, ov (adj. from o/u.6c, and 
odyetv, to eat). Devouring raw 
flesh, that eats food raxo. 

uvena, Doric for ovvetca. Because, 
&c. 

loviouai, ovfiai, fut. -i;aouat, perf. 
ecjvjjfiai. To buy, to purchase. 

toov, toov, to. An egg. 

topa, ag, r ( . A season, an hour. 

7 Qptu, uv, cu. The Hours or Sea- 
sons, three goddesses, daughters 
of Jupiter and Themis, who pre- 
sided over the seasons, and kept 
the gate of Olympus. Their 
names were Eunomia, Irene, and 
Dice. 

coplog, a, ov (adj. from topa). That 
is in season, ripe, seasonable. — 
Neuter plural as a noun, r« Ctpia, 
the fruits of the season. 

oopoc, eoc, Doric for bpog, eog, to. A 
mountain. 

lopvyrj, rig, ?} (from topvofiai, to Iwwl). 
A howling, a yelling, a cry. 

tog (adv. and conj.). As, when, how, 
after, since, as soon as, as if. — 
That, in order that, so that. — With 
a numeral, about. — With the su- 
perlative it denotes as much or as 
little as possible, according to the 
force of the superlative ; thus, cog 
T&xuzra, as quickly as possible ; 
cog e/MxiGTov, as little as possible. 
— With a participle and uv, see 
note, page 54, line 15-17. — It 
stands also for a preposition, e-xi 
or Tipbg, and governs a case ; and 
sometimes these prepositions are 
expressed with it. When the lat- 
ter construction appears, tog means 
no more, as far as our idiom is 
concerned, than ettl or irpbg alone. 
When it stands without them, the 
case apparently governed by tog 
depends in reality on hzi or rrpog 
understood. 
tog (from the old demons, pron. og, 
same as ovrog, this), same as ov- 
Ttog. Thus, so, in this way. 
tooavrcog (adv. from Cog, and avrtog). 
In the same way, just so, exactly 
thus, in like manner, 
coo-nep (adv. from ug and rcep). Just 

as, even as, the same as, as if. 
cooizepovv (adv. from cog. vsp, and 
613 



OTA 

oiv). As in truth, as is really the 

case, exactly as. 
&<jts (adv. and conj. from uc and re). 

As, just as, so as. — That, so that, 

in order that. 
'iloT'ia, 6>i>, ra. Ostia, a celebrated 

town and harbour, at the mouth of 

the river Tiber in Italy, which 

served as the port of Rome. 
6 rav (indecl.), only as vocative ; a 

mode of address in common life. 

Oh thou, my good friend. — Also, 

though seldom, used in the plural, 

oh ye. 
614 



S2$E 

ufeleia, ac, r\ (from axpeleo). Util- 
ity, profit, advantage, gain. 

oxjyeliu, €>, fut. -rjau), perf. Cx^OirjKa 
(from 6<t>£?L?iw, to aid). To help, 
to succour, to he useful to, to as- 
sist, to be profitable. 

(0(j>£/\,ifioc, ov (adj. from oxpeleo, to 
aid). Useful, advantageous, prof- 
itable. 

GxfreTuuoc (adv. from bty&Tufioc). Ad- 
vantageously, profitably, usefully. 
— Comparative a)(j>£?u[t<ATepov, su- 
perlative ofyelufiuTaTov. 



ANTHON'S SERIES OF CLASSICAL WORKS 

FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 



From H. Humphrey, D.D., Presi- 
dent of Amherst College, at Am- 
herst, Mass. 

1 am very happy to see that you have 
undertaken to furnish uniform editions 
of the Latin classics for the use of our 
grammar schools and higher seminaries 
of learning. Professor Anthon deserves 
and will receive the thanks of the public 
for the labour which he has so judicious- 
ly and successfully bestowed upon Sal- 
lust, Ccesar, and Cicero. The explan- 
atory notes or commentaries are more co- 
pious and comprehensive than those of 
any other edition I have seen, and much 
better adapted to the wants of young stu- 
dents. Among the most valuable of 
these notes are those which divert atten- 
tion to the beautiful uses of the moods 
and tenses, and explain the delicate 
shades of meaning and peculiar beauties 
that depend upon them, which our lan- 
guage often expresses imperfectly and 
with difficulty, and which young learn- 
ers rarely regard. The explanations of 
the force and meaning of the particles 
are also very useful. 

The historical, geographical, and oth- 
er indexes are also highly valuable, fur- 
nishing the student, as they do, with fe- 
licitous illustrations of the text, andmuch 
general information. 

The text seems to be settled with much 
care and ability. The editions adopted 
as the basis or referred to as authority 
are those in the highest repute among 
scholars. The typographical execution 
is very fne, and this is a high merit. 
The wretched reprints of foreign editions 
of the classics, got up in cheap offices, 
on wretched -paper, with incompetent 
proof-readers and no editors, to which, 
until within a very few years, our stu- 
dents have been universally condemned, 
have, by taking them young, been as 
successful in making them uncertain and 
inaccurate scholars as if that had been 
one of the main objects of the publishers. 
School books of all kinds, instead of be- 
ing the worst (as they often are), should 
be the most carefully printed books we 
have. 

H. Humphrey. 



From the Rt. Rev. Bishop M'Il- 
vaine, President of Kenyon Col- 
lege, at Gambier, Ohio. 

I anticipate the greatest benefits to our 
schools and colleges from the admirable 
edition of the classics which you are now 
publishing, under the superintendence 
and illustrated by the copious and learn- 
ed notes of Professor Anthon. What 
your accomplished editor has aimed at 
i?i his Horace, Ccesar, and other volumes 
of the series, few can have been much 
connected with classical institutions in 
this country without learning to be pre- 
cisely the one 7ieedful thing to their stu- 
dents. The object is most satisfactorily 
attained. The needed books we have, 
so far as your series has yet been pub- 
lished ; and as to what are yet to come, 
we have learned from what we have, if I 
may use the words of one of your authors, 
qus a summa virtute summoque in- 
genio expectanda sunt, expectare. 
Wishing you the most abundant encour- 
agement in your important enterprise, I 
remain your obedient servant, 

Chas. P. M'Ilvaine. 



From William A. Duer, LL.D., 

President of Columbia College, in 
the City of New-York. 

From the manner in which this under- 
taking has been so far executed, as well 
as from the established character and 
reputation of Professor Anthon as a 
scholar, his experience as an instructer, 
and the accuracy and judgment previous- 
ly evinced by him as an editor and com- 
mentator, I can entertain no doubt of the 
success of the enterprise, so far as his 
editorial labours and your own skill and 
experience as publishers are concerned ; 
and I trust that, from the increasing 
value of classical studies in the estima- 
tion of the public , this juaicious and spir- 
ited effort to facilitate and promote so im- 
portant a branch of education will be 
duly appreciated and liberally rewarded. 
I remain, gentlemen, 
Your obedient servant, 
W. A. Duer. 



anthon's series of classical works. 



Commendatory Letters — continued. 



From the Rev. Dr. Milledoler, 

President of Rurger's College, at 

New- Brunswick, N. J. 

.... Notwithstanding the objections 
of some eminent men to the study of the 
Greek and Roman Classics, it is now 
almost generally conceded that they form 
an important if not necessary part of a 
liberal education. 

A respectable acquaintance with those 
languages, in which the greatest -masters 
in belles lettres and science have written, 
cannot be dispensed with by professional 
men. We do not indeed see, without re- 
sorting to these ancient and admired 
fountains of taste and learning, how el- 
egant literature can be cultivated to ad- 
vantage, or how even a competent knowl- 
edge of our own tongue can be acquired. 
Whoever, therefore, has so mastered 
these xvorks that he can teach their gram- 
matical structure not only, but by accu- 
rate reference to ancient history, geogra- 
phy, and philology, can trace their nice 
and varied shades of meaning, unfold 
their beauty, and inspire the youthful 
mind with literary enthusiasm, deserves 
well of the Republic of Letters. 

Professor Anthon, in his recent edi- 
tions of the Classics, has, in the judg- 
ment of the undersigned, very ably ac- 
complished this difficult service. 

With these works in their hands, our 
youth will not be left to waste time and 
mental energy in unnecessary and dis- 
couraging investigations, but will be 
lighted on their way, and excited to ex- 
ertion. 

The typographical part is correctly 
and elegantly executed. 

With my best wishes that both editor 
and publishers may be amply remunera- 
ted by the rapid sale of these works, and 
their extensive diffusion through the 
academies and colleges of our country, 
1 remain, gentlemen, 

Yours very respectfully, 
Philip Milledoler. 



From the Rev. James Carnahan, 
D.D., President of the College of 
New- Jersey, at Princeton, N. J. 
Having examined in a cursory man- 
ner your series of Anthon's Classical 
authors, I add, with pleasure, the testi- 
mony of my approbation to the numer- 
ous recommendations given by others. 
Professor Anthon's character as a Clas- 
sical scholar is a sufficient pledge for the 
accuracy of the edition. If the ability 



of the learned editor and the neat and 
handsome appearance of the volumes be 
justly appreciated, your work cannot fail 
to receive a liberal patronage. 

Your obedient servant, 
James Carnahan. 



From the Rev. Dr. Baldwin, Presi- 
dent of Wabash College, at Craw- 
fordsville, Indiana. 
.... I have read Anthon's Sallust and 
his Casals Commentaries with much 
satisfaction. We have adopted the for- 
mer in the preparatory course connected 
with our college ; and propose to use his 
editions of Cassar and of Tully's Ora- 
tions, in preference to all others. My 
opinion of the merits of Professor An- 
thon, as a Latin scholar and editor of the 
Latin Classics, and particularly as a 
critical commejilator, is very high. I 
most cheerfully commend his literary 
labours to the patronage of classical 
teachers as second to none in his depart- 
ment, with which I am acquainted. 
Yours sincerely, 
Elihu W. Baldwin. 



From the University of St. Louis> 
Missouri. 

We have examined them part- 
ly ourselves, and submitted them for 
farther exaynination to persons fully 
competent to pronounce on their merit. 
We feel happy in stating, that there has 
been but one opinion on the subject, viz., 
that the highest encomiums are due to 
Professor Anthon as a scholar and a 
friend to education, and that the typo- 
graphical execution is not inferior to 
that of the best schoolbooks published in 

England and in France 

Your obedient servants, 
J. A. Elet, 
Rector of St. Louis University. 
J. B. Esning, 
Profes. Ling. 

From the Rev. Richard H Wall, 
D.D., Principal of the Preparatory 
School of Trinity College, Dublin, 
and Minister of the Chapel Royal. 
Doctor Anthon is an admira- 
ble commentator. His works have a 
great sale here. And I shall be anxious 
to see anything in the Classical way 
which comes from his pen. We have 
his Cicero, Sallust, and Horace in gen- 
eral circulation in our schools 



ANTHON S SERIES OF CLASSICAL WORKS. 



Letters of Recommendation — continued. 



From the Rev. E. Nott,D.D., Pres- 
ident of Union College at Sche- 
nectady, N. Y. 

The Jurnishing of our schools and 
colleges with accurate and uniform edi- 
tions of the Classical authors in use, 
accompanied by a useful body of com- 
mentary, maps, illlustrations, <§c.,is an 
undertaking worthy alike of commenda- 
tion and of patronage. The competency 
of Professor Anthon for the editorial su- 
pervision assigned him, is well known to 
me. The whole design meets my entire 
approbation, and you are quite at liberty 
to make use of my name in the further- 
ance of its execution. 

Very respectfully, 

Eliphalet Nott. 

From the Rev. F. Wayland, D.D., 
President of Brown University at 
Providence, R. I. 
1 have not been able, owing to the pres- 
sure of my engagements, to examine the 
above works with any degree of accuracy. 
I however beg leave to thank you for the 
volumes, and cheerfully bear testimony 
to the distinguished scholarship of their 
editor. No classical scholar of our 
country enjoys a higher reputation, and 
I know of no one in ichose labours more 
decided confidence may be reposed. 
Yours truly, 

F. Wayland. 

From the Rev. John P. Dukbin, 
A.M., President of Dickinson Col- 
lege at Carlisle, Penn. 

For some months past my attention 
has been directed to the series of Classi- 
cal works now in the course of publication 
from your press, edited by Professor An- 
thon. I can with confidence recommend 
them as the best editions of the several 
works which have appeared in our coun- 
try, perhaps in any country. The mat- 
ter is select, and the notes are copious 

and clear 

Respectfully, 

J. P. DURBIN. 

From Thomas R. Ingalls, Esq., 
President of Jefferson College at 
St. James, Louisiana. 
Ihave examined them with atten- 
tion, and have no hesitation in saying 
that I prefer them to any books 1 have 
seen for the schools for which they are in- 



tended. The editions by Dr. Anthon 
seem to me to supply, in a very judicious 
manner, what is wanting to the student, 
and cannot fail, I should think, to aid in 
restoring Classical studies from their 
unhappily languishing condition. 
Your obedient servant, 

Tho. R, Ingalls. 



From C. L. Dubuisson, A.M., Presi- 
dent of Jefferson College at Wash- 
ington, Miss. 

I have examined with some care the 
first five volumes of Anthon 's Series of 
Classical Works. They are such as I 
should expect from the distinguished ed- 
itor. The "Horace" and "Sallust n 
of this gentleman have long been known 
to me as the very best books to be placed 
in the hands of a student. As a com- 
mentator, Professor Anthon has, in my 
estimation, no equal. His works have 
excited a great and beneficial influence 
[ in the cause of Classical learning, and 
the present undertaking will infinitely 
extend the sphere of that influence. JVo 
one so well as a teacher can appreciate 
the value of uniform editions of the text- 
books to be used by his classes. The 
undertaking of publishing a complete 
series of all those standard works which 
students must read is a noble one, and 
1 sincerely hope it will be completed. 
With such a series as the present prom- 
ises to be, there will be nothing left to 
desire. It is be hoped that editor and 
publishers will meet with such encourage- 
ment as their truly valuable undertaking 
deserves. 

Your obedient servant, 

C. L. Dubuisson. 

From the Rev. John Ludlow, Pres- 
ident of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania at Philadelphia. 
The object is worthy your en- 
terprising spirit, and you have been sin- 
gularly fortunate in securing the services 
of Professor Anthon to direct it to its 
completion. The volumes which you 
have kindly sent me fully sustain the 
reputation of that distinguished scholar, 
and afford a sure pledge of what may be 
expected in those which are to follow. 
Most heartily do I recommend your un- 
dertaking, and sincerely hope it will meet 
with the encouragement which it richly 
deserves. 

With great respect, yours, <$c, 
John Ludlow. 



ANTHON S SERIES OF CLASSICAL WORKS. 



Letters of Recommendation— continued. 



From the Rev. M. Hopkins, D.D., 
President of Williams' College, at 
Williamstown, Mass. 

Professor Anthon has unquestionably 
done much service to the cause of clas- 
sical learning in this country by his edi- 
tions of the Latin classics, given to the 
public with unusual accuracy and ele- 
gance from your press. His Sallust, 
Cossar, and Cicero cannot fail to find 
their way into very extensive use, and to 
render the entrance upon classical studies 
much more inviting and profitable. 

M. Hopkins. 

From Wilbur Fisk, D.D., Presi- 
dent of the Wesleyan University, 
at Middletown, Conn. 
i" am highly gratified to notice that 
you have commenced a series of the clas- 
sics under the editorial supervision of 
that accomplished scholar, Professor 
Anthon of Columbia College. No man 
in our country is better qualified for this 
office than Professor Anthon. To show 
in what estimation he is held in England 
as a classical scholar, it need only be 
known that an edition of his " Horace" 
has been published in London, and the 
publishers informed me that the entire edi- 
tion had met with a ready sale ; showing 
that, notwithstanding the numerous edi- 
tions of this standard work by the first 
scholars in England, the credit of the 
work by our American scholar had car- 
iedr it successfully through the English 
market, and that, too, by virtue of its in- 
trinsic merit. Your editions of his Cos- 
sar, Cicero, and Sallust are now before 
me, and show that there is no falling off 
from the reputation of the edition of Hor- 
ace. The copious notes and commenta- 
ries cannot fail to shed a flood of light 
upon the mind of the young student, and 
will contribute much, I trust, to foster in 
the rising generation of scholars a taste 
for the ancient classics. 

Wilbur Fisk. 

From Silas Totten, D.D., Presi- 
dent of Washington College. 
The volumes which I have examined I 
entirely approve, and think them better 
adapted to the purposes of classical in- 
struction than any edition of the same 
authors yet published in this country. 
The well-known ability of the learned 
editor admits no doubt of the excellence 
of the volumes yet to be published. 

S. TOTTEN. 



From the President and Faculty of 
Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. 

These three volumes, enriched by a 
copious and valuable apparatus of crit- 
ical notes, and judiciously arranged his- 
torical, geographical, archaeological, a?id 
legal matters, furnished by so ripe a 
scholar as Dr. Anthon, are specimens 
well calculated to recommend the series 
of which they are the commencement. 
They are well adapted to promote thor- 
ough classical learning, and are entitled 
to a high grade of popular favour. By 
order of the Faculty, 

R. H. Bishop, President. 



From Rufus Babcock, Jr., D.D., 
late President of Waterville Col- 
lege, in Maine. 

/ have examined with considerable 
care, and with high and unmingled sat- 
isfaction, your recent edition of Profes- 
sor Anthonys Latin Classics. The dis- 
tinguished editor of Horace has rightly 
judged, that in order to elevate the range 
and standard of scholarship in this coun- 
try, it is requisite to facilitate the thor- 
ough acquisition of those elementary 
text-books which are usually first put 
into the hands of pupils. By the beau- 
tiful volumes which you have now given 
to the public from his pen, more has been 
done to make the student thoroughly ac- 
quainted with those three prime authors, 
Caesar, Sallust, and Cicero, than by 
any other helps within my knowledge. 
I need not minutely specify the various 
points of excellence by which these books 
are distinguished. Their practical value 
will immediately be appreciated by teach- 
ers and learners. 

Allow me, gentlemen, to tender, 
through you, my hearty thanks to Pro- 
fessor Anthon for the very valuable ser- 
vice he has performed in aid of the great 
cause of classical learning. May he 
continue his labours for the public good. 
Rufus Babcock, Jr. 



From Professor Dennis, of Haver- 
ford, Penn. 

• • • • I have examined Anthon's Greek 
Grammar, and have no hesitation in 
saying that, as a class-book for schools 
and colleges, I think it superior to any 
other wil/i which I am acquainted. . . . 
Wm. Dennis. 



anthon's series of classical works. 



Letters of Recommendation — continued. 



From Jeremiah Day, D.D., LL.D., 

President of Yale College, at New- 
Haven, Conn. 

/ estimate highly the impor- 
tance of furnishing for our schools and 
colleges accurate and neat editions of the 
ancient Classics ; and I am much pleas- 
ed with the general appearance and typ- 
ographical execution of the specimens 

which you have given us It would 

be presumptuous in one so little conver- 
sant with the fair fields of elegant litera- 
ture to undertake to pass sentence on the 
finely -wrought productions of so accom- 
plished a scholar as Professor Anthon. 
.... His works have a reputation al- 
ready too well established to need or to 
receive additional value from any recom- 
mendation which I can give 

Jeremiah Day. 

From the Rev. B. Hat.e, D.D., Pres- 
ident of Geneva College, at Gene- 
va, N. Y. 

Your object "to furnish accu- 
rate and uniform editions of Classical 
authors, read in colleges and schools, ac- 
companied by a useful body of commen- 
tary, maps," c£-c, is a very useful one, 
and highly deserving of the public pat- 
ronage, and no one, in our country, is 
more competent to the editorial supervi- 
sion of such an undertaking than Pro- 
fessor Anthon. It is fortunate for the 
cause of Classical learning in our coun- 
try, that so learned and enterprising a 
scholar has been brought into co-opera- 
tion with publishers so enterprising. 

So far as I have examined the works 
above mentioned, they appear to me ex- 
ceedingly well adapted to their end, and 
to do credit both to the editor and the 
publishers. We have specified these ed- 
itions in the requirements for admission 
to this college. BENJAMIN Hale. 

From the Rev. Joseph Penney, 
D.D., President of Hamilton Col- 
lege, at Clinton, N. Y. 
/ have examined with much interest 
and attention Dr. Anthon's editions of 
the ancient classics so far as published by 
you. I think there can be but one opin- 
ion as to the merit of these works, and 
the advantage to our country of so noble 
an enterprise. It is not only honoured 
by the learning of the editor, and the 
ability and taste of the publishers, but 
directly and greatly benefited in the vital 
interest of the education of our youth. 



We possess no means of sound mental 
discipline and cultivated taste that can 
supersede the relics of Greece and Rome ; 
and this to enrich them to the inquiring 
mind, and to adorn them to the eye of 
our studious youth, is a service not like- 
ly to be appreciated as it deserves except by 
those who have toiled through the crowd- 
ed and careless page of former days. I 
earnestly hope that you may be encour- 
aged greatly to extend these labours. 
Joseph Penney. 



From the Rev. J. M. Mathews, 
D.D., Chancellor of the New-York 
University. 

Professor Anthon has rendered an 
important service to the cause of learn- 
ing in this country by his editions of the 
various Classics ; and I am gratified to 
see that your valuable press is employed 
in furnishing them to the public. 

J. M. Mathews. 

From the Rev. D. M'Conaughy, 
D.D., President of Washington 
College, at Washington, Penn. 

The typographical execution 

is correct and handsome, the binding sub- 
stantial, the notes copious and valuable. 
All agree, that it is not much reading, 
but thorough reading, which secures 
knowledge and makes the scholar. To 
this purpose your edition of the classics 
is eminently adapted. If well employed 
by students and instructers, they cannot j 
fail to make accurate and well-instructed 
scholars ; and must render the study of 
Classic authors more interesting and 
more profitable than it has generally been. 
I hope that you will find extensive pat- 
ronage. D. M'Conaughy. 

From the Rev. Alonso Potter, 
D.D., of Union College, Schenec- 
tady, N. Y. 

I have had occasion to exam- 
ine these editions with some care, and, it 
would be superfluous to add, with great 
pleasure. The reputation of Professor 
Anthon for learning and critical skill, 
and the singular success with which he 
adapts his labours to the wants of the 
student, are too well known and too gen- 
erally appreciated to need any recom- 
mendation. It is proper, however, to 
add that these volumes will be used in 
our classes, and are held in the highest 
esteem. Alonso Potter. 



anthon's series of classical works. 



Letters of Recommendation — continued. 



From the Rev. S. Chapin, D.D., 

President of Columbian College, 

at Washington, D. C. 

Professor Anthon s editions of Hor- 
ace, Sallust, Cicero, and Caesar are so 
extensively known and so justly appre- 
ciated, that to recommend them farther 
woidd seem a work of supererogation. 
No one who examines them, if in any 
degree a competent judge, can fail to 
perceive that, in respect to the object 
for which they were designed, they are 
works of distinguished merit, and leave 
nothing to be desired ; furnishing as they 
do a text than which none probably more 
correct, and a body of notes so luminous, 
copious, and comprehensive as to meet 
all the wants of the young student, while 
the acute judgment, and profound and 
various learning, which they everywhere 
exhibit, cannot but afford delight and 
profit to the most advanced scholar. 
Yours, with sentiments of great respect, 
S. Chapin. 

From the Rev. Hector Humphreys, 
D.D., President of St. John's Col- 
lege, Annapolis, Md. 
The perfect accuracy and uniform- 
ity of the Anthon Classics, with 
the copious and discriminating notes 
and learned disquisitions in English by 
which they are illustrated, and, more 
especially, the substantial and tasteful 
manner in which they are printed and 
bound, fitting them for actual service, 
recommend them most strongly to our 
colleges and academies. The copies of 
many existing editions are so slightly 
put together, apparently more for sale 
than for use, and so abound, withal, in 
false readings, that I shoidd be heartily 
glad to see them superseded by the above 
elegant and correct series. 

Hector Humphreys. 

From Gessner Harrison, M.D., 
Chairman of the Faculty, and Pro- 
fessor of Ancient Languages in the 
University of Virginia, at Char- 
lottesville, Va. 

i" have given a hasty examination to 
Professor Anthon's school edition of 
some of Cicero's orations, Caesar's Me- 
moirs of the Gallic War, and Sallust, 
and am happy to say, that for the use 
of preparatory schools, more especially, 
it is, in my opinion, far better suited than 
any other with which I am acquainted. 
There is, indeed, no class of learners 



who may not derive useful information 
from the copious notes which it contains, 
and which are highly valuable for the 
geographical, historical, and other mat- 
ter they convey explanatory of the text. 
The help thus afforded will not only 
serve to lighten the learnen's burden and 
make his task a cheerful one, but both 
directly and indirectly tend to encourage 
to a better way of rendering the Latin 
Classics, and to cherish a taste for their 
study. 

Although I have been able to do little 
more than turn over the pages of Pro- 
fessor Anthon's Greek Prosody, I have 
satisfied myself of its value, and hope 
that it may prove greatly useful by pla- 
cing in the hands of the siudents of Greek 
in schools and colleges, in a very neat and 
convenient form, the means of becoming 
acquainted more readily with a subject 
so unworthily neglected in our country. . . 

The typographical execution and the 
paper in all these works are deserving 
of very high praise, and entitle the en- 
terprising publishers to the commenda- 
tion of the public. 

Gessner Harrison. 



From the Hon. D. L. Swain, Pres- 
ident of the University of North 
Carolina, at Chapel Hill, N. C. 
i" have examined with as much atten- 
tion as paramount engagements have 
permitted, the first three volumes of the 
series of Latin Classics edited by Pro- 
fessor Anthon, and have taken pains to 
ascertain the opinions of others with re- 
spect to them, in whose judgment, on all 
subjects connected with Classical litera- 
ture, I have much more confidence than 
in my own. The result of this examina- 
tion and inquiry has beento create a lively 
interest in the early and successful com- 
pletion of your enterprise, under the con- 
fident expectation that it will prove alike 
creditable to the editor, the publishers, 
and the country. 

D. L. Swain. 

From the Very Rev. Wm. M' Sher- 
ry, S. J., President of George- 
town College, D. C. 
I have examined your editions of Cic- 
ero's Orations, Sallust, and Ccesar, and 
consider them highly creditable to your 
press. The notes contain a variety of 
informatian, and are well calculated to 
improve the student. 

Wm. M'Sherry. 



LlB^y 




